You searched for subject:(supercritical fluid).
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University of Guelph
1.
Rosenthal, Angelique.
The Safe Design of a Continuous Supercritical Fluid Extraction System for the Treatment of Drill Cuttings.
Degree: Master of Applied Science, School of Engineering, 2012, University of Guelph
URL: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/3373 
► The objective of this research was to design a pilot scale continuous supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) system for the treatment of drill cuttings.The design includes:…
(more)
▼ The objective of this research was to design a pilot scale continuous
supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) system for the treatment of drill cuttings.The design includes: • A Piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) • A control philosophy • An operation manual, and • A HAZOP analysis The pilot scale SFE system was designed using a HAZOP-inspired framework, which resulted in the inclusion of risk reducing measures. This design approach was appropriate for the design of a novel technology, as risk reduction was made the inherent priority throughout the process. No major changes were made to the design during the professionally conducted safety analysis (HAZOP), thus the design is considered to be well positioned to operate safely. Recommended, non-critical future design improvements include: • Separation of the process control from the safety control systems • Continuous reduction of “human factors”, and • Review of all changes to the design before implementation
Advisors/Committee Members: Stiver, Warren (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: supercritical fluid; supercritical fluid extraction; drill cuttings
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APA (6th Edition):
Rosenthal, A. (2012). The Safe Design of a Continuous Supercritical Fluid Extraction System for the Treatment of Drill Cuttings. (Masters Thesis). University of Guelph. Retrieved from https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/3373
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rosenthal, Angelique. “The Safe Design of a Continuous Supercritical Fluid Extraction System for the Treatment of Drill Cuttings.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Guelph. Accessed March 05, 2021.
https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/3373.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rosenthal, Angelique. “The Safe Design of a Continuous Supercritical Fluid Extraction System for the Treatment of Drill Cuttings.” 2012. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Rosenthal A. The Safe Design of a Continuous Supercritical Fluid Extraction System for the Treatment of Drill Cuttings. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Guelph; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/3373.
Council of Science Editors:
Rosenthal A. The Safe Design of a Continuous Supercritical Fluid Extraction System for the Treatment of Drill Cuttings. [Masters Thesis]. University of Guelph; 2012. Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/3373
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
2.
Lin, Candy Sze Man.
Production of high-value added products using supercritical fluid technologies.
Degree: 2012, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
URL: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-7476
;
https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1165707
;
http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-7476/1/th_redirect.html
► The purpose of this study is to better understand the use of carbon dioxide (CO2) supercritical fluid based separation or fabrication techniques to produce high-quality,…
(more)
▼ The purpose of this study is to better understand the use of carbon dioxide (CO2) supercritical fluid based separation or fabrication techniques to produce high-quality, high-value added materials, particularly from a solubility perspective. Supercritical fluid is environmentally friendly as compared with organic solvents and possesses properties such as liquid-like densities and high diffusivities that are favorable to various processing operations. In such an operation, the raw materials are processed to yield special properties and improved product attributes to benefit the eventual application. However, due to the different roles that a supercritical fluid takes in different processes, a thorough understanding of the physicochemical phenomena to utilize it properly in each process is essential to obtain a successful product. Indeed, the successful development and design of each technique requires detailed phase behavioral information of the components involved and understanding of the process mechanisms. In this research, we highlight the potentials of supercritical fluid technologies for the production of high-value added materials by developing methods involving chromatography, crystallization, extraction and reaction. Four different processes were investigated to address the issues involved in developing the separation and fabrication processes that can lead to the output of targeted quality products. The first project demonstrates the course of developing a separation process by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) that can simultaneously separate high purity single enantiomers of (-)Tröger’s Base 99.19% and (+)Tröger’s Base 98.82% from a racemic mixture. Supercritical CO2 is used as the mobile phase and slight changes in the fluid dynamics would alter separation quality. Solubility parameter calculations and the ternary phase diagram of the system, assist in developing a base case scenario that can be used as a starting point for the separation. An iterative parameter optimization approach then follows to guide decision making to achieve separation performance target. This procedure relies on two causal tables, a constructed compilation of own experiments and those obtained from the literature, that summarizes the qualitative relationship between chromatographic characteristics and separation performance and those between chromatographic characteristics and operating parameters. The second process focuses on obtaining nanoparticles with narrow particle size distributions for the development of a more effective pharmaceutical formulation. The particle formation process by precipitation through compressed anti-solvent (PCA) technique was carried out on salicylic acid as the model drug, ethanol and acetone as the cosolvent, and supercritical CO2 as the anti-solvent. Solubility determination by experiments, and visualization of phase diagrams facilitated the identification of the regions for operation and to effectively precipitate small and uniform particles. It was discovered that particles in the…
Subjects/Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography
; Supercritical fluid extraction
; Supercritical fluids
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APA (6th Edition):
Lin, C. S. M. (2012). Production of high-value added products using supercritical fluid technologies. (Thesis). Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-7476 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1165707 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-7476/1/th_redirect.html
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lin, Candy Sze Man. “Production of high-value added products using supercritical fluid technologies.” 2012. Thesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Accessed March 05, 2021.
http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-7476 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1165707 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-7476/1/th_redirect.html.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lin, Candy Sze Man. “Production of high-value added products using supercritical fluid technologies.” 2012. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Lin CSM. Production of high-value added products using supercritical fluid technologies. [Internet] [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-7476 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1165707 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-7476/1/th_redirect.html.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Lin CSM. Production of high-value added products using supercritical fluid technologies. [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 2012. Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-7476 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1165707 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-7476/1/th_redirect.html
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
NSYSU
3.
Chang, Kuan-chang.
Growth of ZnO Nanotubes by CO2 Supercritical Fluid Treatment at Low-Temperature.
Degree: Master, Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, 2009, NSYSU
URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0831109-113132
► A low-temperature method, supercritical CO2 fluid (SCCF) technology, was applied for oxidation of metal Zn film on glass substrate at 60°C. In this study, Zn…
(more)
▼ A low-temperature method,
supercritical CO2
fluid (SCCF) technology, was applied for oxidation of metal Zn film on glass substrate at 60°C. In this study, Zn film was deposited by DC sputtering at room temperature and post-treated by SCCF, which is mixed with 0.15 vol % H2O. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) indicate that high density ZnO Nanotubes were formed on the glass substrate. SCCF technology has shown successful oxidation the Zinc at low temperature for the first time.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tzung-Ming Tsai (chair), Jian-Shiang Jau (chair), Tai-Fa Yang (committee member), De-Shin Gan (chair).
Subjects/Keywords: ZnO; Nanotubes; CO2; Supercritical Fluid
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APA (6th Edition):
Chang, K. (2009). Growth of ZnO Nanotubes by CO2 Supercritical Fluid Treatment at Low-Temperature. (Thesis). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0831109-113132
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chang, Kuan-chang. “Growth of ZnO Nanotubes by CO2 Supercritical Fluid Treatment at Low-Temperature.” 2009. Thesis, NSYSU. Accessed March 05, 2021.
http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0831109-113132.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chang, Kuan-chang. “Growth of ZnO Nanotubes by CO2 Supercritical Fluid Treatment at Low-Temperature.” 2009. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Chang K. Growth of ZnO Nanotubes by CO2 Supercritical Fluid Treatment at Low-Temperature. [Internet] [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2009. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0831109-113132.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Chang K. Growth of ZnO Nanotubes by CO2 Supercritical Fluid Treatment at Low-Temperature. [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2009. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0831109-113132
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Alberta
4.
Javaheri, Ali.
A Molecular Dynamics Study of the Dissolution of Asphaltene
Model Compounds in Supercritical Fluids.
Degree: MS, Department of Chemical and Materials
Engineering, 2010, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/gh93gz508
► The demand for a new solvent to treat oilsands was behind the purpose of this project; molecular dynamics simulation was used in this study. Supercritical…
(more)
▼ The demand for a new solvent to treat oilsands was
behind the purpose of this project; molecular dynamics simulation
was used in this study. Supercritical water, supercritical carbon
dioxide and other selected organic solvents in their supercritical
state were studied. Meso-tetraphenyl porphyrin (H2TPP) and
Octaethyl porphyrin (H2OEP) are the porphyrin model compounds and,
4’-Bis-(2-pyren-1-yl-ethyl)-[2, 2’] bipyridinyl (PBP) is the
asphaltene model compound. A solubility parameter approach was used
to infer the solubility of model compounds in the supercritical
fluids. First, the solubility of water, carbon dioxide, 4 selected
organic solvents, and the three model compounds were computed using
molecular dynamics simulation and compared with experimental
results. The computed solubility parameters showed that the model
compounds would dissolve in supercritical water (22.5 MPa and
645-655 K) but exhibited no solubility in supercritical carbon
dioxide.
Subjects/Keywords: Asphaltene; Supercritical Fluid; Molecular Dynamics
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APA (6th Edition):
Javaheri, A. (2010). A Molecular Dynamics Study of the Dissolution of Asphaltene
Model Compounds in Supercritical Fluids. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/gh93gz508
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Javaheri, Ali. “A Molecular Dynamics Study of the Dissolution of Asphaltene
Model Compounds in Supercritical Fluids.” 2010. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed March 05, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/gh93gz508.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Javaheri, Ali. “A Molecular Dynamics Study of the Dissolution of Asphaltene
Model Compounds in Supercritical Fluids.” 2010. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Javaheri A. A Molecular Dynamics Study of the Dissolution of Asphaltene
Model Compounds in Supercritical Fluids. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/gh93gz508.
Council of Science Editors:
Javaheri A. A Molecular Dynamics Study of the Dissolution of Asphaltene
Model Compounds in Supercritical Fluids. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2010. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/gh93gz508
Oregon State University
5.
Spence, Amy J.
An evaluation into the optimization and application of supercritical fluid extraction and the processing impact on the components in filtrated buttermilk powder.
Degree: PhD, Food Science and Technology, 2008, Oregon State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/9043
► The milk fat globule membrane, a major component in buttermilk, contains many complex lipids known to be involved in a variety of biological processes. Phospholipids,…
(more)
▼ The milk fat globule membrane, a major component in buttermilk, contains many complex lipids known to be involved in a variety of biological processes. Phospholipids, including sphingolipids, exhibit antioxidative, anticarcinogenic, and antiatherogenic properties and have essential roles in numerous cell functions. Filtration coupled with
supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) may provide a method of concentrating these nutritionally valuable lipids into a novel ingredient. The objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the SFE process as a method to enrich polar lipids in buttermilk powder.
The first part of this dissertation involved the optimization of the SFE treatment for buttermilk powder. Pressure and temperature treatment factors were assessed as were the role of matrix powder additions. The parameters at 350 bar and 50°C displayed enhanced extraction efficiency of triacylglycerol removal with minimal disruption to other buttermilk components. The addition of diatomaceous earth, Teflon® beads and physical vibration were shown to help reduce total lipid by 86%, 78% and 70%, respectively.
The second part of the study was to apply the optimized SFE treatment to two different sources of buttermilk powder, regular and whey cream, also passed through two different filtration modes prior to drying. The buttermilk powders were compared in terms of lipid extraction efficiency and by assessing compositional differences of initial and final products, as well as the lipids extracted from the powder. After three extractions, SFE processing reduced the total fat, namely non-polar lipids, by 38 - 55% and phospholipids were concentrated by a 5-fold factor in the powders. Specific molecular fatty acid combinations on the sphingosine backbone of sphingomyelin from the treated buttermilk powder were characterized to show unique composition.
Finally, the thermal stability of ultrafiltrated whey cream buttermilk powder prior to and following SFE treatment was observed. Salt as well as pH levels were adjusted in the reconstituted powders and protein agglomeration upon heating was assessed. Results showed that in comparison to whey protein isolate, the SFE process enhances thermal stability by reducing protein aggregation, indicating the processed whey cream buttermilk powder to be a unique product with an interesting thermal profile and composition.
Filtration followed by
supercritical fluid extraction processing is an effective tool for enriching bioactive lipids in both sweet and whey cream buttermilk powder, opening the potential for novel food ingredients.
Advisors/Committee Members: Qian, Michael (advisor), Jimenez, Rafael (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Supercritical Fluid Extraction; Buttermilk
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APA (6th Edition):
Spence, A. J. (2008). An evaluation into the optimization and application of supercritical fluid extraction and the processing impact on the components in filtrated buttermilk powder. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/9043
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Spence, Amy J. “An evaluation into the optimization and application of supercritical fluid extraction and the processing impact on the components in filtrated buttermilk powder.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed March 05, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1957/9043.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Spence, Amy J. “An evaluation into the optimization and application of supercritical fluid extraction and the processing impact on the components in filtrated buttermilk powder.” 2008. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Spence AJ. An evaluation into the optimization and application of supercritical fluid extraction and the processing impact on the components in filtrated buttermilk powder. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 2008. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/9043.
Council of Science Editors:
Spence AJ. An evaluation into the optimization and application of supercritical fluid extraction and the processing impact on the components in filtrated buttermilk powder. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/9043
University of Minnesota
6.
Bodnia, Logan Walter.
Construction and characterization of a high performance supercritical fluid chromatography system.
Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2013, University of Minnesota
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/167712
► The goal of this project is to design and build an Supercritical Fluid Chromatography instrument capable of doing fast separations with short columns packed with…
(more)
▼ The goal of this project is to design and build an Supercritical Fluid Chromatography instrument capable of doing fast separations with short columns packed with small particles. In order to do that the system must be capable of withstanding high pressures, have limited extra column effects, and be able to acquire data at a sufficient rate.
Subjects/Keywords: Chromatography; Fluid; Supercritical; Chemistry
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APA (6th Edition):
Bodnia, L. W. (2013). Construction and characterization of a high performance supercritical fluid chromatography system. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/167712
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bodnia, Logan Walter. “Construction and characterization of a high performance supercritical fluid chromatography system.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Minnesota. Accessed March 05, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11299/167712.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bodnia, Logan Walter. “Construction and characterization of a high performance supercritical fluid chromatography system.” 2013. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Bodnia LW. Construction and characterization of a high performance supercritical fluid chromatography system. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/167712.
Council of Science Editors:
Bodnia LW. Construction and characterization of a high performance supercritical fluid chromatography system. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/167712
University of Waterloo
7.
Abedin, Nowrin Raihan.
Micronization of Polyethylene Wax in an Extrusion Process using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide.
Degree: 2011, University of Waterloo
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6326
► Supercritical fluid technology is a well documented and emergent technology used in many industries today for the formation of micro- and nano- particles. The use…
(more)
▼ Supercritical fluid technology is a well documented and emergent technology used in many industries today for the formation of micro- and nano- particles. The use of supercritical fluids allows synthesis of various types of particles since their properties can be varied with temperature or pressure, which sequentially can control the physical and chemical properties of the particles produced. Several different processes designed to generate powders and composites using supercritical fluids have been proposed in the past 20 years which can be used to synthesize materials with high performance specifications and unique functionality. In this research work, an extrusion micronization process using supercritical fluid has been proposed. This powder production technique could be a promising alternative to conventional techniques in terms of improvement in product quality as it provides a better control over particle size, morphology and particle size distribution, without degradation or contamination of the product. In addition, as extrusion is globally used for polymer production and processing, particle production by extrusion will allow production and processing in a single process step, eliminating the need for secondary particle production methods.
The micronization process designed and described in this thesis involves a twin screw extruder equipped with a converging die and a high resistance spraying nozzle for particle production. A special CO2 injection device and polymer collection chamber was designed for CO2 supply and powder collection. To ensure complete dissolution of CO2 into the polymer matrix, stable injection of CO2, pressure generation and constant spray of micronized polymer particles, a special screw configuration was carefully designed for the extrusion process. The feasibility and the performance of this process have been demonstrated by experimental studies performed with low molecular weight polyethylene wax. Carbon dioxide at supercritical conditions was used as a solvent for processing the polymer.
The generated polyethylene particles from the polyethylene wax/carbon dioxide solution system were analyzed and studied using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, capillary rheometer and differential scanning calorimeter. A detailed study on the effects of the processing parameters, such as temperature, pressure, flow rate and supercritical fluid on properties of polyethylene particle produced was carried out. The particle size data collected using an optical microscope indicate a significant impact of temperature and CO2 content on particle size. The obtained size data were utilized to generate particle size distribution plots and studied to analyze the effect of the processing variables. It was found that particle size distribution is affected by processing temperature and CO2 content. Studies of the SEM images reveal that the morphology of particles can be controlled by varying processing variables like temperature, polymer feed rate and CO2 content.
The particles…
Subjects/Keywords: Polymer Micronization; Supercritical Fluid Technology
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APA (6th Edition):
Abedin, N. R. (2011). Micronization of Polyethylene Wax in an Extrusion Process using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. (Thesis). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6326
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Abedin, Nowrin Raihan. “Micronization of Polyethylene Wax in an Extrusion Process using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide.” 2011. Thesis, University of Waterloo. Accessed March 05, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6326.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Abedin, Nowrin Raihan. “Micronization of Polyethylene Wax in an Extrusion Process using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide.” 2011. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Abedin NR. Micronization of Polyethylene Wax in an Extrusion Process using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6326.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Abedin NR. Micronization of Polyethylene Wax in an Extrusion Process using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6326
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of New South Wales
8.
Russell, Nicholas.
The application of supercritical fluid sterilization for bone grafting : an investigation into its effects on the in vitro mechanical properties and in vivo biological response of cortical bone.
Degree: Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, 2013, University of New South Wales
URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/52901
;
https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:11579/SOURCE01?view=true
► Introduction: The rational use of allograft in bone grafting applications is hindered by current processing and sterilization techniques which impair the mechanical and biological properties…
(more)
▼ Introduction: The rational use of allograft in bone grafting applications is hindered by current processing and sterilization techniques which impair the mechanical and biological properties of the graft, resulting in a failure to extract the optimal performance out of the donor tissue.
Supercritical fluid (SCF) technology is a novel technique, which is capable of achieving terminal sterilization to regulatory standards, while facilitating delipidation of antigenic factors producing a ‘clean’ graft. Its use ishindered by a lack of formative information regarding its effect on the mechanical and biological properties of allograft bone. Methods: The effect of SCF treatment on the mechanical properties of cortical bone was characterized by in vitro mechanical testing in quasi-static compression in three orientations, as well as 3pt- and 4pt- bending, torsion and dynamic 3pt-bending. Both elastic and plastic mechanical properties were evaluated and compared to untreated controls and gamma irradiation at a low and ‘standard’ dose. The osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity of SCF treated allograft bone was tested in vivo using a bilateral metaphyseal critical-sized defect model in rabbits and an athymic rat ectopic muscle pocket model respectively. The SCF treated grafts were compared to gamma irradiation and analyzed using radiography, computed tomography, and both qualitative andquantitative histology and immunohistochemistry for both studies. Results: SCF treatment preserved the mechanical properties of bone under all loading modalities tested. This highlights its benign effect on the structure and interaction of bones constituents under both quasi-static and clinically relevant fatigue loading scenarios. Gamma irradiation had a deleterious dose-dependent effect under all loading modalities, which was most significant in fatigue. These findings indicate that clinicians should becautious when using gamma irradiated grafts in load-bearing applications. The in vivo studies showed that both gamma irradiation and SCF treatment maintained the osteoconductive traits of allograft bone, with both grafts able to facilitate healing in a metaphyseal critical-sized defect. DBM treated using the same methods preserved its osteoinductivity, producing new bone ectopically in the established screening bioassay. These results substantiate the assertion from the mechanical investigation thatthe structure of the bone was preserved following SCF treatment; allowing the normal attachment and proliferation of cells on both mineralized allograft and in DBM. The preservation of osteoinductivity in DBM indicates that this treatment is also gentle to endogenous growth factors. The extraction properties inherent in this treatment also proved to be an ideal final cleaning step for preparing the graft, enabling the removal of cellular debris and processing artifact, and consequently limiting the severity of the immune response compared to the corresponding gamma irradiated graft. Gamma irradiation resulted in an increase graft resorption in both in…
Advisors/Committee Members: Walsh, William, Clinical School - Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Pelletier, Matthew, Clinical School - Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW.
Subjects/Keywords: Supercritical Fluid; Allograft; Sterilization
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APA (6th Edition):
Russell, N. (2013). The application of supercritical fluid sterilization for bone grafting : an investigation into its effects on the in vitro mechanical properties and in vivo biological response of cortical bone. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/52901 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:11579/SOURCE01?view=true
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Russell, Nicholas. “The application of supercritical fluid sterilization for bone grafting : an investigation into its effects on the in vitro mechanical properties and in vivo biological response of cortical bone.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New South Wales. Accessed March 05, 2021.
http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/52901 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:11579/SOURCE01?view=true.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Russell, Nicholas. “The application of supercritical fluid sterilization for bone grafting : an investigation into its effects on the in vitro mechanical properties and in vivo biological response of cortical bone.” 2013. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Russell N. The application of supercritical fluid sterilization for bone grafting : an investigation into its effects on the in vitro mechanical properties and in vivo biological response of cortical bone. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/52901 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:11579/SOURCE01?view=true.
Council of Science Editors:
Russell N. The application of supercritical fluid sterilization for bone grafting : an investigation into its effects on the in vitro mechanical properties and in vivo biological response of cortical bone. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2013. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/52901 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:11579/SOURCE01?view=true
Cornell University
9.
Ki Yul Cho.
SELECTED PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRUDATES.
Degree: 2008, Cornell University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/10261
► Steam-based extrusion (SBX) is widely utilized for starch-based products but utilization of protein in SBX has been reported to be limited due to high temperature…
(more)
▼ Steam-based extrusion (SBX) is widely utilized for starch-based products but utilization of protein in SBX has been reported to be limited due to high temperature and high shear conditions. Supercritical fluid extrusion (SCFX) uses supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) as a blowing agent, enabling utilization of heat and shear sensitive ingredients including whey protein. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of whey protein and process parameters on the expansion and microstructure of SCFX extrudates using on-line slit die rheometer, X-ray microtomography, and video analysis. The potential of SCFX for healthy snack production with whey protein and with higher resistant starch (RS) content was also evaluated. Whey protein acted as a diluent leading to reduced melt viscosity that resulted in lower cell number density and overall expansion. Thermal analysis indicated only limited chemical interaction between whey protein and pregelatinized corn starch. SC-CO2 increased the expansion of whey protein added starch-based extrudates but structural collapse was observed at 0.75 wt% SC-CO2 level during post-extrusion drying at 85 °C. Cell size from transverse cross-sections of SCFX extrudates decreased with radial distance from the center. In the longitudinal direction, the cells shapes were more elliptical than spherical. Not only piece density but also the ratio of cell wall thickness to cell diameter were observed to be a good predictor of mechanical properties. SCFX process showed 30-200 fold longer expansion time compared to SBX and can be utilized for making novel products. The pressure drop profile in the die was found to be critical in controlling not only overall expansion but also the rate of expansion. SCFX extrudates showed 4 fold higher RS content than SBX extrudates while the product densities of both extrudates were comparable. Feed moisture content and processing temperature were found to be critical for RS formation in SCFX and SBX extrudates. A SCFX process has been successfully developed for production of novel healthy snack containing 40~60 wt% whey protein with unique porous structure and texture. The finding showed that an extrusion process at temperatures below protein denaturation temperature using SC-CO2 can help prevent hard texture and create a uniform microstructure.
Subjects/Keywords: Supercritical fluid extrusion
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APA (6th Edition):
Cho, K. Y. (2008). SELECTED PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRUDATES. (Thesis). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/10261
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Cho, Ki Yul. “SELECTED PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRUDATES.” 2008. Thesis, Cornell University. Accessed March 05, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1813/10261.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Cho, Ki Yul. “SELECTED PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRUDATES.” 2008. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Cho KY. SELECTED PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRUDATES. [Internet] [Thesis]. Cornell University; 2008. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/10261.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Cho KY. SELECTED PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRUDATES. [Thesis]. Cornell University; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/10261
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Oregon State University
10.
Yi, Jung-Seok.
The extraction of pentachlorophenol from pressure treated wood using supercritical carbon dioxide.
Degree: MS, Chemical Engineering, 1993, Oregon State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/37192
► The extraction of pentachlorophenol (PCP) from pressure treated wood wafers with supercritical carbon dioxide has been studied. Experimental data were obtained for the effects of…
(more)
▼ The extraction of pentachlorophenol (PCP) from pressure treated wood
wafers with
supercritical carbon dioxide has been studied. Experimental data
were obtained for the effects of pressure (17.5 - 25.0 MPa), temperature (313 - 353
K), flow rate (1 - 3 ml/min at
supercritical conditions), and sample size (0.8 x 10
x 50 mm and 2.2 x 10 x 50 mm) by measuring the effluent concentration versus
time. A fundamental model was developed which includes rates of intraparticle
diffusion, external film mass transfer, desorption and the initial distribution of
PCP between the pore volume (cell lumen) and pore surface (cell wall) of wood
wafers. The intraparticle diffusion and external mass transfer rates are combined
in terms of an overall mass transfer coefficient derived from the assumption of
a parabolic concentration profile of PCP inside the wafer pores. The initial
distribution of PCP between cell lumen and cell wall was determined by fitting
the mathematical model to dynamic extraction rate data. The desorption rate
was very small for all the extraction conditions, and extraction rate increased with
the pressure, temperature, and flow rate because the combined mass transfer
increased. Similar values of mass transfer coefficient were achieved for two
different sample sizes: 0.8 x 10 x 50 mm and 2.2 x 10 x 50 mm.
Advisors/Committee Members: Levien, Keith L. (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Supercritical fluid extraction
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APA (6th Edition):
Yi, J. (1993). The extraction of pentachlorophenol from pressure treated wood using supercritical carbon dioxide. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/37192
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Yi, Jung-Seok. “The extraction of pentachlorophenol from pressure treated wood using supercritical carbon dioxide.” 1993. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed March 05, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1957/37192.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Yi, Jung-Seok. “The extraction of pentachlorophenol from pressure treated wood using supercritical carbon dioxide.” 1993. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Yi J. The extraction of pentachlorophenol from pressure treated wood using supercritical carbon dioxide. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1993. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/37192.
Council of Science Editors:
Yi J. The extraction of pentachlorophenol from pressure treated wood using supercritical carbon dioxide. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1993. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/37192
University of Missouri – Columbia
11.
Wilkinson, Nikolas.
The use of supercritical fluids to process biomass for fuel.
Degree: 2013, University of Missouri – Columbia
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10355/38583
► [ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Soybean flakes were extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide at 48.3 MPa and 80 °C, which…
(more)
▼ [ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Soybean flakes were extracted using
supercritical carbon dioxide at 48.3 MPa and 80 °C, which is a higher temperature than previously reported. Several operational parameters were explored to determine their effect on extractions. Flakes, as typically used in this industry, provided the best extraction performance. Particle size distributions were created through grinding. Reducing average particle diameters smaller than 0.069 mm had no appreciable effect on increasing extraction efficiencies. Exploration of flow rate indicated that a residence time of less than 60 s for the scCO2 would be sufficient for complete extractions. A solvent mass to load mass ratio of 10:1 was found to be sufficient for extraction of oils from soybean flakes. Increasing moisture in the soybeans led to decreasing extraction efficiency of oils. Finally, soybean hulls had no effect on extraction efficiency. Thus, the de-hulling procedure can be removed from the extraction process without decreasing extraction efficiency.
Supercritical water gasification of primary sewage sludge sampled from a local facility was undertaken at different solids content. The performance of the process was compared with the anaerobic digestion system in use at the facility where the samples were taken. The mass and composition of the vapor products documented showed that the process generates more energy per gram of feed while rapidly destroying more volatile solids relative to the anaerobic digestion process. However, the energy input requirements are greater for
supercritical water gasification. This study defines parameters for a model of the gasification reaction using the power law and Arrhenius equation. The activation energy (Ea) was estimated to be 15 kJ/mol, and the reaction order (n) was estimated to be 0.586. This model allows estimation of the size of a
supercritical water reactor needed to replace the anaerobic digesters that are currently used at the wastewater treatment plant.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jacoby, William, 1959- (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: supercritical fluid; biomass; sewage sludge; soybean flakes
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APA (6th Edition):
Wilkinson, N. (2013). The use of supercritical fluids to process biomass for fuel. (Thesis). University of Missouri – Columbia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10355/38583
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wilkinson, Nikolas. “The use of supercritical fluids to process biomass for fuel.” 2013. Thesis, University of Missouri – Columbia. Accessed March 05, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10355/38583.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wilkinson, Nikolas. “The use of supercritical fluids to process biomass for fuel.” 2013. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Wilkinson N. The use of supercritical fluids to process biomass for fuel. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Missouri – Columbia; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10355/38583.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Wilkinson N. The use of supercritical fluids to process biomass for fuel. [Thesis]. University of Missouri – Columbia; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10355/38583
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
North-West University
12.
Mastoroudes, Bruce De Cliffordt.
Feasibility of thorium extraction from a solid monazite matrix utilizing supercritical CO2 with TBP and HFA as chelates / Bruce De Cliffordt Mastoroudes
.
Degree: 2014, North-West University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10394/16267
► With current energy demands globally and locally, nuclear energy remains one of the top competitors for cleaner and sustainable energy. The nuclear industry requires more…
(more)
▼ With current energy demands globally and locally, nuclear energy remains one of the top competitors for cleaner and sustainable energy. The nuclear industry requires more inherent safety and proliferation resistance in reactor design. Thorium has therefore been identified as a possible fuel for future nuclear reactors that can comply with these requirements. However current extraction techniques are expensive, time consuming and generate large quantities of hazardous waste. A possible alternative to conventional solvent extraction of thorium is SFE (Supercritical Fluid Extraction).
A monazite sample from the Steenkampskraal mine was investigated using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) analysis methods to determine the distribution of thorium in the grains that could potentially complicate the effectiveness of the SFE extraction method if zoning is present. The results show a homogeneous distribution with no discernable zonation in the grains. The concentration of Th, Ce and Nd was determined by quantitative MPA (Micro Probe Analysis). The results obtained from the MPA point analysis on several grains show average Th, Ce and Nd concentrations of 6.5 wt. %, 24.1 wt. % and 9.7 wt. % respectively.
The extraction of Th+4 from a filter paper was conducted to verify the extraction procedure and extractability of transition elements employing SFE. The extraction was conducted using supercritical CO2 and methanol as co-solvent with TBP (Tributyl Phosphate) and HFA (Hexafluoroacetylacetone) added in situ as chelates. ICP-MS results for the Th+4 extraction procedure showed extraction efficiency of 53 % compared to 83 % in literature (Kumar et al. 2009). This marked difference in extraction efficiency is attributed to ineffective trapping methods employed and lack of prior maintenance and support on the extraction apparatus. Subsequently all further extracted samples of Th from monazite were tested using XRF analysis methods.
Due to the lack of prior maintenance on the extraction apparatus several technical breakdowns were encountered and addressed from a mechanical engineering standpoint. The operational effectiveness of the modified apparatus was verified through the extraction of marula seed oil and compared with another supercritical fluid (SF) extractor to show 50 % extraction efficiency in each case.
A review of the literature indicated that the crystal chemical requirements for substitution of trivalent (Ce+3) for tetravalent (Th+4) may be fulfilled during SFE processes. Experimental substitution extractions were conducted by addition of different chelates and were conducted by subjecting the monazite samples to 20 MPa pressure for 180 min static flow and 10 min continuous flow extraction times with a CO2 flow rate of 2 mL/min with 10 % co-solvent flow rate. The results of the two sets of substitution extractions namely α and β show no clear indication of Th extraction. The maximum theoretical efficiency obtainable under current extraction equipment limitations was calculated as 12%. The XRF analysis error margin was…
Subjects/Keywords: Supercritical fluid;
CO2;
Chelates;
Thorium;
Rare earth elements;
Supercritical fluid extraction;
Solvent extraction
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Mastoroudes, B. D. C. (2014). Feasibility of thorium extraction from a solid monazite matrix utilizing supercritical CO2 with TBP and HFA as chelates / Bruce De Cliffordt Mastoroudes
. (Thesis). North-West University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10394/16267
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mastoroudes, Bruce De Cliffordt. “Feasibility of thorium extraction from a solid monazite matrix utilizing supercritical CO2 with TBP and HFA as chelates / Bruce De Cliffordt Mastoroudes
.” 2014. Thesis, North-West University. Accessed March 05, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10394/16267.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mastoroudes, Bruce De Cliffordt. “Feasibility of thorium extraction from a solid monazite matrix utilizing supercritical CO2 with TBP and HFA as chelates / Bruce De Cliffordt Mastoroudes
.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Mastoroudes BDC. Feasibility of thorium extraction from a solid monazite matrix utilizing supercritical CO2 with TBP and HFA as chelates / Bruce De Cliffordt Mastoroudes
. [Internet] [Thesis]. North-West University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10394/16267.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Mastoroudes BDC. Feasibility of thorium extraction from a solid monazite matrix utilizing supercritical CO2 with TBP and HFA as chelates / Bruce De Cliffordt Mastoroudes
. [Thesis]. North-West University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10394/16267
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Indian Institute of Science
13.
Narayan, Ram C.
Non-catalytic Synthesis of Biolubricant Esters and their Solubilities in Supercritical Fluids.
Degree: PhD, Engineering, 2018, Indian Institute of Science
URL: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4035
► Breakdown products released due to increased loss of mineral oil based lubricants to the environment lead to aquatic toxicity and release of harmful volatile compounds…
(more)
▼ Breakdown products released due to increased loss of mineral oil based lubricants to the environment lead to aquatic toxicity and release of harmful volatile compounds into the atmosphere. The production of these conventional mineral oil based lubricants is not sustainable as it is dependent on the fast depleting crude oil sources. The properties of the base
fluid are not consistent and highly dependent on crude oil sources. Thus, there is an impetus towards developing synthetic and environmentally friendly lubricants that are produced from renewable agricultural sources. Esters can be tailored to cater to the ever increasing lubricating challenges and applications without compromising on biodegradability and performance. Synthetic biolubricant esters are usually produced by transesterification or esterification and conventionally synthesized using homogenous catalysts like sulphuric acid, sodium hydroxide/alkoxide or using solid catalysts like Amberlyst-15 and immobilized lipase enzymes. However, these routes are associated with acidic waste water, neutralized salts, soaps or deactivated catalysts. These cause disposal problems and also reduce product purity. In addition, they may catalyze other reactions like etherification or disproportionation.
In reactions involving sub/
supercritical alcohols, the necessity of adding a catalyst or a solvent may be obviated. The consequent simplicity of the downstream operations makes the non-catalytic process more economic and environmental friendly (due to reduction in process wastes).
Supercritical fluids have attractive properties such as liquid like densities, gas like diffusivities, negligible surface tension, lower viscosities and high compressibility’s. Despite many advantages, certain shortcomings exist, such as harshness of operating conditions and requirement of high molar excess of reactants that affect process economics and safety. Most of the studies using
supercritical alcohols are focused on the production of fatty acid methyl or ethyl esters that are useful as biodiesel.
However, dicarboxylic acid esters and fatty acid esters of higher alcohols that are useful as biolubricants were not investigated. In this regard, non-catalytic esterification of lauric and stearic acid with
supercritical 1-butanol and is amyl alcohol and the esterification of sebacic acid with methanol and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol were investigated in this research for the first time. The effect of initial molar ratio, temperature, pressure and reaction time on the conversion or yield of esters was investigated. The temperature range investigated for esterification was in between 523 K and 673 K; initial molar ratio was varied up to 40:1 and reaction time up to 90 min. It was observed that with lowering molar ratio, the conversion or yield increases. This was in contrary to triglyceride-methanol/ethanol reacting systems. This is because of the increase in carboxylic acid catalytic activity at lower molar ratios. Higher conversions at lower molar ratios have both economic and environmental…
Advisors/Committee Members: Madras, Giridhar (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Biolubricant Esters; Esterification; Biolubricants; Supercritical Carbon Dioxide; Henry’s Law; Supercritical Alcohols; Supercritical Systems; Supercritical Fluid; Chemical Engineering
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APA (6th Edition):
Narayan, R. C. (2018). Non-catalytic Synthesis of Biolubricant Esters and their Solubilities in Supercritical Fluids. (Doctoral Dissertation). Indian Institute of Science. Retrieved from http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4035
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Narayan, Ram C. “Non-catalytic Synthesis of Biolubricant Esters and their Solubilities in Supercritical Fluids.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Indian Institute of Science. Accessed March 05, 2021.
http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4035.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Narayan, Ram C. “Non-catalytic Synthesis of Biolubricant Esters and their Solubilities in Supercritical Fluids.” 2018. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Narayan RC. Non-catalytic Synthesis of Biolubricant Esters and their Solubilities in Supercritical Fluids. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Indian Institute of Science; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4035.
Council of Science Editors:
Narayan RC. Non-catalytic Synthesis of Biolubricant Esters and their Solubilities in Supercritical Fluids. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Indian Institute of Science; 2018. Available from: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4035
University of Alberta
14.
La, Helen.
Extraction of bitumen from Athabasca oil sand slurry using
supercritical carbon Dioxide.
Degree: MS, Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, 2011, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/8910jt57v
► Extraction of hydrocarbons from an Athabasca oil sand slurry were conducted using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). The oil sand was slurried to a 1:1 ratio…
(more)
▼ Extraction of hydrocarbons from an Athabasca oil sand
slurry were conducted using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2).
The oil sand was slurried to a 1:1 ratio with water and experiments
were conducted using a laboratory-scale batch supercritical fluid
extraction (SFE) system. Preliminary tests revealed the importance
of mixing rate on hydrocarbon yields. A 23 factorial experiment
was then conducted to test the effect of temperature, pressure, and
modifier (toluene) addition on hydrocarbon extraction yield. When
toluene was absent, hydrocarbon extraction yields were greater at
the high temperature (60°C); however, when toluene was present, the
combination of low temperature (31°C) and high pressure (24.1MPa)
provided greater extraction yields. The experiment that produced
the highest cumulative hydrocarbon extraction yield was analyzed by
GC-FID for product-quality. Two composite samples and one time
series sample revealed a carbon distribution range of the extract
centering on C25, corresponding to the light gas oil range as
classified in petroleum fractions.
Subjects/Keywords: Supercritical fluid extraction; Bitumen; Athabasca oil sand; Slurry extraction; Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction
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APA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
La, H. (2011). Extraction of bitumen from Athabasca oil sand slurry using
supercritical carbon Dioxide. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/8910jt57v
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
La, Helen. “Extraction of bitumen from Athabasca oil sand slurry using
supercritical carbon Dioxide.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed March 05, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/8910jt57v.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
La, Helen. “Extraction of bitumen from Athabasca oil sand slurry using
supercritical carbon Dioxide.” 2011. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
La H. Extraction of bitumen from Athabasca oil sand slurry using
supercritical carbon Dioxide. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/8910jt57v.
Council of Science Editors:
La H. Extraction of bitumen from Athabasca oil sand slurry using
supercritical carbon Dioxide. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2011. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/8910jt57v
University of Alberta
15.
Fang, Yi.
Extraction of hydrocarbons from oil sand using supercritical
carbon dioxid.
Degree: MS, Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, 2010, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/9g54xk200
► This study investigates the extraction of hydrocarbons from oil sand using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2). Experiments were carried out on three different types of…
(more)
▼ This study investigates the extraction of hydrocarbons
from oil sand using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2).
Experiments were carried out on three different types of oil sands.
After some preliminary experiments, the feasibility of extracting
hydrocarbons from oil sands by SC CO2 was confirmed and three
experimental factors (pressure, temperature and mixing rate) were
identified for further study. A two to the three factorial design
was used to determine the significance of each factor and the
significance of the interaction of the factors on the extraction
efficiency. The extraction efficiency was calculated from
Dean-Stark extraction analysis and was compared to the extraction
efficiency based on gravimetric analysis. The results show that the
extraction efficiency increased with pressure at a constant
temperature. The effect of temperature on extraction efficiency is
complex. The highest extraction efficiency was obtained at the high
pressure (24.1MPa), high temperature (60°C) and a mixing rate of
250rpm.
Subjects/Keywords: supercritical fluid extraction; oil sand; supercritical carbon dioxid; Dean-Stark extraction; hydrocarbons
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Fang, Y. (2010). Extraction of hydrocarbons from oil sand using supercritical
carbon dioxid. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/9g54xk200
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Fang, Yi. “Extraction of hydrocarbons from oil sand using supercritical
carbon dioxid.” 2010. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed March 05, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/9g54xk200.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Fang, Yi. “Extraction of hydrocarbons from oil sand using supercritical
carbon dioxid.” 2010. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Fang Y. Extraction of hydrocarbons from oil sand using supercritical
carbon dioxid. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/9g54xk200.
Council of Science Editors:
Fang Y. Extraction of hydrocarbons from oil sand using supercritical
carbon dioxid. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2010. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/9g54xk200
16.
Minty, Brian.
Analysis of aqueous matrices using supercritical fluid extraction in conjunction with chromatographic spectroscopic and mass spectrometric techniques.
Degree: PhD, 2004, University of South Wales
URL: https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/analysis-of-aqueous-matrices-using-supercritical-fluid-extraction-in-conjunction-with-chromatographic-spectroscopic-and-mass-spectrometric-techniques(fc38e7eb-053c-4a5b-86a4-7726ebccea97).html
;
https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409740
► The use and supply of various organic solvents for analytical chemistry is coming under scrutiny due to their environmental impact. International legislation now prevents the…
(more)
▼ The use and supply of various organic solvents for analytical chemistry is coming under scrutiny due to their environmental impact. International legislation now prevents the supply of "ozone depleting" solvents for laboratory purposes. Consequently alternative analytical methods to those which had previously relied upon the use of a range of organic solvents need to be developed. Supercritical fluids exhibit some properties associated with gases and liquids, and in particular their solvating characteristics are equivalent to a wide range of conventional organic solvents. Environmentally benign carbon dioxide in its supercritical fluid state can be utilised to imitate the solvating power of a range of organic solvents from non polar pentane through to more polar pyridine. There are many reports detailing the use of supercritical fluid extraction for the isolation of target compounds from a very wide range of solid matrices. The objective of these studies was to develop direct liquid supercritical fluid extraction procedures using carbon dioxide to isolate, concentrate and quantify target analytes from aqueous media. These investigations involved using off-line and on-line supercritical fluid extraction procedures with final analytical detection and quantification being accomplished using a range of chromatographic, spectroscopic and mass spectrometric methods. Within chapters 2 and 3, an alternative infrared method for determining the quantity of oil in process and discharge waters is described. The results of quantification studies involving various oils and hydrocarbons indicate that the custom built supercritical fluid extraction system developed for these investigations directly coupled with an infrared spectrometer provide an alternative method to traditional liquid-liquid extraction procedures that involve the use of ozone depleting and/or toxic organic solvents. Chapter 4 describes how direct aqueous supercritical fluid extraction was used to continuously isolate free testosterone as it was liberated during the enzymic digest of a testosterone-/3-D-glucuronide solution incubated with Helix pomatia glucuronidase. Other studies described within this chapter that also involved the use of direct aqueous supercritical fluid extraction with off-line gas chromatography-mass spectrometry describe procedures for determining trace levels of organophosphate pesticides and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous samples. The development and use of on-line direct aqueous supercritical fluid extraction coupled with supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry using atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation for the analysis of phenols at the ppb level is described in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 describes the use of direct aqueous supercritical fluid extraction coupled online with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using ammonia chemical ionization for the analysis of three veterinary drugs at the ppb level. Results of off-line and on-line studies involving electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with high pressure liquid…
Subjects/Keywords: 660.284248; Supercritical fluid chromatography; Supercritical fluid extraction
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APA (6th Edition):
Minty, B. (2004). Analysis of aqueous matrices using supercritical fluid extraction in conjunction with chromatographic spectroscopic and mass spectrometric techniques. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of South Wales. Retrieved from https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/analysis-of-aqueous-matrices-using-supercritical-fluid-extraction-in-conjunction-with-chromatographic-spectroscopic-and-mass-spectrometric-techniques(fc38e7eb-053c-4a5b-86a4-7726ebccea97).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409740
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Minty, Brian. “Analysis of aqueous matrices using supercritical fluid extraction in conjunction with chromatographic spectroscopic and mass spectrometric techniques.” 2004. Doctoral Dissertation, University of South Wales. Accessed March 05, 2021.
https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/analysis-of-aqueous-matrices-using-supercritical-fluid-extraction-in-conjunction-with-chromatographic-spectroscopic-and-mass-spectrometric-techniques(fc38e7eb-053c-4a5b-86a4-7726ebccea97).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409740.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Minty, Brian. “Analysis of aqueous matrices using supercritical fluid extraction in conjunction with chromatographic spectroscopic and mass spectrometric techniques.” 2004. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Minty B. Analysis of aqueous matrices using supercritical fluid extraction in conjunction with chromatographic spectroscopic and mass spectrometric techniques. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of South Wales; 2004. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/analysis-of-aqueous-matrices-using-supercritical-fluid-extraction-in-conjunction-with-chromatographic-spectroscopic-and-mass-spectrometric-techniques(fc38e7eb-053c-4a5b-86a4-7726ebccea97).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409740.
Council of Science Editors:
Minty B. Analysis of aqueous matrices using supercritical fluid extraction in conjunction with chromatographic spectroscopic and mass spectrometric techniques. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of South Wales; 2004. Available from: https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/analysis-of-aqueous-matrices-using-supercritical-fluid-extraction-in-conjunction-with-chromatographic-spectroscopic-and-mass-spectrometric-techniques(fc38e7eb-053c-4a5b-86a4-7726ebccea97).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409740
University of Lund
17.
Abrahamsson, Victor.
Fundamental research on supercritical fluid extraction
kinetics : From on-line measurements to inverse modeling.
Degree: 2016, University of Lund
URL: https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/bf52bcce-55aa-4023-9724-059cf8e27284
;
https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/15722515/120581_2_G5_Victor_A_electronic.pdf
► Supercritical fluid extraction is an extraction technique suitable for lipophilic compounds from solid samples. Most commonly supercritical carbon dioxide is the main component in the…
(more)
▼ Supercritical fluid extraction is an extraction
technique suitable for lipophilic compounds from solid samples.
Most commonly supercritical carbon dioxide is the main component in
the extraction phase, rendering the technique relatively
environmentally benign. The extraction technique is rapid due to
the low viscosity and the high diffusivity of analytes in the
supercritical extraction phase.The selectivity can be tuned by
changing the extraction conditions of pressure, temperature and
co-solvent amount. These process parameters along with flow rate
and extraction time make optimization of an extraction method
rather cumbersome. A fundamental understanding of the extraction
process can help to make wise decisions during method development.
In this work extractability, partitioning, solubility and internal
and external mass transfer resistancehave been studied through
inverse modeling.Methods based on in-line spectrophotometric
measurements and on-line evaporative light scattering detection
have been developed to efficiently acquire extraction curves, i.e.,
the extraction yield over time. These enable a highthroughput of
extractions with high temporal resolution and good precision. The
methods were applied to quantify total lipids from linseed and
carotenoids, chlorophyll A, ergosterol and total lipids from
microalgae. An off-line method for separating carotenoids based on
supercritical fluid chromatography was also developed.Methodologies
have been developed to acquire models which are calibrated using
all experiments, so called complete calibration. It is shown that
calibrating one model per experiment does not generate models with
reliable parameters with physical meaning. The models can be used
for predicting extraction curves within the investigated space of
process parameters.Finally, extractability and partitioning are
shown to be highly influential on the extraction process. Also,
partitioning can give rise to diminishing extraction rates, which
has previously believed only to be caused by
intraparticlediffusion.
Subjects/Keywords: Analytical Chemistry; supercritical fluid extraction; supercritical fluid chromatography; linseed; microalgae; extraction kinetics; inverse modeling; curve resolution
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APA (6th Edition):
Abrahamsson, V. (2016). Fundamental research on supercritical fluid extraction
kinetics : From on-line measurements to inverse modeling. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Lund. Retrieved from https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/bf52bcce-55aa-4023-9724-059cf8e27284 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/15722515/120581_2_G5_Victor_A_electronic.pdf
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Abrahamsson, Victor. “Fundamental research on supercritical fluid extraction
kinetics : From on-line measurements to inverse modeling.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Lund. Accessed March 05, 2021.
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/bf52bcce-55aa-4023-9724-059cf8e27284 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/15722515/120581_2_G5_Victor_A_electronic.pdf.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Abrahamsson, Victor. “Fundamental research on supercritical fluid extraction
kinetics : From on-line measurements to inverse modeling.” 2016. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Abrahamsson V. Fundamental research on supercritical fluid extraction
kinetics : From on-line measurements to inverse modeling. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Lund; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/bf52bcce-55aa-4023-9724-059cf8e27284 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/15722515/120581_2_G5_Victor_A_electronic.pdf.
Council of Science Editors:
Abrahamsson V. Fundamental research on supercritical fluid extraction
kinetics : From on-line measurements to inverse modeling. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Lund; 2016. Available from: https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/bf52bcce-55aa-4023-9724-059cf8e27284 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/15722515/120581_2_G5_Victor_A_electronic.pdf
University of Vienna
18.
Scheuba, Johanna.
A supercritical fluid workflow for the fast separation, isolation, and quantification of major constituents in Liquidambar (styrax) resins.
Degree: 2018, University of Vienna
URL: http://othes.univie.ac.at/55566/
► Diese Diplomarbeit zeigt, dass die polaren Verbindungen, o-Vanillin (1), Styracin (2), Vanillin (3), trans-Zimtsäure (4), Vanillinsäure (5) und Shikimisäure (6) mit Geräten, die mit überkritischen…
(more)
▼ Diese Diplomarbeit zeigt, dass die polaren Verbindungen, o-Vanillin (1), Styracin (2),
Vanillin (3), trans-Zimtsäure (4), Vanillinsäure (5) und Shikimisäure (6) mit Geräten,
die mit überkritischen CO2 arbeiten, extrahiert, analysiert, quantifiziert und isoliert
werden können. Diese Technologien beinhalten die SFE (überkritische
Flüssigextraktion), analytische SFC (überkritische Flüssigchromatographie) und SFC
im präparativen Maßstab. Für jeden dieser Schritte wurde ein Protokoll erstellt. Die
analytische Methode wurde gemäß den ICH-Leitlinien validiert. Die Verbindungen
2-6 kommen im Balsam, einem harzigen Saft (Styrax) von Liquidambar-Arten, die zur
Hamamelidaceae-Familie gehören, vor. Als Anwendungsbeispiel für das entwickelte
Protokoll wurden acht Styraxproben (R1-R8) für die Quantifizierung der phenolischen
Verbindungen, 1-5, und 6, einer phenolischen Vorstufe, ausgewählt. Die Extraktion
wurde mit einem SFE-Gerät mit einer 1:1 Mischung aus Ethanol und CO2
durchgeführt. Ein Ultra-Performance-Convergency-Chromatographie (UPC2) SFCGerät
wurde für die Analyse und Quantifizierung der Verbindungen verwendet. Mit
der stationären Phase Acquity UPC2 BEH 2-EP (3.0 x 100 mm, 1.7 μm) wurde eine
Grundlinientrennung der Verbindungen 1-6 innerhalb von 4 min erreicht. Die mobile
Phase bestand aus überkritischem CO2 und Methanol mit 0,1 % Phosphorsäure. Die
Zugabe von Phosphorsäure reduzierte die Peakschultern, insbesondere jene der
Säuren 4 und 6 effektiv, indem ihr protonierter, ungeladener Zustand sichergestellt
wurde. Die vorherrschenden Verbindungen 2, 4 und eine dritte, unbekannte
Verbindung (Verbindung 7) wurden aus R6 mittels präparativer SFC (Prep-15) isoliert
und rein dargestellt. Die präparative Methode wurde innerhalb von 6 min mit einem
Maßstabsverfahren der UPC2-Methode unter Verwendung der Viridis BEH 2-EP
(10 x 250 mm; 5 μm) als Säulenmaterial durchgeführt. Zusätzlich zu dem auf diesen
Ergebnissen basierenden Manuskript wurde Verbindung 7 durch Interpretation von
1D- und 2D-NMR-Spektren als 3-Phenylpropyl-(E)-cinnamat strukturell aufgeklärt.
Weiters wurden 5 und 6 aus Vanilleschoten und Sternanis extrahiert und quantifiziert,
da sie in den Styrax-Proben kaum beziehungsweise nicht vorhanden waren. Dies
wurde mit den gleichen Methoden wie für die Styraxproben durchgeführt.
Als weiterer Teil dieser Diplomarbeit wurde mit SFE ein Extraktionsprotokoll für
Triterpene aus dem Medizinalpilz Ganoderma lucidum erstellt.
Subjects/Keywords: 30.00 Naturwissenschaften allgemein: Allgemeines; Liquidambar orientalis / Hamamelidaceae / supercritical fluid extraction / supercritical fluid chromatography / ultraperformance convergence chromatography / styrax
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Scheuba, J. (2018). A supercritical fluid workflow for the fast separation, isolation, and quantification of major constituents in Liquidambar (styrax) resins. (Thesis). University of Vienna. Retrieved from http://othes.univie.ac.at/55566/
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Scheuba, Johanna. “A supercritical fluid workflow for the fast separation, isolation, and quantification of major constituents in Liquidambar (styrax) resins.” 2018. Thesis, University of Vienna. Accessed March 05, 2021.
http://othes.univie.ac.at/55566/.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Scheuba, Johanna. “A supercritical fluid workflow for the fast separation, isolation, and quantification of major constituents in Liquidambar (styrax) resins.” 2018. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Scheuba J. A supercritical fluid workflow for the fast separation, isolation, and quantification of major constituents in Liquidambar (styrax) resins. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Vienna; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: http://othes.univie.ac.at/55566/.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Scheuba J. A supercritical fluid workflow for the fast separation, isolation, and quantification of major constituents in Liquidambar (styrax) resins. [Thesis]. University of Vienna; 2018. Available from: http://othes.univie.ac.at/55566/
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Seton Hall University
19.
Patel, Sohita.
Analytical SFE: Optimization and Applications.
Degree: PhD, Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1999, Seton Hall University
URL: https://scholarship.shu.edu/dissertations/1256
Subjects/Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography; Supercritical fluid extraction; Chemistry
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APA (6th Edition):
Patel, S. (1999). Analytical SFE: Optimization and Applications. (Doctoral Dissertation). Seton Hall University. Retrieved from https://scholarship.shu.edu/dissertations/1256
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Patel, Sohita. “Analytical SFE: Optimization and Applications.” 1999. Doctoral Dissertation, Seton Hall University. Accessed March 05, 2021.
https://scholarship.shu.edu/dissertations/1256.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Patel, Sohita. “Analytical SFE: Optimization and Applications.” 1999. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Patel S. Analytical SFE: Optimization and Applications. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Seton Hall University; 1999. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: https://scholarship.shu.edu/dissertations/1256.
Council of Science Editors:
Patel S. Analytical SFE: Optimization and Applications. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Seton Hall University; 1999. Available from: https://scholarship.shu.edu/dissertations/1256
Virginia Tech
20.
Yip, Shiu Hang.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Chromatography of Various Lipids from Soybean Lecithin.
Degree: MS, Chemistry, 2007, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35349
► Phospholipids are commonly found in biological membranes. They have a polar head group and two ester linked fatty acids tails. Different methods such as thin…
(more)
▼ Phospholipids are commonly found in biological membranes. They have a polar head group and two ester linked fatty acids tails. Different methods such as thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet, refractive index, flame ionization detector, and mass spectrometry (MS) detection have long been used in the study of phospholipids. These methods were time-consuming and lacked quantitative accuracy. In this work, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine have been studied by
supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) coupled with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and mass spectrometry (MS). Four different silica-based stationary phases were studied: 2-ethylpyridine, 4-ethylpyridine, diol and conventional cyanopropyl. The influence of different mobile phase additives on the elution of phospholipids has been studied. The results have shown that isopropylamine is a better additive compared with ammonium acetate, tetrabutyl-ammonium acetate, and trifluoroacetic acid for the elution of phospholipids. All phospholipids have been eluted with baseline separation in less than 15 minutes although there is some partial overlap on the pyridine columns. The second goal for this work was fractionation of phospholipids from lecithin (a by-product from soybean) by using
supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with methanol-modified CO2. Neutral lipids were first removed from the crude sample using pure CO2. Partrial fractionation of PE and nearly pure fractionated PC were obtained by varying the modifier concentration in the extraction
fluid at 460 atm and 40 °C with silica gel inside the extraction vessel. A total of six components were isolated from crude soybean lecithin.
Advisors/Committee Members: Taylor, Larry T. (committeechair), Kingston, David G. I. (committee member), Wi, Sungsool (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: ethylpyridine phase; phospholipids; supercritical fluid extraction; supercritical fluid chromatography
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Yip, S. H. (2007). Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Chromatography of Various Lipids from Soybean Lecithin. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35349
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Yip, Shiu Hang. “Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Chromatography of Various Lipids from Soybean Lecithin.” 2007. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 05, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35349.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Yip, Shiu Hang. “Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Chromatography of Various Lipids from Soybean Lecithin.” 2007. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Yip SH. Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Chromatography of Various Lipids from Soybean Lecithin. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2007. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35349.
Council of Science Editors:
Yip SH. Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Chromatography of Various Lipids from Soybean Lecithin. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2007. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35349
NSYSU
21.
Liu, Yen-chu.
Nanoporous structure fabricated by dealloying AgAl thin film through supercritical fluid corrosion.
Degree: Master, Materials and Optoelectronic Science, 2016, NSYSU
URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0713116-113421
► In this research, the nanoporous silver foams are fabricated by dealloying the Ag-Al thin films in supercritical (SC) carbon oxide. The Ag-Al thin films were…
(more)
▼ In this research, the nanoporous silver foams are fabricated by dealloying the Ag-Al thin films in
supercritical (SC) carbon oxide. The Ag-Al thin films were deposited by sputtering with different compositions of Ag35Al65, Ag50Al50 and Ag65Al35 (in atomic percentage, at%). After the thin films are formed, they are set in a reaction chamber filled with
supercritical carbon oxide. The
supercritical carbon oxide is a mixture with water. Water has high solubility in SC CO2, and both water and CO2 are common materials we can gain in nature. Normal reverse osmotic water has carbonate (CO32-) inside because a small amount of CO2 gas in the atmosphere dissolved in water. The water has strong oxidative capacity in SC CO2, which could react with alumina and form the pore with the size from 300 nm-500 nm. In this research, we also choose H2C2O4 aqueous solution as the solute in the SC CO2 reaction chamber. The foam analyses were done by SEM, XRD and BET. The surface value of the as-dealloyed Ag35Al65, Ag50Al50 and Ag65Al35 are 4.5, 3.1, 2.6 m2g-1 respectively, and the porosity volume fraction values are 72%, 49%, 32% respectively. It takes less time to form a nanoporous structure, and the pore size is only 100 nm-300 nm. As we increase the pressure of the chamber, the corrosion rate will be raised as well. Due to the small tension of
supercritical fluid, the
supercritical fluid dealloying process is able to form nanoporous silver when the alloy has higher silver compositions like Ag50Al50 and Ag65Al35, for which the typical chemical dealloying is not able to do so.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hsu JH (chair), Huang JC (committee member), Jang SC (chair).
Subjects/Keywords: supercritical fluid; Nanoporous structure; thin film; corrosion; Ag-Al alloy
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APA (6th Edition):
Liu, Y. (2016). Nanoporous structure fabricated by dealloying AgAl thin film through supercritical fluid corrosion. (Thesis). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0713116-113421
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Liu, Yen-chu. “Nanoporous structure fabricated by dealloying AgAl thin film through supercritical fluid corrosion.” 2016. Thesis, NSYSU. Accessed March 05, 2021.
http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0713116-113421.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Liu, Yen-chu. “Nanoporous structure fabricated by dealloying AgAl thin film through supercritical fluid corrosion.” 2016. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Liu Y. Nanoporous structure fabricated by dealloying AgAl thin film through supercritical fluid corrosion. [Internet] [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0713116-113421.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Liu Y. Nanoporous structure fabricated by dealloying AgAl thin film through supercritical fluid corrosion. [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2016. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0713116-113421
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
NSYSU
22.
Lai, Shih-wei.
Fabrication of Solar Cells using Cuprous Oxide on N-type Bulk Silicon.
Degree: Master, Electro-Optical Engineering, 2016, NSYSU
URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0618116-151100
► In this study, we fabricate heteorjunction solar cells which are composed of P-type cuprous oxide on N-type silicon wafer. First, the silicon wafer was textured…
(more)
▼ In this study, we fabricate heteorjunction solar cells which are composed of P-type cuprous oxide on N-type silicon wafer. First, the silicon wafer was textured with KOH alkaline solution to lower the weighted reflection. In the following, we used thermal oxidation to grow silicon oxide on the surface of silicon wafer, and removed the grown oxide with wet etching. There are two reasons to do so. One is to lower the sharpness of pyramid structure, and another is to remove particles which could attach to the silicon surface during fabricating process. Moreover, we do the surface passivation of silicon using
supercritical fluid to repair defects. Finally, we deposited P-type cuprous oxide on silicon substrate with both solution process and reactive sputtering and completed the devices by fabricating the metal electrodes. The reflectivity of silicon substrate was reduced from 29.6% to 15.3% by texturizing the Si surface. The SEM pictures also showed that the sharpness of pyramid structure was successfully reduced with thermal oxidation and etching. However, this led to an increase of reflectivity. The reflectivity increased from 15.3% to 17.7% after removing 0.5μm thermal oxide on the Si surface. Finally, the performance of devices was measured by solar simulator at AM1.5. The best devices showed an open circuit voltage (VOC ) of 0.3Vãa short circuit current density (JSC) of 1.03mA/cm2ãa full factor (FF) of 0.37 and an energy conversion efficiency (η) of 0.11%. The carrier lifetime of the textured silicon wafer which is passivated with
supercritical fluid is only 94.1μs. The carrier lifetime must be improved before a high performance Cu2O/n-Si heterojunction solar call can be obtained.
Advisors/Committee Members: Yung-Jr Hung (chair), Ting-Chang Chang (chair), Chao-Kuei Lee (chair), Ann-Kuo Chu (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Supercritical Fluid; Thermal Oxidation; Cuprous Oxide; Texture; Heterojunction Solar Cells
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Lai, S. (2016). Fabrication of Solar Cells using Cuprous Oxide on N-type Bulk Silicon. (Thesis). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0618116-151100
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lai, Shih-wei. “Fabrication of Solar Cells using Cuprous Oxide on N-type Bulk Silicon.” 2016. Thesis, NSYSU. Accessed March 05, 2021.
http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0618116-151100.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lai, Shih-wei. “Fabrication of Solar Cells using Cuprous Oxide on N-type Bulk Silicon.” 2016. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Lai S. Fabrication of Solar Cells using Cuprous Oxide on N-type Bulk Silicon. [Internet] [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0618116-151100.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Lai S. Fabrication of Solar Cells using Cuprous Oxide on N-type Bulk Silicon. [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2016. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0618116-151100
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
NSYSU
23.
Chen, Jia-fa.
Enhanced Conversion Efficiency in Back-Contact CMOS Photovoltaic Devices by Surface Engineering.
Degree: Master, Electro-Optical Engineering, 2015, NSYSU
URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0628115-143442
► Surface passivation and antireflection strongly affect the conversion efficiency of back-contact CMOS photovoltaic devices. Enhanced device performance is obtained by reducing the surface reflection and…
(more)
▼ Surface passivation and antireflection strongly affect the conversion efficiency of back-contact CMOS photovoltaic devices. Enhanced device performance is obtained by reducing the surface reflection and the minority carrier recombination. In order to achieve efficient back-contact CMOS photovoltaic device in standard bulk CMOS process, in this work we thin down the device substrate by mechanical grinding and lapping process in order to remove low-lifetime bulk substrate and increase the photocurrent collection efficiency. Thinned photovoltaic devices show an increase in conversion efficiency from originally 2~6% to 12~16% depending on the CMOS process.
Supercritical carbon dioxide
fluid process is then conducted for surface passivation of CMOS photovoltaic devices in order to reduce the surface recombination and thus increase the short-circuit current. Compared to other passivation techniques such as thermal oxidation or PECVD oxide deposition that requires high-temperature atmosphere,
supercritical CO2
fluid is a low-temperature process that is much suitable to serve as the back-end process for CMOS photovoltaic devices. Afterward, a metal-assisted chemical etching process is then conducted to produce random silicon nanowire array to reduce the surface reflectivity from originally 30~40% down to only 2~4%. Enlarge surface area in silicon nanowire array also leads to a higher oxygen content after
supercritical CO2
fluid treatment, as compared to planar surface. All efforts lead to an ultimate efficiency of 21.22% in silicon nanowire decorated back-contact CMOS photovoltaic devices.
Advisors/Committee Members: Li-Wei Tu (chair), Tsung-Ming Tsai (chair), An-Kuo Chu (chair), Poki Chen (chair), Yung-Jr Hung (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Supercritical CO2 fluid; MaCE; Conversion Efficiency; Nanowires; Back contact CMOS photovoltaics
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APA (6th Edition):
Chen, J. (2015). Enhanced Conversion Efficiency in Back-Contact CMOS Photovoltaic Devices by Surface Engineering. (Thesis). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0628115-143442
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chen, Jia-fa. “Enhanced Conversion Efficiency in Back-Contact CMOS Photovoltaic Devices by Surface Engineering.” 2015. Thesis, NSYSU. Accessed March 05, 2021.
http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0628115-143442.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chen, Jia-fa. “Enhanced Conversion Efficiency in Back-Contact CMOS Photovoltaic Devices by Surface Engineering.” 2015. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Chen J. Enhanced Conversion Efficiency in Back-Contact CMOS Photovoltaic Devices by Surface Engineering. [Internet] [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0628115-143442.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Chen J. Enhanced Conversion Efficiency in Back-Contact CMOS Photovoltaic Devices by Surface Engineering. [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2015. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0628115-143442
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
24.
Pelisson, Leidimara.
Produção de biodiesel por meio de fluidos pressurizados e sua caracterização utilizando cromatografia gasosa de alta resolução (HRGC).
Degree: PhD, Química Analítica e Inorgânica, 2013, University of São Paulo
URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75135/tde-24102013-110316/
;
► O esgotamento das reservas de petróleo, bem como o impacto ambiental que o seu processamento provoca, tem induzido a busca por fontes alternativas de energia…
(more)
▼ O esgotamento das reservas de petróleo, bem como o impacto ambiental que o seu processamento provoca, tem induzido a busca por fontes alternativas de energia para substituir os fósseis de petróleo como combustível automotivo. No Brasil, o crescimento do agronegócio e o consequente uso dos seus produtos e resíduos de fontes vegetais, favoreceram incríveis descobertas tais como matérias-primas para biocombustíveis, incluindo bioetanol derivado de cana de açúcar e biodiesel de óleos vegetais. Neste sentido, o biodiesel tem recebido bastante destaque nos últimos anos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi a para produção de biodiesel de óleo de soja empregando metanol ou etanol como álcoois pressurizados, além da análise da influencia da adição de água nas melhores condições alcançadas. Para tal, uma unidade experimental de bancada foi construída. Para investigação das variáveis que influenciam o rendimento das reações no sistema estudado, um planejamento fatorial 23 foi adotado, no qual foram investigados os efeitos da temperatura (180 e 300°C), do tempo de residência (10 minutos e 1 hora), da razão molar óleo:etanol (1:10 e 1:50), e da concentração de água (0 a 10% massa em relação ao óleo) sobre a conversão em ésteres da reação, que foi monitorada por cromatografia gasosa de alta resolução. Observou-se que a temperatura tem forte influência na conversão em ésteres da reação, com os melhores resultados para metanol ou etanol (95% de conversão) tendo sido obtidos na temperatura de 300°C. A adição de agua (2,5 e 5,0% em relação ao óleo) ocasionou um leve aumento na conversão (98%) para ambos metanol e etanol. Então, conclui-se então, que condições similares no rendimento do biodiesel de óleo de soja em reator batelada foi obtido utilizando metanol ou etanol pressurizados em condições supercriticas. Este trabalho também propõe uma nova metodologia para análise de acilgliceróis.
The depletion of petroleum reserves coupled with the environmental impact caused by the form of its industrial processing lead a frantic search for alternative energy sources to replace fossil petroleum as automotive fuel. In Brazil, the growth of agribusiness and the consequent use of its products and resides of vegetable sources, brought exciting discoveries such as feedstock biofuels, including bioethanol derived from sugar cane and biodiesel from vegetable oil. In this since, the biodiesel has been receiving singular attention at last years. The objective of this present study was producing biodiesel from soybean oil using methanol or ethanol as alcohol pressurized beyond the analysis of the influence of added water under optimum conditions achieved. For such, an experimental unity was built. To investigate the variables influencing in the yield of the reaction in the system studied, an experimental planning using 23 arranged was adopted, in which was investigated the effects of temperature (220 and 300°C) residence time (10 minutes and 1 hour) and molar ration (oil/alcohol) (1:10 and 1:50). After, the addition of water to the system…
Advisors/Committee Members: Lanças, Fernando Mauro.
Subjects/Keywords: biodiesel; biodiesel; etanol; ethanol; fluidos supercrítico; supercritical fluid
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Pelisson, L. (2013). Produção de biodiesel por meio de fluidos pressurizados e sua caracterização utilizando cromatografia gasosa de alta resolução (HRGC). (Doctoral Dissertation). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75135/tde-24102013-110316/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Pelisson, Leidimara. “Produção de biodiesel por meio de fluidos pressurizados e sua caracterização utilizando cromatografia gasosa de alta resolução (HRGC).” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of São Paulo. Accessed March 05, 2021.
http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75135/tde-24102013-110316/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Pelisson, Leidimara. “Produção de biodiesel por meio de fluidos pressurizados e sua caracterização utilizando cromatografia gasosa de alta resolução (HRGC).” 2013. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Pelisson L. Produção de biodiesel por meio de fluidos pressurizados e sua caracterização utilizando cromatografia gasosa de alta resolução (HRGC). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of São Paulo; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75135/tde-24102013-110316/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Pelisson L. Produção de biodiesel por meio de fluidos pressurizados e sua caracterização utilizando cromatografia gasosa de alta resolução (HRGC). [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of São Paulo; 2013. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75135/tde-24102013-110316/ ;
University of Alberta
25.
Jones, Christopher Robert.
Treatment of oily drill cuttings slurries using
supercritical carbon dioxide.
Degree: MS, Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, 2010, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/9019s2885
► Research was conducted into using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for removing hydrocarbons from drill cuttings slurries, which will be used in a pilot-scale continuous SFE…
(more)
▼ Research was conducted into using supercritical fluid
extraction (SFE) for removing hydrocarbons from drill cuttings
slurries, which will be used in a pilot-scale continuous SFE system
currently under development. A laboratory-scale batch SFE system
employing supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) was used in this
research. Based on the measured hydrocarbon solubility and apparent
hydrocarbon solubility in supercritical CO2, conditions of 14.5 MPa
and 40 °C were selected for SFE treatment. The slurries require a
minimum water to drill cuttings ratio of 1:1 (mass basis) to be
“free-flowing” and therefore suitable for treatment in a continuous
system. Water in the slurries leads to lower hydrocarbon extraction
efficiencies during SFE treatment compared to the treatment of
drill cuttings without slurrying. However, effective mixing and
introduction of the supercritical CO2 at the bottom of the
extraction vessel resulted in treated slurries containing less than
1% hydrocarbons (dry mass basis).
Subjects/Keywords: supercritical fluid; extraction; hydrocarbon; water; drill cuttings; slurry; carbon dioxide
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APA (6th Edition):
Jones, C. R. (2010). Treatment of oily drill cuttings slurries using
supercritical carbon dioxide. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/9019s2885
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Jones, Christopher Robert. “Treatment of oily drill cuttings slurries using
supercritical carbon dioxide.” 2010. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed March 05, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/9019s2885.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Jones, Christopher Robert. “Treatment of oily drill cuttings slurries using
supercritical carbon dioxide.” 2010. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Jones CR. Treatment of oily drill cuttings slurries using
supercritical carbon dioxide. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/9019s2885.
Council of Science Editors:
Jones CR. Treatment of oily drill cuttings slurries using
supercritical carbon dioxide. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2010. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/9019s2885
Cornell University
26.
Mustapha, Nor Afizah.
Functionalization Of Whey Protein By Reactive Supercritical Fluid Extrusion (Rscfx).
Degree: PhD, Food Science and Technology, 2013, Cornell University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/34329
► Reactive supercritical fluid extrusion (RSCFX) is a novel integrated process for controlled chemical reactions and continuous generation of expanded extrudates of modified functionalities. Twin screw…
(more)
▼ Reactive
supercritical fluid extrusion (RSCFX) is a novel integrated process for controlled chemical reactions and continuous generation of expanded extrudates of modified functionalities. Twin screw extruders are ideally suited for highly viscous materials due to their excellent mixing abilities which help maximize reaction rates. Beyond their superior nutritional qualities, whey proteins are also utilized for thickening, stabilization and emulsification of food formulations following pH adjustment and heat treatment to induce protein denaturation and aggregation. Creating cold-gelling and thickening functionalities in whey protein for use in food system where heating is undesirable remains a challenge. Also, replacing starch-based thickeners with a whey protein ingredient may be attractive to diet -conscious consumers. The aim of this work was to alter and quantify the functional properties of whey proteins by RSCFX proc essing to create novel dairy ingredients for food applications. Texturized whey protein concentrate (TWPC) at acidic condition (pH 3.0) were made by RSCFX and the effect s of addition of starch, calcium (0.3 and 0.6 %, w/w), and extrusion temperature (50, 70 and 90 °C) on selected physicochemical properties of the modified protein were evaluated. TWPC exhibited 200 - to 300-fold higher viscosities than non-texturized WPC at various concentrations (6-26%, w/w TWPC) and formed cold-set gels at 20 % (w/w) upon reconstitution in water. Starch-containing samples (TWPC-S) were less soluble, consisted of larger protein aggregates (1.527 [mu]m), but had 1.2-1.4-fold higher apparent viscosity than TWPC alone because of synergistic interactions between the two biopolymers. TWPC without the starch and at lower calcium level (0.3%) ha d smaller protein aggregates (0.996 [mu]m) with higher solubility. TWPC alone extruded at 50 °C (TWPC-50) and 70 °C (TWPC-70) formed soft-textured aggregates with high solubility in water (77-79 %) than that extruded at 90 °C (TWPC -90) with a solubility of 24%. Total free sulfhydryl contents and solubility studies in selected buffers indicated that non-covalent interactions were prevalent in stabilizing the TWPC aggregates. TWPC extruded at 90 °C showed an increase in aromatic hydrophobicity and a decrease in aliphatic hydrophobicity indicating changes in protein structures. Secondary gelation occurred in TWPC -50 and TWPC-70 when the cold-set gels were heated to 95 °C, while TWPC-90 showed excellent thermal stability. Factors such as the degree of protein denaturation, exposure of hydrophobic groups, and cross -linking influenced the intermolecular associations and improved the cold-set and second-stage heat-induced gelation of TWPCs. Compared to non-texturized WPC, TWPC formed stable oil-in-water emulsions at lower protein concentrations. However, the presence of starch in TWPC impeded emulsifying properties. TWPCs were able to form cold-set emulsion gels containing 40 to 80% (w/w) that were stabilized by 4 to 12% (w/w) protein and had smaller mean droplet sizes as opposed to…
Advisors/Committee Members: Rizvi, Syed S H (chair), Caffarella, Rosemary S. (committee member), Moraru, Carmen I (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Supercritical fluid extrusion; Texturized whey protein; Cold-set gelation
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APA (6th Edition):
Mustapha, N. A. (2013). Functionalization Of Whey Protein By Reactive Supercritical Fluid Extrusion (Rscfx). (Doctoral Dissertation). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/34329
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mustapha, Nor Afizah. “Functionalization Of Whey Protein By Reactive Supercritical Fluid Extrusion (Rscfx).” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Cornell University. Accessed March 05, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1813/34329.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mustapha, Nor Afizah. “Functionalization Of Whey Protein By Reactive Supercritical Fluid Extrusion (Rscfx).” 2013. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Mustapha NA. Functionalization Of Whey Protein By Reactive Supercritical Fluid Extrusion (Rscfx). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cornell University; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/34329.
Council of Science Editors:
Mustapha NA. Functionalization Of Whey Protein By Reactive Supercritical Fluid Extrusion (Rscfx). [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cornell University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/34329
Universidade Estadual de Campinas
27.
Zabot, Giovani Leone, 1988-.
Obtaining bioactive compounds from clove and rosemary using supercritical technology: influence of the bed geometry, process intensification and cost of manufacturing of extracts = Obtenção de compostos bioativos de cravo-da-índia e alecrim utilizando tecnologia supercrítica: influência da geometria do leito, intensificação de processos de extração e custo de manufatura dos extratos: Obtenção de compostos bioativos de cravo-da-índia e alecrim utilizando tecnologia supercrítica: influência da geometria do leito, intensificação de processos de extração e custo de manufatura dos extratos.
Degree: 2015, Universidade Estadual de Campinas
URL: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254901
► Abstract: Natural substances extracted from plants present functional properties which are preferable against the synthetic ones, being useful in formulating bioproducts and in the pharmaceutical…
(more)
▼ Abstract: Natural substances extracted from plants present functional properties which are preferable against the synthetic ones, being useful in formulating bioproducts and in the pharmaceutical area. Novel extraction techniques, as the use of
supercritical fluids, are acquiring notoriety by providing the selective extraction of bioactive compounds with high quality. In the
supercritical technology field, researches are performed to increase the extraction yield by changing process conditions (i.e., pressure, temperature). However, there is a need for further techno-economic discriminations about the influence of other variables, as the bed geometry. Thus, we performed the evaluation of the
supercritical CO2 extraction of clove and rosemary bioactive compounds using a laboratory equipment containing two extractors of 1 L with different height (HB) to bed diameter (DB) ratios. Bed 1 (E-1) and 2 (E-2) present HB/DB ratios of 7.1 and 2.7, respectively. Two criteria used for geometry shift and scale up were applied: (1) maintaining the solvent interstitial velocity equal in both bed geometries; and (2) maintaining the solvent mass to feed mass (S/F) ratio equal in both bed geometries for a fixed processing time. According to the kinetic results of extraction yields and chemical composition, the criterion (1) is not indicated for
supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of rosemary compounds. Criterion (2) is suitable for obtaining clove extract, because the extraction curves profiles were similar in E-1 and E-2. We evaluated the extraction curves in relationship to kinetic parameters as mass transfer rate, duration of constant extraction rate (CER) and falling extraction rate (FER) periods, extraction yield and mass ratio of solute in the
fluid phase. However, criterion (2) is inappropriate for obtaining rosemary bioactive compounds. E-2 provided extraction yields up to 86% higher than E-1. The difference was more pronounced in the end of FER period. We observed differences on the cost of manufacturing (COM) of rosemary extracts simulated by SuperPro Designer 8.5®. COM¿s were 23% lower in E-2 than in E-1 for an industrial plant of 2 extractors of 100 L. With respect to rosemary, major terpenoids as 1,8-cineole and camphor were extracted with
supercritical CO2, while some phenolic compounds were low (carnosic acid) or no extracted (rosmarinic acid) using SFE. Thus, process intensification concept was used for becoming possible the extraction of two fractions of bioactive compounds found in rosemary. The procedure comprised the initial extraction of the terpenoids-rich fraction with
supercritical CO2 (SFE-CO2) and, thereafter, in the same equipment without unloading the bed, performing the extraction of the polyphenols-rich fraction with pressurized water (PWE). Approximately 2.5 wt.% (dry basis) of volatile oil containing terpenoids and 18.6 wt.% (dry basis) of non-volatile extract containing phenolic terpenes were obtained in separated fractions. We developed and validated an analytical method for quantifying phenolic…
Advisors/Committee Members: UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS (CRUESP), Petenate, Maria Angela de Almeida Meireles, 1953- (advisor), Meireles, Maria Angela de Almeida, 1953- (advisor), Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (institution), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos (nameofprogram), Oliveira, Alessandra Lopes de (committee member), Santos, Diego Tresinari dos (committee member), Mazutti, Marcio Antonio (committee member), Cavalcanti, Rodrigo Nunes (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Fluido supercritico; Eugenol; Ácido rosmarínico; Supercritical fluid; Eugenol; Rosmarinic acid
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Zabot, Giovani Leone, 1. (2015). Obtaining bioactive compounds from clove and rosemary using supercritical technology: influence of the bed geometry, process intensification and cost of manufacturing of extracts = Obtenção de compostos bioativos de cravo-da-índia e alecrim utilizando tecnologia supercrítica: influência da geometria do leito, intensificação de processos de extração e custo de manufatura dos extratos: Obtenção de compostos bioativos de cravo-da-índia e alecrim utilizando tecnologia supercrítica: influência da geometria do leito, intensificação de processos de extração e custo de manufatura dos extratos. (Thesis). Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Retrieved from http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254901
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Zabot, Giovani Leone, 1988-. “Obtaining bioactive compounds from clove and rosemary using supercritical technology: influence of the bed geometry, process intensification and cost of manufacturing of extracts = Obtenção de compostos bioativos de cravo-da-índia e alecrim utilizando tecnologia supercrítica: influência da geometria do leito, intensificação de processos de extração e custo de manufatura dos extratos: Obtenção de compostos bioativos de cravo-da-índia e alecrim utilizando tecnologia supercrítica: influência da geometria do leito, intensificação de processos de extração e custo de manufatura dos extratos.” 2015. Thesis, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Accessed March 05, 2021.
http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254901.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Zabot, Giovani Leone, 1988-. “Obtaining bioactive compounds from clove and rosemary using supercritical technology: influence of the bed geometry, process intensification and cost of manufacturing of extracts = Obtenção de compostos bioativos de cravo-da-índia e alecrim utilizando tecnologia supercrítica: influência da geometria do leito, intensificação de processos de extração e custo de manufatura dos extratos: Obtenção de compostos bioativos de cravo-da-índia e alecrim utilizando tecnologia supercrítica: influência da geometria do leito, intensificação de processos de extração e custo de manufatura dos extratos.” 2015. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Zabot, Giovani Leone 1. Obtaining bioactive compounds from clove and rosemary using supercritical technology: influence of the bed geometry, process intensification and cost of manufacturing of extracts = Obtenção de compostos bioativos de cravo-da-índia e alecrim utilizando tecnologia supercrítica: influência da geometria do leito, intensificação de processos de extração e custo de manufatura dos extratos: Obtenção de compostos bioativos de cravo-da-índia e alecrim utilizando tecnologia supercrítica: influência da geometria do leito, intensificação de processos de extração e custo de manufatura dos extratos. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254901.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Zabot, Giovani Leone 1. Obtaining bioactive compounds from clove and rosemary using supercritical technology: influence of the bed geometry, process intensification and cost of manufacturing of extracts = Obtenção de compostos bioativos de cravo-da-índia e alecrim utilizando tecnologia supercrítica: influência da geometria do leito, intensificação de processos de extração e custo de manufatura dos extratos: Obtenção de compostos bioativos de cravo-da-índia e alecrim utilizando tecnologia supercrítica: influência da geometria do leito, intensificação de processos de extração e custo de manufatura dos extratos. [Thesis]. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2015. Available from: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254901
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Stellenbosch University
28.
Louw, Jeanne.
Supercritical water gasification of wood-related products: a thermodynamic and experimental study.
Degree: PhD, Process Engineering, 2016, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/100099
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a method through which energy can be harvested, allowing high-‐energy gases such as hydrogen and methane to be…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Supercritical water gasification (SCWG)
is a method through which energy can be harvested, allowing
high-‐energy gases such as hydrogen and methane to be generated from wet organic materials without prior energy-‐intensive drying. This thesis provides new insight into and an
improved understanding of both the thermodynamic equilibrium and practical kinetic behaviour during SCWG of three wood-‐derived products, namely wood chips, primary
paper sludge and wood-‐based pyrolysis char.
A method, based on thermodynamic equilibrium calculations
and the feedstock composition (molar H/C and O/C ratio) was
developed to aid in the selection of suitable feed material and operating conditions for SCWG1. It was shown that, thermodynamically, feed material containing less oxygen, such as pyrolysis char, might be a promising feed material to achieve high H2 and CH4 yields as well as a gas product with
a high calorific value.
Experimental and theoretical thermodynamic equilibrium results are presented for SCWG of primary paper waste sludge (PWS)2, E.grandis wood chips and various related pyrolysis chars3. The effect of various parameters that
may influence the kinetic behaviour were assessed,
including catalyst type, catalyst loading, reaction time
and feedstock composition (specifically O/C ratio and volatile
matter content).
A gas product relatively close to the calculated thermodynamic composition was produced during SCWG
of PWS and E.grandis using a high loading of heterogeneous
catalyst (0.5 – 1 g/gfeed,dry Ni/Al2O3-‐SiO2) and longer
reaction times (60 – 120 min). Furthermore, significantly
higher conversion of carbon to the gas phase was achieved
with Ni/Al2O3-‐SiO2 than with a homogeneous catalyst (K2CO3). While feed material with lower O/C ratios typically resulted in higher thermodynamic equilibrium CH4 yields and gasification efficiencies, these feed material resulted in
the lowest experimental CH4 yields and gasification efficiencies. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the carbon efficiency (CE) and both the volatile matter content and O/C ratio of the feed material was found to hold true in
both catalytic and non-‐catalytic experiments.
The results suggest that, although thermodynamic calculations disregard the volatile matter content of the feed material, very useful predictive information can still be obtained from such calculations. It should therefore not
be disregarded when considering a specific material as possible feedstock for SCWG.
To summarise, this dissertation provides more insight into
both the thermodynamic equilibrium and possible kinetic effects associated with SCWG for various wood-‐related products. The major contributions are encapsulated in three
peer reviewed journal publications.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Superkritiese water vergassing
(SKWVG) is 'n metode waardeur hoë-‐energie gasse soos
waterstof en metaan geproduseer kan word deur van nat
organiese materiaal as voer materiaal gebruik te maak sonder
energie-‐intensiewe…
Advisors/Committee Members: Burger, A. J., Schwarz, C. E., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Process Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Supercritical fluid extraction; Wood products; Thermodynamic equilibrium; Coal gasification; UCTD
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APA (6th Edition):
Louw, J. (2016). Supercritical water gasification of wood-related products: a thermodynamic and experimental study. (Doctoral Dissertation). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/100099
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Louw, Jeanne. “Supercritical water gasification of wood-related products: a thermodynamic and experimental study.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Stellenbosch University. Accessed March 05, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/100099.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Louw, Jeanne. “Supercritical water gasification of wood-related products: a thermodynamic and experimental study.” 2016. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Louw J. Supercritical water gasification of wood-related products: a thermodynamic and experimental study. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/100099.
Council of Science Editors:
Louw J. Supercritical water gasification of wood-related products: a thermodynamic and experimental study. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/100099
NSYSU
29.
Liu, Hsi-Wen.
Electrical Analysis and Reliability in Advanced Metal Oxide Semiconductor Capacitance and Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors / Fin Field Effect Transistors.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2018, NSYSU
URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0723118-033035
► Metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) have the advantages of low manufacturing cost, low power consumption and easy scaling down. They are widely used in the IC industry,…
(more)
▼ Metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) have the advantages of low manufacturing cost, low power consumption and easy scaling down. They are widely used in the IC industry, and the MOSFETs continue to shrink with the Moore's Law. When the gate oxide layer is shrunk to a thickness of only 1 nm, the quantum tunneling effect becomes very serious at this scale, resulting in extremely large gate leakage and reliability problems.
To continue the scaling down, gate leakage current is the primary problem that must be solved. Therefore, high dielectric constant oxides have been introduced as a solution. The high dielectric constant oxide is grown on the top of SiO2, which allows the gate oxide layer to have a thicker physical thickness and better transistor characteristics. Among many high dielectric constant materials, hafnium-based oxide is the most suitable material for high dielectric gate oxide due to its comprehensive properties. However, pure HfO2 has a low crystallization temperature. It is easy to crystallize after high temperature treatment, causing an increase in gate leakage current. Therefore, additional elements such as N, Si, Al, Ti, Ta and La have been doped into the high-k gate dielectrics to increase crystallization temperature. In addition, dipole can be formed in the oxide layer due to the difference in oxygen density. The dipole can be used to modulate the threshold voltage.
The first part of this dissertation uses metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitance (MOSCAP) to investigate the doping dipole in HfO2 effect the electrical characteristic and reliability. We found that the capacitance of gate oxide is increased and gate leakage is decreased in dipole doped sample, but in positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) test is deteriorates severely in dipole doped sample. We consider the explanation is energy band bending due to dipole which causing the electrons has more kinetic energy after tunneling from Si to HfO2, so it is easier to trap and generate defects. In addition, time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) reliability statistics shows the dielectric breakdown correspond to the Weibull distribution, and the dipole doped sample has a shorter lifetime under the same gate voltage.
In the second part, we use our laboratory's low temperature
supercritical fluid processing technology to perform
supercritical hydridation, fluoridation, and nitridation on MOSCAPs. In the
supercritical hydridation and fluoridation treatment, There is no obvious change in the electrical characteristics for control sample and dipole sample., but in the reliability test of TDDB, the lifetime of both devices becomes longer. We think this is because
supercritical hydridation and fluoridation can repair dangling bond at HfO2/SiO2 interface.
In the third part, we used MOSFET to compare the effects of hot carrier degradation (HCD) of zirconium doped into HfO2. Previous n-MOSFET studies have shown that zirconium-doped hafnium oxide reduces charge trapping and improves PBTI. In this study, a significant reduction…
Advisors/Committee Members: Min-Chuan, Wang (chair), Pei-Chin, Chiu (chair), Kuang-Yu, Hsieh (chair), Chi-Wen, Chen (chair), Barry Lin (chair), Ting-Chang, Chang (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: supercritical fluid treatment; P/NBTI; reliability; MOSFET; dipole doping; MOSCAP
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Liu, H. (2018). Electrical Analysis and Reliability in Advanced Metal Oxide Semiconductor Capacitance and Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors / Fin Field Effect Transistors. (Doctoral Dissertation). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0723118-033035
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Liu, Hsi-Wen. “Electrical Analysis and Reliability in Advanced Metal Oxide Semiconductor Capacitance and Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors / Fin Field Effect Transistors.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, NSYSU. Accessed March 05, 2021.
http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0723118-033035.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Liu, Hsi-Wen. “Electrical Analysis and Reliability in Advanced Metal Oxide Semiconductor Capacitance and Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors / Fin Field Effect Transistors.” 2018. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Liu H. Electrical Analysis and Reliability in Advanced Metal Oxide Semiconductor Capacitance and Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors / Fin Field Effect Transistors. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NSYSU; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0723118-033035.
Council of Science Editors:
Liu H. Electrical Analysis and Reliability in Advanced Metal Oxide Semiconductor Capacitance and Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors / Fin Field Effect Transistors. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NSYSU; 2018. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0723118-033035
Oregon State University
30.
Tang, Yi-Min.
Itraconazole formation using supercritical carbon dioxide.
Degree: MS, Chemical Engineering, 2000, Oregon State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33376
Subjects/Keywords: Supercritical fluid extraction – Mathematical models
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Tang, Y. (2000). Itraconazole formation using supercritical carbon dioxide. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33376
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Tang, Yi-Min. “Itraconazole formation using supercritical carbon dioxide.” 2000. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed March 05, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33376.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Tang, Yi-Min. “Itraconazole formation using supercritical carbon dioxide.” 2000. Web. 05 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Tang Y. Itraconazole formation using supercritical carbon dioxide. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 2000. [cited 2021 Mar 05].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33376.
Council of Science Editors:
Tang Y. Itraconazole formation using supercritical carbon dioxide. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 2000. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33376
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Open Access Theses and Dissertations