subject:(white tailed deer)

Kansas State University

1. Kern, Mitchell J. Fawn survival, cause-specific mortality, and bed-site selection of white-tailed deer and mule deer in Western Kansas.

Degree: MS, Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources, 2019, Kansas State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/40277

► Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed deer (O. virginianus) are common sympatric deer species in the Great Plains and western United States that have exhibited… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Fawn; Survival; White-tailed deer; Mule deer; Deer

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kern, M. J. (2019). Fawn survival, cause-specific mortality, and bed-site selection of white-tailed deer and mule deer in Western Kansas. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/40277

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kern, Mitchell J. “Fawn survival, cause-specific mortality, and bed-site selection of white-tailed deer and mule deer in Western Kansas.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed March 09, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/40277.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kern, Mitchell J. “Fawn survival, cause-specific mortality, and bed-site selection of white-tailed deer and mule deer in Western Kansas.” 2019. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kern MJ. Fawn survival, cause-specific mortality, and bed-site selection of white-tailed deer and mule deer in Western Kansas. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/40277.

Council of Science Editors:

Kern MJ. Fawn survival, cause-specific mortality, and bed-site selection of white-tailed deer and mule deer in Western Kansas. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/40277

University of Georgia

2. Stull, Daniel William. Behavioral responses of captive deer to visual and physical barriers designed to minimize deer-vehicle collisions.

Degree: 2014, University of Georgia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/26162

► As white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and human populations expand and overlap, deer-vehicle collisions become a common occurrence. Although a variety of mitigation techniques have been… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Deer; Deer-vehicle collisions; Fence; White-tailed deer

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APA (6^th Edition):

Stull, D. W. (2014). Behavioral responses of captive deer to visual and physical barriers designed to minimize deer-vehicle collisions. (Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10724/26162

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Stull, Daniel William. “Behavioral responses of captive deer to visual and physical barriers designed to minimize deer-vehicle collisions.” 2014. Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed March 09, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10724/26162.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Stull, Daniel William. “Behavioral responses of captive deer to visual and physical barriers designed to minimize deer-vehicle collisions.” 2014. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Stull DW. Behavioral responses of captive deer to visual and physical barriers designed to minimize deer-vehicle collisions. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/26162.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Stull DW. Behavioral responses of captive deer to visual and physical barriers designed to minimize deer-vehicle collisions. [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/26162

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oregon State University

3. Suring, Lowell Howard. Habitat use and activity patterns of the Columbian white-tailed deer along the lower Columbia River.

Degree: MS, Fisheries and Wildlife, 1974, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/9748

► A study of the life history, population dynamics, and ecological relationships of the Columbian white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginiarius leucurus) was conducted on the Washington mainland,… (more)

▼ A study of the life history, population dynamics, and ecological relationships of the Columbian white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginiarius leucurus) was conducted on the Washington mainland, Columbian White-tailed Deer National Wildlife Refuge during 1972-1973 to provide information for management of this endangered subspecies. A total of 18,077 observations of deer recorded during 213 morning and evening periods along two observation routes provided information concerning use of plant communities, activity, group composition, and sex and age structure. Detailed behavior observations were recorded during 25 morning and evening periods. Vegetation on the study area was categorized into five major community groupings of rush, thistle, grass, horsetail, and forest Deer were observed most often in those communities that provided both cover and forage. Communities providing forage without cover were most used where cover was adjacent. The population on the study area during the winter was estimated between 200 and 230 deer or one, deer per 3.4-3.9 hectares (one deer per 8.5-9.8 acres). A buck:doe:fawn ratio of 34:100:35 was calculated for November. Average group size of deer while grazing was 2.2 animals The major classification of group size throughout, the year was of single deer. Numbers of individuals within groups were highest during winter. Overt aggression between individuals was observed infrequently. Frequency of aggressive behavior was greatest during cold weather. Bucks were always dominant over does and fawns, and does were always dominant over fawns. Grazing was numerically the major activity observed. Deer grazed more and rested less in summer than during winter. Copulations may occur primarily at night. Home ranges of bucks were 1arger than those of does, and home ranges of yearlings were larger than those of adults. Average home range size of the Columbian white-tailed deer was smaller than that reported for other subspecies. Deer avoided close association with cattle and used those areas where cattle densities were lowest or where cattle were not present. Deer showed preference for improved pasture prior to introduction of cattle for seasonal grazing. Advisors/Committee Members: Vohs, Paul A. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: White-tailed deer

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APA (6^th Edition):

Suring, L. H. (1974). Habitat use and activity patterns of the Columbian white-tailed deer along the lower Columbia River. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/9748

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Suring, Lowell Howard. “Habitat use and activity patterns of the Columbian white-tailed deer along the lower Columbia River.” 1974. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed March 09, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/9748.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Suring, Lowell Howard. “Habitat use and activity patterns of the Columbian white-tailed deer along the lower Columbia River.” 1974. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Suring LH. Habitat use and activity patterns of the Columbian white-tailed deer along the lower Columbia River. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1974. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/9748.

Council of Science Editors:

Suring LH. Habitat use and activity patterns of the Columbian white-tailed deer along the lower Columbia River. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1974. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/9748

Oregon State University

4. Gavin, Thomas Alan. Population ecology of the Columbian white-tailed deer.

Degree: PhD, Wildlife Science, 1979, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/42628

► A population of Columbian white-tailed deer (CWTD) was studied on a refuge (790 ha) in southwestern Washington during 1972-77. Quality of habitat was considered good… (more)

▼ A population of Columbian white-tailed deer (CWTD) was studied on a refuge (790 ha) in southwestern Washington during 1972-77. Quality of habitat was considered good for these deer and total population size remained between 164-230 as determined by mark-recapture methods during November. Population size declined significantly between the winters of 1974-75 and 1975-76. All sex-age classes exhibited a contagious dispersion on the study area; the locations of high density areas among these classes differed slightly. Sex ratio at birth did not differ significantly from 1:1, but females outnumbered males 3:1 among yearlings and adults. Fawn:doe ratios ranged from 35-60 fawns per 100 does in November. From 1972-77, yearling and adult males comprised 18-21% of the November population, yearling and adult females 50-60% and fawns 21-31%. Limited data on reproduction indicated that all yearling and adult females bred and typically carried 2 fawns, while female fawns did not breed. There was a significant inverse correlation between recruitment rates of marked females (≥ 3.5 years old) and the population estimate for November of the previous year (r = -0.999, P<0.05). Winter mortality of yearling and adult males was significantly higher than expected and 77% of all fawn carcasses located were estimated to have died during summer. In 1975-76, female mortality was concentrated in a central portion of the study area where habitat quality had presumably declined. Median ecological longevity was 2.97 for males and 4.87 for females; median age at death was significantly greater for females than males. This was due to the higher mortality rate for males (0.345) than for females (0.179) at least 1 year old. Proximate causes of death included automobiles, bacterial infections, coyotes, dogs, drowning, nutritional stress and accidents. Based on the timing of mortality for males and females, stress due to breeding activities and fawning, respectively, were probably ultimate causes of death. CWTD were not migratory and exhibited remarkable sedentary tendencies. Mean home range size for females was 112.9 ha using the convex polygon method and 158.5 ha with the determinant method; for males, mean area of home ranges with each method was 137.7 ha and 192.2 ha, respectively. Home ranges tended to become smaller with increasing age among females, but larger with increasing age among males. Several marked females exhibited behavior that could be termed territoriality. Estimates of effective population size for this near-insular population ranged from 47-67, depending on which system of copulatory success we simulated for males. Although we detected no movement of deer onto the refuge, only about 1 immigrant per generation would need to breed successfully to eliminate fixation of genes due to random genetic drift. Stability of population size documented for this population could have been enforced by several negative feedback mechanisms that were suggested, but not substantiated, by the field data. Advisors/Committee Members: Meslow, E. Charles (advisor), Coblentz, B. E. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: White-tailed deer

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gavin, T. A. (1979). Population ecology of the Columbian white-tailed deer. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/42628

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gavin, Thomas Alan. “Population ecology of the Columbian white-tailed deer.” 1979. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed March 09, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/42628.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gavin, Thomas Alan. “Population ecology of the Columbian white-tailed deer.” 1979. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Gavin TA. Population ecology of the Columbian white-tailed deer. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1979. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/42628.

Council of Science Editors:

Gavin TA. Population ecology of the Columbian white-tailed deer. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1979. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/42628

Oregon State University

5. Smith, Winston Paul. Status and habitat use of Columbian white-tailed deer in Douglas County, Oregon.

Degree: PhD, Wildlife Science, 1981, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/8569

► A study conducted May 1978-December 1980 determined that the present geographic range of Columbian white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus leucurus, (CWTD) in Douglas County, Oregon encompassed… (more)

▼ A study conducted May 1978-December 1980 determined that the present geographic range of Columbian white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus leucurus, (CWTD) in Douglas County, Oregon encompassed 1199km2. The area was predominately a Quercus woodland community, typical of the Interior Valley Zone of western Oregon. The CWTD distribution was not contiguous throughout its range; the highest densities occurred along the North Umpqua River between Glide and Wilbur. Ten habitats were described: grassland, grass-shrub, oak-savanna, open oak, closed oak, oak-conifer, oak-madrone, madrone, riparian and conifer. CWTD exhibited a preference (P<0.05) for grass-shrub, oak-savanna, open oak, closed oak, riparian and conifer habitats while selecting the remaining habitats less frequently (P<0.05) than was expected from corresponding availabilities. Grassland use increased proportionally with biomass production of grasses and forbs during the spring and with mean monthly precipitation in the fall; CWTD utilized grasslands more frequently (P<0.05) during the fall than in the spring. Fawns utilized. woodland and brushland habitats more frequently (P<0.05) than yearlings and adults; yearlings utilized grasslands more often (P<0.05) and grassshrub habitats less frequently (P<0.05) than adults. Adult males occurred less frequently (P<0.05) in grass-shrub and more often (P<0.05) in conifer habitats than adult females, particularly in the summer. The population estimates for the 2745 ha study area were 628 and 740 CWTD representing an average density of 22.9 and 27.0 CWTD per km2, respectively. There existed a positive association (P<0.05) between distribution and abundance of CWTD and the juxtaposition of suitable habitat to the North Umpqua River. A positive curvilinear relationship between CWTD density and percent woodland cover was observed; maximum densities occurred in areas supporting approximately 50% woodland cover. Fall herd composition estimates were 52 fawns and 30 bucks per 100 does. Secondary sex ratios departed from unity (P<0.05) favoring males when summer rainfall was abnormally low. Malnutrition and vehicle-inflicted injuries accounted for the largest proportion of known mortality. The ultimate cause of mortality among yearling and adult males and females was apparently associated with reproduction; these activities were more demanding (P<0.05) on males. The median age at death for males (1.65) was less (P<0.05) than that observed for females (2.15). Fawn survival and recruitment varied inversely with existing population densities and winter severity. Parasite loads were light and corresponded with observed seasonal differences in the physical condition of CWTD. Convex polygon estimates of home range size for CWTD females and males averaged 21.1 ha and 32.8 ha, respectively. Elliptical home range estimates were invariably larger than corresponding convex polygon estimates and averaged 44.5 ha and 47.1 ha for females and males, respectively. Home ranges were stable between years; however, males and females…

Subjects/Keywords: White-tailed deer

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APA (6^th Edition):

Smith, W. P. (1981). Status and habitat use of Columbian white-tailed deer in Douglas County, Oregon. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/8569

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Smith, Winston Paul. “Status and habitat use of Columbian white-tailed deer in Douglas County, Oregon.” 1981. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed March 09, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/8569.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Smith, Winston Paul. “Status and habitat use of Columbian white-tailed deer in Douglas County, Oregon.” 1981. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Smith WP. Status and habitat use of Columbian white-tailed deer in Douglas County, Oregon. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1981. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/8569.

Council of Science Editors:

Smith WP. Status and habitat use of Columbian white-tailed deer in Douglas County, Oregon. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1981. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/8569

Montana State University

6. Compton, Bradley Byford. Distribution of white-tailed deer along the lower Yellowstone River.

Degree: MS, College of Letters & Science, 1986, Montana State University

URL: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/6655

Subjects/Keywords: White-tailed deer.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Compton, B. B. (1986). Distribution of white-tailed deer along the lower Yellowstone River. (Masters Thesis). Montana State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/6655

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Compton, Bradley Byford. “Distribution of white-tailed deer along the lower Yellowstone River.” 1986. Masters Thesis, Montana State University. Accessed March 09, 2021. https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/6655.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Compton, Bradley Byford. “Distribution of white-tailed deer along the lower Yellowstone River.” 1986. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Compton BB. Distribution of white-tailed deer along the lower Yellowstone River. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Montana State University; 1986. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/6655.

Council of Science Editors:

Compton BB. Distribution of white-tailed deer along the lower Yellowstone River. [Masters Thesis]. Montana State University; 1986. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/6655

University of Montana

7. Hildebrand, Peter Richard. Biology of white-tailed deer on winter ranges in the Swan Valley Montana.

Degree: MS, 1971, University of Montana

URL: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6463

Subjects/Keywords: White-tailed deer.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hildebrand, P. R. (1971). Biology of white-tailed deer on winter ranges in the Swan Valley Montana. (Masters Thesis). University of Montana. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6463

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hildebrand, Peter Richard. “Biology of white-tailed deer on winter ranges in the Swan Valley Montana.” 1971. Masters Thesis, University of Montana. Accessed March 09, 2021. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6463.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hildebrand, Peter Richard. “Biology of white-tailed deer on winter ranges in the Swan Valley Montana.” 1971. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Hildebrand PR. Biology of white-tailed deer on winter ranges in the Swan Valley Montana. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Montana; 1971. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6463.

Council of Science Editors:

Hildebrand PR. Biology of white-tailed deer on winter ranges in the Swan Valley Montana. [Masters Thesis]. University of Montana; 1971. Available from: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6463

Texas State University – San Marcos

8. Parra, Claire A. Body Weight and Age Influences on Liver Weight in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus): Implications for Reproductive Effort.

Degree: MS, Wildlife Ecology, 2012, Texas State University – San Marcos

URL: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/4396

► The mammalian liver is integral to homeostasis, metabolism, and reproduction. Previous research into the liver has mainly examined liver function; there have been far fewer… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Reproductive effort; Reproductive investment; Terminal investment; Senescence; Liver weight scalar; White-tailed deer; White-tailed deer – Aging; White-tailed deer – Weight; Liver – Aging; White-tailed deer – Reproduction

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APA (6^th Edition):

Parra, C. A. (2012). Body Weight and Age Influences on Liver Weight in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus): Implications for Reproductive Effort. (Masters Thesis). Texas State University – San Marcos. Retrieved from https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/4396

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Parra, Claire A. “Body Weight and Age Influences on Liver Weight in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus): Implications for Reproductive Effort.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas State University – San Marcos. Accessed March 09, 2021. https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/4396.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Parra, Claire A. “Body Weight and Age Influences on Liver Weight in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus): Implications for Reproductive Effort.” 2012. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Parra CA. Body Weight and Age Influences on Liver Weight in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus): Implications for Reproductive Effort. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas State University – San Marcos; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/4396.

Council of Science Editors:

Parra CA. Body Weight and Age Influences on Liver Weight in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus): Implications for Reproductive Effort. [Masters Thesis]. Texas State University – San Marcos; 2012. Available from: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/4396

Michigan State University

9. Kooiker, Paul Alan. A comparison of the DeLury and pellet group methods in censusing white-tailed deer.

Degree: MS, Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife, 1972, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:7585

Subjects/Keywords: White-tailed deer; Deer populations

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kooiker, P. A. (1972). A comparison of the DeLury and pellet group methods in censusing white-tailed deer. (Masters Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:7585

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kooiker, Paul Alan. “A comparison of the DeLury and pellet group methods in censusing white-tailed deer.” 1972. Masters Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed March 09, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:7585.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kooiker, Paul Alan. “A comparison of the DeLury and pellet group methods in censusing white-tailed deer.” 1972. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kooiker PA. A comparison of the DeLury and pellet group methods in censusing white-tailed deer. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan State University; 1972. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:7585.

Council of Science Editors:

Kooiker PA. A comparison of the DeLury and pellet group methods in censusing white-tailed deer. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan State University; 1972. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:7585

Montana State University

10. Kamps, George Frank. Whitetail and mule deer relationships in the Snowy Mountains of central Montana.

Degree: MS, College of Letters & Science, 1969, Montana State University

URL: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/5528

Subjects/Keywords: Deer.; White-tailed deer.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kamps, G. F. (1969). Whitetail and mule deer relationships in the Snowy Mountains of central Montana. (Masters Thesis). Montana State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/5528

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kamps, George Frank. “Whitetail and mule deer relationships in the Snowy Mountains of central Montana.” 1969. Masters Thesis, Montana State University. Accessed March 09, 2021. https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/5528.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kamps, George Frank. “Whitetail and mule deer relationships in the Snowy Mountains of central Montana.” 1969. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kamps GF. Whitetail and mule deer relationships in the Snowy Mountains of central Montana. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Montana State University; 1969. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/5528.

Council of Science Editors:

Kamps GF. Whitetail and mule deer relationships in the Snowy Mountains of central Montana. [Masters Thesis]. Montana State University; 1969. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/5528

Montana State University

11. Allen, Eugene Oliver. Food and range use habits of whitetail deer on Missouri River bottomlands in Northcentral Montana.

Degree: MS, College of Letters & Science, 1965, Montana State University

URL: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/4751

Subjects/Keywords: White-tailed deer.; Deer.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Allen, E. O. (1965). Food and range use habits of whitetail deer on Missouri River bottomlands in Northcentral Montana. (Masters Thesis). Montana State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/4751

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Allen, Eugene Oliver. “Food and range use habits of whitetail deer on Missouri River bottomlands in Northcentral Montana.” 1965. Masters Thesis, Montana State University. Accessed March 09, 2021. https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/4751.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Allen, Eugene Oliver. “Food and range use habits of whitetail deer on Missouri River bottomlands in Northcentral Montana.” 1965. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Allen EO. Food and range use habits of whitetail deer on Missouri River bottomlands in Northcentral Montana. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Montana State University; 1965. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/4751.

Council of Science Editors:

Allen EO. Food and range use habits of whitetail deer on Missouri River bottomlands in Northcentral Montana. [Masters Thesis]. Montana State University; 1965. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/4751

Texas Tech University

12. Avey, Josh T. Habitat relationships between a sympatric mule and white-tailed deer population in South-Central Texas.

Degree: 2001, Texas Tech University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/17966

► My objective was to determine landscape and ecological parameters that serve as spatial separators between desert mule deer and white-tailed deer. My goal was to… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Mule deer; White-tailed deer

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APA (6^th Edition):

Avey, J. T. (2001). Habitat relationships between a sympatric mule and white-tailed deer population in South-Central Texas. (Thesis). Texas Tech University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2346/17966

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Avey, Josh T. “Habitat relationships between a sympatric mule and white-tailed deer population in South-Central Texas.” 2001. Thesis, Texas Tech University. Accessed March 09, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2346/17966.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Avey, Josh T. “Habitat relationships between a sympatric mule and white-tailed deer population in South-Central Texas.” 2001. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Avey JT. Habitat relationships between a sympatric mule and white-tailed deer population in South-Central Texas. [Internet] [Thesis]. Texas Tech University; 2001. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/17966.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Avey JT. Habitat relationships between a sympatric mule and white-tailed deer population in South-Central Texas. [Thesis]. Texas Tech University; 2001. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/17966

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Texas State University – San Marcos

13. Spilinek, Sterling G. Rumen-reticulum organ mass and rumen mucosa surface area of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) consuming two diets.

Degree: MS, Wildlife Ecology, 2019, Texas State University – San Marcos

URL: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/8163

► Ungulate diets display spatial and temporal variation. To accommodate dietary variation, elasticity, organ mass, and absorptive capacity presumably change in the rumen-reticulum. The gastrointestinal organs,… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Deer; Diet; Rumen; White-tailed deer – Nutrition; Rumen

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APA (6^th Edition):

Spilinek, S. G. (2019). Rumen-reticulum organ mass and rumen mucosa surface area of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) consuming two diets. (Masters Thesis). Texas State University – San Marcos. Retrieved from https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/8163

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Spilinek, Sterling G. “Rumen-reticulum organ mass and rumen mucosa surface area of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) consuming two diets.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Texas State University – San Marcos. Accessed March 09, 2021. https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/8163.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Spilinek, Sterling G. “Rumen-reticulum organ mass and rumen mucosa surface area of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) consuming two diets.” 2019. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Spilinek SG. Rumen-reticulum organ mass and rumen mucosa surface area of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) consuming two diets. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas State University – San Marcos; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/8163.

Council of Science Editors:

Spilinek SG. Rumen-reticulum organ mass and rumen mucosa surface area of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) consuming two diets. [Masters Thesis]. Texas State University – San Marcos; 2019. Available from: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/8163

Michigan State University

14. Cue, David Charles. White-tailed deer summer habitat use in northern lower Michigan.

Degree: MS, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 1985, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:46059

Subjects/Keywords: White-tailed deer – Habitat; White-tailed deer; Deer – Michigan

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cue, D. C. (1985). White-tailed deer summer habitat use in northern lower Michigan. (Masters Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:46059

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cue, David Charles. “White-tailed deer summer habitat use in northern lower Michigan.” 1985. Masters Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed March 09, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:46059.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cue, David Charles. “White-tailed deer summer habitat use in northern lower Michigan.” 1985. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Cue DC. White-tailed deer summer habitat use in northern lower Michigan. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan State University; 1985. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:46059.

Council of Science Editors:

Cue DC. White-tailed deer summer habitat use in northern lower Michigan. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan State University; 1985. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:46059

University of North Texas

15. Eddins, Amy C. The Influence of Local Forage Variability on White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Body Size at Fort Hood, Texas.

Degree: 2015, University of North Texas

URL: https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822844/

► Nutritional quality and availability is thought to regulate geographic patterns of variability in animal body size due to phenotypic plasticity. The purpose of this study… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: white-tailed deer; body size; forage variability; phenotype; plasticity; wildlife management; White-tailed deer – Size – Texas – Fort Hood.; White-tailed deer – Food – Texas – Fort Hood.; Deer populations – Texas – Fort Hood.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Eddins, A. C. (2015). The Influence of Local Forage Variability on White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Body Size at Fort Hood, Texas. (Thesis). University of North Texas. Retrieved from https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822844/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Eddins, Amy C. “The Influence of Local Forage Variability on White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Body Size at Fort Hood, Texas.” 2015. Thesis, University of North Texas. Accessed March 09, 2021. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822844/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Eddins, Amy C. “The Influence of Local Forage Variability on White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Body Size at Fort Hood, Texas.” 2015. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Eddins AC. The Influence of Local Forage Variability on White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Body Size at Fort Hood, Texas. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Texas; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822844/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Eddins AC. The Influence of Local Forage Variability on White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Body Size at Fort Hood, Texas. [Thesis]. University of North Texas; 2015. Available from: https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822844/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Michigan State University

16. Kelley, Zurijanne J. Collaborative governance as a precursor to sustained participation in antlerless deer hunting on the Kinzua Quality Deer Cooperative, Pennsylvania.

Degree: 2015, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:2360

►

Thesis M.S. Michigan State University. Fisheries and Wildlife 2015

Harvesting antlerless white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is one way of managing deer populations to achieve societal… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: White-tailed deer hunting – Pennsylvania; Deer hunters – Pennsylvania; Deer populations – Pennsylvania; Natural resources – Co-management – Pennsylvania; Deer hunters; Deer populations; Natural resources – Co-management; White-tailed deer hunting; Wildlife management

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kelley, Z. J. (2015). Collaborative governance as a precursor to sustained participation in antlerless deer hunting on the Kinzua Quality Deer Cooperative, Pennsylvania. (Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:2360

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kelley, Zurijanne J. “Collaborative governance as a precursor to sustained participation in antlerless deer hunting on the Kinzua Quality Deer Cooperative, Pennsylvania.” 2015. Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed March 09, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:2360.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kelley, Zurijanne J. “Collaborative governance as a precursor to sustained participation in antlerless deer hunting on the Kinzua Quality Deer Cooperative, Pennsylvania.” 2015. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kelley ZJ. Collaborative governance as a precursor to sustained participation in antlerless deer hunting on the Kinzua Quality Deer Cooperative, Pennsylvania. [Internet] [Thesis]. Michigan State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:2360.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kelley ZJ. Collaborative governance as a precursor to sustained participation in antlerless deer hunting on the Kinzua Quality Deer Cooperative, Pennsylvania. [Thesis]. Michigan State University; 2015. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:2360

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

17. Wallingford, Bret Daniel. White-tailed deer antler point restrictions, harvest and survival rates, and deer hunter support: perception versus reality.

Degree: 2012, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13772

► Pennsylvania regulations for the harvest of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were designed for exploitation of antlered deer and regulating harvest of antlerless deer. The regulation… (more)

▼ Pennsylvania regulations for the harvest of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were designed for exploitation of antlered deer and regulating harvest of antlerless deer. The regulation defining a legal antlered deer for harvest remained unchanged from 1953 to 2002, when the Pennsylvania Game Commission re-defined the minimum antler size. The new antler point restrictions (APRs) were a ≥3- or ≥4-points on one antler depending on the wildlife management unit (WMU). New APRs were designed to protect 50 – 75% of subadult antlered deer (≤1.5 years of age), whereas remaining subadults and most adult males (≥2.5 years of age) were legal for harvest. The purpose of the APRs was to allow more subadults to advance into the adult age class, thus increasing the proportion of older males and antlered deer in the population. Although APRs have been applied to management of other ungulate species to increase the male age structure and the proportion of antlered males to females, they have been controversial with some wildlife biologists and hunters. Little research has been done to document the effects of APRs on deer survival, hunter harvest, and hunter support. I designed a research study using radio-collared subadult and adult male white-tailed deer to measure harvest and survival rates when hunting occurs with APRs. Simultaneously, I used pre- and post-hunting season surveys to evaluate hunter perception and support for APRs. I established study areas in Centre and Armstrong counties. During 2002 – 2005, I captured, radio-marked, and monitored 453 subadult and 103 adult males to estimate hunting and non-hunting season survival parameters and cause-specific mortality. To assess hunter support and attitudes toward APRs, I conducted 7 deer hunter surveys. The first 6 surveys were pre- and post-hunting season surveys for the 12-day firearms deer season during the 2002, 2003, and 2004 hunting seasons. The first survey was conducted before APRs began, and served as a baseline measure of hunter support for APRs. I surveyed 2 different groups of hunters: a random sample, and a longitudinal panel consisting of hunters who filled out the first 6 surveys. If a panel member failed to return a survey, they were dropped from the panel, but were surveyed at the end of the study. The final survey from panel members and the final survey to dropped panel members were used to determine directional support (increasing or decreasing) for APRs after 3 years. I used harvest and survival rate data from radio-collared deer and mail survey data to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of APRs. I found no difference in survival rates between study areas and years of the study, but survival rates differed by age (adult, subadult) and month. Monthly survival rates for subadults ranged between 0.64 (95% CI = 0.58 – 0.69) and 0.99 (95% CI = 0.97 – 1.0), with an annual survival rate of 0.46 (95% CI = 0.41 – 0.52). For adults, monthly survival rates varied between 0.36 (95% CI = 0.29 – 0.45) and 1.00, with an annual survival rate of… Advisors/Committee Members: Duane R Diefenbach, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Walter Matthew Tzilkowski, Committee Member, Gary San Julian, Committee Member, Harry Zinn, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: white-tailed deer; antler point restrictions; deer harvest rate; deer survival rate

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wallingford, B. D. (2012). White-tailed deer antler point restrictions, harvest and survival rates, and deer hunter support: perception versus reality. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13772

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wallingford, Bret Daniel. “White-tailed deer antler point restrictions, harvest and survival rates, and deer hunter support: perception versus reality.” 2012. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed March 09, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13772.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wallingford, Bret Daniel. “White-tailed deer antler point restrictions, harvest and survival rates, and deer hunter support: perception versus reality.” 2012. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Wallingford BD. White-tailed deer antler point restrictions, harvest and survival rates, and deer hunter support: perception versus reality. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13772.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wallingford BD. White-tailed deer antler point restrictions, harvest and survival rates, and deer hunter support: perception versus reality. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2012. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13772

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Georgia

18. D'Angelo, Gino Jude. Development and evaluation of devices designed to minimize deer-vehicle collisions.

Degree: 2014, University of Georgia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/23827

► Deer-vehicle collisions are an increasingly common occurrence throughout the range of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), resulting in human injury and death, damage to vehicles, and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Deer; Deer-vehicle collisions; Deterrents; Hearing; Vision; White-tailed Deer; Wildlife warning reflectors

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APA (6^th Edition):

D'Angelo, G. J. (2014). Development and evaluation of devices designed to minimize deer-vehicle collisions. (Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10724/23827

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

D'Angelo, Gino Jude. “Development and evaluation of devices designed to minimize deer-vehicle collisions.” 2014. Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed March 09, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10724/23827.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

D'Angelo, Gino Jude. “Development and evaluation of devices designed to minimize deer-vehicle collisions.” 2014. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

D'Angelo GJ. Development and evaluation of devices designed to minimize deer-vehicle collisions. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/23827.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

D'Angelo GJ. Development and evaluation of devices designed to minimize deer-vehicle collisions. [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/23827

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

19. Cudmore, Kristopher W. An Evaluation of Deer and Pronghorn Surveys in South Dakota.

Degree: MS, Natural Resource Management, 2017, South Dakota State University

URL: https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/1126

► To properly manage white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and the American pronghorn antelope (Antilocapridae americana), wildlife managers must identify population perimeters,… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: deer; mule deer; pronghorn; South Dakota; white-tailed deer; Animal Sciences; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cudmore, K. W. (2017). An Evaluation of Deer and Pronghorn Surveys in South Dakota. (Masters Thesis). South Dakota State University. Retrieved from https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/1126

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cudmore, Kristopher W. “An Evaluation of Deer and Pronghorn Surveys in South Dakota.” 2017. Masters Thesis, South Dakota State University. Accessed March 09, 2021. https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/1126.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cudmore, Kristopher W. “An Evaluation of Deer and Pronghorn Surveys in South Dakota.” 2017. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Cudmore KW. An Evaluation of Deer and Pronghorn Surveys in South Dakota. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. South Dakota State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/1126.

Council of Science Editors:

Cudmore KW. An Evaluation of Deer and Pronghorn Surveys in South Dakota. [Masters Thesis]. South Dakota State University; 2017. Available from: https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/1126

Michigan State University

20. Sikarskie, James Gerard. Clinical treatment of meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with albendazole.

Degree: MS, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 1981, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:19897

Subjects/Keywords: Anthelmintics; Parasites – White-tailed deer; White-tailed deer – Diseases

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sikarskie, J. G. (1981). Clinical treatment of meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with albendazole. (Masters Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:19897

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sikarskie, James Gerard. “Clinical treatment of meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with albendazole.” 1981. Masters Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed March 09, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:19897.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sikarskie, James Gerard. “Clinical treatment of meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with albendazole.” 1981. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Sikarskie JG. Clinical treatment of meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with albendazole. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan State University; 1981. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:19897.

Council of Science Editors:

Sikarskie JG. Clinical treatment of meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with albendazole. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan State University; 1981. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:19897

Michigan State University

21. Abbott, Michael J. Effects of season and photoperiod on growth and net fat synthesis in white-tailed deer.

Degree: MS, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 1983, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:29633

Subjects/Keywords: White-tailed deer; White-tailed deer – Growth; Fat; Photoperiodism

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APA (6^th Edition):

Abbott, M. J. (1983). Effects of season and photoperiod on growth and net fat synthesis in white-tailed deer. (Masters Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:29633

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Abbott, Michael J. “Effects of season and photoperiod on growth and net fat synthesis in white-tailed deer.” 1983. Masters Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed March 09, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:29633.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Abbott, Michael J. “Effects of season and photoperiod on growth and net fat synthesis in white-tailed deer.” 1983. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Abbott MJ. Effects of season and photoperiod on growth and net fat synthesis in white-tailed deer. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan State University; 1983. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:29633.

Council of Science Editors:

Abbott MJ. Effects of season and photoperiod on growth and net fat synthesis in white-tailed deer. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan State University; 1983. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:29633

University of Arizona

22. Brown, Mark Timothy. HABITAT SELECTION BY COUES WHITE-TAILED DEER IN RELATION TO GRAZING INTENSITY.

Degree: 1984, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275161

Subjects/Keywords: White-tailed deer – Arizona.; White-tailed deer – Habitat – Arizona.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Brown, M. T. (1984). HABITAT SELECTION BY COUES WHITE-TAILED DEER IN RELATION TO GRAZING INTENSITY. (Masters Thesis). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275161

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brown, Mark Timothy. “HABITAT SELECTION BY COUES WHITE-TAILED DEER IN RELATION TO GRAZING INTENSITY. ” 1984. Masters Thesis, University of Arizona. Accessed March 09, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275161.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brown, Mark Timothy. “HABITAT SELECTION BY COUES WHITE-TAILED DEER IN RELATION TO GRAZING INTENSITY. ” 1984. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Brown MT. HABITAT SELECTION BY COUES WHITE-TAILED DEER IN RELATION TO GRAZING INTENSITY. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arizona; 1984. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275161.

Council of Science Editors:

Brown MT. HABITAT SELECTION BY COUES WHITE-TAILED DEER IN RELATION TO GRAZING INTENSITY. [Masters Thesis]. University of Arizona; 1984. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275161

Montana Tech

23. Hakim, Salah A. Seasonal range and habitat selection by white-tailed deer in northwestern Virginia.

Degree: PhD, 1993, Montana Tech

URL: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/10384

Subjects/Keywords: White-tailed deer Habitat Virginia.; White-tailed deer Virginia.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hakim, S. A. (1993). Seasonal range and habitat selection by white-tailed deer in northwestern Virginia. (Doctoral Dissertation). Montana Tech. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/10384

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hakim, Salah A. “Seasonal range and habitat selection by white-tailed deer in northwestern Virginia.” 1993. Doctoral Dissertation, Montana Tech. Accessed March 09, 2021. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/10384.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hakim, Salah A. “Seasonal range and habitat selection by white-tailed deer in northwestern Virginia.” 1993. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Hakim SA. Seasonal range and habitat selection by white-tailed deer in northwestern Virginia. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Montana Tech; 1993. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/10384.

Council of Science Editors:

Hakim SA. Seasonal range and habitat selection by white-tailed deer in northwestern Virginia. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Montana Tech; 1993. Available from: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/10384

University of Montana

24. Krahmer, Rodney W. Seasonal habitat relationships of white-tailed deer in northwestern Montana.

Degree: MS, 1989, University of Montana

URL: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/4663

Subjects/Keywords: White-tailed deer Habitat.; White-tailed deer Montana.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Krahmer, R. W. (1989). Seasonal habitat relationships of white-tailed deer in northwestern Montana. (Masters Thesis). University of Montana. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/4663

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Krahmer, Rodney W. “Seasonal habitat relationships of white-tailed deer in northwestern Montana.” 1989. Masters Thesis, University of Montana. Accessed March 09, 2021. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/4663.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Krahmer, Rodney W. “Seasonal habitat relationships of white-tailed deer in northwestern Montana.” 1989. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Krahmer RW. Seasonal habitat relationships of white-tailed deer in northwestern Montana. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Montana; 1989. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/4663.

Council of Science Editors:

Krahmer RW. Seasonal habitat relationships of white-tailed deer in northwestern Montana. [Masters Thesis]. University of Montana; 1989. Available from: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/4663

Texas State University – San Marcos

25. Edwards, Clinton. Evaluation of White-tailed Deer Response to Precipitation and Vegetation in McMullen County, Texas.

Degree: MS, Geography, 2012, Texas State University – San Marcos

URL: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/4253

► The purpose of this study was to examine vegetation and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) responses to precipitation in McMullen County, South Texas. Understanding how deer… (more)

▼ The purpose of this study was to examine vegetation and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) responses to precipitation in McMullen County, South Texas. Understanding how deer respond to drought is especially important in a drought-prone region. Vegetation was assessed using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from level 1 Landsat 5 imagery, and deer records were donated from seven anonymous ranches on Managed Lands Deer Permit (MLDP) programs within the county. The variables analyzed from the deer records were fawn-to-doe ratios (fawn crop/recruitment), body weights, and antler measurements. Results indicate that fawn crop was strongly related to spring NDVI (r = 0.9; p ≤ 0.05) and summer (r = 0.9; p ≤ 0.05), spring-summer (r = 0.9; p ≤ 0.05), March-July (r = 0.9; p ≤ 0.05), and July-August (r = 0.9; p ≤ 0.05) rainfall. This positive relationship may be attributed to enhanced nutrition and fawning cover. Mature male body weights were related to summer (r = 0.9; p ≤ 0.05), spring-summer (r = 0.9; p ≤ 0.05), March-July (r = 0.9; p ≤ 0.05), and July-August (r = 0.9; p ≤ 0.05) rainfall. Additionally, mature males demonstrated a connection between Boone and Crockett score and summer (r = 1.0; p ≤ 0.01) and July-August (r = 1.0; p ≤ 0.01) rainfall. Spring NDVI was related to spring rainfall (r = 0.9; p ≤ 0.05), though summer NDVI did not indicate a relationship with summer rainfall. Spring NDVI was also strongly correlated to mature male body weights (r = 0.9; p ≤ 0.05) and main beam length (r = 1.0; p ≤ 0.01). Because of incomplete harvest records, analysis of physiological characteristics such as body weights and antler measurements was limited to the combined ranch averages. Also because of a low number of time-series, five years, a nonparametric statistical analysis using the Spearman r was the analysis performed for every relationship. The Spearman calculated strength of relationship by using ranks of values. Understanding how deer respond to periods of drought or periods of high rainfall in this part of Texas may provide landowners and land managers a more accurate assessment of what their herds will look like months in advance. Advisors/Committee Members: Jensen, Jennifer (advisor), Butler, David (committee member), Dixon, Richard (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: White-tailed deer; NDVI; Recruitment; Precipitation; Spearman r; White-tailed deer – Texas – McMullen County – Climatic factors; Precipitation variability – Texas – McMullen County

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APA (6^th Edition):

Edwards, C. (2012). Evaluation of White-tailed Deer Response to Precipitation and Vegetation in McMullen County, Texas. (Masters Thesis). Texas State University – San Marcos. Retrieved from https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/4253

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Edwards, Clinton. “Evaluation of White-tailed Deer Response to Precipitation and Vegetation in McMullen County, Texas.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas State University – San Marcos. Accessed March 09, 2021. https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/4253.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Edwards, Clinton. “Evaluation of White-tailed Deer Response to Precipitation and Vegetation in McMullen County, Texas.” 2012. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Edwards C. Evaluation of White-tailed Deer Response to Precipitation and Vegetation in McMullen County, Texas. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas State University – San Marcos; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/4253.

Council of Science Editors:

Edwards C. Evaluation of White-tailed Deer Response to Precipitation and Vegetation in McMullen County, Texas. [Masters Thesis]. Texas State University – San Marcos; 2012. Available from: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/4253

Penn State University

26. Buderman, Frances Elizabeth. A joint Kaplan-Meier known-fate and Brownie tag-recovery model to estimate harvest and survival rates .

Degree: 2012, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15712

► Incorporating multiple data sources into mark-recapture estimation models may eliminate the need for some model assumptions and can improve precision of parameter estimates. For some… (more)

▼ Incorporating multiple data sources into mark-recapture estimation models may eliminate the need for some model assumptions and can improve precision of parameter estimates. For some estimators, incorporating multiple data types into the modeling procedure can help correct for violations of model assumptions. The Brownie tag-recovery model assumes that all individuals tagged in each cohort survive to the start of the first hunting season after tagging. However, it may not be efficient or possible to tag individuals just prior to the hunting season. For example, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Pennsylvania are trapped and tagged in spring and not harvested until the following fall. If individuals die between tagging and the hunting season, fewer individuals are actually available to be harvested than the model assumes and harvest rates will be underestimated. I developed a joint model that uses auxiliary known-fate data, provided by radio-transmitters, to inform a Brownie tag-recovery model to estimate harvest rates for game species; using auxiliary information accounts for tagging-to-harvest mortality. I performed simulations using 3 model species with varying tagging-to-harvest survival rates, annual survival rates, and harvest rates. I compared accuracy and precision of model species’ harvest estimates between the joint model and a standard Brownie tag-recovery estimator. The level of precision that the joint model obtained depended upon the biology of the study species. With some species, the acceptable level of precision (CV = 10-15%) for harvest estimates was reached given certain thresholds for allocations of reward tags and radio-transmitters, but in other species, this level of precision was nearly impossible to obtain. In all cases, releasing 20 radio-transmitters and 100-150 reward-tags allowed the joint model to outperform, based on a metric combining accuracy and precision, the standard Brownie tag-recovery estimator. I then applied the joint model to Pennsylvania white-tailed deer and estimated harvest and annual survival rates for deer in 4 Wildlife Management Units (WMUs). I used a multi-step approach, in which I first selected the most parsimonious model structure for tagging-to-harvest survival rates. I then incorporated this model structure into the Brownie tag-recovery estimator. This model allowed me to test whether radio-transmittered deer are differentially selected by hunters for harvest compared to non-radio-transmittered deer. Radio-transmittered individuals often are used to infer the population level harvest rate, however, if fates of these individuals differ from unmarked individual, harvest rates may be not reflect the population level harvest rate. I failed to detect a transmitter effect in either male or female white-tailed deer. Harvest rate precision was comparable to what I estimated based on my computer simulations. Also I developed a model that allowed me to estimate harvest rates for the discrete periods of hunting that occur during white-tailed deer season in… Advisors/Committee Members: Duane R Diefenbach, Thesis Advisor/Co-Advisor.

Subjects/Keywords: white-tailed deer; deer harvest; deer survival; deer abundance; tag-recovery; known-fate; Kaplan-Meier; wildlife; estimation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Buderman, F. E. (2012). A joint Kaplan-Meier known-fate and Brownie tag-recovery model to estimate harvest and survival rates . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15712

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Buderman, Frances Elizabeth. “A joint Kaplan-Meier known-fate and Brownie tag-recovery model to estimate harvest and survival rates .” 2012. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed March 09, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15712.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Buderman, Frances Elizabeth. “A joint Kaplan-Meier known-fate and Brownie tag-recovery model to estimate harvest and survival rates .” 2012. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Buderman FE. A joint Kaplan-Meier known-fate and Brownie tag-recovery model to estimate harvest and survival rates . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15712.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Buderman FE. A joint Kaplan-Meier known-fate and Brownie tag-recovery model to estimate harvest and survival rates . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2012. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15712

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Arizona

27. Anthony, Robert Gene, 1944-. ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MULE DEER AND WHITE-TAILED DEER IN SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA .

Degree: 1972, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/287962

Subjects/Keywords: Mule deer.; White-tailed deer.; Deer – Behavior.; Deer – Arizona.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Anthony, Robert Gene, 1. (1972). ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MULE DEER AND WHITE-TAILED DEER IN SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/287962

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Anthony, Robert Gene, 1944-. “ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MULE DEER AND WHITE-TAILED DEER IN SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA .” 1972. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed March 09, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/287962.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Anthony, Robert Gene, 1944-. “ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MULE DEER AND WHITE-TAILED DEER IN SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA .” 1972. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Anthony, Robert Gene 1. ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MULE DEER AND WHITE-TAILED DEER IN SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 1972. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/287962.

Council of Science Editors:

Anthony, Robert Gene 1. ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MULE DEER AND WHITE-TAILED DEER IN SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 1972. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/287962

28. Clevinger, Garrett Balee. Effect of urbanization on the survival and movements of localized populations of white-tailed deer in southern Indiana.

Degree: Thesis (M.S.), 2017, Ball State University

URL: http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/201051

► In recent decades, the effects of urbanization on White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) (hereafter WTD) populations have become a major area of interest to wildlife professionals.… (more)

▼ In recent decades, the effects of urbanization on White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) (hereafter WTD) populations have become a major area of interest to wildlife professionals. However, while a fair amount of studies have compared the population dynamics of urbanized WTD populations (such as movement and survival) on a broad scale, few if any have ever attempted to compare them to a population along a localized gradient at the same place and time. Although the population dynamics of urbanized WTD seem to be consistent throughout literature, management applications may be undermined by inaccurate perceptions of how urban WTD populations respond when applications are based on conclusions from varying populations. By comparing common population dynamics such as movement and survival between adjacent groups of urban and rural WTD within the same general area, biologists can more accurately evaluate the direct impacts of urbanization on WTD within localized populations. This study was conducted in two counties in southern Indiana: Monroe and Brown. The city of Bloomington, Indiana has a healthy population of urban deer. We free darted WTD from a distance or captured them using dropnets, Clover traps, or suspended net guns. Once immobilized, WTD were equipped with GPS or VHF collars and monitored using satellite or radio telemetry to obtain location data. From January-July 2015-16 a total of 85 WTD was captured consisting of 45 urban individuals and 40 rural individuals. We used Kaplan-meier known fates models to determine survival and dispersal probabilities and occupancy models to determine excursion probability. Parameters of the models were estimated using Bayesian inference in JAGS. Covariates used in model selection included locality, season, and sex. Overall, survival rates were positively correlated between sex and season but not locality. Dispersals were predominately undertaken by males (25% of collared bucks), however they were not positively correlated by season or locality. Our results also suggest that urban WTD were less likely to be observed while on an excursion across all seasons than their rural counterparts, however the influence of sex did not affect excursion probability. Furthermore, both localities had highest excursion probabilities during the fall/winter and winter/spring seasons compared to the summer. Advisors/Committee Members: Carter, Timothy C. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Urbanization – Indiana – Monroe County.; White-tailed deer – Indiana – Monroe County.; White-tailed deer – Indiana – Brown County.; Deer populations – Indiana – Monroe County.; Deer populations – Indiana – Brown County.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Clevinger, G. B. (2017). Effect of urbanization on the survival and movements of localized populations of white-tailed deer in southern Indiana. (Masters Thesis). Ball State University. Retrieved from http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/201051

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Clevinger, Garrett Balee. “Effect of urbanization on the survival and movements of localized populations of white-tailed deer in southern Indiana.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Ball State University. Accessed March 09, 2021. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/201051.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Clevinger, Garrett Balee. “Effect of urbanization on the survival and movements of localized populations of white-tailed deer in southern Indiana.” 2017. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Clevinger GB. Effect of urbanization on the survival and movements of localized populations of white-tailed deer in southern Indiana. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Ball State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/201051.

Council of Science Editors:

Clevinger GB. Effect of urbanization on the survival and movements of localized populations of white-tailed deer in southern Indiana. [Masters Thesis]. Ball State University; 2017. Available from: http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/201051

29. Trudeau, Jonathan Karl. Seasonal and annual space use of white-tailed deer in urban and rural southern Indiana: Title on signature form : Comparison of seasonal and annual space use of white-tailed deer in urban and rural southern Indiana.

Degree: Thesis (M.S.), 2017, Ball State University

URL: http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/201070

► White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have been extensively researched throughout their distribution and in varying habitats. Past research that has focused on comparing deer in urban… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: White-tailed deer – Indiana – Monroe County.; White-tailed deer – Indiana – Brown County.; Deer populations – Indiana – Monroe County.; Deer populations – Indiana – Brown County.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Trudeau, J. K. (2017). Seasonal and annual space use of white-tailed deer in urban and rural southern Indiana: Title on signature form : Comparison of seasonal and annual space use of white-tailed deer in urban and rural southern Indiana. (Masters Thesis). Ball State University. Retrieved from http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/201070

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Trudeau, Jonathan Karl. “Seasonal and annual space use of white-tailed deer in urban and rural southern Indiana: Title on signature form : Comparison of seasonal and annual space use of white-tailed deer in urban and rural southern Indiana.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Ball State University. Accessed March 09, 2021. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/201070.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Trudeau, Jonathan Karl. “Seasonal and annual space use of white-tailed deer in urban and rural southern Indiana: Title on signature form : Comparison of seasonal and annual space use of white-tailed deer in urban and rural southern Indiana.” 2017. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Trudeau JK. Seasonal and annual space use of white-tailed deer in urban and rural southern Indiana: Title on signature form : Comparison of seasonal and annual space use of white-tailed deer in urban and rural southern Indiana. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Ball State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/201070.

Council of Science Editors:

Trudeau JK. Seasonal and annual space use of white-tailed deer in urban and rural southern Indiana: Title on signature form : Comparison of seasonal and annual space use of white-tailed deer in urban and rural southern Indiana. [Masters Thesis]. Ball State University; 2017. Available from: http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/201070

University of Minnesota

30. Maragi, Frank Anthony. Deer Impacts on forested communities and Canada Yew Populations at Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, Wisconsin.

Degree: MS, Biology, 2013, University of Minnesota

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/160237

►

University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. August 2013. Major: Biology. Advisors: Dr. David Schimf. 1 computer file (PDF); vii, 90 pages.

Abundant white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)… (more)

▼

University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. August 2013. Major: Biology. Advisors: Dr. David Schimf. 1 computer file (PDF); vii, 90 pages.

Abundant white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) present a significant management problem in forested landscapes of North America. Conserving vulnerable communities requires quantifying herbivory levels and the density of the herbivore populations. The current study was conducted in 2006 to investigate the status of white-tailed deer throughout Apostle Islands National Lakeshore and their impacts on forest communities as well as Canada yew (Taxus canadensis) populations. Deer densities were estimated using fecal pellet surveys across islands of known deer occupancy. Using a defecation rate of 34.4 pellet groups deer-1 day-1, population estimates on Sand (8.23 deer km2) and York (7.68 deer km2) islands were considerably greater than Basswood (1.82 deer km2) and Oak (1.56 deer km2) islands. The variation in deer density reflects measurable differences in forage availability and browse quality between islands. Browse intensity and electivity indices revealed that northern white cedar or hemlock were selected for browsing by deer on Basswood and Oak islands, yet when Canada yew was abundant (on other islands) they were selected against. Dimensional analyses of browsed and unbrowsed stems were used to assess annual browse biomass production and utilization of Canada yew by white-tailed deer. A species-specific allometric relationship of stem diameter and shoot biomass was developed for Canada yew and used to predict the total browse biomass consumed at the stem level. Estimates of annual browse production and utilization from York and Sand islands revealed that deer herbivory accounted for 53% and 74%, respectively, of new browse biomass losses. Deer populations and herbivory levels on Sand and York islands are not sustainable for continued growth and reproduction of Canada yew populations, which are regionally uncommon. Landscape composition and species susceptibility to herbivory should be important considerations in the management of deer populations across Apostle Islands National Lakeshore.

Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. David Schimf.

Subjects/Keywords: Apostle Islands; Canada yew; Deer browse; Pellet counts; Taxus canadensis; White-tailed deer

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APA (6^th Edition):

Maragi, F. A. (2013). Deer Impacts on forested communities and Canada Yew Populations at Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, Wisconsin. (Masters Thesis). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://purl.umn.edu/160237

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Maragi, Frank Anthony. “Deer Impacts on forested communities and Canada Yew Populations at Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, Wisconsin.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Minnesota. Accessed March 09, 2021. http://purl.umn.edu/160237.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Maragi, Frank Anthony. “Deer Impacts on forested communities and Canada Yew Populations at Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, Wisconsin.” 2013. Web. 09 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Maragi FA. Deer Impacts on forested communities and Canada Yew Populations at Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, Wisconsin. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 09]. Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/160237.

Council of Science Editors:

Maragi FA. Deer Impacts on forested communities and Canada Yew Populations at Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, Wisconsin. [Masters Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2013. Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/160237

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