subject:(wildlife interface)

University of Pretoria

1. Jenkins, Akinbowale Olajide. Identification and genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infections at the human/domestic animals/wildlife interface in Nigeria and South Africa .

Degree: 2011, University of Pretoria

URL: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05132009-165911/

► The relevance of the use of molecular tools in the global epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) cannot be undermined. Molecular epidemiological studies of the… (more)

▼ The relevance of the use of molecular tools in the global epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) cannot be undermined. Molecular epidemiological studies of the MTBC in Nigeria are not extensive, and to date, there has only been one detailed report. More strains are therefore needed to be genotyped in order to give a clear indication of disease transmission chains and to highlight routes of infection particularly with respect to zoonotic tuberculosis. This study therefore focuses on the identification and genotyping of MTBC isolates in south western Nigeria, with emphasis on interactions occurring at the human/livestock interface. The molecular epidemiology of M. bovis strains in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park in South Africa was also undertaken. Prior to this study, a pilot study was initially done to establish techniques, using samples from Belgium. Mycobacterium bovis strains were first identified in Belgium using the Multiple locus [variable number of tandem repeats] (MLVA) technique and analysis was done using capillary electrophoresis. In this study, the Belgium isolates were repeated using MLVA and analysis by agaorse gel electrophoresis and the two analysis techniques compared. Human isolates (136) and livestock isolates from cattle (50), pigs (12) and goats (5) isolated in Nigeria were also used and species identification of the members of the MTBC were done using the deletion analysis PCR technique amplifying RD1mic, RD2seal, RD4 andRD9 regions as well as spoligotyping. Seventy four positive MTBC strains (humans and livestock) were genotyped using 16 VNTR loci. The discriminatory ability of the 16 loci MLVA was compared with spoligotype data on 33 MTBC strains. Mycobacterium bovis isolates from buffalo in HluhluweiMfolozi Park (HiP) South Africa, were also genotyped using the 16 loci MLVA and spoligotyping. Results indicated that agarose based MLVA is as discriminatory as the capillary based MLVA. Furthermore, the relevance of molecular techniques in the rapid identification and genotyping of members of the MTBC, especially in a tuberculosis endemic setting like Nigeria, is also highlighted. This was clearly seen in the identification of undescribed spoligopatterns of the LAM 10-CAM M. tuberculosis strains in humans as well as the identification of undescribed M. bovis spoligopatterns in livestock isolates. The prevalent M. bovis strain (SB0944) in Nigeria was also identified in a human isolate. Also, two classical M. bovis strains were identified in two human isolates obtained from cattle traders, thus suggesting the influence of close interaction between infected animals and man as a means of zoonotic tuberculosis transmission. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was also identified in three isolates, from cattle, pig and goat; with the goat isolate having a spoligopattern (EAI5) typical of strains indigenous to East Africa and India. This study demonstrated the prevalent strains of M. bovis and M. tuberculosis circulating in Nigeria with SB0944 the predominant M. bovis spoligotype and LAM10-CAM the… Advisors/Committee Members: Prof J Godfroid (advisor), Prof E Venter (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Wildlife interface in nigeria and south africa; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; UCTD

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jenkins, A. O. (2011). Identification and genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infections at the human/domestic animals/wildlife interface in Nigeria and South Africa . (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05132009-165911/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jenkins, Akinbowale Olajide. “Identification and genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infections at the human/domestic animals/wildlife interface in Nigeria and South Africa .” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05132009-165911/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jenkins, Akinbowale Olajide. “Identification and genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infections at the human/domestic animals/wildlife interface in Nigeria and South Africa .” 2011. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Jenkins AO. Identification and genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infections at the human/domestic animals/wildlife interface in Nigeria and South Africa . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05132009-165911/.

Council of Science Editors:

Jenkins AO. Identification and genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infections at the human/domestic animals/wildlife interface in Nigeria and South Africa . [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2011. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05132009-165911/

University of Pretoria

2. Jenkins, Akinbowale Olajide. Identification and genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infections at the human/domestic animals/wildlife interface in Nigeria and South Africa.

Degree: Veterinary Tropical Diseases, 2011, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24624

► The relevance of the use of molecular tools in the global epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) cannot be undermined. Molecular epidemiological studies of the… (more)

▼ The relevance of the use of molecular tools in the global epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) cannot be undermined. Molecular epidemiological studies of the MTBC in Nigeria are not extensive, and to date, there has only been one detailed report. More strains are therefore needed to be genotyped in order to give a clear indication of disease transmission chains and to highlight routes of infection particularly with respect to zoonotic tuberculosis. This study therefore focuses on the identification and genotyping of MTBC isolates in south western Nigeria, with emphasis on interactions occurring at the human/livestock interface. The molecular epidemiology of M. bovis strains in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park in South Africa was also undertaken. Prior to this study, a pilot study was initially done to establish techniques, using samples from Belgium. Mycobacterium bovis strains were first identified in Belgium using the Multiple locus [variable number of tandem repeats] (MLVA) technique and analysis was done using capillary electrophoresis. In this study, the Belgium isolates were repeated using MLVA and analysis by agaorse gel electrophoresis and the two analysis techniques compared. Human isolates (136) and livestock isolates from cattle (50), pigs (12) and goats (5) isolated in Nigeria were also used and species identification of the members of the MTBC were done using the deletion analysis PCR technique amplifying RD1mic, RD2seal, RD4 andRD9 regions as well as spoligotyping. Seventy four positive MTBC strains (humans and livestock) were genotyped using 16 VNTR loci. The discriminatory ability of the 16 loci MLVA was compared with spoligotype data on 33 MTBC strains. Mycobacterium bovis isolates from buffalo in HluhluweiMfolozi Park (HiP) South Africa, were also genotyped using the 16 loci MLVA and spoligotyping. Results indicated that agarose based MLVA is as discriminatory as the capillary based MLVA. Furthermore, the relevance of molecular techniques in the rapid identification and genotyping of members of the MTBC, especially in a tuberculosis endemic setting like Nigeria, is also highlighted. This was clearly seen in the identification of undescribed spoligopatterns of the LAM 10-CAM M. tuberculosis strains in humans as well as the identification of undescribed M. bovis spoligopatterns in livestock isolates. The prevalent M. bovis strain (SB0944) in Nigeria was also identified in a human isolate. Also, two classical M. bovis strains were identified in two human isolates obtained from cattle traders, thus suggesting the influence of close interaction between infected animals and man as a means of zoonotic tuberculosis transmission. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was also identified in three isolates, from cattle, pig and goat; with the goat isolate having a spoligopattern (EAI5) typical of strains indigenous to East Africa and India. This study demonstrated the prevalent strains of M. bovis and M. tuberculosis circulating in Nigeria with SB0944 the predominant M. bovis spoligotype and LAM10-CAM the… Advisors/Committee Members: Godfroid, Jacques (advisor), Hildegard (coadvisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Wildlife interface in nigeria and south africa; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Jenkins, A. (2011). Identification and genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infections at the human/domestic animals/wildlife interface in Nigeria and South Africa. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24624

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jenkins, Akinbowale. “Identification and genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infections at the human/domestic animals/wildlife interface in Nigeria and South Africa.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24624.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jenkins, Akinbowale. “Identification and genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infections at the human/domestic animals/wildlife interface in Nigeria and South Africa.” 2011. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Jenkins A. Identification and genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infections at the human/domestic animals/wildlife interface in Nigeria and South Africa. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24624.

Council of Science Editors:

Jenkins A. Identification and genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infections at the human/domestic animals/wildlife interface in Nigeria and South Africa. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24624

University of Pretoria

3. Caron, Alexandre. Describing and understanding host-pathogen community interaction at the wildlife/domestic interface .

Degree: 2012, University of Pretoria

URL: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05082012-085032/

► In this thesis, I investigated the relationship between host and pathogen in multi-host and multi-pathogen systems at the interface between wildlife and domestic species. The… (more)

▼ In this thesis, I investigated the relationship between host and pathogen in multi-host and multi-pathogen systems at the interface between wildlife and domestic species. The term “epidemiological interaction” was central to my thesis, and was defined as “any ecological interaction between two host populations resulting in the transmission of one or more pathogen”. Epidemiological interactions are related to the processes of transmission between hosts and I investigated how these epidemiological interactions between different host populations could be investigated in a given ecosystem. I developed two research frameworks to estimate these epidemiological interactions: 1) an a priori approach based on the host data and assuming that the mobility of hosts and the resulting contacts between host populations would be crucial factors influencing the epidemiological interactions; 2) an a posteriori approach based on the pathogen data, assuming that epidemiological pathways previously used by some pathogen species can be used in the future by other pathogens. The animalpathogen model used to test the first approach was the bird-avian influenza viruses’ model. Longitudinal counting and sampling protocols of domestic and wild birds over two years were used to analyse community composition and abundance of hosts to compare with the prevalence of avian influenza viruses. I could, for the first time, show a persistence of low pathogenic avian influenza strains in an African ecosystem, and investigate the relationships with both the potential maintenance hosts (Afro-tropical ducks and resident species) and hosts that introduced the virus into the system from Europe or Asia (paleartic migrants). With the estimation of epidemiological interaction using host community data, I estimated the contact rate between wild and domestic avian compartments (intensive poultry, backyard and farmed ostrich compartments) and assigned a risk to this interaction based on dynamic and non dynamic factors for each bird species. This approach highlights the species or seasons at risk for the domestic compartments (or for the wild bird compartments depending on the perspective) in order to orientate surveillance or control options. This type of data and framework can also be used in mechanistic modelling to predict the spread of a pathogen after its introduction in one compartment. I tested the host approach in a broader dataset at the Southern African region level with similar counting and sampling database in multiple study sites, showing that the variability of host communities across the region could explain the variability of pathogen detection (however, finding a causal relationship was impossible). Finally, I theoretically developed the pathogen approach by combining tools used in parasite community ecology, molecular epidemiology and social network analysis and gave a theoretical example using a rodent and human macro and microparasite dataset. This thesis has explored the field of transmission ecology and offered ways to quantify the processes… Advisors/Committee Members: Prof D H M Cumming (advisor), Prof E Z Cameron (advisor), Dr S Morand (advisor), Dr M de Garine-Wichatitsky (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Zimbabwe; Wild birds; Community ecology; Avian influenza; Wildlife/domestic interface; Epidemiological interaction; UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Caron, A. (2012). Describing and understanding host-pathogen community interaction at the wildlife/domestic interface . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05082012-085032/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Caron, Alexandre. “Describing and understanding host-pathogen community interaction at the wildlife/domestic interface .” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pretoria. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05082012-085032/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Caron, Alexandre. “Describing and understanding host-pathogen community interaction at the wildlife/domestic interface .” 2012. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Caron A. Describing and understanding host-pathogen community interaction at the wildlife/domestic interface . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05082012-085032/.

Council of Science Editors:

Caron A. Describing and understanding host-pathogen community interaction at the wildlife/domestic interface . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2012. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05082012-085032/

Universiteit Utrecht

4. Geerdes, J.A.C. Dog population characteristics and rabies vaccination coverage at the wildlife interface in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa.

Degree: 2014, Universiteit Utrecht

URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/292997

► Rabies is a zoonotic, rapidly progressive, fatal virus which targets the central nervous system and is mainly transmitted by bites and scratches from domestic dogs… (more)

▼ Rabies is a zoonotic, rapidly progressive, fatal virus which targets the central nervous system and is mainly transmitted by bites and scratches from domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) acting as the main reservoir of disease. Not only dogs and humans play a role in the dynamics of rabies, it is also known as a disease that is of conservation interest. Wild carnivore populations have been affected by rabies virus over the past 20 years. The design and success of long-term rabies control programs aimed at domestic dogs in developing countries may be affected by many factors such as high density populations and high turnover rates. The objective of this study was to collect data through a household-level census in three rural communities in the sub-district of Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga Province of South Africa, bordering a large privately-owned conservation area. With this data we aim to assess rabies-vaccination coverage and other factors that might influence the success of the on-going vaccination campaign in the study areas. A descriptive analysis of household characteristics, dog demographics, and contraception demand was performed. A total of 1086 households were interviewed representing a total of 5115 persons and 413 dogs. Dog densities were found to be 169 dogs/km2, 128 dogs/km2, and 133 dogs/km2. We found that the dog:human ratio is 1:11 and 1:15 in the three studied communities. Of all the households included in this study 227 (21%) were DOHH and 863 (79%) of them NOHH. More than 60% of the dogs were found to be free roaming in all three communities. The dog populations were comprised principally of adults (>1 year of age) which made up 52 - 69% of the dog populations in the three communities. The sex ratio of the dog population in all three communities is skewed towards males. The average number of litters in the past twelve months ranged from 1,0-1,3 litter(s), the mean size of the litter was 5,0-5,2 pups and the mortality in the first week after birth 0-45,9%. Neutered dogs (<12%) are not a common finding in any of the three communities. Owners were willing to pay an average of $8 for the 2-year contraception injection. The vaccination coverage range in each of the three communities was 48.6%-57.3%, 68.7%-77.4% and 53.3%-77.8%. We did not detect any significance between confinement characteristics and the vaccination status of dogs in the three communities. Our results show that over 85% of dogs in all three communities were vaccinated during a vaccination campaign where house-to-house visits were carried out. Veterinarians, medical practitioners, and health authorities have the responsibility to apply intersectoral collaboration under the motto of ‘One Health’. We need to strive for a high level of risk perception among dog owners and an increased belief in the benefits of vaccination through public education activities. Proactive and sustainable vaccination programs in the Western World have proven their efficacy in the eradication of domestic dog rabies; this should provide a motivation and a… Advisors/Committee Members: Jongejan, F., Knobel, D..

Subjects/Keywords: Canine; rabies; South Africa; dog demographics; population characteristics; vaccination coverage; wildlife interface

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Geerdes, J. A. C. (2014). Dog population characteristics and rabies vaccination coverage at the wildlife interface in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. (Masters Thesis). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/292997

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Geerdes, J A C. “Dog population characteristics and rabies vaccination coverage at the wildlife interface in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/292997.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Geerdes, J A C. “Dog population characteristics and rabies vaccination coverage at the wildlife interface in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Geerdes JAC. Dog population characteristics and rabies vaccination coverage at the wildlife interface in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/292997.

Council of Science Editors:

Geerdes JAC. Dog population characteristics and rabies vaccination coverage at the wildlife interface in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. [Masters Thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2014. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/292997

University of Georgia

5. Rajeev, Malavika. Land use, livestock, and disease.

Degree: 2014, University of Georgia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/29610

► Land use is a major driver of human disease risk. However, few studies have examined this driver in livestock, which are often integral components of… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Land use, Livestock infectious diseases; Kenya; Livestock-wildlife interface; Brucella; BVDV; Leptospira

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Rajeev, M. (2014). Land use, livestock, and disease. (Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10724/29610

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rajeev, Malavika. “Land use, livestock, and disease.” 2014. Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10724/29610.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rajeev, Malavika. “Land use, livestock, and disease.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Rajeev M. Land use, livestock, and disease. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/29610.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Rajeev M. Land use, livestock, and disease. [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/29610

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Pretoria

6. Caron, Alexandre. Describing and understanding host-pathogen community interaction at the wildlife/domestic interface.

Degree: Zoology and Entomology, 2011, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24464

► In this thesis, I investigated the relationship between host and pathogen in multi-host and multi-pathogen systems at the interface between wildlife and domestic species. The… (more)

▼ In this thesis, I investigated the relationship between host and pathogen in multi-host and multi-pathogen systems at the interface between wildlife and domestic species. The term “epidemiological interaction” was central to my thesis, and was defined as “any ecological interaction between two host populations resulting in the transmission of one or more pathogen”. Epidemiological interactions are related to the processes of transmission between hosts and I investigated how these epidemiological interactions between different host populations could be investigated in a given ecosystem. I developed two research frameworks to estimate these epidemiological interactions: 1) an a priori approach based on the host data and assuming that the mobility of hosts and the resulting contacts between host populations would be crucial factors influencing the epidemiological interactions; 2) an a posteriori approach based on the pathogen data, assuming that epidemiological pathways previously used by some pathogen species can be used in the future by other pathogens. The animalpathogen model used to test the first approach was the bird-avian influenza viruses’ model. Longitudinal counting and sampling protocols of domestic and wild birds over two years were used to analyse community composition and abundance of hosts to compare with the prevalence of avian influenza viruses. I could, for the first time, show a persistence of low pathogenic avian influenza strains in an African ecosystem, and investigate the relationships with both the potential maintenance hosts (Afro-tropical ducks and resident species) and hosts that introduced the virus into the system from Europe or Asia (paleartic migrants). With the estimation of epidemiological interaction using host community data, I estimated the contact rate between wild and domestic avian compartments (intensive poultry, backyard and farmed ostrich compartments) and assigned a risk to this interaction based on dynamic and non dynamic factors for each bird species. This approach highlights the species or seasons at risk for the domestic compartments (or for the wild bird compartments depending on the perspective) in order to orientate surveillance or control options. This type of data and framework can also be used in mechanistic modelling to predict the spread of a pathogen after its introduction in one compartment. I tested the host approach in a broader dataset at the Southern African region level with similar counting and sampling database in multiple study sites, showing that the variability of host communities across the region could explain the variability of pathogen detection (however, finding a causal relationship was impossible). Finally, I theoretically developed the pathogen approach by combining tools used in parasite community ecology, molecular epidemiology and social network analysis and gave a theoretical example using a rodent and human macro and microparasite dataset. This thesis has explored the field of transmission ecology and offered ways to quantify the processes… Advisors/Committee Members: Cumming, D.H.M. (advisor), Cameron, Elissa Z. (advisor), Morand, S. (advisor), Garine-Wichatitsky, M. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Zimbabwe; Wild birds; Community ecology; Avian influenza; Wildlife/domestic interface; Epidemiological interaction; UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Caron, A. (2011). Describing and understanding host-pathogen community interaction at the wildlife/domestic interface. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24464

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Caron, Alexandre. “Describing and understanding host-pathogen community interaction at the wildlife/domestic interface.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pretoria. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24464.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Caron, Alexandre. “Describing and understanding host-pathogen community interaction at the wildlife/domestic interface.” 2011. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Caron A. Describing and understanding host-pathogen community interaction at the wildlife/domestic interface. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24464.

Council of Science Editors:

Caron A. Describing and understanding host-pathogen community interaction at the wildlife/domestic interface. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24464

7. MacDonald, Amanda. A survey for potential pathogens in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Ontario, Canada.

Degree: PhD, Department of Pathobiology, 2018, University of Guelph

URL: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/13057

► The primary purpose of this thesis was to investigate the prevalence and distribution of potential pathogens circulating in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Ontario. Many… (more)

▼ The primary purpose of this thesis was to investigate the prevalence and distribution of potential pathogens circulating in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Ontario. Many potential disease-causing agents, amplified by anthropogenic actions, pose a threat to the health of wildlife. Since their reintroduction in 1984, wild turkeys have increased in number and geographic range. Furthermore, these populations geographically overlap with domestic turkey farms (wildlife-livestock interface), and possible pathogen transmission between wild and domestic turkeys is a concern, as they are susceptible to infection with many of the same pathogens. Despite this, information on the health and the occurrence of pathogens that may cause disease in wild turkeys in Ontario is lacking. To address these knowledge gaps, I conducted a retrospective analysis of post-mortem findings and diagnoses for 56 wild turkeys submitted, over a 20-year period, to the Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative for diagnostic evaluation. Non-infectious diagnoses were more common than infectious, with emaciation identified most frequently. Next, a prospective study was conducted to investigate pathogens previously associated with disease outbreaks or decreased fitness of wild and domestic turkeys. Hunter-harvested and other opportunistically collected wild turkeys (n=215) from across southern Ontario were tested for Mycoplasma spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Pasteurella multocida, Campylobacter spp., Eimeria spp., avian pox virus, avian influenza viruses, and lymphoproliferative disease virus. Positive E. coli isolates were further tested for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Laboratory methods included culture, fecal floatation, histopathology, and PCR. Most wild turkeys tested positive for Mycoplasma and Eimeria spp., and over half were positive for E. coli and lymphoproliferative disease virus. There were rare isolations of avian poxvirus and Campylobacter jejuni, and no detection of avian influenza viruses, Salmonella, O. rhinotracheale, E. rhusiopathiae, and P. multocida. Finally, AMR testing performed on Escherichia coli isolates documented limited resistance to antimicrobials. The baseline data provided by this research provides insight into the health of hunter-harvested wild turkeys in Ontario and will aid in future monitoring of disease emergence. In addition, it will contribute to conservation and management strategies that help to ensure sustainable populations of wild turkeys in Ontario. Advisors/Committee Members: Nemeth, Nicole Marie (advisor), Jardine, Claire (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: wild turkey; ontario; disease; surveillance; wildlife livestock interface

…commercial turkeys at the wildlife-livestock interface. Furthermore, domestic and wild turkeys are… …WILDLIFE - LIVESTOCK INTERFACE Wild birds, particularly migratory waterfowl, are often considered… …potential risks for disease 3 transmission at the livestock-wildlife interface (Daniels et… …birds at the wildlife-livestock interface (Swayne et al. 2014). Although avian… …of Mycoplasma spp. across the wildlife-livestock interface; for example, domestic turkeys…

4 more images…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

MacDonald, A. (2018). A survey for potential pathogens in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Ontario, Canada. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Guelph. Retrieved from https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/13057

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

MacDonald, Amanda. “A survey for potential pathogens in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Ontario, Canada.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Guelph. Accessed March 05, 2021. https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/13057.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

MacDonald, Amanda. “A survey for potential pathogens in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Ontario, Canada.” 2018. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

MacDonald A. A survey for potential pathogens in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Ontario, Canada. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Guelph; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/13057.

Council of Science Editors:

MacDonald A. A survey for potential pathogens in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Ontario, Canada. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Guelph; 2018. Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/13057

The Ohio State University

8. Bey, Clarissa Rachel. Scale-Dependent Environmental Influences on Linked Mussel-Fish Assemblages in Big Darby Creek, OH.

Degree: MS, Environment and Natural Resources, 2013, The Ohio State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376918254

► Freshwater mussels are considered to be the most imperiled group of animals in North America, yet the environmental factors that influence mussel assemblage structure are… (more)

▼ Freshwater mussels are considered to be the most imperiled group of animals in North America, yet the environmental factors that influence mussel assemblage structure are not fully resolved. The life cycle of mussels suggests that dispersal of mussels is linked to fish movement whereas growth and reproduction might be expected to be controlled by broad-scale environmental processes. A more thorough understanding of the responses of linked lotic mussel-fish assemblages to scale-dependent environmental characteristics is expected to improve both current ecological understanding as well as inform conservation and management. My research investigated the relationships between (1) stream hydrogeomorphology and mussel and darter assemblages and (2) the relative influences of local- and catchment (i.e., landscape) -scale environmental factors on mussel assemblages in Big Darby Creek, OH. In 2011 and 2012, I surveyed mussel and fish assemblages and conducted geomorphic surveys at twenty study reaches distributed in Big Darby Creek. I also collected environmental data at local- (i.e., riparian land cover, stream hydrogeomorphic characteristics) and catchment- (i.e., drainage area; catchment land cover; modeled overland flow, sediment, and nutrient dynamics) scales. For the first objective, principal component analyses and stepwise multiple linear regressions were used to explore potential relationships between hydrogeomorphic variables and mussel and fish descriptors of the following assemblages: fish, darter, mussel, and mussels known to use darters as hosts. For the second objective, I used a partial constrained ordination approach to partition variation in the mussel assemblage dataset among fish, spatial, environmental, and shared (spatially-structured fish and environmental) factors. At a coarse geomorphic resolution, density of the overall fish assemblage as well as the darter component of the fish assemblage (p = 0.048, p = 0.024; respectively) was greater at geomorphically adjusting reaches, whereas fish species richness was 1.2 times greater at equilibrium reaches (p = 0.047). At a finer geomorphic resolution, eleven models emerged as significant. Across all models, hydrogeomorphic parameters explained from 20% (darter assemblage evenness) to 55% (density of mussels using darters as hosts) of the variation observed in mussel and fish assemblages. Drainage area was significant in almost every model. Other important variables included embeddedness, velocity, shear stress, roughness, channel dimensions, and sediment size.I found that collectively, environmental, spatial, and fish datasets explained 99.2% of the variation observed in mussel assemblage structure. The shared component was the dominant predictor variable, explaining 40.1% of mussel assemblage variation, whereas fish density only accounted for 1.5%. The pure environmental component accounted for 31.5% of the variation, split relatively equally between local- (26.3%) and catchment- (32.4%) scale influences. Overall, my results suggest that local-scale… Advisors/Committee Members: Sullivan, Mažeika (Advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Ecology; Wildlife Conservation; Darters, channel equilibrium, hydrogeomorphology, freshwater mussel assemblages, riffle-pool interface, stream fish assemblages, pure environmental factors, shared environmental variables, Soil and Water Assessment Tool

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bey, C. R. (2013). Scale-Dependent Environmental Influences on Linked Mussel-Fish Assemblages in Big Darby Creek, OH. (Masters Thesis). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376918254

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bey, Clarissa Rachel. “Scale-Dependent Environmental Influences on Linked Mussel-Fish Assemblages in Big Darby Creek, OH.” 2013. Masters Thesis, The Ohio State University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376918254.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bey, Clarissa Rachel. “Scale-Dependent Environmental Influences on Linked Mussel-Fish Assemblages in Big Darby Creek, OH.” 2013. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Bey CR. Scale-Dependent Environmental Influences on Linked Mussel-Fish Assemblages in Big Darby Creek, OH. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. The Ohio State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376918254.

Council of Science Editors:

Bey CR. Scale-Dependent Environmental Influences on Linked Mussel-Fish Assemblages in Big Darby Creek, OH. [Masters Thesis]. The Ohio State University; 2013. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376918254

University of Pretoria

9. Van Rooyen, Jacques. Livestock production and animal health management systems in communal farming areas at the wildlife-livestock interface in southern Africa.

Degree: PhD, Veterinary Tropical Diseases, 2016, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60128

► Finally the loss of income farmers experienced in both the ZR and the MSA during simultaneous FMD outbreaks in the year 2012 was quantified, as… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: UCTD; Communal cattle farming; Wildlife-livestock interface; Human-wildlife conflict; Commodity-based trade; Foot-and-mouth disease control

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APA (6^th Edition):

Van Rooyen, J. (2016). Livestock production and animal health management systems in communal farming areas at the wildlife-livestock interface in southern Africa. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60128

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Van Rooyen, Jacques. “Livestock production and animal health management systems in communal farming areas at the wildlife-livestock interface in southern Africa.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pretoria. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60128.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Van Rooyen, Jacques. “Livestock production and animal health management systems in communal farming areas at the wildlife-livestock interface in southern Africa.” 2016. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Van Rooyen J. Livestock production and animal health management systems in communal farming areas at the wildlife-livestock interface in southern Africa. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60128.

Council of Science Editors:

Van Rooyen J. Livestock production and animal health management systems in communal farming areas at the wildlife-livestock interface in southern Africa. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60128

The Ohio State University

10. Moreno Torres, Karla Irazema. The Wildlife-Livestock Interface of Infectious Disease Dynamics: A One Health Approach.

Degree: PhD, Comparative and Veterinary Medicine, 2016, The Ohio State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1460896947

► Surveillance for wildlife diseases is critical to our understanding of the emergence, transmission, persistence and control of infectious diseases at the interface of humans, domestic… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Animal Diseases; Applied Mathematics; Biostatistics; Biology; Computer Science; Conservation; Cultural Anthropology; Ecology; Environmental Health; Epidemiology; Geographic Information Science; Health Sciences; Livestock; Parasitology; Veterinary Services; Wildlife Conservation; Zoology; multi-host parasites; Neospora caninum; wildlife-livestock interface; infectious disease modeling; disease ecology; epidemiology; One-Health; community; human dimensions; prevalence; wildlife conservation; multidisciplinary; complexity; parasitology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Moreno Torres, K. I. (2016). The Wildlife-Livestock Interface of Infectious Disease Dynamics: A One Health Approach. (Doctoral Dissertation). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1460896947

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Moreno Torres, Karla Irazema. “The Wildlife-Livestock Interface of Infectious Disease Dynamics: A One Health Approach.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1460896947.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Moreno Torres, Karla Irazema. “The Wildlife-Livestock Interface of Infectious Disease Dynamics: A One Health Approach.” 2016. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Moreno Torres KI. The Wildlife-Livestock Interface of Infectious Disease Dynamics: A One Health Approach. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1460896947.

Council of Science Editors:

Moreno Torres KI. The Wildlife-Livestock Interface of Infectious Disease Dynamics: A One Health Approach. [Doctoral Dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2016. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1460896947

11. Viswanathan, Mythri. Molecular Epidemiological study of Campylobacter spp. Carriage in Mammalian Wildlife and Livestock on Southern Ontario.

Degree: MS, Department of Population Medicine, 2015, University of Guelph

URL: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/9192

► This thesis is focuses on Campylobacter carriage in mammalian wildlife and livestock in southern Ontario. Multi-level logistic regression models were constructed to investigate Campylobacter spp.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: wildlife-livestock interface; raccoons; molecular epidemiology; campylobacter; cluster analysis; antimicrobial resistance; livestock; beef; dairy; swine

…being a livestock sample versus a wildlife sample… …wildlife and livestock clusters… …wildlife and livestock C. jejuni subtypes… …detected in wild animals, however, the role of wildlife species in the epidemiology of… …sharing of Campylobacter species between mammalian wildlife and livestock and describe the…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Viswanathan, M. (2015). Molecular Epidemiological study of Campylobacter spp. Carriage in Mammalian Wildlife and Livestock on Southern Ontario. (Masters Thesis). University of Guelph. Retrieved from https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/9192

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Viswanathan, Mythri. “Molecular Epidemiological study of Campylobacter spp. Carriage in Mammalian Wildlife and Livestock on Southern Ontario.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Guelph. Accessed March 05, 2021. https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/9192.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Viswanathan, Mythri. “Molecular Epidemiological study of Campylobacter spp. Carriage in Mammalian Wildlife and Livestock on Southern Ontario.” 2015. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Viswanathan M. Molecular Epidemiological study of Campylobacter spp. Carriage in Mammalian Wildlife and Livestock on Southern Ontario. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Guelph; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/9192.

Council of Science Editors:

Viswanathan M. Molecular Epidemiological study of Campylobacter spp. Carriage in Mammalian Wildlife and Livestock on Southern Ontario. [Masters Thesis]. University of Guelph; 2015. Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/9192

University of Pretoria

12. Van Schalkwyk, Ockert Louis. A spatio-temporal probability model of cattle and African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) contact as a proxy for foot-and-mouth disease risk : a case study at the wildlife-livestock interface of the Kruger National Park, South Africa.

Degree: PhD, Veterinary Tropical Diseases, 2015, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/71487

► The work presented here investigates a number of important components in the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) at the wildlife-livestock interface along the Kruger National… (more)

▼ The work presented here investigates a number of important components in the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) at the wildlife-livestock interface along the Kruger National Park (KNP) and its adjoining private and provincial nature reserves (APNR). This epidemiological setting is unique and complex, mainly due to the presence of African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) persistently infected with the Southern African Territories (SAT) strains of the FMD virus. Despite a great deal of experimentation and field research, FMD transmission from both persistently- and acutely-infected buffaloes to cattle is still poorly understood, although it is accepted that the two species have to be in close contact for it to occur. And even then, ‘close contact’ is ill-defined. Comparisons of three intensive study sites in the FMD protection zone, comprising both communally-farmed as well as smallholder cattle rangelands, were conducted to better understand this livestock system and determine livestock distribution patterns. This vast heterogeneous landscape of the FMD protection zone follows a latitudinal gradient of both human density and rainfall (increasing from north to south), which is reflected in similar gradients in cattle densities, the number of households owning cattle, consumption patterns as well as herding practice, whilst inversely associated with cattle sales and calf mortality rates. Distribution studies of the cattle in these study sites revealed a dry season dependence on water, and contraction of home ranges around preferred habitat during the warm wet season. Herding, or the lack thereof, was evident in daily activity budgets of these cattle. Interestingly, seasonal differences in stray buffalo dispersal patterns were the inverse of their domestic counterparts, being condensed along the fence line during the dry season. Stray buffalo events mainly consisted of single animals or very small groups, predominated by adult bulls. Most of these animals were destroyed soon after straying from the FMD infected zone, although some managed to move into areas with unvaccinated cattle, especially along major river courses. Swift removal of stray buffaloes from livestock areas is paramount, since recent outbreaks all share the characteristic of stray buffaloes being reported roaming the outbreak-area over extended periods (months) prior to an outbreak. Combining cattle and stray buffalo habitat suitability estimates revealed areas likely to facilitate contact between these species, which was mostly driven by cattle dispersal into those condensed areas along the fence and rivers more suitable for stray buffaloes during the cool dry season. This is also the season when acute infection with FMD is most likely in buffaloes. Yet, when adjusting cattle habitat suitability to incorporate their density, the concentration of preferred habitat during the warm wet season forms small pockets of high cattle density, amplifying contact risk with stray buffaloes in these areas. Simulation of stray buffalo… Advisors/Committee Members: Knobel, Darryn Leslie (advisor), Hendrickx, Guy (coadvisor).

Subjects/Keywords: UCTD; Foot-and-mouth disease; Wildlife-livestock interface; Kruger National Park; Communally-farmed cattle; Cattle demographics; Cattle movement patterns

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APA (6^th Edition):

Van Schalkwyk, O. L. (2015). A spatio-temporal probability model of cattle and African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) contact as a proxy for foot-and-mouth disease risk : a case study at the wildlife-livestock interface of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/71487

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Van Schalkwyk, Ockert Louis. “A spatio-temporal probability model of cattle and African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) contact as a proxy for foot-and-mouth disease risk : a case study at the wildlife-livestock interface of the Kruger National Park, South Africa.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pretoria. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/71487.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Van Schalkwyk, Ockert Louis. “A spatio-temporal probability model of cattle and African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) contact as a proxy for foot-and-mouth disease risk : a case study at the wildlife-livestock interface of the Kruger National Park, South Africa.” 2015. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Van Schalkwyk OL. A spatio-temporal probability model of cattle and African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) contact as a proxy for foot-and-mouth disease risk : a case study at the wildlife-livestock interface of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/71487.

Council of Science Editors:

Van Schalkwyk OL. A spatio-temporal probability model of cattle and African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) contact as a proxy for foot-and-mouth disease risk : a case study at the wildlife-livestock interface of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/71487

13. Nox, Rain. Wildfire Mitigation Behavior on Residential Properties near Balcones Canyonlands Preserve in Austin, Texas.

Degree: PhD, Environmental Geography, 2015, Texas State University – San Marcos

URL: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/5589

► Wildfires have become an increasingly important issue in central Texas as more people move to the wildland-urban interface. Although mitigation can reduce the risk of… (more)

▼ Wildfires have become an increasingly important issue in central Texas as more people move to the wildland-urban interface. Although mitigation can reduce the risk of damage from wildfire, not all homeowners choose to mitigate. Using the area surrounding the Balcones Canyonlands Preserve wildlands in Austin, Texas as a case study, this research examined the factors that lead to homeowners’ decisions to or not to mitigate for wildfires. In particular, this study examined the difference between behavioral intention and behavior relating to wildfire mitigation. In addition, this study investigated the spatial aspects of risk perception, behavioral intention, and behavior by testing the effects of proximity to wildlands and to a relatively recent wildfire in the area. Study methods included a mail survey of residents living in subdivisions adjacent to the Balcones Canyonlands Preserve wildlands, statistical analysis, and a GIS analysis of residential location in relation to survey responses. This study adopted a modified version of the Theory of Planned Behavior called the “reasoned action approach” as the conceptual framework to explain homeowners’ behaviors and intentions. Statistical analysis was performed on survey responses relating to the conceptual variables in the reasoned action approach. The Intention model indicated that Attitude was the most important variable (40.6 % of total variance) relating to Intention, followed by Subjective Norm (10.1%), and Behavioral Control (1.3%). Risk Perception and Residency explained an additional 2.2% of the total variance. The Behavior models indicated that only Intention and Subjective Norm were predictors for Mitigation Behavior 1 (keeping gutters and roof free of leaves, needles, and branches), only Intention and Behavioral Control were predictors for Mitigation Behavior 2 (keeping tree limbs pruned at least 10 feet from the roof), and only Intention was a predictor for Mitigation Behavior 3 (keeping dead vegetation cleared within 30 feet of the house). The models explained 52.4% of the variance in performance of Mitigation Behavior 1, 38.9% in Mitigation Behavior 2, and 42.2% in Mitigation Behavior 3. The models were better at predicting respondents who did perform mitigation behaviors compared with those who did not. Distance was added to the models to test proximity effects, but this did not improve the predictive power of the models. Visual and hotspot analysis was performed to examine the relationships between proximity and risk perception, proximity and behavioral intention, and proximity and mitigation behavior. Overall, the visual and hot spot analyses did not detect any strong spatial patterns. Advisors/Committee Members: Hiner, Colleen C. (advisor), Hagelman, Ronald R. (committee member), Day, Frederick A. (committee member), Mendez, Roque V. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Wildfire; Mitigation; Theory of Planned Behavior; Wildland-urban interface; Hazards; Texas; Austin; Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge (Tex.); Wildfires – Social aspects – Texas

…33 4. Wildland Urban Interface Map… …more people move to the wildland-urban interface. Although mitigation can reduce the risk of… …living in the wildland-urban interface (WUI). A WUI is an area where man-made… …the ignition of homes by mitigating the hazards associated with the interface homes… …efficacy, risk perception, visual aesthetics and amenity values, and wildlife/habitat. 3.3.1…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nox, R. (2015). Wildfire Mitigation Behavior on Residential Properties near Balcones Canyonlands Preserve in Austin, Texas. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas State University – San Marcos. Retrieved from https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/5589

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nox, Rain. “Wildfire Mitigation Behavior on Residential Properties near Balcones Canyonlands Preserve in Austin, Texas.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas State University – San Marcos. Accessed March 05, 2021. https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/5589.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nox, Rain. “Wildfire Mitigation Behavior on Residential Properties near Balcones Canyonlands Preserve in Austin, Texas.” 2015. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Nox R. Wildfire Mitigation Behavior on Residential Properties near Balcones Canyonlands Preserve in Austin, Texas. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas State University – San Marcos; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/5589.

Council of Science Editors:

Nox R. Wildfire Mitigation Behavior on Residential Properties near Balcones Canyonlands Preserve in Austin, Texas. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas State University – San Marcos; 2015. Available from: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/5589

14. Ojeda, Daniel. Web-Based Reporting System for Road Kill .

Degree: 2013, California State University – Channel Islands

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10139/6436

Subjects/Keywords: Web-based application; Road kill; Wildlife-vehicle collision; Mobile device; Application program interface; Reporting system; Database; Road construction; Mapping; Computer Science; Roadways; Computer Science thesis

…of animals in the surrounding area. These roads may plague the wildlife of the surrounding… …so that both wildlife and humans can coexist in the same space. The collection and analysis… …of data is based on wildlife-vehicle collisions. A wildlife-vehicle collision is defined as… …deceased. Wildlife-vehicle collision data is vital in properly developing future roads and for… …surrounding wildlife from existing roads in the area. 10 1.2 The Architecture of the Proposed…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ojeda, D. (2013). Web-Based Reporting System for Road Kill . (Thesis). California State University – Channel Islands. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10139/6436

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ojeda, Daniel. “Web-Based Reporting System for Road Kill .” 2013. Thesis, California State University – Channel Islands. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10139/6436.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ojeda, Daniel. “Web-Based Reporting System for Road Kill .” 2013. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Ojeda D. Web-Based Reporting System for Road Kill . [Internet] [Thesis]. California State University – Channel Islands; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10139/6436.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ojeda D. Web-Based Reporting System for Road Kill . [Thesis]. California State University – Channel Islands; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10139/6436

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

15. Ojeda, Guadalupe. Reporting System for Road Kill Utilizing Mobile Devices .

Degree: 2013, California State University – Channel Islands

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10139/6437

► Living in an expanding industrialized society requires the creation and maintenance of functional roadways that meet the needs of a mobile population. Roads are essential… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Mobile device; Road kill; Wildlife-vehicle collision; Reporting system; Urban development; Data mining; Application program interface; Mobile client application; Roadways; Global positioning system; GPS software; Computer Science; Computer Science thesis

…contemplate the impact of new and improved roadways upon the surrounding environment and wildlife… …consideration for wildlife in the surrounding areas and to decrease wildlife-vehicle collisions. 1.2… …continuing any report. The server utilizes a custom Application Program Interface (AP I)… …Application Programming Interface XML - Extensible Markup Language S Q Lite - Structured Query… …constructing wildlife crossings [20] or mending existing roads. This project was…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ojeda, G. (2013). Reporting System for Road Kill Utilizing Mobile Devices . (Thesis). California State University – Channel Islands. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10139/6437

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ojeda, Guadalupe. “Reporting System for Road Kill Utilizing Mobile Devices .” 2013. Thesis, California State University – Channel Islands. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10139/6437.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ojeda, Guadalupe. “Reporting System for Road Kill Utilizing Mobile Devices .” 2013. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Ojeda G. Reporting System for Road Kill Utilizing Mobile Devices . [Internet] [Thesis]. California State University – Channel Islands; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10139/6437.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ojeda G. Reporting System for Road Kill Utilizing Mobile Devices . [Thesis]. California State University – Channel Islands; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10139/6437

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Open Access Theses and Dissertations