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Addis Ababa University
1.
ZEBENAY, WORKNEH.
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF MOTHERS OF CHILDREN UNDER 2 YEARS OF AGE TOWARDS THE WEANING PROCESS, NORTH WEST ETHIOPIA, AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, EAST GOJJAM ZONE, AMANUEL TOWN, JUNE 2014
.
Degree: 2014, Addis Ababa University
URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5669 
► Abstract Weaning is a gradual process of the introduction of complementary foods to the infant’s diet as per the WHO recommendations. The weaning practice in…
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▼ Abstract
Weaning is a gradual process of the introduction of complementary foods to the infant’s diet as per the WHO recommendations. The
weaning practice in developing countries is affected by attitudinal, knowledge, cultural, economical, and social and other demographic factors.
This was a cross sectional with the purpose of assessing the
weaning knowledge, attitudes and practices among mothers with children's of age under 2 years in Amanuel town, east Gojjam Zone, Amhara National Regional State, North West Ethiopia. The major objectives of this study were: to determine the level of
weaning knowledge among mothers with children's of age under 2 years; to identify the attitudes of mothers towards the
weaning process: to identify the practices of mothers during the
weaning process; and to investigate the cultural beliefs and traditions and factors influencing the
weaning process.
The data was collected using an interview schedule, which was carried out by the data collectors from 374 mothers with children of under 2 years of age. The structured questionnaire was used for interviewing study subjects and the data was collected from March to April (2014). The subjects were selected by simple random sampling, particularly lottery method from the source population and those who have children of under 2 years.
Statistical analyses were done using percentage, Chi-Square test, Odds Ratio(OR), 95% confidence interval(CI) and inferences were drawn. It was observed that majority of the respondents(53.4%) knew that
weaning should be initiated by the age of 4-6 months but 52.7% initiated by this age.40.6% mothers preferred cow's milk for
weaning. It was also found out that the most common source of information on
weaning was the hospitals/MCH. Majority of respondents-had neutral attitude towards
weaning. Results from the Chi-square test also revealed some of the significant relationships, which were between education level and
weaning practice (X2=22.9,P=0.012,income and
weaning practice(X2=28.86,P=0.04,information &
weaning practice(X2=26.86,P=0.018), and knowledge and
weaning practice (X2=13.4,P=0.033). There was also an association between attitude and
weaning practice of respondents(X2=8.8,P=0.013).
It was concluded that most mothers have had some form of information on
weaning but few of them were practicing the correct
weaning practices. Majority of mothers had neutral attitude towards
weaning . It is recommended that all mothers should be educated about the basic principles of
weaning and the literacy rate should be increased. The health extension workers should also be trained about the
weaning guidelines.
Key words:
Weaning, Attitude, Knowledge, Practice,
Weaning foods.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bazie Mekonnen (BSc,MSc) (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Weaning; Attitude; Knowledge; Practice; Weaning foods
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APA (6th Edition):
ZEBENAY, W. (2014). ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF MOTHERS OF CHILDREN UNDER 2 YEARS OF AGE TOWARDS THE WEANING PROCESS, NORTH WEST ETHIOPIA, AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, EAST GOJJAM ZONE, AMANUEL TOWN, JUNE 2014
. (Thesis). Addis Ababa University. Retrieved from http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5669
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
ZEBENAY, WORKNEH. “ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF MOTHERS OF CHILDREN UNDER 2 YEARS OF AGE TOWARDS THE WEANING PROCESS, NORTH WEST ETHIOPIA, AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, EAST GOJJAM ZONE, AMANUEL TOWN, JUNE 2014
.” 2014. Thesis, Addis Ababa University. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5669.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
ZEBENAY, WORKNEH. “ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF MOTHERS OF CHILDREN UNDER 2 YEARS OF AGE TOWARDS THE WEANING PROCESS, NORTH WEST ETHIOPIA, AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, EAST GOJJAM ZONE, AMANUEL TOWN, JUNE 2014
.” 2014. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
ZEBENAY W. ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF MOTHERS OF CHILDREN UNDER 2 YEARS OF AGE TOWARDS THE WEANING PROCESS, NORTH WEST ETHIOPIA, AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, EAST GOJJAM ZONE, AMANUEL TOWN, JUNE 2014
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2014. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5669.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
ZEBENAY W. ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF MOTHERS OF CHILDREN UNDER 2 YEARS OF AGE TOWARDS THE WEANING PROCESS, NORTH WEST ETHIOPIA, AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, EAST GOJJAM ZONE, AMANUEL TOWN, JUNE 2014
. [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2014. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5669
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Technical University of Lisbon
2.
Nunes, Tiago Miguel Plácido.
Maneio dos leitões no período peri-desmame.
Degree: 2014, Technical University of Lisbon
URL: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/6896
► Dissertação de Mestrado em Medicina Veterinária
O desmame é uma das etapas mais complexas na produção suinícola e com mais influência nos resultados finais, sendo…
(more)
▼ Dissertação de Mestrado em Medicina Veterinária
O desmame é uma das etapas mais complexas na produção suinícola e com mais influência nos resultados finais, sendo relevante confrontar as diferentes opções de maneio nesta fase e o seu impacto no desempenho produtivo dos suínos.
Durante o período de seis meses acompanhou-se numa exploração o desmame de 13 grupos de leitões com idade próxima de quatro semanas e o desmame de um grupo com idade próxima das três semanas, totalizando 5874 leitões. Observaram-se ainda alguns desmames parciais que ocorreram em simultâneo. Os leitões foram reagrupados por tamanhos e a sua adaptação ao pós-desmame foi analisada recorrendo à observação visual de diferentes parâmetros: tamanho, aspeto, vivacidade, apetência, estado hígido e comportamentos associados ao stress.
Os leitões maiores e mais velhos demonstraram mais comportamentos agressivos mas uma melhor evolução no pós-desmame e uma maior facilidade de adaptação. Os leitões mais jovens exibiram mais comportamentos associados ao stress, mais problemas sanitários indicadores de uma menor capacidade imunitária, menor ingestão de alimento e, em geral, maior dificuldade de adaptação ao pós-desmame.
O recurso a desmames faseados proporcionou resultados que ficaram aquém das vantagens descritas na literatura.
Foi possível concluir que, mesmo perante condições confortáveis de pós-desmame, há vantagem no desmame às quatro semanas em relação ao desmame às três semanas, com reflexos evidentes no crescimento dos leitões.
ABSTRACT - Weaning is one of the most complex moments in pig production, having the highest impact on the final production results, becoming relevant to evaluate the different weaning options and its impact on pig’s performance.
During a six months period on a pig farm, the weaning of 13 groups of piglets at near four weeks of age and one other group around three weeks was followed, on the total of 5874 piglets. Some partial weanings that occurred simultaneously were also observed. The piglets were regrouped by sizes and their postweaning adaptation was assessed through visual observation of size, appearance, vigor, appetite, health status and behaviors associated with stress.
The biggest and oldest piglets showed a more aggressive behavior, but also a better postweaning performance and an easier adaptation to the new environment. The smallest and youngest piglets exhibited more behaviors associated with stress, more health problems indicating a less immune maturity, lower intake and, in general, a more difficult adaptation to postweaning.
Results of partial weanings were below those described in the literature.
It was possible to conclude that, even with confortable postweaning conditions, the four weeks old weaning showed better results than the three weeks old weaning, with clear reflexes on the piglets growth.
Advisors/Committee Members: Valadares, Nuno Manuel Cardoso, Caldeira, Rui Manuel de Vasconcelos e Horta.
Subjects/Keywords: Desmame; Idade ao desmame; Desmame parcial; Maneio; Leitão; Weaning; Weaning age; Partial weaning; Husbandry; Piglets
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APA (6th Edition):
Nunes, T. M. P. (2014). Maneio dos leitões no período peri-desmame. (Thesis). Technical University of Lisbon. Retrieved from http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/6896
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nunes, Tiago Miguel Plácido. “Maneio dos leitões no período peri-desmame.” 2014. Thesis, Technical University of Lisbon. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/6896.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nunes, Tiago Miguel Plácido. “Maneio dos leitões no período peri-desmame.” 2014. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Nunes TMP. Maneio dos leitões no período peri-desmame. [Internet] [Thesis]. Technical University of Lisbon; 2014. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/6896.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Nunes TMP. Maneio dos leitões no período peri-desmame. [Thesis]. Technical University of Lisbon; 2014. Available from: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/6896
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Alberta
3.
Laarman, Anne Hermen.
Ruminal acidosis in dairy calves during the weaning
transition.
Degree: MS, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional
Science, 2011, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/76537250d
► The goal of this research was to evaluate the effects of calf starter fermentation on rumen pH, metabolic adaptation of ruminal epithelia and growth of…
(more)
▼ The goal of this research was to evaluate the effects
of calf starter fermentation on rumen pH, metabolic adaptation of
ruminal epithelia and growth of calves during the weaning
transition. In study 1, calf starter consumption increased short
chain fatty acid concentration in the rumen and changed expression
of genes involved in ketogenesis and intracellular pH regulation
but did not affect rumen pH. In study 2, decreasing dietary starch
content did not increase rumen pH. However, feeding a calf starter
that had the highest in situ dry matter disappearance lowered rumen
pH without adversely affecting feed intake and growth of calves.
These findings suggest that rumen epithelium can metabolically
adapt to increased fermentation in the rumen at molecular level,
and that sub-acute rumen acidosis may not adversely affect feed
intake and productivity of dairy calves during the weaning
transition.
Subjects/Keywords: dairy calves; weaning; ruminal acidosis
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Laarman, A. H. (2011). Ruminal acidosis in dairy calves during the weaning
transition. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/76537250d
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Laarman, Anne Hermen. “Ruminal acidosis in dairy calves during the weaning
transition.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed January 23, 2020.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/76537250d.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Laarman, Anne Hermen. “Ruminal acidosis in dairy calves during the weaning
transition.” 2011. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Laarman AH. Ruminal acidosis in dairy calves during the weaning
transition. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2011. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/76537250d.
Council of Science Editors:
Laarman AH. Ruminal acidosis in dairy calves during the weaning
transition. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2011. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/76537250d
University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
4.
Adcock, Justin W.
Factors influencing cow performance and intake.
Degree: MS, 0002, 2011, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26072
► ABSTRACT FACTORS INFLUENCING COW PERFORMANCE AND INTAKE Two studies were conducted to determine how weaning system, residual feed intake (RFI), and residual average daily gain…
(more)
▼ ABSTRACT
FACTORS INFLUENCING COW PERFORMANCE AND INTAKE
Two studies were conducted to determine how
weaning system, residual feed intake
(RFI), and residual average daily gain (RADG) affect cow performance and intake. In Study 1, a
two-year study was conducted using Angus and Simmental X Angus heifers (n=114) to evaluate
how
weaning system (early
weaning (EW) vs. normal
weaning (NW)) affects cow-calf
performance and intake. All cows with male calves were early weaned at 130 d while cows with
female calves were normal weaned at 200 d. These animals were then evaluated for individual
intake at 60 d, 120 d, 180 d, and 240 d postpartum. Weigh-suckle-weigh (WSW) was used to
determine milk production for the lactating periods. BW, Hip height, body condition score
(BCS, 1-9 scale), and backfat via ultrasound were measured. No differences (P > 0.05) were
noted in the 60 and 120 d postpartum cow measurements, but calf BW did differ (P < 0.05) with
male calves being heaver. At 180 d postpartum cows with their offspring early-weaned had
increased (P < 0.05) BW (18.7 kg), BCS (0.29) and decreased DMI (1.23 kg). At 240 d
postpartum cows that had been early-weaned had an increased (P < 0.05) BW (30.5 kg), BCS
(0.31), and BF (0.22 cm). There were no differences (P > 0.05) in DMI or overall pregnancy
rate. Early
weaning can improve cow condition and decrease intake, allowing for increased
stocking rates. In Study 2, a two-year study was conducted using Angus and Simmental X
Angus heifers (n=114) to determine their residual feed intake (RFI) and residual average daily
gain (RADG) as yearlings using the GrowSafe® system. These animals were then evaluated for
individual intake at 60 d postpartum (lactating period) and 240 d postpartum (dry period). The
same measurements were taken as in Study 1. For the lactating period, correlations were: heifer
DMI and cow DMI (0.35), heifer RFI and cow DMI (0.20), heifer RFI and cow BW (-0.08),
iii
heifer RFI and cow hip height (0.02), heifer RFI and milk production (-0.09), heifer RADG and
cow DMI (-0.06), heifer RADG and cow BW (0.21), heifer RADG and cow hip height (0.25),
and heifer RADG and milk production (0.03). For the dry period correlations were: heifer DMI
and cow DMI (0.06), heifer RFI and cow DMI (0.29), heifer RFI and cow BW (0.00), heifer RFI
and cow hip height (-0.09), heifer RADG and cow DMI (-0.10), heifer RADG and cow BW
(0.23), and heifer RADG and cow hip height (0.31). Heifer RFI is correlated with cow intake
and thus can be used to help predict intake and efficiency without effecting performance.
Advisors/Committee Members: Faulkner, Dan B. (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: cow; efficiency; early weaning; intake
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APA (6th Edition):
Adcock, J. W. (2011). Factors influencing cow performance and intake. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26072
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Adcock, Justin W. “Factors influencing cow performance and intake.” 2011. Thesis, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26072.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Adcock, Justin W. “Factors influencing cow performance and intake.” 2011. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Adcock JW. Factors influencing cow performance and intake. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2011. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26072.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Adcock JW. Factors influencing cow performance and intake. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26072
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Montana State University
5.
Havens, Jessica Mary Evelyn.
Prenatal lactation counselor effect on breastfeeding duration for mothers at risk for early weaning.
Degree: College of Nursing, 2016, Montana State University
URL: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/9829
► The main objective of this project was to determine the effectiveness of a prenatal consult with a Certified Lactation Counselor (CLC) on breastfeeding duration for…
(more)
▼ The main objective of this project was to determine the effectiveness of a prenatal consult with a Certified Lactation Counselor (CLC) on breastfeeding duration for mothers at risk for early
weaning. We conducted a cohort study that utilized a blinded control trial design. Mothers were recruited from two large OBY/GYN clinics in the northwest United States, and participants were divided into a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group received the prenatal intervention which consisted of one consult with a CLC. The results of the study indicated that mothers with lower scores on the BAPT (Breastfeeding Attrition Prediction Tool) control section showed a slight trend for decreased breastfeeding intensity at eight weeks postpartum as measured by the Index of Breastfeeding Status (IBS). Experimental and control groups had similar patterns in BAPT scores and IBS rates at eight weeks. With the results in mind, the BAPT control section may be a useful tool for prenatal care providers to utilize to help identify mothers who are at high risk to not meet their breastfeeding goal. The results of this study neither support nor discourage the practice of referring high risk mothers to a lactation expert prenatally, but providers can consider this an option for providing additional breastfeeding education and support for their patients.
Advisors/Committee Members: Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Maria Wines (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Infants Weaning.; Lactation consultants.; Breastfeeding.
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APA (6th Edition):
Havens, J. M. E. (2016). Prenatal lactation counselor effect on breastfeeding duration for mothers at risk for early weaning. (Thesis). Montana State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/9829
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Havens, Jessica Mary Evelyn. “Prenatal lactation counselor effect on breastfeeding duration for mothers at risk for early weaning.” 2016. Thesis, Montana State University. Accessed January 23, 2020.
https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/9829.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Havens, Jessica Mary Evelyn. “Prenatal lactation counselor effect on breastfeeding duration for mothers at risk for early weaning.” 2016. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Havens JME. Prenatal lactation counselor effect on breastfeeding duration for mothers at risk for early weaning. [Internet] [Thesis]. Montana State University; 2016. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/9829.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Havens JME. Prenatal lactation counselor effect on breastfeeding duration for mothers at risk for early weaning. [Thesis]. Montana State University; 2016. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/9829
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Louisiana State University
6.
Anderson, Jake Everitt.
Effects of different weaning management strategies on preconditioning performance, haptoglobin serum levels, feedlot morbidity, and carcass characteristics.
Degree: MS, Animal Sciences, 2013, Louisiana State University
URL: etd-11152013-105431
;
https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/8
► Weaning, one of the first major stressors encountered by the calf, has a negative effect on the immune system and increases the likelihood of infection…
(more)
▼ Weaning, one of the first major stressors encountered by the calf, has a negative effect on the immune system and increases the likelihood of infection of novel pathogens such as those that cause bovine respiratory disease. Fenceline contact at weaning has been shown to reduce the stress on the calf during the time following maternal separation. Preconditioning programs have been shown to reduce feedlot morbidity and mortality. Combining these two management practices could reduce the length of time calves need to be held in a preconditioning program. A multi-year study was conducted to evaluate if fenceline weaning will allow for a 21-d preconditioning (PRECON) period rather than a 45-d PRECON period. Two-hundred ninety-one cross-bred steer calves from two locations (Central Research Station, Baton Rouge, LA and Hill Farm Research Station, Homer, LA) were used over a two-year period. Both locations were managed independently following the same protocol. Each year, calves were stratified by BW into four treatments: 1. fenceline weaned, PRECON 21 days (FL21); 2. fenceline weaned, PRECON 42 days (FL42); 3. abrupt weaned, PRECON 21 days (S21); and 4. abrupt weaned, PRECON 42 days (S42). Calf was the experimental unit. After the initial 7 d weaning period, all calves were placed on pasture for the assigned PRECON treatment. Calves were fed an 18% CP commercial preconditioning ration at 1.5% of BW during the entire PRECON treatment period. Weight change and ADG were not different (P > 0.05) between all treatments during this period. Steers were transported to and managed by a commercial feedlot in Guymon, OK, until harvest. Morbidity and mortality during the feedlot period were not different (P > 0.05). Entry weight and ADG were not different between treatments, but FL42 and S42 calves were heavier (P = 0.005) and were on feed longer (P < 0.0001) than FL21 and S21 calves. Heavier HCW (P = 0.005) and greater backfat (P = 0.001) were observed in FL42 and S42, but YG, marbling score, and LM area were not different among treatments. These results are indicative that fenceline weaning does not aid in shortening the preconditioning period, and further research is needed to validate these findings.
Subjects/Keywords: cattle; weaning management; preconditioning
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APA (6th Edition):
Anderson, J. E. (2013). Effects of different weaning management strategies on preconditioning performance, haptoglobin serum levels, feedlot morbidity, and carcass characteristics. (Masters Thesis). Louisiana State University. Retrieved from etd-11152013-105431 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/8
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Anderson, Jake Everitt. “Effects of different weaning management strategies on preconditioning performance, haptoglobin serum levels, feedlot morbidity, and carcass characteristics.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Louisiana State University. Accessed January 23, 2020.
etd-11152013-105431 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/8.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Anderson, Jake Everitt. “Effects of different weaning management strategies on preconditioning performance, haptoglobin serum levels, feedlot morbidity, and carcass characteristics.” 2013. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Anderson JE. Effects of different weaning management strategies on preconditioning performance, haptoglobin serum levels, feedlot morbidity, and carcass characteristics. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Louisiana State University; 2013. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: etd-11152013-105431 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/8.
Council of Science Editors:
Anderson JE. Effects of different weaning management strategies on preconditioning performance, haptoglobin serum levels, feedlot morbidity, and carcass characteristics. [Masters Thesis]. Louisiana State University; 2013. Available from: etd-11152013-105431 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/8
Clemson University
7.
Tipton, Jessie Elizabeth.
Nutritional Interventions During Late Gestation and at Weaning to Improve Beef Cattle Performance and Carcass Quality.
Degree: MS, Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2018, Clemson University
URL: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2886
► Late gestation and post-weaning are two critical periods a calf needs to receive proper nutrition to insure adequate growth for the rest of the animal’s…
(more)
▼ Late gestation and post-
weaning are two critical periods a calf needs to receive proper nutrition to insure adequate growth for the rest of the animal’s lifespan. Supplementation at these critical time points may be necessary in order to meet nutritional requirements. The objectives of this research were to 1) assess the performance and endocrine regulation of 15 mo old heifers born to dams who were nutrient restricted with or without protein supplementation during the last 100 d of gestation (NRS and NR, respectively) and 2) determine the effects of
weaning age, lipid supplementation, and days on lipid supplement on growth, circulating metabolites, and marbling in young steers. In the first study, dams producing heifer calves were either fed to meet requirements (CON), fed to reduced BCS by 1.2 (NR) or fed to reduce BCS by 1.2 and supplemented with protein 3 d/wk (NRS). At 15 mo of age, heifer offspring were subjected to a 10 wk feeding trial in which blood samples and BW were collected bi-weekly. At the end of feeding, 21 randomly subsampled heifers were subjected to an intravenous glucose tolerance test
(IVGTT). Heifers born to NR dams experienced altered appetite and endocrine regulation compared with heifers born to CON dams. This study indicated that protein supplementation in dams experiencing NR during the last 100 d of gestation may abate the negative effects associated with DMI and glucose regulation because NR heifers experienced increased DMI and signs of insulin resistance whereas NRS heifers exhibited DMI and glucose regulation similar to that of CON heifers. In the second study, steers were either early-weaned 150 ± 11 d of age (EW) or traditionally weaned at 210 ± 11 d of age (TW) and assigned to either a rumen-bypass lipid treatment (RBL) or an isocaloric, isonitrogenous corn gluten feed treatment ration (CGF). Within each treatment, steers were fed for a duration of either 45 or 90 d. Body weight and blood samples were collected on d 0, 22, 45, 66, and 90. Following the end of treatment steers were harvested at a commercial processing plant where carcass measurements were obtained. Steaks from each animal were used for proximate analysis. Circulating metabolites, marbling content, and specific as well as total fatty acid concentrations were increased in RBL steers compared to CGF steers. Overall, our results indicate that supplementation during late gestation and at
weaning improves animal performance and could improve the efficiency of production.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Nathan M. Long, Committee Chair, Dr. Scott L. Pratt, Dr. Gary M. Hill.
Subjects/Keywords: Beef Cattle; Growth; Nutrition; Weaning
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APA (6th Edition):
Tipton, J. E. (2018). Nutritional Interventions During Late Gestation and at Weaning to Improve Beef Cattle Performance and Carcass Quality. (Masters Thesis). Clemson University. Retrieved from https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2886
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Tipton, Jessie Elizabeth. “Nutritional Interventions During Late Gestation and at Weaning to Improve Beef Cattle Performance and Carcass Quality.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Clemson University. Accessed January 23, 2020.
https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2886.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Tipton, Jessie Elizabeth. “Nutritional Interventions During Late Gestation and at Weaning to Improve Beef Cattle Performance and Carcass Quality.” 2018. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Tipton JE. Nutritional Interventions During Late Gestation and at Weaning to Improve Beef Cattle Performance and Carcass Quality. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Clemson University; 2018. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2886.
Council of Science Editors:
Tipton JE. Nutritional Interventions During Late Gestation and at Weaning to Improve Beef Cattle Performance and Carcass Quality. [Masters Thesis]. Clemson University; 2018. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2886
McMaster University
8.
Smith, Taylor.
Individual breastfeeding and weaning histories in a 19th century Spanish sample using stable isotope analysis of incremental dentine sections.
Degree: MA, 2018, McMaster University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/24238
► Through stable isotope analysis of human tooth dentine, this thesis investigates breastfeeding and weaning patterns in relation to rickets in a sample of sub-adults (n=12)…
(more)
▼ Through stable isotope analysis of human tooth dentine, this thesis investigates breastfeeding and weaning patterns in relation to rickets in a sample of sub-adults (n=12) interred in the nineteenth century sub-adult cemetery located at the Church of the Trinitarias in Madrid, Spain. The main objectives of this research are to create early life feeding histories for each individual using dentine serial sectioning techniques and apply these histories to investigate the relationship between breastfeeding, weaning, and vitamin D deficiency. The early life feeding histories allows for the determination of the onset and complete age of weaning at an individual level. These stable isotope data are then used to estimate general trends in breastfeeding and weaning practices in nineteenth century Spain. The results of this study indicate that the onset age of weaning for most of the individuals in this sample was between 10 and 14 months of age. The age at which breastmilk consumption stopped entirely was more difficult to estimate, however, in individuals that did show evidence of completed weaning, it was estimated to occur around the age of three. These ages are slightly higher than those discussed in historical sources for nineteenth century Spain. When these results are compared to contemporaneous, more industrialized, European countries the comparison shows that the initialization of weaning occurred slightly later and was a more gradual process in this Spanish sample. The results also demonstrate that there is no direct relationship between weaning patterns and the occurrence of skeletal vitamin D deficiency. It may be that the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is linked with the nuances of breastfeeding and other biocultural variables, such as a lack of sun exposure, an inadequate weaning diet, or childcare practices.
Thesis
Master of Arts (MA)
Advisors/Committee Members: Prowse, Tracy, Anthropology.
Subjects/Keywords: Weaning; Breastfeeding; Paleopathology; Stable Isotopes
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APA (6th Edition):
Smith, T. (2018). Individual breastfeeding and weaning histories in a 19th century Spanish sample using stable isotope analysis of incremental dentine sections. (Masters Thesis). McMaster University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11375/24238
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Smith, Taylor. “Individual breastfeeding and weaning histories in a 19th century Spanish sample using stable isotope analysis of incremental dentine sections.” 2018. Masters Thesis, McMaster University. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/11375/24238.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Smith, Taylor. “Individual breastfeeding and weaning histories in a 19th century Spanish sample using stable isotope analysis of incremental dentine sections.” 2018. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Smith T. Individual breastfeeding and weaning histories in a 19th century Spanish sample using stable isotope analysis of incremental dentine sections. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. McMaster University; 2018. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/24238.
Council of Science Editors:
Smith T. Individual breastfeeding and weaning histories in a 19th century Spanish sample using stable isotope analysis of incremental dentine sections. [Masters Thesis]. McMaster University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/24238
University of Manitoba
9.
Gigiel, Agnieszka.
Utilization of electrolytes to encourage early feed and water consumption in newly weaned piglets.
Degree: Animal Science, 2010, University of Manitoba
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4223
► Four experiments were conducted to determine a management strategy for providing effective electrolyte concentrations in the drinking water of newly weaned piglets to encourage early…
(more)
▼ Four experiments were conducted to determine a management strategy for providing effective electrolyte concentrations in the drinking water of newly weaned piglets to encourage early fluid and feed intake [
weaning age=19±1 d, n=360]. In Exp. 1, electrolytes (Vetoquinol, QC, Canada) were provided at the label dose of 60 ml/L of water for 0, 6, 12, 18 or 24 h on d1-d3. In Exp. 2, electrolytes were given ad lib at 100, 75, 50, 25 or 12.5 % of the label dose on d1-d3 (72 h). In Exp. 3, electrolytes, at the label dose, or water (control) were given ad lib on d1, d1 and d2, d1-d3, or d1 and d3. In Exp. 4, based on the results of the previous experiments, the most effective combinations of "hours/concentration/days"(12 h of 25 % or 50 % on d1 or alternate days) were tested. All piglets had water ad lib from d4-d14. In Exp. 1, higher feed disappearance was observed in the 0, 6 and 12 h/d than 18 h/d and 24 h/d electrolyte groups (P<0.05). In Exp. 2, by d14 piglets in the 12.5, 50, 75, and 100 % groups experienced lower weight gain and daily FI than those in the 25 % group (P<0.05). In Exp. 3, piglets that received electrolytes on d1 only had comparable FI to those in the water group (respectively; 64.55 g/pig/day vs. 75.59 g/pig/day; SEM=8.61). Overall, evidence indicated that weanlings tended to benefit from electrolyte administration at 25 % of the label dose and durational period of ≤ 12 h/d. However, in Exp. 4 testing neither 25 % or 50 % concentration for 12 h/d result in improved daily FI despite the increased FLI in groups given electrolytes on alternate days. The results suggest that high electrolyte intake occurred at the expense of feed intake.
Advisors/Committee Members: Connor, Laurie (Animal Science) (supervisor), Crow, Gary (Animal Science).
Subjects/Keywords: piglets; post-weaning; behaviour; electrolytes
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APA (6th Edition):
Gigiel, A. (2010). Utilization of electrolytes to encourage early feed and water consumption in newly weaned piglets. (Masters Thesis). University of Manitoba. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4223
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gigiel, Agnieszka. “Utilization of electrolytes to encourage early feed and water consumption in newly weaned piglets.” 2010. Masters Thesis, University of Manitoba. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4223.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gigiel, Agnieszka. “Utilization of electrolytes to encourage early feed and water consumption in newly weaned piglets.” 2010. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Gigiel A. Utilization of electrolytes to encourage early feed and water consumption in newly weaned piglets. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2010. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4223.
Council of Science Editors:
Gigiel A. Utilization of electrolytes to encourage early feed and water consumption in newly weaned piglets. [Masters Thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4223
University of Arizona
10.
Khan, Shahida.
Traumatically Injured Patients with Positive Toxicology Screening and Ability to Wean from Mechanical Ventilation
.
Degree: 2017, University of Arizona
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623023
► Background: The adverse effects of mechanical ventilation (MV) are a major health concern associated with poor outcomes and economic burden. Some populations, such as those…
(more)
▼ Background: The adverse effects of mechanical ventilation (MV) are a major health concern associated with poor outcomes and economic burden. Some populations, such as those requiring more than one attempt at the gradual removal of MV (
weaning), are at risk for longer duration of MV and associated complications. Traumatically injured patients have a higher prevalence of positive illicit drug toxicology then the general population. The traumatically injured, positive for illicit drugs who requires MV, may experience the sequelae of withdrawal syndrome and violate the thresholds that allow
weaning, leading to longer durations MV. Methods: A retrospective descriptive analysis of a convenience sample of 52 adult trauma patients from SJHMC admitted between January 1 to December 31, 2014 who presented positive for illicit drugs and required mechanical ventilation. This sample was analyzed to: 1) describe the characteristics of this specific sample, 2) determine the prevalence of a difficult-to-wean subsample, 3) describe the characteristics of this sample during
weaning attempts, and 4) determine if the existing
weaning protocol necessitates amending. Results: Samples ability to wean; 78.8% (n=41) simple
weaning; 15.38% (n=8) difficult
weaning; and 5.77% (n=3) prolonged. Zero cases of adverse effects of MV or withdrawal syndrome detected. There was no correlation between stimulant and/or depressant and ability to wean (p=0.662). There was no relationship between injury severity score (ISS) and
weaning group (p=0.762). Characteristics identified included; male to female ratio 4:1 and majority with ISS score>24. Variables within
weaning protocol were missing 25-84% of data. Conclusion: The ability to wean MV in this sample is similar to what is reported in the general population, suggesting that they are not at risk for difficult
weaning or prolonged MV. This sample’s majority was comprised of more traumatically complex, young males than found in the general trauma population. Investigators were unable to analyze or amend the current protocol because of the large amounts of missing data indicating possible gaps in adherence and/or documentation. To our knowledge, this is the first project that describes ability to wean in the traumatically injured positive for illicit drug.
Advisors/Committee Members: Rigney, Theodore S (advisor), Rigney, Theodore S. (committeemember), Gallek, Matthew J. (committeemember), Torabi, Sarah A. (committeemember).
Subjects/Keywords: Mechanical ventilation;
Positive toxicology;
Traumatically injured;
Weaning;
Weaning ability;
Illicit drugs
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APA (6th Edition):
Khan, S. (2017). Traumatically Injured Patients with Positive Toxicology Screening and Ability to Wean from Mechanical Ventilation
. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623023
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Khan, Shahida. “Traumatically Injured Patients with Positive Toxicology Screening and Ability to Wean from Mechanical Ventilation
.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623023.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Khan, Shahida. “Traumatically Injured Patients with Positive Toxicology Screening and Ability to Wean from Mechanical Ventilation
.” 2017. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Khan S. Traumatically Injured Patients with Positive Toxicology Screening and Ability to Wean from Mechanical Ventilation
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2017. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623023.
Council of Science Editors:
Khan S. Traumatically Injured Patients with Positive Toxicology Screening and Ability to Wean from Mechanical Ventilation
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623023
University of Tennessee – Knoxville
11.
Savage, Gregory Edward.
Net Returns to Alternative Weaning Dates in Beef Cow-Calf Operations.
Degree: MS, Agricultural Economics, 2010, University of Tennessee – Knoxville
URL: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/678
► There is sparse research literature in agricultural economics regarding early weaning as a potential alternative production/marketing strategy. The objective of this research is to estimate…
(more)
▼ There is sparse research literature in agricultural economics regarding early
weaning as a potential alternative production/marketing strategy. The objective of this research is to estimate and analyze the impacts on net returns of alternative
weaning dates for Tennessee cow-calf operations including alternative post-
weaning treatments for calves.
The Decision Evaluator for the Cattle Industry (DECI) simulation program was used for this study to produce outputs such as calf numbers, gender, and weights, other output including cow weights and body condition score, both at calving and at
weaning, and pregnancy percentages. Forty-two simulations were run for average and summer drought weather,
weaning at an average age of 135, 165, 195, 225, 255, and 285 days and selling at
weaning or after a 60 or 90-day drylot backgrounding period. Prices for steers, heifers, and culled cows from 1995-2008 were taken from market reports. Costs were derived from University of Tennessee Extension Beef and Forage Budgets and USDA-NASS. The outputs from DECI were combined with prices to result in total revenues. Subtracting the costs of feed, interest, veterinary and medical, and marketing resulted in return to land, labor, management, and risk to the enterprise.
The results of this study revealed that under average weather conditions in East Tennessee, marketing at
weaning in November yielded the highest net return.
Weaning in August and backgrounding for 60 days yielded the lowest net return with the base 90-cow herd.
Under summer drought conditions, marketing at
weaning in August resulted in the highest net return.
Weaning in November and marketing after a 90-day backgrounding period yielded the lowest net return.
Under the conditions used in this study, the only time early
weaning makes economic sense is when herd size is increased for June or July
weaning or under drought conditions when August (195 days)
weaning and sale is optimal. Several limitations of this study imply that additional research is required on this topic before definite conclusions can be drawn.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dan L. McLemore, Emmit L. Rawls, John C. Waller, James A. Larson.
Subjects/Keywords: Alternative Weaning calves; Early Weaning calves; Net Returns; Cow-calf operations
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APA (6th Edition):
Savage, G. E. (2010). Net Returns to Alternative Weaning Dates in Beef Cow-Calf Operations. (Thesis). University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Retrieved from https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/678
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Savage, Gregory Edward. “Net Returns to Alternative Weaning Dates in Beef Cow-Calf Operations.” 2010. Thesis, University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Accessed January 23, 2020.
https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/678.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Savage, Gregory Edward. “Net Returns to Alternative Weaning Dates in Beef Cow-Calf Operations.” 2010. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Savage GE. Net Returns to Alternative Weaning Dates in Beef Cow-Calf Operations. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2010. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/678.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Savage GE. Net Returns to Alternative Weaning Dates in Beef Cow-Calf Operations. [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2010. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/678
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet
12.
Hallén, Katarina.
Isocapnic hyperventilation in anaesthesia practice. Clinical and experimental studies.
Degree: 2018, University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/54193
► Abstract Background: Isocapnic hyperventilation (IHV) has been shown to shorten recovery time after volatile anaesthesia by accelerating elimination of inhalational agents by increasing minute ventilation…
(more)
▼ Abstract
Background: Isocapnic hyperventilation (IHV) has been shown to shorten recovery time after volatile anaesthesia by accelerating elimination of inhalational agents by increasing minute ventilation while maintaining normal carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. It has also been shown that IHV reduces time spent in postoperative care units (PACUs). There are several principally different ways to maintain the CO2 level during hyperventilation but IHV methods currently in clinical use has unfortunately not reached wider clinical implementation. The original method of directly adding CO2 to the breathing circuit of the anaesthesia apparatus during hyperventilation was abandoned in the 1980ies, partly due to development of short acting anaesthetic agents and partly due to the risk of hypercapnia associated with this procedure. Thus, this particular IHV-method has not been studied to a great extent since then, although a considerable technical development of anaesthesia delivery systems and methods for monitoring airway gas concentrations have taken place in the last 30 years.
Aims: The aims of the present thesis were: 1) to investigate if a method of adding CO2 directly into the breathing circuit using standard monitoring equipment and mechanical hyperventilation, provides effective and safe isocapnic hyperventilation, 2) to quantify the amount of delivered CO2 and to construct a nomogram for CO2 delivery during isocapnic hyperventilation at various physiological conditions, 3) to assess whether elimination of volatile anaesthetics can be accelerated using this IHV method, 4) to evaluate the clinical feasibility of this IHV method, 5) to compare the perioperative outcome for this IHV method to a routine wake-up method in a two-armed randomized study
Methods: Studies were performed in a mechanical lung model with simulated metabolism, in an experimental porcine model and in patients undergoing major head and neck surgery. A standard breathing circuit with a 450-ml CO2-mixing box connected to the inspiratory limb was used. A CO2 bottle was connected to the mixing box. CO2 flow was manually regulated by a high precision mechanical flow meter, dosed according to a nomogram during a standardized hyperventilation procedure using mechanical ventilation. The expired (FETCO2) and inspired (FICO2) fraction of CO2 values provided by the standard monitoring equipment, were used to monitor CO2-levels, also confirmed by arterial blood samples. Electric impedance tomography (EIT) was used in the porcine study for monitoring lung volume changes during hyperventilation. In the clinical studies, the end-points were time to extubation, eye-opening and time to discharge from the operation room (OR) as well as postoperative measurements of pain, nausea and cognition according to the Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale (PQRS).
Results: In a bench study, we established a nomogram for CO2 delivery when base-line minute ventilation was doubled, to achieve IHV. In an animal experiment, the method proved to increase the elimination rate of…
Subjects/Keywords: hypercapnia; hyperventilation; hypocapnia; electric impedance tomography; weaning; ventilator weaning; recovery period
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APA (6th Edition):
Hallén, K. (2018). Isocapnic hyperventilation in anaesthesia practice. Clinical and experimental studies. (Thesis). University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2077/54193
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hallén, Katarina. “Isocapnic hyperventilation in anaesthesia practice. Clinical and experimental studies.” 2018. Thesis, University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/2077/54193.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hallén, Katarina. “Isocapnic hyperventilation in anaesthesia practice. Clinical and experimental studies.” 2018. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Hallén K. Isocapnic hyperventilation in anaesthesia practice. Clinical and experimental studies. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet; 2018. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/54193.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Hallén K. Isocapnic hyperventilation in anaesthesia practice. Clinical and experimental studies. [Thesis]. University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/54193
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
13.
Thomsson, Annica.
Weaning of pigs.
Degree: 2008, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
URL: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/1714/
► Post weaning diarrhoea is a common problem in pig production. The causes are multifactorial, but most often associated with infection of pathogenic strains of Escherichia…
(more)
▼ Post weaning diarrhoea is a common problem in pig production. The causes are multifactorial, but most often associated with infection of pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli in the small intestine. The aim of these studies was to investigate some of the physiological and managemental factors involved at weaning. The lectin phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) is known for its growth promoting properties from studies on suckling rats and pigs. The hypothesis was that enteral exposure would induce precocious maturation, leading to a gastrointestinal (GI) tract better prepared for weaning. PHA-treated pigs grew slower during the treatment week before weaning, and in one of the two studies presented here; the PHA-treated pigs had a higher body weight (BW) gain than the control pigs in the week immediately following weaning. PHA treatment resulted in lower diarrhoea scores, a more beneficial feeding pattern and a tendency to greater feed intake. Effects on physiological parameters were shown, with a lower uptake of marker molecules, and a more adult disaccharidase pattern in PHA-treated pigs. No differences were found regarding immunological status, weight and length of the intestinal organs, the pancreatic enzyme activities or feed conversion ratio. It was investigated how pigs of different relative size (small, medium and large) in a group of 10 pigs were affected by receiving feed from a feed dispenser with 2 feeding places per pen, or from a trough where all pigs could eat at the same time. Also, comparisons were made between keeping pigs as unmixed litters staying in their farrowing pen after weaning, or mixing and moving them to a new pen on the day of weaning. Trough feeding resulted in lower diarrhoea scores for the small and large pigs, and higher scores for the medium pigs. All size categories had longer feeding bouts when fed at a trough, and longer total feeding times on day 1 (small pigs) and 5 (large pigs) after weaning. The feed conversion ratio was lower during the second week after weaning for the pigs fed from feed dispensers. The mixing and moving procedure resulted in lower BW gain compared to that of pigs weaned as whole litters, which was most pronounced in small pigs. Mixed and moved pigs also had lower feed intakes and higher diarrhoea scores (small and large pigs).
Subjects/Keywords: swine; piglets; weaning; weaning feeds; postweaning period; weaning weight; lectins; feed dispensers; diarrhoea; pig; weaning; body weight gain; feeding behaviour; post weaning diarrhoea; maturity; lectin; feed dispenser; trough; mixing
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APA (6th Edition):
Thomsson, A. (2008). Weaning of pigs. (Doctoral Dissertation). Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Retrieved from http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/1714/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Thomsson, Annica. “Weaning of pigs.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/1714/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Thomsson, Annica. “Weaning of pigs.” 2008. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Thomsson A. Weaning of pigs. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 2008. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/1714/.
Council of Science Editors:
Thomsson A. Weaning of pigs. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 2008. Available from: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/1714/
University of Florida
14.
Moriel, Philipe.
Long-Term Effects of Metabolic Imprinting and Calf Management Systems following Early-Weaning on Growth and Reproductive Performance of Beef Calves.
Degree: PhD, Animal Sciences, 2013, University of Florida
URL: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0045739
► Two 2-yr experiments evaluated the long-term effects of metabolic imprinting and different nutritional management systems for EW beef calves (Bos spp.). Experiment 1 evaluated the…
(more)
▼ Two 2-yr experiments evaluated the long-term effects of metabolic imprinting and different nutritional management systems for EW beef calves (Bos spp.). Experiment 1 evaluated the growth performance, carcass characteristics and muscle gene expression of beef steers, while experiment 2 evaluated the liver gene expression, growth and reproductive performance of beef heifers. In both experiments, calves were normally weaned (NW) at 250 d of age (d 180), or early-weaned (EW) at 70 d of age (d 0) and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 EW calf management systems: 1) EW and limit-fed a high-concentrate diet in drylot for at least 180 d; 2) EW and limit-fed a high-concentrate diet in drylot for 90 d, then bahiagrass grazing until the time of NW (d 180); and 3) EW and ryegrass grazing for 60 to 90 d, then bahiagrass grazing until the time of NW. Experiment 1 demonstrated that overall growth performance of EW steers was similar or greater than NW steers. Early-weaned calves provided a high-concentrate diet in drylot for at least 90 d had greater body weight at the time of NW, and enhanced growth performance during the first 28 d of the finishing phase, when compared to NW and EW steers grazing annual ryegrass pastures. Also, feeding a high-concentrate diet to EW steers for at least 90 d enhanced plasma concentrations of IGF-1, and the expression of genes associated with growth (muscle IGF-1 receptor and paired box gene 7) and adipose tissue formation (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ?). However, early-exposure to high-concentrate diets did not affect the overall carcass characteristics and marbling scores of steers slaughtered at a common backfat thickness. Experiment 2 demonstrated that EW heifers provided a high-concentrate diet for at least 90 d in drylot and EW heifers grazed on ryegrass pastures, had similar or greater growth performance than NW heifers. Furthermore, it provided evidence that early-exposure to a high-concentrate diet lead to metabolic imprinting effects, such as altered liver IGF-1 expression (during periods of similar nutritional management) and early puberty achievement of Bos indicus-influenced beef heifers. Calf
weaning at the onset of the breeding season enhanced cow growth performance, and tended to enhance reproductive performance of multiparous cows. ( en )
Advisors/Committee Members: Arthington, John David (committee chair), Hersom, Matthew J (committee member), Johnson, Sally E (committee member), Vendramini, Joao Mauricio Bueno (committee member), Gerrard, David E (committee member), Mccann, Mark (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Beef; Calves; Cattle; Early weaning; Heifers; Messenger RNA; Pastures; Plasmas; Puberty; Weaning; early-weaning – heifers – imprinting – metabolic – steers
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APA (6th Edition):
Moriel, P. (2013). Long-Term Effects of Metabolic Imprinting and Calf Management Systems following Early-Weaning on Growth and Reproductive Performance of Beef Calves. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Florida. Retrieved from http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0045739
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Moriel, Philipe. “Long-Term Effects of Metabolic Imprinting and Calf Management Systems following Early-Weaning on Growth and Reproductive Performance of Beef Calves.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Florida. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0045739.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Moriel, Philipe. “Long-Term Effects of Metabolic Imprinting and Calf Management Systems following Early-Weaning on Growth and Reproductive Performance of Beef Calves.” 2013. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Moriel P. Long-Term Effects of Metabolic Imprinting and Calf Management Systems following Early-Weaning on Growth and Reproductive Performance of Beef Calves. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Florida; 2013. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0045739.
Council of Science Editors:
Moriel P. Long-Term Effects of Metabolic Imprinting and Calf Management Systems following Early-Weaning on Growth and Reproductive Performance of Beef Calves. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Florida; 2013. Available from: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0045739
University of South Africa
15.
Waterson, Emily Aletta.
Weaning practices and some problems encountered by breast-feeding mothers.
Degree: 1996, University of South Africa
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17847
► The purpose of the study was to determine if mothers who breast-feed their babies for nine months and longer experience problems when weaning. This research…
(more)
▼ The purpose of the study was to determine if mothers who breast-feed their babies for nine months and longer experience problems when
weaning. This research also determines the type of problems and
weaning practices used by those mothers. In this descriptive study, data was collected from 150 mothers by means of questionnaires and interviews. The subjects were mothers who breast-fed their children for nine months or longer, who attended antenatal and postnatal clinics at Coronation Hospital. Reasons for
weaning were inter alia the belief that the baby was old enough to be weaned. The results revealed that 42 (31,34%) of the respondents experienced problems during
weaning. The problems included, among others, guilt feelings in the mother. Mothers use harsh methods of
weaning such as sending a child away to a relative. There is minimal involvement of health workers in the health education of mothers on
weaning.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dreyer, Marie (advisor), Swanepoel, Trinette (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Breast-feeding; Weaning; Weaning practices; Health education on weaning
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APA (6th Edition):
Waterson, E. A. (1996). Weaning practices and some problems encountered by breast-feeding mothers. (Masters Thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17847
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Waterson, Emily Aletta. “Weaning practices and some problems encountered by breast-feeding mothers.” 1996. Masters Thesis, University of South Africa. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17847.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Waterson, Emily Aletta. “Weaning practices and some problems encountered by breast-feeding mothers.” 1996. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Waterson EA. Weaning practices and some problems encountered by breast-feeding mothers. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of South Africa; 1996. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17847.
Council of Science Editors:
Waterson EA. Weaning practices and some problems encountered by breast-feeding mothers. [Masters Thesis]. University of South Africa; 1996. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17847
University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
16.
Granger, Kyle L.
A pilot study on the effects of sow management practices on piglet immune responsiveness to weaning stress.
Degree: MS, Animal Sciences, 2016, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/95266
► The consequences of maternal prenatal stress exposure of the gestating sow on the developing immune system of her offspring is not well understood. There is…
(more)
▼ The consequences of maternal prenatal stress exposure of the gestating sow on the developing immune system of her offspring is not well understood. There is limited data that primarily focuses on the health and well-being of the neonates of livestock animals, principally within the swine industry, in relation to the presence of unavoidable production stressors, including—but not limited to—
weaning, mixing and social hierarchy. Each of the aforementioned stressors has been previously shown to affect the health, well-being, performance and productivity of sows as well as exacerbate the disease process by compromising the immune system. Thus, more information is needed to elucidate the complex relationship between prenatal stressors and postnatal immunological competence of the offspring. The objective of this thesis was to assess the effects of sow housing environment, social stress, and dietary fiber treatments during gestation on the immune and stress responsiveness of their progeny to
weaning stress. Piglets were obtained from a larger-scale study of a 180 group-housed gestating sows. Briefly, sows were randomly allotted to 1 of 2 high fiber gestation diets (1) 30% wheat middlings and 15% soybean hulls (MID-SOY) or 30% distillers dried grains and 30% corn germ meal (DDG-GM) and to a group pen with feeding stalls of either 0.6 m (SHT) or 1.8 m (LNG) in length. Sows were fed dietary treatments starting on gestational d 35 and then moved to treatment pens at gestational d 37 and kept until d 104. On d 37, prior to moving into their experimental pens, a subsample of sows were subjected to a dominance test by which we determined a dominance value (DV). Those sows with a high DV were labeled dominant (DOM) and those with a low DV were labeled submissive (SUB). From both the larger study and the subsample of sows, 40-42 piglets were selected (balanced across treatments) based on body weight prior to
weaning, with the two heaviest and two lightest piglets from each litter being used. All piglets were weaned at 19 ± 2 d-of-age. Blood samples were taken 24h prior to
weaning, and then 7 and 14 days post-
weaning to assess descriptive and functional aspects of both innate and adaptive immunity and cortisol. These data revealed that piglets weaned from sows fed MID-SOY during gestation had a profile indicative of a skewed TH1 (cell-mediated) response, while piglets weaned from sows fed DDG-GM diet were skewed toward TH2 (humoral) response. Piglets from sows housed in pens with LNG feeding stalls were better able to cope with
weaning stress compared to those piglets from sows housed in pens with SHT. Moreover, sow social status differentially impact piglet immune responsiveness to
weaning stress. Piglets weaned from SUB sows had a greater cell-mediated immune response which may have cost them in terms of performance because piglets from DOM sows had improved performance. These results show that: (1) feeding gestating sows high fiber diets can impact the development and growth of her offspring; (2) physical environment of gestating…
Advisors/Committee Members: Salak-Johnson, Janeen L (advisor), Gaskins, Rex (committee member), Dailey, Megan J (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: adaptive immunity; gestation; innate immunity; piglet; weaning
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APA (6th Edition):
Granger, K. L. (2016). A pilot study on the effects of sow management practices on piglet immune responsiveness to weaning stress. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/95266
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Granger, Kyle L. “A pilot study on the effects of sow management practices on piglet immune responsiveness to weaning stress.” 2016. Thesis, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/95266.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Granger, Kyle L. “A pilot study on the effects of sow management practices on piglet immune responsiveness to weaning stress.” 2016. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Granger KL. A pilot study on the effects of sow management practices on piglet immune responsiveness to weaning stress. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2016. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/95266.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Granger KL. A pilot study on the effects of sow management practices on piglet immune responsiveness to weaning stress. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/95266
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
North Carolina State University
17.
English, Elizabeth Anne.
Lactoferrin Supplementation to Holstein Calves During the Preweaning and Postweaning Phases.
Degree: MS, Nutrition, 2007, North Carolina State University
URL: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/1496
► Sixty Holstein calves (30 bulls, 30 heifers) were used to examine the effects of supplemental lactoferrin on feed intake, growth, and health during the preweaning…
(more)
▼ Sixty Holstein calves (30 bulls, 30 heifers) were used to examine the effects of supplemental lactoferrin on feed intake, growth, and health during the preweaning and postweaning periods. One of three levels of lactoferrin was added to whole milk in order to produce three dietary treatments: 1.) 0 g⁄d, 2.) 0.5 g⁄d, 3.) 1 g⁄d. Milk (3.8 L⁄d) was fed from bottles until
weaning at 35 days. From days 36 to 56, lactoferrin supplements were added to water (15-25 mL) and fed from bottles. Lactoferrin supplementation did not have any significant effect on feed intake, body weight, average daily gain, heart girth, body temperature, fecal scores, respiratory scores, or haptoglobin concentrations. Calves were housed in individual pens in either an open-sided barn or hutches. Calves raised in the barn consumed more calf starter and therefore grew better than calves raised in hutches. In this study, lactoferrin supplementation was not beneficial. Further research is needed to fully elucidate lactoferrin's effects in whole milk as well as its role when fed postweaning.
Advisors/Committee Members: Geof Smith, Committee Member (advisor), Lon Whitlow, Committee Co-Chair (advisor), Brinton Hopkins, Committee Co-Chair (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: calves; lactoferrin; weaning
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APA (6th Edition):
English, E. A. (2007). Lactoferrin Supplementation to Holstein Calves During the Preweaning and Postweaning Phases. (Thesis). North Carolina State University. Retrieved from http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/1496
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
English, Elizabeth Anne. “Lactoferrin Supplementation to Holstein Calves During the Preweaning and Postweaning Phases.” 2007. Thesis, North Carolina State University. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/1496.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
English, Elizabeth Anne. “Lactoferrin Supplementation to Holstein Calves During the Preweaning and Postweaning Phases.” 2007. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
English EA. Lactoferrin Supplementation to Holstein Calves During the Preweaning and Postweaning Phases. [Internet] [Thesis]. North Carolina State University; 2007. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/1496.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
English EA. Lactoferrin Supplementation to Holstein Calves During the Preweaning and Postweaning Phases. [Thesis]. North Carolina State University; 2007. Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/1496
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
North Carolina State University
18.
Kick, Andrew Robert.
Effects of Stress on the Adaptive Immune System in Pigs.
Degree: MS, Physiology, 2010, North Carolina State University
URL: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/6349
► KICK, ANDREW ROBERT. Effects of Stress on the Adaptive Immune System in Pigs. (Under the direction of Glen William Almond.) The purpose of this study…
(more)
▼ KICK, ANDREW ROBERT. Effects of Stress on the Adaptive Immune System in Pigs. (Under the direction of Glen William Almond.)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of stress on the adaptive immune system in pigs. A preliminary study, using a Mycoplasma vaccination after
weaning, was conducted in order to validate the use of flow cytometry. This study provided critical information required to refine the timing of blood collection and flow cytometry procedures for subsequent studies.
The first study used nineteen crossbred pigs that were weaned at 18 days of age. Blood samples were collected when pigs were 11, 17, 19, 20, 21 and 25 days of age and were analyzed for peripheral blood cell percentages and concentrations of neutrophils, lymphocytes, T cell subsets, mature B cells and cortisol concentrations. Cortisol concentrations increased at
weaning (p<.0001); lymphocyte concentrations tended to decrease at
weaning (p=.091); and the N:L ratio (p<.0001) and CD4:CD8 ratio (p=.0459) both increased between day 20 and day 21. Age-related changes in the percentages of T cell subsets and B cells were consistent with previous reports. It was concluded that
weaning is a stress-inducing event; however,
weaning did not affect the composition of T cell subsets and B cells in the peripheral blood.
The effects of a chronic stress induced by 5 days of mixing and crowding on the adaptive immune system were evaluated when the pigs were 47 days of age. Pigs were randomly assigned into one of two treatments: STRESS (n=9 pigs) and CONTROL (n=10 pigs). Peripheral blood was examined on days 47, 52, 53, 54, 55 and 62 for the same measures described previously and additionally for in-vitro IFN-γ and IL-4
production following ConA stimulation. Though there were some significant differences between the treatments upon conclusion of the stress, the STRESS pigs did not appear to be immunologically compromised.
The second study used twenty-three crossbred pigs and examined the effects of
weaning age on the adaptive immune system. Pigs were randomly assigned to one of three treatments:
weaning at 14 (n=8 pigs), 21 (n=7 pigs) or 28 (n=8 pigs) days of age. Peripheral blood was obtained when pigs were 13, 15, 20, 22, 27, 29 and 35 days of age and analyzed for the same stress-related variables evaluated in the first study. In all treatments,
weaning affected cortisol concentrations (p<.0001) and body weight percent change (p<.017). Lymphocyte concentrations displayed a treatment effect for pigs weaned at 14 days of age (p=.0744) and at 28 days of age (p=.0139). Other significant differences occurred between treatments; however, the differences were not directly associated with
weaning. Based upon the immunological measures utilized in this study, there was not an explicit benefit to the adaptive immune system for any
weaning age.
In summary, chronic stress and early
weaning do not negatively affect the adaptive immunological competence of pigs as determined by changes in populations of immune cells and cortisol…
Advisors/Committee Members: Charles Whisnant, Committee Member (advisor), Mary Tompkins, Committee Member (advisor), Glen Almond, Committee Chair (advisor), William Flowers, Committee Member (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: mixing; immune; stress; weaning; crowding; pigs; swine
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APA (6th Edition):
Kick, A. R. (2010). Effects of Stress on the Adaptive Immune System in Pigs. (Thesis). North Carolina State University. Retrieved from http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/6349
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kick, Andrew Robert. “Effects of Stress on the Adaptive Immune System in Pigs.” 2010. Thesis, North Carolina State University. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/6349.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kick, Andrew Robert. “Effects of Stress on the Adaptive Immune System in Pigs.” 2010. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Kick AR. Effects of Stress on the Adaptive Immune System in Pigs. [Internet] [Thesis]. North Carolina State University; 2010. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/6349.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Kick AR. Effects of Stress on the Adaptive Immune System in Pigs. [Thesis]. North Carolina State University; 2010. Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/6349
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Saskatchewan
19.
Creutzinger, Katherine 1992-.
An Investigation of Hair Cortisol as a Biomarker of Long-Term Stress in Beef Cattle.
Degree: 2016, University of Saskatchewan
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7421
► Long-term stress studies can be difficult in beef cattle due to a lack of objective measures of long-term stress and because beef cattle are often…
(more)
▼ Long-term stress studies can be difficult in beef cattle due to a lack of objective measures of long-term stress and because beef cattle are often raised extensively, making repeated sampling difficult. Hair cortisol (HC) has been proposed as a measure of systemic cortisol over an extended period of time, accumulated over a period of days to weeks, however its usefulness in beef cattle has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the objective of this thesis was to investigate the use of HC concentration as a physiological measure of long-term stress in beef cattle. Beef calves were studied over two stressful procedures that occur in modern production: i) castration, and ii)
weaning in order to study HC concentration as an objective measure of long-term stress, and explore various factors that influence HC concentration such as sex, temperament, dam parity and calf age. For study 1, bull calves located on two farm sites, site 1: Hereford cross (n=73), at 47 + 9.6 d of age (mean ± S.D.), site 2: Black Angus (n=85), 48 ± 11.3 d of age, were equally divided across three treatments: surgical castration (CS, n=52), surgical castration with meloxicam (CM, n=54), and sham castration (S, n=52). All treatments were balanced for calf age. Hair samples were collected from an area on the left hip prior to castration on d 0, with hair regrowth collected on d 14 from the d 0 sample location. Calf standing time was recorded by accelerometers from d 0-7 as a previously validated measure of pain on a sub-sample of 129 calves (CS=47; CM=42; S=40, numbers per treatment were balanced across farm sites). Treatment effects on HC were analyzed via the MIXED procedure (STATA® 12). Standing time was analyzed using repeated measures MMLR. On d 14 post castration, HC concentration was 13.5% higher in CS than S calves (P = 0.025) and tended to be higher than CM (P = 0.06). Standing time across treatments showed, CM tended to stand more than S calves on d 0-4 following castration (P = 0.052), with no other differences determined. For study 2, calves were weaned at 5-7 months of age (186 ± 15.5 days, mean ± S.D.) via two-stage (TS, n = 80) or abrupt
weaning (AW, n = 81), and balanced for sex across treatments. Nose-flaps were inserted on d 0 in all TS calves and removed on d 7; all cow-calf pairs were physically separated from their dam on d 7. Hair samples were collected from the right hip of all calves on d 0, 7 and 14; d 0 and 7 hair samples included the full hair shaft while hair collected at d 14 included regrowth from the d 0 sample location. Standing time was recorded as a behavioural measure of stress, as a surrogate for number of steps, on a sub-sample of calves (n = 49/treatment). Treatment effects of HC were analyzed using the MIXED procedure (STATA® 12); standing time was analyzed using two-sample t-tests per day. On d 14, TS calves had significantly higher HC concentration (pg mg-1) than AW calves (1.39 ± 0.15 vs. 1.16 ± 0.15, respectively, LSM + S.E.; P = 0.02). AW calves stood 6% more than TS calves on the day of
weaning (P = 0.007)…
Advisors/Committee Members: Stookey, Joseph M, Seddon, Yolande, Campbell, John, Janz, David M, Marques, Fernando J, Harding, John, Gonyou, Harold.
Subjects/Keywords: Hair cortisol; beef; cattle; stress; castration; weaning
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APA (6th Edition):
Creutzinger, K. 1. (2016). An Investigation of Hair Cortisol as a Biomarker of Long-Term Stress in Beef Cattle. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7421
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Creutzinger, Katherine 1992-. “An Investigation of Hair Cortisol as a Biomarker of Long-Term Stress in Beef Cattle.” 2016. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7421.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Creutzinger, Katherine 1992-. “An Investigation of Hair Cortisol as a Biomarker of Long-Term Stress in Beef Cattle.” 2016. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Creutzinger K1. An Investigation of Hair Cortisol as a Biomarker of Long-Term Stress in Beef Cattle. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2016. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7421.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Creutzinger K1. An Investigation of Hair Cortisol as a Biomarker of Long-Term Stress in Beef Cattle. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7421
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Clemson University
20.
Klopp, Rebecca Naomi.
Effects of Feeding Different Amounts of Milk Replacer on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility in Holstein Calves to 4 Months of Age Using Different Weaning Strategies.
Degree: MS, Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2018, Clemson University
URL: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2931
► A 2x2 factorial design (moderate (MOD) or high (HI) milk replacer (MR) feeding rates and abrupt (AB) or gradual (GR) weaning) was utilized to compare…
(more)
▼ A 2x2 factorial design (moderate (MOD) or high (HI) milk replacer (MR) feeding rates and abrupt (AB) or gradual (GR)
weaning) was utilized to compare how calf performance and nutrient digestibility is affected pre and post-
weaning. The 112 d study consisted of a 56 d nursery and a 56 d grower phase. Calves (n=50) were randomly assigned to one of four pre-
weaning treatments. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design with repeated measures when applicable by PROC MIXED in SAS. Calves assigned to MOD-AB were fed 0.66 kg (DM) MR for first 42 d then 0.33 kg for 7 d, MOD-GR were fed 0.66 kg MR for 28 d, 0.33 kg for 14 d, and 0.17 kg for 7 d, HI-AB were fed 0.66 kg MR for 7 d, 0.82 kg for 7 d, 1.1 kg for 28 d, and 0.66 kg for 7 d, HI-GR were fed 0.66 kg MR for 7 d, 0.82 kg for 7 d, 1.1 kg for 14 d, 0.66 kg for 14 d, and 0.33 kg for 7 d. All calves received the same MR (25% CP, 17% fat) and were given ad libitum access to water and starter (42% starch and 20% CP) during the nursery phase. For the 56 d grower portion of the experiment, calves were grouped into 12 pens based on MR program, 4-5 calves per pen. All calves received ad libitum access to water and the same textured starter blended with 5% chopped grass hay. The results of the nursery phase indicated that HI MR promoted greater BW and FE, GR
weaning lead to more starter consumption and lower HH, and HI MR digested readily available nutrients more efficiently but MOD MR resulted in increased fibrous fraction digestibility. The results of the grower phase indicated that HI calves lost their growth advantage over MOD calves after
weaning, calves receiving MOD amounts of MR are more adapted to consuming complex nutrients, and GR
weaning is beneficial during the
weaning transition.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Gustavo Lascano, Committee Chair, Dr. Vincent Richards, Dr. William Bridges.
Subjects/Keywords: calves; digestibility; growth; milk replacer; weaning
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APA (6th Edition):
Klopp, R. N. (2018). Effects of Feeding Different Amounts of Milk Replacer on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility in Holstein Calves to 4 Months of Age Using Different Weaning Strategies. (Masters Thesis). Clemson University. Retrieved from https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2931
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Klopp, Rebecca Naomi. “Effects of Feeding Different Amounts of Milk Replacer on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility in Holstein Calves to 4 Months of Age Using Different Weaning Strategies.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Clemson University. Accessed January 23, 2020.
https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2931.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Klopp, Rebecca Naomi. “Effects of Feeding Different Amounts of Milk Replacer on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility in Holstein Calves to 4 Months of Age Using Different Weaning Strategies.” 2018. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Klopp RN. Effects of Feeding Different Amounts of Milk Replacer on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility in Holstein Calves to 4 Months of Age Using Different Weaning Strategies. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Clemson University; 2018. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2931.
Council of Science Editors:
Klopp RN. Effects of Feeding Different Amounts of Milk Replacer on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility in Holstein Calves to 4 Months of Age Using Different Weaning Strategies. [Masters Thesis]. Clemson University; 2018. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2931
Virginia Tech
21.
Ligon, Jennifer Marie.
The Effects of Low Stress Cattle Handling and Weaning Training on Post-Weaning Weight Gain and Calf Activity.
Degree: MS, Veterinary Medicine, 2015, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51262
► The objective of this study was to assess the effect of low stress (LS) handling of beef calves on weight gain and calf activity associated…
(more)
▼ The objective of this study was to assess the effect of low stress (LS) handling of beef calves on weight gain and calf activity associated with the
weaning process. Cattle were of Angus and Angus cross breeding from two separate herds in Virginia. Handlers for the LS groups went through a short training session. Handlers for the Control (C) groups did not have any special training and handled their group as they would have with no adjustments. Handling and calf activity were monitored each time (6 times) the cows were worked from calving through one month post-
weaning. Weights were taken from birth to one month post-
weaning. During the week post-
weaning the C calves averaged a gain of 4.38 lbs. and the LS calves averaged a gain of 16.94 lbs. One month post-
weaning the C calves averaged a gain of 49.01 lbs., while the LS calves averaged a gain of 68.6 lbs. This showed a difference (p < 0.0001) between handling method for weight gain in calves for one week and one month post-
weaning. Pedometers were used to assess calf activity post-
weaning. Steps per hour (SPH) for the week post-
weaning was numerically higher for those calves handled conventionally and not trained for
weaning. The C calves averaged 1048 to 1629 SPH for the first three days, where the LS calves averaged 443 to 644 SPH for the first three days. Additionally, the artificial insemination conception rates (AICR) were calculated in each herd and treatment groups compared, however results were equivocal. This study demonstrated that handling cattle using low stress techniques can make significant improvements with regard to
weaning weights and has potential to increase other areas of production in beef cattle.
Advisors/Committee Members: Whittier, William D. (committeechair), Clark-Deener, Sherrie Gayle (committee member), Currin, John Franklin (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Low Stress; Beef Cattle; Stockmanship; weaning
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APA (6th Edition):
Ligon, J. M. (2015). The Effects of Low Stress Cattle Handling and Weaning Training on Post-Weaning Weight Gain and Calf Activity. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51262
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ligon, Jennifer Marie. “The Effects of Low Stress Cattle Handling and Weaning Training on Post-Weaning Weight Gain and Calf Activity.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51262.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ligon, Jennifer Marie. “The Effects of Low Stress Cattle Handling and Weaning Training on Post-Weaning Weight Gain and Calf Activity.” 2015. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Ligon JM. The Effects of Low Stress Cattle Handling and Weaning Training on Post-Weaning Weight Gain and Calf Activity. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2015. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51262.
Council of Science Editors:
Ligon JM. The Effects of Low Stress Cattle Handling and Weaning Training on Post-Weaning Weight Gain and Calf Activity. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51262
Virginia Tech
22.
Smith, Jason Kaleb.
Effects of early weaning on finishing feed efficiency, marbling development and retail product quality of beef steers.
Degree: PhD, Animal and Poultry Sciences, 2015, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56596
► Beef cattle producers continuously search for nutritional management options that provide flexibility to production scenarios. Due to its positive effects on maternal productivity, early weaning…
(more)
▼ Beef cattle producers continuously search for nutritional management options that provide flexibility to production scenarios. Due to its positive effects on maternal productivity, early
weaning is one such alternative strategy that has received considerable interest. To better understand the effects of early
weaning on calf productivity, an extensive literature review and three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of early
weaning on finishing feed efficiency, marbling development and retail product quality of beef steers. In experiment I, which included 90 Angus-sired steers from four calving seasons, early
weaning followed by a short ad libitum concentrate-feeding and pasture-backgrounding phase reduced finishing residual feed intake (RFI) by 7 % (P < 0.0001) and increased carcass marbling score (MS) by 10 % (P < 0.01) when compared to conventionally weaned (CW) contemporaries. Similar effects were observed in experiment II, which included 28 Angus and Simmental-sired steers, as early
weaning reduced RFI (P < 0.01) and increased carcass MS (P < 0.01). Lung mass of early weaned (EW) steers was greater than their CW contemporaries (P < 0.05), and was inversely related to RFI (R2 = 0.17; P < 0.05). Finishing treatments in this experiment included a high corn ration and an alternative low corn ration that iso-calorically replaced 50 % of the DM from corn with dried corn gluten feed. Iso-caloric replacement of corn reduced lung mass (P < 0.01), and when combined with the observed increase of EW steers suggests that lung development is affected by dietary energy type at various stages of growth. In experiment III, objective analyses of ribeye steaks obtained from steers included in experiment two revealed that early
weaning increased cross-sectional muscle fiber area by 28 % (P < 0.001) and tended to increase (P = 0.08) Warner-Bratzler shear force by 36 %. Nonetheless, these effects were not great enough to alter un-trained consumer perception of texture (P ≥ 0.65), juiciness (P ≥ 0.55), flavor (P ≥ 0.25) or overall acceptability (P ≥ 0.34). Collectively, these results indicate that early
weaning enhances finishing feed efficiency and carcass marbling without affecting un-trained consumer sensory perception.
Advisors/Committee Members: McCann, Mark A. (committeechair), Hanigan, Mark Daniel (committee member), El-Kadi, Samer Wassim (committee member), Johnson, Sally E. (committee member), Greiner, Scott P. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: early weaning; feed efficiency; marbling development
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APA (6th Edition):
Smith, J. K. (2015). Effects of early weaning on finishing feed efficiency, marbling development and retail product quality of beef steers. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56596
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Smith, Jason Kaleb. “Effects of early weaning on finishing feed efficiency, marbling development and retail product quality of beef steers.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56596.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Smith, Jason Kaleb. “Effects of early weaning on finishing feed efficiency, marbling development and retail product quality of beef steers.” 2015. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Smith JK. Effects of early weaning on finishing feed efficiency, marbling development and retail product quality of beef steers. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2015. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56596.
Council of Science Editors:
Smith JK. Effects of early weaning on finishing feed efficiency, marbling development and retail product quality of beef steers. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56596
University of Adelaide
23.
Terry, Robyn.
Managing the lactating sow to stimulate lactation ovulation.
Degree: 2015, University of Adelaide
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/98161
► In lactation, sows are typically anoestrus, with ovulation occurring three to seven days after weaning at approximately 24 days post-partum. Increasing piglet age to greater…
(more)
▼ In lactation, sows are typically anoestrus, with ovulation occurring three to seven days after
weaning at approximately 24 days post-partum. Increasing piglet age to greater than 28 days improves piglet performance and welfare; however, it also results in reduced sow farrowing frequencies, making the commercial adoption of increasing piglet
weaning age unsustainable. Stimulating a sow to ovulate in lactation represents a solution as it enables lactation length to be increased whilst maintaining reproductive efficiencies. The aims of the research reported in this thesis were to investigate mechanisms to reliably stimulate a lactation oestrus in multiparous and primiparous sows. Secondly, to determine the effect of these strategies on piglet growth, subsequent pregnancy rate, farrowing rate and litter size. The mechanisms investigated were focused on: reducing the suckling input to the sow through split
weaning or low-confinement alternative lactation housing; and fence, or full physical, boar exposure. The importance of a reduced suckling input was demonstrated in Chapter Two. The proportion of sows expressing a lactation oestrus increased as the number of piglets weaned on day 18 of lactation increased from zero, three, five to seven. Additionally, early
weaning did not compromise growth of the split weaned piglets, with both early and late weaned piglets experiencing similar body weights by day 40 of age. Chapter Three evaluated the effect of full physical boar exposure commencing at day 10, 14 or 18 postpartum on the incidence of lactation oestrus in primiparous and multiparous sows. A high proportion of multiparous sows expressed a lactation oestrus in response to boar exposure compared to first parity sows; however, the summer months impacted this expression. No benefits of commencing boar exposure before day 18 post-partum on lactation oestrus expression were observed. Chapter Four coupled full physical boar exposure with split
weaning of piglets at day 18 post-partum within a commercial piggery. Boar exposure was effective at stimulating a lactation oestrus in multiparous sows whereas primiparous sows require, in addition to boar exposure, a reduction in suckled litter size. A high incidence (24%) of lactating multiparous sows that received no stimulation spontaneously ovulated before
weaning resulting in a prolonged
weaning to oestrus interval. These results suggest that for the modern sow,
weaning is not necessary for ovulation. Lastly, Chapter Five demonstrated that low confinement lactation housing from seven days post-partum, in combination with fence line boar exposure, was not sufficient to stimulate a lactation oestrus. Overall, split
weaning to seven piglets in conjunction with physical boar exposure resulted in the highest proportion of lactation oestrus expression with this response greater in multiparous sows than primiparous sows. Season affected the proportion of lactation oestrus expression, and this requires further investigation. Furthermore, the incidence of spontaneous ovulation during…
Advisors/Committee Members: Kind, Karen Lee (advisor), van Wettere, William (advisor), School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences (school).
Subjects/Keywords: sow lactation oestrus; split weaning; boar exposure
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Terry, R. (2015). Managing the lactating sow to stimulate lactation ovulation. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/98161
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Terry, Robyn. “Managing the lactating sow to stimulate lactation ovulation.” 2015. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/2440/98161.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Terry, Robyn. “Managing the lactating sow to stimulate lactation ovulation.” 2015. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Terry R. Managing the lactating sow to stimulate lactation ovulation. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2015. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/98161.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Terry R. Managing the lactating sow to stimulate lactation ovulation. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/98161
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Tennessee – Knoxville
24.
Campistol, Cristina.
The Effects of Weaning Strategy on the Physiology and Performance of Beef Calves.
Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2010, University of Tennessee – Knoxville
URL: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/780
► Two experiments examined growth performance and physiological measures of stress in pre- and postweaned Angus steers (313 ± 24.5 kg; n = 48/Exp.), where steers…
(more)
▼ Two experiments examined growth performance and physiological measures of stress in pre- and postweaned Angus steers (313 ± 24.5 kg; n = 48/Exp.), where steers were fitted with (YD) or without (ND) an anti-suckling device (Exp. 1), or provided (YS) or not provided (NS) a grain supplement (Exp. 2) for 7 d and weaned by fenceline (FS) or total separation (TS). Steers in Exp. 1 were weighed and bled on d 0, 3, 7 10, 14, 21, and 42, and in Exp. 2, on d 0, 7, 10, 14, and 21 and provided a grain supplement on d 7-21. In Exp. 1, weight gain was not different (P = 0.74) between ND and YD steers during preweaning. The YD-FS steers lost weight (P = 0.01) by d 10 compared with YD-TS steers. Hematocrit (Hct) increased (P = 0.04) in YD but not ND steers on d 3. Neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (N:L) increased (P < 0.01) in all steers by d 7. Cortisol values in YD-FS steers were higher (P < 0.05) compared with YD-TS steers on d 10 and 21. The ND-FS steers had higher (P = 0.04) interferon-gamma (IFN) concentrations on d 10 compared with all YD steers. Haptoglobin (HAP) values increased (P < 0.01) in all steers by d 3. The FS steers had higher (P < 0.01) ceruloplasmin (CER) values by d 10 than TS steers regardless of preweaning treatment. Ovalbumin-specific IgG increased (P < 0.01) in all steers 10 d following its administration. In Exp. 2, NS-TS steers lost weight (P < 0.01) between d 7 and 10 compared with the remaining steers. The YS steers had higher cortisol, N:L and CER on d 7 compared with NS steers. Moreover, NS steers had higher (P < 0.01) Hct on d 10 than YS steers. Based upon physiological and growth
performance data, it may be concluded that use of an anti-suckling device prior to
weaning does not improve the animals’ well-being and, providing a grain supplement beginning 7 d prior to
weaning may temper the animals’ stress response due to
weaning when total separation is employed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Henry G. Kattesh, John C. Waller, Emmit Rawls, Gina M. Pighetti.
Subjects/Keywords: weaning; calves; stress; well-being; Animal Sciences
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APA (6th Edition):
Campistol, C. (2010). The Effects of Weaning Strategy on the Physiology and Performance of Beef Calves. (Thesis). University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Retrieved from https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/780
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Campistol, Cristina. “The Effects of Weaning Strategy on the Physiology and Performance of Beef Calves.” 2010. Thesis, University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Accessed January 23, 2020.
https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/780.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Campistol, Cristina. “The Effects of Weaning Strategy on the Physiology and Performance of Beef Calves.” 2010. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Campistol C. The Effects of Weaning Strategy on the Physiology and Performance of Beef Calves. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2010. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/780.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Campistol C. The Effects of Weaning Strategy on the Physiology and Performance of Beef Calves. [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2010. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/780
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Kansas State University
25.
Jacquay, Erica.
Colonization
and maturation of the foal fecal microbiota from birth through
weaning and the effect of weaning method.
Degree: MS, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2017, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35563
► The objectives of these studies were to (1) characterize mare milk and fecal bacteria, and foal fecal microbiota from birth to 4 mo and (2)…
(more)
▼ The objectives of these studies were to (1)
characterize mare milk and fecal bacteria, and foal fecal
microbiota from birth to 4 mo and (2) determine the effect of
weaning and
weaning method on foal fecal bacterial composition.
Next generation sequencing of the V4 region of the bacterial 16S
rRNA gene was performed using the Illumina Miseq according to Earth
Microbiome Project protocols and sequencing data was analyzed using
QIIME. In experiment 1, mare milk, mare fecal, and foal fecal
samples were collected from 9 mare and foal pairs at birth (d 0), d
2, 7, and 1, 2, 3 and 4 mo. In experiment 2, 9 foals were separated
into 2 treatments: abrupt (n = 5) and gradual (n = 4)
weaning
methods. Fecal samples were collected the day before
weaning (d-1),
the day of
weaning (d 0) and post-
weaning on d 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7.
Blood was collected for analysis of cortisol concentration at 0800
h on d -1, 1, 2, and at 0800 h and 1100 h on d 0 and 4. Heart rate
was recorded in 10 min intervals on the day of
weaning starting 1 h
before
weaning to 2 h post-
weaning, and again for 1 h starting 24 h
after
weaning. Results from experiment 1 showed newborn foal
meconium and mare milk were similar in species diversity and
composition; however, large shifts in composition and increases in
foal fecal bacterial diversity occurred within the first week. By 1
mo, foal fecal bacterial composition did not differ in composition
from mare feces at the phylum level (P = 1.0). Firmicutes,
Bacteriodetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Spirochaetes were the dominant
phyla found in feces of foals 1 mo and older and adult mare feces.
For experiment 2, there were no differences in species diversity (P
> 0.05) or separations in bacterial community structure between
weaning methods or before and after
weaning. There were minor
shifts in relative abundance of specific phyla and genera in
response to
weaning. Foals in the abrupt treatment group had
increased cortisol concentrations on d 1 (P < 0.05) and
increased heart rate for 50 min after
weaning on d 0 (P < 0.05).
The foal is
born with fecal microbial communities similar to milk
that rapidly change during the first week of life, reaching the
same composition of its dam by the first month. The foal fecal
microbiota matures prior to
weaning, therefore
weaning did not
cause drastic changes in bacterial composition. Although acute
stress was increased in abruptly weaned foals, stress associated
with different
weaning methods did not influence the fecal
microbiota within the first week post-
weaning.
Advisors/Committee Members: Joann M. Kouba.
Subjects/Keywords: Foal;
Fecal;
Microbiota;
Mare;
Milk;
Weaning
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APA ·
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MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Jacquay, E. (2017). Colonization
and maturation of the foal fecal microbiota from birth through
weaning and the effect of weaning method. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35563
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Jacquay, Erica. “Colonization
and maturation of the foal fecal microbiota from birth through
weaning and the effect of weaning method.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35563.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Jacquay, Erica. “Colonization
and maturation of the foal fecal microbiota from birth through
weaning and the effect of weaning method.” 2017. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Jacquay E. Colonization
and maturation of the foal fecal microbiota from birth through
weaning and the effect of weaning method. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2017. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35563.
Council of Science Editors:
Jacquay E. Colonization
and maturation of the foal fecal microbiota from birth through
weaning and the effect of weaning method. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35563
26.
de la Fé Rodriguez, Pedro.
Insights into the epidemiology of enteropathogens of young pigs raised in Cuban piggeries.
Degree: 2012, Ghent University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-3034417
► Porcine pre- and post-weaning diarrhea are multi-factorial diseases that negatively impact the efficiency of swine production worldwide. This thesis updates epidemiological knowledge concerning the infectious…
(more)
▼ Porcine pre- and post-
weaning diarrhea are multi-factorial diseases that negatively impact the efficiency of swine production worldwide. This thesis updates epidemiological knowledge concerning the infectious etiology of diarrhea in young pigs in Cuba.
The first Chapter, a review of literature focuses on the swine production in the Cuban context and on the epidemiology of enteropathogens.
Chapter 2 was undertaken to gain insights into the infectious etiology of porcine pre- and post-
weaning diarrhea in Villa Clara, Cuba. At least one enteropathogen was detected in 64.4% of suckling and in 42.2% of weaned pigs. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) was significantly the most frequent pathogen, and most virotypes were either STa+/STb+ or F4+/STa+/STb+. The overall occurrence of other pathogens was 10% for transmissible gastroenteritis virus and Cryptosporidium parvum, 6.7% for rotavirus A and Isospora suis, 5.6% for α-toxigenic Clostridium perfringens, 3.3% for verocytotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC), and 2.2% for Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Newport. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, β-toxigenic C. perfringens, Eimeria spp., and helminths were not identified. Twenty-five percent of enteropathogen positive piglets were infected with more than one pathogen.
In Chapter 3 we determined the antibiotic resistance profile and the genetic relatedness of enteropathogenic E. coli. The highest resistance rates were seen to antibiotics traditionally administered in Cuban piggeries: tetracycline (69%), ampicillin (54%), sulphonamide compounds (50%), and kanamycin (50%). Sixty-five percent of isolates were multi-drug resistant. The ERIC-PCR revealed a high degree of polymorphism in the E. coli DNA sequences and relatedness among F4+/STa+/STb+ or F18+/LT+/STb+ isolates from different piggeries, and among the STb+, STa+/STb+, F4+/STa+/STb+ or F18+/STx2e+ ones from the same piggery. E. coli highly susceptible to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, chloramphenicol, cephalosporins, amoxicilline-clavulanic acid, and trimethoprim are associated with piglet diarrhea in the Villa Clara province, Cuba. The analysis on genetic diversity by ERIC-PCR demonstrated a clonal relationship among pathogenic E. coli carrying the same virulence factors and a similar antibiotic resistance.
In order to determine exposure and spread of F4+ ETEC or F18+ ETEC/VTEC, we determined in Chapter 4 the prevalence of F4- and F18-specific antibodies in the Cuban swine herd. Random-effects models and a mixture model in R were fitted. Low, moderate, and high levels of F4-specific antibodies were found in 67.6%, 26.8%, and 5.6% of pigs, while 66.4% and 33.6% of them showed low and high levels of F18-specific antibodies, respectively.
Chapter 5 was carried out to determine the frequency of genotypes and alleles for susceptibility or resistance to F18+ or to F4+ E coli infections of pigs raised in Cuba. The F4 XbaI-resistant genotype was frequently detected (0.66). Since there is a high seroprevalence of F4-specific antibodies in sera of pigs…
Advisors/Committee Members: Goddeeris, Bruno, Cox, Eric, Maroto Martin, Luis O.
Subjects/Keywords: Veterinary Sciences; ETEC; VTEC; pigs; post-weaning
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
de la Fé Rodriguez, P. (2012). Insights into the epidemiology of enteropathogens of young pigs raised in Cuban piggeries. (Thesis). Ghent University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-3034417
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
de la Fé Rodriguez, Pedro. “Insights into the epidemiology of enteropathogens of young pigs raised in Cuban piggeries.” 2012. Thesis, Ghent University. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-3034417.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
de la Fé Rodriguez, Pedro. “Insights into the epidemiology of enteropathogens of young pigs raised in Cuban piggeries.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
de la Fé Rodriguez P. Insights into the epidemiology of enteropathogens of young pigs raised in Cuban piggeries. [Internet] [Thesis]. Ghent University; 2012. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-3034417.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
de la Fé Rodriguez P. Insights into the epidemiology of enteropathogens of young pigs raised in Cuban piggeries. [Thesis]. Ghent University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-3034417
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Kansas State University
27.
Lu, Ti.
A broadly
effective vaccine against porcine post-weaning diarrhea.
Degree: PhD, Department of Diagnostic
Medicine/Pathobiology, 2019, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/39605
► Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli are the major causes of porcine post-weaning diarrhea (PWD). Currently, no licensed vaccines for ETEC exist. However, studying ETEC helps to better…
(more)
▼ Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli are the major causes
of porcine post-
weaning diarrhea (PWD). Currently, no licensed
vaccines for ETEC exist. However, studying ETEC helps to better
understand the role of these organelles in biology and
pathogenesis, opens a new door to disease diagnosis, prevention and
treatment, and enables development of effective vaccines.
In
Chapter 2, the study was focused on mapping the immuno-dominant or
neutralizing epitopes from the adhesive subunit FedF of F18
fimbriae. Our data showed that seven immune-dominant epitopes were
identified from FedF subunit. Epitope fusions induced anti-F18
antibodies in subcutaneously immunized mice. Moreover, antibodies
derived from each fusion significantly blocked adherence of a
F18-fimbrial E. coli bacteria to pig intestinal cell line IPEC-J2.
While all seven epitopes exhibited neutralizing activity, results
from this study identified FedF epitopes3 (IPSSSGTLTCQAGT) and #7
(QPDATGSWYD) as the most effective for antibodies against F18
fimbrial adherence and suggested their future application in PWD
vaccine development.
In Chapter 3, we further identified B-cell
immunodominant epitopes from K88 fimbrial major subunit (also
adhesin) FaeG. We found that while all nine FaeG epitope fusions
induced antibodies to K88 fimbria, anti-K88 IgG antibodies derived
from epitopes #1 (MTGDFNGSVD), #2 (LNDLTNGGTK), #3 (GRTKEAFATP), #4
(ELRKPDGGTN), #5 (PMKNAGGTKVGAVKVN) and #8 (RENMEYTDGT)
significantly inhibited adherence of K88-fimbrial bacteria to
porcine intestinal cell line IPEC-J2, indicating the ability of
these peptides to neutralize EPITOPES of K88 fimbrial major subunit
FaeG and suggesting the future application of FaeG epitopes in ETEC
vaccine development.
In Chapter 4, a PWD multiepitope fusion
antigen (PWD-MEFA) was constructed. Our data showed the expressed
fimbriae-toxoid PWD MEFA protein, which was approximately 40 kDa,
was verified in Western blot analysis using anti-FaeG,
anti-K88epitope-fusion, anti-F18epitope-fusion, anti-CT, anti-STa,
and anti-Stx2e antiserum, respectively. Mice SC immunized with PWD
MEFA protein developed strong anti-K88, anti-F18, anti-LT and
anti-STb IgG antibody responses, and moderate anti-Stx2e and
anti-STa IgG responses. Moreover, mouse serum antibodies inhibited
adherence of K88- and F18-fimbrial ETEC bacteria and neutralized
LT, STa, STb and Stx2e enterotoxicity. Additionally, double mutant
LT (dmLT, LT subscript(R192G/L211A)) adjuvant up-immunoregulated
PWD MEFA anti-fimbriae and antitoxin antibody responses. These
results indicated that this fimbriae-toxoid PWD MEFA induced
broadly anti-fimbriae and anti-toxin antibodies, and suggested
antigen candidacy for developing an effective vaccine against PWD.
In Chapter 5, we optimized this MEFA to be expressed as a
holotoxin-structured and GM1-binding protein in a live host strain
to induce mucosal antibodies against ETEC adhesins and toxins. Our
data showed that optimized PWD adhesin-toxoid MEFA formed a
holotoxin structure and bound to GM1 receptor, and Salmonella Ty21a…
Advisors/Committee Members: Ying FangWeiping Zhang.
Subjects/Keywords: Post-weaning diarrhea;
Pig;
Vaccine;
ETEC
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APA (6th Edition):
Lu, T. (2019). A broadly
effective vaccine against porcine post-weaning diarrhea. (Doctoral Dissertation). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/39605
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lu, Ti. “A broadly
effective vaccine against porcine post-weaning diarrhea.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Kansas State University. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/39605.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lu, Ti. “A broadly
effective vaccine against porcine post-weaning diarrhea.” 2019. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Lu T. A broadly
effective vaccine against porcine post-weaning diarrhea. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2019. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/39605.
Council of Science Editors:
Lu T. A broadly
effective vaccine against porcine post-weaning diarrhea. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/39605
28.
O'Loughlin, Aran.
Examination of the effect of weaning stress on the physiological and molecular regulation of immune function in circulating bovine leukocytes.
Degree: 2011, RIAN
URL: http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/3912/
► Weaning is a multifaceted stressor and may involve numerous husbandry practices, including the abrupt separation of the calf from its dam, a nutritional adjustment to…
(more)
▼ Weaning is a multifaceted stressor and may involve numerous husbandry practices, including the abrupt separation of the calf from its dam, a nutritional adjustment to a non-milk diet and social reorganisation and, additionally, is often associated with other husbandry practices, such as housing and transport. Stress-induced disease susceptibility in livestock animals has documented economic and societal consequences and the sense of urgency to understand and intervene in these is becoming increasingly important. Available published research has examined the physiological and behavioural responses to weaning stress in calves, but no study has yet characterised the molecular response. This Ph.D. project aimed to obtain a greater understanding of the impacts of weaning on both the molecular and physiological responses in order to elucidate the immune mechanisms responsible for stress dependent immune suppression in calves post weaning. A series of studies were conducted to investigate i) the effect of weaning stress as an accumulative stressor on haematological and immunological variables to assess whether combining weaning with housing elicits a greater response than housing alone, ii) to (a) characterise, in male and female calves habituated to housing, the immune response to weaning stress at the physiological and molecular levels, and (b) assess the difference between calves weaned and housed in the presence of the dam and those weaned and housed away from the dam, and iii) the effect of accumulative stressors on the global transcriptomic response in blood leukocytes to weaning stress. The results of this thesis demonstrate that stress can have accumulative effects and by combining housing with weaning, an increase in neutrophil number and decrease in lymphocyte number was found. Concerning management at weaning, it is evident that calves, particularly intact male calves, may benefit from a weaning strategy where the calves are allowed contact with the dam but prevented from suckling for a number of days before total separation occurs. Weaning calves away from the dam also resulted in a much stronger stress response, resulting in an increase in the expression of inflammatory cytokines, the glucocorticoid receptor, TLR4, CD62L and Fas, than weaning calves next to the dam. Additionally, a far more potent inflammatory response, at the transcriptomic level, was reported to occur in weaned and housed calves compared with housed calves, indicating that stress activates the innate immune system to increase surveillance. An important finding of this thesis was that simultaneously weaning and housing of calves produces a perturbation to the homeostasis of the leukocyte transcriptome which was still present 7 days following weaning. Thus the identification of novel biomarkers and regulatory gene networks that are stress activated provides a mechanistic framework to characterise the multifaceted nature of weaning stress adaptation in beef calves.
Subjects/Keywords: Biology; weaning stress; immune function; bovine leukocytes
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
O'Loughlin, A. (2011). Examination of the effect of weaning stress on the physiological and molecular regulation of immune function in circulating bovine leukocytes. (Thesis). RIAN. Retrieved from http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/3912/
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
O'Loughlin, Aran. “Examination of the effect of weaning stress on the physiological and molecular regulation of immune function in circulating bovine leukocytes.” 2011. Thesis, RIAN. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/3912/.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
O'Loughlin, Aran. “Examination of the effect of weaning stress on the physiological and molecular regulation of immune function in circulating bovine leukocytes.” 2011. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
O'Loughlin A. Examination of the effect of weaning stress on the physiological and molecular regulation of immune function in circulating bovine leukocytes. [Internet] [Thesis]. RIAN; 2011. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/3912/.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
O'Loughlin A. Examination of the effect of weaning stress on the physiological and molecular regulation of immune function in circulating bovine leukocytes. [Thesis]. RIAN; 2011. Available from: http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/3912/
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Pretoria
29.
Livhuwani, Ngwekhulu.
Fiber growth of
goats as influenced by the doe’s genotype, plane of nutrition and
physiological stage (gestation and lactation).
Degree: Animal and Wildlife
Sciences, 2010, University of Pretoria
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28086
► The aim of this thesis was to investigate how fiber growth of goats is determined by genotype, (purebred Angora and crossbred between Angora and Boer…
(more)
▼ The aim of this thesis was to investigate how fiber
growth of goats is determined by genotype, (purebred Angora and
crossbred between Angora and Boer goat), physiological stages of
the females from mid pregnancy until fifty days after the kids had
been weaned and the plane of nutrition. Twelve Angora (pure bred)
and ten Angora x Boer goat doe's with an initial mass of
28.70±4.42, between three and five years of age were used. Half of
them received 120% NRC energy requirements and the other half
received 80% requirements. Mohair patches of 100cm2 were collected
from the animals at parturition, mid-lactation,
weaning and fifty
days post
weaning. The fiber greasy weight started declining with
commencement of lactation in crossbred animals of both high and low
nutrition. The greasy mass again increased from the period of
weaning until fifty days post
weaning suggesting that crossbred
animals do not produce a lot of fiber at the expense of fetal and
kid growth. Since fiber production from the crossbred animals is
lower, I recommend that the Angora genotype be increased to gain
more fiber and further research be done on the topic.
Advisors/Committee Members: P B Cronje (advisor), Prof N H Casey (advisor), Prof A E Nesamvuni (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Weaning;
Mid-lactation;
Parturition; Fiber growth
of goats; Fifty days
post weaning;
UCTD
Record Details
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Livhuwani, N. (2010). Fiber growth of
goats as influenced by the doe’s genotype, plane of nutrition and
physiological stage (gestation and lactation). (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28086
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Livhuwani, Ngwekhulu. “Fiber growth of
goats as influenced by the doe’s genotype, plane of nutrition and
physiological stage (gestation and lactation).” 2010. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28086.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Livhuwani, Ngwekhulu. “Fiber growth of
goats as influenced by the doe’s genotype, plane of nutrition and
physiological stage (gestation and lactation).” 2010. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Livhuwani N. Fiber growth of
goats as influenced by the doe’s genotype, plane of nutrition and
physiological stage (gestation and lactation). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2010. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28086.
Council of Science Editors:
Livhuwani N. Fiber growth of
goats as influenced by the doe’s genotype, plane of nutrition and
physiological stage (gestation and lactation). [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28086
University of Pretoria
30.
[No author].
Fiber growth of goats as influenced by the doe’s
genotype, plane of nutrition and physiological stage (gestation and
lactation)
.
Degree: 2010, University of Pretoria
URL: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09212010-135511/
► The aim of this thesis was to investigate how fiber growth of goats is determined by genotype, (purebred Angora and crossbred between Angora and Boer…
(more)
▼ The aim of this thesis was to investigate how fiber
growth of goats is determined by genotype, (purebred Angora and
crossbred between Angora and Boer goat), physiological stages of
the females from mid pregnancy until fifty days after the kids had
been weaned and the plane of nutrition. Twelve Angora (pure bred)
and ten Angora x Boer goat doe's with an initial mass of
28.70±4.42, between three and five years of age were used. Half of
them received 120% NRC energy requirements and the other half
received 80% requirements. Mohair patches of 100cm2 were collected
from the animals at parturition, mid-lactation,
weaning and fifty
days post
weaning. The fiber greasy weight started declining with
commencement of lactation in crossbred animals of both high and low
nutrition. The greasy mass again increased from the period of
weaning until fifty days post
weaning suggesting that crossbred
animals do not produce a lot of fiber at the expense of fetal and
kid growth. Since fiber production from the crossbred animals is
lower, I recommend that the Angora genotype be increased to gain
more fiber and further research be done on the
topic.
Advisors/Committee Members: P B Cronje (advisor), Prof N H Casey (advisor), Prof A E Nesamvuni (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Weaning;
Mid-lactation;
Parturition;
Fiber growth of goats;
Fifty days post weaning;
UCTD
Record Details
Similar Records
Cite
Share »
Record Details
Similar Records
Cite
« Share
❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
author], [. (2010). Fiber growth of goats as influenced by the doe’s
genotype, plane of nutrition and physiological stage (gestation and
lactation)
. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09212010-135511/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
author], [No. “Fiber growth of goats as influenced by the doe’s
genotype, plane of nutrition and physiological stage (gestation and
lactation)
.” 2010. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09212010-135511/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
author], [No. “Fiber growth of goats as influenced by the doe’s
genotype, plane of nutrition and physiological stage (gestation and
lactation)
.” 2010. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
author] [. Fiber growth of goats as influenced by the doe’s
genotype, plane of nutrition and physiological stage (gestation and
lactation)
. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2010. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09212010-135511/.
Council of Science Editors:
author] [. Fiber growth of goats as influenced by the doe’s
genotype, plane of nutrition and physiological stage (gestation and
lactation)
. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2010. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09212010-135511/
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. 
Open Access Theses and Dissertations