subject:(school shootings)

Central Connecticut State University

1. Spyros, Edward J., 1957-. Training police officers: responding effectively to the active school shooter.

Degree: Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2010, Central Connecticut State University

URL: http://content.library.ccsu.edu/u?/ccsutheses,1613

► School shootings are not a new phenomenon in the United States. Since the first school shooting in 1966 at the University of Texas, close to… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Police training; School shootings

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APA (6^th Edition):

Spyros, Edward J., 1. (2010). Training police officers: responding effectively to the active school shooter. (Thesis). Central Connecticut State University. Retrieved from http://content.library.ccsu.edu/u?/ccsutheses,1613

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Spyros, Edward J., 1957-. “Training police officers: responding effectively to the active school shooter.” 2010. Thesis, Central Connecticut State University. Accessed February 25, 2021. http://content.library.ccsu.edu/u?/ccsutheses,1613.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Spyros, Edward J., 1957-. “Training police officers: responding effectively to the active school shooter.” 2010. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Spyros, Edward J. 1. Training police officers: responding effectively to the active school shooter. [Internet] [Thesis]. Central Connecticut State University; 2010. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: http://content.library.ccsu.edu/u?/ccsutheses,1613.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Spyros, Edward J. 1. Training police officers: responding effectively to the active school shooter. [Thesis]. Central Connecticut State University; 2010. Available from: http://content.library.ccsu.edu/u?/ccsutheses,1613

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

2. Hausmann, Ryan Jeffrey. Public Support For Stricter Gun Control Laws In America Following The Tragedy At Sandy Hook Elementary.

Degree: MA, Sociology, 2014, University of North Dakota

URL: https://commons.und.edu/theses/1539

► ABSTRACT The past decade witnessed a considerable increase in public outrage and debates regarding gun control laws, due in large part to several mass… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: gun control; media familiarity; school shootings

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hausmann, R. J. (2014). Public Support For Stricter Gun Control Laws In America Following The Tragedy At Sandy Hook Elementary. (Masters Thesis). University of North Dakota. Retrieved from https://commons.und.edu/theses/1539

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hausmann, Ryan Jeffrey. “Public Support For Stricter Gun Control Laws In America Following The Tragedy At Sandy Hook Elementary.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of North Dakota. Accessed February 25, 2021. https://commons.und.edu/theses/1539.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hausmann, Ryan Jeffrey. “Public Support For Stricter Gun Control Laws In America Following The Tragedy At Sandy Hook Elementary.” 2014. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Hausmann RJ. Public Support For Stricter Gun Control Laws In America Following The Tragedy At Sandy Hook Elementary. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of North Dakota; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: https://commons.und.edu/theses/1539.

Council of Science Editors:

Hausmann RJ. Public Support For Stricter Gun Control Laws In America Following The Tragedy At Sandy Hook Elementary. [Masters Thesis]. University of North Dakota; 2014. Available from: https://commons.und.edu/theses/1539

Brigham Young University

3. Mosqueda, Christopher M. Columbine and the Myth of the Juvenile Superpredator.

Degree: EdS, 2020, Brigham Young University

URL: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=9716&context=etd

► Mass media has great influence over its audience. When a sensational story hits the news waves, the general public's attention is instantly riveted to… (more)

▼ Mass media has great influence over its audience. When a sensational story hits the news waves, the general public's attention is instantly riveted to the television screen. News stories that involve the deaths of innocent people often create a culture of fear, fuel false narratives, and scatter misinformation. In fact, this culture of fear, coupled with misleading information, created the myth of the juvenile superpredator, a phrase coined by DiIulio in the early 1990s. The stereotyped superpredator was a homicidal, uncontrollable youth hiding within areas where crime and violence are rare. In particular, this myth was propagated following the massacre at Columbine High School in 1999. Across time, misinformation and false narratives served to spotlight the perpetrators' notoriety—their ultimate motivation for perpetrating this heinous attack. News media, law enforcement, and school administrators are in the unique position to stop the spread of misinformation and prevent school shooters from gaining the fame they desperately seek, a common motivation among school shooters and copycat perpetrators. This study seeks to explore how the media portrayed the Columbine High School shooters and how it fed into the myth of the juvenile superpredator. This study analyzed youth violence risk factors in the wake of the Columbine High School Shooting to determine if news media was accurate in their reporting. We wanted to determine if news coverage was a major influence on the public's perception of youth violence. These risk factors were scrutinized from television news coverage from national news organizations. Results indicate that in the wake of school shootings, strong considerations regarding ethical news reporting and clearer lines of communication between school administrators and law enforcement officials may prevent misinformation from spreading in the first place and may prevent school shooters from gaining notoriety in such aftermaths. Additionally, curtailing the spread of misinformation may help communities prevent reactionary policies that ultimately harm school students through overly punitive measures.

Subjects/Keywords: school shootings; media coverage; Columbine school shooting; juvenile superpredator; notoriety; Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mosqueda, C. M. (2020). Columbine and the Myth of the Juvenile Superpredator. (Thesis). Brigham Young University. Retrieved from https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=9716&context=etd

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mosqueda, Christopher M. “Columbine and the Myth of the Juvenile Superpredator.” 2020. Thesis, Brigham Young University. Accessed February 25, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=9716&context=etd.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mosqueda, Christopher M. “Columbine and the Myth of the Juvenile Superpredator.” 2020. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Mosqueda CM. Columbine and the Myth of the Juvenile Superpredator. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brigham Young University; 2020. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=9716&context=etd.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Mosqueda CM. Columbine and the Myth of the Juvenile Superpredator. [Thesis]. Brigham Young University; 2020. Available from: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=9716&context=etd

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Wilfrid Laurier University

4. Anaele, Best. Risk Factors Related to School Shootings.

Degree: 2020, Wilfrid Laurier University

URL: https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/2287

► School shootings have become a major issue in the United States for over the past 20 years, contributing to the resurgence of the debates surrounding… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: school shootings; massacre; risk factors; firearms; risk assessment; Criminology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Anaele, B. (2020). Risk Factors Related to School Shootings. (Thesis). Wilfrid Laurier University. Retrieved from https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/2287

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Anaele, Best. “Risk Factors Related to School Shootings.” 2020. Thesis, Wilfrid Laurier University. Accessed February 25, 2021. https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/2287.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Anaele, Best. “Risk Factors Related to School Shootings.” 2020. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Anaele B. Risk Factors Related to School Shootings. [Internet] [Thesis]. Wilfrid Laurier University; 2020. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/2287.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Anaele B. Risk Factors Related to School Shootings. [Thesis]. Wilfrid Laurier University; 2020. Available from: https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/2287

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

5. Munoz Morales, Juan Sebastian. Essays on Applied Microeconomics.

Degree: PhD, Economics, 2020, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107920

► This dissertation includes three chapters that use applied microeconomics theory to assess three different economic questions. The first chapter analyzes the labor market effects of… (more)

▼ This dissertation includes three chapters that use applied microeconomics theory to assess three different economic questions. The first chapter analyzes the labor market effects of import competition from high-wage countries on emerging economies. Though abundant evidence shows that import competition from low-wage countries decreases manufacturing employment and wages of high-wage countries, less is known about the reverse: the impact of import competition from high-wage countries on emerging economies. This paper uses a natural experiment to examine the effects of import competition from the United States on workers and firms in Colombia. We exploit industry variation in import exposure and regional variation in import access in the wake of a free trade agreement that increased import competition in Colombia but left its exports unaffected. Using administrative employer-employee data to identify proxies for productivity and skills, we find that a 10 percent increase in import competition from the United States decreases employment in Colombia by 6.4 percent in affected industries and states. The impacts are driven largely by the exit and shrinking of less-productive firms. Less-skilled workers experience the greatest impacts, with effects on employment lasting for at least four years. Import competition induces workers to shift from affected to unaffected industries and states, and decreases the wage of workers employed in less-productive firms. The second chapter includes an analysis of how school shootings affect housing prices in the United States. We find that house prices within a school district decline by 7.8 percent in the three year period after the episode, along with a decline in number of transactions. The drop in property prices is stronger among houses with more bedrooms, a measure that serves as a proxy for properties most likely to have school-age children in the household. We also find evidence of decrease in school enrollment and in the number of teachers in the aftermath of the shooting. The analysis suggests that it is the deterioration in school quality that results in lower willingness to pay. The third chapter compares the economic returns of workers' skills with the returns to schooling degrees. Using longitudinal data of all college graduates in Colombia, we estimate labor market returns to postsecondary degrees and to various skills – including literacy, numeracy, foreign language, field-specific, and non-cognitive skills. Graduates of longer programs, of private institutions, and of schools with higher reputation earn higher wages. Even after controlling for all the characteristics of the degree, a one standard deviation increase in each skill predicts an average wage increase of two percent. Returns to skills vary along the wage distribution, with tenure, with the field of specialization and the type of job obtained immediately after graduation. Advisors/Committee Members: Albouy, David Y (advisor), Albouy, David Y (Committee Chair), Thornton, Rebecca (committee member), Forsythe, Elizabeth C (committee member), Bartik, Alex (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Import Competition; Emerging Economies; Employment; School Shootings; Property Values; Skills; Degrees.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Munoz Morales, J. S. (2020). Essays on Applied Microeconomics. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107920

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Munoz Morales, Juan Sebastian. “Essays on Applied Microeconomics.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed February 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107920.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Munoz Morales, Juan Sebastian. “Essays on Applied Microeconomics.” 2020. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Munoz Morales JS. Essays on Applied Microeconomics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2020. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107920.

Council of Science Editors:

Munoz Morales JS. Essays on Applied Microeconomics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107920

University of Ontario Institute of Technology

6. Partington, Ryan W. Social importance of recognizing the victimization for mothers of school shooters.

Degree: 2019, University of Ontario Institute of Technology

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10155/1017

► This paper presents various topics that contribute to understanding Sue Klebold, Monique L??pine, Terri Roberts, Laurel Harper, and Parvinder Sandhu as secondary victims of school… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Secondary victims; Mothers of school shooters; School shootings; Labelling theory; Social labels

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APA (6^th Edition):

Partington, R. W. (2019). Social importance of recognizing the victimization for mothers of school shooters. (Thesis). University of Ontario Institute of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10155/1017

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Partington, Ryan W. “Social importance of recognizing the victimization for mothers of school shooters.” 2019. Thesis, University of Ontario Institute of Technology. Accessed February 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10155/1017.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Partington, Ryan W. “Social importance of recognizing the victimization for mothers of school shooters.” 2019. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Partington RW. Social importance of recognizing the victimization for mothers of school shooters. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Ontario Institute of Technology; 2019. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10155/1017.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Partington RW. Social importance of recognizing the victimization for mothers of school shooters. [Thesis]. University of Ontario Institute of Technology; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10155/1017

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

7. Keskinen, Katri Ilona Maria. Culture and Masculinity in American School Shootings: Reviewing Evidence from Multi-Victim School Shootings.

Degree: Faculty of Health and Society (HS), 2018, Malmö University

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24263

► American school shootings have received a lot of media, public and academic attention within the last two decades. Still, reasons behind the shocking events… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: School shootings; Cultural marginalisation; Masculinity; United States; Culture; Criminology; Social Sciences; Samhällsvetenskap

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APA (6^th Edition):

Keskinen, K. I. M. (2018). Culture and Masculinity in American School Shootings: Reviewing Evidence from Multi-Victim School Shootings. (Thesis). Malmö University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24263

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Keskinen, Katri Ilona Maria. “Culture and Masculinity in American School Shootings: Reviewing Evidence from Multi-Victim School Shootings.” 2018. Thesis, Malmö University. Accessed February 25, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24263.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Keskinen, Katri Ilona Maria. “Culture and Masculinity in American School Shootings: Reviewing Evidence from Multi-Victim School Shootings.” 2018. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Keskinen KIM. Culture and Masculinity in American School Shootings: Reviewing Evidence from Multi-Victim School Shootings. [Internet] [Thesis]. Malmö University; 2018. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24263.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Keskinen KIM. Culture and Masculinity in American School Shootings: Reviewing Evidence from Multi-Victim School Shootings. [Thesis]. Malmö University; 2018. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24263

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Liberty University

8. Bowen, Bradley Carlton. Class Standing and Student Perceptions of Safety in Christian Higher Education: A Causal-Comparative Study.

Degree: 2020, Liberty University

URL: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/2385

► Campus safety has become a significant topic in higher education. A dynamic environment including regulatory changes and notable criminal incidents has resulted in rapid changes… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Campus Safety; Clery Act; School Shootings; Title IX; Higher Education; Christian; Education; Educational Leadership

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bowen, B. C. (2020). Class Standing and Student Perceptions of Safety in Christian Higher Education: A Causal-Comparative Study. (Doctoral Dissertation). Liberty University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/2385

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bowen, Bradley Carlton. “Class Standing and Student Perceptions of Safety in Christian Higher Education: A Causal-Comparative Study.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, Liberty University. Accessed February 25, 2021. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/2385.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bowen, Bradley Carlton. “Class Standing and Student Perceptions of Safety in Christian Higher Education: A Causal-Comparative Study.” 2020. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Bowen BC. Class Standing and Student Perceptions of Safety in Christian Higher Education: A Causal-Comparative Study. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Liberty University; 2020. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/2385.

Council of Science Editors:

Bowen BC. Class Standing and Student Perceptions of Safety in Christian Higher Education: A Causal-Comparative Study. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Liberty University; 2020. Available from: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/2385

9. Van Meenen, Jean-Marc. La violence paroxystique en milieu scolaire : approche cindynique et opérationnelle d'anticipation du risque : Paroxysmal violence in schools : cindynic and operational approach to risk anticipation.

Degree: Docteur es, Ingénierie Sociotechnique des Connaissances, des Réseaux et du Développement Durable, 2014, Troyes

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0026

►

Cette thèse propose une approche rationnelle du phénomène de violence paroxystique en milieu scolaire. Sous le prisme des cindyniques urbaines, les possibles motivations d’une violence… (more)

▼

Cette thèse propose une approche rationnelle du phénomène de violence paroxystique en milieu scolaire. Sous le prisme des cindyniques urbaines, les possibles motivations d’une violence réactionnelle à l’égard de l’institution scolaire et de ses acteurs sont d’abord mises en exergue. Suffisent-elles à expliquer le recours à la violence extrême ? Nous proposons en second lieu des éléments de réponse consolidés, sur la base de 156 événements échelonnés sur un siècle à travers 5 continents et 25 pays. Après un large focus sur les espaces de perpétration, une typologie des auteurs est établie avec précision. L’analyse se porte ensuite sur les déterminants socioculturels de ces actions criminelles, dans une combinaison individuelle, conjoncturelle et sociétale. Cet examen détaillé autorise ensuite la modélisation des processus criminels à l’œuvre, selon le genre et l’âge des perpétrateurs. Les niveaux de criticité des facteurs de risque identifiés sont estimés, afin de faire émerger les « coupes minimales » d’un « arbre des causes » (phase pré-accidentelle). Celui-ci s’agrège à un arbre des conséquences (phase post-accidentelle), autour de « l’événement redouté central » que constitue l’acte de « school shooting ». Ce modèle discursif en forme de « nœud papillon » suppose in fine la déclinaison de barrières de mitigation des risques qui préfigurent, dans une approche transactionnelle de la sécurité, une stratégie globale et pluridisciplinaire d’anticipation des meurtres de masse dans les écoles, collèges, lycées et universités

This doctoral thesis proposes a rational and scientific approach to the phenomenon of paroxysmal violence in schools. Through the prism of urban “cindynics” (risk science), we first highlight the possible motivations of violent reaction against the school system and its actors. Are they sufficient to explain the use of extreme violence ? We secondly offer some consolidated elements to answer, based on 156 events spread over a century across 5 continents and 25 countries. After extensive focus on spaces of commission, a typology of the perpetrators is precisely established. The analysis then focuses on socio-cultural determinants of these criminal actions in a single, cyclical and societal combination.This detailed review then allows the modeling of criminal processes at work, gender and age of the perpetrators. Criticality levels of identified risk factors are estimated to bring out the “minimum cuts” of a causal tree (pre-accident phase). It aggregates to a tree consequences (post-accident phase) around the “central event dreaded” that is the act of school shooting. The interest of the “bow tie” thus formed extends beyond the stage of diagnosis. This discursive model assumes ultimately declination barriers of risk mitigation that prefigure, in a transactional approach to security, a comprehensive and multidisciplinary strategy of anticipation to mass murders in French and European schools or universities

Advisors/Committee Members: Laclémence, Patrick (thesis director), Châtelet, Éric (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Meurtre multiple en milieu scolaire; Violence en milieu scolaire; Cindyniques; School shootings; School violence; Risk assessment; 371.78

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APA (6^th Edition):

Van Meenen, J. (2014). La violence paroxystique en milieu scolaire : approche cindynique et opérationnelle d'anticipation du risque : Paroxysmal violence in schools : cindynic and operational approach to risk anticipation. (Doctoral Dissertation). Troyes. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0026

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Van Meenen, Jean-Marc. “La violence paroxystique en milieu scolaire : approche cindynique et opérationnelle d'anticipation du risque : Paroxysmal violence in schools : cindynic and operational approach to risk anticipation.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Troyes. Accessed February 25, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0026.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Van Meenen, Jean-Marc. “La violence paroxystique en milieu scolaire : approche cindynique et opérationnelle d'anticipation du risque : Paroxysmal violence in schools : cindynic and operational approach to risk anticipation.” 2014. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Van Meenen J. La violence paroxystique en milieu scolaire : approche cindynique et opérationnelle d'anticipation du risque : Paroxysmal violence in schools : cindynic and operational approach to risk anticipation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Troyes; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0026.

Council of Science Editors:

Van Meenen J. La violence paroxystique en milieu scolaire : approche cindynique et opérationnelle d'anticipation du risque : Paroxysmal violence in schools : cindynic and operational approach to risk anticipation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Troyes; 2014. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0026

University of Wisconsin – Stout

10. Kirkman, Nathan. Targeted violence: a review of six school shootings and implications for school counselors.

Degree: 2008, University of Wisconsin – Stout

URL: http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008kirkmann.pdf ; http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/42729

Subjects/Keywords: School shootings – Prevention; Student counselors – Education; School violence – Prevention

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kirkman, N. (2008). Targeted violence: a review of six school shootings and implications for school counselors. (Thesis). University of Wisconsin – Stout. Retrieved from http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008kirkmann.pdf ; http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/42729

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kirkman, Nathan. “Targeted violence: a review of six school shootings and implications for school counselors.” 2008. Thesis, University of Wisconsin – Stout. Accessed February 25, 2021. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008kirkmann.pdf ; http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/42729.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kirkman, Nathan. “Targeted violence: a review of six school shootings and implications for school counselors.” 2008. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Kirkman N. Targeted violence: a review of six school shootings and implications for school counselors. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Stout; 2008. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008kirkmann.pdf ; http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/42729.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kirkman N. Targeted violence: a review of six school shootings and implications for school counselors. [Thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Stout; 2008. Available from: http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008kirkmann.pdf ; http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/42729

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Kennesaw State University

11. Massey, Jennifer Lynn. Faculty Perspectives of a School-Based Mental Health Program In a Rural School District.

Degree: Doctor of Education in Teacher Leadership (EdD), Educational Leadership, 2015, Kennesaw State University

URL: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/teachleaddoc_etd/6

► School-based mental health centers provide promising solutions to the nationwide problem of high school dropouts and help students tackle the many barriers that may… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: mental health; dropout; special education; school-based mental health services; school shootings; children and adolescents mental disorders; Mental and Social Health

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APA (6^th Edition):

Massey, J. L. (2015). Faculty Perspectives of a School-Based Mental Health Program In a Rural School District. (Thesis). Kennesaw State University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/teachleaddoc_etd/6

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Massey, Jennifer Lynn. “Faculty Perspectives of a School-Based Mental Health Program In a Rural School District.” 2015. Thesis, Kennesaw State University. Accessed February 25, 2021. https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/teachleaddoc_etd/6.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Massey, Jennifer Lynn. “Faculty Perspectives of a School-Based Mental Health Program In a Rural School District.” 2015. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Massey JL. Faculty Perspectives of a School-Based Mental Health Program In a Rural School District. [Internet] [Thesis]. Kennesaw State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/teachleaddoc_etd/6.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Massey JL. Faculty Perspectives of a School-Based Mental Health Program In a Rural School District. [Thesis]. Kennesaw State University; 2015. Available from: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/teachleaddoc_etd/6

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Northeastern University

12. Abrams, Zachary A. School shooting prevention and response at the building level.

Degree: EdD, School of Education, 2016, Northeastern University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20236437

► School violence has increased dramatically over the last decade. There have been many school shootings since the devastating mass shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: emergency protocols; preparation; prevention; response; School violence; Prevention; School shootings; Prevention; Emergency management; Schools; Safety measures

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APA (6^th Edition):

Abrams, Z. A. (2016). School shooting prevention and response at the building level. (Doctoral Dissertation). Northeastern University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20236437

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Abrams, Zachary A. “School shooting prevention and response at the building level.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Northeastern University. Accessed February 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20236437.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Abrams, Zachary A. “School shooting prevention and response at the building level.” 2016. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Abrams ZA. School shooting prevention and response at the building level. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Northeastern University; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20236437.

Council of Science Editors:

Abrams ZA. School shooting prevention and response at the building level. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Northeastern University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20236437

University of Toledo

13. Dagenhard, Paige C, Dagenhard. Principals Perceptions of ALICE Training in Public High Schools.

Degree: PhD, Health Education, 2017, University of Toledo

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1501598726547038

► Introduction: Active Shooter Events continue to be a rising public health concern in the United States within communities as well as schools. According to the… (more)

▼ Introduction: Active Shooter Events continue to be a rising public health concern in the United States within communities as well as schools. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, between the years 2000 and 2013 there was an average of 11.4 active shooter incidents occurring annually with a drastic increase between 2007 and 20139. While the incidents of mass murder are increasing, so too are the fatalities from a firearm with 7 in the year 2000 and 90 in 20129. Incidents of mass murder have been particularly problematic with a total of 138 mass shooting events occurring in the first 5 months of 201712. While some of the active shooting incidents are targeted at a particular group and most often relate to gang activity or personal feuds, the shootings that have occurred in a school are more commonly referred to as “school rampage shootings”13. These rampages target mass murder and the choices of victims are relatively indiscriminate and often are done for the reason of political or institutional ideals13. Purpose: The Alert, Lockdown, Inform, Counter, Evacuate (ALICE) training program is an active shooter preparedness training that encompasses options-based, proactive, survival strategies in the event of an active shooter. ALICE is meant to decrease the number of casualties in an active shooter event. ALICE is a technique that teaches students, teachers and administrators to have an active approach during an incident. The overall purpose of this study was to assess public high school principals’ who had been ALICE Trained, perceptions of the effectiveness of ALICE (Alert, Lockdown, Inform, Counter, Evacuate) training, their self-efficacy in using ALICE training to handle an active shooter situation, and the benefits and barriers that school administrators may experience when trying to implement an ALICE training service in the public high schools. Methods: An electronic survey was administered to 180 principals who had been ALICE Trained in the past 3 years. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, T-test, Pearson Correlation, Analysis of variance tests, multiple logistic regression and a Principal Components analysis. Results: The results of this study concluded that principals perceived ALICE training to be an effective training in schools. They also felt confident in completing the trained steps in the event of an active shooter and perceived it to limit casualty. The principals had strongly agreed on multiple benefits that ALICE training contributed to and only a few principals listed cost and time as a barrier. Conclusions: ALICE training can be viewed as an effective training for public high schools according to trained principals. Advisors/Committee Members: Thompson, Amy (Committee Chair).

Subjects/Keywords: Health Education; School Administration; Public Health; active shooter events, ALICE training, firearm violence, public schools, school shootings

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dagenhard, Paige C, D. (2017). Principals Perceptions of ALICE Training in Public High Schools. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Toledo. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1501598726547038

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dagenhard, Paige C, Dagenhard. “Principals Perceptions of ALICE Training in Public High Schools.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Toledo. Accessed February 25, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1501598726547038.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dagenhard, Paige C, Dagenhard. “Principals Perceptions of ALICE Training in Public High Schools.” 2017. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Dagenhard, Paige C D. Principals Perceptions of ALICE Training in Public High Schools. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Toledo; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1501598726547038.

Council of Science Editors:

Dagenhard, Paige C D. Principals Perceptions of ALICE Training in Public High Schools. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Toledo; 2017. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1501598726547038

The Ohio State University

14. Berres, Allen W. Social drama, crisis, and the Columbine High School shooting.

Degree: PhD, English, 2005, The Ohio State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1103763159

► The shootings at Columbine High School on April 20, 1999 constitute what Victor Turner classified as a social drama. The shootings were intended to resolve… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Folklore; Folklore; Social drama; School shootings; Columbine High School

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APA (6^th Edition):

Berres, A. W. (2005). Social drama, crisis, and the Columbine High School shooting. (Doctoral Dissertation). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1103763159

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Berres, Allen W. “Social drama, crisis, and the Columbine High School shooting.” 2005. Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University. Accessed February 25, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1103763159.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Berres, Allen W. “Social drama, crisis, and the Columbine High School shooting.” 2005. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Berres AW. Social drama, crisis, and the Columbine High School shooting. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2005. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1103763159.

Council of Science Editors:

Berres AW. Social drama, crisis, and the Columbine High School shooting. [Doctoral Dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2005. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1103763159

Texas State University – San Marcos

15. Paris, Barbara. Lessons Left to Learn: A school shooting Case Study.

Degree: PhD, School Improvement, 2019, Texas State University – San Marcos

URL: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/8136

► Safety is widely assumed to be a high priority for both policy and practice in American schools, and yet school shootings continue to occur. It… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: School shooting; Cognitive resource theory; Organizational theory; Leakage; Contagion; Risk factors; Threat assessment; Crisis prevention; Preparedness; Response; School shootings

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APA (6^th Edition):

Paris, B. (2019). Lessons Left to Learn: A school shooting Case Study. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas State University – San Marcos. Retrieved from https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/8136

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Paris, Barbara. “Lessons Left to Learn: A school shooting Case Study.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas State University – San Marcos. Accessed February 25, 2021. https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/8136.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Paris, Barbara. “Lessons Left to Learn: A school shooting Case Study.” 2019. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Paris B. Lessons Left to Learn: A school shooting Case Study. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas State University – San Marcos; 2019. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/8136.

Council of Science Editors:

Paris B. Lessons Left to Learn: A school shooting Case Study. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas State University – San Marcos; 2019. Available from: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/8136

Kent State University

16. Clifford, Zachary Lee. Anthem.

Degree: MFA, College of the Arts / School of Art, 2019, Kent State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1574675376205461

► Anthem serves to share both analytical data and emotional connections to the viewer on the subject of school shootings in the US. Black and white… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Fine Arts; Mass Media; Modern History; Political Science; Gun violence; School Shootings; Protest; Printmaking; Punk; DIY; US Shootings; USA; Guns; Flags; American Flags; Desecration of Flags; Mourning; Protest Art; Punk Art; Antifascist, Mass shootings; Flag Art; Artist Book; Zines; Counter-Culture; Textiles

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APA (6^th Edition):

Clifford, Z. L. (2019). Anthem. (Masters Thesis). Kent State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1574675376205461

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Clifford, Zachary Lee. “Anthem.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Kent State University. Accessed February 25, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1574675376205461.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Clifford, Zachary Lee. “Anthem.” 2019. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Clifford ZL. Anthem. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kent State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1574675376205461.

Council of Science Editors:

Clifford ZL. Anthem. [Masters Thesis]. Kent State University; 2019. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1574675376205461

University of Arkansas

17. Brown, Carleton H. School Counselors Lived Experience of a Rampage School Shooting.

Degree: PhD, 2015, University of Arkansas

URL: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1321

► Minimal research has been conducted to examine school counselors’ lived experiences of rampage school shootings. The purpose of this research is to increase school… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Psychology; Education; Crisis framework; School counseling; School counselor response to school shooting framework; School crisis; School crisis interventions; School shootings; Child Psychology; Counseling Psychology; Student Counseling and Personnel Services

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APA (6^th Edition):

Brown, C. H. (2015). School Counselors Lived Experience of a Rampage School Shooting. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arkansas. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1321

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brown, Carleton H. “School Counselors Lived Experience of a Rampage School Shooting.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arkansas. Accessed February 25, 2021. https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1321.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brown, Carleton H. “School Counselors Lived Experience of a Rampage School Shooting.” 2015. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Brown CH. School Counselors Lived Experience of a Rampage School Shooting. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arkansas; 2015. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1321.

Council of Science Editors:

Brown CH. School Counselors Lived Experience of a Rampage School Shooting. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arkansas; 2015. Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1321

18. Weber, Marcela Caroline. Natural Disasters, Incidents Of Mass Violence, And Preparedness On A College Campus: A Study Of University Faculty And Staff.

Degree: MA, Psychology, 2017, University of Mississippi

URL: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd/803

► The objective of this study was to examine previous disaster impact, threat perception, self-efficacy, and sex as predictors of university employees’ preparedness for natural disasters… (more)

▼ The objective of this study was to examine previous disaster impact, threat perception, self-efficacy, and sex as predictors of university employees’ preparedness for natural disasters and incidents of mass violence. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with faculty and staff members (N = 410) at a medium-sized university located in the southern United States. Employees’ sex, disaster experience, impact of that experience, perceived threat, and self-efficacy were examined as predictors of actual preparedness, across a range of natural disasters and incidents of mass violence. Drawing from the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM; Figure 1), a moderated mediation model (Figure 2) was hypothesized and partially supported. For natural disasters, experience and sex had direct effects on perceived susceptibility (coefficients were a1i = .094, p = .001 for experience and a2i = .226, p = .010 for sex), but perceived susceptibility did not mediate the effect of disaster experience on preparedness behavior (b1i = .036, p = .255), nor did disaster experience have a significant direct effect (c' = -.038, p = .136). However, both self-efficacy and disaster impact had direct effects on preparedness behavior (self-efficacy coefficient b3 = .243, p < .0001, disaster impact coefficient b2 = .038, p = .045), and self-efficacy further moderated the effect of disaster impact (b6 = .035, p = .015). For incidents of mass violence, perceived susceptibility mediated the effect of experience on preparedness behavior (b1i = .074, p = .009), when self-efficacy was high and employees were female. As with natural disasters, experience and sex had direct effects on perceived susceptibility (a1i = .963, p = .020 for experience; a2i = -.255, p = .034). Self-efficacy also had a direct effect on preparedness behavior (b3 = .150, p < .0001). These results support EPPM theory in that threat messages and perceptions correspond to increased preparedness behavior when paired with self-efficacy for responding to disasters. Therefore, it is recommended that institutions of higher education employ disaster preparedness programs that focus on educating employees with regard to cultivating accurate threat perceptions and building their confidence in responding to disasters. Advisors/Committee Members: Stefan E. Schulenberg, Elicia Lair, Michael T. Allen.

Subjects/Keywords: Disaster Preparedness; Extended Parallel Process Model (Eppm); Higher Education; Natural Disasters; School Shootings; Self-Efficacy; Psychology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Weber, M. C. (2017). Natural Disasters, Incidents Of Mass Violence, And Preparedness On A College Campus: A Study Of University Faculty And Staff. (Masters Thesis). University of Mississippi. Retrieved from https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd/803

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Weber, Marcela Caroline. “Natural Disasters, Incidents Of Mass Violence, And Preparedness On A College Campus: A Study Of University Faculty And Staff.” 2017. Masters Thesis, University of Mississippi. Accessed February 25, 2021. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd/803.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Weber, Marcela Caroline. “Natural Disasters, Incidents Of Mass Violence, And Preparedness On A College Campus: A Study Of University Faculty And Staff.” 2017. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Weber MC. Natural Disasters, Incidents Of Mass Violence, And Preparedness On A College Campus: A Study Of University Faculty And Staff. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Mississippi; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd/803.

Council of Science Editors:

Weber MC. Natural Disasters, Incidents Of Mass Violence, And Preparedness On A College Campus: A Study Of University Faculty And Staff. [Masters Thesis]. University of Mississippi; 2017. Available from: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd/803

Arizona State University

19. Fisher, Rosalie. Film and Emotional Contagion: Audiencing, Witnessing, and Performing the Lingua Franca of Compassion.

Degree: Communication Studies, 2019, Arizona State University

URL: http://repository.asu.edu/items/54824

► Utilizing visual semiotics and performance theories as a backdrop to inform a discussion regarding entertainment education and community dialogue, this study explores a unique case… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Communication; Behavioral sciences; Film studies; Civil Dialogue; compassion; emotional contagion; performance in everyday life; school shootings; visual capital

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fisher, R. (2019). Film and Emotional Contagion: Audiencing, Witnessing, and Performing the Lingua Franca of Compassion. (Doctoral Dissertation). Arizona State University. Retrieved from http://repository.asu.edu/items/54824

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fisher, Rosalie. “Film and Emotional Contagion: Audiencing, Witnessing, and Performing the Lingua Franca of Compassion.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Arizona State University. Accessed February 25, 2021. http://repository.asu.edu/items/54824.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fisher, Rosalie. “Film and Emotional Contagion: Audiencing, Witnessing, and Performing the Lingua Franca of Compassion.” 2019. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Fisher R. Film and Emotional Contagion: Audiencing, Witnessing, and Performing the Lingua Franca of Compassion. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Arizona State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: http://repository.asu.edu/items/54824.

Council of Science Editors:

Fisher R. Film and Emotional Contagion: Audiencing, Witnessing, and Performing the Lingua Franca of Compassion. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Arizona State University; 2019. Available from: http://repository.asu.edu/items/54824

California State University – Northridge

20. Nersisyan, Ken. Will Gun Control Eliminate Mass Killings in Our Schools?.

Degree: M.P.A., Public Administration, 8, California State University – Northridge

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/205596

► Recent mass shootings in the United States have received extensive news media coverage and triggered massive public outcry for stricter gun regulations. Most of these… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: School shootings; Dissertations, Academic – CSUN – Public Administration.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nersisyan, K. (8). Will Gun Control Eliminate Mass Killings in Our Schools?. (Masters Thesis). California State University – Northridge. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/205596

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nersisyan, Ken. “Will Gun Control Eliminate Mass Killings in Our Schools?.” 8. Masters Thesis, California State University – Northridge. Accessed February 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/205596.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nersisyan, Ken. “Will Gun Control Eliminate Mass Killings in Our Schools?.” 8. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Nersisyan K. Will Gun Control Eliminate Mass Killings in Our Schools?. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. California State University – Northridge; 8. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/205596.

Council of Science Editors:

Nersisyan K. Will Gun Control Eliminate Mass Killings in Our Schools?. [Masters Thesis]. California State University – Northridge; 8. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/205596

Texas State University – San Marcos

21. Houlton, Shelrie Dawn. Idea Generation in Group Decision-Making During School Shooting Simulations.

Degree: PhD, Geographic Information Science, 2013, Texas State University – San Marcos

URL: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/4681

► Increasingly, many policy decisions are made by groups consisting of individuals with diverse educational backgrounds, experience and agendas. Such diversity within a group can lead… (more)

▼ Increasingly, many policy decisions are made by groups consisting of individuals with diverse educational backgrounds, experience and agendas. Such diversity within a group can lead to a rich tapestry of information on which to build an informed decision, but can also lead to communication breakdown when the diversity creates competition, instead of integration, of viewpoints. This research examines the effectiveness of the design elements of animation, interactivity and agent-based modeling in support of understanding spatial information in decision-making tasks. Small groups consisting of diverse stakeholders are observed using a geosimulation as a tool to aid in understanding complex systems for the purpose of supporting sapatial decision-making. The groups are tasked with choosing additional exits for evacuation of students and staff for potential school shooting scenarios. The groups also use a blueprint in an additional session for the same task for comparison to the geosimulation results. The analysis is based on both the dialogue of the groups and a questionnaire that each participant filled out at the end of each session. Thematic analysis was applied to the dialogue to identify ideas that were developed by the groups for exit placement and Adaptive Structuration was applied to the themes to determine which themes were developed using the geosimulation and the blueprint. A Chi-square test of homogeneity was used to compare the questionnaire answers between the geosimulation and the blueprint. Thematic analysis was also applied to the answers of the questionnaire. Both the geosimulation and the blueprint aided in developing ideas for exit placement during the sessions. The geosimulation sessions resulted in more ideas among more groups than the blueprint sessions. In addition, the groups determined that the geosimulation was more effective for understanding the system, as well as exposing unexpected issues arising from emergent properties of the system, than the blueprint. This supports the use of the geosimulation as an effective tool in aiding decision-making. Advisors/Committee Members: Fuhrmann, Sven (advisor), Fonstad, Mark (committee member), Giordano, Alberto (committee member), Tiefenbacher, John (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Spatial decision-making; Animation; Interactivity; Agent-based Modeling; Emergency management; School shootings; Visualization; Computer animation; Geographic information systems; Second Life (Game)

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APA (6^th Edition):

Houlton, S. D. (2013). Idea Generation in Group Decision-Making During School Shooting Simulations. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas State University – San Marcos. Retrieved from https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/4681

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Houlton, Shelrie Dawn. “Idea Generation in Group Decision-Making During School Shooting Simulations.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas State University – San Marcos. Accessed February 25, 2021. https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/4681.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Houlton, Shelrie Dawn. “Idea Generation in Group Decision-Making During School Shooting Simulations.” 2013. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Houlton SD. Idea Generation in Group Decision-Making During School Shooting Simulations. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas State University – San Marcos; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/4681.

Council of Science Editors:

Houlton SD. Idea Generation in Group Decision-Making During School Shooting Simulations. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas State University – San Marcos; 2013. Available from: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/4681

Georgia Southern University

22. Hart, Melanie A. Mass School Shootings: Predicting the Usage of Firearms in Acts of School Violence.

Degree: MA, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, 2014, Georgia Southern University

URL: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/1190

► Due to increased media attention and associated fear, school shootings have become a major concern for the public. Attempts to predict and prevent shootings… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: ETD; firearms; school violence; school shootings; school characteristics; Criminal Procedure; Criminology and Criminal Justice; Jack N. Averitt College of Graduate Studies, Electronic Theses & Dissertations, ETDs, Student Research

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hart, M. A. (2014). Mass School Shootings: Predicting the Usage of Firearms in Acts of School Violence. (Masters Thesis). Georgia Southern University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/1190

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hart, Melanie A. “Mass School Shootings: Predicting the Usage of Firearms in Acts of School Violence.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Georgia Southern University. Accessed February 25, 2021. https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/1190.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hart, Melanie A. “Mass School Shootings: Predicting the Usage of Firearms in Acts of School Violence.” 2014. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Hart MA. Mass School Shootings: Predicting the Usage of Firearms in Acts of School Violence. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Georgia Southern University; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/1190.

Council of Science Editors:

Hart MA. Mass School Shootings: Predicting the Usage of Firearms in Acts of School Violence. [Masters Thesis]. Georgia Southern University; 2014. Available from: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/1190

23. Wilcox, Nicole Marie. Building Features that Impact Perceptions of Safety as Seen Through the Eyes of Students and Teachers.

Degree: EdD, Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, 2018, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84532

► When students perceive their surroundings as being safe and comfortable, they can concentrate on higher order tasks such as learning (Bowen et al., 1998); a… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Keywords: Safety; School Safety; Perceptions; School Climate; School Shootings

…Research conducted surrounding school shootings and school climate has directed the spotlight on… …of school safety, school shootings, school climate and safety, safety features in schools… …for its influence on violent behaviors, such as school shootings. The varieties of violent… …of safety. Lastly, incidences of school shootings will be examined. Bullying. Bullying has… …2015). Psychologists think that the motivating factor behind school shootings has been…

10 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wilcox, N. M. (2018). Building Features that Impact Perceptions of Safety as Seen Through the Eyes of Students and Teachers. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84532

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wilcox, Nicole Marie. “Building Features that Impact Perceptions of Safety as Seen Through the Eyes of Students and Teachers.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed February 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84532.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wilcox, Nicole Marie. “Building Features that Impact Perceptions of Safety as Seen Through the Eyes of Students and Teachers.” 2018. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Wilcox NM. Building Features that Impact Perceptions of Safety as Seen Through the Eyes of Students and Teachers. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2018. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84532.

Council of Science Editors:

Wilcox NM. Building Features that Impact Perceptions of Safety as Seen Through the Eyes of Students and Teachers. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84532

Rutgers University

24. Cedeno, Linda. The impact of exposure to school violence and the role of hope in low-income, urban youth.

Degree: MS, Psychology, 2007, Rutgers University

URL: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.13451

► The purpose of the current study was to investigate the prevalence and impact of personal victimization and witnessing violence in the school setting in a… (more)

▼ The purpose of the current study was to investigate the prevalence and impact of personal victimization and witnessing violence in the school setting in a sample of low-income, ethnic-minority children. In addition, hope was examined as a potential protective factor in buffing youth from the development of problem behaviors in the context of school-specific violence. It was hypothesized that exposure to school violence would be positively associated with externalizing symptoms. Additionally, it was hypothesized that hope would be positively related to indices of adjustment, and inversely related to problem behaviors. Finally, exploratory questions suggested by extant research were posed further investigating associations between exposure to school violence and adjustment. Additionally, the moderating effects of hope and gender on the linkages between exposure to school violence and psychological and behavioral functioning were examined. Data were derived from a longitudinal primary prevention research project evaluating the impact of a social and emotional learning curriculum. Participants were approximately 161 African-American and Latino fifth graders. Students completed self-reports of self-concept and hope. Teachers completed a teacher-rated survey assessing levels of problem behaviors, social skills, and academic competence for each student in their class. Results indicated that the majority of youth had been personally victimized and witnessed violence on one or more occasion during a three-month period. In addition, exposure to school violence was positively associated with problem behaviors, and negatively associated with social skills, self-concept, and academic competence, most notably for males. Moreover, hope provided a buffering effect on females' self-concept for those witnessing higher levels of school violence. Implications of both the prevalence and impact of exposure to school violence, as well as the limited moderating effects of hope found in the current study are discussed in relation to intervention efforts and strengthening future research sampling low-income, ethnic-minority youth. Advisors/Committee Members: Elias, Maurice (chair), Chu, Brian (co-chair), Kelly, Shalonda (co-chair).

Subjects/Keywords: Campus violence; School shootings; School vandalism; School violence; Urban youth; City children

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cedeno, L. (2007). The impact of exposure to school violence and the role of hope in low-income, urban youth. (Masters Thesis). Rutgers University. Retrieved from http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.13451

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cedeno, Linda. “The impact of exposure to school violence and the role of hope in low-income, urban youth.” 2007. Masters Thesis, Rutgers University. Accessed February 25, 2021. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.13451.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cedeno, Linda. “The impact of exposure to school violence and the role of hope in low-income, urban youth.” 2007. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Cedeno L. The impact of exposure to school violence and the role of hope in low-income, urban youth. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Rutgers University; 2007. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.13451.

Council of Science Editors:

Cedeno L. The impact of exposure to school violence and the role of hope in low-income, urban youth. [Masters Thesis]. Rutgers University; 2007. Available from: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.13451

Texas State University – San Marcos

25. Schildkraut, Jaclyn V. Mass Murder and the Mass Media: An Examination of the Media Discourse on U.S. Rampage Shootings, 2000-2012.

Degree: PhD, Criminal Justice, 2014, Texas State University – San Marcos

URL: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/4947

► Nearly as soon as the first shot is fired, the news media already are rushing to break coverage of rampage shooting events, the likes of… (more)

▼ Nearly as soon as the first shot is fired, the news media already are rushing to break coverage of rampage shooting events, the likes of which typically last days or, in the more extreme cases, weeks. Though rampage shootings are rare in occurrence, the disproportionate amount of coverage they receive in the media leads the public to believe that they occur at a much more regular frequency than they do. Further, within this group of specialized events, there is a greater tendency to focus on those that are the most newsworthy, which is categorized most often by those with the highest body counts. This biased presentation can lead to a number of outcomes, including fear of crime, behavioral changes, and even copycat attacks from other, like-minded perpetrators. Following the 1999 shooting at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, the news media have compartmentalized different types of mass shootings. This fracturing has led to differential understanding of school shootings, workplace shootings, shootings at religious centers, and other mass shootings taking place in public forums (e.g., malls, movie theaters). In reality, there are few differences between these events, yet for some reason, they are covered differently. The result is not only a vast public misconception about them, but ineffective and redundant policies and legislation related to gun control and mental health, among other issues. In order to understand how the public comes to understand rampage shooting events, one must first understand how the stories are constructed by the media. This project seeks to undertake such a task by examining the social construction of rampage shootings that occurred between 2000 and 2012. In addition to understanding how these events are constructed both individually and as the phenomenon of rampage shootings, it enables the researcher to examine how this construction changes over time. As the media are by no means static, one could predict that the framing of these events would be equally as dynamic. There are a number of benefits to uniting different types of mass shootings under a single definition. First, topical research can be approached from multiple disciplines, which will allow for a more robust body of research. This can, in turn, lead to more streamlined and effective legislation and policies. Finally, understanding rampage shootings as episodic violent crime is beneficial because it allows for these events to be understood in the greater context of violent crime. This understanding ultimately can lead to more responsible journalistic practices, which can help to reduce the outcomes of fear and crime and moral panics over events that are both rare and isolated. This dissertation takes an important first step in understanding rampage shootings by examining them as a product of the news media. Berger and Luckmann’s social construction theory provides a theoretical orientation through which to understand how these stories are constructed in the media, and Altheide and Schneider’s (2013) qualitative media… Advisors/Committee Members: Stafford, Mark C. (advisor), Felson, Marcus K. (committee member), Bowman, Scott W. (committee member), Muschert, Glenn W. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Rampage shootings; Media discourse; Columbine; Sandy Hook; Social problems; Mass murder – United States; Mass media and culture; Mass media – Social aspects; School shootings; Firearms – Social aspects – United States; Columbine High School Massacre, Littleton, Colo., 1999; Violence in mass media

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Schildkraut, J. V. (2014). Mass Murder and the Mass Media: An Examination of the Media Discourse on U.S. Rampage Shootings, 2000-2012. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas State University – San Marcos. Retrieved from https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/4947

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Schildkraut, Jaclyn V. “Mass Murder and the Mass Media: An Examination of the Media Discourse on U.S. Rampage Shootings, 2000-2012.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas State University – San Marcos. Accessed February 25, 2021. https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/4947.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Schildkraut, Jaclyn V. “Mass Murder and the Mass Media: An Examination of the Media Discourse on U.S. Rampage Shootings, 2000-2012.” 2014. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Schildkraut JV. Mass Murder and the Mass Media: An Examination of the Media Discourse on U.S. Rampage Shootings, 2000-2012. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas State University – San Marcos; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/4947.

Council of Science Editors:

Schildkraut JV. Mass Murder and the Mass Media: An Examination of the Media Discourse on U.S. Rampage Shootings, 2000-2012. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas State University – San Marcos; 2014. Available from: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/4947

Michigan State University

26. Kolenic, Anthony James. 'Shoot the whole day down' : school shootings and mediated performance, 1979 – 2009.

Degree: 2011, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:451

►

Thesis Ph. D. Michigan State University. American Studies 2011.

This dissertation examines the performative uses of media in violent actions like school shootings throughout the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: School shootings – Social aspects – United States; School shootings – Social aspects – Europe; School violence – United States – Psychological aspects – United States; School violence – United States – Psychological aspects – Europe; Celebrities; Popular culture – United States; Popular culture – Europe; Mass media – United States; Mass media – Europe; School violence – Psychological aspects; Popular culture; Mass media; American studies

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kolenic, A. J. (2011). 'Shoot the whole day down' : school shootings and mediated performance, 1979 – 2009. (Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:451

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kolenic, Anthony James. “'Shoot the whole day down' : school shootings and mediated performance, 1979 – 2009.” 2011. Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed February 25, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:451.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kolenic, Anthony James. “'Shoot the whole day down' : school shootings and mediated performance, 1979 – 2009.” 2011. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Kolenic AJ. 'Shoot the whole day down' : school shootings and mediated performance, 1979 – 2009. [Internet] [Thesis]. Michigan State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:451.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kolenic AJ. 'Shoot the whole day down' : school shootings and mediated performance, 1979 – 2009. [Thesis]. Michigan State University; 2011. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:451

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

27. Olsson, Johan. A Client-Server Solution for Detecting Guns in School Environment using Deep Learning Techniques.

Degree: Faculty of Science & Engineering, 2019, Linköping UniversityLinköping University

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-162476

► With the progress of deep learning methods the last couple of years, object detection related tasks are improving rapidly. Using object detection for detecting… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: machine learning; gun detection; tensorflow; server; client; training; school shootings; school environment; gun control; SSD; RetinaNet; transfer learning; AI; surveillance; IP; network; camera; Axis; Communications; Media and Communication Technology; Medieteknik

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APA (6^th Edition):

Olsson, J. (2019). A Client-Server Solution for Detecting Guns in School Environment using Deep Learning Techniques. (Thesis). Linköping UniversityLinköping University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-162476

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Olsson, Johan. “A Client-Server Solution for Detecting Guns in School Environment using Deep Learning Techniques.” 2019. Thesis, Linköping UniversityLinköping University. Accessed February 25, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-162476.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Olsson, Johan. “A Client-Server Solution for Detecting Guns in School Environment using Deep Learning Techniques.” 2019. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Olsson J. A Client-Server Solution for Detecting Guns in School Environment using Deep Learning Techniques. [Internet] [Thesis]. Linköping UniversityLinköping University; 2019. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-162476.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Olsson J. A Client-Server Solution for Detecting Guns in School Environment using Deep Learning Techniques. [Thesis]. Linköping UniversityLinköping University; 2019. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-162476

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

28. Olsson, Johan. A Client-Server Solution for Detecting Guns in School Environment using Deep Learning Techniques.

Degree: The Institute of Technology, 2019, Linköping UniversityLinköping University

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165371

►

Att använda maskininlärning för att detektera vapen eliminerar en konstant mänsklig övervakning, vilket också kan leda till en lägre responstid till polis. I den… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: machine learning; gun detection; tensorflow; server; client; training; school shootings; school environment; gun control; SSD; RetinaNet; transfer learning; AI; surveillance; IP; network; camera; Axis; Communications; Media and Communication Technology; Medieteknik

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Olsson, J. (2019). A Client-Server Solution for Detecting Guns in School Environment using Deep Learning Techniques. (Thesis). Linköping UniversityLinköping University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165371

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Olsson, Johan. “A Client-Server Solution for Detecting Guns in School Environment using Deep Learning Techniques.” 2019. Thesis, Linköping UniversityLinköping University. Accessed February 25, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165371.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Olsson, Johan. “A Client-Server Solution for Detecting Guns in School Environment using Deep Learning Techniques.” 2019. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Olsson J. A Client-Server Solution for Detecting Guns in School Environment using Deep Learning Techniques. [Internet] [Thesis]. Linköping UniversityLinköping University; 2019. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165371.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Olsson J. A Client-Server Solution for Detecting Guns in School Environment using Deep Learning Techniques. [Thesis]. Linköping UniversityLinköping University; 2019. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165371

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Texas State University – San Marcos

29. Evans, Stacy Alexander. Stages of Grief: Youth, Performance, and the Cult of Columbine.

Degree: MA, Theatre and Dance, 2008, Texas State University – San Marcos

URL: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/9815

No abstract prepared. Advisors/Committee Members: Fleming, John (advisor), Sodders, Richard (committee member), Peirce, Kate (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Creative ability; Columbine High School Massacre; School shootings; Crime; Youth and violence

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APA (6^th Edition):

Evans, S. A. (2008). Stages of Grief: Youth, Performance, and the Cult of Columbine. (Masters Thesis). Texas State University – San Marcos. Retrieved from https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/9815

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Evans, Stacy Alexander. “Stages of Grief: Youth, Performance, and the Cult of Columbine.” 2008. Masters Thesis, Texas State University – San Marcos. Accessed February 25, 2021. https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/9815.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Evans, Stacy Alexander. “Stages of Grief: Youth, Performance, and the Cult of Columbine.” 2008. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Evans SA. Stages of Grief: Youth, Performance, and the Cult of Columbine. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas State University – San Marcos; 2008. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/9815.

Council of Science Editors:

Evans SA. Stages of Grief: Youth, Performance, and the Cult of Columbine. [Masters Thesis]. Texas State University – San Marcos; 2008. Available from: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/9815

30. Brach, John, 1972-. An analysis of mass school shootings and school security in America: the promise of school resource officers.

Degree: MA, SRO, 2019, Rutgers University

URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60540/

► In response to the rise of mass school shootings, schools throughout the nation have had to take a hard look at the safety measures they… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Liberal Studies; School police – United States; School shootings – United States

…Paradice, 2017). Some researchers have classified mass school shootings into two distinct… …guidance from the family, school community, or society, many of these mass school shootings would… …to high school mass shootings. The impact of a mass school shooting on a community and the… …teachers. The study revealed that more school shootings occurred in schools with a larger number… …of students (Baird, et al., 2017). Findings also concluded that school shootings…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Brach, John, 1. (2019). An analysis of mass school shootings and school security in America: the promise of school resource officers. (Masters Thesis). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60540/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brach, John, 1972-. “An analysis of mass school shootings and school security in America: the promise of school resource officers.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Rutgers University. Accessed February 25, 2021. https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60540/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brach, John, 1972-. “An analysis of mass school shootings and school security in America: the promise of school resource officers.” 2019. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Brach, John 1. An analysis of mass school shootings and school security in America: the promise of school resource officers. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Rutgers University; 2019. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60540/.

Council of Science Editors:

Brach, John 1. An analysis of mass school shootings and school security in America: the promise of school resource officers. [Masters Thesis]. Rutgers University; 2019. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60540/

Open Access Theses and Dissertations