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University of Edinburgh
1.
McGarvey, Alison Clare.
Genome-wide transcriptional characterisation and investigation of the murine niche for developing haematopoietic stem cells.
Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Edinburgh
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28741 
► Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are capable of differentiation into all mature haematopoietic lineages, as well as long-term self-renewal and are consequently able to sustain the…
(more)
▼ Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are capable of differentiation into all mature haematopoietic lineages, as well as long-term self-renewal and are consequently able to sustain the adult haematopoietic system throughout life. Currently, in the mouse, HSCs are understood to first appear in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region at embryonic day 11 via a process of maturation from precursors (pre-HSCs). This maturation within the AGM region involves the complex interplay of signalling between cells of the niche and maturing precursor cell populations, but is relatively little understood at a molecular level. Recently our understanding of the AGM region has been refined, identifying the progression from E9.5 to E10.5 and the polarity along the dorso-ventral axis as clear demarcations of the supportive environment for HSC maturation. In this thesis, I investigated the molecular characteristics of these spatio-temporal transitions in the AGM region through the application of RNA-sequencing. This enabled the identification of molecular signatures which may underlie the supportive functionality of the niche. I further compared these expression signatures to the transcriptional profile of an independent cell type, also capable of supporting HSC maturation, the OP9 stromal cell line. By combining this transcriptional information with an ex vivo culture system, I screened a number of molecules for their ability to support HSC maturation from early precursors, leading to the discovery of a novel regulator of HSC maturation: BMPER. Further characterisation of this molecule enabled the identification of its specific cellular source and the proposal that through its action as an inhibitor of BMP signalling it facilitates the maturation of precursors into HSCs. These results lend further detail and support to the role of BMP signalling in the regulation of HSC maturation as well as demonstrating the potential of these transcriptional profiles to yield novel mechanistic insight.
Subjects/Keywords: stem cell; haematopoietic stem cells
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APA (6th Edition):
McGarvey, A. C. (2017). Genome-wide transcriptional characterisation and investigation of the murine niche for developing haematopoietic stem cells. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Edinburgh. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28741
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
McGarvey, Alison Clare. “Genome-wide transcriptional characterisation and investigation of the murine niche for developing haematopoietic stem cells.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Edinburgh. Accessed February 25, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28741.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
McGarvey, Alison Clare. “Genome-wide transcriptional characterisation and investigation of the murine niche for developing haematopoietic stem cells.” 2017. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
McGarvey AC. Genome-wide transcriptional characterisation and investigation of the murine niche for developing haematopoietic stem cells. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Edinburgh; 2017. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28741.
Council of Science Editors:
McGarvey AC. Genome-wide transcriptional characterisation and investigation of the murine niche for developing haematopoietic stem cells. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Edinburgh; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28741
Cornell University
2.
Chen, Kai-Yuan.
Dynamic Regulation Of Intestinal Stem Cell Niche And Colon Cancer Stem Cell Division
.
Degree: 2016, Cornell University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/43652
► Tissue homeostasis requires rigorous control mechanisms for stem cell division and maintenance of a stable stem cell niche. Cancer stem cells are a subgroup of…
(more)
▼ Tissue homeostasis requires rigorous control mechanisms for
stem cell division and maintenance of a stable
stem cell niche. Cancer
stem cells are a subgroup of cancer cells that possess
stem cell-like properties, including self-renewal and differentiation, but have subverted the control apparatus. We have identified that the tumor suppressor miR-34a, a noncoding small RNA targeting Notch, plays an important role regulating the division of colon cancer
stem cells (CCSCs) and, in turn. controls the bimodality of heterogeneous population of colonic tumors. Moreover, we find out miR-34a directly suppresses the canonical
cell fate determinant Numb to form an incoherent feedforward loop (iFFL) that enhances bimodality of CCSC
cell fate determination. Integrative high-throughput analysis suggests that CCSCs and non-CCSCs might globally adopt reprogrammed metabolic functions leading to differential epigenetic regulation. In the normal intestine
stem cell (ISC) niche, ISCs and Paneth cells form a stable pattern to control
stem cell behavior. However, how the pattern manages to dynamically recover from damage is unclear. A novel optical approach integrating a highprecision femtosecond photo-ablation laser and in vivo imaging system revealed robust pattern recovery after local perturbation in intestine
stem cell niche. Computationally and experimentally, we discovered a Notch1 positive feedback (PF) critical to regulate ISC selfrenewal and regeneration. In this dissertation, the integrative engineering approaches led us to understand dynamic regulation of normal ISCs and CCSCs. iii
Advisors/Committee Members: Shuler,Michael Louis (committeeMember), Varner,Jeffrey D. (committeeMember).
Subjects/Keywords: intestine stem cell;
cancer stem cell;
Notch
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APA (6th Edition):
Chen, K. (2016). Dynamic Regulation Of Intestinal Stem Cell Niche And Colon Cancer Stem Cell Division
. (Thesis). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/43652
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chen, Kai-Yuan. “Dynamic Regulation Of Intestinal Stem Cell Niche And Colon Cancer Stem Cell Division
.” 2016. Thesis, Cornell University. Accessed February 25, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1813/43652.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chen, Kai-Yuan. “Dynamic Regulation Of Intestinal Stem Cell Niche And Colon Cancer Stem Cell Division
.” 2016. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Chen K. Dynamic Regulation Of Intestinal Stem Cell Niche And Colon Cancer Stem Cell Division
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Cornell University; 2016. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/43652.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Chen K. Dynamic Regulation Of Intestinal Stem Cell Niche And Colon Cancer Stem Cell Division
. [Thesis]. Cornell University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/43652
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Minnesota
3.
Dalton, Joseph Patrick.
Improving the Differentiation of human pluripotent stem
cells to beta-cells.
Degree: MS, Stem cell biology, 2012, University of Minnesota
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/125281
► University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. April 2012. Major: Stem cell biology. Advisor: Meri Firpo. 1 computer file (PDF); iv, 71 pages.
Human pluripotent stem cells…
(more)
▼ University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. April 2012.
Major: Stem cell biology. Advisor: Meri Firpo. 1 computer file
(PDF); iv, 71 pages.
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have the
ability to differentiate into any cell type within the body, thus
holding the potential for treating the beta-cell loss in type 1
diabetes through a cell replacement therapy. Though effective
protocols have been produced for creating beta-cells from hPSCs,
the efficiency of this process can be improved to yield more
beta-cells. Here, we hypothesized that the addition of the hormones
prolactin and human growth hormone to our established
differentiation protocol will result in more beta-cells or
beta-cell progenitors. This is based on work with isolated
pancreatic islets, which showed that these hormones are able to
stimulate proliferation of mature beta-cells and increase islet
volume. And as much of the work with these hormones has been in
rodent islets, we also present data showing that prolactin is able
to stimulate cell division and islet growth in human islets. Any
influences of the hormones were observed through gene expression
analysis and a cell-death assay. This work will inform future work
on creating beta-cells from hPSCs, and hopefully move the potential
therapy closer to the clinic.
Advisors/Committee Members: Meri Firpo.
Subjects/Keywords: Stem cell biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Dalton, J. P. (2012). Improving the Differentiation of human pluripotent stem
cells to beta-cells. (Masters Thesis). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://purl.umn.edu/125281
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Dalton, Joseph Patrick. “Improving the Differentiation of human pluripotent stem
cells to beta-cells.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Minnesota. Accessed February 25, 2020.
http://purl.umn.edu/125281.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Dalton, Joseph Patrick. “Improving the Differentiation of human pluripotent stem
cells to beta-cells.” 2012. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Dalton JP. Improving the Differentiation of human pluripotent stem
cells to beta-cells. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/125281.
Council of Science Editors:
Dalton JP. Improving the Differentiation of human pluripotent stem
cells to beta-cells. [Masters Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2012. Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/125281
University of Minnesota
4.
Sajini, Abdulrahim Abdulrahman M.
Loss of Oct4 expression during the development of murine
embryoid bodies.
Degree: MS, Stem cell biology, 2012, University of Minnesota
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/125521
► University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. April 2012. Major: Stem cell biology. Advisor: James Dutton. 1 computer file (PDF); vi, 52 pages, appendix p. 52.
We…
(more)
▼ University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. April 2012.
Major: Stem cell biology. Advisor: James Dutton. 1 computer file
(PDF); vi, 52 pages, appendix p. 52.
We describe the internal organization of murine
embryoid bodies (EBs) in terms of the structures and cell types
formed as Oct4 expression becomes progressively lost. This is done
by making the EBs from iPS cells carrying an inducible and
permanent Oct4 reporter (Oct4-MerCreMer;mTmG). When these EBs are
treated with tamoxifen, the Oct4 expressing cells switch from a red
to a green fluorescence color, and this is maintained thereafter by
their progeny. We show that there is no specific pattern in which
Oct4 is downregulated, rather it appears to be spatially random.
The earliest cells to lose Oct4 expression are internal and stain
positive for -fetoprotein (AFP) indicating that they are visceral
endoderm. However, GATA4, characteristic of primitive endoderm, was
found in Oct4-expressing cells at this stage. This indicates that
the first formed visceral endoderm does not arise from primitive
endoderm, a difference from normal embryonic development. Contrary
to previous reports, our EBs did not form a layer of primitive
endoderm, or visceral endoderm, around the outside. Markers of the
early body axis, BRACHYURY (T) and FOXA2, behaved somewhat
differently from each other. BRA, which marks the early mesoderm,
node and notochord, arises in Oct4 expressing cells on days 3-4.
FOXA2, which marks the floor plate of the neural tube and
definitive endoderm, as well as the node and notochord, arises at
the same time but mostly in cells that have already lost Oct4
expression. Although there is usually a concentration of T or FOXA2
cells in one region of the EB, the morphology is not predictable
and there are also scattered cells expressing these markers.
Several clumps of cardiomyocytes are visible by day 7 of EB
development, and we show that the cells forming these clumps lose
Oct4 expression between days 3 and 5. Overall, our results indicate
that EBs recapitulate normal development quite well in terms of the
tempo of events and the appearance of specific markers, but they do
not resemble embryos in terms of their morphology and structure,
which is contrary to the previous reports.
Advisors/Committee Members: James Dutton.
Subjects/Keywords: Stem cell biology
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Sajini, A. A. M. (2012). Loss of Oct4 expression during the development of murine
embryoid bodies. (Masters Thesis). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://purl.umn.edu/125521
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sajini, Abdulrahim Abdulrahman M. “Loss of Oct4 expression during the development of murine
embryoid bodies.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Minnesota. Accessed February 25, 2020.
http://purl.umn.edu/125521.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sajini, Abdulrahim Abdulrahman M. “Loss of Oct4 expression during the development of murine
embryoid bodies.” 2012. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Sajini AAM. Loss of Oct4 expression during the development of murine
embryoid bodies. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/125521.
Council of Science Editors:
Sajini AAM. Loss of Oct4 expression during the development of murine
embryoid bodies. [Masters Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2012. Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/125521
University of Minnesota
5.
Maher, Travis Joseph.
Side population cells possess a stem cell nature:
cytoprotection, proliferation, and role of functional recovery in
the murine heart.
Degree: 2011, University of Minnesota
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104285
► University of Minnesota. M.S. thesis. February 2011. Major: Stem cell biology. Advisor: Cindy Martin. 1 computer file (PDF); iv, 31 pages.
Stem and progenitor cell…
(more)
▼ University of Minnesota. M.S. thesis. February
2011. Major: Stem cell biology. Advisor: Cindy Martin. 1 computer
file (PDF); iv, 31 pages.
Stem and progenitor cell populations occupy a
specialized niche and are consequently exposed to hypoxic and
oxidative stresses. We have previously established that the
multidrug resistance protein Abcg2 is the molecular determinant of
the side population (SP) progenitor cell population. There is an
increase in Abcg2 expression, as well as increase in SP cell
number, following injury. Transcriptome analysis of the SP cells
isolated from the injured adult murine heart reveals enhanced
expression of cytoprotective transcripts. We have previously
demonstrated that hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) binds an
evolutionary conserved HIF-2 response element (HRE) in the murine
Abcg2 promoter and activates Abcg2 expression. Overexpression of
Abcg2 results in an increased ability to consume hydrogen peroxide.
Importantly, overexpression of Abcg2 also conferred a cell survival
benefit following exposure to hydrogen peroxide. In this study we
have demonstrated that cytoprotection is dependent upon Abcg2
functioning as an active transporter. In-vitro analysis revealed SP
cells proliferate in a delayed-onset manner, and such proliferation
was affected by exposure to oxidative stress. Cytoprotective
‘priming’ also served to increase SP cell long-term viability.
These results indicate that Abcg2 has a critical role in
cytoprotection and Abcg2-expressing cells have important potential
as progenitors in the adult.
Subjects/Keywords: Stem cell biology
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Maher, T. J. (2011). Side population cells possess a stem cell nature:
cytoprotection, proliferation, and role of functional recovery in
the murine heart. (Masters Thesis). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://purl.umn.edu/104285
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Maher, Travis Joseph. “Side population cells possess a stem cell nature:
cytoprotection, proliferation, and role of functional recovery in
the murine heart.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Minnesota. Accessed February 25, 2020.
http://purl.umn.edu/104285.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Maher, Travis Joseph. “Side population cells possess a stem cell nature:
cytoprotection, proliferation, and role of functional recovery in
the murine heart.” 2011. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Maher TJ. Side population cells possess a stem cell nature:
cytoprotection, proliferation, and role of functional recovery in
the murine heart. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2011. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/104285.
Council of Science Editors:
Maher TJ. Side population cells possess a stem cell nature:
cytoprotection, proliferation, and role of functional recovery in
the murine heart. [Masters Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2011. Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/104285
University of Minnesota
6.
Walsh, Patrick Joseph.
Modeling Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis Using Human
Pluripotent Stem Cells.
Degree: MS, Stem Cell Biology, 2011, University of Minnesota
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104296
► University of Minnesota Master of Science thesis. January 2011. Major: Stem Cell Biology. Advisor: Dan S. Kaufman. 1 computer file (PDF); iv, 46 pages.
This…
(more)
▼ University of Minnesota Master of Science thesis.
January 2011. Major: Stem Cell Biology. Advisor: Dan S. Kaufman. 1
computer file (PDF); iv, 46 pages.
This thesis outlines progress made in creating
several human pluripotent stem cell based models for studying
hematopoiesis. Induced pluripotent stem cells were generated from
human umbilical cord blood cells selected for the early
hematopoietic progenitor marker CD34. Furthermore, reprogramming
was attempted on primary leukemia samples to generate an induced
pluripotent stem cell line with a genetic background harboring the
mutations necessary for malignant hematopoiesis. Strategies for
manipulating human embryonic stem cells to either express the
bcr-abl oncogene or be deficient in the putative tumor suppressor
gene sh2b3 were also developed, both genes of which are linked to
the expansion of early hematopoietic progenitors.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dan S. Kaufman.
Subjects/Keywords: Stem Cell Biology
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Walsh, P. J. (2011). Modeling Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis Using Human
Pluripotent Stem Cells. (Masters Thesis). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://purl.umn.edu/104296
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Walsh, Patrick Joseph. “Modeling Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis Using Human
Pluripotent Stem Cells.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Minnesota. Accessed February 25, 2020.
http://purl.umn.edu/104296.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Walsh, Patrick Joseph. “Modeling Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis Using Human
Pluripotent Stem Cells.” 2011. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Walsh PJ. Modeling Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis Using Human
Pluripotent Stem Cells. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2011. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/104296.
Council of Science Editors:
Walsh PJ. Modeling Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis Using Human
Pluripotent Stem Cells. [Masters Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2011. Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/104296
University of Minnesota
7.
Boyce, Emma Jean.
The role of decellularized matrix in directing
differentiation of pancreatic progenitor cells in pancreatic
endocrine cell fate.
Degree: MS, Stem cell biology, 2011, University of Minnesota
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120078
► University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. Novemver 2011. Major: Stem cell biology. Advisor: James Dutton. 1 computer file (PDF); iii, 35 pages.
The direct differentiation of…
(more)
▼ University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. Novemver 2011.
Major: Stem cell biology. Advisor: James Dutton. 1 computer file
(PDF); iii, 35 pages.
The direct differentiation of induced pluripotent
stem cells derived from somatic cells and pancreatic progenitor
cells could generate functional β-cells that secrete insulin, and
are also glucose responsive. However, the cellular signals and
interactions between the pancreatic epithelium and its surrounding
mesenchyme that govern pancreatic specification and differentiation
of endoderm into pancreatic progenitor cells and eventually mature
beta cells are not fully understood. In this study, I examined
various conditions that would direct the induced pluripotent stem
cells (iPSCs) derived from a pdx1: GFP mouse, or normal pancreatic
progenitor cells, to predominately β cell fate. It involves the
“guided” differentiation of iPSCs to a pancreatic lineage and also
the use of a decellularized matrix to induce differentiation into.
A decellularized matrix may help mature β-cells since
decellularization has been shown to remove all the organ’s cells
while preserving the composition and biological activity of the
extracellular matrix1. Thus, decelluarization has several
advantages: it removes cells to avoid any immune response
post-implantation and maintains the native environment and membrane
components that provide cellular growth and maturation of β-cells.
The results showed that the guided differentiation of iPSCs by
activin A induced definitive endodermal and pancreatic progenitor
cells. Moreover, the decellularized matrix increased exocrine and
endocrine gene expression as compared to gelatin and fibronectin,
and assisted survival and maturation of all pancreatic cell types.
Hence, this novel approach would be useful to produce
insulin-expressing β-cells that are also glucose responsive and
generate surrogate cells for diabetes therapy.
Advisors/Committee Members: James Dutton.
Subjects/Keywords: Stem cell biology
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Boyce, E. J. (2011). The role of decellularized matrix in directing
differentiation of pancreatic progenitor cells in pancreatic
endocrine cell fate. (Masters Thesis). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://purl.umn.edu/120078
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Boyce, Emma Jean. “The role of decellularized matrix in directing
differentiation of pancreatic progenitor cells in pancreatic
endocrine cell fate.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Minnesota. Accessed February 25, 2020.
http://purl.umn.edu/120078.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Boyce, Emma Jean. “The role of decellularized matrix in directing
differentiation of pancreatic progenitor cells in pancreatic
endocrine cell fate.” 2011. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Boyce EJ. The role of decellularized matrix in directing
differentiation of pancreatic progenitor cells in pancreatic
endocrine cell fate. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2011. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/120078.
Council of Science Editors:
Boyce EJ. The role of decellularized matrix in directing
differentiation of pancreatic progenitor cells in pancreatic
endocrine cell fate. [Masters Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2011. Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/120078
University of Minnesota
8.
Shanmugam, Aarathi.
Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells and
mesenchymal stromal cells.
Degree: MS, Stem cell biology, 2011, University of Minnesota
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120301
► University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. December 2011. Major: Stem cell biology. Advisor: Dan S. Kaufman. 1 computer file (PDF); iv, 32 pages.
Mesenchymal stromal cells…
(more)
▼ University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. December 2011.
Major: Stem cell biology. Advisor: Dan S. Kaufman. 1 computer file
(PDF); iv, 32 pages.
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a population
of mesoderm-derived cells that possess the ability to differentiate
into bone, cartilage, and adipose tissue. They are important to
understanding the developmental process of musculoskeletal tissue,
and can be utilized for novel human cell therapies. Previous
studies by our group and others have demonstrated development of
MSCs from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Now, we have
identified a population of potential mesenchymal precursor cells
from adult bone marrow derived iPSC lines using CD73 as a selection
marker. Sorting and culture of the hESC/iPSC-derived CD73-positive
cells lead to development of MSCs capable of making bone,
cartilage, and adipocytes. However the variations in
differentiation methods have been found to strongly influence their
mesenchyme induction and their ability to make bone, cartilage and
adipose tissue. We compare the spin EB (embryoid body) versus
stromal co-culture techniques to arrive at a MSC population in our
studies. Additionally, these studies examined novel ways to derive
iPSCs that could be used for derivation of MSCs and other cell
populations. Induced pluripotent stem cells have previously been
generated from human dermal fibroblast cells. However, the
requirement for skin biopsies and the need to expand fibroblast
cells for several passages in vitro make it a cumbersome source for
generating patient-specific stem cells. Reprogramming from human
blood cells represents a consistent method of establishing
patient-specific iPSCs.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dan S. Kaufman.
Subjects/Keywords: Stem cell biology
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Shanmugam, A. (2011). Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells and
mesenchymal stromal cells. (Masters Thesis). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://purl.umn.edu/120301
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Shanmugam, Aarathi. “Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells and
mesenchymal stromal cells.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Minnesota. Accessed February 25, 2020.
http://purl.umn.edu/120301.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Shanmugam, Aarathi. “Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells and
mesenchymal stromal cells.” 2011. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Shanmugam A. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells and
mesenchymal stromal cells. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2011. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/120301.
Council of Science Editors:
Shanmugam A. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells and
mesenchymal stromal cells. [Masters Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2011. Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/120301
University of Minnesota
9.
Maher, Travis Joseph.
Side population cells possess a stem cell nature: cytoprotection, proliferation, and role of functional recovery in the murine heart.
Degree: Stem cell biology, 2011, University of Minnesota
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104285
► Stem and progenitor cell populations occupy a specialized niche and are consequently exposed to hypoxic and oxidative stresses. We have previously established that the multidrug…
(more)
▼ Stem and progenitor cell populations occupy a specialized niche and are consequently
exposed to hypoxic and oxidative stresses. We have previously established that the
multidrug resistance protein Abcg2 is the molecular determinant of the side population
(SP) progenitor cell population. There is an increase in Abcg2 expression, as well as
increase in SP cell number, following injury. Transcriptome analysis of the SP cells
isolated from the injured adult murine heart reveals enhanced expression of
cytoprotective transcripts. We have previously demonstrated that hypoxia-inducible
factor 2α (HIF-2α) binds an evolutionary conserved HIF-2 response element (HRE) in the
murine Abcg2 promoter and activates Abcg2 expression. Overexpression of Abcg2
results in an increased ability to consume hydrogen peroxide. Importantly,
overexpression of Abcg2 also conferred a cell survival benefit following exposure to
hydrogen peroxide. In this study we have demonstrated that cytoprotection is dependent
upon Abcg2 functioning as an active transporter. In-vitro analysis revealed SP cells
proliferate in a delayed-onset manner, and such proliferation was affected by exposure to
oxidative stress. Cytoprotective ‘priming’ also served to increase SP cell long-term
viability. These results indicate that Abcg2 has a critical role in cytoprotection and
Abcg2-expressing cells have important potential as progenitors in the adult.
Subjects/Keywords: Stem cell biology
Record Details
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Record Details
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Maher, T. J. (2011). Side population cells possess a stem cell nature: cytoprotection, proliferation, and role of functional recovery in the murine heart. (Thesis). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://purl.umn.edu/104285
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Maher, Travis Joseph. “Side population cells possess a stem cell nature: cytoprotection, proliferation, and role of functional recovery in the murine heart.” 2011. Thesis, University of Minnesota. Accessed February 25, 2020.
http://purl.umn.edu/104285.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Maher, Travis Joseph. “Side population cells possess a stem cell nature: cytoprotection, proliferation, and role of functional recovery in the murine heart.” 2011. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Maher TJ. Side population cells possess a stem cell nature: cytoprotection, proliferation, and role of functional recovery in the murine heart. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2011. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/104285.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Maher TJ. Side population cells possess a stem cell nature: cytoprotection, proliferation, and role of functional recovery in the murine heart. [Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2011. Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/104285
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Minnesota
10.
Walsh, Patrick Joseph.
Modeling Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells.
Degree: MS, Stem Cell Biology, 2011, University of Minnesota
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104296
► This thesis outlines progress made in creating several human pluripotent stem cell based models for studying hematopoiesis. Induced pluripotent stem cells were generated from human…
(more)
▼ This thesis outlines progress made in creating several human pluripotent stem cell based models for studying hematopoiesis. Induced pluripotent stem cells were generated from human umbilical cord blood cells selected for the early hematopoietic progenitor marker CD34. Furthermore, reprogramming was attempted on primary leukemia samples to generate an induced pluripotent stem cell line with a genetic background harboring the mutations necessary for malignant hematopoiesis. Strategies for manipulating human embryonic stem cells to either express the bcr-abl oncogene or be deficient in the putative tumor suppressor gene sh2b3 were also developed, both genes of which are linked to the expansion of early hematopoietic progenitors.
Subjects/Keywords: Stem Cell Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Walsh, P. J. (2011). Modeling Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. (Masters Thesis). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://purl.umn.edu/104296
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Walsh, Patrick Joseph. “Modeling Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Minnesota. Accessed February 25, 2020.
http://purl.umn.edu/104296.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Walsh, Patrick Joseph. “Modeling Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells.” 2011. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Walsh PJ. Modeling Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2011. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/104296.
Council of Science Editors:
Walsh PJ. Modeling Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. [Masters Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2011. Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/104296
University of Minnesota
11.
Boyce, Emma Jean.
The role of decellularized matrix in directing differentiation of pancreatic progenitor cells in pancreatic endocrine cell fate.
Degree: MS, Stem cell biology, 2011, University of Minnesota
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120078
► The direct differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells derived from somatic cells and pancreatic progenitor cells could generate functional β-cells that secrete insulin, and are…
(more)
▼ The direct differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells derived from somatic
cells and pancreatic progenitor cells could generate functional β-cells that secrete insulin,
and are also glucose responsive. However, the cellular signals and interactions between
the pancreatic epithelium and its surrounding mesenchyme that govern pancreatic
specification and differentiation of endoderm into pancreatic progenitor cells and
eventually mature beta cells are not fully understood.
In this study, I examined various conditions that would direct the induced
pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from a pdx1: GFP mouse, or normal pancreatic
progenitor cells, to predominately β cell fate. It involves the “guided” differentiation of
iPSCs to a pancreatic lineage and also the use of a decellularized matrix to induce
differentiation into. A decellularized matrix may help mature β-cells since
decellularization has been shown to remove all the organ’s cells while preserving the
composition and biological activity of the extracellular matrix1. Thus, decelluarization
has several advantages: it removes cells to avoid any immune response post-implantation
and maintains the native environment and membrane components that provide cellular
growth and maturation of β-cells.
The results showed that the guided differentiation of iPSCs by activin A induced
definitive endodermal and pancreatic progenitor cells. Moreover, the decellularized
matrix increased exocrine and endocrine gene expression as compared to gelatin and
fibronectin, and assisted survival and maturation of all pancreatic cell types. Hence, this
novel approach would be useful to produce insulin-expressing β-cells that are also
glucose responsive and generate surrogate cells for diabetes therapy.
Subjects/Keywords: Stem cell biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Boyce, E. J. (2011). The role of decellularized matrix in directing differentiation of pancreatic progenitor cells in pancreatic endocrine cell fate. (Masters Thesis). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://purl.umn.edu/120078
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Boyce, Emma Jean. “The role of decellularized matrix in directing differentiation of pancreatic progenitor cells in pancreatic endocrine cell fate.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Minnesota. Accessed February 25, 2020.
http://purl.umn.edu/120078.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Boyce, Emma Jean. “The role of decellularized matrix in directing differentiation of pancreatic progenitor cells in pancreatic endocrine cell fate.” 2011. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Boyce EJ. The role of decellularized matrix in directing differentiation of pancreatic progenitor cells in pancreatic endocrine cell fate. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2011. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/120078.
Council of Science Editors:
Boyce EJ. The role of decellularized matrix in directing differentiation of pancreatic progenitor cells in pancreatic endocrine cell fate. [Masters Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2011. Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/120078
University of Minnesota
12.
Shanmugam, Aarathi.
Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells and mesenchymal stromal cells.
Degree: MS, Stem cell biology, 2011, University of Minnesota
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120301
► Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a population of mesoderm-derived cells that possess the ability to differentiate into bone, cartilage, and adipose tissue. They are important…
(more)
▼ Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a population of mesoderm-derived cells that
possess the ability to differentiate into bone, cartilage, and adipose tissue. They are
important to understanding the developmental process of musculoskeletal tissue, and can
be utilized for novel human cell therapies. Previous studies by our group and others have
demonstrated development of MSCs from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Now,
we have identified a population of potential mesenchymal precursor cells from adult bone
marrow derived iPSC lines using CD73 as a selection marker. Sorting and culture of the
hESC/iPSC-derived CD73-positive cells lead to development of MSCs capable of
making bone, cartilage, and adipocytes. However the variations in differentiation
methods have been found to strongly influence their mesenchyme induction and their
ability to make bone, cartilage and adipose tissue. We compare the spin EB (embryoid
body) versus stromal co-culture techniques to arrive at a MSC population in our studies.
Additionally, these studies examined novel ways to derive iPSCs that could be used for
derivation of MSCs and other cell populations. Induced pluripotent stem cells have
previously been generated from human dermal fibroblast cells. However, the requirement
for skin biopsies and the need to expand fibroblast cells for several passages in vitro
make it a cumbersome source for generating patient-specific stem cells. Reprogramming
from human blood cells represents a consistent method of establishing patient-specific iPSCs.
Subjects/Keywords: Stem cell biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Shanmugam, A. (2011). Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells and mesenchymal stromal cells. (Masters Thesis). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://purl.umn.edu/120301
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Shanmugam, Aarathi. “Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells and mesenchymal stromal cells.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Minnesota. Accessed February 25, 2020.
http://purl.umn.edu/120301.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Shanmugam, Aarathi. “Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells and mesenchymal stromal cells.” 2011. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Shanmugam A. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells and mesenchymal stromal cells. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2011. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/120301.
Council of Science Editors:
Shanmugam A. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells and mesenchymal stromal cells. [Masters Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2011. Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/120301
University of Minnesota
13.
Dalton, Joseph Patrick.
Improving the Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to beta-cells.
Degree: MS, Stem cell biology, 2012, University of Minnesota
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/125281
► Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have the ability to differentiate into any cell type within the body, thus holding the potential for treating the beta-cell…
(more)
▼ Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have the ability to differentiate into any cell type within the body, thus holding the potential for treating the beta-cell loss in type 1 diabetes through a cell replacement therapy. Though effective protocols have been produced for creating beta-cells from hPSCs, the efficiency of this process can be improved to yield more beta-cells. Here, we hypothesized that the addition of the hormones prolactin and human growth hormone to our established differentiation protocol will result in more beta-cells or beta-cell progenitors. This is based on work with isolated pancreatic islets, which showed that these hormones are able to stimulate proliferation of mature beta-cells and increase islet volume. And as much of the work with these hormones has been in rodent islets, we also present data showing that prolactin is able to stimulate cell division and islet growth in human islets. Any influences of the hormones were observed through gene expression analysis and a cell-death assay. This work will inform future work on creating beta-cells from hPSCs, and hopefully move the potential therapy closer to the clinic.
Subjects/Keywords: Stem cell biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Dalton, J. P. (2012). Improving the Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to beta-cells. (Masters Thesis). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://purl.umn.edu/125281
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Dalton, Joseph Patrick. “Improving the Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to beta-cells.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Minnesota. Accessed February 25, 2020.
http://purl.umn.edu/125281.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Dalton, Joseph Patrick. “Improving the Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to beta-cells.” 2012. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Dalton JP. Improving the Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to beta-cells. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/125281.
Council of Science Editors:
Dalton JP. Improving the Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to beta-cells. [Masters Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2012. Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/125281
University of Minnesota
14.
Sajini, Abdulrahim Abdulrahman M.
Loss of Oct4 expression during the development of murine embryoid bodies.
Degree: MS, Stem cell biology, 2012, University of Minnesota
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/125521
► We describe the internal organization of murine embryoid bodies (EBs) in terms of the structures and cell types formed as Oct4 expression becomes progressively lost.…
(more)
▼ We describe the internal organization of murine embryoid bodies (EBs) in terms of the
structures and cell types formed as Oct4 expression becomes progressively lost. This is
done by making the EBs from iPS cells carrying an inducible and permanent Oct4
reporter (Oct4-MerCreMer;mTmG). When these EBs are treated with tamoxifen, the
Oct4 expressing cells switch from a red to a green fluorescence color, and this is
maintained thereafter by their progeny. We show that there is no specific pattern in
which Oct4 is downregulated, rather it appears to be spatially random. The earliest cells
to lose Oct4 expression are internal and stain positive for -fetoprotein (AFP) indicating
that they are visceral endoderm. However, GATA4, characteristic of primitive
endoderm, was found in Oct4-expressing cells at this stage. This indicates that the first
formed visceral endoderm does not arise from primitive endoderm, a difference from
normal embryonic development. Contrary to previous reports, our EBs did not form a
layer of primitive endoderm, or visceral endoderm, around the outside. Markers of the
early body axis, BRACHYURY (T) and FOXA2, behaved somewhat differently from
each other. BRA, which marks the early mesoderm, node and notochord, arises in Oct4
expressing cells on days 3-4. FOXA2, which marks the floor plate of the neural tube and
definitive endoderm, as well as the node and notochord, arises at the same time but
mostly in cells that have already lost Oct4 expression. Although there is usually a
concentration of T or FOXA2 cells in one region of the EB, the morphology is not
predictable and there are also scattered cells expressing these markers. Several clumps of cardiomyocytes are visible by day 7 of EB development, and we show that the cells
forming these clumps lose Oct4 expression between days 3 and 5. Overall, our results
indicate that EBs recapitulate normal development quite well in terms of the tempo of
events and the appearance of specific markers, but they do not resemble embryos in terms
of their morphology and structure, which is contrary to the previous reports.
Subjects/Keywords: Stem cell biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Sajini, A. A. M. (2012). Loss of Oct4 expression during the development of murine embryoid bodies. (Masters Thesis). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://purl.umn.edu/125521
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sajini, Abdulrahim Abdulrahman M. “Loss of Oct4 expression during the development of murine embryoid bodies.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Minnesota. Accessed February 25, 2020.
http://purl.umn.edu/125521.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sajini, Abdulrahim Abdulrahman M. “Loss of Oct4 expression during the development of murine embryoid bodies.” 2012. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Sajini AAM. Loss of Oct4 expression during the development of murine embryoid bodies. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/125521.
Council of Science Editors:
Sajini AAM. Loss of Oct4 expression during the development of murine embryoid bodies. [Masters Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2012. Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/125521
University of Minnesota
15.
Mull, Jesse Lyle.
Epigenetic memory and lineage specific differentiation of myoblast derived induced pluripotent stem cells.
Degree: MS, Stem Cell Biology, 2012, University of Minnesota
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/169389
► Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, reprogrammed from somatic cells with defined factors such as Oct4, Sox2, cMyc and Klf4, hold the potential to produce unlimited…
(more)
▼ Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, reprogrammed from somatic cells with defined factors such as Oct4, Sox2, cMyc and Klf4, hold the potential to produce unlimited numbers of autologous cells to treat and model a variety of muscular dystrophies. However, the derivation of myogenic precursors from iPS cells remains elusive, and current differentiation protocols rely on multi-stage fluorescent cell sorting or the use of transgenes. Reprogrammed somatic cells exhibit epigenetic memory in the form of DNA methylation patterns and gene expression profiles characteristic of their tissue of origin. Here we show that myoblast (Mb) derived iPS cells maintain low level expression of myogenic markers, including MyoD, providing evidence that myogenic genes are not fully silenced in MB-iPSCs during the reprogramming process. In addition, Mb-iPS cells display preferential myogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo compared to fibroblast (Fb) derived iPS cells. Exploiting this epigenetic memory, we establish a simple method for the derivation of myogenic progenitor cells from iPS cells, a critical step towards efficient cell therapy of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).
Subjects/Keywords: Stem cell biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Mull, J. L. (2012). Epigenetic memory and lineage specific differentiation of myoblast derived induced pluripotent stem cells. (Masters Thesis). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/169389
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mull, Jesse Lyle. “Epigenetic memory and lineage specific differentiation of myoblast derived induced pluripotent stem cells.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Minnesota. Accessed February 25, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/11299/169389.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mull, Jesse Lyle. “Epigenetic memory and lineage specific differentiation of myoblast derived induced pluripotent stem cells.” 2012. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Mull JL. Epigenetic memory and lineage specific differentiation of myoblast derived induced pluripotent stem cells. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/169389.
Council of Science Editors:
Mull JL. Epigenetic memory and lineage specific differentiation of myoblast derived induced pluripotent stem cells. [Masters Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/169389
University of Minnesota
16.
Mahoney, Rebecca Ann.
Characterization and in vivo tracking of transplanted oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the injured rat spinal cord.
Degree: MS, Stem Cell Biology, 2014, University of Minnesota
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/170818
► new method to track cells in vivo utilizes proton (1H) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with 19fluorine MRI. Cells can be labeled ex vivo with the…
(more)
▼ new method to track cells in vivo utilizes proton (1H) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with 19fluorine MRI. Cells can be labeled ex vivo with the 19F reagent prior to transplantation and imaged with MRI to generate a signal detected by a custom made, dual-tone fluorine coil to show transplanted cell "hotspots" in the host tissue. Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells (OPCs) are an ideal cell population for cellular therapy in traumatic spinal cord injury due to their ability to remyelinate and support axons after injury. OPCs can be labeled with 19F at a similar efficiency as other cell types, confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and NMR spectroscopy. Potential real-time, in vivo cellular tracking of transplanted OPCs would allow for analysis of cell migration after transplantation, comparison of functional analysis with transplanted cell numbers and location at multiple time points for each animal, and quantification of transplanted cells. Cell characterization of transplanted iPSC derived OPCs in injured rat spinal cords has been optimized, and can be translated to 19F labeled cell transplants in the future. The FDA approved Cell Sense 19F reagent allows for direct translation to use in humans for cell visualization and tracking that is not possible in current clinical trials for cellular therapies.
Subjects/Keywords: Stem cell biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Mahoney, R. A. (2014). Characterization and in vivo tracking of transplanted oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the injured rat spinal cord. (Masters Thesis). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/170818
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mahoney, Rebecca Ann. “Characterization and in vivo tracking of transplanted oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the injured rat spinal cord.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Minnesota. Accessed February 25, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/11299/170818.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mahoney, Rebecca Ann. “Characterization and in vivo tracking of transplanted oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the injured rat spinal cord.” 2014. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Mahoney RA. Characterization and in vivo tracking of transplanted oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the injured rat spinal cord. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2014. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/170818.
Council of Science Editors:
Mahoney RA. Characterization and in vivo tracking of transplanted oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the injured rat spinal cord. [Masters Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/170818
University of Minnesota
17.
Vaid, Shivanshi.
Examination of the ZIKV pathogenesis in the Human Fetal Brain.
Degree: MS, Biology, 2017, University of Minnesota
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/202108
► Zika virus (ZIKV) is a single-stranded RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family, genus Flavivirus. Infection with ZIKV is associated with severe neurological disorders and congenital…
(more)
▼ Zika virus (ZIKV) is a single-stranded RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family, genus Flavivirus. Infection with ZIKV is associated with severe neurological disorders and congenital deformities like microcephaly. Even though outbreaks of ZIKV have been reported worldwide the mode of entry and the mechanism of action of this virus still remains unclear. The cellular receptors and determinants that mediate entry of ZIKV in the human fetal brain are still unclear. Previous studies have reported that AXL,TYRO-3,MERTK and TIM-1 receptors aid in the ZIKV entry to the human body. This study focuses on analyzing the presence of these receptors in the human fetal brain. We performed RT-PCR and RNA sequencing which showed an increased expression of AXL and TYRO-3 receptors in the brain samples infected with ZIKV for 3 and 4 days as compared to the infected aged- matched samples. RNA sequencing analysis revealed differential expression of the receptors previously known to be involved in Flavivirus entry. A slight increase in expression of these receptors was observed in the brain samples infected with ZIKV for 3 and 4 days as compared to the uninfected brain tissue samples. This finding provided further evidence for involvement of AXL, MERTK, and TYRO3 receptors in ZIKV infection in the human fetal brain and provided insights into the ZIKV host interactions. Interestingly, RNA sequencing analysis revealed the key biological pathways related to immune system response, negative regulation of viral processes, apoptosis and autophagy that were affected by infection. These findings provided insights in the molecular signatures associated with ZIKV infection. Further studies could potentially reveal the cellular responses that can be targeted to develop antiviral drugs and other related therapies to prevent ZIKV infection.
Subjects/Keywords: Stem Cell Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Vaid, S. (2017). Examination of the ZIKV pathogenesis in the Human Fetal Brain. (Masters Thesis). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/202108
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Vaid, Shivanshi. “Examination of the ZIKV pathogenesis in the Human Fetal Brain.” 2017. Masters Thesis, University of Minnesota. Accessed February 25, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/11299/202108.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Vaid, Shivanshi. “Examination of the ZIKV pathogenesis in the Human Fetal Brain.” 2017. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Vaid S. Examination of the ZIKV pathogenesis in the Human Fetal Brain. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2017. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/202108.
Council of Science Editors:
Vaid S. Examination of the ZIKV pathogenesis in the Human Fetal Brain. [Masters Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/202108
University of Illinois – Chicago
18.
Wang, Zhinan.
Study of Hypoxia on Embryogenesis, Pharmaceutical Testing and Stem Cell Regulation Using Drosophila Model.
Degree: 2017, University of Illinois – Chicago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/22055
► Drosophila melanogaster has been used to study human disease as a model organism for many years. Many basic biological, physiological, and neurological properties are conserved…
(more)
▼ Drosophila melanogaster has been used to study human disease as a model organism for many years. Many basic biological, physiological, and neurological properties are conserved between mammals and fly. We investigated its applications in the study of the impact of environmental stress on embryogenesis and its compensating mechanism, its uniqueness and powerfulness in modern pharmaceutical testing and screening, and its application in gene function identification.
First we directly investigated Drosophila embryo development in vivo inside a customized microfluidic device with an established local oxygen gradient on a micrometer scale. When the embryos were placed in various conditions, two of the key developmental activities, the germ band shortening and the tail retraction, were examined during the embryogenesis. The time-lapse live
cell imaging technique was used to monitor the
cell morphology changes and pattern migration with the help of green fluorescence protein markers. Our results show that the examined activities during the Drosophila embryogenesis are highly sensitive to oxygen concentrations. Using this information, we presented a model to estimate the oxygen permeability across the Drosophila embryonic layers for the first time. Secondly, the Drosophila testis was used to evaluate the basic therapeutic mechanisms of the active components of several traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) that is known related to animal genital system and sexual function. Specifically, we investigated the effect of the compounds that were extracted from above-mentioned Chinese medicines on Drosophila germline
stem cells (GSCs) by quantifying the GSCs mitotic activity and GSC number. Our results showed that, flies have a significantly higher
cell cycle index when fed at certain concentration of icariin and Tanshinone IIA, the primary active component of YYH and DS, respectively. Other tested concentrations of extract produced either toxicity or insignificant effects on the mitotic activity. This indicates their function of promoting the GSCs mitosis. At last, we analyzed the expression and localization of two polarity genes throughout the
cell cycle, and investigated how they affected mitotic spindle dynamics in asymmetric
stem cell divisions. In
stem cell divisions, it is critical to maintain tissue homeostasis by balancing the number of
stem cells and progenitor cells. Improperly balancing may result in tumorigenesis due to tissue hyper-proliferation or tissue ageing due to tissue degeneration. Previous studies show that cyst
stem cells (CySCs) in Drosophila testis divide asymmetrically. This behavior is ensured by the
stem cell mitotic spindle repositioning, during which one of the spindle poles always moves close to the
stem cell niche (a.k.a. hub cells) near the onsite of anaphase. Known as polarity proteins, the apically localized Par polarity complex, containing Bazooka (Baz; homolog of Par-3 in D. melanogaster), its binding target atypical Protein Kinase C (aPKC), and Par-6, are widely reported to be crucial in…
Advisors/Committee Members: Cheng, Jun (advisor), Eddington, David (committee member), Esmailbeigi, Hananeh (committee member), Gong, Liangwei (committee member), Yao, Xincheng (committee member), Cheng, Jun (chair).
Subjects/Keywords: Drosophila; stem cell
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APA (6th Edition):
Wang, Z. (2017). Study of Hypoxia on Embryogenesis, Pharmaceutical Testing and Stem Cell Regulation Using Drosophila Model. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/22055
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wang, Zhinan. “Study of Hypoxia on Embryogenesis, Pharmaceutical Testing and Stem Cell Regulation Using Drosophila Model.” 2017. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed February 25, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/10027/22055.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wang, Zhinan. “Study of Hypoxia on Embryogenesis, Pharmaceutical Testing and Stem Cell Regulation Using Drosophila Model.” 2017. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Wang Z. Study of Hypoxia on Embryogenesis, Pharmaceutical Testing and Stem Cell Regulation Using Drosophila Model. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2017. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/22055.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Wang Z. Study of Hypoxia on Embryogenesis, Pharmaceutical Testing and Stem Cell Regulation Using Drosophila Model. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/22055
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
19.
Choi, Ji Sun.
Substrate elasticity regulates the biophysical properties of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.
Degree: MS, 0300, 2012, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/29417
► Physiological environments of the HSC niches exhibit a range of stiffness, ranging from soft marrow (< 1 Pa) to adipose tissue (1~3 kPa) to non-mineralized…
(more)
▼ Physiological environments of the HSC niches exhibit a range of stiffness, ranging from soft marrow (< 1 Pa) to adipose tissue (1~3 kPa) to non-mineralized bone (> 34 kPa) (Patel, Smith et al. 2005; Engler, Sen et al. 2006; Discher, Mooney et al. 2009). In order to decouple the effects of substrate elasticity, ligand concentration, and dimensionality on hematopoietic
stem cell (HSC) fate (quiescence, self-renewal, differentiation, mobilization, homing, and apoptosis), HSCs harvested from C57B6 mouse femurs and tibias were cultured in or on top of collagen hydrogels or on top of 2D polyacrylamide (PA) gels with varying mechanics and ligand densities. With collagen hydrogels and type I collagen-coated PA gels with varying stiffness, simple in vitro biomaterials system to probe the effects of substrate mechanics on the biophysical properties of HSCs were created. When cultured for 24 hours, HSCs exhibited varying degrees of changes in their biophysical properties (
cell viability, spread area,
cell morphology) with increasing substrate stiffness. In general, HSCs spread out more and showed more irregular morphology with increasing substrate elasticity and ligand density. The observed behaviors were different from those of 32D cells, which are further differentiated IL-3 dependent murine myeloid progenitor cells from a
cell line, that showed overall much more spread out and amorphous morphology with optimal spreading at an intermediate ligand density.
Advisors/Committee Members: Harley, Brendan A. (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Hematopoietic stem cell; stem cell fate; stem cell niche; cell spreading; substrate elasticity; hydrogels
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APA (6th Edition):
Choi, J. S. (2012). Substrate elasticity regulates the biophysical properties of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/29417
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Choi, Ji Sun. “Substrate elasticity regulates the biophysical properties of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.” 2012. Thesis, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed February 25, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/29417.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Choi, Ji Sun. “Substrate elasticity regulates the biophysical properties of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.” 2012. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Choi JS. Substrate elasticity regulates the biophysical properties of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/29417.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Choi JS. Substrate elasticity regulates the biophysical properties of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/29417
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Iowa
20.
Lynch, Thomas John.
Adult stem cells in the trachea and tracheal submucosal glands.
Degree: PhD, Anatomy and Cell Biology, 2016, University of Iowa
URL: https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6464
► Breathing is essential for human life, yet tens of millions of people in the U.S. alone suffer from lung diseases. With each breath, lungs…
(more)
▼ Breathing is essential for human life, yet tens of millions of people in the U.S. alone suffer from lung diseases. With each breath, lungs are exposed to the external environment. Inhaled air first passes through the trachea, bronchi, and finally the bronchioles before it reaches the alveoli where gases are exchanged. A barrier of epithelial cells protects the airways. In addition, epithelial glands also secrete protein-rich fluids onto the airway surfaces to help maintain sterility. Injury, disease, or other factors can damage these cells, and regiospecific
stem cells (SCs) can divide to replace them. However, many important details about lung SCs are still unknown. For example, what processes control SC division? How do region-specific SCs differ from one another? And how does disease or injury impact SC biology? We found that some processes that regulate lung development also control adult SC division following injury. We show that SCs from airway glands give rise to surface epithelial
cell types and glandular
cell types. In contrast, surface SCs only generated surface
cell types. Finally, we identify a type of
cell in the glands that can regenerate surface
cell types after severe injury. These studies provide new insights into the neighborhoods in which SCs reside in the large airways and processes that control their contribution to airway repair following injury. Overall, this research provides important new insights into adult SC biology and conditions affecting lung health.
Advisors/Committee Members: Engelhardt, John F. (supervisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Adult stem cells; Developmental biology; Facultative stem cell; Multipotential differentiation; Stem cell microenvironment interactions; Stem cell niche; Cell Anatomy; Cell Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Lynch, T. J. (2016). Adult stem cells in the trachea and tracheal submucosal glands. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Iowa. Retrieved from https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6464
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lynch, Thomas John. “Adult stem cells in the trachea and tracheal submucosal glands.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Iowa. Accessed February 25, 2020.
https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6464.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lynch, Thomas John. “Adult stem cells in the trachea and tracheal submucosal glands.” 2016. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Lynch TJ. Adult stem cells in the trachea and tracheal submucosal glands. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Iowa; 2016. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6464.
Council of Science Editors:
Lynch TJ. Adult stem cells in the trachea and tracheal submucosal glands. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Iowa; 2016. Available from: https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6464
Penn State University
21.
Maddox, Jacquelyln Renee.
Evaluation of Putative Cell Surface Markers That
Characterize Human and Murine Adipose Derived Stem Cells.
Degree: PhD, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2009, Penn State University
URL: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10107
► Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have generated much interest because of the potential they possess in regenerative medicine. However, the biology of these cells is still…
(more)
▼ Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have generated much
interest because of the potential they possess in regenerative
medicine. However, the biology of these cells is still poorly
understood primarily because there are no specific markers
available to identify them. Ease of harvest and abundance in
tissues like bone marrow and adipose tissue makes the cells
attractive for various applications in regenerative medicine. The
application of these cells in regenerative medicine will require
isolation and identification of the cells from a mixture of other
cell types. Numerous surface antigens have been shown to be
expressed on MSCs, however, these markers are not specific for MSCs
alone. The present studies focused on cells harvested from murine
and human adipose tissues and were directed toward assessing the
effectiveness of a panel of surface antigens attributed to MSCs for
stability in culture, identification of MSCs and application in
isolating the cells from other cell types. Adipose derived stem
cells (ADSCs) isolated from murine inguinal fat pads were sorted
into cell subsets expressing CD73, CD90.2, and CD 105. The sorted
and unsorted cells were assessed for in vitro and in vivo
differentiation in order to determine the effectiveness of each
marker to identify cells with high potential to differentiate
toward osteogenic lineage. In vitro data showed that the CD73+ and
CD105+ cell subsets displayed greater ability to differentiate
toward the osteogenic lineage compared to the CD90.2+ subset.
However, when the cell subsets were injected locally into mouse
femur, no difference in osteogenic differentiation potential was
observed. Therefore, this panel of surface antigens is not useful
in identifying and isolating putative ADSCs from a variety of cell
types. Human studies focused on assessing the effectiveness of
early embryonic stem cell marker: Stage Specific Embryonic Antigen
(SSEA-4). This antigen was shown to be expressed by MSCs isolated
from bone marrow but its effectiveness in characterizing cells
harvested from adipose tissue has not been established. Results
showed that ADSCs sorted for SSEA-4 possessed a greater ability to
differentiate toward the osteogenic, adipogenic, and neurogenic
lineages in vitro. The evaluation of the sorted and unsorted cells
also included the ability of cell subsets to heal critical sized
defects in the calvarial. Data demonstrated that SSEA-4 Sorted and
Unsorted ADSCs were able to regenerate a similar amount of bone in
vivo. SSEA-4 Sorted and Unsorted ADSCs expressing BMP-2
demonstrated a similar rate of bone deposition; ADSCs expressing
BMP-2 had the potential to regenerate a greater amount of bone than
ADSCs which did not express the BMP-2 growth factor. Taken
together, data indicate that SSEA-4 enriches for mesenchymal stem
cells in vitro, however there is no significant difference between
in vivo bone regeneration potential between Unsorted and SSEA-4
Sorted ADSCs. Because the cells are removed from their natural
niche, the behavior of the cells in vitro compared to in vivo may
be…
Subjects/Keywords: bone formation; stem cell marker; mesenchymal stem cell;
adipose derived stem cell; SSEA-4; osteogenic
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APA (6th Edition):
Maddox, J. R. (2009). Evaluation of Putative Cell Surface Markers That
Characterize Human and Murine Adipose Derived Stem Cells. (Doctoral Dissertation). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10107
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Maddox, Jacquelyln Renee. “Evaluation of Putative Cell Surface Markers That
Characterize Human and Murine Adipose Derived Stem Cells.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Penn State University. Accessed February 25, 2020.
https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10107.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Maddox, Jacquelyln Renee. “Evaluation of Putative Cell Surface Markers That
Characterize Human and Murine Adipose Derived Stem Cells.” 2009. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Maddox JR. Evaluation of Putative Cell Surface Markers That
Characterize Human and Murine Adipose Derived Stem Cells. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Penn State University; 2009. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10107.
Council of Science Editors:
Maddox JR. Evaluation of Putative Cell Surface Markers That
Characterize Human and Murine Adipose Derived Stem Cells. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Penn State University; 2009. Available from: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10107
University of Minnesota
22.
Levings, Daniel.
Regulation of Stem Cell Activity and Behavior in the Drosophila Testis Niche by Heparan Sulfate.
Degree: PhD, Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology and Genetics, 2016, University of Minnesota
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/202172
► Adult stem cells are multipotent cells that contribute to normal turnover and regeneration of mature tissues. They are regulated by components of their local microenvironment,…
(more)
▼ Adult stem cells are multipotent cells that contribute to normal turnover and regeneration of mature tissues. They are regulated by components of their local microenvironment, called the stem cell niche. Despite the fact that many signaling pathways regulating different stem cell populations have been identified, the exact mechanisms by which these pathways influence stem cell behaviors in a context-dependent manner remain mostly a mystery. Additionally, recent evidence suggests that misregulation of the niche can predispose stem cells to cause cancer. The types of changes that can cause a healthy niche to become cancer-supporting have yet to be identified. Drosophila melanogaster has been useful in identifying new mechanisms of stem cell regulation that are conserved from invertebrates to mammals. Specifically, the Drosophila male germline stem cell (GSC) niche has been well-characterized and shows an extensive amount of conservation with the mammalian spermatogonial stem cell niche. These factors make it a useful model for identifying new mechanisms of stem cell control, or misregulation, that are likely conserved. Here we provide evidence that heparan sulfate (HS), a class of extracellular and highly-sulfated linear glycosaminoglycan chains, regulates the number and asymmetric division of GSCs in the Drosophila testis. We found that GSC number is sensitive to the levels of 6-O sulfate groups on HS. Loss of 6-O sulfation also disrupted Apc2 localization and GSC division orientation. These defects led to an increase in symmetric GSC divisions. We determined that HS in the niche was responsible for regulating these processes. We further demonstrated that the presence of HS on the niche is necessary to prevent tumor formation. Niche-specific HS loss led to formation of both somatic and germline tumors. This loss of hub HS resulted in ectopic Jak/Stat signaling outside the niche, and prevented normal somatic cell differentiation. These findings indicate that specific HS modifications provide a novel regulatory mechanism for control of stem cell asymmetric division and suggest that HS-mediated niche signaling acts upstream of GSC division orientation control. They also illustrate a role for HS in ensuring the integrity of the niche and preventing tumor formation.
Subjects/Keywords: asymmetric division; cancer stem cell; Drosophila testis; germline stem cell; heparan sulfate; stem cell niche
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APA (6th Edition):
Levings, D. (2016). Regulation of Stem Cell Activity and Behavior in the Drosophila Testis Niche by Heparan Sulfate. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/202172
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Levings, Daniel. “Regulation of Stem Cell Activity and Behavior in the Drosophila Testis Niche by Heparan Sulfate.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Minnesota. Accessed February 25, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/11299/202172.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Levings, Daniel. “Regulation of Stem Cell Activity and Behavior in the Drosophila Testis Niche by Heparan Sulfate.” 2016. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Levings D. Regulation of Stem Cell Activity and Behavior in the Drosophila Testis Niche by Heparan Sulfate. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2016. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/202172.
Council of Science Editors:
Levings D. Regulation of Stem Cell Activity and Behavior in the Drosophila Testis Niche by Heparan Sulfate. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/202172
University of Georgia
23.
Clark, Jason K.
The use of small intestinal submucosa as a bioscaffold for human embryonic stem cells.
Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2007, University of Georgia
URL: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/clark_jason_200705_ms
► Porcine derived Small Intestinal Submucosa (SIS) is one of the most widely used biomaterials available for tissue engineering. Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) could potentially…
(more)
▼ Porcine derived Small Intestinal Submucosa (SIS) is one of the most widely used biomaterials available for tissue engineering. Human embryonic
stem cells (hESC) could potentially provide an unlimited source of cells suitable for combination with biomaterials for use in regenerative medicine applications. To explore the nature of hESC/SIS interaction, undifferentiated hESCs were cultured in the presence of the SIS matrix, and cellular behavior was characterized using comparative expression profiling of 44 early differentiation genes using quantitative RT-PCR. Results indicate that the SIS matrix is able to influence the differentiation of hESCs towards a vascular endothelial related phenotype. The application of hESCs with the SIS matrix provides a mechanism by which an ESC derived endothelial biomatrix may be produced and may offer support in the development of an engineered artificial tissue with endothelial-like properties for therapeutic purposes.
Advisors/Committee Members: Steven L. Stice.
Subjects/Keywords: Embryonic Stem Cell (ESC)
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APA (6th Edition):
Clark, J. K. (2007). The use of small intestinal submucosa as a bioscaffold for human embryonic stem cells. (Masters Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/clark_jason_200705_ms
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Clark, Jason K. “The use of small intestinal submucosa as a bioscaffold for human embryonic stem cells.” 2007. Masters Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed February 25, 2020.
http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/clark_jason_200705_ms.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Clark, Jason K. “The use of small intestinal submucosa as a bioscaffold for human embryonic stem cells.” 2007. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Clark JK. The use of small intestinal submucosa as a bioscaffold for human embryonic stem cells. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Georgia; 2007. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/clark_jason_200705_ms.
Council of Science Editors:
Clark JK. The use of small intestinal submucosa as a bioscaffold for human embryonic stem cells. [Masters Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2007. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/clark_jason_200705_ms
University of Alberta
24.
Yeung, Telford Y.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Islet Transplantion.
Degree: PhD, Department of Surgery, 2012, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/jh343t34r
► Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic disorder of glucose metabolism due to autoimmune destruction of insulin producing β-cells. Although insulin therapy is the…
(more)
▼ Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic disorder
of glucose metabolism due to autoimmune destruction of insulin
producing β-cells. Although insulin therapy is the standard
treatment for T1DM, islet transplantation, which has emerged as an
alternative to insulin injection, offers a more physiologic means
of glycemic control. Unfortunately, the sustainability of islet
function is poor. Most islet recipients experience loss of graft
function and need to resume insulin therapy. Post-transplant
inflammation, allograft rejection and anti-rejection drug toxicity
are several factors that contribute to the loss of graft function.
The primary cause of islet graft impairment immediately after
transplantation is inflammation. Our aim is to prevent or minimize
islet dysfunction after transplantation. The growing tempo of
discoveries in stem cell therapies has opened avenues to explore
improvements in islet graft survival. Mesenchymal stem cells are
currently being examined for clinical therapies of various
inflammatory disorders, such as sepsis and graft versus host
disease. The objective of the first study is to examine the
cytoprotective effects of MSCs on islets in the presence of
pro-inflammatory cytokines. Human islets were co-cultured with bone
marrow derived MSCs followed by exposure to pro-inflammatory
cytokines in vitro. Glucose stimulated insulin secretion was
preserved and β-cell apoptosis was prevented in the islets cultured
with MSCs. However, the mechanism of protection is unclear. In the
second study, we speculated the protection conveyed by MSCs was
dependent on the physical interaction between islets and MSCs.
Direct contact in islet and MSC co-cultures showed favorable
results. When islets and MSCs were separated by a barrier, the MSCs
were able to preserve islet function, but insulin content was
decreased. We concluded that direct contact with MSCs is more
beneficial than indirect contact for human islets. In the third
study, the protective effect of MSCs on islets was examined in a
preclinical mouse model of islet transplantation. The kidney is not
an optimal site to assess the beneficial effect of co-transplanting
islets and MSCs. On the other hand, intravenous MSC injection after
islet transplantation improved islet function, but the effect was
short-lived. These results suggest that MSCs are a promising
solution to prolong islet graft function.
Subjects/Keywords: Mesenchymal stem cell; Islet transplantation
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Yeung, T. Y. (2012). Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Islet Transplantion. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/jh343t34r
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Yeung, Telford Y. “Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Islet Transplantion.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Alberta. Accessed February 25, 2020.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/jh343t34r.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Yeung, Telford Y. “Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Islet Transplantion.” 2012. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Yeung TY. Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Islet Transplantion. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/jh343t34r.
Council of Science Editors:
Yeung TY. Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Islet Transplantion. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2012. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/jh343t34r
Texas A&M University
25.
Epple - Farmer, Jessica Anne.
Gender dependent survival of allogeneic trophoblast stem cells.
Degree: 2009, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3047
► Pregnancy succeeds because the fetal allograft survives in the presence of a fully functional maternal immune system. The placenta, especially its trophoblast, provides the initial…
(more)
▼ Pregnancy succeeds because the fetal allograft survives in the presence of a fully functional maternal immune system. The placenta, especially its trophoblast, provides the initial barrier between the maternal and fetal environment and, due to their location, trophoblast cells could be expected to be immune-privileged. Yet in the ectopic sites tested thus far, trophoblast
stem cell transplants have failed to show noticeable immune privilege and appear to lack physiological support. However in this study, portal vein injected green fluorescent protein-labeled trophoblast
stem cells were able to survive for several months in the livers of allogeneic female (14/14), but not male (0/4), mice. Gonadectomy experiments revealed that this gender-dependent survival does not require the presence of ovarian hormones (4/4) but the absence of testicular factors (5/5). In contrast, similarly labeled allogeneic embryonic
stem cells were reliably rejected (11/11); these same embryonic
stem cells survived when mixed with unlabeled trophoblast
stem cells (13/13). The protective effect offered by the trophoblast
stem cells did not require any immunological similarity with the co-injected embryonic
stem cells. Neither the trophoblast
stem cells nor the co-injected embryonic
stem cells gave rise to tumors during the study period. Thus, this study demonstrates that, provided a suitable location and hormonal context, ectopic trophoblast
stem cells may exhibit and confer immune privilege. These findings suggest applications in
cell and gene therapy as well as provide a new model for studying trophoblast physiology and immunology.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kraemer, Duane (advisor), Hinrichs, Katrin (committee member), Tian, Yanin (committee member), Tizard, Ian (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: embronic stem cell; mouse
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Epple - Farmer, J. A. (2009). Gender dependent survival of allogeneic trophoblast stem cells. (Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3047
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Epple - Farmer, Jessica Anne. “Gender dependent survival of allogeneic trophoblast stem cells.” 2009. Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed February 25, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3047.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Epple - Farmer, Jessica Anne. “Gender dependent survival of allogeneic trophoblast stem cells.” 2009. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Epple - Farmer JA. Gender dependent survival of allogeneic trophoblast stem cells. [Internet] [Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2009. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3047.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Epple - Farmer JA. Gender dependent survival of allogeneic trophoblast stem cells. [Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3047
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
26.
Tran, Vuong.
The Tails of Two Histones: It was an old histone, it was a new histone.
Degree: 2014, Johns Hopkins University
URL: http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/36973
► The basis of multi-cellular systems relies on different cell types performing different roles for a properly functioning organism. However, these cells need to express different…
(more)
▼ The basis of multi-cellular systems relies on different
cell types performing different roles for a properly functioning organism. However, these cells need to express different sets of genes in order to maintain their different identities while using a common genome. This phenomenon can be resolved in the context of proteins such as histones that can bind to genomic DNA and are modified post-translationally to regulate gene expression. As such, the inheritance and maintenance of distinct chromatin state may contribute to determine and maintain
cell identity. Inheritance of chromatin profile after successive
cell divisions is substantial for epigenetic regulation. Among all
cell types,
stem cells remain one of the most critical populations for maintaining homeostasis. If the ability of
stem cells to maintain their identity is compromised, it will result in
stem cell loss, which would eventually lead to tissue degeneration. Conversely, if that the progeny cells derived
from
stem cells cannot differentiate into specific
cell types, but rather keep on dividing, it may lead to tumorigenesis. My thesis project aims to understand how differential histone inheritance is related to
stem cell identity. I found that in the Drosophila male germline
stem cell (GSC) system, pre-existing H3 histones are preferentially segregated to the
stem cell during asymmetric germline
stem cell division. Based on this finding, we propose a two-step model to explain the asymmetric histone distribution: (1) prior to mitosis, preexisting histones and newly synthesized histones are differentially distributed at two sets of sister chromatids; (2) during mitosis, the set of sister chromatids with preexisting histones are segregated to GSCs while the other set of sister chromatids with newly synthesized histones are partitioned to the daughter
cell committed for differentiation. Whether this phenomenon contributes to maintain
stem cell identity and to reset chromatin structure in
the other daughter
cell for differentiation remains to be determined. In addition to our findings on histone asymmetry in germline
stem cell, we also explore how histone contributes to differentiating germ
cell identity. Asymmetric
stem cell division yields two daughter
cell. Since one daughter remains a
stem cell, the other daughter is the gonialblast that go on to mitotically expand into spermatogonial cysts, differentiate into spermatocytes, and consequently form functional sperms. The transitions from spermatogonia to spermatocytes and then to spermatids are regulated in a step-wise manner. Differentiation gene expression is repressed in spermatogonia. When cells transit to the spermatocyte stage genes are turned on in a coordinated manner. The Polycomb Group (PcG) protein is a class of proteins that maintain the repressed state of genes through epigenetic silencing in spermatogenesis. This is largely done through modification of histone tails. In order for differentiation to
proceed, PcG function needs to be counteracted. This requires function of the testis-specific…
Advisors/Committee Members: Chen, Xin (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Stem cell; histone; epigenetic
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Tran, V. (2014). The Tails of Two Histones: It was an old histone, it was a new histone. (Thesis). Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved from http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/36973
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Tran, Vuong. “The Tails of Two Histones: It was an old histone, it was a new histone.” 2014. Thesis, Johns Hopkins University. Accessed February 25, 2020.
http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/36973.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Tran, Vuong. “The Tails of Two Histones: It was an old histone, it was a new histone.” 2014. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Tran V. The Tails of Two Histones: It was an old histone, it was a new histone. [Internet] [Thesis]. Johns Hopkins University; 2014. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/36973.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Tran V. The Tails of Two Histones: It was an old histone, it was a new histone. [Thesis]. Johns Hopkins University; 2014. Available from: http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/36973
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Hong Kong
27.
Lu, Xibin.
Quantitative characterization of mouse embryonic stem
cell state transition.
Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Hong Kong
URL: Lu,
X.
[盧希彬].
(2014).
Quantitative
characterization
of
mouse
embryonic
stem
cell
state
transition.
(Thesis).
University
of
Hong
Kong,
Pokfulam,
Hong
Kong
SAR.
Retrieved
from
http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5351003
;
http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5351003
;
http://hdl.handle.net/10722/221529
► It is known that on-and-off transcription factors (TFs) regulations play crucial roles in differentiation and reprogramming. Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog as well as their constituted…
(more)
▼ It is known that on-and-off transcription factors
(TFs) regulations play crucial roles in differentiation and
reprogramming. Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog as well as their constituted
gene networks cooperatively maintain ES cell pluripotency.
Recently, TFs such as Nanog, Stella and Rex1 show heterogeneous
expression in ES cell populations and such heterogeneity lead to
different differentiation potential indicating that heterogeneous
gene expression may control cell fate. Besides gene regulation
triggered by TFs, intrinsic noise was also found to be a potential
source in heterogeneity and stochastic cell fate determination. For
safe clinical application of stem cell-based therapy, it is crucial
to quantify these dynamic processes and transition rate during
research and development. However, in most cases, the transition
rate is too low to be measured and is often entangled with cell
proliferation. In order to disentangle these processes, we
established a Nanog-EGFP reporter ES cell line and quantified the
transition rates between two subpopulations. We also developed a
mathematical model involving cell state transition, proliferation
and noise to facilitate deciphering this process.
We first
generated a dual reporter ES cell line (Nanog-EGFP and
EF1α-H2B-mCherry) based on PiggyBac system. Using a simple ES cell
differentiation process, differentiation and dedifferentiation
could be obviously observed based on Nanog ES cell reporter. In
order to quantify the transition and proliferation rate, we
performed multiple batches of ES cell differentiation and
dedifferentiation based with this reporter ES cell line.
Mathematical models (drift-diffusion-growth equation) are also
introduced to fit the data. The quantitative and nontrivial model
predictions lead to new experiments and hypotheses. Combined the
flow cytometry data with mathematical models, we are able to
directly derive the most likely potential landscape (Waddington’s
landscape) based on Nanog distribution. Our results and approaches
developed would provide more clues for future ES cell
differentiation studies.
In another project, we generated
multiple ES cell reporters in which Nanog, Oct4 and Rex1 were all
labeled with different fluorescence proteins. We differentiated the
reporter ES cell line specifically into epiblast stem cell (EpiSC)
based on previous protocols. Based on flow cytometry analysis, we
found that, during the transition from ES cell to EpiSC state, all
the three marker genes showed heterogeneous expression pattern, and
three sub-populations can be identified at the EpiSC steady (later)
state. The cell fate identity and potential converting ability into
other identities like ES cell or inter-converting ability among
three populations were being conducted based on chemical factors.
In addition, we quantitatively characterized PiggyBac mediated
multiplex gene transfer in mouse embryonic stem cell which lay a
good foundation in above mentioned ES cell reporter generation. HS4
insulator was also characterized on the effect of protecting from
promoter…
Subjects/Keywords: Cell differentiation; Stem cells
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Lu, X. (2014). Quantitative characterization of mouse embryonic stem
cell state transition. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from Lu, X. [盧希彬]. (2014). Quantitative characterization of mouse embryonic stem cell state transition. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5351003 ; http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5351003 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/221529
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lu, Xibin. “Quantitative characterization of mouse embryonic stem
cell state transition.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Hong Kong. Accessed February 25, 2020.
Lu, X. [盧希彬]. (2014). Quantitative characterization of mouse embryonic stem cell state transition. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5351003 ; http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5351003 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/221529.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lu, Xibin. “Quantitative characterization of mouse embryonic stem
cell state transition.” 2014. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Lu X. Quantitative characterization of mouse embryonic stem
cell state transition. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Hong Kong; 2014. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: Lu, X. [盧希彬]. (2014). Quantitative characterization of mouse embryonic stem cell state transition. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5351003 ; http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5351003 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/221529.
Council of Science Editors:
Lu X. Quantitative characterization of mouse embryonic stem
cell state transition. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Hong Kong; 2014. Available from: Lu, X. [盧希彬]. (2014). Quantitative characterization of mouse embryonic stem cell state transition. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5351003 ; http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5351003 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/221529
University of Hong Kong
28.
于皎乐; Yu, Jiaole.
Intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting the migratory
mechanisms of human mesenchymal stem cells.
Degree: PhD, 2012, University of Hong Kong
URL: Yu,
J.
[于皎乐].
(2012).
Intrinsic
and
extrinsic
factors
affecting
the
migratory
mechanisms
of
human
mesenchymal
stem
cells.
(Thesis).
University
of
Hong
Kong,
Pokfulam,
Hong
Kong
SAR.
Retrieved
from
http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5053360
;
http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5053360
;
http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197130
► The potential applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely advocated, however, many barriers hinder their clinical utilization. Enhancement of the homing of human…
(more)
▼ The potential applications of mesenchymal stem
cells (MSCs) have been widely advocated, however, many barriers
hinder their clinical utilization. Enhancement of the homing of
human MSCs (hMSCs) to the target tissues remains a clinical
challenge. To overcome this hurdle, the mechanisms responsible for
migration and engraftment of hMSCs have to be defined. My study
aimed to explore both the underlying mechanisms and means of
enhancing the migration of hMSCs.
A graft versus host disease
(GvHD) injury model and a novel orthotopic neuroblastoma model were
established to delineate the distinct property of hMSCs homing
towards either injured or cancerous tissues. This highly specific
homing process was further revealed to be in a CXCR4-dependent
manner.
Notably, a novel gene, exchange protein directly
activated by cAMP (Epac), was demonstrated to be actively involved
in the hMSCs homing process. hMSCs expressed functional Epac and
its activation significantly enhanced the migration and adhesion of
hMSCs. Furthermore, Epac activation directly contributed to the
chemotactic response of hMSCs to SDF-1, suggesting that Epac is
linked to the stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) signaling
cascades. Importantly, the homing of hMSCs towards injured tissues
in vivo could be dramatically increased by Epac activation.
hMSCs are adherent cells and their migration to distant tissues
thus requires detachment into a suspension state. This disruption
of cell-extracellular matrix interaction, known as anoikis stress,
triggers programmed cell death, leading to a marked decrease in the
efficiency of cell trafficking and engraftment. Anoikis stress
induced massive cell death has emerged as the major challenge in
the application of hMSCs. How some of the hMSCs can overcome this
adversity and migrate towards distant destinations remains largely
unexplored. It was observed that the surviving hMSCs circumvented
anoikis stress by forming self-supporting cellular aggregates.
Compared to adherent hMSCs, aggregated-hMSCs had better migratory
response to both SDF-1α and SDF-1α analogue (CTCE-0214). Such
enhanced migratory effect was proven to be CXCR4-dependent both in
vitro and in vivo by using a CXCR4 specific antagonist (AMD3100).
Although the viability of hMSCs under anoikis stress dramatically
decreased, CTCE-0214 could promote cell survival and facilitate the
migration of hMSCs towards injured targets. This phenomenon could
be partially explained by the increase in anti-apoptosis effect via
up-regulated Bcl-2 expression and autophagy activation under
CTCE-0214 treatment.
The exact effects of hMSCs on tumor growth
and progression have long been controversial. Significant fasten
growth and promoted metastasis of neuroblastoma in vivo was
observed in hMSCs co-transplanted mice in this study. Reciprocally,
hMSCs could not only be recruited by primary tumor, but also be
selectively attracted by metastatic loci. This recruitment was
significantly reduced when hMSCs were pre-treated with AMD3100,
suggesting that the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis was a…
Subjects/Keywords: Mesenchymal stem cells; Cell migration
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Record Details
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
于皎乐; Yu, J. (2012). Intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting the migratory
mechanisms of human mesenchymal stem cells. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from Yu, J. [于皎乐]. (2012). Intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting the migratory mechanisms of human mesenchymal stem cells. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5053360 ; http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5053360 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197130
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
于皎乐; Yu, Jiaole. “Intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting the migratory
mechanisms of human mesenchymal stem cells.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Hong Kong. Accessed February 25, 2020.
Yu, J. [于皎乐]. (2012). Intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting the migratory mechanisms of human mesenchymal stem cells. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5053360 ; http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5053360 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197130.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
于皎乐; Yu, Jiaole. “Intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting the migratory
mechanisms of human mesenchymal stem cells.” 2012. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
于皎乐; Yu J. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting the migratory
mechanisms of human mesenchymal stem cells. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Hong Kong; 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: Yu, J. [于皎乐]. (2012). Intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting the migratory mechanisms of human mesenchymal stem cells. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5053360 ; http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5053360 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197130.
Council of Science Editors:
于皎乐; Yu J. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting the migratory
mechanisms of human mesenchymal stem cells. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Hong Kong; 2012. Available from: Yu, J. [于皎乐]. (2012). Intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting the migratory mechanisms of human mesenchymal stem cells. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5053360 ; http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5053360 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197130
University of Hong Kong
29.
Zhang, Jiao.
Regulation of cell proliferation and modulation of
differentiation in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived
mesenchumal stem cells.
Degree: PhD, 2012, University of Hong Kong
URL: Zhang,
J.
[张姣].
(2012).
Regulation
of
cell
proliferation
and
modulation
of
differentiation
in
human
induced
pluripotent
stem
cell-derived
mesenchumal
stem
cells.
(Thesis).
University
of
Hong
Kong,
Pokfulam,
Hong
Kong
SAR.
Retrieved
from
http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b4961750
;
http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b4961750
;
http://hdl.handle.net/10722/180930
► Functional mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may represent an unlimited cell source with superior therapeutic benefits for tissue…
(more)
▼ Functional mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived
from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may represent an
unlimited cell source with superior therapeutic benefits for tissue
regeneration to somatic tissue, such as bone marrow (BM)-derived
MSC. In the first part of this project, I investigated whether the
differential expression of ion channels in iPSC-MSCs was
responsible for their higher proliferation capacity than that of
BM-MSCs. The expression of ion channels for K+, Na+, Ca2+ and Cl-
currents was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain
reaction (RT-PCR). The functional role of these ion channels were
then verified by patch clamp experiments to compare the
electrophysiological properties of iPSC-MSCs versus BM-MSCs. I
detected significant mRNA expression of ion channel genes including
KCa1.1, KCa3.1, KCNH1, Kir2.1, SCN9A, CACNA1C and Clcn3 in both
human iPSC-MSCs and BM-MSCs; while Kir2.2 and Kir2.3 were only
observed in human iPSC-MSCs. Furthermore, I identified five types
of currents (BKCa, IKDR, IKir, IKCa and ICl) in iPSC-MSCs, while
only four of them (BKCa, IKDR, IKir and IKCa) were observed in
BM-MSCs. The rate of cell proliferation was 1.4 fold faster in
iPSC-MSCs as compared to BM-MSCs. Interestingly, the proliferation
rate of human iPSCMSCs was significantly reduced when inhibiting
IKDR with shRNA and hEAG1 channel blockers, 4-AP and astemizole.
Though to a lesser extent, the proliferation rate of human BM-MSCs
also decreased by IKDR blockage. These results demonstrated that
hEAG1 channel plays a crucial role in controlling the proliferation
rate of human iPSC-MSCs but to a lesser extent in BM-MSCs. Next, I
examined whether forced expression of a transcription factor-
myocardin in iPSC-MSC using viral vectors (adenovirus or
lentivirus) can further enhance their trans-differentiation to
cardiomyocytes and improve their electrophysiological properties
for cardiac regeneration. My results on RT-PCR and
immunofluorescent staining revealed that myocardin induced the
expression of several cardiac and smooth muscle cell markers,
including α-MHC, cTnT, GATA4, α-actinin, and cardiac MHC, smooth
muscle cell markers MYH11, calponin, and SM α-actin, but not the
more mature cardiac markers such as β-MHC and MLC2v in iPSC-MSCs.
These findings indicate that forced expression of myocardin in
iPSC-MSC resulted in partial trans-differentiation into
cardiomyocytes phenotype. Furthermore, I also discovered that
myocardin altered the electrophysiological properties of iPSC-MSCs
when examined by RT-PCR and patch clamp experiments. Forced
expression of myocardin in iPSC-MSC enhanced the expression of
Kv4.3, SCN9A and CACNA1C, but reduced that of KCa3.1 and Kir 2.2 in
iPSC-MSCs. Moreover, BKCa, IKir, ICl, Ito and INa.TTX were detected
in iPSC-MSC with ectopic expression of myocardin; while only BKCa,
IKir, ICl, IKDR and IKCa were noted in iPSC-MSC transfected with
green florescence protein. Furthermore, as measured by
multi-electrode arrays recording plate, the conduction velocity of
the neonatal rat…
Subjects/Keywords: Cell proliferation; Stem cells.
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Record Details
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Cite
« Share
❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Zhang, J. (2012). Regulation of cell proliferation and modulation of
differentiation in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived
mesenchumal stem cells. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from Zhang, J. [张姣]. (2012). Regulation of cell proliferation and modulation of differentiation in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchumal stem cells. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b4961750 ; http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b4961750 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/180930
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Zhang, Jiao. “Regulation of cell proliferation and modulation of
differentiation in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived
mesenchumal stem cells.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Hong Kong. Accessed February 25, 2020.
Zhang, J. [张姣]. (2012). Regulation of cell proliferation and modulation of differentiation in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchumal stem cells. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b4961750 ; http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b4961750 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/180930.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Zhang, Jiao. “Regulation of cell proliferation and modulation of
differentiation in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived
mesenchumal stem cells.” 2012. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Zhang J. Regulation of cell proliferation and modulation of
differentiation in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived
mesenchumal stem cells. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Hong Kong; 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: Zhang, J. [张姣]. (2012). Regulation of cell proliferation and modulation of differentiation in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchumal stem cells. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b4961750 ; http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b4961750 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/180930.
Council of Science Editors:
Zhang J. Regulation of cell proliferation and modulation of
differentiation in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived
mesenchumal stem cells. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Hong Kong; 2012. Available from: Zhang, J. [张姣]. (2012). Regulation of cell proliferation and modulation of differentiation in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchumal stem cells. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b4961750 ; http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b4961750 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/180930
Anna University
30.
Jamila H Siamwala.
The study of microgravity implications in angiogenesis
and stem cell differentiation;.
Degree: 2014, Anna University
URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/15486
► Tissue or organ failure due to injury or other type of damage is one of the major health problems. Transplantation, surgical repair, artificial prostheses, mechanical…
(more)
▼ Tissue or organ failure due to injury or other type
of damage is one of the major health problems. Transplantation,
surgical repair, artificial prostheses, mechanical devices are used
to treat tissue or organ failure with limited success. Biochemical
manipulation of cells is the most common technique currently
available, however recently biophysical forces such as flow, shear
stress, microgravity is increasingly being used to manipulate
cells. Among the biophysical forces, microgravity has obtained
attention particularly in the field of tissue engineering.
Microgravity has been shown to be an ideal environment for cell
growth, cell proliferation and organ formation. Microgravity can
also stimulate cell secretions, cell proliferation, aggregate
formation, protein crystallization without oncogenic
transformation. Present study shows that limited microgravity
exposure (2-24 h) to in vitro and in ovo models is pro-angiogenic
and microgravity is an ideal environment for faster growth and
development of vascular tubes. The hepatic stem cells were
subjected to microgravity, which was simulated by indigenously
fabricated Random Positioning Machine (RPM). Microgravity treatment
for 2 h enhanced proliferation of stem cells by 2 fold without
inducing apoptosis and compromising cell viability. The present
finding approves that microgravity supports both the critical
events in tissue regeneration; angiogenesis and cell
differentiation. We envisage that the acquired knowledge can be
used in clinic, where microgravity activated angiogenesis and stem
cells would regenerate the tissues in damaged liver. Further this
technology opens new avenues in the treatment of not only damaged
liver but also other damaged tissues and organs which have little
or no treatment options. newline newline newline
Advisors/Committee Members: Suvro Chatterjee.
Subjects/Keywords: Microgravity; angiogenesis; stem cell;
biochemical
Record Details
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Record Details
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Siamwala, J. H. (2014). The study of microgravity implications in angiogenesis
and stem cell differentiation;. (Thesis). Anna University. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/15486
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Siamwala, Jamila H. “The study of microgravity implications in angiogenesis
and stem cell differentiation;.” 2014. Thesis, Anna University. Accessed February 25, 2020.
http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/15486.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Siamwala, Jamila H. “The study of microgravity implications in angiogenesis
and stem cell differentiation;.” 2014. Web. 25 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Siamwala JH. The study of microgravity implications in angiogenesis
and stem cell differentiation;. [Internet] [Thesis]. Anna University; 2014. [cited 2020 Feb 25].
Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/15486.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Siamwala JH. The study of microgravity implications in angiogenesis
and stem cell differentiation;. [Thesis]. Anna University; 2014. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/15486
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
◁ [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] … [87] ▶
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Open Access Theses and Dissertations