subject:(vaccine)

1. Jiz, Mario Antonio II L. Vaccine Development in Schistosomiasis japonica: Paramyosin As a Leading Candidate.

Degree: PhD, Division of Biology and Medicine. Pathobiology, 2009, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:175/

► Schistosomiasis is a chronic debilitating disease caused by helminths of the genus Schistosoma, and currently affecting millions in the developing world. Treatment with Praziquantel has… (more)

▼ Schistosomiasis is a chronic debilitating disease caused by helminths of the genus Schistosoma, and currently affecting millions in the developing world. Treatment with Praziquantel has reduced severe morbidities, however reinfection is common and subtle morbidities persist. Alternative control strategies such as vaccine-linked chemotherapy show great promise and warrant further development. This thesis describes vaccine development in schistosomiasis japonica, in conjunction with our recently concluded treatment-reinfection study of a Schistosoma japonicum-infected cohort in Leyte, Philippines (N=553). The promising vaccine candidate paramyosin remains under-evaluated due to challenges in large-scale recombinant production, and we address this need with a robust process to express and purify S. japonicum paramyosin (rSj97). Pilot scale production yielded 22.4 mg of >95% pure rSj97, with functional binding and structural properties similar to native paramyosin. Sera collected from the cohort one month post-treatment were analyzed for isotype-specific (IgA, IgE, IgG1, IgG4, total IgG) antibody responses to a panel of schistosome antigens (SWAP, rSj97, rSj67, rSj22) using a multiplexed bead-based assay. Repeated measures regression analysis with reinfection data up to 12 months post-treatment showed that IgE responses to rSj97 solely predicted resistance to reinfection (p=0.018), while IgG4 responses to all antigens associated with susceptibility, after adjusting for potential confounders. In combined IgE and IgG4 analysis to rSj97, individuals with only IgE responses had a 77% lower intensity of reinfection at 12 months post-treatment (p=0.016) compared to individuals with IgG4 but not IgE. Immunoscreening of an S. japonicum expression library for clones differentially recognized by the resistant but not susceptible subpopulation identified a novel vaccine candidate, Sj6-8. Sj6-8 was expressed in E. coli, and a similar repeated measures analysis demonstrated that IgE responses to rSj6-8 was marginally associated with resistance (p=0.065), predicting a 63% lower intensity of reinfection at 12 months post-treatment. Overall, this thesis further supports paramyosin as a leading vaccine candidate for schistosomiasis japonica, and our development of a pilot scale production process for rSj97 paves the way for further pre-clinical and eventual clinical testing of this promising vaccine candidate. Advisors/Committee Members: Kurtis, Jonathan (director), Knopf, Paul (reader), Friedman, Jennifer (reader), McGarvey, Stephen (reader), Reichner, Jonathan (reader).

Subjects/Keywords: vaccine

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jiz, M. A. I. L. (2009). Vaccine Development in Schistosomiasis japonica: Paramyosin As a Leading Candidate. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:175/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jiz, Mario Antonio II L. “Vaccine Development in Schistosomiasis japonica: Paramyosin As a Leading Candidate.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Brown University. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:175/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jiz, Mario Antonio II L. “Vaccine Development in Schistosomiasis japonica: Paramyosin As a Leading Candidate.” 2009. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Jiz MAIL. Vaccine Development in Schistosomiasis japonica: Paramyosin As a Leading Candidate. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brown University; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:175/.

Council of Science Editors:

Jiz MAIL. Vaccine Development in Schistosomiasis japonica: Paramyosin As a Leading Candidate. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brown University; 2009. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:175/

Université de Neuchâtel

2. Wyss, Jean-Christophe. Identification et caractérisation de protéines antigéniques de 'Borrelia burgdorferi' sensu lato.

Degree: 2012, Université de Neuchâtel

URL: http://doc.rero.ch/record/32347

► Borrelia afzelii, B. garinii, et B. burgdorferi sont trois des cinq espèces de Borrelia définitivement reconnues comme responsables de la borréliose de Lyme en Europe.… (more)

▼ Borrelia afzelii, B. garinii, et B. burgdorferi sont trois des cinq espèces de Borrelia définitivement reconnues comme responsables de la borréliose de Lyme en Europe. Cette maladie infectieuse est transmise par les tiques et se caractérise par des symptômes multiples en plusieurs étapes touchant le derme, les articulations, le système neurologique et cardiaque. Le but de cette étude est de révéler de nouvelles protéines antigéniques spécifiques de B. burgdorferi sensu lato et de les caractériser. L’'intérêt serait d’améliorer la détermination sérologique, la PCR de routine, et le diagnostic médical (symptômes / antigènes particuliers). Dans cette étude, deux approches globales ont été utilisées pour étudier les protéines antigéniques d'intérêts: une démarche protéomique et une démarche génomique. La partie protéomique consiste à étudier l’immunoprotéome de chaque espèce pathogène. Les fractions antigéniques des lysats protéiques totaux de B. burgdorferi sensu stricto VS215, B.garinii VS102 et B. afzelii VS461 ont été préparées en utilisant différentes colonnes d’immuno-affinités ayant une réactivité sérologique spécifique. Les protéines ont ensuite été séparées par électrophorèse bidimensionnelle pour obtenir des cartes de références spécifiques à chacune des espèces. 4 spots spécifiques ont été observés pour B. afzelii et 2 pour B. burgdorferi. La partie génomique consiste à étudier le protéome prédit de chaque espèce. Des algorithmes bioinformatiques ont été utilisés et une méthode a été décrite pour sélectionner les protéines potentiellement sécrétées par B. afzelii, B. burgdorferi et B.garinii (méthode rapide, facile et librement disponible à partir d’internet). Cette sélection a mis en évidence 3 candidats pour B. afzelii, 7 pour B. burgdorferi et 2 pour B.garinii. Ces deux approches donnent une vue de l’ensemble des antigènes de B. burgdorferi s.l. Finalement un exemple d’identification et de caractérisation de candidat a été faite. L'objectif de cette étude était d'identifier une protéine de 12 kDa de B. garinii réagissant avec l’anticorps monoclonal D6. La protéine a été extraite et soumise à une analyse de séquence LC-MS/MS. Cette analyse a révélé trois séquences polypeptidiques analogues à BB0477 (30S ribosomique S10), à BB0061 (thiorédoxine A), et à BB0390 (50 S ribosomique L7/L12). Les analyses génétiques ont été réalisées et deux polypeptides de la thiorédoxine A et un de la protéine ribosomique 50S ont ainsi été identifiés comme des épitoques potentiels. L’expression dans le vecteur PQR9 de E. coli suivie d’immunoblots a permit de montrer que les résidus 7-12 de la thiorédoxine A. sont reconnu par le D6. Cela a été confirmé par des expériences de compétition avec un peptide synthétique. Advisors/Committee Members: Oliver (Dir.), Bruno (Codir.).

Subjects/Keywords: Vaccine

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wyss, J. (2012). Identification et caractérisation de protéines antigéniques de 'Borrelia burgdorferi' sensu lato. (Thesis). Université de Neuchâtel. Retrieved from http://doc.rero.ch/record/32347

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wyss, Jean-Christophe. “Identification et caractérisation de protéines antigéniques de 'Borrelia burgdorferi' sensu lato.” 2012. Thesis, Université de Neuchâtel. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://doc.rero.ch/record/32347.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wyss, Jean-Christophe. “Identification et caractérisation de protéines antigéniques de 'Borrelia burgdorferi' sensu lato.” 2012. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Wyss J. Identification et caractérisation de protéines antigéniques de 'Borrelia burgdorferi' sensu lato. [Internet] [Thesis]. Université de Neuchâtel; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://doc.rero.ch/record/32347.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wyss J. Identification et caractérisation de protéines antigéniques de 'Borrelia burgdorferi' sensu lato. [Thesis]. Université de Neuchâtel; 2012. Available from: http://doc.rero.ch/record/32347

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

California State Polytechnic University – Pomona

3. Matthew, Slarve. Prevention and Treatment of Pulmonary Aspergillosis in MIce and Chickens.

Degree: MS, Department of Biological Sciences, 2020, California State Polytechnic University – Pomona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/215355

► The fungus Aspergillus can cause a serious pulmonary infection (aspergillosis) in immunocompromised patients, with 80% mortality if untreated. Aspergillosis also affects the poultry industry as… (more)

▼ The fungus Aspergillus can cause a serious pulmonary infection (aspergillosis) in immunocompromised patients, with 80% mortality if untreated. Aspergillosis also affects the poultry industry as chickens and turkeys are highly susceptible, leading to meat condemnation. Antifungal treatment for this infection has become more difficult with an increase in antifungal drug resistance, particularly azole resistance, for Aspergillus species such as Aspergillus fumigatus. In humans, this is further complicated by Aspergillus coinfection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa which grows as a biofilm in the lungs. Given the need for new treatments to meet these challenges, we have been working with Molecular Express Inc. to develop a liposomal vaccine with Aspergillus proteins to prevent aspergillosis in susceptible humans and poultry. This VesiVax?? liposomal vaccine includes aspf3 and aspf9 proteins and lipidated tucaersol adjuvant (LT1) administered intranasally (IN) to outbred female Swiss-Webster (SW) mice or mucosally (MU) to male and female SPF chickens. To examine coinfection of A. fumigatus with P. aeroginosa and the infection???s response to antifungal drugs, we used an in vitro transwell model that included P.aeruginosa growing as a biofilm on the transwell membrane above a culture of Candida albicans, in the presence or absence of antifungal liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome???, AmBi). In Study 1, vaccinated and control mice were IN challenged with two azole resistant strains of A.fumigatus, and in some mice, vaccination was paired with intravenous AmBi. Serum, lungs and BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) fluid were collected d3 post-challenge to analyze fungal burden in the lungs and BAL, and anti-A.fumigatus spore antibody titers of the serum. Remaining mice were monitored for morbidity to d21 post-challenge. In Study 2, chickens were MU vaccinated with the aspf3 and aspf9 vaccines, and compared to controls vaccinated with CMI liposomes without proteins, or PBS buffer. On d5 post-challenge, lungs, trachea, and serum were collected to analyze fungal burden and anti-A.fumigatus spore antibody titers. In Study 3, chickens received combination therapy with the vaccines and one dose of AmBi or PBS control. Lungs, trachea, and serum were collected on d5 post-challenge to analyze fungal burden and anti-A.fumigatus spore antibody titers. In Study 4 we set up an in vitro transwell lung model of bacterial/fungal coinfection. We put a P. aeruginosa biofilm on top of the transwell membrane and placed C. albicans below the membrane, with and without addition of 16 ??g/mL AmBi deposited above the bacterial biofilm. We tested for viable C.albicans after 24h of incubation and for the concentration of AmBi that got through the biofilm to interact with the fungus. Aspf3 and Aspf9 vaccines protected the SW mice against infection with azole resistant strains, and protection was further increased when the mice were also given a few doses of AmBi as measured by survival and decreased fungal burden. This protection correlated with increased… Advisors/Committee Members: Adler-Moore, Jill (advisor), Snyder, Jamie (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: vaccine

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APA (6^th Edition):

Matthew, S. (2020). Prevention and Treatment of Pulmonary Aspergillosis in MIce and Chickens. (Masters Thesis). California State Polytechnic University – Pomona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/215355

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Matthew, Slarve. “Prevention and Treatment of Pulmonary Aspergillosis in MIce and Chickens.” 2020. Masters Thesis, California State Polytechnic University – Pomona. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/215355.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Matthew, Slarve. “Prevention and Treatment of Pulmonary Aspergillosis in MIce and Chickens.” 2020. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Matthew S. Prevention and Treatment of Pulmonary Aspergillosis in MIce and Chickens. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. California State Polytechnic University – Pomona; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/215355.

Council of Science Editors:

Matthew S. Prevention and Treatment of Pulmonary Aspergillosis in MIce and Chickens. [Masters Thesis]. California State Polytechnic University – Pomona; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/215355

4. 後藤, 正志. 癌免疫療法剤評価システムの開発 : Development of cancer immunotherapy medicine evaluation system; ガンメンエキリョウホウザイヒョウカシステムノカイハツ.

Degree: Nara Institute of Science and Technology / 奈良先端科学技術大学院大学

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10061/4142

Subjects/Keywords: vaccine

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APA (6^th Edition):

後藤, �. (n.d.). 癌免疫療法剤評価システムの開発 : Development of cancer immunotherapy medicine evaluation system; ガンメンエキリョウホウザイヒョウカシステムノカイハツ. (Thesis). Nara Institute of Science and Technology / 奈良先端科学技術大学院大学. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10061/4142

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

後藤, 正志. “癌免疫療法剤評価システムの開発 : Development of cancer immunotherapy medicine evaluation system; ガンメンエキリョウホウザイヒョウカシステムノカイハツ.” Thesis, Nara Institute of Science and Technology / 奈良先端科学技術大学院大学. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10061/4142.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

後藤, 正志. “癌免疫療法剤評価システムの開発 : Development of cancer immunotherapy medicine evaluation system; ガンメンエキリョウホウザイヒョウカシステムノカイハツ.” Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.

Vancouver:

後藤 �. 癌免疫療法剤評価システムの開発 : Development of cancer immunotherapy medicine evaluation system; ガンメンエキリョウホウザイヒョウカシステムノカイハツ. [Internet] [Thesis]. Nara Institute of Science and Technology / 奈良先端科学技術大学院大学; [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10061/4142.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
No year of publication.

Council of Science Editors:

後藤 �. 癌免疫療法剤評価システムの開発 : Development of cancer immunotherapy medicine evaluation system; ガンメンエキリョウホウザイヒョウカシステムノカイハツ. [Thesis]. Nara Institute of Science and Technology / 奈良先端科学技術大学院大学; Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10061/4142

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
No year of publication.

5. Delaney, Kristen. A Flagellin-Poxvirus Antigen Vaccine: Strengths and Limitations.

Degree: 2009, Wake Forest University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10339/14912

► Bacterial flagellin is a potent adjuvant that enhances adaptive immune responses to a variety of antigens. The vaccinia virus antigens L1R and B5R are highly… (more)

▼ Bacterial flagellin is a potent adjuvant that enhances adaptive immune responses to a variety of antigens. The vaccinia virus antigens L1R and B5R are highly immunogenic in the context of the parent virus, but recombinant forms of the proteins are only weakly immunogenic. Therefore, we evaluated the response to these antigens when flagellin was used as an adjuvant. Although flagellin promoted a robust antigen-specific humoral response to poxvirus antigens delivered intranasally (i.n.) or intramuscularly (i.m.), intramuscular immunization resulted in significantly high titers of anti-L1R and B5R IgG. Flagellin/poxvirus antigen fusion proteins were more potent than flagellin and L1R and B5R as separate proteins as inducers of a humoral response against the poxvirus antigens. At least three immunizations with flagellin/poxvirus fusion proteins were required to confer protection in mice against challenge with vaccinia virus. Although mice were protected and exhibited only limited signs of disease, they still exhibited significant, but reversible weight loss. When immune mice were depleted of complement using cobra venom factor, 50% of the mice succumbed to vaccinia virus infection. These results demonstrate that flagellin-poxvirus antigen fusion proteins are effective in eliciting protective immunity against vaccinia virus that is dependent, in part, on complement. We evaluated the efficacy of additional flagellin-poxvirus antigen constructs to promote protective immunity and found that antigens can lose their immunogenicity when inserted into certain regions of flagellin. The loss of immunogenicity is dependent on the individual antigen, and was not the same for all antigens tested. When administering more than one immunogenic fusion protein antigen-specific titers decrease slightly, and the addition of excess flagellin will further decrease titers suggesting that there is a limit to the number of fusion proteins that can be administered in a single vaccine.

Subjects/Keywords: vaccine

…flagellin-pox antigen fusion vaccine 48 13 Plasma from immunized mice is capable of… …ABSTRACT Delaney, Kristen N. A FLAGELLIN-POXVIRUS ANTIGEN VACCINE: STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS… …can be administered in a single vaccine. x INTRODUCTION Variola Virus Pathogenesis and… …not permitted, vaccinia virus is used as a model agent in poxvirus vaccine studies… …remains infectious. It has been shown that acellular vaccine strategies that target both…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Delaney, K. (2009). A Flagellin-Poxvirus Antigen Vaccine: Strengths and Limitations. (Thesis). Wake Forest University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10339/14912

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Delaney, Kristen. “A Flagellin-Poxvirus Antigen Vaccine: Strengths and Limitations.” 2009. Thesis, Wake Forest University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10339/14912.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Delaney, Kristen. “A Flagellin-Poxvirus Antigen Vaccine: Strengths and Limitations.” 2009. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Delaney K. A Flagellin-Poxvirus Antigen Vaccine: Strengths and Limitations. [Internet] [Thesis]. Wake Forest University; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10339/14912.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Delaney K. A Flagellin-Poxvirus Antigen Vaccine: Strengths and Limitations. [Thesis]. Wake Forest University; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10339/14912

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

6. Smedberg, Jason. Determining the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vaccine Vectors.

Degree: 2014, Wake Forest University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10339/39297

► Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vaccine vectors have been engineered to express many different antigens. Studies in mice and nonhuman primates have demonstrated efficacy against several… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Vaccine

…ABSTRACT Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vaccine vectors have been engineered… …efficacy against several pathogens. A novel strategy to enhance VSV as an effective vaccine is to… …engineer vectors that induce innate immune mechanisms. We have generated an improved VSV vaccine… …prevents the virus from suppressing host responses and the addition of a vaccine adjuvant… …flagellin. VSV is currently in clinical trials as a recombinant vaccine vector against…

13 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Smedberg, J. (2014). Determining the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vaccine Vectors. (Thesis). Wake Forest University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10339/39297

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Smedberg, Jason. “Determining the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vaccine Vectors.” 2014. Thesis, Wake Forest University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10339/39297.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Smedberg, Jason. “Determining the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vaccine Vectors.” 2014. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Smedberg J. Determining the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vaccine Vectors. [Internet] [Thesis]. Wake Forest University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10339/39297.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Smedberg J. Determining the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vaccine Vectors. [Thesis]. Wake Forest University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10339/39297

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Baylor University

7. Zhou, Yiyang, 1988-. Plant-produced, trans-encapsidated, replicative viral nanoparticles as a vaccine platform.

Degree: PhD, Baylor University. Institute of Biomedical Studies., 2016, Baylor University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2104/9799

► Replicative virus-based vaccines provide potential solutions to avoid the natural deficits of traditional single-protein subunit vaccines. Unlike subunit vaccines, the infectious nature of viral particles… (more)

▼ Replicative virus-based vaccines provide potential solutions to avoid the natural deficits of traditional single-protein subunit vaccines. Unlike subunit vaccines, the infectious nature of viral particles can stimulate the innate immune response, which allows enhanced and elongated stimulation of antibody and T cell adaptive immunity. When these replicative vaccines are engineered to express antigen genes naturally in the patient's cells, cell mediated immunity is stimulated via the class I antigen presentation pathway, followed by a robust CD8+ T cell activation and interferon production. In this study, I aim to develop a safe, effective and cost-efficient transencapsidated replicative vaccine platform by encapsidating within strongly immunogenic tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) nanoparticles the self-replicative RNA of Flock House virus (FHV), an insect virus that also replicates in human and plant cells. By inserting the unique packaging signal of TMV into FHV RNA, the capsid of TMV assembles around the heterologous RNA, when TMV coat protein and FHV RNA are expressed in the same cell. First, the replication of different viral delivery vectors in both mammalian cells and plant cells was investigated and their cellular co-infection was demonstrated. The resulting successfully packaged chimeric nanoparticle improved antibody production over the standards after vaccination in mice. Next I detailed the specifics and techniques required to produce and purify these nanoparticle vaccines in planta via agroinoculation. To further explore the possibility of increasing the yield of plant-produced nanoparticle vaccines, an optimized spray-on inoculation method was developed using a low-toxicity surfactant to aid agro-inoculation. Unexpectedly, this also decreased contaminating plant pathogenesis-related proteins. A continuing study is also discussed on trans-locating FHV replication to endoplasmic reticulum, which suggests potential to further increase plant yield of nanoparticle vaccines as well. Advisors/Committee Members: Kearney, Christopher Michel, 1958- (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Virus. Vaccine.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zhou, Yiyang, 1. (2016). Plant-produced, trans-encapsidated, replicative viral nanoparticles as a vaccine platform. (Doctoral Dissertation). Baylor University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2104/9799

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhou, Yiyang, 1988-. “Plant-produced, trans-encapsidated, replicative viral nanoparticles as a vaccine platform.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Baylor University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/9799.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhou, Yiyang, 1988-. “Plant-produced, trans-encapsidated, replicative viral nanoparticles as a vaccine platform.” 2016. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhou, Yiyang 1. Plant-produced, trans-encapsidated, replicative viral nanoparticles as a vaccine platform. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Baylor University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2104/9799.

Council of Science Editors:

Zhou, Yiyang 1. Plant-produced, trans-encapsidated, replicative viral nanoparticles as a vaccine platform. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Baylor University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2104/9799

Boston University

8. Alonso, Adrian Miguel. Development of a multiple antigen presenting system (MAPS) vaccine for Group B Streptoccocus.

Degree: MS, Medical Sciences, 2018, Boston University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/30870

► BACKGROUND: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a Gram-positive bacterium that is a common cause of infection in neonates and is the predominant pathogen causing meningitis… (more)

▼ BACKGROUND: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a Gram-positive bacterium that is a common cause of infection in neonates and is the predominant pathogen causing meningitis in infants. Different vaccine formulations have been evaluated in preclinical and/or clinical settings, such as polysaccharide-based vaccines, protein-based, polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines, and most recently a Multiple Antigen Presenting System (MAPS) vaccine. MAPS is a vaccine that is being developed in the Malley laboratory at Boston Children’s Hospital that consists of GBS polysaccharides and proteins that are combined using affinity interactions. The overall aim of this thesis is to contribute towards the development of an effective MAPS vaccine by identifying high capsule-producing GBS isolates, optimizing conditions for polysaccharide purifications, characterizing the immune response to carrier protein derivatives, and creating MAPS complexes with GBS-specific protein carriers. METHODS: The serotypes of 61 GBS clinical isolates were identified via multiplex PCR. To determine high producing strains, the supernatant polysaccharide concentrations (SPC) for type Ia and III were measured by type 14 pneumococcal and GBS Ia ELISAs, respectively. In addition, type III isolates were grown in different conditions (shaking vs. static, Todd Hewitt Broth vs. Todd Hewitt Broth + 0.5% yeast extracts). For carrier protein production, genetically conserved alpC and rib were ligated onto a pet21b C terminally tagged rhizavidin (protein made by Rhizobium etli that has a very high affinity for biotin) vector. AlpC was purified and used to immunize rabbits. To determine whether the location of the terminal rhizavidin tag affected the immunogenicity of the proteins, we compared the serum titers of C- and N-terminally tagged proteins by ELISA. Additionally, AlpC was conjugated to purified pneumococcal type I polysaccharide for the creation of MAPS complexes. RESULTS: We serotyped 61 clinical GBS isolates, of which 18 were type Ia and 33 were type III. The type Ia isolate 21 and type III isolate 25 produced the most polysaccharide relative to the other isolates. The majority of the isolates for type III produced more capsule under shaking conditions and when grown in THY (Todd Hewitt Broth +0.5% yeast extracts). AlpC and rib were successfully cloned into pet21b CRhiz plasmid and purified. To determine if the position of the rhizavadin tag affected immunogenicity, AlpC-C terminus was sent for immunization onto rabbits. This protein generated similar antibody titers than a N-terminally tagged AlpC. DISCUSSION: The majority of isolates identified from patients were type Ia and III which corresponds to published data stating that Ia and III are amongst the most common serotypes associated with early onset disease. Production of capsule was greatest in isolate 21 for the Ias and isolate 25 for the III, which may be due to enhanced expression of the cps operon. The data for serum titers from AlpC revealed no major difference between titers generated by the… Advisors/Committee Members: Franzblau, Carl (advisor), Malley, Richard (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Microbiology; Vaccine

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APA (6^th Edition):

Alonso, A. M. (2018). Development of a multiple antigen presenting system (MAPS) vaccine for Group B Streptoccocus. (Masters Thesis). Boston University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2144/30870

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Alonso, Adrian Miguel. “Development of a multiple antigen presenting system (MAPS) vaccine for Group B Streptoccocus.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Boston University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2144/30870.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Alonso, Adrian Miguel. “Development of a multiple antigen presenting system (MAPS) vaccine for Group B Streptoccocus.” 2018. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Alonso AM. Development of a multiple antigen presenting system (MAPS) vaccine for Group B Streptoccocus. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Boston University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/30870.

Council of Science Editors:

Alonso AM. Development of a multiple antigen presenting system (MAPS) vaccine for Group B Streptoccocus. [Masters Thesis]. Boston University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/30870

9. Bello, Alexander Juanito Arquillano. Linking the tropism and transduction efficiency of porcine-derived adeno-associated viruses to their transgene-mediated protective efficacy.

Degree: Medical Microbiology, 2014, University of Manitoba

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23945

► Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a small, non-pathogenic virus, exploited as a vector for gene therapy applications, with many successful clinical trials. However, these vectors are… (more)

▼ Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a small, non-pathogenic virus, exploited as a vector for gene therapy applications, with many successful clinical trials. However, these vectors are based on human and non-human primate AAVs, to which there exists pre-existing immunity in the general population. We hypothesized AAVs having low seroprevalence in the human population can be isolated from alternate sources and can be an alternative to those used in current clinical trials. We also hypothesized that the close homology between pig and human tissues suggests that AAVs isolated from pigs would be able to transduce human cells efficiently. Porcine-derived AAVs preferred specific tissue targets when injected in vivo in mice and successfully transduced cells derived from humans. Immune responses generated against the AAV capsid are also important for determining the safety profile of the vectors; there still exists the possibility of the host mounting adverse immune responses against transduced cells, as seen in some of clinical trials. Although the transduction efficiency of AAV gene transfer has been extensively studied in animal models, the host’s immune response towards the gene product is still poorly understood. This thesis addresses the issue by providing a link between protective efficacy against lethal challenge and tissue tropism. Here, AAVs carrying an immunogenic transgene were developed, with the goal to identify those that can protect against lethal challenge of avian flu or Ebola virus in mice, and those that had poor protective efficacy. It was observed that the protective efficacy afforded by an AAV was serotype specific. The protective efficacy and immune responses were compared to the biodistribution and cellular targets of each AAV. Overall, AAVs sharing broad tropism in biodistribution studies had a tendency to protect mice against lethal challenge than those AAVs not found systemically. As well, those AAVs eliciting protective efficacy against lethal challenge were able to transduce antigen-presenting cells including dendritic and B cells. The link between tissue tropism and host immune responses has been poorly understood and this thesis contributes to the AAV field by highlighting the significance of the cellular targets of AAV and this relationship to protective efficacy. Advisors/Committee Members: Kobinger, Gary (Medical Microbiology) (supervisor), Fowke, Keith (Medical Microbiology) Yao, Xiaojian (Medical Microbiology) Kung, Sam (Immunology) Simpson, Elizabeth (University of British Columbia) (examiningcommittee).

Subjects/Keywords: AAV; Vaccine

12 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bello, A. J. A. (2014). Linking the tropism and transduction efficiency of porcine-derived adeno-associated viruses to their transgene-mediated protective efficacy. (Thesis). University of Manitoba. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23945

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bello, Alexander Juanito Arquillano. “Linking the tropism and transduction efficiency of porcine-derived adeno-associated viruses to their transgene-mediated protective efficacy.” 2014. Thesis, University of Manitoba. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23945.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bello, Alexander Juanito Arquillano. “Linking the tropism and transduction efficiency of porcine-derived adeno-associated viruses to their transgene-mediated protective efficacy.” 2014. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Bello AJA. Linking the tropism and transduction efficiency of porcine-derived adeno-associated viruses to their transgene-mediated protective efficacy. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23945.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Bello AJA. Linking the tropism and transduction efficiency of porcine-derived adeno-associated viruses to their transgene-mediated protective efficacy. [Thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23945

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Minnesota

10. Crabtree, Juliet. The Function of PTPN22 and the Autoimmune Risk Variant LypW in Immune Responses to Vaccination.

Degree: PhD, Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, 2016, University of Minnesota

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/182251

► High-affinity antibody production, T cell activation, and Interferon upregulation all contribute to protective immunity that occurs in humans following influenza immunization. Hematopoietic cell-specific PTPN22 encodes… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: PTPN22; Vaccine

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APA (6^th Edition):

Crabtree, J. (2016). The Function of PTPN22 and the Autoimmune Risk Variant LypW in Immune Responses to Vaccination. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/182251

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Crabtree, Juliet. “The Function of PTPN22 and the Autoimmune Risk Variant LypW in Immune Responses to Vaccination.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Minnesota. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11299/182251.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Crabtree, Juliet. “The Function of PTPN22 and the Autoimmune Risk Variant LypW in Immune Responses to Vaccination.” 2016. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Crabtree J. The Function of PTPN22 and the Autoimmune Risk Variant LypW in Immune Responses to Vaccination. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/182251.

Council of Science Editors:

Crabtree J. The Function of PTPN22 and the Autoimmune Risk Variant LypW in Immune Responses to Vaccination. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/182251

Georgia State University

11. Arana, Jorge E. Comparison of Post-Licensure Safety Surveillance of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine: Data from the Vaccine Advere Event Reporting System (Vaers).

Degree: MPH, Public Health, 2011, Georgia State University

URL: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/iph_theses/159

► Comparison of Post-licensure safety surveillance of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate vaccine and 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate vaccine: Data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS).… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Pneumococcal vaccine; vaccine; adverse event; Public Health

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APA (6^th Edition):

Arana, J. E. (2011). Comparison of Post-Licensure Safety Surveillance of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine: Data from the Vaccine Advere Event Reporting System (Vaers). (Thesis). Georgia State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/iph_theses/159

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Arana, Jorge E. “Comparison of Post-Licensure Safety Surveillance of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine: Data from the Vaccine Advere Event Reporting System (Vaers).” 2011. Thesis, Georgia State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/iph_theses/159.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Arana, Jorge E. “Comparison of Post-Licensure Safety Surveillance of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine: Data from the Vaccine Advere Event Reporting System (Vaers).” 2011. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Arana JE. Comparison of Post-Licensure Safety Surveillance of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine: Data from the Vaccine Advere Event Reporting System (Vaers). [Internet] [Thesis]. Georgia State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/iph_theses/159.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Arana JE. Comparison of Post-Licensure Safety Surveillance of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine: Data from the Vaccine Advere Event Reporting System (Vaers). [Thesis]. Georgia State University; 2011. Available from: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/iph_theses/159

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Rochester

12. Block, Olivia Kazumi Tono. Evaluation of Dengue Envelope Glycoprotein Domain III as a Subunit Vaccine Candidate for Prophylaxis of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever/Shock Syndrome.

Degree: PhD, 2011, University of Rochester

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/14602

► Antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) of dengue viral (DENV) infectivity poses a significant challenge to the development of broadly effective vaccines for the prevention of dengue… (more)

▼ Antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) of dengue viral (DENV) infectivity poses a significant challenge to the development of broadly effective vaccines for the prevention of dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). In this phenomenon, antibodies generated during an initial (primary) infection with one of four circulating DENV serotypes cross-react with, but fail to neutralize, a subsequently infecting serotype. The formation of such immune complexes is thought to enhance DENV infectivity by facilitating entry and subsequent replication of the virus in cells of the immune system that bear antibody Fcγ receptors. To address the need to stimulate a balanced neutralizing antibody response against all four DENV serotypes, most current vaccine strategies involve the administration of tetravalent live, attenuated or recombinant viral formulations that typically elicit both serotype-specific neutralizing, and antigenically cross-reactive but non-neutralizing, antibody responses. Thus, in the event that a balanced response is not achieved, all such formulations have the potential to facilitate ADE. In this thesis, I describe a DENV subunit vaccine strategy that involves administration of only one of three domains of the DENV envelope (E) glycoprotein derived from all four DENV serotypes. Domain III (dIII) is attractive for this purpose because it appears to contain epitopes capable of eliciting primarily serotype-specific virus neutralizing antibody responses. Here I examine the potential utility of an E glycoprotein dIII-based strategy to mediate broadly protective (i.e., tetravalent) DENV neutralizing antibody responses with minimal associated ADE activity. In addition, I investigate the mechanism by which DENV-immune complexes enhance entry and viral infectivity in cells expressing Fcγ receptors utilizing a panel of epitope-matched immunoglobulin switch variants and cell lines engineered to express either FcγRI or FcγRII. Results demonstrate that DENV neutralization is modulated by the antibody Fc region in a manner that is dependent upon IgG subclass, likely through effects on virion and FcγR binding. Thus, the IgG antibody subclass profile generated by DENV infection and/or vaccination appears to be a critically important parameter in the development of safe and effective vaccines for the prevention of DF, DHF and DSS.

Subjects/Keywords: Dengue; Vaccine; Envelope

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APA (6^th Edition):

Block, O. K. T. (2011). Evaluation of Dengue Envelope Glycoprotein Domain III as a Subunit Vaccine Candidate for Prophylaxis of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever/Shock Syndrome. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Rochester. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1802/14602

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Block, Olivia Kazumi Tono. “Evaluation of Dengue Envelope Glycoprotein Domain III as a Subunit Vaccine Candidate for Prophylaxis of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever/Shock Syndrome.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Rochester. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1802/14602.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Block, Olivia Kazumi Tono. “Evaluation of Dengue Envelope Glycoprotein Domain III as a Subunit Vaccine Candidate for Prophylaxis of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever/Shock Syndrome.” 2011. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Block OKT. Evaluation of Dengue Envelope Glycoprotein Domain III as a Subunit Vaccine Candidate for Prophylaxis of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever/Shock Syndrome. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Rochester; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/14602.

Council of Science Editors:

Block OKT. Evaluation of Dengue Envelope Glycoprotein Domain III as a Subunit Vaccine Candidate for Prophylaxis of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever/Shock Syndrome. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Rochester; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/14602

13. Deal, Cailin E. Conserved epitopes in Plasmodium falciparum and influenza A virus as targets for virus-vectored immunization.

Degree: 2014, Johns Hopkins University

URL: http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/37971

► The development of vaccines against infectious diseases has been highly successful. However, while effective vaccines have been licensed against many diseases such as smallpox, polio,… (more)

▼ The development of vaccines against infectious diseases has been highly successful. However, while effective vaccines have been licensed against many diseases such as smallpox, polio, measles, rubella, mumps, varicella, diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis, there are still a number of infectious diseases that continue to wreak havoc on public health. Many attempts have been made to create vaccines against intractable pathogens, such as HIV, malaria, and influenza A virus (IAV), but the construction of vaccines that induce broadly protective immunity against these diseases has proven difficult. This necessitates further research into conserved epitopes and new vaccine approaches. In this study, I investigate the role of a highly conserved epitope of influenza A virus, the M2 extracellular domain (M2e), in the viral life cycle; this region has become a major molecular target for universal IAV vaccines. Using in vitro transcomplementation assays with cell lines stably expressing M2e mutants, we determined that this region of the M2 protein is tolerable of mutations since directed alanine mutagenesis nor deletion of several amino acids attenuated IAV replication. This suggests that this portion of M2e is not required for function and that alternative reasons exist for the high conservation. In addition, the use of viral vectors for vaccines was investigated. Adenovirus (Ad) is a highly immunogenic viral vector. Recombinant Ads that display either the M2e or conserved HA2 alpha helix (HA2A) of IAV in hexon hypervariable regions were examined as potential universal influenza A vaccines. While these recombinant Ads were successfully created, they were not immunogenic in mice. Induction of effective immune responses by conventional vaccination methods is uncertain, especially for pathogens such as malaria and HIV. As an alternative to relying on an individuals’ immune system to mount a protective response, adeno-associated virus (AAV) was used to express previously characterized human broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) as a transgene. This ‘vectored immunoprophylaxis’ (VIP) approach allowed for rapid and high sustained expression of monoclonal antibodies to CSP that were capable of protecting mice from stringent sporozoite challenge, making this a viable approach for malaria prevention. Advisors/Committee Members: Guggino, William (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: vaccine; virus-vectors

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APA (6^th Edition):

Deal, C. E. (2014). Conserved epitopes in Plasmodium falciparum and influenza A virus as targets for virus-vectored immunization. (Thesis). Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved from http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/37971

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Deal, Cailin E. “Conserved epitopes in Plasmodium falciparum and influenza A virus as targets for virus-vectored immunization.” 2014. Thesis, Johns Hopkins University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/37971.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Deal, Cailin E. “Conserved epitopes in Plasmodium falciparum and influenza A virus as targets for virus-vectored immunization.” 2014. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Deal CE. Conserved epitopes in Plasmodium falciparum and influenza A virus as targets for virus-vectored immunization. [Internet] [Thesis]. Johns Hopkins University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/37971.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Deal CE. Conserved epitopes in Plasmodium falciparum and influenza A virus as targets for virus-vectored immunization. [Thesis]. Johns Hopkins University; 2014. Available from: http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/37971

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Texas A&M University

14. Carroll, Juliette E. Babesia microti Recombinant DNA Vaccine as a Model for Babesia bovis Prevention.

Degree: MS, Veterinary Parasitology, 2011, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-12-7248

► Babesiosis is caused by a genus of tick-transmitted apicomplexan parasites with considerable economic, medical, and veterinary impact. Bovine babesiosis is an important impediment to livestock… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Babesia spp. vaccine

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APA (6^th Edition):

Carroll, J. E. (2011). Babesia microti Recombinant DNA Vaccine as a Model for Babesia bovis Prevention. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-12-7248

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Carroll, Juliette E. “Babesia microti Recombinant DNA Vaccine as a Model for Babesia bovis Prevention.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-12-7248.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Carroll, Juliette E. “Babesia microti Recombinant DNA Vaccine as a Model for Babesia bovis Prevention.” 2011. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Carroll JE. Babesia microti Recombinant DNA Vaccine as a Model for Babesia bovis Prevention. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-12-7248.

Council of Science Editors:

Carroll JE. Babesia microti Recombinant DNA Vaccine as a Model for Babesia bovis Prevention. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-12-7248

University of Ottawa

15. Muralidharan, Abenaya. Towards Better Understanding of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine-Induced Enhanced Disease .

Degree: 2019, University of Ottawa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39216

At the author’s request, the abstract has been removed due to the confidential nature of the thesis. It will be added once the embargo period has passed.

Subjects/Keywords: Vaccine; RSV; Immunopathology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Muralidharan, A. (2019). Towards Better Understanding of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine-Induced Enhanced Disease . (Thesis). University of Ottawa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39216

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Muralidharan, Abenaya. “Towards Better Understanding of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine-Induced Enhanced Disease .” 2019. Thesis, University of Ottawa. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39216.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Muralidharan, Abenaya. “Towards Better Understanding of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine-Induced Enhanced Disease .” 2019. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Muralidharan A. Towards Better Understanding of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine-Induced Enhanced Disease . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39216.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Muralidharan A. Towards Better Understanding of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine-Induced Enhanced Disease . [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39216

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Victoria University of Wellington

16. Hunn, Martin Kent. Improving immunotherapy for high grade glioma.

Degree: 2015, Victoria University of Wellington

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/4869

► Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant primary brain tumour that is almost always fatal. Conventional treatment modalities are limited by toxicity. T cell-based immunotherapy is… (more)

▼ Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant primary brain tumour that is almost always fatal. Conventional treatment modalities are limited by toxicity. T cell-based immunotherapy is a promising alternative that has the potential to specifically target tumour cells. The author of this thesis was a principal investigator for a recently completed Phase I clinical trial in which patients with recurrent GBM were treated with surgery, dendritic cell-based immunotherapy and chemotherapy. In addition to conducting the trial in collaboration with others, the author used peripheral blood mononuclear cells from trial participants to assess anti-tumour immune responses before and after treatment. A broad correlation was observed between clinical outcome and anti-tumour immunity, with sustained progression-free survival occurring in two patients with baseline responses that persisted or increased after treatment. However, the overall clinical benefit was modest. For progress to be made, there is a need to develop a more potent vaccine. With this in mind, a novel “Glioma-Gal” vaccine was devised and tested in an orthotopic mouse model of glioma, This simple vaccine consisted of irradiated autologous tumour cells pulsed with the glycolipid alpha-galactosylceramide, an immunoadjuvant that induces invariant Natural Killer T cells to licence endogenous dendritic cells. The vaccine was shown to be effective in a therapeutic setting when accompanied by depletion of regulatory T cells. Mechanistically, vaccine efficacy was dependent on CD4 T cells and the mediastinal lymph node was shown to be an important site of T cell priming. It was further shown that components of the immune system necessary for the vaccine to work were present and competent in a cohort of GBM patients. The final chapters explore the idea of enhancing the therapeutic benefit of this vaccine by targeting certain tumour cell subsets or phenotypes. Cancer stem cells (CSC) are proposed to be a subset of tumour cells with a unique capacity for initiating and maintaining tumours. Eliminating these cells may therefore be both necessary and sufficient to achieve cure. Using the same mouse model, a variety of methods were assessed for their ability to isolate or enrich for a CSC subset. Of these, culture in serum-free medium in the presence of certain growth factors was shown to enrich for a more stem cell-like phenotype. However, a vaccine constructed from these stem cell-like cells was not more effective than the standard vaccine. Next, the author tested the hypothesis that a vaccine manipulated to target chemoresistant cells would be more effective than standard vaccine when used in combination with chemotherapy. However, the modified vaccine showed no advantage over standard vaccine in this model. In the course of these experiments, synergy was observed between the vaccine and the chemotherapy agent doxorubicin. The mechanism responsible for this supra-additive effect remains undetermined but is most likely due to an immunomodulatory effect of low dose doxorubicin.… Advisors/Committee Members: Hermans, Ian.

Subjects/Keywords: Glioma; Immunotherapy; Vaccine

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hunn, M. K. (2015). Improving immunotherapy for high grade glioma. (Doctoral Dissertation). Victoria University of Wellington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10063/4869

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hunn, Martin Kent. “Improving immunotherapy for high grade glioma.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Victoria University of Wellington. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/4869.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hunn, Martin Kent. “Improving immunotherapy for high grade glioma.” 2015. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Hunn MK. Improving immunotherapy for high grade glioma. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/4869.

Council of Science Editors:

Hunn MK. Improving immunotherapy for high grade glioma. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/4869

Oregon State University

17. Sloat, Brian R. Rational vaccine development 1) Design of a Triantigen Nasal Anthrax Vaccine Candidate 2) A Novel Lecithin Based Nanoparticle as a Vaccine Delivery System.

Degree: PhD, Pharmacy, 2010, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/15311

► Currently, the only anthrax vaccine licensed for human use in the United States is the Anthrax-vaccine-absorbed (AVA or Biothrax®). AVA suffers from several drawbacks, including… (more)

▼ Currently, the only anthrax vaccine licensed for human use in the United States is the Anthrax-vaccine-absorbed (AVA or Biothrax®). AVA suffers from several drawbacks, including a complicated and lengthy dosing schedule that requires six initial injections administered over eighteen months, followed by annual boosters. Therefore, a new generation anthrax vaccine that can be easily administered for rapid mass immunization and induce strong immune responses not only against the anthrax protective antigen protein, but also against the other virulent factors of Bacillus anthracis. To address these needs, a prototypic triantigen nasal anthrax vaccine candidate that contains a truncated PA (rPA63), the anthrax lethal factor (LF), and the capsular poly-γ-D-glutamic acid (γDPGA) as the antigens and a synthetic double-stranded RNA, polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic (pI:C) acid as the adjuvant. This study identified the optimal dose of nasal pI:C in mice, as well as showed that pI:C enhanced the proportion of dendritic cells (DCs) in local draining lymph nodes (LNs) and stimulated DC maturation. The γDPGA was shown to be immunogenic when conjugated to a carrier protein and dosed intranasally to mice. Further, the anti-PGA antibodies (Abs) were shown to be functional because they were able to activate complement and kill PGA-producing bacteria. Nasal immunization with LF alone and PA alone induced strong, functional anti-LF and anti-PA Abs. Nasal immunization of mice with the prototypic tri-antigen vaccine candidate induced strong immune responses against all three antigens. The immune responses protected macrophages against an anthrax lethal toxin challenge in vitro and enabled the immunized mice to survive a lethal dose of anthrax lethal toxin challenge in vivo. When used as a nasal vaccine adjuvant, pI:C is generally considered to be safe. However, repeated high doses of pI:C tended to induce some side effects, including fever and abnormal liver functions. Therefore, new adjuvants are constantly being sought. Over the past several decades, an accumulation of research has demonstrated the usefulness of nanoparticles as antigen carriers with adjuvant activity. A novel lecithin-based nanoparticle was engineered from emulsions. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and PA proteins were covalently conjugated onto the nanoparticles. Mice immunized with BSA conjugated nanoparticles developed strong anti-BSA Ab responses comparable to that induced by BSA adjuvanted with incomplete Freund’s adjuvant and 6.5-fold stronger than that induced by BSA adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide. Immunization of mice with the PA-conjugated nanoparticles elicited a quick, strong, and durable anti-PA Ab response that afforded protection of the mice against a lethal dose of anthrax lethal toxin challenge. The adjuvanticity of the nanoparticles was likely due to their ability to move antigens into local draining LNs, to enhance the uptake of the antigens by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and to activate APCs. Most vaccines require… Advisors/Committee Members: Cui, Zhengrong (advisor), Christensen, J. Mark (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: vaccine; Anthrax – Vaccination

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sloat, B. R. (2010). Rational vaccine development 1) Design of a Triantigen Nasal Anthrax Vaccine Candidate 2) A Novel Lecithin Based Nanoparticle as a Vaccine Delivery System. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/15311

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sloat, Brian R. “Rational vaccine development 1) Design of a Triantigen Nasal Anthrax Vaccine Candidate 2) A Novel Lecithin Based Nanoparticle as a Vaccine Delivery System.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/15311.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sloat, Brian R. “Rational vaccine development 1) Design of a Triantigen Nasal Anthrax Vaccine Candidate 2) A Novel Lecithin Based Nanoparticle as a Vaccine Delivery System.” 2010. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Sloat BR. Rational vaccine development 1) Design of a Triantigen Nasal Anthrax Vaccine Candidate 2) A Novel Lecithin Based Nanoparticle as a Vaccine Delivery System. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/15311.

Council of Science Editors:

Sloat BR. Rational vaccine development 1) Design of a Triantigen Nasal Anthrax Vaccine Candidate 2) A Novel Lecithin Based Nanoparticle as a Vaccine Delivery System. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/15311

University of Oxford

18. Bhatnagar, Sunali. Cavitation-enhanced transdermal vaccine delivery by ultrasound.

Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Oxford

URL: https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:069bdaa4-a32f-4c94-9ffa-163e63c85e20 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711764

► Currently, the most common route for vaccine delivery is by intramuscular injection with a needle and syringe. Injection has number of disadvantages, such as risk… (more)

▼ Currently, the most common route for vaccine delivery is by intramuscular injection with a needle and syringe. Injection has number of disadvantages, such as risk of infection at the i njection site, needle prick injuries, and needle phobia that leads to significant levels of patient non-compliance. Therefore, the focus of this thesis is the development of an alternative ultrasound-assisted transdermal vaccine delivery system. To do so, we target immunological Langerhans cells in the epidermal layer of the skin that efficiently provoke an immune response. The stratum corneum (SC) is a barrier that prevents conventional transdermal vaccine delivery. Methods such as microneedles, iontophoresis and thermal ablation are presented in literature for the permabilisation of this layer. Sonophoresis is the use of ultrasound to transport molecules through a medium. Previous studies have demonstrated that the key underpinning mechanism is inertial cavitation, which leads to permeabilisation of the SC and facilitates transdermal delivery. Most studies to date have pre-exposed the skin to ultrasound prior to delivery of a vaccine in liquid form as a droplet placed on the skin. This approach is not practical for widespread use, but more importantly fails to take advantage of the potential of cavitation-mediated micro streaming to enhance active transport of molecules beyond the permeabilised skin. The focus of the present work is the development of a complete system that enables storage of the vaccine in a readily useable gel form whilst promoting and monitoring cavitation activity to simultaneously permeabilise the skin and enhance transdermal vaccine transport. Through initial in vitro studies, we first demonstrated that inertial cavitation can be exploited to promote the active transport of molecular entities such as vaccine molecules from a gel into a biological medium. A gel vaccine dosage formulation is utilised in order to mimic current clinically approved and established clinical ultrasound coupling gel formulations. By comparing the effects mediated at two ultrasound frequencies (0.256 MHz vs 1 MHz) which preferentially promote cavitational microstreaming or acoustic streaming, ultrasound parameters most conducive to producing high levels of inertial cavitation were identified as 0.256 MHz and peak rarefactional pressures on the order of 1 MPa. Three vaccine loaded gels were then formulated with either micro- or nano-sized cavitation nuclei and assessed for the optimal acoustic and chemical characteristics at the predetermined ultrasound parameters. Nano-sized nuclei were shown to be most effective at lowering the inertial cavitation threshold, as well as instigating the highest and most sustained levels of inertial cavitation as indicated by broadband acoustic emissions at the ultrasound focus, without causing any structural damage to the vaccine molecules themselves. Ex vivo data has shown that nanoscale-nucleated inertial cavitation at the skin surface delivered a model vaccine Ovalbumin (OVA) to depths of 500 μm…

Subjects/Keywords: 614.4; Vaccine delivery

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bhatnagar, S. (2014). Cavitation-enhanced transdermal vaccine delivery by ultrasound. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:069bdaa4-a32f-4c94-9ffa-163e63c85e20 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711764

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bhatnagar, Sunali. “Cavitation-enhanced transdermal vaccine delivery by ultrasound.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:069bdaa4-a32f-4c94-9ffa-163e63c85e20 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711764.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bhatnagar, Sunali. “Cavitation-enhanced transdermal vaccine delivery by ultrasound.” 2014. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Bhatnagar S. Cavitation-enhanced transdermal vaccine delivery by ultrasound. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:069bdaa4-a32f-4c94-9ffa-163e63c85e20 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711764.

Council of Science Editors:

Bhatnagar S. Cavitation-enhanced transdermal vaccine delivery by ultrasound. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2014. Available from: https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:069bdaa4-a32f-4c94-9ffa-163e63c85e20 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711764

19. MORAN, HANNAH. The immunmodulatory properties of chitin-derived polymers are dictated by their deacetylation patterns.

Degree: School of Biochemistry & Immunology. Discipline of Biochemistry, 2018, Trinity College Dublin

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2262/82147

► The introduction of vaccines is regarded as one of the most successful medical interventions to date, due to their effectiveness at combating diseases that require… (more)

▼ The introduction of vaccines is regarded as one of the most successful medical interventions to date, due to their effectiveness at combating diseases that require the induction of a robust immune response. However there is a clear need for the development of new vaccines for diseases including HIV, TB and malaria and for cancer which require the induction of a potent cellular immune response. Advancements in the field of vaccine research have resulted in a move away from the use of whole organisms and towards the use of subunit vaccines which consist of highly purified antigens and thus offer a much more attractive safety profile. Adjuvants are immunostimulatory components that are included in subunit vaccine formulations to help to direct and amplify an appropriate adaptive immune response. The most commonly used adjuvant to date, alum, is incorporated into vaccine formulations that are aimed at inducing humoral immune responses however alum is a poor inducer of cellular immune responses. Chitosan is a cationic polysaccharide that has been examined in an adjuvant setting due to its biocompatible and biodegradable nature. The polysaccharide has been shown to have the capacity to induce Th1 cell responses following vaccination by injection or mucosal routes, supporting its application as an alternative to alum for vaccines that promote cell-mediated immunity. The objective of this research was to identify the relationship between the physico-chemical properties of chitin-derived polymers and the type of response induced. Treatment of DCs with a range of chitin-derived polymers with varying degrees of deacetylation revealed that polymers with a higher degree of deacetylation promote greater DC maturation and interferon production, dependent on signalling through the type I IFN receptor and the adaptor protein STING. Furthermore, highly deacetylated polymers were also shown to enhance antigen-specific Th1 responses in a STING-type I IFN-dependent manner. Overall these results indicate that through engagement with the STING-IFNAR pathway, the degree of chitosan deacetylation is a key determinant of the immune enhancing effects, with a higher degree of deacetylation leading to greater immunostimulatory effects. To date, no specific receptors have been identified as mediators of the interaction between chitosan and DCs. However several receptors have been associated with the recognition of chitin, chitosan?s naturally occurring precursor, including the C-type lectin receptor (CLR), Dectin-1. Thus a potential role for Dectin-1 in the recognition of chitosan by DCs was investigated. Previous studies have shown that while chitosan uptake by DCs is not dependent on dectin-1, the induction of type 1 interferons is compromised in the absence of the CLR. Furthermore the upregulation of DC activation markers by chitosan are abrogated in the absence of dectin-1, providing further evidence of a role for dectin-1 signalling in chitosan adjuvanticity. The activation of the cGAS-STING pathway by chitosan is induced by mitochondrial… Advisors/Committee Members: Lavelle, Edward.

Subjects/Keywords: vaccine; adjuvant; chitosan

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APA (6^th Edition):

MORAN, H. (2018). The immunmodulatory properties of chitin-derived polymers are dictated by their deacetylation patterns. (Thesis). Trinity College Dublin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2262/82147

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

MORAN, HANNAH. “The immunmodulatory properties of chitin-derived polymers are dictated by their deacetylation patterns.” 2018. Thesis, Trinity College Dublin. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2262/82147.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

MORAN, HANNAH. “The immunmodulatory properties of chitin-derived polymers are dictated by their deacetylation patterns.” 2018. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

MORAN H. The immunmodulatory properties of chitin-derived polymers are dictated by their deacetylation patterns. [Internet] [Thesis]. Trinity College Dublin; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2262/82147.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

MORAN H. The immunmodulatory properties of chitin-derived polymers are dictated by their deacetylation patterns. [Thesis]. Trinity College Dublin; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2262/82147

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

20. Pusic, Kae Myriam. Immunological investigations to re-engineer a Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage human malaria vaccine.

Degree: 2016, University of Hawaii – Manoa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101525

►

Ph.D. University of Hawaii at Manoa 2012.

Despite decades of intensive research, malaria remains one of the most prevalent and devastating infectious diseases in the… (more)

▼

Ph.D. University of Hawaii at Manoa 2012.

Despite decades of intensive research, malaria remains one of the most prevalent and devastating infectious diseases in the developing world. There is dire need for an effective malaria vaccine. The Merozoite Surface Protein of P. falciparum, MSP1-42, is one of the leading candidates for a blood-stage malaria vaccine. However, clinical trials of MSP1-42 show no efficacy. Here, we provide in vivo evidence that T cell epitope regions at the N-termjnus of MSP1-42 (MSP1-33) provide functional help in inducing antibodies to the C-terminal protective fragment (MSP1-19). We further demonstrated that these T cell epitopes positively or negatively influenced antibody responses directed towards MSP1-19. Differential recognition of these regions by humans may play a critical role in natural immunity to MSP1-4;, and may also be a critical determinant of vaccine efficacy. This study provides the rational basis to re-engineer more efficacious MSP1-42 vaccines by selective inclusion and exclusion of MSP1-33 specific T cell epitopes. Another major obstacle in the development of a subunit recombinant MSP1-42 malaria vaccine is the availability of safe and effective adjuvants that can potentiate a robust protective immune response. Currently, the adjuvant formulations suitable for clinical testing are very limited. Alternate strategies to enhance vaccine immunogenicity need to be explored and developed. One such strategy is the use of particle-mediated delivery systems such as nanoparticles. Here, we demonstrated the use of inorganic nanoparticles (<15nm) as a potent vaccine delivery platform to enhance the immunogenicity of the recombinant malaria vaccine antigen without additional adjuvants. Results showed that the inorganic nanoparticle delivery platform was as effective in enhancing immunogenicity as the malaria antigen administered with a clinically acceptable adjuvant. Moreover, the malaria vaccine/nanoparticle formulation induced parasite inhibitory antibodies in more than one animal species. Preliminary toxicity studies showed no significant deviations from normal clinical values. We also investigated the effects of nanoparticle uptake by dendritic cell and macrophages and showed that targeting to these antigen presenting cells may be one of the principle modes of action in enhancing vaccine induced immune responses. Our results indicate that the inorganic nanoparticles is a viable vaccine delivery platform for further clinical development.

Subjects/Keywords: malaria; vaccine; adjuvant

11 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pusic, K. M. (2016). Immunological investigations to re-engineer a Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage human malaria vaccine. (Thesis). University of Hawaii – Manoa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101525

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pusic, Kae Myriam. “Immunological investigations to re-engineer a Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage human malaria vaccine.” 2016. Thesis, University of Hawaii – Manoa. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101525.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pusic, Kae Myriam. “Immunological investigations to re-engineer a Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage human malaria vaccine.” 2016. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Pusic KM. Immunological investigations to re-engineer a Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage human malaria vaccine. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hawaii – Manoa; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101525.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Pusic KM. Immunological investigations to re-engineer a Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage human malaria vaccine. [Thesis]. University of Hawaii – Manoa; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101525

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Kansas State University

21. Engels, Justin Allen. Bovine salmonellosis and the challenge of developing cross protective vaccines for this disease.

Degree: MSin Biomedical Sciences, Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, 2017, Kansas State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36229

► Salmonella contamination of meat is a leading cause of foodborne illness around the world. Nontyphoidal Salmonella are responsible for an estimated 94 million infections and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Salmonella; Bovine; Vaccine

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APA (6^th Edition):

Engels, J. A. (2017). Bovine salmonellosis and the challenge of developing cross protective vaccines for this disease. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36229

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Engels, Justin Allen. “Bovine salmonellosis and the challenge of developing cross protective vaccines for this disease.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36229.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Engels, Justin Allen. “Bovine salmonellosis and the challenge of developing cross protective vaccines for this disease.” 2017. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Engels JA. Bovine salmonellosis and the challenge of developing cross protective vaccines for this disease. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36229.

Council of Science Editors:

Engels JA. Bovine salmonellosis and the challenge of developing cross protective vaccines for this disease. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36229

University of New South Wales

22. Sharpe, Sue. Immunoprophylaxis against salmonella in commercial layer chickens.

Degree: Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, 2016, University of New South Wales

URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/56953 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:42142/SOURCE02?view=true

► Salmonellosis is one of the most common foodborne bacterial diseases globally. Salmonella does not commonly cause disease in poultry; however they are important reservoirs of… (more)

▼ Salmonellosis is one of the most common foodborne bacterial diseases globally. Salmonella does not commonly cause disease in poultry; however they are important reservoirs of Salmonella in the human food chain and management is critical. Attenuated or inactivated Salmonella vaccines have had variable impact upon colonisation. An aroA gene deleted attenuated live vaccine has been released in Australia, whilst an inactivated vaccine has been successfully used by an Australian poultry company for some years.The main aim of this project was to evaluate the efficacy of a Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) attenuated vaccine, alone or in combination with an inactivated multivalent autogenous vaccine that contained Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Infantis, Salmonella Zanzibar and Salmonella Montevideo, administered by four delivery methods, to aid the control of Salmonella in egg layer chickens. Following vaccination, a number of the birds were challenged at four ages with one of the following field-isolated serovars: Typhimurium, Infantis or Virchow. Twenty-one days following challenge the birds were euthanized and their caeca cultured for Salmonella. Throughout the study, the birds were bled at various ages to measure seroconversion, assessed as anti-Salmonella Typhimurium antibody levels; pre and post challenge.The quantitative investigation of the challenge strain in the caecum revealed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) lower challenge strain burden in the parenteral vaccinated groups compared with the non-vaccinated control group up to an age of 22 weeks. The antibody responses varied, though the combination of the attenuated vaccine given by subcutaneous injection at 6 weeks and the inactivated vaccine given by intramuscular injection at 12 weeks of age gave the highest titres. The protective effects were demonstrated for the homologous challenge strains but not the heterologous strain. This study has shown that it is necessary to provoke a strong humoral response by vaccination, in commercial layers to reduce the contamination of eggs and egg products. The pre-lay period of layers is considered an especially important age to have control over Salmonella colonisation. Thereby, if the bird is protected, the transmission of Salmonella serovars of public health importance will be reduced, if not eliminated. Advisors/Committee Members: Cox, Julian, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW, Groves, Peter, The University of Sydney.

Subjects/Keywords: Vaccine; Salmonella; Poultry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sharpe, S. (2016). Immunoprophylaxis against salmonella in commercial layer chickens. (Masters Thesis). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/56953 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:42142/SOURCE02?view=true

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sharpe, Sue. “Immunoprophylaxis against salmonella in commercial layer chickens.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of New South Wales. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/56953 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:42142/SOURCE02?view=true.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sharpe, Sue. “Immunoprophylaxis against salmonella in commercial layer chickens.” 2016. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Sharpe S. Immunoprophylaxis against salmonella in commercial layer chickens. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of New South Wales; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/56953 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:42142/SOURCE02?view=true.

Council of Science Editors:

Sharpe S. Immunoprophylaxis against salmonella in commercial layer chickens. [Masters Thesis]. University of New South Wales; 2016. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/56953 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:42142/SOURCE02?view=true

University of Saskatchewan

23. Sokaribo, Akosiererem Senibo. Investigation of Non-typhoidal Salmonella pathogenesis, Biofilm and Vaccine development.

Degree: 2021, University of Saskatchewan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/13185

► Salmonella are a diverse group of pathogenic bacteria that remains a serious public health concern worldwide. Understanding the mechanism of pathogenesis and transmission are important… (more)

▼ Salmonella are a diverse group of pathogenic bacteria that remains a serious public health concern worldwide. Understanding the mechanism of pathogenesis and transmission are important for the development of effective vaccines, and strategies to mitigate Salmonella infections. In this thesis I investigate different aspects of Salmonella biology. Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) associated with gastroenteritis worldwide are the leading cause of bloodstream infections in sub-Saharan Africa. The invasive NTS (iNTS) differ from gastroenteritis causing isolates by more than 700 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). I identified a conserved SNP in invasive S. Typhimurium D23580 that results in a missense mutation in the sensory domain of a diguanylate cyclase enzyme, STM1987. STM1987 catalyzes the formation of c-di-GMP, which positively regulates cellulose production. Previous studies have shown that Salmonella produces cellulose inside macrophages as an antivirulence factor. The mutation in STM1987 results in a 10-fold drop in cellulose production, and increased survival inside human and murine macrophage cell lines. Using competitive index experiments, I showed that compared to wildtype, S. Typhimurium with SNP in stm1987 have increased virulence in mice. My results showed that STM1987 plays a role in Salmonella virulence during infection. Due to the high mortality rate associated with infections a vaccine is urgently needed to reduce incidence of iNTS. With the rise in antibiotic resistant isolates, there is a growing need for an effective vaccine to reduce the prevalence of diseases caused by NTS and iNTS. Current vaccine development strategies are focued on extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) present on bacterial surface. My first objective was to boost the biosynthesis of EPS O-Antigen capsule and purify large quantities for immunization trials in mice. Using random mutagenesis, colanic acid production was increased instead of O-Antigen capsule. Immunization with colanic acid alone or colanic acid conjugated to carrier proteins did not induce a protective response in mice against Salmonella. However, generalized modules for membrane antigens (GMMAs) purified from colanic acid overproducing strains induced a partially protective response against a lethal Salmonella challenge in mice. My work shows that GMMAs can be developed as potential vaccine candidates against NTS and iNTS infections. In addition to vaccine development, strategies to reduce Salmonella transmission will also reduce the global prevalence of NTS and iNTS. Biofilm formation is important for the long-term survival of Salmonella in the environment. Similar to sporulation, biofilm formation is induced as a survival strategy under conditions of starvation, however it has not been determined if biofilm formation is also a committed (point of no return) process like sporulation. Salmonella biofilm formation is subject to tight and complex regulation through transcription factor CsgD. Using luciferase reporter assays, I examined the regulation of csgD… Advisors/Committee Members: White, Aaron P, van den Hurk, Sylvia, Bull, Harold, Cygler, Miroslaw, Luo, Yu.

Subjects/Keywords: Salmonella; Vaccine; Biofilm

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sokaribo, A. S. (2021). Investigation of Non-typhoidal Salmonella pathogenesis, Biofilm and Vaccine development. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/13185

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sokaribo, Akosiererem Senibo. “Investigation of Non-typhoidal Salmonella pathogenesis, Biofilm and Vaccine development.” 2021. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/13185.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sokaribo, Akosiererem Senibo. “Investigation of Non-typhoidal Salmonella pathogenesis, Biofilm and Vaccine development.” 2021. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Sokaribo AS. Investigation of Non-typhoidal Salmonella pathogenesis, Biofilm and Vaccine development. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2021. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/13185.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sokaribo AS. Investigation of Non-typhoidal Salmonella pathogenesis, Biofilm and Vaccine development. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2021. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/13185

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

24. Jaiswal Varun. Development of Immunoinformatics Tools for Vaccine Design;.

Degree: 2014, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan

URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/26246

►

Though vaccines against many diseases are available but those are not effective when strain variability is very high and immune response is poor These strain… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Adhesin; Epitope-based Vaccine Candidate; Host Pathogen Interaction; Jenner; Universal Influenza Vaccine (UIV); Vaccine Design

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APA (6^th Edition):

Varun, J. (2014). Development of Immunoinformatics Tools for Vaccine Design;. (Thesis). Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/26246

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Varun, Jaiswal. “Development of Immunoinformatics Tools for Vaccine Design;.” 2014. Thesis, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/26246.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Varun, Jaiswal. “Development of Immunoinformatics Tools for Vaccine Design;.” 2014. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Varun J. Development of Immunoinformatics Tools for Vaccine Design;. [Internet] [Thesis]. Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/26246.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Varun J. Development of Immunoinformatics Tools for Vaccine Design;. [Thesis]. Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan; 2014. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/26246

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of South Florida

25. Vázquez-Otero, Coralia. Understanding the adoption process of an HPV vaccine school-entry requirement in Puerto Rico.

Degree: 2019, University of South Florida

URL: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/8420

► Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the US. Infection with low-risk HPV (i.e., 6 and 11) can cause genital… (more)

▼ Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the US. Infection with low-risk HPV (i.e., 6 and 11) can cause genital warts, and persistent infection with high-risk HPV types (i.e., HPV 16 and 18) can progress to cancer. Currently, there is an HPV vaccine that is recommended for boys and girls, aged 11 to 12. Healthy People 2020 established a national objective of 80% completion of HPV vaccination among children aged 13 to 15 years old. Although the HPV vaccine is proven to be a safe and effective primary prevention strategy, uptake and completion rates remain low in the US. Vaccination mandates for school entrance are an effective strategy to improve vaccination coverage. In the US, HPV vaccine policies vary; some legislate in favor of educational campaigns, while others require health insurance to cover the HPV vaccine or require it for middle-school entry. Currently, only Virginia, Rhode Island, and Washington DC require the HPV vaccine for school entrance. In Puerto Rico (PR) the Department of Health recently approved the HPV vaccine school-entry requirement for children 11 to 12 years old, starting in fall 2018. Despite HPV vaccination’s cancer-preventive properties and vaccine mandates’ effectiveness, HPV vaccine school-entry requirements have not been widely adopted in the US. Guided by the Multiple Streams Approach, the purpose of this study was to understand the adoption process of PR’s HPV vaccine school-entry requirement. Phase 1 consisted of an HPV vaccine school-entry approval process (in favor/against). Purposive sampling was used to recruit stakeholders identified from online sources, by consulting local experts, and utilizing snowball sampling. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Data were analyzed using applied thematic analysis. Phase 2 consisted of a content analysis of PR’s newspapers from January 1st, 2015 to July 31st, 2018. Data were described quantitatively and qualitatively. From 21 stakeholders that were interviewed, only one person expressed views against the HPV vaccine school-entry requirement. The stakeholders highlighted problems such as, the high incidence of HPV and HPV-related cancers in PR (e.g., cervical/oropharyngeal) that needed to be resolved. Social factors such as the case of Rhaiza López Plumey, a young mother, who died of cervical cancer in 2015, and the VOCES HPV Advisory Panel Report served as focusing events that motivated the adoption process. Stakeholders also discussed other policy initiatives, such as changes to the current immunization law. The political turn-over in key government positions facilitated the adoption process. During the summer of 2017, a policy window opened, and the HPV vaccine school-entry requirement was adopted in the summer of 2018. The policy entrepreneurs worked on what was needed for the HPV vaccine school-entry requirement to be adopted through collaborations among different sectors. A total of 286 news articles included the key terms “HPV” or “human papillomavirus” in Spanish. Thirty-four…

Subjects/Keywords: cancer prevention; HPV vaccine; HPV vaccine school-entry requirement; Puerto Rico; vaccine mandates; Public Health

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APA (6^th Edition):

Vázquez-Otero, C. (2019). Understanding the adoption process of an HPV vaccine school-entry requirement in Puerto Rico. (Thesis). University of South Florida. Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/8420

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Vázquez-Otero, Coralia. “Understanding the adoption process of an HPV vaccine school-entry requirement in Puerto Rico.” 2019. Thesis, University of South Florida. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/8420.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vázquez-Otero, Coralia. “Understanding the adoption process of an HPV vaccine school-entry requirement in Puerto Rico.” 2019. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Vázquez-Otero C. Understanding the adoption process of an HPV vaccine school-entry requirement in Puerto Rico. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of South Florida; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/8420.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Vázquez-Otero C. Understanding the adoption process of an HPV vaccine school-entry requirement in Puerto Rico. [Thesis]. University of South Florida; 2019. Available from: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/8420

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Boston University

26. Johnson, Meredith. Motivational interviewing for vaccine hesitant parents.

Degree: MS, Physician Assistant Program, 2017, Boston University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/26708

► BACKGROUND: The widespread use of vaccines led to significant decline in multiple potentially fatal infectious diseases. Recently, there has been an increase in vaccine hesitancy.… (more)

▼ BACKGROUND: The widespread use of vaccines led to significant decline in multiple potentially fatal infectious diseases. Recently, there has been an increase in vaccine hesitancy. Measles and pertussis outbreaks throughout the United States have put a spotlight on this urgent healthcare issue. Motivational interviewing is a counseling tactic that is gaining popularity and is being studied for its efficacy in preventative medicine and psychological disorders. It aims to inspire people to make behavioral changes through collaborative relationships with their provider by understanding how current actions do not translate into their health goals. LITERATURE REVIEW FINDINGS: Vaccine hesitancy is growing. Communities with decreased immunization rates are associated with a higher risk of disease outbreak. Increasing rates of undervaccinated children are likely due to increases in non-medical exemptions. Many parents, regardless of their vaccine hesitancy status, are concerned about vaccine safety. Vaccine hesitant parents refuse vaccines due to philosophical and religious beliefs, conspiracy theories, and safety concerns. Parents feel that providers do not adequately address their concern. Providers report not having the training to discredit parental concerns. The majority of parents describe their child’s pediatrician as their most trusted source of vaccine information. Parents who receive vaccine information from a provider are more likely to comply with the recommended childhood vaccine schedule. The most efficient way to discuss vaccines with parents has yet to be determined. PROPOSED PROJECT: This is a proposed QI research project for the Pediatric Clinic at Boston Medical Center. Providers would be trained in motivational interviewing during several sessions that included lectures and small group practice sessions with systematic feedback. During the intervention, parents who refuse vaccines for their child, aged 0-6 years old, will receive motivational interviewing from the provider. The proportion of the vaccine hesitant parents who accept the offered vaccine after will be analyzed. The pre and post intervention vaccination rates for the entire clinic will also be assessed. Data collection will be preformed through retrospective chart review. The project aims to increase provider confidence on vaccine counseling, educate providers on reasons for hesitancy, and improve compliance with the CDC recommended vaccine schedule. CONCLUSION: While most Americans continue to vaccinate their children according to the CDC’s recommended schedule, constant vigilance is required to maintain high immunization rates to protect our communities. Motivational interviewing is goal-oriented to alter a specific behavior and would allow providers to engage in an open, persuasive dialogue about parental vaccine concerns.

Subjects/Keywords: Medicine; Anti-vaccine; Childhood vaccines; Immunization schedule; Motivational interviewing; Vaccine hesitancy; Vaccine hesitant parents

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APA (6^th Edition):

Johnson, M. (2017). Motivational interviewing for vaccine hesitant parents. (Masters Thesis). Boston University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2144/26708

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Johnson, Meredith. “Motivational interviewing for vaccine hesitant parents.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Boston University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2144/26708.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Johnson, Meredith. “Motivational interviewing for vaccine hesitant parents.” 2017. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Johnson M. Motivational interviewing for vaccine hesitant parents. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Boston University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/26708.

Council of Science Editors:

Johnson M. Motivational interviewing for vaccine hesitant parents. [Masters Thesis]. Boston University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/26708

University of Oregon

27. Cameron, Zoe Bauzon. Parental Narratives of Vaccination Practices in the State of Oregon.

Degree: 2019, University of Oregon

URL: https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/25002

► In public health, vaccines are widely regarded as the most effective protection method against communicable diseases and are credited with greatly reducing incidence of diseases… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Human Physiology; Anti-vaccination Movement; Vaccine Hesitancy; Vaccine Refusal; Vaccine Compliance; Non-medical Exemption

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cameron, Z. B. (2019). Parental Narratives of Vaccination Practices in the State of Oregon. (Thesis). University of Oregon. Retrieved from https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/25002

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cameron, Zoe Bauzon. “Parental Narratives of Vaccination Practices in the State of Oregon.” 2019. Thesis, University of Oregon. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/25002.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cameron, Zoe Bauzon. “Parental Narratives of Vaccination Practices in the State of Oregon.” 2019. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Cameron ZB. Parental Narratives of Vaccination Practices in the State of Oregon. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Oregon; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/25002.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cameron ZB. Parental Narratives of Vaccination Practices in the State of Oregon. [Thesis]. University of Oregon; 2019. Available from: https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/25002

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Sydney

28. Wadanambi Arachchige, Sanjay Harsha Jayasinghe. Long-term impact and effectiveness of vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease in Australian children .

Degree: 2019, University of Sydney

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20156

► Pneumococcal disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children globally. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), available since early 2000, had proven efficacy to… (more)

▼ Pneumococcal disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children globally. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), available since early 2000, had proven efficacy to prevent invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD)-the sever form of pneumococcal infections. For Australian children PCV had been publicly funded through the national immunisation program, initially in 2001 for those with increased disease risk which included Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and from 2005 for all children. The schedule of PCV used in Australia comprising three doses at age 2, 4 and 6 months (called 3+0 schedule) was unique for a developed country. The first PCV used was one covering 7 serotypes of pneumococcus (7vPCV) and in 2011 a PCV that covered 6 more serotypes (13vPCV) replaced 7vPCV. Research contained in this thesis is the first to assess how well PCV prevented IPD among Australian children. After 9 years of combined PCV use IPD in young children declined by over 80%. Together with the added benefit of herd immunity that led to large reductions in IPD in older age groups there was a halving of the all-age total IPD burden. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 3 doses against vaccine-type IPD in infancy was ~90% for both PCVs. A major finding in this research was the 5 times higher odds of vaccine-type IPD if the last PCV dose was 24–36 months ago compared to within the last 12 months. This finding of waning VE was a vital piece of evidence that supported the recommendation to move the 3rd dose of 13vPCV in the 3+0 schedule to become a booster dose (i.e. 2+1 schedule) for Australian children from July 2018. Using a data linkage method the impact of PCVs on IPD in children with underlying medical conditions predisposing to pneumococcal infection was explored separately. This highlighted the persistent IPD burden in children with immunosuppression, splenic dysfunction and breach in the CSF barrier, possibly due to opportunistic infection from non-vaccine serotypes.

Subjects/Keywords: Pneumococcal disease; Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; Vaccine impact; Vaccine effectiveness; Risk factors; Australia

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wadanambi Arachchige, S. H. J. (2019). Long-term impact and effectiveness of vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease in Australian children . (Thesis). University of Sydney. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20156

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wadanambi Arachchige, Sanjay Harsha Jayasinghe. “Long-term impact and effectiveness of vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease in Australian children .” 2019. Thesis, University of Sydney. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20156.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wadanambi Arachchige, Sanjay Harsha Jayasinghe. “Long-term impact and effectiveness of vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease in Australian children .” 2019. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Wadanambi Arachchige SHJ. Long-term impact and effectiveness of vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease in Australian children . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Sydney; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20156.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wadanambi Arachchige SHJ. Long-term impact and effectiveness of vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease in Australian children . [Thesis]. University of Sydney; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20156

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

RMIT University

29. Taylor, K. Evaluation of the vaccine potential of malarial TCTP.

Degree: 2008, RMIT University

URL: http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:6825

► Malaria is a widespread parasitic disease, causing 300-500 million infections per year and resulting in over 1 million deaths. There is widespread resistance of the… (more)

▼ Malaria is a widespread parasitic disease, causing 300-500 million infections per year and resulting in over 1 million deaths. There is widespread resistance of the parasite to most of the antimalarial treatments available, indicating the need for a vaccine (http://www.rbm.who.int/wmr2005/). The translationally controlled tumour protein (TCTP) family are highly conserved eukaryotic proteins that have been assigned a variety of functions. While most studies have focused on the intracellular functions of TCTP, human, malarial and other parasitic TCTPs have also been reported to have extracellular functions in the induction of histamine release from immune cells (e.g. MacDonald et al., 2001; Rao et al., 2002). Malarial TCTP has been detected in the sera of malaria-infected individuals (MacDonald et al., 2001) and is also known to bind to the antimalarial drug artemisinin (Bhisutthibhan et al., 1998). In this study, TCTP was investigated as a malarial vaccine candidate due to a previously observed protective effect in mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii YM. In that study, PfTCTP immunisation conferred a significant delay in disease progression, as judged by reduced parasitemia and prolonged survival (Taylor, 2002). It was thought that the protective effect might have been due to the inhibition of the extracellular actions of malarial TCTP by the acquired host immune response. P. falciparum and P. yoelii TCTP were initially expressed in S. cerevisiae, as in the previous study. The recombinant proteins were used to vaccinate mice, which were then challenged with two strains of P. yoelii. No protective effect was observed for either vaccine, and so the previous results using PfTCTP could not be confirmed. The TCTP of P. yoelii and P. berghei were then expressed in E. coli, which increased yield and decreased proteolysis. The recombinant proteins were used as vaccines in mice challenged with P. yoelii YM, P. c. chabaudi AS, or P. berghei ANKA. A significant delay in disease progression was observed in PyTCTP-immunised mice challenged with the non-lethal P.c. chabaudi, as determined by a significantly reduced parasitemia at each day post-infection leading up to a delayed peak parasitemia. A significant reduction in parasitemia was also observed in the early stages of P. yoelii YM infection in PyTCTP-immunised mice. P. berghei ANKA was used to challenge C57BL/6 mice to determine whether PbTCTP immunisation could protect mice from cerebral malaria development, no protective effect was observed. P. berghei ANKA was also used as a second lethal malaria challenge model in BALB/c mice, no significant differences in disease progression were observed in immunised mice. To further assess the functions of malarial TCTP, several attempts were made to create a TCTP-knockout strain of P. berghei ANKA. A TCTP-knockout malaria strain could be assessed for alterations in morphology, infectivity and artemisinin sensitivity compared with wild-type parasites. Initial genotype analysis of parasites resulting from several transfection…

Subjects/Keywords: Fields of Research; Malaria vaccine

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APA (6^th Edition):

Taylor, K. (2008). Evaluation of the vaccine potential of malarial TCTP. (Thesis). RMIT University. Retrieved from http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:6825

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Taylor, K. “Evaluation of the vaccine potential of malarial TCTP.” 2008. Thesis, RMIT University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:6825.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Taylor, K. “Evaluation of the vaccine potential of malarial TCTP.” 2008. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Taylor K. Evaluation of the vaccine potential of malarial TCTP. [Internet] [Thesis]. RMIT University; 2008. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:6825.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Taylor K. Evaluation of the vaccine potential of malarial TCTP. [Thesis]. RMIT University; 2008. Available from: http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:6825

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Pretoria

30. [No author]. Biodegradable microparticles as a single dose delivery system for Ehrlichia ruminantium vaccines .

Degree: 2010, University of Pretoria

URL: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02172010-170526/

► Four 1H12 E. ruminantium open reading frames cloned into the pCMViUBs mammalian expression vector and used as a recombinant DNA vaccine against heartwater repeatedly provided… (more)

▼ Four 1H12 E. ruminantium open reading frames cloned into the pCMViUBs mammalian expression vector and used as a recombinant DNA vaccine against heartwater repeatedly provided complete protection in sheep (using a cocktail or the individual ORFs) against a laboratory needle challenge while 1/5 of sheep were protected after a natural tick challenge. The lack of protection under natural field conditions could be attributed to the delivery strategy used and therefore there is a need to investigate other delivery methods. Polymeric microparticles based on PLGA polymers have been used extensively to target the delivery of vaccine to antigen presenting cells, play a role in the induction of cellular immunity and can be used as a single dose vaccine mimicking prime/boost vaccination. In this study, the four 1H12 pCMViUBs_ORFs and their respective recombinant proteins were either encapsulated into or adsorbed onto microparticles using a modified double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The particles were formulated to release DNA on day zero and day 21 and recombinant proteins on day 42 thus mimicking a two times DNA prime/recombinant protein-boost immunization strategy. Encapsulation did not have any detrimental effects on the stability of the recombinant proteins as determined by gel electrophoresis and western blotting. The in vitro incubation of microparticles in either a Float-A-Lyzer® dialyzer or an eppendorf tube showed the potential of microparticles to be used as a vaccine because of their release profiles that mimics a heterologous prime/boost immunization strategy. Microparticles formulated using polymers with low glycolide ratios released 80% of the encapsulated proteins within the first week of in vitro incubation with most of the proteins released on day 1. Microparticles formulated using polymers with 50:50 monomer ratios released the recombinant proteins during week 1 and 3 of in vitro incubation. These microparticles did not release any protein in week 2 (day 7-14). Microparticles with 0.5% cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on their surfaces adsorbed DNA and released more than 40% of DNA on day 1 with 100% release by day 14. RG502H microparticles formed with PVA as the internal phase viscosity enhancer released intact DNA only from day 12 to day 21. A cocktail of these microparticles could therefore be used as an autobooster vaccine thus reducing the need for repeated immunizations needed to obtain protective immunity. Potential scientific publication Tshikhudo, N.P., Pretorius, A., Putterill, J., and van Kleef, M. 2009, “Biodegradable microparticles as a single dose delivery system for Ehrlichia ruminantium vaccines”, Journal of Controlled Release, (draft manuscript). Publication of results in conference proceedings / abstracts NanoAfrica 2009: Biodegradable microspheres as a single dose delivery system for Ehrlichia ruminantium vaccines: N. Tshikhudo, A. Pretorius, J. Putterill and M. van Kleef. Advisors/Committee Members: Dr M van Kleef (advisor), Dr A Pretorius (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Ehrlichia ruminantium; DNA vaccine; UCTD

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APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2010). Biodegradable microparticles as a single dose delivery system for Ehrlichia ruminantium vaccines . (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02172010-170526/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “Biodegradable microparticles as a single dose delivery system for Ehrlichia ruminantium vaccines .” 2010. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02172010-170526/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “Biodegradable microparticles as a single dose delivery system for Ehrlichia ruminantium vaccines .” 2010. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

author] [. Biodegradable microparticles as a single dose delivery system for Ehrlichia ruminantium vaccines . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02172010-170526/.

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. Biodegradable microparticles as a single dose delivery system for Ehrlichia ruminantium vaccines . [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2010. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02172010-170526/

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