subject:(tropical waves)

Princeton University

1. Clark, Spencer Koncius. Controls on tropical mean state and intraseasonal precipitation variability in an idealized moist atmospheric model .

Degree: PhD, 2019, Princeton University

URL: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01bk128d82b

► Through latent heat released by condensation and feedbacks involving radiation, physical processes related to water vapor play key roles in tropical dynamics. While some understanding… (more)

▼ Through latent heat released by condensation and feedbacks involving radiation, physical processes related to water vapor play key roles in tropical dynamics. While some understanding of aspects of tropical climate can be obtained using dry general circulation models (GCMs), e.g. theories for what controls the width of the Hadley circulation, understanding of other aspects requires, or at the very least can be refined by, the inclusion of the influence of moist processes. A natural intermediate step in the model hierarchy between a dry GCM and a comprehensive GCM is the idealized moist model, which includes simplified treatments of moist processes. In this dissertation, we make use of this model, in this case coupled to a full radiative transfer code to additionally include water-vapor-radiation feedbacks, to study aspects of tropical mean state and transient precipitation in simplified setups. We begin by quantifying the impact of including the interaction between water vapor and radiation on the sensitivity of the latitude of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) to a cooling in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). We do so by applying varying magnitude cooling forcings in the NH in two model configurations: one with interactive water vapor and radiation, and one with the water vapor field seen by the radiation code prescribed as that from a hemispherically-symmetric control simulation. We find that the ITCZ shifts roughly twice as far for a given forcing in the interactive cases versus the prescribed cases. We then move on to studying transient disturbances, starting with monsoon low pressure systems (MLPSs). To study these we add a simplified treatment of land to the model. With realistic continental geometry we show using regression and tracer budget analysis that the model supports MLPS-like storm systems in the South Asian monsoon region, whose dynamical properties share some commonalities with monsoon depressions found in reanalysis datasets. Finally we turn to equatorial waves. Through aquaplanet experiments in which heating perturbations with varying magnitude and vertical structures are added, we show that MJO-like variability can be preferentially enhanced if the net heating of the deep tropical atmosphere is increased. Advisors/Committee Members: Ming, Yi (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Dynamics; Monsoon; Precipitation; Tropical; Waves

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APA (6^th Edition):

Clark, S. K. (2019). Controls on tropical mean state and intraseasonal precipitation variability in an idealized moist atmospheric model . (Doctoral Dissertation). Princeton University. Retrieved from http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01bk128d82b

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Clark, Spencer Koncius. “Controls on tropical mean state and intraseasonal precipitation variability in an idealized moist atmospheric model .” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Princeton University. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01bk128d82b.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Clark, Spencer Koncius. “Controls on tropical mean state and intraseasonal precipitation variability in an idealized moist atmospheric model .” 2019. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Clark SK. Controls on tropical mean state and intraseasonal precipitation variability in an idealized moist atmospheric model . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Princeton University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01bk128d82b.

Council of Science Editors:

Clark SK. Controls on tropical mean state and intraseasonal precipitation variability in an idealized moist atmospheric model . [Doctoral Dissertation]. Princeton University; 2019. Available from: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01bk128d82b

Colorado State University

2. Rydbeck, Adam V. Initation and intensification of east Pacific easterly waves.

Degree: PhD, Atmospheric Science, 2015, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/170364

► The background atmospheric state of the east Pacific (EPAC) warm pool in which easterly waves (EWs) develop varies dramatically on intraseasonal time scales. EPAC intraseasonal… (more)

▼ The background atmospheric state of the east Pacific (EPAC) warm pool in which easterly waves (EWs) develop varies dramatically on intraseasonal time scales. EPAC intraseasonal variability is well known to modulate local convective and circulation patterns. Westerly intraseasonal phases are associated with westerly lowlevel wind and positive convective anomalies and easterly intraseasonal phases are associated with easterly low-level wind and negative convective anomalies. This study first investigates the perturbation available potential energy (PAPE) and perturbation kinetic energy (PKE) budgets of easterly waves composited during westerly, easterly, and neutral intraseasonal phases, respectively. During neutral and westerly intraseasonal phases, the generation of PAPE associated with perturbation diabatic heating that is subsequently converted to PKE is enhanced and is the dominant energy source for EWs. EWs draw energy from low-level barotropic conversion, regardless of phase. A novel and previously unrecognized result is the detection of strong barotropic generation of PKE at midlevels during westerly intraseasonal phases. This previously unidentified source of PKE at midlevels is in part due to strong intraseasonal modulation of the background midlevel winds. Processes associated with the local amplification of EWs in the EPAC warm pool are then explored. Developing EWs favor convection in the southwest and northeast quadrants of the disturbance. In nascent EWs, convection favors the southwest quadrant. In these quadrants, lower tropospheric vorticity is generated locally through vertical stretching that supports a horizontal tilt of the wave from the southwest to the northeast. EWs with such tilts are then able to draw energy via barotropic conversion from the background cyclonic zonal wind shear present in the east Pacific. EWs during westerly and neutral intraseasonal periods are associated with robust convection anomalies. Easterly intraseasonal periods are, at times, associated with very weak EW convection anomalies due to weaker moisture and diluted CAPE variations. The in-situ generation of EWs in the EPAC is then investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF). Sensitivity tests are performed to examine the atmospheric response to the removal of external and internal EW forcing in the EPAC warm pool. External forcing of EPAC EWs is removed by filtering EWs in wavenumber frequency space from the model’s boundary forcing. Internal forcing of EWs is removed by reducing the terrain height in portions of Central and South America to suppress the strong source of diurnal convective variability in the Panama Bight. These regions of high terrain are associated with mesoscale convective systems that routinely initiate in the early morning and propagate westward into the EPAC warm pool. In both sensitivity tests, EW variance is significantly reduced in the EPAC, suggesting that both EWs propagating into the EPAC from the east and EWs generated locally in … Advisors/Committee Members: Maloney, Eric (advisor), Johnson, Richard (committee member), Birner, Thomas (committee member), Niemann, Jeffrey (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: easterly waves; intraseasonal variability; tropical waves

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APA (6^th Edition):

Rydbeck, A. V. (2015). Initation and intensification of east Pacific easterly waves. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/170364

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rydbeck, Adam V. “Initation and intensification of east Pacific easterly waves.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/170364.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rydbeck, Adam V. “Initation and intensification of east Pacific easterly waves.” 2015. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Rydbeck AV. Initation and intensification of east Pacific easterly waves. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/170364.

Council of Science Editors:

Rydbeck AV. Initation and intensification of east Pacific easterly waves. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/170364

University of Colorado

3. Kim, Ji-Eun. Impacts of Atmospheric Waves on Tropical Convection and the Tropical Tropopause Layer.

Degree: PhD, Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences, 2015, University of Colorado

URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/atoc_gradetds/53

► Atmospheric equatorial waves play vital roles in tropical weather and climate. Tropical convective systems are often organized by waves, and at the same time… (more)

▼ Atmospheric equatorial waves play vital roles in tropical weather and climate. Tropical convective systems are often organized by waves, and at the same time convection itself generates a broad spectrum of waves propagating horizontally and vertically. Equatorial waves propagating into the stratosphere control the quasi-biennual oscillation (QBO) of equatorial stratospheric winds and are partially responsible for tropical upwelling as a part of the stratospheric Brewer-Dobson circulation. Waves in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) affect dehydration of air entering the lower stratosphere by the formation of cirrus clouds, having significant radiative impacts on surface climate. This thesis aims to provide an improved understanding of roles of equatorial waves on tropical convection and interaction processes between the troposphere and stratosphere. First, tropical precipitation characteristics associated with equatorial waves are studied using the TRMM satellite estimates and five reanalyses for the period of 2005-2007. Next, waves in the TTL are examined using temperatures in radiosondes and two reanalyses, ERA-interim and MERRA. Based on the results of variance difference between observations and reanalyses, we have developed a new wave parameterization scheme for simulations of the dehydration process in the TTL. We have found that, even though the mean temperature is the same, having stronger waves lowers cold point tropopause temperatures. This finding has led to an extended, comprehensive study of this relation using historical radiosonde data. Temperatures from 23-year observations of radiosondes in the western Pacific show that a broad spectrum of waves is responsible for lowering tropopause temperature. Moreover, the wave impact on the tropopause has decadal scale variations, suggesting changes in wave activity in the TTL have important implications for cirrus clouds and stratospheric water vapor. Lastly, aircraft measurements of meteorological fields and tracers have revealed that the tracer transport is highly correlated with a fine vertical wave structure in the TTL whose scale is unresolvable in current analysis and climate models due to limited vertical resolution. Advisors/Committee Members: M. Joan Alexander, Jeffrey B. Weiss, O. Brian Toon, Rajagopalan Balaji, Julio T. Bacmeister.

Subjects/Keywords: airborne measurements; convectively coupled equatorial waves; stratospheric water vapor; tropical precipitation; tropical tropopause layer; tropical waves; Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kim, J. (2015). Impacts of Atmospheric Waves on Tropical Convection and the Tropical Tropopause Layer. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/atoc_gradetds/53

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kim, Ji-Eun. “Impacts of Atmospheric Waves on Tropical Convection and the Tropical Tropopause Layer.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://scholar.colorado.edu/atoc_gradetds/53.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kim, Ji-Eun. “Impacts of Atmospheric Waves on Tropical Convection and the Tropical Tropopause Layer.” 2015. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kim J. Impacts of Atmospheric Waves on Tropical Convection and the Tropical Tropopause Layer. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/atoc_gradetds/53.

Council of Science Editors:

Kim J. Impacts of Atmospheric Waves on Tropical Convection and the Tropical Tropopause Layer. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2015. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/atoc_gradetds/53

Université de Grenoble

4. Freychet, Nicolas. Assimilation rétrospective de données par lissage de rang réduit : application et évaluation dans l'Atlantique Tropical : Retrospective data assimilation with a reduced-rank smoother : application and evaluation in the tropical Atlantic.

Degree: Docteur es, Sciences de l'univers, 2012, Université de Grenoble

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENU003

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Le filtre de Kalman est largement utilisé pour l'assimilation de données en océanographie opérationnelle, notamment dans le cadre de prévisions. Néanmoins, à l'heure où les… (more)

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Le filtre de Kalman est largement utilisé pour l'assimilation de données en océanographie opérationnelle, notamment dans le cadre de prévisions. Néanmoins, à l'heure où les applications de l'assimilation de données tendent à se diversifier, notamment avec les réanalyses, la formulation tridimensionnelle (3D) du filtre n'utilise pas de façon optimale les observations. L'extension de ces méthodes 3D (filtre) à une formulation 4D (appelés lisseurs), permet de mieux tirer partie des observations en les assimilant de façon rétrograde. Nous étudions dans cette thèse la mise en place et les effets d'un lisseur de rang réduit sur les réanalyses, dans le cadre d'une configuration réaliste de la circulation océanique en Atlantique tropical. Ce travail expose dans un premier temps les aspects sensibles mais nécessaires de l'implémentation du lisseur, avec notamment la paramétrisation des statistiques d'erreur et leur évolution temporelle. Les apports du lissage sur les réanalyses sont ensuite étudiés, en comparant la qualité de la solution lissée par rapport à la solution filtrée. Ces résultats permettent d'exposer les bienfaits d'une assimilation 4D. On observe notamment une diminution de l'erreur globale de environ 15% sur les variables assimilées, ainsi qu'une bonne capacité du lisseur à fournir une solution cohérente avec la dynamique de référence. Ce point est illustré par le rephasage de certaines structures sensibles comme les anneaux du Brésil. Enfin, un cas moins en accord avec la théorie mais plus facile à mettre en pratique (et plus souvent utilisé dans les centres opérationnels), l'interpolation optimale, a permis d'étudier les apports du lissage et ses limites dans une telle configuration. L'évolution temporelle des erreurs pour le lissage s'est ainsi révélée nécessaire pour garder un maximum de cohérence avec les erreurs réelles. Néanmoins, le lisseur montre tout de même des résultats encourageant avec l'interpolation optimale en abaissant le niveau global d'erreur (de 10 à 15%).

The Kalman filter is widely used in data assimilation for operational oceanography, in particular for forecasting problems. Yet, now that data assimilation applications tend to diversify, with reanalysis problems for instance, the three-dimensional (3D) formulation of the filter doesn't allow an optimal use of the observations. The four-dimensional extention of the 3D methods, called smoothers, allows a better use of the observations, assimilating them on a retrospective way. We study in this work the implementation and the effects of a reduced-rank smoother on reanalysis, with a realistic tropical Atlantic ocean circulation model. First we expose some sensitive steps required for the smoother implementation, most notably the covariances evolution parametrisation of the filter. The smoother's benefits for reanalysis are then exposed, compare to a 3D reanalysis. It shows that the global error can be reduced by 15% on assimilated variables (like temperature). The smoother also leads to an analyzed solution dynamically closer to the…

Advisors/Committee Members: Cosme, Emmanuel (thesis director), Brasseur, Pierre (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Assimilation de données; Lisseur de kalman; Atlantique tropical; Ondes d'instabilités tropicales; Data assimilation; Kalman smoother; Tropical atlantic; Tropical instability waves

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Freychet, N. (2012). Assimilation rétrospective de données par lissage de rang réduit : application et évaluation dans l'Atlantique Tropical : Retrospective data assimilation with a reduced-rank smoother : application and evaluation in the tropical Atlantic. (Doctoral Dissertation). Université de Grenoble. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENU003

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Freychet, Nicolas. “Assimilation rétrospective de données par lissage de rang réduit : application et évaluation dans l'Atlantique Tropical : Retrospective data assimilation with a reduced-rank smoother : application and evaluation in the tropical Atlantic.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Université de Grenoble. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENU003.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Freychet, Nicolas. “Assimilation rétrospective de données par lissage de rang réduit : application et évaluation dans l'Atlantique Tropical : Retrospective data assimilation with a reduced-rank smoother : application and evaluation in the tropical Atlantic.” 2012. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Freychet N. Assimilation rétrospective de données par lissage de rang réduit : application et évaluation dans l'Atlantique Tropical : Retrospective data assimilation with a reduced-rank smoother : application and evaluation in the tropical Atlantic. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Université de Grenoble; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENU003.

Council of Science Editors:

Freychet N. Assimilation rétrospective de données par lissage de rang réduit : application et évaluation dans l'Atlantique Tropical : Retrospective data assimilation with a reduced-rank smoother : application and evaluation in the tropical Atlantic. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Université de Grenoble; 2012. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENU003

Colorado State University

5. Gonzalez, Alex Omar. Steady-state circulations forced by diabatic heating and wind stress in the intertropical convergence zone.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Atmospheric Science, 2011, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/70688

► A number of studies have shown the importance of using idealized models to gain insight into large-scale atmospheric circulations in the tropics, especially when investigating… (more)

▼ A number of studies have shown the importance of using idealized models to gain insight into large-scale atmospheric circulations in the tropics, especially when investigating phenomena that are not well understood. The recent discovery of the Shallow Meridional Circulation (SMC) in the tropical East Pacific and West Africa is a perfect example of a phenomenon that is not well understood (Zhang et al., 2004). The vertical structure of the SMC is similar to the Hadley circulation, but its return flow is located at the top of the boundary layer. The current theory of the SMC is entirely different dynamically than the Hadley circulation because it has been thought of as a large-scale "sea-breeze" circulation rather a geostrophic balance in the meridional momentum equation. The SMC is a vital aspect of the general circulation since it can transport more moisture than the traditional deep Hadley circulation. Climate models often misrepresent the SMC, making many model simulations incomplete (Zhang et al. 2004; Nolan et al. 2007). We aim to better understand the dynamics near the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) that involve both deep and shallow circulations using a steady-state linearized model on the equatorial β-plane that is solved analytically. The model is forced by prescribed diabatic heating and boundary layer wind stress curl. The circulations that arise from deep diabatic heating profiles suggest that both the Hadley and Walker circulations are always present, with the Hadley circulation being more prevalent as the deep heating is elongated in the zonal direction, similar to the ITCZ in the East Pacific. The Hadley circulation strengthens because the horizontal surface convergence increases in the meridional direction. Also, the zonal and meridional surface wind anomalies enhance as the deep heating is displaced farther from the equator. The surface wind field associated with this deep heating also forces a significant wind stress curl north of the equator. The atmosphere responds to the wind stress curl by opposing the initial dynamical fields, and generating Ekman pumping in the boundary layer. For example, the surface consists of anomalous negative vorticity in a region that previously contained positively vorticity. This is often referred to as spin down. The Ekman pumping in the boundary layer forces shallow circulations when the frictional forcing is zonally-elongated and sufficiently displaced off of the equator. This shallow circulation makes sense in the East Pacific, where the ITCZ is always north of the equator and is often zonally-elongated. There are two SMCs that develop, one north of the Ekman pumping, and the other to its south. The cross-equatorial SMC is shallower and is stretched in the meridional direction compared to the SMC north of the Ekman pumping since the Rossby length is very large near the equator. It turns out that the frictional forcing does not provide enough vertical or meridional motion to be seen when deep diabatic heating is also present using our simple model. Since the… Advisors/Committee Members: Schubert, Wayne H. (advisor), Maloney, Eric D. (committee member), Estep, Don J. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric dynamics; Ekman pumping; equatorial waves; fluid dynamics; ITCZ; tropical meteorology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gonzalez, A. O. (2011). Steady-state circulations forced by diabatic heating and wind stress in the intertropical convergence zone. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/70688

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gonzalez, Alex Omar. “Steady-state circulations forced by diabatic heating and wind stress in the intertropical convergence zone.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/70688.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gonzalez, Alex Omar. “Steady-state circulations forced by diabatic heating and wind stress in the intertropical convergence zone.” 2011. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Gonzalez AO. Steady-state circulations forced by diabatic heating and wind stress in the intertropical convergence zone. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/70688.

Council of Science Editors:

Gonzalez AO. Steady-state circulations forced by diabatic heating and wind stress in the intertropical convergence zone. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/70688

University of Miami

6. Moon, Yumin. Dynamics and Evolution of Spiral Rainbands as Seen in Numerical Simulations of Tropical Cyclones.

Degree: PhD, Meteorology and Physical Oceanography (Marine), 2012, University of Miami

URL: https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/830

► The dynamics and evolution of spiral rainbands in numerical simulations of tropical cyclones are examined. Two types of numerical simulations of tropical cyclones that are… (more)

▼ The dynamics and evolution of spiral rainbands in numerical simulations of tropical cyclones are examined. Two types of numerical simulations of tropical cyclones that are popular in recent literature are considered: a realistic numerical simulation of Hurricane Bill (2009) that includes most physical processes that occur within tropical cyclones, and an idealized, no-mean-flow numerical simulation of a tropical cyclone. First, spiral rainbands in the numerical simulation of Hurricane Bill are examined. There appears to be four types of spiral rainbands that occur in Hurricane Bill: principal, secondary, distant, and inner rainbands. Principal rainbands tilt radially outward with height, and dry air marks their radially outward boundary. The structures of secondary rainbands are in good agreement with those from previous observational studies, except their convective-scale structure. Distant rainbands tilt radially inward with height and are a form of density currents. Inner rainbands are made of shallow convection. Previous studies have argued that inner rainbands are the manifestation of either gravity or vortex-Rossby waves. However, the propagation of these inner rainbands in the Hurricane Bill is found to be inconsistent with those previous hypotheses because they are not consistently collocated with pressure or potential vorticity anomalies that are expected from gravity or vortex-Rossby waves, respectively. It is not consistent with tropical squall lines either, because surface cold pools and mechanical lifting are not collocated with inner rainbands. A different hypothesis is proposed to explain the propagation of inner rainbands, which views inner rainbands as blobs of convection that are advected by the low-level horizontal wind field while being deformed into spiral shapes. Examining the evolution of spiral rainbands in the idealized, no-mean-flow simulation of a tropical cyclone indicates that they are only two types of spiral rainbands: distant and inner rainbands. Distant rainbands behave as density currents, and inner rainbands are again found to be inconsistent with vortex-Rossby waves. Since the no-mean-flow simulation contains only distant and inner rainbands and the effects of principal and secondary rainbands on tropical cyclones are not yet known, the framework of the idealized no-mean-flow simulations of tropical cyclones may not be the best suited to study spiral rainbands. Advisors/Committee Members: David S. Nolan, Bruce A. Albrecht, Brian E. Mapes, Robert F. Rogers, Hugh E. Willoughby.

Subjects/Keywords: Tropical Cyclones; Hurricanes; Spiral Rainbands; Vortex-Rossby waves; Convection

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APA (6^th Edition):

Moon, Y. (2012). Dynamics and Evolution of Spiral Rainbands as Seen in Numerical Simulations of Tropical Cyclones. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Miami. Retrieved from https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/830

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Moon, Yumin. “Dynamics and Evolution of Spiral Rainbands as Seen in Numerical Simulations of Tropical Cyclones.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Miami. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/830.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Moon, Yumin. “Dynamics and Evolution of Spiral Rainbands as Seen in Numerical Simulations of Tropical Cyclones.” 2012. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Moon Y. Dynamics and Evolution of Spiral Rainbands as Seen in Numerical Simulations of Tropical Cyclones. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Miami; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/830.

Council of Science Editors:

Moon Y. Dynamics and Evolution of Spiral Rainbands as Seen in Numerical Simulations of Tropical Cyclones. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Miami; 2012. Available from: https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/830

7. Costa, Carine de Godoi Rezende. Dinâmica e interação oceano-atmosfera de ondas de instabilidade tropical e ondas de Rossby curtas.

Degree: Mestrado, Oceanografia Física, 2013, University of São Paulo

URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21135/tde-10042014-165427/ ;

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A hipótese principal deste trabalho é que as anomalias de precipitação na ZCIT com períodos de 20 a 50 dias e dimensão zonal de 1000… (more)

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A hipótese principal deste trabalho é que as anomalias de precipitação na ZCIT com períodos de 20 a 50 dias e dimensão zonal de 1000 a 1500 km, causadas remotamente por Ondas de Instabilidade Tropical (OITs) e/ou Ondas de Rossby Curtas (ORCs) podem causar anomalias de salinidade da superfície do mar. Para responder à hipótese, o presente trabalho quantifica a influência dos padrões propagantes da temperatura da superfície do mar sobre variáveis atmosféricas na escala das ORCs e OITs. Os coeficientes de regressão do vapor dágua integrado verticalmente e da precipitação revelam que a influência da temperatura superficial na atmosfera se dá remotamente à região de domínio das ondas, alcançando a ZCIT. A distribuição das anomalias do divergente do vento corrobora a ideia de aceleração dos ventos sobre águas quentes e desaceleração sobre águas frias. A carência de correlações estatisticamente significativas entre a precipitação e a salinidade superficial, devido à baixa qualidade dos dados, não permitiu que a hipótese principal fosse avaliada. Entretanto, fica evidente a influência destas ondas em variáveis atmosféricas que alteram o balanço de evaporação e precipitação que tem influência direta na salinidade superficial. Denominamos ORCs as oscilações com período de _49 dias e comprimento de onda de _1500 km e OITs os padrões com _21 dias e _1000 km. A identificação dinâmica destas ondas foi feita através da teoria linear de ondas equatoriais no modelo de águas rasas quase-geostrófico para um oceano invíscido de 1,5 camadas. Os dados de anomalia da altura da superfície do mar revelaram apenas a existência de ORCs, enquanto que a temperatura da superfície do mar apresentou o sinal de ambas as ondas, sendo as OITs dominantes até 6_ do Equador. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é a confirmação da hipótese de que OITs e ORCs coexistem, são distinguíveis e geram alterações no vento por mecanismos similares. Até o presente momento, desconhecemos outro estudo que alie a separação teórica dos padrões oceânicos propagantes obtidos por satélites à quantificação da variabilidade atmosférica associada às anomalias de TSM em bandas do espectro zonal-temporal características de ondas dinamicamente distintas

We hypothesize that rainfall anomalies with 2050 days and 10001500 km on the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) can induce sea surface salinity anomalies. We argue that these precipitation anomalies are remotely caused by Tropical Instability Waves (TIWs) and Short RossbyWaves (SRWs). We have quantified the sea surface temperature influence on atmospheric fields at the TIWs and SRWs spectral bands through regression analysis. In that, wind anomalies are larger over temperature anomalies. Winds tend to accelerate over positive temperature anomalies and slow down over negative anomalies. Changes on water vapor and rainfall occur predominantly on the ITCZ, far from the strongest temperature anomalies near the equator. However, we couldnt address the main hypothesis due to the lack of significant correlation between…

Advisors/Committee Members: Polito, Paulo Simionatto.

Subjects/Keywords: Atlântico Tropical; dinâmica equatorial; equatorial dynamics; interação oceano-atmosfera; ocean-atmosphere interaction; ondas de instabilidade tropical; ondas de Rossby curtas; Short Rossby Waves; Tropical Atlantic; Tropical InstabilityWaves

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APA (6^th Edition):

Costa, C. d. G. R. (2013). Dinâmica e interação oceano-atmosfera de ondas de instabilidade tropical e ondas de Rossby curtas. (Masters Thesis). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21135/tde-10042014-165427/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Costa, Carine de Godoi Rezende. “Dinâmica e interação oceano-atmosfera de ondas de instabilidade tropical e ondas de Rossby curtas.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of São Paulo. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21135/tde-10042014-165427/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Costa, Carine de Godoi Rezende. “Dinâmica e interação oceano-atmosfera de ondas de instabilidade tropical e ondas de Rossby curtas.” 2013. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Costa CdGR. Dinâmica e interação oceano-atmosfera de ondas de instabilidade tropical e ondas de Rossby curtas. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21135/tde-10042014-165427/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Costa CdGR. Dinâmica e interação oceano-atmosfera de ondas de instabilidade tropical e ondas de Rossby curtas. [Masters Thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2013. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21135/tde-10042014-165427/ ;

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

8. Zhang, Gan. Extratropical impacts on Atlantic tropical cyclone activity: Rossby wave breaking and remote controls.

Degree: PhD, Atmospheric Sciences, 2018, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101114

► This dissertation study tests the hypothesis that the variability of the extratropical atmosphere affects Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) activity and explores the underlying physical processes.… (more)

▼ This dissertation study tests the hypothesis that the variability of the extratropical atmosphere affects Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) activity and explores the underlying physical processes. Guided by physical understanding, the study differs from earlier investigations of the extratropical impact by taking a process-based approach and focusing on Rossby wave breaking (RWB), which occurs often when extratropical Rossby waves propagate to the low-latitudes. Part I of the study shows that RWB modulates the tropical environment and Atlantic TC activity. RWB events can drive equatorward intrusions of extratropical air and increase the vertical wind shear in the tropics. Those environmental perturbations tend to inhibit TC development. On the seasonal scale, the occurrences of RWB and Atlantic TC activity are negatively correlated. The correlation is exceptionally strong and suggests that the extratropical control of Atlantic TC activity is comparable to the extensively studied tropical control. Especially, the occurrences of RWB show the strongest interannual variance over the subtropical northwestern Atlantic, and those RWB events also have a stronger impact on Atlantic TC activity. Part II of the study investigates the life cycle of the Rossby waves that break over the subtropical northwestern Atlantic. Composite analyses show that the breaking waves are associated with wave trains that propagate from the North Pacific and amplify near the east coast of North America. RWB is facilitated by a rapid amplification of upper-level ridge anomalies, which occurs over a warm and moist airstream. A budget analysis of potential vorticity (PV) suggests that the horizontal advection of PV by the perturbed flow dictates the movement and the later decay of the ridge anomalies. The ridge amplification, opposed by the horizontal advection of PV, is driven by the vertical advection and the diabatic production of PV, both of which can be connected to diabatic processes. A trajectory analysis of ridge-related air parcels suggests that diabatic processes reduce the static stability near the tropopause and contributes to the ridge-related PV anomalies. Part III of the study explores how the RWB events over the subtropical northwestern Atlantic are connected to tropical and extratropical variability. On the interannual scale, the RWB events are correlated with the sea surface temperature (SST) of the tropical North Atlantic. Idealized simulations suggest that the ocean variability affects the RWB events by modulating the tropical precipitation and the extratropical flow. On the synoptic scale, the RWB events can affect the SST variability by regulating surface heat fluxes. Taken together, the findings suggest an interaction between the variations of RWB events and the tropical ocean. The study also explores the connection between the RWB events and the extratropical atmosphere variability using the weather regime analysis. The RWB events and the atmosphere variability in the North Atlantic domain show only modest associations. Instead,… Advisors/Committee Members: Wang, Zhuo (advisor), Wang, Zhuo (Committee Chair), Dunkerton, Timothy (committee member), Magnusdottir, Gudrun (committee member), Sriver, Ryan (committee member), Trapp, Robert Jeffrey (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Atlantic Ocean; Rossby waves; Wave breaking; Tropical cyclones; Extratropical cyclones; Seasonal forecasting; Climate variability; Tropical–Extratropical Interaction

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zhang, G. (2018). Extratropical impacts on Atlantic tropical cyclone activity: Rossby wave breaking and remote controls. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101114

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhang, Gan. “Extratropical impacts on Atlantic tropical cyclone activity: Rossby wave breaking and remote controls.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101114.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhang, Gan. “Extratropical impacts on Atlantic tropical cyclone activity: Rossby wave breaking and remote controls.” 2018. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhang G. Extratropical impacts on Atlantic tropical cyclone activity: Rossby wave breaking and remote controls. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101114.

Council of Science Editors:

Zhang G. Extratropical impacts on Atlantic tropical cyclone activity: Rossby wave breaking and remote controls. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101114

University of California – Berkeley

9. Edman, Jacob Patrick. Convection and Gravity Waves in the Tropical Atmosphere.

Degree: Earth & Planetary Science, 2017, University of California – Berkeley

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9sb6k3s9

► Moist convective clouds play a key role in the earth's energy and water cycles, but their turbulent and localized nature makes it difficult to study… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Atmospheric sciences; Physics; Climate change; buoyancy; clouds; convection; gravity waves; tropical atmosphere

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APA (6^th Edition):

Edman, J. P. (2017). Convection and Gravity Waves in the Tropical Atmosphere. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9sb6k3s9

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Edman, Jacob Patrick. “Convection and Gravity Waves in the Tropical Atmosphere.” 2017. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9sb6k3s9.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Edman, Jacob Patrick. “Convection and Gravity Waves in the Tropical Atmosphere.” 2017. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Edman JP. Convection and Gravity Waves in the Tropical Atmosphere. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9sb6k3s9.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Edman JP. Convection and Gravity Waves in the Tropical Atmosphere. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2017. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9sb6k3s9

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Notre Dame

10. Patrick Conry. Scale Continuum of Vertical Exchanges between Lower Stratosphere and Surface Layers</h1>.

Degree: Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, 2017, University of Notre Dame

URL: https://curate.nd.edu/show/qz20sq90f84

► Exchanges of momentum, heat, and moisture between layers of atmosphere and upper ocean govern the variability of global climate down to local environments. Vertical… (more)

▼ Exchanges of momentum, heat, and moisture between layers of atmosphere and upper ocean govern the variability of global climate down to local environments. Vertical exchange mechanisms include the largescale mean flow, planetary to small-scale waves, and ubiquitous turbulent eddies, the latter being particularly prominent in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). In this thesis, observational datasets covering a wide range of spatiotemporal scales are analyzed and interpreted to unravel multi-scale vertical exchange processes underpinning the atmospheric variability. The major component of this work was a study of intraseasonal disturbances in the Indian Ocean (IO) during late boreal winter of 2015, dubbed ASIRI-RAWI. These disturbances drive tropical weather and travel as (theoretically predictable) planetary waves. Upper-air soundings from multiple IO sites as well as model reanalysis were utilized to educe wave activity. Equatorial baroclinic Kelvin waves (KWs) within the stratified lower stratosphere and upper troposphere were identified as dominant patterns repeating biweekly. The eastward- and downward-propagating KWs initiated shear instabilities in the tropical tropopause layer (~17 km). Later when phase propagation brought westerly winds and high barometric pressure to ~12-14 km altitude, KWs coupled with lower-tropospheric disturbances and initiated strong vertical motions within ‘chimney’-like columns of ‘convection’ ~300-500 km wide. High-resolution measurements from remote-sensing instruments and a flux tower at the Seychelles site captured the impacts of these events on the surface layer of ABL as westerly wind bursts (WWBs). The quasi-periodic WWBs were also studied using one-dimensional ocean mixed layer model to estimate response of upper ocean. These finding suggest new mechanisms for upper troposphere interacting with surface layers and should have implications in equatorial air-sea exchange parameterizations of coupled atmosphere-ocean global circulation models. A case study on turbulence mixing parameters is also conducted based on fine-scale measurements from a specialized hot-film probe deployed in stably stratified shear flow of ABL. Direct measurements of mixing coefficient Γ – used widely in modeling atmospheric and oceanic flows – demonstrated its dependence on multiple parameters, thus underscoring the challenge of parameterizing turbulent mixing in environmental flows. However, during certain intervals the measurements behaved consistently with past laboratory/numerical experiments, which could be explained using physical arguments. Advisors/Committee Members: David Richter, Committee Member, Diogo Bolster, Committee Member, Harindra Joseph S. Fernando, Research Director, Joannes J. Westerink, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: turbulent mixing; equatorial waves; tropical meteorology; middle atmosphere; field measurements; air-sea interactions

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APA (6^th Edition):

Conry, P. (2017). Scale Continuum of Vertical Exchanges between Lower Stratosphere and Surface Layers</h1>. (Thesis). University of Notre Dame. Retrieved from https://curate.nd.edu/show/qz20sq90f84

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Conry, Patrick. “Scale Continuum of Vertical Exchanges between Lower Stratosphere and Surface Layers</h1>.” 2017. Thesis, University of Notre Dame. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://curate.nd.edu/show/qz20sq90f84.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Conry, Patrick. “Scale Continuum of Vertical Exchanges between Lower Stratosphere and Surface Layers</h1>.” 2017. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Conry P. Scale Continuum of Vertical Exchanges between Lower Stratosphere and Surface Layers</h1>. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Notre Dame; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: https://curate.nd.edu/show/qz20sq90f84.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Conry P. Scale Continuum of Vertical Exchanges between Lower Stratosphere and Surface Layers</h1>. [Thesis]. University of Notre Dame; 2017. Available from: https://curate.nd.edu/show/qz20sq90f84

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

11. Potter, Samuel. Superrotation and tropical waves in idealized atmospheric models .

Degree: PhD, 2014, Princeton University

URL: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01ks65hf43h

► This thesis investigates tropical variability in idealized atmospheric general circulation models. We start by exploring the parameter space of a Held-Suarez forced dynamical core to… (more)

▼ This thesis investigates tropical variability in idealized atmospheric general circulation models. We start by exploring the parameter space of a Held-Suarez forced dynamical core to find superrotating atmospheric states. Superrotation, a state of the atmosphere where equatorial winds are westerly, is dependent on eddy momentum fluxes. We vary four fundamental model parameters and find that the thermal Rossby number (Ro) is the primary control of superrotation. At large Ro the atmosphere's tropics become dominated by Kelvin waves that flux momentum equatorward. Next we study the meridional propagation of extratropical Rossby waves using the linearized barotropic vorticity equation. We find that the WKB approximation is good at approximating Rossby wave propagation but fails to account for significant tunneling of wave energy in evanescent regions. We show that while climatological boreal winter and spring East Pacific winds are mostly transparent to stationary waves, even minor changes in the zonal winds can produce significant reflection. Using the insight that Rossby waves retain significant wave energy while tunneling through evanescent regions we lay out three necessary conditions for the excitation of equatorial Kelvin waves by extratropical Rossby waves: the matching of wavenumbers and frequencies and a minimizing of evanescence between the storm track and tropical waveguide. We argue that the large Ro atmosphere superrotates because wavenumber one variability is preferred and Rossby wave evanescence is minimized. We next look at tropical variability in a seasonally varying dynamical core, where strong easterlies, rather than westerlies, dominate the tropics. We show that with sufficient seasonality the tropical easterlies are barotropically unstable and tropical eddies are generated. The eddies are a strong function of time-of-year: Kelvin waves are prevalent near equinoxes but equatorial Rossby and easterly waves dominate near solstices. Lastly we investigate extreme global warming integrations of a full-physics atmospheric model and find that MJO-like tropical variability and superrotation become preferred at hotter temperatures, along with extreme changes in the model's cloud parameterizations. When the atmosphere strongly superrotates the convective scheme shuts off and the stratiform scheme becomes dominant, which suggests that atmospheric models may not be capable of re-creating hothouse climates. Advisors/Committee Members: Vallis, Geoffrey K (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: equatorial waves; superrotation; tropical variability

…deep tropical winds. If some Rossby waves have 2 their critical latitude in the deep… …height can also be used to identify tropical waves. While convection is an integral part of… …superrotation we are, through Hide’s theorem, studying tropical eddies and waves, and a major focus of… …h ). We then identify the tropical waves that play a key role in generating dry… …tropical variability. The equatorial waves generated by the extreme seasonality play a key role…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Potter, S. (2014). Superrotation and tropical waves in idealized atmospheric models . (Doctoral Dissertation). Princeton University. Retrieved from http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01ks65hf43h

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Potter, Samuel. “Superrotation and tropical waves in idealized atmospheric models .” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Princeton University. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01ks65hf43h.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Potter, Samuel. “Superrotation and tropical waves in idealized atmospheric models .” 2014. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Potter S. Superrotation and tropical waves in idealized atmospheric models . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Princeton University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01ks65hf43h.

Council of Science Editors:

Potter S. Superrotation and tropical waves in idealized atmospheric models . [Doctoral Dissertation]. Princeton University; 2014. Available from: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01ks65hf43h

12. Delgado, Sandy. Reanalysis of the 1954-1963 Atlantic Hurricane Seasons.

Degree: MS, Geosciences, 2014, Florida International University

URL: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1511 ; 10.25148/etd.FI14071185 ; FI14071185

► HURDAT is the main historical archive of all tropical storms and hurricanes in the North Atlantic Basin, which includes the Caribbean Sea and Gulf… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: HURDAT; tropical cyclones; hurricanes; tropical storms; extratropical; tropical depressions; tropical waves; reanalysis; disturbance; microfilm; MWR; HWM

…tropical waves/troughs or occluded baroclinic cyclones but never became tropical cyclones. But we… …Figure 4) in various stages of development, from tropical waves to hurricanes, and at… …Major Professor HURDAT is the main historical archive of all tropical storms and hurricanes in… …reanalyzed for the period of 1954-1963. The track and intensity of each existing tropical cyclone… …unrecognized tropical cyclones are detected and analyzed. The resulting changes will be recommended…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Delgado, S. (2014). Reanalysis of the 1954-1963 Atlantic Hurricane Seasons. (Thesis). Florida International University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1511 ; 10.25148/etd.FI14071185 ; FI14071185

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Delgado, Sandy. “Reanalysis of the 1954-1963 Atlantic Hurricane Seasons.” 2014. Thesis, Florida International University. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1511 ; 10.25148/etd.FI14071185 ; FI14071185.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Delgado, Sandy. “Reanalysis of the 1954-1963 Atlantic Hurricane Seasons.” 2014. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Delgado S. Reanalysis of the 1954-1963 Atlantic Hurricane Seasons. [Internet] [Thesis]. Florida International University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1511 ; 10.25148/etd.FI14071185 ; FI14071185.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Delgado S. Reanalysis of the 1954-1963 Atlantic Hurricane Seasons. [Thesis]. Florida International University; 2014. Available from: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1511 ; 10.25148/etd.FI14071185 ; FI14071185

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

13. McHugh, Elizabeth Helen. The leading edge of a tropical instability wave : interpretation as a gravity current.

Degree: MS, Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 2013, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/43342

► A sharp temperature front, oriented along the south-west corner of the leading edge of a Tropical Instability Wave (TIW) warm trough, was encountered at 0°N,… (more)

▼ A sharp temperature front, oriented along the south-west corner of the leading edge of a Tropical Instability Wave (TIW) warm trough, was encountered at 0°N, 140°W on November 2, 2008 and detected by a 0.45°C increase in SST that occurred over 7 s. The distinct SST signal was observed at three different locations within a 5 km radius. The abrupt change in SST was accompanied by a 0.26 psu drop in sea surface salinity and a 0.5 m s⁻¹ increase in the near surface zonal velocity. The front was oriented west-northwest and propagated at a speed of 0.56 ± 0.01 m s⁻¹. Sub-surface adjustments that coincided with the passage of the front reached nearly 70 m deep and increased both stratification and vertical shear above the Equatorial Undercurrent. The warm side of the front was composed of a turbulent, 40 m thick, buoyant fluid that overtook southsouthwestward flowing equatorial cold-tongue water, forcing the denser water to be subducted below and accelerated along its previous trajectory. The lower 40% of the buoyant flow was composed of a mixture of fluids from both sides of the front. These observations indicate that the buoyant fluid behind the front was driven by the hydrostatic pressure gradient across the front and flowed as a gravity current. Comparisons with two-dimensional, analytical, gravity current models suggest that the buoyant current was in a state of decay at the time it was observed, and the propagation speed of the temperature front was not fully accounted for by the driving forces of the gravity current at its leading edge. It is hypothesized that large scale dynamics associated with the TIW sharpened the hydro-static pressure gradient across the front to an extent that allowed for the generation of a buoyant gravity current to propagate ahead of the mesoscale wave, after which vertical mixing between the buoyant current and the subducted ambient fluid became responsible for the decay of the current's internal driving forces. Advisors/Committee Members: Moum, James (advisor), Liburdy, James (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Tropical Instability Wave; Ocean waves – Pacific Ocean

…Philander 1976, 1978; Qiao and Weisberg 1998, Cox 1980). Tropical Instability Waves (TIW… …tropical Pacific and draws the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) north of the… …during boreal summer and fall, resulting in westward propagating planetary waves (… …is composed of two distinct waves with different periods, but with near identical zonal… …associated with these ubiquitous waves. Methods are described in section 2. Observations made…

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APA (6^th Edition):

McHugh, E. H. (2013). The leading edge of a tropical instability wave : interpretation as a gravity current. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/43342

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McHugh, Elizabeth Helen. “The leading edge of a tropical instability wave : interpretation as a gravity current.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/43342.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McHugh, Elizabeth Helen. “The leading edge of a tropical instability wave : interpretation as a gravity current.” 2013. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

McHugh EH. The leading edge of a tropical instability wave : interpretation as a gravity current. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/43342.

Council of Science Editors:

McHugh EH. The leading edge of a tropical instability wave : interpretation as a gravity current. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/43342

Penn State University

14. Zick, Stephanie. Effects of the Madden-Julian Oscillation on the Cyclogeneses of Hurricane Fausto (2002) and Hurricane Emily (2005) .

Degree: 2008, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8273

► Equatorial waves and the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) play significant roles in the modulation of tropical convection and development of cyclones in all of the major… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: equatorial waves; tropical cyclogenesis; Madden-Julian Oscillation; meteorology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zick, S. (2008). Effects of the Madden-Julian Oscillation on the Cyclogeneses of Hurricane Fausto (2002) and Hurricane Emily (2005) . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8273

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zick, Stephanie. “Effects of the Madden-Julian Oscillation on the Cyclogeneses of Hurricane Fausto (2002) and Hurricane Emily (2005) .” 2008. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8273.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zick, Stephanie. “Effects of the Madden-Julian Oscillation on the Cyclogeneses of Hurricane Fausto (2002) and Hurricane Emily (2005) .” 2008. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Zick S. Effects of the Madden-Julian Oscillation on the Cyclogeneses of Hurricane Fausto (2002) and Hurricane Emily (2005) . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2008. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8273.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Zick S. Effects of the Madden-Julian Oscillation on the Cyclogeneses of Hurricane Fausto (2002) and Hurricane Emily (2005) . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2008. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8273

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Miami

15. Curcic, Milan. Explicit Air-Sea Momentum Exchange in Coupled Atmosphere-Wave-Ocean Modeling of Tropical Cyclones.

Degree: PhD, Meteorology and Physical Oceanography (Marine), 2015, University of Miami

URL: https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/1512

► Atmosphere and ocean are coupled through momentum, enthalpy, and mass fluxes on all spatial and temporal scales. Accurate representation of these fluxes in numerical models… (more)

▼ Atmosphere and ocean are coupled through momentum, enthalpy, and mass fluxes on all spatial and temporal scales. Accurate representation of these fluxes in numerical models is essential for prediction of global weather and climate systems. Current physical parameterizations of the surface fluxes were developed based on observations in low-to-moderate wind speeds. They are not suited for high wind conditions, especially in extreme weather conditions such as tropical cyclones (TC) and mid-latitude winter storms. In high winds, ocean surface waves control most of the air-sea momentum transfer. While there has been some progress in representation of atmosphere-wave-ocean momentum exchange in coupled models, explicit and conservative air-sea momentum exchange has not been accomplished to date. In this study, we have developed an explicit air-sea momentum exchange through surface waves, namely the Unified Wave INterface (UWIN) for coupled models, which is physically based and computationally efficient. UWIN has been implemented and tested in a fully coupled atmosphere- wave-ocean model (UWIN-CM). The goal of this study is to better understand air-sea momentum exchange in high winds and its impact on TC prediction using UWIN-CM and observations. To address the complexity of the fully-coupled physical processes, we conducted UWIN-CM simulations of five TCs with a wide range of storm intensity over the Atlantic and Pacific basins, including Ike (2008), Earl (2010), Fanapi (2010), Isaac (2012), and Sandy (2012). A set of uncoupled and coupled numerical experiments is done for each TC case to investigate the impacts of explicit wave-based momentum exchange on the TC track, intensity, wind speed structure, and ocean feedback processes. Model results are evaluated using a comprehensive set of atmospheric and oceanic measurements from the Impact of Typhoons on the Ocean in the Pacific (ITOP) and the Grand Lagrangian Deployment (GLAD) field campaigns. Surface waves in TCs vary with storm size and intensity, storm-relative asymmetry, and between deep and shallow water. UWIN-CM produces the observed wind, wave, and upper-ocean structures in most cases. Based on wind speed measurements from 32 flights in Ike, Earl, Fanapi, and Isaac, we find that coupling with waves improves the prediction of storm size and asymmetry compared to drag coefficient-based coupling and uncoupled modeling. One of the most important capabilities of UWIN is its treatment of the air-sea momentum exchange through surface waves, which allows the wind-wave and wave-current stresses to be computed explicitly through wave growth and dissipation tendencies in the wave energy balance equation. The ocean surface currents are largely driven by dissipation of steep waves and to a lesser extent by surface wind. The largest difference between atmospheric and oceanic stress is found on the left-hand side of the storm due to complex wind-wave interactions. Waves that propagate against wind increase atmospheric stress while dissipating energy. The ratio between the oceanic… Advisors/Committee Members: Shuyi S. Chen, Mark A. Donelan, Benjamin P. Kirtman, Tamay M. Ozgokmen, Timothy J. Campbell, Jimy Dudhia.

Subjects/Keywords: Air-sea interaction; Tropical Cyclones; Ocean surface waves; Momentum exchange; Numerical modeling; Atmosphere-wave-ocean coupling

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APA (6^th Edition):

Curcic, M. (2015). Explicit Air-Sea Momentum Exchange in Coupled Atmosphere-Wave-Ocean Modeling of Tropical Cyclones. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Miami. Retrieved from https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/1512

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Curcic, Milan. “Explicit Air-Sea Momentum Exchange in Coupled Atmosphere-Wave-Ocean Modeling of Tropical Cyclones.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Miami. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/1512.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Curcic, Milan. “Explicit Air-Sea Momentum Exchange in Coupled Atmosphere-Wave-Ocean Modeling of Tropical Cyclones.” 2015. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Curcic M. Explicit Air-Sea Momentum Exchange in Coupled Atmosphere-Wave-Ocean Modeling of Tropical Cyclones. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Miami; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/1512.

Council of Science Editors:

Curcic M. Explicit Air-Sea Momentum Exchange in Coupled Atmosphere-Wave-Ocean Modeling of Tropical Cyclones. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Miami; 2015. Available from: https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/1512

Florida International University

16. Cotto, Amaryllis. Intermittently Forced Vortex Rossby Waves.

Degree: MS, Geosciences, 2012, Florida International University

URL: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/553 ; 10.25148/etd.FI12041105 ; FI12041105

► Wavelike spiral asymmetries are an intriguing aspect of Tropical Cyclone dynamics. Previous work hypothesized that some of them are Vortex Rossby Waves propagating on… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Vortex Rossby Waves; Vorticity; Wave Energy; Critical Radius; Cut-off Frequency; Tropical Cyclone; Streamfunction; Barotropic Non-divergent; Wavenumber 2 Forcing

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cotto, A. (2012). Intermittently Forced Vortex Rossby Waves. (Thesis). Florida International University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/553 ; 10.25148/etd.FI12041105 ; FI12041105

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cotto, Amaryllis. “Intermittently Forced Vortex Rossby Waves.” 2012. Thesis, Florida International University. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/553 ; 10.25148/etd.FI12041105 ; FI12041105.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cotto, Amaryllis. “Intermittently Forced Vortex Rossby Waves.” 2012. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Cotto A. Intermittently Forced Vortex Rossby Waves. [Internet] [Thesis]. Florida International University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/553 ; 10.25148/etd.FI12041105 ; FI12041105.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cotto A. Intermittently Forced Vortex Rossby Waves. [Thesis]. Florida International University; 2012. Available from: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/553 ; 10.25148/etd.FI12041105 ; FI12041105

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

17. LAU AN YI ANNIE. ASSESSING COASTAL HAZARDS WITH HIGH-ENERGY WAVE-DEPOSITED BOULDERS: CASE STUDIES FROM THREE TROPICAL PACIFIC ISLANDS.

Degree: 2015, National University of Singapore

URL: http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/122344

Subjects/Keywords: Boulders; Coastal hazard; Extreme waves; Tropical cyclone; Tsunami; Pacific

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APA (6^th Edition):

ANNIE, L. A. Y. (2015). ASSESSING COASTAL HAZARDS WITH HIGH-ENERGY WAVE-DEPOSITED BOULDERS: CASE STUDIES FROM THREE TROPICAL PACIFIC ISLANDS. (Thesis). National University of Singapore. Retrieved from http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/122344

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

ANNIE, LAU AN YI. “ASSESSING COASTAL HAZARDS WITH HIGH-ENERGY WAVE-DEPOSITED BOULDERS: CASE STUDIES FROM THREE TROPICAL PACIFIC ISLANDS.” 2015. Thesis, National University of Singapore. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/122344.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

ANNIE, LAU AN YI. “ASSESSING COASTAL HAZARDS WITH HIGH-ENERGY WAVE-DEPOSITED BOULDERS: CASE STUDIES FROM THREE TROPICAL PACIFIC ISLANDS.” 2015. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

ANNIE LAY. ASSESSING COASTAL HAZARDS WITH HIGH-ENERGY WAVE-DEPOSITED BOULDERS: CASE STUDIES FROM THREE TROPICAL PACIFIC ISLANDS. [Internet] [Thesis]. National University of Singapore; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/122344.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

ANNIE LAY. ASSESSING COASTAL HAZARDS WITH HIGH-ENERGY WAVE-DEPOSITED BOULDERS: CASE STUDIES FROM THREE TROPICAL PACIFIC ISLANDS. [Thesis]. National University of Singapore; 2015. Available from: http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/122344

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Georgia Tech

18. Belanger, James Ian. Predictability and prediction of tropical cyclones on daily to interannual time scales.

Degree: PhD, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 2012, Georgia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44877

► The spatial and temporal complexity of tropical cyclones (TCs) raises a number of scientific questions regarding their genesis, movement, intensification, and variability. In this dissertation,… (more)

▼ The spatial and temporal complexity of tropical cyclones (TCs) raises a number of scientific questions regarding their genesis, movement, intensification, and variability. In this dissertation, the principal goal is to determine the current state of predictability for each of these processes. To quantify the current extent of tropical cyclone predictability, we assess probabilistic forecasts from the most advanced global numerical weather prediction system to date, the ECMWF Variable Resolution Ensemble Prediction System (VarEPS). Using a new false alarm clustering technique to maximize the utility of the VarEPS, the ensemble system is shown to provide well-calibrated probabilistic forecasts for TC genesis through a lead-time of one week, and pregenesis track forecasts with similar skill compared to the VarEPS's postgenesis track forecasts. To quantify the predictability of TCs on intraseasonal time scales, forecasts from the ECMWF Monthly Forecast System (ECMFS) are examined for the North Atlantic Ocean. From this assessment, dynamically based forecasts from the ECMFS provide forecast skill exceeding climatology out to weeks three and four for portions of the southern Gulf of Mexico, western Caribbean and the Main Development Region. Forecast skill in these regions is traced to the model's ability to capture correctly the variability in deep-layer vertical wind shear, the relative frequency of easterly waves moving through these regions, and the intraseasonal modulation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation. On interannual time scales, the predictability of TCs is examined by considering their relationship with tropical Atlantic easterly waves. First, a set of easterly wave climatologies for the CFS-R, ERA-Interim, ERA-40, and NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis are developed using a new easterly wave-tracking algorithm. From the reanalysis-derived climatologies, a moderately positive and statistically significant relationship is seen with tropical Atlantic TCs. In relation to large-scale climate modes, the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM) exhibit the strongest positive covariability with Atlantic easterly wave frequency. Besides changes in the number of easterly waves, the intensification efficiency of easterly waves has also been evaluated. These findings offer a plausible physical explanation for the recent increase in the number of NATL TCs, as it has been concomitant with an increasing trend in both the number of tropical Atlantic easterly waves and intensification efficiency. The last component of this dissertation examines how the historical variability in U.S. landfalling TCs has impacted the annual TC tornado record. To reconcile the inhomogeneous, historical tornado record, two statistical tornado models, developed from a set of a priori predictors for TC tornado formation, are used to reconstruct the TC tornado climatology. While the synthetic TC tornado record reflects decadal scale variations in association with the AMO, a comparison of the current warm… Advisors/Committee Members: Curry, Judith A. (Committee Chair), Black, Robert X. (Committee Member), Deng, Yi (Committee Member), Holland, Greg (Committee Member), Webster, Peter J. (Committee Member).

Subjects/Keywords: Tropical cyclones; Hurricanes; Forecasts; Predictability; Tornadoes; Easterly waves; Climatology; Ensembles; Probabilistic forecasts; Cyclones Tropics; Atmospheric circulation; Cyclones; Storms

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APA (6^th Edition):

Belanger, J. I. (2012). Predictability and prediction of tropical cyclones on daily to interannual time scales. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44877

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Belanger, James Ian. “Predictability and prediction of tropical cyclones on daily to interannual time scales.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44877.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Belanger, James Ian. “Predictability and prediction of tropical cyclones on daily to interannual time scales.” 2012. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Belanger JI. Predictability and prediction of tropical cyclones on daily to interannual time scales. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44877.

Council of Science Editors:

Belanger JI. Predictability and prediction of tropical cyclones on daily to interannual time scales. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44877

University of Bath

19. Moss, Andrew. Wave dynamics of the stratosphere and mesosphere.

Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Bath

URL: https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/wave-dynamics-of-the-stratosphere-and-mesosphere(645a5485-9786-4409-9d36-880e2590c2b1).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707571

► Gravity waves play a fundamental role in driving the large-scale circulation of the atmosphere. They are influenced both by the variation in their sources and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: 551.51; Gravity waves; Atmosphere; Atmospheric dynamics; Stratosphere; Mesosphere; Meteor radar; Satellite data; Tropical Climate; Equatorial atmosphere

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APA (6^th Edition):

Moss, A. (2017). Wave dynamics of the stratosphere and mesosphere. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Bath. Retrieved from https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/wave-dynamics-of-the-stratosphere-and-mesosphere(645a5485-9786-4409-9d36-880e2590c2b1).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707571

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Moss, Andrew. “Wave dynamics of the stratosphere and mesosphere.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Bath. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/wave-dynamics-of-the-stratosphere-and-mesosphere(645a5485-9786-4409-9d36-880e2590c2b1).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707571.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Moss, Andrew. “Wave dynamics of the stratosphere and mesosphere.” 2017. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Moss A. Wave dynamics of the stratosphere and mesosphere. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Bath; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/wave-dynamics-of-the-stratosphere-and-mesosphere(645a5485-9786-4409-9d36-880e2590c2b1).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707571.

Council of Science Editors:

Moss A. Wave dynamics of the stratosphere and mesosphere. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Bath; 2017. Available from: https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/wave-dynamics-of-the-stratosphere-and-mesosphere(645a5485-9786-4409-9d36-880e2590c2b1).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707571

University of Florida

20. Gravois, Uriah. Rapid Response Measurements of Hurricane Waves and Storm Surge.

Degree: MS, Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering - Civil and Coastal Engineering, 2010, University of Florida

URL: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0042274

► Andrew (1992), Katrina (2005), and Ike (2008) are recent examples of extensive damage that resulted from direct hurricane landfall. Some of the worst damages from… (more)

▼ Andrew (1992), Katrina (2005), and Ike (2008) are recent examples of extensive damage that resulted from direct hurricane landfall. Some of the worst damages from these hurricanes are caused by wind driven waves and storm surge flooding. The potential for more hurricane disasters like these continues to increase as a result of population growth and real estate development in low elevation coastal regions. Observational measurements of hurricane waves and storm surge play an important role in future mitigation efforts, yet permanent wave buoy moorings and tide stations are more sparse than desired. This research has developed a rapid response method using helicopters to install temporary wave and surge gauges ahead of hurricane landfall. These temporary installations, with target depths from 10-15 m and 1-7 km offshore depending on the local shelf slope, increase the density of measurement points where the worst conditions are expected. The method has progressed to an operational state and has successfully responded to storms Ernesto (2006), Noel (2007), Fay (2008), Gustav (2008), Hanna (2008) and Ike (2008). The temporary gauges are pressure data loggers that measure at 1 Hz continuously for 12 days and are post-processed to extract surge and wave information. For the six storms studied, 45 out of 49 sensors were recovered by boat led scuba diver search teams, with 43 providing useful data for an 88 percent success rate. As part of the 20 sensor Hurricane Gustav response, sensors were also deployed in lakes and bays in Louisiana, east of the Mississippi river delta. Gustav was the largest deployment to date. Generally efforts were scaled back for storms that were not anticipated to be highly destructive. For example, the cumulative total of sensors deployed for Ernesto, Noel, Fay and Hanna was only 20. Measurement locations for Gustav spanned over 800 km of exposed coastline from Louisiana to Florida with sensors in close proximity to landfall near Cocodrie, Louisiana. Surge measurements between landfall and the Mississippi delta show 1.5 - 2 m of surge and values exceeding 2 m further from landfall north of the Mississippi delta. These observations demonstrate the importance of coastal geography on storm surge vulnerability. Waves measurements from Gustav show large waves of 5 m at all exposed locations from landfall to western Florida. Some smaller values were also recorded, likely to be due to depth limited breaking or sheltering from the Mississippi delta. Two weeks after Hurricane Gustav, major Hurricane Ike entered the Gulf of Mexico threatening Texas. Unfortunately the sensors already deployed for Gustav reached the 12 day memory limit and did not catch the most extreme conditions of Ike. However, 9 additional sensors were deployed for Ike spanning 360 km of the Texas coast. These measurements show surge east of the Galveston, Texas landfall exceeding 4.5 m and wave heights greater than 5 m. Hurricane Ike was by far the most destructive of the 6 storms measured and has spawned separate work relating the extent… Advisors/Committee Members: Sheremet, Alexandru (committee chair), Dean, Robert G. (committee member), Kennedy, Andrew B. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Buoys; Frequency measurement; Hurricanes; Maps; Ocean tides; Pressure; Pressure sensors; Storms; Tropical storms; Waves; coastal, hurricane, hurricanes, ocean, storm, tropical, waves

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gravois, U. (2010). Rapid Response Measurements of Hurricane Waves and Storm Surge. (Masters Thesis). University of Florida. Retrieved from https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0042274

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gravois, Uriah. “Rapid Response Measurements of Hurricane Waves and Storm Surge.” 2010. Masters Thesis, University of Florida. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0042274.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gravois, Uriah. “Rapid Response Measurements of Hurricane Waves and Storm Surge.” 2010. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Gravois U. Rapid Response Measurements of Hurricane Waves and Storm Surge. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Florida; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0042274.

Council of Science Editors:

Gravois U. Rapid Response Measurements of Hurricane Waves and Storm Surge. [Masters Thesis]. University of Florida; 2010. Available from: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0042274

North Carolina State University

21. Sweet, William VanderVeer. Mechanisms of variability within the upper ocean of the Galapagos Archipelago.

Degree: PhD, Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 2008, North Carolina State University

URL: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/5807

Subjects/Keywords: Tropical Instability Waves; Equatorial Undercurrent; Pacific; Galapagos; El Nino Southern Oscillation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sweet, W. V. (2008). Mechanisms of variability within the upper ocean of the Galapagos Archipelago. (Doctoral Dissertation). North Carolina State University. Retrieved from http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/5807

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sweet, William VanderVeer. “Mechanisms of variability within the upper ocean of the Galapagos Archipelago.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, North Carolina State University. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/5807.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sweet, William VanderVeer. “Mechanisms of variability within the upper ocean of the Galapagos Archipelago.” 2008. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Sweet WV. Mechanisms of variability within the upper ocean of the Galapagos Archipelago. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. North Carolina State University; 2008. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/5807.

Council of Science Editors:

Sweet WV. Mechanisms of variability within the upper ocean of the Galapagos Archipelago. [Doctoral Dissertation]. North Carolina State University; 2008. Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/5807

University of Miami

22. Moon, Yumin. Dynamical Impacts of Rotating Convective Asymmetries on Tropical Cyclones.

Degree: MS, Meteorology and Physical Oceanography (Marine), 2008, University of Miami

URL: https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/126

► Although a tropical cyclone may conceptually be regarded as an axisymmetric vortex, there is substantial evidence that asymmetric dynamics play an important role. In… (more)

▼ Although a tropical cyclone may conceptually be regarded as an axisymmetric vortex, there is substantial evidence that asymmetric dynamics play an important role. In this thesis, dynamical impacts of rotating convective asymmetries are examined in this thesis. Two types of rotating convective asymmetries are considered: rotating eyewall convective maximum which is located in the core region of the storm and spiral bands which are located outside the core. Both of them can be characterized as rotating asymmetric convective heat sources, and they are superimposed on a balanced, axisymmetric vortex to approximate the effect of rotating eyewall convective maximum and spiral bands on tropical cyclone by using a simple nonhydrostatic three-dimensional, but linear model that is based on vortex anelastic equations. The evolution of rotating convective asymmetric heat sources on a balanced, axisymmetric vortex, which is modeled after tropical cyclones, is investigated to examine angular momentum transport by gravity waves that radiate away from the core region. Results show that gravity waves can transport angular momentum away from a tropical cyclone, but a very small amount, which is several orders of magnitude smaller than the estimate by recent studies. The significantly large difference may largely be due to the difference between two-dimensional and three-dimensional adjustment processes. Assuming that the effects of spiral bands on tropical cyclone wind field are caused by the response to diabatic heating in their convection, rotating asymmetric heat sources are constructed to reflect observations of spiral bands. These heat sources are rotated around a realistic but idealized balanced axisymmetric vortex. Simulation results show that the response of tropical cyclone wind field to idealized spiral band heat sources can successfully capture a number of observed well-known features of spiral band circulation, such as overturning secondary circulation, descending mid-level inflow, and cyclonic tangential acceleration. Comparison to full-physics numerical simulations confirms the validity of this method which provides a simple dynamical framework to better understand the impact of spiral bands in tropical cyclone. Advisors/Committee Members: David S. Nolan, Brian E. Mapes, Robert F. Rogers, Hugh E. Willoughby.

Subjects/Keywords: Rotating Convective Asymmetries; Tropical Cyclone; Spiral Bands; Gravity Waves; Angular Momentum

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APA (6^th Edition):

Moon, Y. (2008). Dynamical Impacts of Rotating Convective Asymmetries on Tropical Cyclones. (Thesis). University of Miami. Retrieved from https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/126

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Moon, Yumin. “Dynamical Impacts of Rotating Convective Asymmetries on Tropical Cyclones.” 2008. Thesis, University of Miami. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/126.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Moon, Yumin. “Dynamical Impacts of Rotating Convective Asymmetries on Tropical Cyclones.” 2008. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Moon Y. Dynamical Impacts of Rotating Convective Asymmetries on Tropical Cyclones. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Miami; 2008. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/126.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Moon Y. Dynamical Impacts of Rotating Convective Asymmetries on Tropical Cyclones. [Thesis]. University of Miami; 2008. Available from: https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/126

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cambridge

23. McCrystall, Michelle Roisin. The impact of tropical sea surface temperature perturbations on atmospheric circulation over north Canada and Greenland.

Degree: PhD, 2018, University of Cambridge

URL: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.24190 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.744914

► Identifying the drivers of Arctic climate variability is essential for understanding the recent rapid changes in local climate and determining the mechanisms that cause them.… (more)

▼ Identifying the drivers of Arctic climate variability is essential for understanding the recent rapid changes in local climate and determining the mechanisms that cause them. Remote tropical sea surface temperatures (SST) have been identified in previous studies as having contributed to the recent positive trends in surface temperature and geopotential height at 200 hPa over north Canada and Greenland (1979-2012) through poleward propagating Rossby waves. However, the source and direction of wave propagation on to north Canada and Greenland (NCG) differs across climate datasets indicating that there are still uncertainties surrounding the mechanisms for how the tropics influence the NCG climate. This thesis aims to further investigate the robustness of the trends over NCG and understand how circulation in this region responds to imposed tropical SST perturbations. The eddy 200 hPa geopotential height (Z200) trends over NCG are assessed in a number of different datasets and compared to the response of eddy Z200 over NCG to imposed tropical SST perturbations in a number of sensitivity studies using the HadGEM3 atmosphere-only model. These model experiments are forced with observed differences in SSTs from the beginning and end of the satellite record (1979-1988 and 2003-2012), with spatial perturbations for [i] the entire tropics, [ii] global SSTs, [iii] the tropical Pacific only, [iv] the tropical Atlantic SST only, [v] the tropical Indian Ocean only. The positive spatial trends of eddy Z200 over NCG from ERA-Interim reanalysis is largely captured in ensemble means of two available climate datasets, UPSCALE and AMIP, indicating that this is a robust climate pattern, however, these trends appear to be stronger in the latter part of the record specifically over the UPSCALE period (1985 to 2011). The model sensitivity studies show that a negative eddy Z200 anomaly over NCG was found in response to all imposed tropical SST perturbations (2003-2012) relative to a background state (1979-1988). This was due a stationary trough over the region that was able to intensify in response to a lack of a strong anomalous wave forcing from changes in mid-tropospheric temperature and zonal winds. The forcing from the tropical Atlantic, relative to the other tropical ocean basins, resulted in the largest eddy Z200 response over NCG, indicating its dominance in forcing the large scale tropical signal. The influence of extratropical SST perturbations relative to tropical SST perturbations were also investigated and it was demonstrated that this negative anomaly is largely driven by the change in tropical sea surface temperatures.

Subjects/Keywords: 551.9; Arctic climate; Arctic amplifcation; Teleconnections; Tropic to Arctic teleconnections; Arctic circulation; Arctic warming; Rossby Waves; Rossby Wave sources; Tropical SST perturbations

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APA (6^th Edition):

McCrystall, M. R. (2018). The impact of tropical sea surface temperature perturbations on atmospheric circulation over north Canada and Greenland. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Cambridge. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.24190 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.744914

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McCrystall, Michelle Roisin. “The impact of tropical sea surface temperature perturbations on atmospheric circulation over north Canada and Greenland.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cambridge. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.24190 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.744914.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McCrystall, Michelle Roisin. “The impact of tropical sea surface temperature perturbations on atmospheric circulation over north Canada and Greenland.” 2018. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

McCrystall MR. The impact of tropical sea surface temperature perturbations on atmospheric circulation over north Canada and Greenland. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.24190 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.744914.

Council of Science Editors:

McCrystall MR. The impact of tropical sea surface temperature perturbations on atmospheric circulation over north Canada and Greenland. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2018. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.24190 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.744914

24. Podglajen, Aurélien. Ondes et turbulence à la tropopause tropicale et impacts sur les cirrus : Waves and turbulence at the tropical tropopause and their impacts on tropical tropopause layer cirrus.

Degree: Docteur es, Météorologie, océanographie, physique de l'environnement, 2017, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE)

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE013

►

Cette thèse s’intéresse aux ondes de gravité et à la turbulence dans la région de la tropopause tropicale (TTL pour tropical tropopause layer, entre 14… (more)

▼

Cette thèse s’intéresse aux ondes de gravité et à la turbulence dans la région de la tropopause tropicale (TTL pour tropical tropopause layer, entre 14 et 18 km d’altitude), et à leurs impacts sur les cirrus.Dans un premier temps, les fluctuations de température et de vent vertical induites dans la TTL par les ondes de gravité sont quantifiées et caractérisées à partir de mesures provenant de vols de ballons stratosphériques longue durée. Les perturbations observées sont comparées aux champs de fluctuations résolues par différents modèles atmosphériques globaux. À la lumière des observations, différentes méthodes de paramétrisation des fluctuations de température sont discutées.Dans un second temps, l’influence des ondes équatoriales et de gravité sur la microphysique des cirrus est étudiée. On considère d’abord l’impact des ondes de gravité de haute fréquence sur la nucléation des cristaux de glace. La question du rôle des anomalies de vent vertical induites par les ondes de basse fréquence sur le transport de la glace est ensuite abordée et son impact quantifié à l’aide d’observations in situ. Enfin, on étudie la formation et l’évolution d’un cirrus de grande échelle à l’aide de simulations numériques. Parmi les différents processus en jeu (radiatifs,...), on montre l’importance d’une onde équatoriale de grande échelle dans la structuration et l’évolution du champ nuageux.Dans une dernière partie, les fluctuations de vents de petite échelle dans la TTL, interprétées comme de la turbulence, sont étudiées à partirdes observations avion de la campagne ATTREX au-dessus de l’océan Pacifique. Leur impact sur le transport vertical de différents traceurs est quantifié. Il est inférieur à l’impact de l’upwelling équatorial de grande échelle mais néanmoins significatif.

Atmospheric waves and turbulence and their impacts on cirrus clouds in the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL, 14-18 km altitude) are studied using in situ observations, numerical simulations and theoretical approaches.First, long-duration stratospheric balloon measurements are used to analyze Lagrangian temperature and vertical wind fluctuations induced by gravity waves at the tropical tropopause. The amplitude and intermittency of wave fluctuations are assessed, and the observations are compared with resolved wave fluctuations in atmospheric models. Methods to parameterize Lagrangian temperature fluctuations are then discussed.Then, some impacts of waves on cirrus clouds microphysics are examined. We first consider the influence of high frequency gravity waves on the ice nucleation process. Next, we explore the interplay between ice crystal sedimentation and advection by the wind perturbations induced by low frequency waves. At last, we use numerical simulations to investigate the formation of a large-scale cirrus in the TTL. We demonstrate the role of large-scale equatorial waves and quantify the relevance of different processes (dynamics, radiative heating,...) in the cloud evolution.Finally, small-scale wind fluctuations, interpreted as turbulent bursts,…

Advisors/Committee Members: Plougonven, Riwal (thesis director), Hertzog, Albert (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Tropopause tropicale (TTL); Ondes de gravité; Turbulence; Cirrus; Ballons longue durée; Modélisation mésoéchelle; TTL (tropical tropoause layer); Gravity waves; Turbulence; Cirrus clouds; Superpressure balloons; Mesosclae modeling; 551.5

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APA (6^th Edition):

Podglajen, A. (2017). Ondes et turbulence à la tropopause tropicale et impacts sur les cirrus : Waves and turbulence at the tropical tropopause and their impacts on tropical tropopause layer cirrus. (Doctoral Dissertation). Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE). Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE013

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Podglajen, Aurélien. “Ondes et turbulence à la tropopause tropicale et impacts sur les cirrus : Waves and turbulence at the tropical tropopause and their impacts on tropical tropopause layer cirrus.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE). Accessed January 21, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE013.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Podglajen, Aurélien. “Ondes et turbulence à la tropopause tropicale et impacts sur les cirrus : Waves and turbulence at the tropical tropopause and their impacts on tropical tropopause layer cirrus.” 2017. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Podglajen A. Ondes et turbulence à la tropopause tropicale et impacts sur les cirrus : Waves and turbulence at the tropical tropopause and their impacts on tropical tropopause layer cirrus. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE); 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE013.

Council of Science Editors:

Podglajen A. Ondes et turbulence à la tropopause tropicale et impacts sur les cirrus : Waves and turbulence at the tropical tropopause and their impacts on tropical tropopause layer cirrus. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE); 2017. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE013

25. Staehling, Erica Marie. The Influence of African Easterly Waves on Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity .

Degree: PhD, 2015, Princeton University

URL: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01kd17cw08d

► A high-resolution global atmospheric model is used to disentangle the relationship between African easterly waves (AEWs) and Atlantic tropical storms (TCs) from the large-scale environmental… (more)

▼ A high-resolution global atmospheric model is used to disentangle the relationship between African easterly waves (AEWs) and Atlantic tropical storms (TCs) from the large-scale environmental factors that may obscure their connection. Since the two most cited references on AEW interannual variability in relation to TC activity draw conflicting conclusions about the historical relationship, and the AEW counts in each study do not show agreement on historical variability, novel analysis procedures are developed to produce consistent AEW and TC count statistics for the historical record using reanalysis products. This reanalysis-derived historical record is used to legitimize the model for the study of AEWs, which is subsequently utilized to investigate the relationship between AEWs and TCs. The internal variability of the relationship between AEW and TC count, including the sensitivity to ENSO phase and annual trends, and the interplay between environmental factors, AEW activity, and TC activity are probed using three sets of simulations: 1) climatological simulations, consisting of three ensemble members forced with historical seasonally and annually varying SST; 2) simulations with interannually invariant forcing, including a control simulation with climatological mean SST and a perpetual La Nina simulation with composite SST from strong La Nina years; 3) perturbed simulations, in which the large-scale environment is drastically altered through the manipulation of African albedo. Since variability exists in AEW count that is unexplained by known indicators of large-scale environmental favorability, across all simulations and multiple timescales, it is unlikely that the ubiquitous covariance between AEW and TC count is simply a response to environmental factors. The statistically significant correlations between AEW and TC statistics suggest that AEW variability accounts for a portion of the observed variability in TC count not due to known environmental factors, since there is unexplained variance in AEW count, and both individual years and aggregated model runs with more (fewer) AEWs also tend to have more (fewer) TCs. It is argued that while half of the covariance between AEW and TC count interannually is mediated by the large-scale environment, the other half can be attributed to stochastic AEW variability. Advisors/Committee Members: Held, Isaac M (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: African Easterly Waves; atmospheric variability; climate dynamics; numerical simulation; tropical cyclogenesis; tropical meteorology

…of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) in a global study of tropical waves of… …various temporal and physical scales (Rossby-gravity waves, tropical depressions-type or… …55 Confirming Historical TC Origins with Tropical Cyclone Reports 59 3 Results: Historical… …often difficult to predict events in which high intensity tropical cyclones (TCs)… …long-lived, and destructive, so there is cause to believe that AEW-spawned tropical storms…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Staehling, E. M. (2015). The Influence of African Easterly Waves on Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity . (Doctoral Dissertation). Princeton University. Retrieved from http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01kd17cw08d

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Staehling, Erica Marie. “The Influence of African Easterly Waves on Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity .” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Princeton University. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01kd17cw08d.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Staehling, Erica Marie. “The Influence of African Easterly Waves on Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity .” 2015. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Staehling EM. The Influence of African Easterly Waves on Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Princeton University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01kd17cw08d.

Council of Science Editors:

Staehling EM. The Influence of African Easterly Waves on Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity . [Doctoral Dissertation]. Princeton University; 2015. Available from: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01kd17cw08d

26. King, Malcolm James. Global-scale waves and their links with tropical convection.

Degree: 2016, University of Melbourne

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/120189

► Analyses have found a substantial amount of tropical convection variability is attributable to the interaction of convection with waves that exist and propagate throughout the… (more)

▼ Analyses have found a substantial amount of tropical convection variability is attributable to the interaction of convection with waves that exist and propagate throughout the tropics. The waves that interact most strongly with convection in the tropics are those that have large surface convergence signatures and vertical structures which correspond closely to those of deep convection. However, it has been shown that tropical convection also significantly interacts with the 5-day Rossby-Haurwitz wave, a global-scale normal mode of the atmosphere with very small associated convergence and a barotropic vertical structure. The properties and processes of this interaction are currently not well understood, and this thesis seeks to improve the understanding of this interaction. Annual and interannual variability in the strength of the interaction between the 5-day wave and convection is examined through use of wavenumber-frequency spectra of coherence-squared between zonal wind data from ERA Interim and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) from NOAA satellite datasets. This analysis finds that the association between the 5-day wave and tropical convection is strongest during equinoctial seasons and weakest during austral summer, but occurs in all seasons. No difference in the coherence-squared between 5-day wave zonal winds and OLR variations is found in opposing El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Quasi-Biennial oscillation (QBO) phases. The spatial distribution of convection associated with the 5-day wave is investigated through lag-regression composites of OLR and TRMM 3B42 precipitation against a filtered zonal wind timeseries, with significant local signals in tropical convection found over west equatorial Africa, the western Amazon basin, the eastern Pacific Ocean Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) near Panama, the north-eastern In- dian Ocean near Sumatra, and the ITCZ over the western Indian and Pacific Oceans. Enhanced convection occurs in phase with easterly wind anomalies in the western Amazon, in phase with westerly wind anomalies in the eastern Pacific, and approximately a quarter-cycle in advance of westerly wind anomalies elsewhere. These results are applied to analyse simulations of the 5-day wave and its interaction with tropical convection in 30 CMIP5 models. All models investigated simulate the horizontal wind anomalies associated with the wave well, and also consistently display significant coherences between 5-day wave zonal winds and precipitation. However, they perform less well at simulating the spatial distribution and magnitude of precipitation anomalies. A strong trend exists between model resolution and wave-associated precipitation variance in the western Amazon, but does not exist between model resolution and wave-associated precipitation elsewhere. Enhanced precipitation associated with the 5-day wave in the western Amazon basin, along the western coast of Sumatra and off the coast of the Philippines was found to be strongly associated with enhanced low-level moisture flux…

Subjects/Keywords: tropical convection; atmospheric waves; rossby-haurwitz waves; 5-day wave; wave-convection interactions

…understanding of global-scale atmospheric waves and tropical convection 5 2.1 Large-scale atmospheric… …day waves and their interactions with tropical convection in climate models 65 5.1 The 5… …between waves and tropical convection (e.g. Wheeler and Kiladis 1999). In addition to… …the CCEWs, easterly waves (also known as tropical depression-type waves) have also… …in our understanding of how these waves may influence tropical variability and the broader…

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APA (6^th Edition):

King, M. J. (2016). Global-scale waves and their links with tropical convection. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Melbourne. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11343/120189

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

King, Malcolm James. “Global-scale waves and their links with tropical convection.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Melbourne. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11343/120189.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

King, Malcolm James. “Global-scale waves and their links with tropical convection.” 2016. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

King MJ. Global-scale waves and their links with tropical convection. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/120189.

Council of Science Editors:

King MJ. Global-scale waves and their links with tropical convection. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/120189

Louisiana State University

27. Jadhav, Ranjit S. Field Investigation of Wave and Surge Attenuation in Salt Marsh Vegetation and Wave Climate in a Shallow Estuary.

Degree: PhD, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2012, Louisiana State University

URL: etd-11152012-094000 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3939

► This research investigates and quantifies the effectiveness of salt marsh vegetation in reducing storm-induced waves and surge, and the potential for wetland erosion due to… (more)

▼ This research investigates and quantifies the effectiveness of salt marsh vegetation in reducing storm-induced waves and surge, and the potential for wetland erosion due to wave action, using field measurements on the Louisiana coast. To quantify wave attenuation and wave energy dissipation by vegetation (Spartina alterniflora), wave data were measured along a transect using pressure transducers during two tropical storms. Measurements showed that incident waves attenuated exponentially over the vegetation. The linear spatial wave height reduction rate increased from 1.5% to 4% /m as incident wave height decreased. The bulk drag coefficient estimated from the field measurements decreased with increasing Reynolds (Re) and Keulegan-Carpenter (KC) numbers. The vegetation-induced wave energy dissipation did not linearly follow incident energy, and the degree of non-linearity varied with the dominant wave frequency. The estimated drag coefficient is shown to be frequency-dependent and is parameterized by a frequency-dependent velocity attenuation parameter inside the canopy. The spectral drag coefficient predicts the frequency-dependent energy dissipation with better accuracy than the integral coefficient. The probability distribution of zero-crossing wave heights attenuated by vegetation was observed to deviate from the Rayleigh distribution and follow the theoretically derived one-parameter Weibull distribution which depends on local wave conditions only. Empirical relationships are developed to estimate the shape parameter from the local wave parameters. Field data collected during Tropical storm Ida (2009) and Lee (2011) showed that the surge attenuated at different rates in two estuaries of different topography. Surge reduction by vegetation was more effective on a large marsh. To quantify the potential for wave action to cause erosion of coastal wetlands, directional wave measurements were collected over a seven-month period. Marsh retreat rates estimated in the study area, using the wave power calculated from the field measurements are on the same order of magnitude of the recent marsh loss monitoring data. The empirical relationships of vegetation drag coefficient and wave height probability distribution function can be used to improve coastal modeling and to estimate characteristic wave heights for the design of coastal defense structures fronted by large swaths of salt marsh vegetation.

Subjects/Keywords: Random waves; Salt marsh vegetation; Drag coefficient; Velocity attenuation; Wave energy dissipation; Rayleigh distribution; Wind waves; Marsh erosion; Surge attenuation; Wave attenuation; Tropical storm; Probability density function; Weibull distribution; Wave height distribution; Terrebonne Bay; Barrier islands; Swell

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jadhav, R. S. (2012). Field Investigation of Wave and Surge Attenuation in Salt Marsh Vegetation and Wave Climate in a Shallow Estuary. (Doctoral Dissertation). Louisiana State University. Retrieved from etd-11152012-094000 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3939

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jadhav, Ranjit S. “Field Investigation of Wave and Surge Attenuation in Salt Marsh Vegetation and Wave Climate in a Shallow Estuary.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Louisiana State University. Accessed January 21, 2021. etd-11152012-094000 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3939.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jadhav, Ranjit S. “Field Investigation of Wave and Surge Attenuation in Salt Marsh Vegetation and Wave Climate in a Shallow Estuary.” 2012. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Jadhav RS. Field Investigation of Wave and Surge Attenuation in Salt Marsh Vegetation and Wave Climate in a Shallow Estuary. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Louisiana State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: etd-11152012-094000 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3939.

Council of Science Editors:

Jadhav RS. Field Investigation of Wave and Surge Attenuation in Salt Marsh Vegetation and Wave Climate in a Shallow Estuary. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Louisiana State University; 2012. Available from: etd-11152012-094000 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3939

University of Adelaide

28. Love, Peter Thomas. Gravity wave coupling of the lower and middle atmosphere.

Degree: 2009, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/51066

► A method of inferring tropospheric gravity wave source characteristics from middle atmosphere observations has been adapted from previous studies for use with MF radar observations… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: gravity waves; atmospheric tides; tropical convection; mesosphere; lower thermosphere; MF radar; momementum flux; gravity wave parameterisation; ray tracing; troposphere; gravity wave spectrum; Christmas Island; Gravity waves

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APA (6^th Edition):

Love, P. T. (2009). Gravity wave coupling of the lower and middle atmosphere. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/51066

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Love, Peter Thomas. “Gravity wave coupling of the lower and middle atmosphere.” 2009. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/51066.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Love, Peter Thomas. “Gravity wave coupling of the lower and middle atmosphere.” 2009. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Love PT. Gravity wave coupling of the lower and middle atmosphere. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/51066.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Love PT. Gravity wave coupling of the lower and middle atmosphere. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/51066

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

29. Toma, Violeta E. Oscillations of the intertropical convergence zone and the genesis of easterly waves.

Degree: PhD, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 2008, Georgia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24747

► We examine the eastern Pacific Ocean Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) both in its mean state and transient phases using a combined diagnostic, theoretical and numerical… (more)

▼ We examine the eastern Pacific Ocean Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) both in its mean state and transient phases using a combined diagnostic, theoretical and numerical modeling approach. We note that the ITCZ is perpetually in a transient state with strong variability occurring on 4-8 day time scales. Transients, about half the amplitude of the mean ITCZ, propagate northwards from the near-equatorial southern hemisphere eventually increasing the convection in the vicinity of the mean ITCZ convection. It is argued that the mean ITCZ is continually inertially unstable with incursions of anticyclonic vorticity advected across the equator resulting in the creation of a divergence-convergence doublet. The low-level convergence generates convection and vortex tube stretching which generates cyclonic vorticity counteracting the northward advection of anticyclonic vorticity. During a cycle, the heating in the mid-troposphere near 10°N oscillated between 6 and 12 K/day at the inertial frequency of the latitude of the mean convection. The shallow meridional circulation, noted in the mean field in other studies, appears to be a result of the transient nature of the ITCZ. It is hypothesized that westward propagating equatorial waves result from the inertial oscillation of the ITCZ. To test that the waves are formed in situ in the eastern Pacific and not remnants of waves propagating from the Atlantic or promoted by the Central and South American orography, several numerical experiments are undertaken using a high-resolution regional model spanning the western Atlantic Ocean and the eastern Pacific. In the control case, the model is initialized at all boundaries with full high-frequency observations. In two additional experiments, these transients are filtered out, and a third experiment is run with the topography over a large part of Central and South America removed. In all experiments, westward propagating waves are formed in the region of high CEPG suggesting that the hypothesis of in situ development may be correct. Advisors/Committee Members: Peter J. Webster (Committee Chair), Robert X. Black (Committee Member), John A. Knox (Committee Member), Judith A. Curry (Committee Member), Yi Deng (Committee Member).

Subjects/Keywords: Eastern Pacific convection; Easterly waves; Inertial instability; ITCZ convection; Tropical dynamics; Mean meridional circulation; Intertropical convergence zone; Atmospheric waves

…virtually all the eastern Pacific Ocean tropical cyclones develop in association with waves… …waves result from the inertial oscillation of the ITCZ. To test that the waves are formed in… …situ in the eastern Pacific and not remnants of waves propagating from the Atlantic or… …removed. In all experiments, westward propagating waves are formed in the region of high CEPG… …Traditionally, the tropical general circulation is thought to consist of a thermally directed…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Toma, V. E. (2008). Oscillations of the intertropical convergence zone and the genesis of easterly waves. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24747

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Toma, Violeta E. “Oscillations of the intertropical convergence zone and the genesis of easterly waves.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24747.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Toma, Violeta E. “Oscillations of the intertropical convergence zone and the genesis of easterly waves.” 2008. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Toma VE. Oscillations of the intertropical convergence zone and the genesis of easterly waves. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2008. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24747.

Council of Science Editors:

Toma VE. Oscillations of the intertropical convergence zone and the genesis of easterly waves. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24747

30. Abhilash, S. Tropical Mesoscale Convective Systems and Associated Energetics : Observational and Modeling Studies.

Degree: Atmospheric Sciences, 2007, Cochin University of Science and Technology

URL: http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2985

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The main purpose of the thesis is to improve the state of knowledge and understanding of the physical structure of the TMCS and its short… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Radar Remote Sensing; Meteorology; Tropical Cloud Clusters; TMCS; Satellite Data; Gravity Waves; Atmospheric Science

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APA (6^th Edition):

Abhilash, S. (2007). Tropical Mesoscale Convective Systems and Associated Energetics : Observational and Modeling Studies. (Thesis). Cochin University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2985

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Abhilash, S. “Tropical Mesoscale Convective Systems and Associated Energetics : Observational and Modeling Studies.” 2007. Thesis, Cochin University of Science and Technology. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2985.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Abhilash, S. “Tropical Mesoscale Convective Systems and Associated Energetics : Observational and Modeling Studies.” 2007. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Abhilash S. Tropical Mesoscale Convective Systems and Associated Energetics : Observational and Modeling Studies. [Internet] [Thesis]. Cochin University of Science and Technology; 2007. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2985.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Abhilash S. Tropical Mesoscale Convective Systems and Associated Energetics : Observational and Modeling Studies. [Thesis]. Cochin University of Science and Technology; 2007. Available from: http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2985

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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