subject:(trophic cascade)

University of Miami

1. Kelble, Christopher R. The Effect of Salinity Variability on the Mesozooplankton Community of Florida Bay.

Degree: PhD, Marine Biology and Fisheries (Marine), 2010, University of Miami

URL: https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/392

► The greater Everglades ecosystem, including Florida Bay, has undergone significant anthropogenic manipulation over the past century. These actions resulted in a series of ecologically… (more)

▼ The greater Everglades ecosystem, including Florida Bay, has undergone significant anthropogenic manipulation over the past century. These actions resulted in a series of ecologically undesirable events in the Everglades ecosystem, prompting passage of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP). It is necessary to understand the variability in, and relationship between, salinity and ecology to fully evaluate the potential effects of CERP on Florida Bay. A seven-year dataset on surface salinity along with eleven-year and eight-year datasets on mesozooplankton and planktivorous fish were analyzed. Overall, mean Bay-wide salinity varied from a low of 24.2 just after the passing of Hurricane Irene in October 1999 to a high of 41.8 near the end of a drought period in July 2001. Bay-wide mean salinity exhibited dramatic decreases, up to 0.5 per day, whereas increases in bay-wide salinity were slower, with a maximum rate of 0.1 per day. Meteorological phenomena, such as tropical cyclones and ENSO, dramatically altered the salinity patterns of Florida Bay on interannual time scales. There was a large degree of spatial heterogeneity in salinity between sub-regions of Florida Bay due to differing freshwater sources and geomorphology. Mesozooplankton abundance displayed interannual variability and a positive correlation with salinity. Both of these features were also closely correlated with abundance of the dominant planktivorous fish, Anchoa mitchilli, indicating the importance of top-down control. The hypersaline periods appear to provide a refuge from predators, allowing mesozooplankton to increase in abundance during periods of increased physiological stress. The interaction between mesozooplankton and A. mitchilli, along with its correlation to salinity, was further investigated through the development of a mechanistic model of the populations in Florida Bay. The model indicated predation alone was insufficient to control mesozooplankton populations; rather, it was necessary to incorporate density-dependence utilizing a logistic prey population. With both mechanisms the model was able to replicate the observed interannual variability pattern and positive correlation between mesozooplankton and salinity. A preliminary management scenario evaluation suggests a two to six-fold difference in A. mitchilli and mesozooplankton populations between targeted and general salinity reductions. This suggests alternative freshwater management scenarios could produce drastically different ecological consequences. Advisors/Committee Members: Gary Hitchcock, Peter Ortner, Donald DeAngelis, Michael Dagg, Joseph Boyer.

Subjects/Keywords: Oligotrophic; Ecosystem Restoration; Climate; Trophic Cascade; Resource Limitation; Zooplankton

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kelble, C. R. (2010). The Effect of Salinity Variability on the Mesozooplankton Community of Florida Bay. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Miami. Retrieved from https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/392

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kelble, Christopher R. “The Effect of Salinity Variability on the Mesozooplankton Community of Florida Bay.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Miami. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/392.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kelble, Christopher R. “The Effect of Salinity Variability on the Mesozooplankton Community of Florida Bay.” 2010. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kelble CR. The Effect of Salinity Variability on the Mesozooplankton Community of Florida Bay. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Miami; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/392.

Council of Science Editors:

Kelble CR. The Effect of Salinity Variability on the Mesozooplankton Community of Florida Bay. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Miami; 2010. Available from: https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/392

2. Eger, Aaron M. The role of predators and species diversity in structuring marine ecosystems.

Degree: Department of Biology, 2018, University of Victoria

URL: https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9048

► Marine ecosystems contain both highly abundant and diverse communities of vertebrates and invertebrates; however anthropogenic activity has drastically altered the species composition and diversity of… (more)

▼ Marine ecosystems contain both highly abundant and diverse communities of vertebrates and invertebrates; however anthropogenic activity has drastically altered the species composition and diversity of these ecosystems. Specifically, human activity has targeted high trophic level species and degraded much of the biogenic habitat that faunal communities rely upon. These alterations have resulted in the loss of many marine predators and overall declines of marine biodiversity. To investigate the consequences of marine predator loss and community level species decline, I use a combination of large-scale data synthesis and in situ field observations of marine fish communities. I first use a meta-analysis approach to synthesize the consequences of marine predator loss in benthic marine ecosystems worldwide. From this synthesis, I was able to determine some of the biotic and abiotic factors that regulate the response of marine herbivores and primary producers to predator loss. Specifically, I show that marine predators have the strongest effect on populations of marine herbivores when predators and herbivores were similar in size and when larger herbivores were involved. Conversely the factors that best explained the response of the primary producer populations were related to the abiotic environment. The results show that primary producers respond the most positively to the presence of predators in high nutrient environments. While I found no link between the magnitude of change in the herbivore population and the magnitude of change in the producer population, I was able to demonstrate that primary producers are under the strongest top-down controls when nutrient concentrations are high, sea surface temperatures are low, and when the predator is larger in size than the herbivore. Finally, I use the data related to marine reserves to show that reserves are an effective tool to help reverse the trophic consequences of marine predator loss and that they are most effective when they are older in age. The third chapter examines the links between community diversity and community biomass within fish communities in eelgrass ecosystems in Northern British Columbia. After controlling for environmental variation, I found that it was the dominance of certain species within a community that resulted in the highest ecosystem function. This finding was demonstrated by both the taxonomic and functional metrics of diversity used. While previous work on this topic has shown that richness is positively correlated to function, my results are to the contrary, and suggest that further investigation into which aspects of community diversity drive ecosystem function is required. In conclusion, my results provide a new synthesis of the consequences of marine predator loss across the world and show how species diversity is linked to ecosystem function in local eelgrass fish communities. Advisors/Committee Members: Baum, Julia Kathleen (supervisor).

Subjects/Keywords: trophic cascade; biodiversity; ecosystem function; marine; predators; coastal; functional diversity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Eger, A. M. (2018). The role of predators and species diversity in structuring marine ecosystems. (Masters Thesis). University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9048

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Eger, Aaron M. “The role of predators and species diversity in structuring marine ecosystems.” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of Victoria. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9048.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Eger, Aaron M. “The role of predators and species diversity in structuring marine ecosystems.” 2018. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Eger AM. The role of predators and species diversity in structuring marine ecosystems. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Victoria; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9048.

Council of Science Editors:

Eger AM. The role of predators and species diversity in structuring marine ecosystems. [Masters Thesis]. University of Victoria; 2018. Available from: https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9048

3. DeBoom, Corey S. Foraging ecology of two piscivores in woody habitat and effects of their introduction on lake ecosystems.

Degree: MS, 0190, 2012, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/34331

► Predation is a major ecological force affecting the abundance and species composition of natural communities. Predation from piscivorous fish is a strong driver of these… (more)

▼ Predation is a major ecological force affecting the abundance and species composition of natural communities. Predation from piscivorous fish is a strong driver of these patterns in freshwater aquatic communities. My research is directed at testing whether the introduction and augmentation of piscivore populations, as well as the alteration of littoral habitats, in Illinois lakes affects the consequences of predation for other ecologically and recreationally important species in these ecosystems. Some studies in lentic ecosystems have found large effects of introducing piscivores to systems that previously lacked them, as well as, to the artificial enhancement of piscivore populations. While the evidence for such “trophic cascades” is plentiful, a large body of subsequent research has suggested that certain properties of lakes found in lower latitude systems in the central and southern United States may buffer these systems from cascading effects of piscivore manipulations. Therefore, there is a need to test the generality of cascading trophic interactions in these lower latitude lentic ecosystems. Thus, in chapter 1 I tested for the effects of supplemental piscivore enhancements on the food webs of several Illinois lakes in a series of whole-lake experiments incorporating unmanipulated control systems. I found that piscivore enhancements in Illinois lakes did not cause the predicted pelagic food web changes predicted by the traditional trophic cascade theory; however, there was a significant effect upon littoral macroinvertebrates. This effect was driven by a reduction in the abundance of small bodied littoral fishes (primarily juvenile bluegills) after the initiation of supplemental largemouth bass stocking. My results highlight the importance of system-specific characteristics in determining the effects of piscivore enhancement measures. In addition to piscivore enhancement, there is a need to better understand the effects of introducing new piscivore species. Previous studies suggest that the introduction of new species can drive a nearly limitless array of food web consequences, with the most common including direct and indirect interactions between top predators and changes in prey mortality rates. In a controlled experimental design, I tested for changes in population characteristics including size structure, condition, and relative abundance of several ecologically and recreational important resident fish species in response to muskellunge introduction across several Illinois lakes. I found that contrary to popular concerns, the dominant resident piscivore largemouth bass generally increased in relative abundance in response to muskellunge introduction. I also found few effects of introduced muskellunge on common prey species, with the exception of Pomoxis spp., which exhibited increases in size structure and/or decreases in relative abundance. My results indicate that the current trend of muskellunge introduction in lower Midwestern lakes does not appear to be significantly harming resident… Advisors/Committee Members: Wahl, David H. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Predation; Trophic Cascade; Habitat

…Kitchell. 1992. Trophic cascade and biomanipulation – interface of research and management… …the piscivore-planktivore interaction implications for the trophic cascade hypothesis… …Limnology and Oceanography 39(4):897-912. Hodgson, J. Y. 2005. A trophic cascade… …Sears, G. R. Huxel, D. R. Strong, and J. Maron. 2000. When is a trophic cascade a trophic… …1995. Food-web regulation by a planktivore: Exploring the generality of the trophic cascade…

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APA (6^th Edition):

DeBoom, C. S. (2012). Foraging ecology of two piscivores in woody habitat and effects of their introduction on lake ecosystems. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/34331

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

DeBoom, Corey S. “Foraging ecology of two piscivores in woody habitat and effects of their introduction on lake ecosystems.” 2012. Thesis, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/34331.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

DeBoom, Corey S. “Foraging ecology of two piscivores in woody habitat and effects of their introduction on lake ecosystems.” 2012. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

DeBoom CS. Foraging ecology of two piscivores in woody habitat and effects of their introduction on lake ecosystems. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/34331.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

DeBoom CS. Foraging ecology of two piscivores in woody habitat and effects of their introduction on lake ecosystems. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/34331

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Hawaii – Manoa

4. Lin, David. Trophic Ecology of Nearshore Soft-Sediment Communities around O'ahu, Hawai'i.

Degree: 2017, University of Hawaii – Manoa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/51212

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Ph.D. University of Hawaii at Manoa 2015.

Coastal and nearshore marine ecosystems are increasingly under threat from anthropogenic stressors such as overfishing, nutrient enrichment, exotic… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: soft-sediment; infauna; trophic cascade; microalgae; benthic; stable isotope

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lin, D. (2017). Trophic Ecology of Nearshore Soft-Sediment Communities around O'ahu, Hawai'i. (Thesis). University of Hawaii – Manoa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10125/51212

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lin, David. “Trophic Ecology of Nearshore Soft-Sediment Communities around O'ahu, Hawai'i.” 2017. Thesis, University of Hawaii – Manoa. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/51212.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lin, David. “Trophic Ecology of Nearshore Soft-Sediment Communities around O'ahu, Hawai'i.” 2017. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Lin D. Trophic Ecology of Nearshore Soft-Sediment Communities around O'ahu, Hawai'i. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hawaii – Manoa; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/51212.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lin D. Trophic Ecology of Nearshore Soft-Sediment Communities around O'ahu, Hawai'i. [Thesis]. University of Hawaii – Manoa; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/51212

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Cal Poly

5. Jenkins, Maggie F. Indirect Food Web Interactions: Sea Otter Predation Linked to Invasion Success in a Marine Fouling Community.

Degree: MS, Biological Sciences, 2018, Cal Poly

URL: https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2000 ; 10.15368/theses.2018.138

► Humans have caused grave ecological and economic damage worldwide through the introduction of invasive species. Understanding the factors that influence community susceptibility to invasion… (more)

▼ Humans have caused grave ecological and economic damage worldwide through the introduction of invasive species. Understanding the factors that influence community susceptibility to invasion are important for controlling further spread of invasive species. Predators have been found to provide biotic resistance to invasion in both terrestrial and marine systems. However, predators can also have the opposite effect, and facilitate invasion. Therefore, recovery or expansion of native predators could facilitate the spread of invasive species. Needles et al. (2015) demonstrated that the threatened southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) facilitated the invasion of an exotic bryozoan, Watersipora subatra. However, the underlying mechanism was not fully understood. We tested the hypothesis that sea otter predation on Romaleon antennarium crabs indirectly facilitated the abundance of W. subatra. To do this, we collected weekly data on sea otter foraging and quantified the abundance of crabs in the sea otter diet. We also conducted a caging experiment, where we experimentally manipulated crab densities and limited otter access using exclusion cages on pier pilings in Morro Bay, CA. We used photoQuad image processing software to calculate the abundance of W. subatra on PVC panels within each treatment group. We found that crabs were the second most abundant prey item in Morro Bay, comprising 25.1% of the otter diet. Through the caging experiment, we found that W. subatra abundance significantly increased as crab densities decreased. Our results indicated that sea otters indirectly facilitated the invasion of W. subatra by reducing R. antennarium crab densities and sizes. Removal of crabs may release W. subatra from the disturbance caused by crab foraging behavior. Understanding the impacts of top predators in invaded ecosystems has important management implications, as recovery of predator populations could unintentionally benefit some non-native species. Therefore, management should focus first on prevention and second on early detection and eradication of invasive species likely to benefit from predator recovery. Advisors/Committee Members: Dean Wendt & Lisa Needles.

Subjects/Keywords: invasive species; marine fouling community; trophic cascade; facilitation; indirect effects; Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jenkins, M. F. (2018). Indirect Food Web Interactions: Sea Otter Predation Linked to Invasion Success in a Marine Fouling Community. (Masters Thesis). Cal Poly. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2000 ; 10.15368/theses.2018.138

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jenkins, Maggie F. “Indirect Food Web Interactions: Sea Otter Predation Linked to Invasion Success in a Marine Fouling Community.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Cal Poly. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2000 ; 10.15368/theses.2018.138.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jenkins, Maggie F. “Indirect Food Web Interactions: Sea Otter Predation Linked to Invasion Success in a Marine Fouling Community.” 2018. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Jenkins MF. Indirect Food Web Interactions: Sea Otter Predation Linked to Invasion Success in a Marine Fouling Community. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Cal Poly; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2000 ; 10.15368/theses.2018.138.

Council of Science Editors:

Jenkins MF. Indirect Food Web Interactions: Sea Otter Predation Linked to Invasion Success in a Marine Fouling Community. [Masters Thesis]. Cal Poly; 2018. Available from: https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2000 ; 10.15368/theses.2018.138

University of New South Wales

6. Tong, Nicholas. Cascades in the Desert: Interactions between lizards and mammalian apex predators.

Degree: Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, 2017, University of New South Wales

URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/57436 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:43401/SOURCE02?view=true

► Apex predators shape ecosystems through top down pressures which impact lower trophic levels through numerous interaction pathways. Lizard assemblages in arid Australia are driven by… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Trophic; Dingo; Lizard; Cascade; Mesopredator; Fox; Cat; Goanna

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tong, N. (2017). Cascades in the Desert: Interactions between lizards and mammalian apex predators. (Masters Thesis). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/57436 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:43401/SOURCE02?view=true

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tong, Nicholas. “Cascades in the Desert: Interactions between lizards and mammalian apex predators.” 2017. Masters Thesis, University of New South Wales. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/57436 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:43401/SOURCE02?view=true.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tong, Nicholas. “Cascades in the Desert: Interactions between lizards and mammalian apex predators.” 2017. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Tong N. Cascades in the Desert: Interactions between lizards and mammalian apex predators. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of New South Wales; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/57436 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:43401/SOURCE02?view=true.

Council of Science Editors:

Tong N. Cascades in the Desert: Interactions between lizards and mammalian apex predators. [Masters Thesis]. University of New South Wales; 2017. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/57436 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:43401/SOURCE02?view=true

7. Renneville, Clémentine. Réponse à la sélection taille-dépendante anthropique et ses conséquences écologiques. Approche expérimentale avec le médaka (Oryzias latipes) : Anthropogenic size-selection response and ecological consequences. Experimental approach with medaka (Oryzias latipes).

Degree: Docteur es, Ecologie, 2016, Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris VI

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066691

►

La perte de biodiversité induite par les humains touche plus particulièrement les espèces de grande taille corporelle et génère des pressions de sélection contre les… (more)

▼

La perte de biodiversité induite par les humains touche plus particulièrement les espèces de grande taille corporelle et génère des pressions de sélection contre les grands individus. Un nombre croissant d’études montrent que la diminution des abondances de ces espèces s’accompagne d’une évolution rapide vers des tailles corporelles réduites. La problématique générale de la thèse était d’étudier expérimentalement, de manière intégrée, « des gènes à l’écosystème », les implications évolutives et écologiques de la perte rapide de biodiversité.À l’aide d’une expérience de sélection artificielle sur la taille corporelle de médaka (Oryzias latipes) pendant 6 générations, j’ai montré que (1) un ensemble de traits d’histoire de vie corrélé génétiquement à la taille (e.g. croissance somatique, âge et taille à maturité sexuelle, fécondité) pouvaient évoluer rapidement, (2) la réponse des traits des médakas dépend de la direction de sélection, et que (3) les changements phénotypiques peuvent être reliés à des changements d’expressions d’hormones hypophysaires impliqués dans la régulation de la croissance (i.e. hormone de croissance) et la reproduction (i.e. hormone de croissance et gonadotropines). Ces résultats suggèrent que les mécanismes d’adaptations des populations aux pressions anthropiques pourraient fortement modifier des traits clés pour leur maintien dans les écosystèmes. Par ailleurs, dans une autre expérience, j’ai montré que les variations phénotypiques (taille et de forme d’un médaka), peuvent avoir autant d’importance sur l’intensité de la cascade trophique qu’elles génèrent, que les variations démographiques (présence-absence du médaka). Ce résultat révèle l’importance des traits des organismes dans l’écosystème et suggère que des changements micro-évolutifs pourraient se répercuter dans les réseaux d’interactions biotiques. Cette thèse souligne la nécessité de mieux comprendre les mécanismes adaptatifs afin d’appréhender au mieux les conséquences écologiques des pressions de sélection d’origine anthropique qui s’exercent sur les populations naturelles. Elle ouvre des perspectives sur la compréhension jointe des mécanismes évolutifs et écologiques qui peuvent agir en retour l’un sur l’autre dans des boucles de rétrocontrôle éco-évolutives.

Biodiversity loss induced by humans particularly affects species which large body size and generates selection pressures against large individuals. A growing number of studies show that the decline in abundance of these species is accompanied by a rapid shift towards smaller body sizes. The aim of the thesis was to study experimentally, in an integrative approach, "from genes to ecosystem," the evolutionary and ecological implications of the rapid loss of biodiversity. I applied an artificial selection on body size of medaka (Oryzias latipes) during 6 generations, and I showed that (1) a set of life history traits genetically correlated to the size (e.g. somatic growth, age and size at sexual maturity, fecundity) could evolve rapidly, (2) the response of medaka traits…

Advisors/Committee Members: Abbadie, Luc (thesis director), Edeline, Eric (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Perte de biodiversité; Oryzias latipes; Taille corporelle; Traits d'histoire de vie; Sélection; Cascade trophique; Médaka; Selection; Trophic cascade; Medaka; 577

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APA (6^th Edition):

Renneville, C. (2016). Réponse à la sélection taille-dépendante anthropique et ses conséquences écologiques. Approche expérimentale avec le médaka (Oryzias latipes) : Anthropogenic size-selection response and ecological consequences. Experimental approach with medaka (Oryzias latipes). (Doctoral Dissertation). Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris VI. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066691

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Renneville, Clémentine. “Réponse à la sélection taille-dépendante anthropique et ses conséquences écologiques. Approche expérimentale avec le médaka (Oryzias latipes) : Anthropogenic size-selection response and ecological consequences. Experimental approach with medaka (Oryzias latipes).” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris VI. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066691.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Renneville, Clémentine. “Réponse à la sélection taille-dépendante anthropique et ses conséquences écologiques. Approche expérimentale avec le médaka (Oryzias latipes) : Anthropogenic size-selection response and ecological consequences. Experimental approach with medaka (Oryzias latipes).” 2016. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Renneville C. Réponse à la sélection taille-dépendante anthropique et ses conséquences écologiques. Approche expérimentale avec le médaka (Oryzias latipes) : Anthropogenic size-selection response and ecological consequences. Experimental approach with medaka (Oryzias latipes). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris VI; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066691.

Council of Science Editors:

Renneville C. Réponse à la sélection taille-dépendante anthropique et ses conséquences écologiques. Approche expérimentale avec le médaka (Oryzias latipes) : Anthropogenic size-selection response and ecological consequences. Experimental approach with medaka (Oryzias latipes). [Doctoral Dissertation]. Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris VI; 2016. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066691

University of Alberta

8. Teichman, Kristine J. Trophic cascades: Linking ungulates to shrub-dependent birds and butterflies.

Degree: MS, Department of Biological Sciences, 2013, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/sq87bv19n

► Top predators are known to regulate freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. However, few studies have demonstrated trophic cascades in productive and biologically diverse terrestrial ecosystems.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Canadian tiger swallowtail; trophic cascade; Elk Island National Park; ungulate; yellow warbler

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APA (6^th Edition):

Teichman, K. J. (2013). Trophic cascades: Linking ungulates to shrub-dependent birds and butterflies. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/sq87bv19n

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Teichman, Kristine J. “Trophic cascades: Linking ungulates to shrub-dependent birds and butterflies.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/sq87bv19n.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Teichman, Kristine J. “Trophic cascades: Linking ungulates to shrub-dependent birds and butterflies.” 2013. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Teichman KJ. Trophic cascades: Linking ungulates to shrub-dependent birds and butterflies. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/sq87bv19n.

Council of Science Editors:

Teichman KJ. Trophic cascades: Linking ungulates to shrub-dependent birds and butterflies. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2013. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/sq87bv19n

9. McGill, Meghan. MS Environmental Biology Capstone Project.

Degree: 2018, Regis University

URL: https://epublications.regis.edu/theses/848

► This study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the role of competition in food webs, and more specifically, in trophic cascades induced by… (more)

▼ This study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the role of competition in food webs, and more specifically, in trophic cascades induced by biodiversity loss. Trophic cascades are food web disturbances that result from the removal of an important species, often a predator, and lead to dramatic changes in herbivore and plant populations. It is critical to understand the mechanisms that drive and mitigate trophic cascades, because global biodiversity loss is increasing. Previous research suggests that biodiversity, specifically intraguild biodiversity with members in the same trophic level, is an important factor in reducing the negative effects of trophic cascades. High biodiversity increases competition, which limits population growth of individual species. Research on competition in relation to trophic cascades is scarce, prompting the need for more direct study. I plan to test the hypothesis that increased herbivorous insect biodiversity will decrease typical trophic cascade strength, by increasing competition between the herbivores and reducing plant loss. Using microcosm ecosystems in fish tanks, I will study a three-trophic-level food chain where a predator is present, and a two-trophic-level cascade where the predator has been removed. By manipulating herbivore diversity and predator presence in the tanks, I will investigate how herbivore diversity influences competition, and how the effect of changing herbivore diversity differs in food webs with and without predators. I expect that higher herbivore diversity will yield higher average plant biomass compared to herbivore monoculture treatments, and that plant biomass will be greater in tanks where the predator is present. Maintaining high biodiversity within ecosystems ensures that another mechanism, competition, maintains stable levels of herbivores and protects against major plant loss. My study will provide information to aid in management practices to help sustain ecosystems experiencing biodiversity loss. Advisors/Committee Members: Kristofor Voss.

Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Botany; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology; Trophic Cascade; Restoration; Piping Plover

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

McGill, M. (2018). MS Environmental Biology Capstone Project. (Thesis). Regis University. Retrieved from https://epublications.regis.edu/theses/848

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McGill, Meghan. “MS Environmental Biology Capstone Project.” 2018. Thesis, Regis University. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://epublications.regis.edu/theses/848.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McGill, Meghan. “MS Environmental Biology Capstone Project.” 2018. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

McGill M. MS Environmental Biology Capstone Project. [Internet] [Thesis]. Regis University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://epublications.regis.edu/theses/848.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

McGill M. MS Environmental Biology Capstone Project. [Thesis]. Regis University; 2018. Available from: https://epublications.regis.edu/theses/848

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Tasmania

10. Gallagher, JB. Natural and anthropogenic regime variance of a seagrass ecosystem : a late Anthropocene palaeo-reconstruction.

Degree: 2013, University of Tasmania

URL: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/17077/2/Whole-Gallagher-thesis.pdf

► Seagrass meadows, such as found in the Little Swanport estuary, Tasmania, Australia, provide a high ecosystem service that typically responds to natural destructive events and… (more)

▼ Seagrass meadows, such as found in the Little Swanport estuary, Tasmania, Australia, provide a high ecosystem service that typically responds to natural destructive events and nitrogen loading at decadal to inter-decadal scales. Consequently, determining and understanding the effects of anthropogenic impacts, such as the estuary’s shellfish aquaculture, requires an ecological time series of sufficient length to develop a long-term predictive theory behind changes to pattern and process and distinguish anthropogenic from natural effects. The aims of this study were to produce the appropriate long-term ecological time series for the Little Swanport estuary by combining sediment core and long term datasets (83 years to 139 years) in a palaeo-reconstruction that includes natural and anthropogenic variability, and to develop a general predictive theory behind pattern and process. The reconstructed time series was designed to include the elements of top down and bottom up control on the reconstructed seagrass–micro-algal assemblage: planktivorous fish predation, copepod feeding, calcareous sessile epifauna, seagrass-mediated nitrogen fixation, and external nutrient supply as the concentration of potential inorganic nitrogen (CPN). Ecosystem variance in the upper region of the estuary differed from the lower estuary. Within the upper estuary, weight of evidence suggested variability was consistent with decadal periods of seagrass meadow destruction and recovery as two seagrass transient regime states, followed by stable natural and impacted seagrass regime states. The transient regimes appeared to be limited by nitrogen, the natural stable regimes appeared to be limited by light and the impacted regime had a near complete reliance on light mediated nitrogen fixation. The switch between nitrogen and light limiting resources was consistent with a change from a strong to weak top down control by a planktivorous fish–copepod–sestonic–calcareous epifaunal trophic cascade. Comparisons with both temporal and spatial natural patterns and processes indicated the dependence of nitrogen fixation was the result of the lower estuary shellfish aquaculture ‘soaking up’ the supply of inorganic nitrogen from coastal waters during an extended period of drought. Within the lower estuary there was no evidence of direct effects of floods, tsunamis or shellfish aquaculture on the long-term pattern and process. Nevertheless, there was an uninterrupted repeatable natural ecosystem periodicity (i.e. a neutral model) of 57.9 years for the seagrass and micro-algal assemblage and a planktivorous fish–copepod–sestonic–calcareous epifaunal trophic cascade with a CPN at twice the biome frequency. The seagrass and micro-algal assemblage was inversely correlated but the trophic cascade was 13 years out of phase, driven by a CPN periodicity at twice the biome frequency in phase with the peaks and troughs of the seagrass and micro-algal assemblage. As a consequence, there was a change from a positive to a negative correlation of the CPN with seagrass…

Subjects/Keywords: seagrass regimes; bottom up control; trophic cascade; ecosysytem attractor; landscape ecology; general theory; floods; tsunamis

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gallagher, J. (2013). Natural and anthropogenic regime variance of a seagrass ecosystem : a late Anthropocene palaeo-reconstruction. (Thesis). University of Tasmania. Retrieved from https://eprints.utas.edu.au/17077/2/Whole-Gallagher-thesis.pdf

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gallagher, JB. “Natural and anthropogenic regime variance of a seagrass ecosystem : a late Anthropocene palaeo-reconstruction.” 2013. Thesis, University of Tasmania. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/17077/2/Whole-Gallagher-thesis.pdf.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gallagher, JB. “Natural and anthropogenic regime variance of a seagrass ecosystem : a late Anthropocene palaeo-reconstruction.” 2013. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Gallagher J. Natural and anthropogenic regime variance of a seagrass ecosystem : a late Anthropocene palaeo-reconstruction. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Tasmania; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/17077/2/Whole-Gallagher-thesis.pdf.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Gallagher J. Natural and anthropogenic regime variance of a seagrass ecosystem : a late Anthropocene palaeo-reconstruction. [Thesis]. University of Tasmania; 2013. Available from: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/17077/2/Whole-Gallagher-thesis.pdf

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Tasmania

11. Cunningham, CX. The cascading ecological effects of changes in abundance of an apex predator, the Tasmanian devil.

Degree: 2020, University of Tasmania

URL: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/34825/1/Cunningham_whole_thesis_ex_pub_mat.pdf ; https://eprints.utas.edu.au/34825/2/Cunningham_whole_thesis.pdf ; Cunningham, CX ORCID: 0000-0003-1640-2533 <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1640-2533> 2020 , 'The cascading ecological effects of changes in abundance of an apex predator, the Tasmanian devil', PhD thesis, University of Tasmania.

► Large carnivores have declined across most of the earth. After centuries of decline, however, some carnivores have begun returning to their former ranges. These changes… (more)

▼ Large carnivores have declined across most of the earth. After centuries of decline, however, some carnivores have begun returning to their former ranges. These changes in carnivore abundance have in some cases triggered trophic cascades and mesopredator release. The effects of predators arise through their direct consumptive effects, as well as behavioural effects that can in turn affect a species’ fitness, and ultimately shape food webs. The Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) is the apex predator of Australia’s island state of Tasmania. It has suffered severe population declines caused by a clonal, transmissible cancer, devil facial tumour disease (DFTD). Since its discovery in 1996, DFTD has spread across 80% of the devil’s range, causing 80% population declines on average. In response to fears the species could go extinct, an insurance population of devils was established on the formerly devil-free Maria Island. The progressive spread of DFTD and the introduction of devils to Maria Island has created two concurrent natural experiments of opposing direction, allowing us to assess the ecological effects of rising and falling abundance of this apex predator. Through this thesis, I used one or both of these natural experiments to test the ecological and behavioural effects of rapid changes in devil abundance. First, I assessed changes in carcass persistence and consumption by experimentally placing carcasses with remote cameras across the gradient of devil population decline, ranging from long-term diseased areas to those without DFTD. Second, I assessed changes in the risk-sensitive foraging behaviour of a key prey species, the brushtail possum, before and after the introduction of devils to Maria Island, using a giving-up density (GUD) foraging experiment (a measure of perceived risk). Third, I combined remote camera surveys of the two natural experiments into a single study to investigate how rising and falling devil abundance affects community-wide temporal activity. Fourth, I used remote cameras to assess the cascading effects of devil population declines on community composition across Tasmania. Declines in devil abundance reduced competition for carrion. This allowed other scavengers, including the invasive feral cat, to increase carrion consumption. Although mesoscavengers increased their consumption of carrion, they were unable to functionally replace the devil. Carcasses persisted ∼2.6-fold longer in long-diseased areas, highlighting an underappreciated ecological function of larger, more specialised carnivores. Changes to devil abundance triggered rapid behavioural shifts in other species. Previous work showed that before devils were introduced to Maria Island, GUDs of the brushtail possum were indistinguishable between the long-diseased area, where devils were rare, and Maria island, where devils were absent. This equivalence suggests that devils in long-term diseased areas are functionally extinct with respect to their influence on possum foraging behaviour. Three years after the introduction of…

Subjects/Keywords: apex predator; trophic cascade; mesopredator release; scavenging; predator-prey; feral cat; Tasmanian devil

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cunningham, C. (2020). The cascading ecological effects of changes in abundance of an apex predator, the Tasmanian devil. (Thesis). University of Tasmania. Retrieved from https://eprints.utas.edu.au/34825/1/Cunningham_whole_thesis_ex_pub_mat.pdf ; https://eprints.utas.edu.au/34825/2/Cunningham_whole_thesis.pdf ; Cunningham, CX ORCID: 0000-0003-1640-2533 <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1640-2533> 2020 , 'The cascading ecological effects of changes in abundance of an apex predator, the Tasmanian devil', PhD thesis, University of Tasmania.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cunningham, CX. “The cascading ecological effects of changes in abundance of an apex predator, the Tasmanian devil.” 2020. Thesis, University of Tasmania. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/34825/1/Cunningham_whole_thesis_ex_pub_mat.pdf ; https://eprints.utas.edu.au/34825/2/Cunningham_whole_thesis.pdf ; Cunningham, CX ORCID: 0000-0003-1640-2533 <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1640-2533> 2020 , 'The cascading ecological effects of changes in abundance of an apex predator, the Tasmanian devil', PhD thesis, University of Tasmania..

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cunningham, CX. “The cascading ecological effects of changes in abundance of an apex predator, the Tasmanian devil.” 2020. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Cunningham C. The cascading ecological effects of changes in abundance of an apex predator, the Tasmanian devil. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Tasmania; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/34825/1/Cunningham_whole_thesis_ex_pub_mat.pdf ; https://eprints.utas.edu.au/34825/2/Cunningham_whole_thesis.pdf ; Cunningham, CX ORCID: 0000-0003-1640-2533 <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1640-2533> 2020 , 'The cascading ecological effects of changes in abundance of an apex predator, the Tasmanian devil', PhD thesis, University of Tasmania..

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cunningham C. The cascading ecological effects of changes in abundance of an apex predator, the Tasmanian devil. [Thesis]. University of Tasmania; 2020. Available from: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/34825/1/Cunningham_whole_thesis_ex_pub_mat.pdf ; https://eprints.utas.edu.au/34825/2/Cunningham_whole_thesis.pdf ; Cunningham, CX ORCID: 0000-0003-1640-2533 <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1640-2533> 2020 , 'The cascading ecological effects of changes in abundance of an apex predator, the Tasmanian devil', PhD thesis, University of Tasmania.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

12. Smith, David Samuel. Ecosystem Functional Consequences Of Body Size Variation In An Apex Predator (Ambystoma jeffersonianum).

Degree: MS, Biological Sciences, 2019, Encompass Digital Archive, Eastern Kentucky University

URL: https://encompass.eku.edu/etd/600

► Biodiversity is often emphasized at the species level where each species is assigned a mean functional trait value. However, populations within a species, and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: intraspecific variation; metamorphosis; predation; sibship diversity; trophic cascade; Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Smith, D. S. (2019). Ecosystem Functional Consequences Of Body Size Variation In An Apex Predator (Ambystoma jeffersonianum). (Masters Thesis). Encompass Digital Archive, Eastern Kentucky University. Retrieved from https://encompass.eku.edu/etd/600

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Smith, David Samuel. “Ecosystem Functional Consequences Of Body Size Variation In An Apex Predator (Ambystoma jeffersonianum).” 2019. Masters Thesis, Encompass Digital Archive, Eastern Kentucky University. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://encompass.eku.edu/etd/600.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Smith, David Samuel. “Ecosystem Functional Consequences Of Body Size Variation In An Apex Predator (Ambystoma jeffersonianum).” 2019. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Smith DS. Ecosystem Functional Consequences Of Body Size Variation In An Apex Predator (Ambystoma jeffersonianum). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Encompass Digital Archive, Eastern Kentucky University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://encompass.eku.edu/etd/600.

Council of Science Editors:

Smith DS. Ecosystem Functional Consequences Of Body Size Variation In An Apex Predator (Ambystoma jeffersonianum). [Masters Thesis]. Encompass Digital Archive, Eastern Kentucky University; 2019. Available from: https://encompass.eku.edu/etd/600

Louisiana State University

13. Mercer, Nathan. Effects of Detrital Subsidy on Arthropod Communities in Louisiana Rice Fields and Predation on Rice Water Weevil (Lissorhoptrus Oryzophilus).

Degree: MS, Entomology, 2015, Louisiana State University

URL: etd-04092015-154746 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/4105

► The rice water weevil (RWW), Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Kuschel), is the most important insect pest of rice in the United States. Integrated pest management strategies for… (more)

▼ The rice water weevil (RWW), Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Kuschel), is the most important insect pest of rice in the United States. Integrated pest management strategies for RWW in Louisiana consist of cultural controls, resistant cultivars and chemical insecticides. The fourth component of IPM, biological control, is largely absent from the literature for RWW, making exploration of biological control a logical next step in developing a full set of IPM strategies. The three main types of biological control are augmentation, classical and conservation. With little known about RWW predators, conservation biological control makes the most sense as local natural enemy abundance is increased. Detrital subsidies have been shown to cause trophic cascades in agricultural system that can ultimately reduce herbivore populations via increased predator abundance. During the summer of 2013 and 2014, field experiments were carried out to determine if compost-manure additions to rice fields would cause an increase in invertebrate diversity and translates to a reduction in RWW numbers. Surveying of treatment (compost-manure additions) and control plots (no additions) for differences in invertebrates used four different sampling methods: root/soil corer, Gee crayfish trap, aquatic netting and floating pitfall traps. Based on sampling from this experiment, Notonecta sp., immature Pantanla sp. and T. lateralis were chosen to be used in aquaria experiments to test for predator effects on RWW. Detrital subsidies in both years failed to increase diversity of invertebrates or reduce RWW numbers. Plotting of feeding guilds over the course of both years showed predator populations paralleling prey populations. RWW oviposition and larval emergence was unaltered whether Notonecta sp. or Pantala sp. were present or not. Tropisternus lateralis, a herbivore/scavenger, also failed to alter RWW fecundity, suggesting that RWW may either not alter their behavior when other organisms are present or they may be able to differentiate between dangerous and non-dangerous arthropods. These experiments failed to cause a trophic cascade or identify predators of RWW. They did however demonstrate that a large prey population is present and that is utilized by a diverse predator assemblage still with the potential to be increased by detrital subsidies.

Subjects/Keywords: indirect effects; trophic cascade; aquatic invertebrates; detrital subsidy; rice water weevil; rice; diversity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mercer, N. (2015). Effects of Detrital Subsidy on Arthropod Communities in Louisiana Rice Fields and Predation on Rice Water Weevil (Lissorhoptrus Oryzophilus). (Masters Thesis). Louisiana State University. Retrieved from etd-04092015-154746 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/4105

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mercer, Nathan. “Effects of Detrital Subsidy on Arthropod Communities in Louisiana Rice Fields and Predation on Rice Water Weevil (Lissorhoptrus Oryzophilus).” 2015. Masters Thesis, Louisiana State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. etd-04092015-154746 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/4105.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mercer, Nathan. “Effects of Detrital Subsidy on Arthropod Communities in Louisiana Rice Fields and Predation on Rice Water Weevil (Lissorhoptrus Oryzophilus).” 2015. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Mercer N. Effects of Detrital Subsidy on Arthropod Communities in Louisiana Rice Fields and Predation on Rice Water Weevil (Lissorhoptrus Oryzophilus). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Louisiana State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: etd-04092015-154746 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/4105.

Council of Science Editors:

Mercer N. Effects of Detrital Subsidy on Arthropod Communities in Louisiana Rice Fields and Predation on Rice Water Weevil (Lissorhoptrus Oryzophilus). [Masters Thesis]. Louisiana State University; 2015. Available from: etd-04092015-154746 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/4105

University of Georgia

14. Binderup, Andrew Joseph. Isolating top-down effects of aquatic macroconsumers on benthic structure and function in a neotropical stream.

Degree: 2014, University of Georgia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/27061

► Macroconsumer taxa, such as fishes and crustaceans, can exert strong top-down effects on ecosystem properties and processes in streams and rivers. Previous work in montane… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: top-down effects; macroconsumer; guppy; Poecilia reticulata; trophic cascade; biofilms; leaf decomposition; Trinidad; Neotropical streams

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APA (6^th Edition):

Binderup, A. J. (2014). Isolating top-down effects of aquatic macroconsumers on benthic structure and function in a neotropical stream. (Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10724/27061

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Binderup, Andrew Joseph. “Isolating top-down effects of aquatic macroconsumers on benthic structure and function in a neotropical stream.” 2014. Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10724/27061.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Binderup, Andrew Joseph. “Isolating top-down effects of aquatic macroconsumers on benthic structure and function in a neotropical stream.” 2014. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Binderup AJ. Isolating top-down effects of aquatic macroconsumers on benthic structure and function in a neotropical stream. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/27061.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Binderup AJ. Isolating top-down effects of aquatic macroconsumers on benthic structure and function in a neotropical stream. [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/27061

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

15. Santos, Bianca Gonçalves dos. Efeitos diretos e indiretos de fertilizantes sobre comunidades aquáticas experimentais.

Degree: Mestrado, Ecologia: Ecossistemas Terrestres e Aquáticos, 2013, University of São Paulo

URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-11102013-123340/ ;

► A demanda da população humana por alimentos, fibras e biocombustíveis impõe crescimento pronunciado na agricultura intensiva e, com ela, no consumo de fertilizantes. Este manejo… (more)

▼ A demanda da população humana por alimentos, fibras e biocombustíveis impõe crescimento pronunciado na agricultura intensiva e, com ela, no consumo de fertilizantes. Este manejo de fertilizantes leva a alterações dramáticas nas quantidades e proporções de nutrientes em agroecossistemas que, por sua vez, podem influenciar comunidades biológicas por meio de alterações na biomassa, qualidade nutricional e composição de produtores. Uma tendência no cenário produtivo brasileiro recente é a expansão das culturas de biocombustíveis, notadamente da cana-de-açúcar (etanol) e da soja (biodiesel), sobre ambientes de cerrado. Estas culturas, que juntas cobrem nada menos que 30 milhões de hectares do território brasileiro, demandam padrões contrastantes de fertilização. A cana-de-açúcar exige altas proporções de nitrogênio relativo a fósforo, enquanto que a soja exige altas proporções de fósforo relativo a nitrogênio. Esta dissertação teve como objetivo testar os efeitos diretos e indiretos que as alterações nas quantidades e proporções de N e P que se seguem à conversão de ambientes nativos para o cultivo de cana-de-açúcar e soja têm sobre comunidades biológicas. Estes objetivos foram testados por meio de dois experimentos em mesocosmos aquáticos manipulando nutrientes, algas, girinos e ninfas de libélulas. O primeiro experimento seguiu um delineamento fatorial completo cruzando três concentrações de N (Nreferência, Nsoja, Ncana) e três concentrações de P (Preferência, Psoja, Pcana), e dois níveis tróficos (algas e girinos de Physalaemus cuvieri). Níveis de nutrientes manipulados simularam condições medidas em corpos d´água de cerrado, ou padrões de fertilização conhecidos para culturas de cana-de-açúcar e de soja. No segundo experimento pareamos essas concentrações (Nreferência Preferência, Nsoja, Psoja, Ncana Pcana) de forma a reduzir a dimensionalidade do experimento e assim permitir a inclusão de um terceiro nível trófico (algas, girinos de Hypsiboas faber e ninfas de libélulas). Incluímos ainda um tratamento no qual as ninfas de libélulas estiveram engaioladas para separar os efeitos da predação de girinos, dos efeitos da alteração nos seus atributos. As principais variáveis de resposta em ambos experimentos foram concentração de clorofila a como indicadora de biomassa de fitoplâncton, e mortalidade, massa final e estágio de desenvolvimento final de girinos como indicadores de rendimento de consumidores. Uma comparação na concentração de clorofila antes e depois da introdução de girinos procurou testar o efeito da adição de consumidores na biomassa de produtores. Conforme esperado, NT e PT medidos responderam expressivamente à manipulação de N e P. Nas semanas que antecederam a introdução de girinos, a biomassa algal cresceu em resposta ao aumento na concentração do nitrogênio, mas não do fósforo; esta tendência se manteve ao longo dos experimentos. Isso provavelmente ocorreu porque concentrações medidas de NT variaram da oligotrofia à hipertrofia; por sua vez, concentrações medidas de PT estiveram consistentemente em… Advisors/Committee Members: Schiesari, Luís César.

Subjects/Keywords: Cadeia alimentar; Cascata trófica; Ecologia experimental; Ecological stoichiometry; Estequiometria ecológica; Experimental ecology; Fertilizantes; Fertilizers; Food web; Nitrogen; Nitrogênio; Trophic cascade

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Santos, B. G. d. (2013). Efeitos diretos e indiretos de fertilizantes sobre comunidades aquáticas experimentais. (Masters Thesis). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-11102013-123340/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Santos, Bianca Gonçalves dos. “Efeitos diretos e indiretos de fertilizantes sobre comunidades aquáticas experimentais.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of São Paulo. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-11102013-123340/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Santos, Bianca Gonçalves dos. “Efeitos diretos e indiretos de fertilizantes sobre comunidades aquáticas experimentais.” 2013. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Santos BGd. Efeitos diretos e indiretos de fertilizantes sobre comunidades aquáticas experimentais. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-11102013-123340/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Santos BGd. Efeitos diretos e indiretos de fertilizantes sobre comunidades aquáticas experimentais. [Masters Thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2013. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-11102013-123340/ ;

Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte

16. Nobre, Regina Lúcia Guimarães. A tale of two lakes: Fish introduction and the biodiversity of upland Amazonian lakes .

Degree: 2016, Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte

URL: http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/25904

Subjects/Keywords: Trophic cascade; species translocation; community structure; biological invasions; omnivory.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nobre, R. L. G. (2016). A tale of two lakes: Fish introduction and the biodiversity of upland Amazonian lakes . (Masters Thesis). Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte. Retrieved from http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/25904

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nobre, Regina Lúcia Guimarães. “A tale of two lakes: Fish introduction and the biodiversity of upland Amazonian lakes .” 2016. Masters Thesis, Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/25904.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nobre, Regina Lúcia Guimarães. “A tale of two lakes: Fish introduction and the biodiversity of upland Amazonian lakes .” 2016. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Nobre RLG. A tale of two lakes: Fish introduction and the biodiversity of upland Amazonian lakes . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/25904.

Council of Science Editors:

Nobre RLG. A tale of two lakes: Fish introduction and the biodiversity of upland Amazonian lakes . [Masters Thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte; 2016. Available from: http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/25904

Northeastern University

17. Matassa, Catherine Marie. Ecological context shapes the response of consumers to predation risk.

Degree: PhD, Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, 2014, Northeastern University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2047/d20004941

► The fear of predators can alter the foraging behavior of prey and drive trophic cascades. Such nonconsumptive predator effects emerge because prey foraging choices are… (more)

▼ The fear of predators can alter the foraging behavior of prey and drive trophic cascades. Such nonconsumptive predator effects emerge because prey foraging choices are shaped by growth/predation risk trade-offs: increased safety often comes at the cost of reduced feeding and growth. The risk of predation can thus influence the structure and dynamics of ecological communities by determining when, where, and how much prey choose to eat. Moreover, the physiological stress imposed by high predation risk can alter how prey use the energy and nutrients they consume, extending the ecology of fear to ecosystem functions such as nutrient cycling and trophic transfer efficiency. A growing body of theory demonstrates that ecological context shapes how consumers balance growth/predation risk trade-offs, but more empirical work has been necessary to identify the mechanisms that link prey foraging decisions to their community and ecosystem consequences.; The following research uses a rocky intertidal system to test theoretical predictions for how prey should behave under predation risk and the ecological consequences of these behaviors. On rocky shores in New England, green crabs (Carcinus maenas) have positive indirect effects on important foundation species such as barnacles (Semibalanus balanoides) and mussels (Mytilus edulis) by altering the foraging behavior of dogwhelks (Nucella lapillus), voracious intermediate consumers. When exposed to the scent of predatory green crabs, dogwhelks spend more time in refuges and reduce their foraging rates on mussels and barnacles. By manipulating the physiological and environmental conditions experienced by dogwhelks, the laboratory and field experiments presented here demonstrate that the effects of predation risk on communities and ecosystems depend strongly on a variety of biotic and abiotic factors, each of which acts to shift the costs and benefits of foraging. The cascading effects of predators depend on the environmental and physiological conditions of the organisms that connect the tops and bottoms of food chains. Understanding the behavior of intermediate consumers allows us to evaluate the roles that predators play in the structure and dynamics of ecological communities and should serve to inform us of the contexts in which predator introduction or removal may be effective management strategies.

Subjects/Keywords: anti-predator behavior; energy transfer; predation risk; rocky intertidal; trophic cascade; Biology; Marine Biology; Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Matassa, C. M. (2014). Ecological context shapes the response of consumers to predation risk. (Doctoral Dissertation). Northeastern University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2047/d20004941

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Matassa, Catherine Marie. “Ecological context shapes the response of consumers to predation risk.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Northeastern University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2047/d20004941.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Matassa, Catherine Marie. “Ecological context shapes the response of consumers to predation risk.” 2014. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Matassa CM. Ecological context shapes the response of consumers to predation risk. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Northeastern University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2047/d20004941.

Council of Science Editors:

Matassa CM. Ecological context shapes the response of consumers to predation risk. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Northeastern University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2047/d20004941

18. Berta, Josey Lee-Anne. Ecosystem Functional Consequences of Top Predator Mortality Due to the Invasive Shrub, Lonicera maackii.

Degree: MS, Biological Sciences, 2019, Encompass Digital Archive, Eastern Kentucky University

URL: https://encompass.eku.edu/etd/590

► Lonicera maackii (Amur Honeysuckle) is an invasive woody plant species that is present across the United States. Previous studies have assessed the biotic effects… (more)

▼ Lonicera maackii (Amur Honeysuckle) is an invasive woody plant species that is present across the United States. Previous studies have assessed the biotic effects of honeysuckle, as well as abiotic effects such as changes in soil chemistry, ground level light, and forest floor temperature. Although directs effects of L. maackii on native terrestrial plant communities are well studied, little is known about its indirect effects, especially in aquatic ecosystems. Based on limited prior studies, I predicted addition of L. maackii leaves to aquatic systems would increase mortality of a top amphibian predator due to the release of phenolic compounds that inhibit respiration. A mesocosm experiment was developed to characterize the cascading effects of increased top predator (Ambystoma maculatum) mortality on larval salamander growth, macroinvertebrate densities, zooplankton densities, leaf litter mass loss, chlorophyll a abundance, biofilm growth, and availability of soluble nutrients. Of the 20 mesocosms that contained larval A. maculatum, only 11 produced metamorphs, and only one mesocosm with leaf litter from L. maackii produced metamorphs. All 10 mesocosms containing A. maculatum larvae and native leaf litter produced metamorphs. A total of 117 metamorphs were retrieved from all mesocosms, and only three of those 117 were retrieved from mesocosms with leaf litter from L. maackii. Salamander survival and growth rates (mm/day) were significantly lower in mesocosms with L. maackii than in mesocosms with native leaf litter alone. Mesocosms with L. maackii leaf litter also contained substantially more mosquito larvae, suggesting reduced water quality. There was no indication that apex predator mortality in L. maackii mesocosms altered aquatic ecosystem functions. However, increased mass loss occurred in leaf packs containing L. maackii compared to leaf packs containing native leaf litter removed from the same mesocosm, which was not caused by greater invertebrate densities within L. maackii packs. I also found there to be an oily sheen on the water surface of mesocosms containing L. maackii leaf litter, which could hinder gill-breathing by amphibians. Relatively high invertebrate densities and diversity may have served as a buffer for lower trophic levels, such that they were not affected when A. maculatum individuals were eliminated from mesocosms due to exposure to L. maackii phenolic compounds. The results of this study will help complete the overall picture of the possible consequences of biological invasion.

Subjects/Keywords: Ambystoma Maculatum; Apex Predator; Ephemeral Pond; Invasive Plant; Lonicera maackii; Trophic Cascade; Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Berta, J. L. (2019). Ecosystem Functional Consequences of Top Predator Mortality Due to the Invasive Shrub, Lonicera maackii. (Masters Thesis). Encompass Digital Archive, Eastern Kentucky University. Retrieved from https://encompass.eku.edu/etd/590

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Berta, Josey Lee-Anne. “Ecosystem Functional Consequences of Top Predator Mortality Due to the Invasive Shrub, Lonicera maackii.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Encompass Digital Archive, Eastern Kentucky University. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://encompass.eku.edu/etd/590.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Berta, Josey Lee-Anne. “Ecosystem Functional Consequences of Top Predator Mortality Due to the Invasive Shrub, Lonicera maackii.” 2019. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Berta JL. Ecosystem Functional Consequences of Top Predator Mortality Due to the Invasive Shrub, Lonicera maackii. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Encompass Digital Archive, Eastern Kentucky University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://encompass.eku.edu/etd/590.

Council of Science Editors:

Berta JL. Ecosystem Functional Consequences of Top Predator Mortality Due to the Invasive Shrub, Lonicera maackii. [Masters Thesis]. Encompass Digital Archive, Eastern Kentucky University; 2019. Available from: https://encompass.eku.edu/etd/590

Louisiana State University

19. Del Rio, Ross. Neurotoxin in a Louisiana estuary: quantitative analysis of domoic acid in gulf menhaden (Brevoortia patronus) and qualitative modeling of links in a shark nursery.

Degree: MS, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, 2009, Louisiana State University

URL: etd-05202009-112018 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/328

► Harmful algal blooms are an increasing problem for coastal waters world-wide. The diatom genus, Pseudo-nitzschia, is of particular concern in Louisiana, due to the potential… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: ELISA; Vector; Harmful Algal Bloom; Trophic Cascade

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APA (6^th Edition):

Del Rio, R. (2009). Neurotoxin in a Louisiana estuary: quantitative analysis of domoic acid in gulf menhaden (Brevoortia patronus) and qualitative modeling of links in a shark nursery. (Masters Thesis). Louisiana State University. Retrieved from etd-05202009-112018 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/328

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Del Rio, Ross. “Neurotoxin in a Louisiana estuary: quantitative analysis of domoic acid in gulf menhaden (Brevoortia patronus) and qualitative modeling of links in a shark nursery.” 2009. Masters Thesis, Louisiana State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. etd-05202009-112018 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/328.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Del Rio, Ross. “Neurotoxin in a Louisiana estuary: quantitative analysis of domoic acid in gulf menhaden (Brevoortia patronus) and qualitative modeling of links in a shark nursery.” 2009. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Del Rio R. Neurotoxin in a Louisiana estuary: quantitative analysis of domoic acid in gulf menhaden (Brevoortia patronus) and qualitative modeling of links in a shark nursery. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Louisiana State University; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: etd-05202009-112018 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/328.

Council of Science Editors:

Del Rio R. Neurotoxin in a Louisiana estuary: quantitative analysis of domoic acid in gulf menhaden (Brevoortia patronus) and qualitative modeling of links in a shark nursery. [Masters Thesis]. Louisiana State University; 2009. Available from: etd-05202009-112018 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/328

University of South Carolina

20. Toscano, Benjamin J. EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL PHENOTYPIC VARIATION ON PREDATOR-PREY RELATIONSHIPS OF XANTHID CRABS IN NORTH INLET ESTUARY, SOUTH CAROLINA.

Degree: PhD, Biological Sciences, 2014, University of South Carolina

URL: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/2901

► Ecological communities and the biological interactions that regulate community structure are notoriously complex. To make these systems more tractable, ecologists traditionally measure and model… (more)

▼ Ecological communities and the biological interactions that regulate community structure are notoriously complex. To make these systems more tractable, ecologists traditionally measure and model communities at the population level, treating individuals as functionally equivalent. While this approach has yielded tremendous insight into the factors governing communities, it remains unclear whether accounting for individual-level variation could improve our capacity to predict the responses of communities to perturbation, a major goal in the midst of unprecedented rates of environmental change. The objective of this study was to examine the magnitude of individual-level phenotypic variation in predatory crabs (family Xanthidae), and the effects of this variation on crab trophic behavior and the strength of their interactions with bivalve prey in oyster reef communities. Specifically, I measured individual variation in crab body size, behavioral traits and parasite infection. A main aspect of this work was testing how each of these factors affected the crab functional response, i.e. the per capita rate of prey consumption depending on prey density. This response is important in scaling up prey consumption rates to the population level, and to larger spatial scales. I also explored how oyster reef habitat structure and threat from toadfish, a predator of crabs, can mediate the ecological effects of crab phenotype. The results of this work support the importance of individual-level variation for species interactions that influence the structure of reef communities. The body size distribution of crabs, which is in part dependent on the presence of structurally complex reef habitat, determined their top-down effects on the bivalve prey community. Furthermore, individual behavioral traits scaled with crab body size and were consistent over time in the field. Individual crab behavior also varied independently of crab body size, but could not be predicted by individual metabolic rate. Individual-level variation in crab body size, behavioral traits and parasite infection all influenced the crab functional response to bivalve prey density in different ways. This work provides a general pathway (modification of the functional response) by which the effects of individual phenotypes can scale up to influence predator-prey population dynamics. Advisors/Committee Members: Blaine D. Griffen.

Subjects/Keywords: Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology; Life Sciences; Functional response; Individual variation; Oyster reef; Personality; Predation; Trophic cascade

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APA (6^th Edition):

Toscano, B. J. (2014). EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL PHENOTYPIC VARIATION ON PREDATOR-PREY RELATIONSHIPS OF XANTHID CRABS IN NORTH INLET ESTUARY, SOUTH CAROLINA. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of South Carolina. Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/2901

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Toscano, Benjamin J. “EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL PHENOTYPIC VARIATION ON PREDATOR-PREY RELATIONSHIPS OF XANTHID CRABS IN NORTH INLET ESTUARY, SOUTH CAROLINA.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of South Carolina. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/2901.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Toscano, Benjamin J. “EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL PHENOTYPIC VARIATION ON PREDATOR-PREY RELATIONSHIPS OF XANTHID CRABS IN NORTH INLET ESTUARY, SOUTH CAROLINA.” 2014. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Toscano BJ. EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL PHENOTYPIC VARIATION ON PREDATOR-PREY RELATIONSHIPS OF XANTHID CRABS IN NORTH INLET ESTUARY, SOUTH CAROLINA. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of South Carolina; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/2901.

Council of Science Editors:

Toscano BJ. EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL PHENOTYPIC VARIATION ON PREDATOR-PREY RELATIONSHIPS OF XANTHID CRABS IN NORTH INLET ESTUARY, SOUTH CAROLINA. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of South Carolina; 2014. Available from: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/2901

University of Georgia

21. Sterrett, Sean Christopher. Nutrient dynamics and ecological roles of freshwater turtles.

Degree: 2014, University of Georgia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/30641

► Nutrient cycling is necessary for the support of ecosystem processes and services. Animals are influential in the storage and transformation of critical nutrients, yet many… (more)

▼ Nutrient cycling is necessary for the support of ecosystem processes and services. Animals are influential in the storage and transformation of critical nutrients, yet many populations are impacted by a suite of human related activities, including unsustainable harvest. Turtles are a globally imperiled taxa with half of all known species threatened, yet little is known about their influences on ecosystems. Turtles are unique in morphology, physiology, life history and ecology, which suggest that they impact ecosystems in unconventional ways. This dissertation explores the ecological stoichiometry, nutrient dynamics and ecological roles of freshwater turtles using field-collected and experimental research. Research was conducted on four common North American species in three rivers and one collection of ponds in the southeastern USA. The nutrient content of 33 individuals across four focal species indicated that a turtle's skeleton composed 27.5% of total fresh mass and the shell alone composed 93% of turtle skeletal mass. Due to the high Phosphorus (P) content of bone, whole body nutrient content of turtles is the most extreme of any measured organism (%Nitrogen (N):P =1.04). Because bone has such a slow turnover time, this research suggests that adult turtles are in low demand of P, such that their recycling is proportional to their biomass. These results challenge conventional thinking in ecological stoichiometry on nutrient limitation. Turtle standing crop biomass and nutrients are comparable with estimates of other aquatic taxa, but higher in P per unit of biomass. Further, mass-specific excretion rates of N and P were similar or exceeded estimates of salamanders and fishes. Results from a mesososm experiment suggest that carnivorous juvenile turtles reduce detritivorous macroinvertebrates, thereby reducing invertebrate feeding on nutrient rich leaves. Therefore, juvenile turtles indirectly shift leaf litter nutrient content. These results highlight the complexity of direct and indirect consumer effects on ecosystem processes. Based on our field and experimental results, we would expect juvenile and adult turtles to have contrasting effects on top down and bottom up effects in aquatic ecosystems. Turtles can occur in high abundance in many freshwater ecosystems, making their conservation potentially important in the storage and recycling of nutrients.

Subjects/Keywords: Bony Skeleton; Carbon, Chelonian; Consumer-mediated Nutrient Recycling; Detritus; Ecological Stoichiometry; Freshwater ecosystem; Mesocosm; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Reptile; Trophic Cascade

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sterrett, S. C. (2014). Nutrient dynamics and ecological roles of freshwater turtles. (Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10724/30641

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sterrett, Sean Christopher. “Nutrient dynamics and ecological roles of freshwater turtles.” 2014. Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10724/30641.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sterrett, Sean Christopher. “Nutrient dynamics and ecological roles of freshwater turtles.” 2014. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Sterrett SC. Nutrient dynamics and ecological roles of freshwater turtles. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/30641.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sterrett SC. Nutrient dynamics and ecological roles of freshwater turtles. [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/30641

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

22. Claudia Machado de Andrade. Processamento foliar em um córrego de mata atlântica: o papel dos invertbrados aquáticos e o uso de diferentes metodologias .

Degree: Master, 2015, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

URL: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10274 ;

►

O papel que macroconsumidores e insetos aquáticos desempenham no processamento foliar em riachos tropicais tem sido discutido. Em riachos tropicais os macroconsumidores podem diretamente aumentar… (more)

▼

O papel que macroconsumidores e insetos aquáticos desempenham no processamento foliar em riachos tropicais tem sido discutido. Em riachos tropicais os macroconsumidores podem diretamente aumentar a taxa processamento foliar (k) através de consumo e bioturbação. Contudo eles também podem diminuir essa taxa por indiretamente ao diminuir a colonização de folhas por insetos aquáticos. Algumas metodologias de exclusão de fauna têm sido utilizadas para avaliar o papel desses animais no processamento de folhas. Para testar o papel da fauna no processamento foliar e o efeito de diferentes metodologias, nós montamos dois experimentos entre os meses de Abril e Agosto de 2013 no Córrego da Andorinha, um riacho de terceira ordem localizado na Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro. Nós utilizamos folhas de duas espécies de plantas comuns na nossa área de estudo e com diferente grau de dureza: Erythroxylum pulchrum (mais dura) e Miconia prasina. No primeiro experimento a presença da fauna foi manipulada por exclusão elétrica. No tratamento controle (sem eletrificação) tanto camarões quanto insetos tinham acesso às folhas, no tratamento com baixa intensidade de choque apenas os camarões foram excluídos e no com alta intensidade tanto camarões quanto insetos com tamanho maior que 5 mm foram excluídos. No segundo experimento, a presença da fauna foi manipulada por exclusão elétrica ou por sacos com diferentes tamanhos de malhas. Os tratamentos de exclusão elétrica foram os mesmos do primeiro experimento. Já os tratamentos de malhas foram: malha de 12 mm - sem exclusão da fauna; 2 mm - exclusão dos camarões; e 0,2 mm - exclusão tanto de camarões quanto de insetos aquáticos. Na cerca elétrica a espécie Erythroxylum apresentou uma taxa de processamento significativamente maior no tratamento com choque fraco, onde apenas os camarões foram excluídos (k= 0,016 0,001 dia-1), já na metodologia de sacos a sua maior taxa de processamento foi encontrada no saco com malha de 12mm (0,008 0,001 dia-1), onde encontramos um elevada abundância do camarão Potimirim brasiliana, que pode ter influenciado positivamente na taxa de processamento devido à bioturbação. Em relação às folhas de Miconia, as taxas de processamento não diferiram entre os tratamentos tanto na metodologia de cercas elétricas (F2,43=1,69, p=1,95) quanto de sacos (F2,44=2,18, p=0,124). Entretanto, ambas as espécies apresentaram menores taxas de processamento nos sacos, mostrando que a metodologia pode influenciar os resultados do processamento de folhas em relação à exclusão da fauna. Nossos resultados também evidenciam que o camarão onívoro Macrobrachium olfersi exerce um forte efeito negativo sobre a atividade de insetos aquáticos e controla indiretamente o processamento foliar, via cascata trófica, ao regular a abundância e atividade dos insetos aquáticos, que atuam diretamente nesse processamento

The role of macroconsumers and aquatic insects play in the leaf processing in tropical rivers has been discussed. In some tropical streams macroconsumers can directly increase the leaf…

Advisors/Committee Members: Timothy Peter Moulton, Gisele Lôbo Hajdu, Daniel Forsin Buss, Adriano Caliman Ferreira da Silva, Aliny Patrícia Flausino Pires.

Subjects/Keywords: Macroconsumidores; insetos aquáticos; exclusão elétrica; exclusão por sacos de folhas; cascata trófica; Macroconsumers; aquatic insects; electric exclusion; litter bags exclusion; trophic cascade; ECOLOGIA DE ECOSSISTEMAS

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APA (6^th Edition):

Andrade, C. M. d. (2015). Processamento foliar em um córrego de mata atlântica: o papel dos invertbrados aquáticos e o uso de diferentes metodologias . (Masters Thesis). Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Retrieved from http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10274 ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Andrade, Claudia Machado de. “Processamento foliar em um córrego de mata atlântica: o papel dos invertbrados aquáticos e o uso de diferentes metodologias .” 2015. Masters Thesis, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10274 ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Andrade, Claudia Machado de. “Processamento foliar em um córrego de mata atlântica: o papel dos invertbrados aquáticos e o uso de diferentes metodologias .” 2015. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Andrade CMd. Processamento foliar em um córrego de mata atlântica: o papel dos invertbrados aquáticos e o uso de diferentes metodologias . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10274 ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Andrade CMd. Processamento foliar em um córrego de mata atlântica: o papel dos invertbrados aquáticos e o uso de diferentes metodologias . [Masters Thesis]. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; 2015. Available from: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10274 ;

Penn State University

23. Tzilkowski, Caleb J. Native brook trout and naturalized brown trout effects on two Pennsylvania headwater stream food chains.

Degree: 2008, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6857

► Introduced trout have had direct and indirect effects on native fishes, amphibians, and invertebrates that have in some cases, induced detrimental community- and ecosystem-level effects.… (more)

▼ Introduced trout have had direct and indirect effects on native fishes, amphibians, and invertebrates that have in some cases, induced detrimental community- and ecosystem-level effects. Recently, some North American agencies have invested substantial time, effort, and resources to eradicate exotic salmonids due to their documented or presumed negative effects on native species. Naturalized Brown Trout Salmo trutta populations have been established by historical and ongoing intentional introductions throughout Pennsylvania. Beyond potentially displacing Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis, it was unknown if naturalized Brown Trout detrimentally affect other Pennsylvania aquatic organisms and receiving food chains prior to this study. Sympatric Brook and Brown Trout effects on benthic food chains were compared in two Pennsylvania headwater streams (Lingle Run and Tomtit Run) during 2003 and 2004 summers with enclosure experiments and analysis of ambient trout stomach contents. Brook and Brown Trout effects on densities of two predaceous insect families (Cordulegastridae; Rhyachophilidae) were marginally different in experimental enclosures as inferred with a predator impact index: the remaining 26 benthic families responded similarly between the trout species. Furthermore, analysis of captured Brook and Brown Trout stomach contents suggested that Brown Trout had modest effects on ambient headwater communities relative to the sympatric Brook Trout populations. Brook and Brown Trout were top-level keystone species that caused similar precipitous changes in experimental channel food chains in both streams. Most previous stream predator studies reported predator effects on tri-level food chains with algae as a basal resource: predators in these studies usually indirectly increased algal biomass by suppressing herbivore abundance or feeding activities. Trout effects on Lingle and Tomtit Run food chains were different than those reported from other stream predator studies, possibly because these food chains were characterized by five trophic levels and driven by allochthonous inputs. Results of this study suggested that trout can have strong negative effects on tertiary consumers (e.g., crayfish Cambarus bartonii, northern two-lined salamander Eurycea bislineata) that indirectly increase predaceous insect abundance and/or biomass. Unexpectedly, the increase of predaceous insects did not suppress primary consumer abundances; conversely, detritivorous and herbivorous insects were more abundant in trout treatments than in controls. These results suggested that primary consumers responded more positively to the lack of tertiary consumers as compared to any negative response to comparatively abundant predaceous insects. Primary consumers were more abundant in trout treatments in both streams, and in one stream (Lingle Run), abundant detritivores increased leaf processing rates relative to controls: all other published studies regarding predatory fish in streams have reported the opposite effect of increased algae or… Advisors/Committee Members: Jay Richard Stauffer Jr., Committee Chair/Co-Chair, C Paola Ferreri, Committee Member, Hunter J Carrick, Committee Member, Eric S Post, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: food chains; indigenous species; introduced species; streams; predator-prey interactions; trophic cascade

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tzilkowski, C. J. (2008). Native brook trout and naturalized brown trout effects on two Pennsylvania headwater stream food chains. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6857

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tzilkowski, Caleb J. “Native brook trout and naturalized brown trout effects on two Pennsylvania headwater stream food chains.” 2008. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6857.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tzilkowski, Caleb J. “Native brook trout and naturalized brown trout effects on two Pennsylvania headwater stream food chains.” 2008. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Tzilkowski CJ. Native brook trout and naturalized brown trout effects on two Pennsylvania headwater stream food chains. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2008. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6857.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Tzilkowski CJ. Native brook trout and naturalized brown trout effects on two Pennsylvania headwater stream food chains. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2008. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6857

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oregon State University

24. Motley, Jennifer. Local and Regional Patterns in Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) Communities Along an Upwelling-Productivity Gradient in Oregon Estuaries, USA.

Degree: MS, 2017, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/61713

► In this thesis, I investigate the organization of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) and mesograzer communities across local and regional scales in three upwelling- influenced estuaries… (more)

▼ In this thesis, I investigate the organization of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) and mesograzer communities across local and regional scales in three upwelling- influenced estuaries located along the Oregon coast, USA. Eelgrass ecosystems are an important source of primary production in estuarine systems, providing numerous ecosystem services, including nursery habitat for commercial fish, water quality improvement, and sediment stabilization. Community structure in eelgrass systems, i.e., the diversity, abundance, and composition of primary and secondary consumers, is influenced by a combination of local to regional scale variability in environmental and biotic factors. Thus, an important consideration in the management of these systems is to understand the organization of community structure across spatiotemporal scale and the implications for top-down (consumer) versus bottom-up (resource) control. In upwelling-influenced estuaries of the Pacific Northwest coast of the United States, eelgrass systems are exposed to latitudinal variability in oceanographic inputs, but the degree to which these regional effects versus local effects organize eelgrass community structure is poorly understood. Here I investigate the relationship between primary producers (eelgrass, ulvoid macroalgae, and epiphytes), epifauna mesograzers, and fish predators within and across three estuaries located on the Oregon Coast, USA (Netarts Bay, Yaquina Bay, and Coos Bay). Specifically, I asked: 1) What is the relative importance of local (within estuary) versus regional (across estuaries) scale patterns to eelgrass community structure (i.e., primary producers, epifaunal mesograzers, and fishes) in upwelling-influenced estuaries in Oregon?, 2) What is the potential role of regional oceanography versus trophic interactions in regulating eelgrass community structure, and is this dependent on spatial scale?, and 3) What are the management implications for eelgrass communities when regional and local scales are considered? I found that while local effects were important, regional (estuary) scale patterns strongly influenced community structure in eelgrass communities, providing support that regional oceanographic bottom-up forcing dominates eelgrass communities. Additionally, I found evidence for top-down control by the opisthobranch Phyllaplysia taylori on primary producers at one site within Netarts Bay. I suggest that eelgrass beds in these estuaries are mostly bottom-up systems, and further investigations should focus on quantifying the mechanistic relationship between mesograzers and primary producers at local to regional scales. Advisors/Committee Members: Tomas Nash, Fiona (advisor), Dewitt, Ted (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: seagrass; ulvoid macroalgae; epiphytes; epifaunal mesograzer; fish; trophic cascade; top-down; bottom-up; context-dependent; Phyllaplysia taylori; California Current System; Netarts Bay; Yaquina Bay; Coos Bay; Oregon; Pacific Northwest coast

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Motley, J. (2017). Local and Regional Patterns in Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) Communities Along an Upwelling-Productivity Gradient in Oregon Estuaries, USA. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/61713

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Motley, Jennifer. “Local and Regional Patterns in Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) Communities Along an Upwelling-Productivity Gradient in Oregon Estuaries, USA.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/61713.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Motley, Jennifer. “Local and Regional Patterns in Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) Communities Along an Upwelling-Productivity Gradient in Oregon Estuaries, USA.” 2017. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Motley J. Local and Regional Patterns in Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) Communities Along an Upwelling-Productivity Gradient in Oregon Estuaries, USA. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/61713.

Council of Science Editors:

Motley J. Local and Regional Patterns in Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) Communities Along an Upwelling-Productivity Gradient in Oregon Estuaries, USA. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/61713

University of Connecticut

25. Floyd, Megan A. Trophic Cascade Effects of Deer Overabundance on Connecticut's Native Vegetation and Small Mammal Populations.

Degree: MS, Natural Resources, 2014, University of Connecticut

URL: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/647

Subjects/Keywords: trophic cascade theory; Lyme disease; white-tailed deer; blacklegged ticks; white-footed mice

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APA (6^th Edition):

Floyd, M. A. (2014). Trophic Cascade Effects of Deer Overabundance on Connecticut's Native Vegetation and Small Mammal Populations. (Masters Thesis). University of Connecticut. Retrieved from https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/647

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Floyd, Megan A. “Trophic Cascade Effects of Deer Overabundance on Connecticut's Native Vegetation and Small Mammal Populations.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Connecticut. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/647.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Floyd, Megan A. “Trophic Cascade Effects of Deer Overabundance on Connecticut's Native Vegetation and Small Mammal Populations.” 2014. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Floyd MA. Trophic Cascade Effects of Deer Overabundance on Connecticut's Native Vegetation and Small Mammal Populations. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Connecticut; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/647.

Council of Science Editors:

Floyd MA. Trophic Cascade Effects of Deer Overabundance on Connecticut's Native Vegetation and Small Mammal Populations. [Masters Thesis]. University of Connecticut; 2014. Available from: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/647

University of Victoria

26. Suraci, Justin. Fear in wildlife food webs: large carnivore predation risk mediates the impacts of a mammalian mesopredator.

Degree: Department of Biology, 2016, University of Victoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7198

► Mounting evidence suggests that large carnivores regulate the abundance and diversity of species at multiple trophic levels through cascading top-down effects. The fear large carnivores… (more)

▼ Mounting evidence suggests that large carnivores regulate the abundance and diversity of species at multiple trophic levels through cascading top-down effects. The fear large carnivores inspire in their prey may be a critical component of these top-down effects, buffering lower trophic levels from overconsumption by suppressing large herbivore and mesopredator foraging. However, the evidence that the fear of large carnivores cascades through food webs has been repeatedly challenged because it remains experimentally untested. My collaborators and I exploited a natural experiment – the presence or absence of mesopredator raccoons (Procyon lotor) on islands in the Gulf Islands of British Columbia, Canada – to examine the breadth of mesopredator impacts in a system from which all native large carnivores have been extirpated. By comparing prey abundance on islands with and without raccoons, we found significant negative effects of raccoon presence on terrestrial (songbirds and corvids), intertidal (crabs and fish) and shallow subtidal (red rock crabs Cancer productus) prey, demonstrating that, in the absence of native large carnivores, mesopredator impacts on islands can extend across ecosystem boundaries to affect both terrestrial and marine communities. To test whether fear of large carnivores can mitigate these community-level impacts of mesopredators, we experimentally manipulated fear in free-living raccoon populations using month-long playbacks of large carnivore vocalizations and monitored the effects on raccoon behaviour and the intertidal community. Fear of large carnivores reduced raccoon foraging to the benefit of the raccoon’s prey, which in turn affected a competitor and prey of the raccoon’s prey. By experimentally restoring the fear of large carnivores in our study system, we succeeded in reversing the impacts of raccoons, reinforcing the need to protect large carnivores given the conservation benefits the fear of them provides. Our experimental work demonstrated that fine-scale behavioural changes in prey in response to predation risk can have community-level effects relevant to biodiversity conservation. However, experimentally testing animal responses to predators and other sources of risk in free-living wildlife presents considerable logistical challenges. To address these challenges, my collaborators and I developed an Automated Behavioural Response system, which integrates playback experiments into camera trap studies, allowing researchers to collect experimental data from wildlife populations without requiring the presence of an observer. Here I describe tests of this system in Uganda, Canada and the USA, and discuss novel research opportunities in ecology and conservation biology made available by this new technology. Advisors/Committee Members: Clinchy, Michael (supervisor), Anholt, Bradley (supervisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Trophic cascade; Wildlife ecology; Animal behaviour; Food web; Raccoon; Procyon lotor; Gulf Islands; Intertidal ecology; Conservation biology; Remote monitoring; Camera trap; Apex predator

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APA (6^th Edition):

Suraci, J. (2016). Fear in wildlife food webs: large carnivore predation risk mediates the impacts of a mammalian mesopredator. (Thesis). University of Victoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7198

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Suraci, Justin. “Fear in wildlife food webs: large carnivore predation risk mediates the impacts of a mammalian mesopredator.” 2016. Thesis, University of Victoria. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7198.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Suraci, Justin. “Fear in wildlife food webs: large carnivore predation risk mediates the impacts of a mammalian mesopredator.” 2016. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Suraci J. Fear in wildlife food webs: large carnivore predation risk mediates the impacts of a mammalian mesopredator. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Victoria; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7198.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Suraci J. Fear in wildlife food webs: large carnivore predation risk mediates the impacts of a mammalian mesopredator. [Thesis]. University of Victoria; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7198

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Notre Dame

27. David Gary Flagel. Trophic Cascades with Mammals in a Northern Great Lakes Forest</h1>.

Degree: Biological Sciences, 2014, University of Notre Dame

URL: https://curate.nd.edu/show/rf55z60661s

► The influence of top-down effects is a subject of great interest to community ecology. However, little work has been done to experimentally test trophic… (more)

▼ The influence of top-down effects is a subject of great interest to community ecology. However, little work has been done to experimentally test trophic cascade hypotheses in regards to large, terrestrial predators. I investigated whether a large mammalian predator affects forest community structure and diversity. I asked: 1) How do predators affect plants through changes in prey density/behavior?, 2) How do predators affect nonadjacent plant/animal communities through changes in the density/behavior of their competitors?, and 3) How do these changes affect soil nutrients? I performed natural and manipulative tests in a northern mesic forest mosaic from 2008-2013. Twelve permanent sites were established in forest patches scattered throughout high- and low- wolf use areas (six each). I manipulated deer access, hare access, and rodent access with exclosures at each site. I measured sapling height, forb diversity, seedling abundance (rodent exclosures only), deer behavior, hare herbivory, rodent abundance, and soil nitrogen levels at these sites. I also surveyed mammalian carnivore distributions throughout the forest. My research suggests wolves play a significant role in determining community structure in this forest. Deer and coyote use were significantly lower in high- compared to low-wolf use areas. Foxes meanwhile used high-wolf use areas almost exclusively. Snowshoe hare browsed high-wolf use sites more intensely, whereas deer mice abundances were significantly lower in high-wolf use. Wolf-deer interactions appeared to generate a cascade. Deer had no significant impacts on plants in high-wolf use areas based on exclosure results. Maple saplings were less browsed and significantly taller in high-wolf use areas, and forb species richness was greater. Meanwhile we did not observe evidence for significant hare or rodent impacts on maple growth regardless of wolf use, suggesting no cascading effects. We also monitored soil nitrogen levels to see if wolf-deer interactions would produce food web effects on ecosystem-level processes. Neither deer nor wolves had an effect on soil nitrogen, suggesting food web effects will not cascade to soil nutrients. Taken together, this research suggests that mammalian top predators can have significant effects on other mammalian consumers and plants, but that this does not affect soil nutrients. Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Walter Carson, Committee Member, Dr. Jason McLachlan, Committee Member, Dr. Timothy Van Deelen, Committee Member, Dr. Elizabeth Archie, Committee Member, Dr. Gary Belovsky, Committee Chair.

Subjects/Keywords: deer mice; competition; recruitment; species richness; coyotes; rodents; community ecology; forest; herbivory; deer; foxes; maples; granivory; forbs; wolves; regeneration; predation; soil; nitrogen; wildflowers; Peromyscus; trophic cascade; mammals; intraguild; ecosystem ecology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Flagel, D. G. (2014). Trophic Cascades with Mammals in a Northern Great Lakes Forest</h1>. (Thesis). University of Notre Dame. Retrieved from https://curate.nd.edu/show/rf55z60661s

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Flagel, David Gary. “Trophic Cascades with Mammals in a Northern Great Lakes Forest</h1>.” 2014. Thesis, University of Notre Dame. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://curate.nd.edu/show/rf55z60661s.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Flagel, David Gary. “Trophic Cascades with Mammals in a Northern Great Lakes Forest</h1>.” 2014. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Flagel DG. Trophic Cascades with Mammals in a Northern Great Lakes Forest</h1>. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Notre Dame; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://curate.nd.edu/show/rf55z60661s.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Flagel DG. Trophic Cascades with Mammals in a Northern Great Lakes Forest</h1>. [Thesis]. University of Notre Dame; 2014. Available from: https://curate.nd.edu/show/rf55z60661s

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Louisiana State University

28. Fox, David M. Effects of insectivorous birds on tree growth in the Maurepas Swamp.

Degree: MS, Environmental Sciences, 2006, Louisiana State University

URL: etd-04032006-163030 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/3730

► Coastal forests in Louisiana are in decline due to natural and human caused changes in the hydrology of the region. Baldcypress and water tupelo trees… (more)

▼ Coastal forests in Louisiana are in decline due to natural and human caused changes in the hydrology of the region. Baldcypress and water tupelo trees have been further stressed by caterpillar herbivory in recent decades. Regeneration of water tupelo is crucial for cavity creation for nesting habitat for secondary cavity nesting bird populations. Insectivorous birds have been shown to decrease insect-caused leaf damage on trees in other ecosystems. Two experiments examining effects of insectivorous birds on tree growth were conducted in degraded areas of the Maurepas Swamp in southeastern Louisiana. In the first experiment, nest boxes were added to study plots in degraded swamp in an attempt to increase densities of secondary cavity nesting birds, and to determine if increased insectivorous bird abundance resulted in improved shoot growth of baldcypress saplings. Prothonotary Warblers were the only bird species to utilize nest boxes, nest boxes did not significantly increase densities of Prothonotary Warblers, and insectivorous bird abundance was not correlated with baldcypress shoot growth. In the second experiment, bird exclosures were erected around planted baldcypress and water tupelo seedlings. Leaf damage on trees within bird exclosures and those with an insecticide treatment was not significantly different from controls. Foraging observations of Prothonotary Warblers and Northern Parulas, and video nest monitoring of Prothonotary Warbler nests during caterpillar activity, suggest that birds demonstrate a functional response to baldcypress leafroller caterpillars. Results of video nest monitoring suggested that successful Prothonotary Warbler nests active during baldcypress leafroller activity have the potential to protect 76 grams dry weight of baldcypress foliage. However, birds only foraged on baldcypress taller than 2m, and forest tent caterpillars were only observed to be consumed during the first and final caterpillar instar stages. Planted baldcypress seedlings grew faster than planted water tupelo, and water tupelo seedlings had zero height growth, or died-back four times as frequently as baldcypress. Insectivorous birds provide baldcypress some protection from caterpillar herbivory, but birds may offer little protection to water tupelo, especially trees less than 2m tall.

Subjects/Keywords: archips goyerana; taxodium distichum; protonotaria citrea; malacosoma disstria; trophic cascade; nestboxes; nyssa aquatica

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Fox, D. M. (2006). Effects of insectivorous birds on tree growth in the Maurepas Swamp. (Masters Thesis). Louisiana State University. Retrieved from etd-04032006-163030 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/3730

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fox, David M. “Effects of insectivorous birds on tree growth in the Maurepas Swamp.” 2006. Masters Thesis, Louisiana State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. etd-04032006-163030 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/3730.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fox, David M. “Effects of insectivorous birds on tree growth in the Maurepas Swamp.” 2006. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Fox DM. Effects of insectivorous birds on tree growth in the Maurepas Swamp. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Louisiana State University; 2006. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: etd-04032006-163030 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/3730.

Council of Science Editors:

Fox DM. Effects of insectivorous birds on tree growth in the Maurepas Swamp. [Masters Thesis]. Louisiana State University; 2006. Available from: etd-04032006-163030 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/3730

University of Georgia

29. Cherry, Michael John. White-tailed deer, coyotes, and the ecology of fear in a longleaf pine savanna.

Degree: 2015, University of Georgia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/30894

► Predators can exert powerful influence on their prey, independent of direct killing, by inducing antipredator responses. Coyotes (Canis latrans) have recently achieved abundances capable of… (more)

▼ Predators can exert powerful influence on their prey, independent of direct killing, by inducing antipredator responses. Coyotes (Canis latrans) have recently achieved abundances capable of influencing white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population demography in the southeastern USA, but the effects of antipredator responses have not been reported. I conducted a multifaceted investigation of coyote and white-tailed deer interactions, using population monitoring data, harvest data, and results from controlled experimentation with predator exclosures. This work provided evidence that coyotes can influence white-tailed deer space use and vigilance while foraging, and documented a negative relationship between coyote abundance and body mass of adult female deer during an 11-year period. I compared multiple measures of reproductive success during a 7-year period that encompassed high and low coyote-deer ratios to elucidate the relative contributions of direct predation and predation risk effects to an observed increase on recruitment as measured by fawn-adult female ratios. Fawn survival rates were similar between periods, but the proportion of females with evidence of ovulation increased during the period of low coyote-deer ratios. Increases in ovulation were similar to increases in the proportion of females with evidence of lactation and fawn-adult female ratios. While direct killing by predators greatly influenced survival of fawns during both periods, changes in recruitment resulted from variations in fecundity. I tested hypotheses predicting the consequences of 10 years of predator exclusion on oak (Quercus sp.) recruitment and the density of selected deer forage species. Oaks are an important component of the longleaf pine savannas, and factors influencing their recruitment are of significant importance to the restoration and management of the longleaf pine (Pinus palustrus) ecosystem. Predator exclusion increased oak recruitment and decreased the density of selected deer forage species in a frequently burned longleaf pine savanna. Thus, coyote predation risk can influence white-tailed deer herbivory and thereby potentially affect composition of groundcover and hardwood understory in longleaf pine ecosystems. This study demonstrates that coyotes can have strong predation risk effects on white-tailed deer populations, and ignoring these effects may result in dramatic underestimation of impacts of expanding coyote populations on ecosystems.

Subjects/Keywords: Body mass; coyote; Canis latrans; fecundity; herbivory; longleaf pine; non-consumptive effects; Odocoileus virginianus; predation risk effect; recruitment; trophic cascade; vigilance; white-tailed deer

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Cherry, M. J. (2015). White-tailed deer, coyotes, and the ecology of fear in a longleaf pine savanna. (Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10724/30894

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cherry, Michael John. “White-tailed deer, coyotes, and the ecology of fear in a longleaf pine savanna.” 2015. Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10724/30894.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cherry, Michael John. “White-tailed deer, coyotes, and the ecology of fear in a longleaf pine savanna.” 2015. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Cherry MJ. White-tailed deer, coyotes, and the ecology of fear in a longleaf pine savanna. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/30894.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cherry MJ. White-tailed deer, coyotes, and the ecology of fear in a longleaf pine savanna. [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/30894

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

30. Maria Marcolina Lima Cardoso. Efeitos de peixes zooplanctívoros e onívoros sobre a resposta de comunidades planctônicas à fertilização por nutrientes.

Degree: 2009, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

URL: http://bdtd.bczm.ufrn.br/tedesimplificado//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2667

►

The food chain theory predict that presence of omnivory prevent the trophic cascade and could be a strong stabilizing factor over resource and consumer community… (more)

▼

The food chain theory predict that presence of omnivory prevent the trophic cascade and could be a strong stabilizing factor over resource and consumer community dynamics, and that the nutrient enrichment destabilize populations dynamics. Most of the freshwater tropical reservoirs are eutrophic, and strategies that seek improve the water quality through the control of phytoplankton biomass and nutrient input, become essential for the improvement and preservation of water quality. The aim of this study was test the zooplanktivory (when larvae) and omnivory (when young and adult) effects of Nile Tilapia over the structure and dynamics of plankton communities, in addition or absence of nutrients enrichment. For this, one field experiment was performed with a factorial design 2x3 resulting in six treatments: control, without fish and nutrient (C); with omnivorous fish (O); with zooplanktivorous fish (Z); without fish and with enrichment of nutrients (NP); with omnivorous fish and nutrients (ONP); and, with zooplanktivorous fish and nutrients (ZNP). The two planktivory types reduced the zooplankton biomass and increased the phytoplankton biomass, but the omnivory of filter-feeding fish attenuated the trophic cascade magnitude. The fertilization by nutrients increases the nutrient concentrations in water and the phytoplankton biomass, but the effect on zooplankton is dependent of the trophic structure. In a general way, the effects of the fish and nutrient addition were addictive, but significant interactions among those factors were observed in the answer of some zooplankton groups. The effects of omnivorous fish over the temporal variability of phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass were very variable, the increase or reduce in variability of the plankton depending of the level of nutrients and of the analyzed variable. With base in this study, we conclude that the planktivory type exercised by the fish and the concentrations of nutrients in the water affects the force of pelagic trophic cascades and probably the success of biomanipulation programs for the handling of water quality in lakes and tropical reservoirs

A teoria de cadeias alimentares prevê que a presença de onivoria pode atenuar os efeitos de cascata trófica e estabilizar as populações de autótrofos e herbívoros, as quais são desestabilizadas pela fertilização por nutrientes. Tendo em vista que muitos lagos e reservatórios tropicais encontram-se eutrofizados, estratégias que visem o controle do aporte de nutrientes e a redução da biomassa fitoplanctônica são essenciais para a melhoria da qualidade da água desses ambientes. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da zooplanctivoria e onivoria por uma mesma espécie de peixe (Tilápia do Nilo), que quando larva é zooplanctívora e quando jovem e adulta torna-se filtradora onívora, sobre a estrutura e dinâmica das comunidades planctônicas, na presença e ausência de enriquecimento por nutrientes. Para tanto, foi realizado um experimento com desenho fatorial 2 x 3, resultando em 6 tratamentos: sem…

Advisors/Committee Members: José Luiz Attayde, André Megali Amado, Fernando Luis do Rego Monteiro Starling, Luciana Silva Carneiro.

Subjects/Keywords: Cascata trófica; Biomanipulação; Nutrientes; Mesocosmos; Variabilidade temporal de biomassa; Tilápia do Nilo; ECOLOGIA; Eutrophication; Trophic structure; Food chains; Omnivory; Trophic cascade; Biomanipulation; Nutrient; Mesocosm; Biomass temporal variability; Nile tilapia; Eutrofização; Estrutura trófica; Cadeias alimentares; Onivoria

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cardoso, M. M. L. (2009). Efeitos de peixes zooplanctívoros e onívoros sobre a resposta de comunidades planctônicas à fertilização por nutrientes. (Thesis). Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Retrieved from http://bdtd.bczm.ufrn.br/tedesimplificado//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2667

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cardoso, Maria Marcolina Lima. “Efeitos de peixes zooplanctívoros e onívoros sobre a resposta de comunidades planctônicas à fertilização por nutrientes.” 2009. Thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://bdtd.bczm.ufrn.br/tedesimplificado//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2667.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cardoso, Maria Marcolina Lima. “Efeitos de peixes zooplanctívoros e onívoros sobre a resposta de comunidades planctônicas à fertilização por nutrientes.” 2009. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Cardoso MML. Efeitos de peixes zooplanctívoros e onívoros sobre a resposta de comunidades planctônicas à fertilização por nutrientes. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://bdtd.bczm.ufrn.br/tedesimplificado//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2667.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cardoso MML. Efeitos de peixes zooplanctívoros e onívoros sobre a resposta de comunidades planctônicas à fertilização por nutrientes. [Thesis]. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; 2009. Available from: http://bdtd.bczm.ufrn.br/tedesimplificado//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2667

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations