subject:(procedural pain)

1. Huang, Stephanie. Efficacy of EMLA Cream in Reducing Venipuncture Pain in a Shorter Application Time in the Pediatric Population .

Degree: 2016, California State University – San Marcos

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/169533

► Venipuncture such as blood draw and intravenous (IV) access are commonly performed in the emergency department (ED) as a diagnostic and treatment intervention. The pain… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: EMLA cream; pain; venipuncture pain; procedural pain; topical anesthetic

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APA (6^th Edition):

Huang, S. (2016). Efficacy of EMLA Cream in Reducing Venipuncture Pain in a Shorter Application Time in the Pediatric Population . (Thesis). California State University – San Marcos. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/169533

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Huang, Stephanie. “Efficacy of EMLA Cream in Reducing Venipuncture Pain in a Shorter Application Time in the Pediatric Population .” 2016. Thesis, California State University – San Marcos. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/169533.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Huang, Stephanie. “Efficacy of EMLA Cream in Reducing Venipuncture Pain in a Shorter Application Time in the Pediatric Population .” 2016. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Huang S. Efficacy of EMLA Cream in Reducing Venipuncture Pain in a Shorter Application Time in the Pediatric Population . [Internet] [Thesis]. California State University – San Marcos; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/169533.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Huang S. Efficacy of EMLA Cream in Reducing Venipuncture Pain in a Shorter Application Time in the Pediatric Population . [Thesis]. California State University – San Marcos; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/169533

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Alberta

2. Shave, Kassi DR. Procedural pain in children: A qualitative study of caregiver experiences and information needs.

Degree: MS, Medical Sciences-Paediatrics, 2016, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cx346d4429

► Background: Procedural pain is the unpleasant sensory and emotional experience children endure when undergoing a medically situated intervention that may cause pain, anxiety, or distress.… (more)

▼ Background: Procedural pain is the unpleasant sensory and emotional experience children endure when undergoing a medically situated intervention that may cause pain, anxiety, or distress. Procedural pain is a major contributor to every child’s experience with acute pain. Poorly managed procedural pain can have short-term and long-term impacts for a child, which can extend and complicate both the procedure and the emergency department (ED) stay. There are many evidence-based physical, pharmacological, and psychological interventions available to manage pain and distress in children undergoing procedures; however, they are under-utilized across Canadian EDs. Knowledge translation (KT) tools are essential to ensure the uptake of evidence in practice. The objective of this study was to actively collaborate with caregivers of children experiencing procedural pain in the ED, and gather information to inform the development of a novel, caregiver-focused KT tool for management strategies for procedural pain. Methods: Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of caregivers of children who attended the ED at the Stollery Children’s Hospital. Our target for this study was children who underwent IV placement or venipuncture within 4 hours prior to the interview. Caregivers of children ages 3 to 12 years were included. Based on previous qualitative research, we anticipated approximately 10-15 interviews would be required to see saturation of the data. Questions moved from general to specific, with interviews later in the data collection period becoming increasingly focused. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was facilitated through the use of NVivo 10. The key stakeholder for this research project was Translating Emergency Knowledge for Kids (TREKK), a National Centre of Excellence in Knowledge Mobilization. TREKK has a parent advisory group that provides input on all TREKK activities, and was involved in and provided feedback throughout the study. Results: Caregivers (n=12) were interviewed in the ED at the Stollery Children’s Hospital. Interviews were conducted within four hours of the child having an IV or venipuncture procedure, and the mean length of interview was 18 minutes. On average, caregivers were caucasian (n=11) mothers (n=9) between the ages of 30-41 (n=11) who were married (n=9), had received a post-secondary education, and reported a household income of >$90,000 per annum. The children of participants in our study were, on average, 7 years old, had an intravenous insertion procedure, and had a history of a chronic medical condition, as described by their caregiver. Analysis of the interviews revealed five major themes: 1) source of healthcare information; 2) delivering healthcare information; 3) communicating with caregivers; 4) procedure-related anxiety and long-term effects; and 5) advice from caregivers. Caregivers expressed that they want to receive information from their healthcare provider, and want the information to be directed…

Subjects/Keywords: procedural pain; knowledge translation; pediatrics; emergency medicine

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APA (6^th Edition):

Shave, K. D. (2016). Procedural pain in children: A qualitative study of caregiver experiences and information needs. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cx346d4429

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Shave, Kassi DR. “Procedural pain in children: A qualitative study of caregiver experiences and information needs.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed December 05, 2019. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cx346d4429.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Shave, Kassi DR. “Procedural pain in children: A qualitative study of caregiver experiences and information needs.” 2016. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Shave KD. Procedural pain in children: A qualitative study of caregiver experiences and information needs. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cx346d4429.

Council of Science Editors:

Shave KD. Procedural pain in children: A qualitative study of caregiver experiences and information needs. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2016. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cx346d4429

Halmstad University

3. Nilsson, Marina. Effekten av lustgas på barn vid procedursmärta.

Degree: Halmstad University, 2016, Halmstad University

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-32596

► Procedursmärta är den vanligaste orsaken till smärta hos barn i sjukvården. Dagligen genomförs diagnostiska och terapeutiska procedurer på barn, som både är skrämmande och… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Nitrous oxide; procedural sedation; procedural pain; child; lustgas; procedursedering; procedursmärta; barn

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nilsson, M. (2016). Effekten av lustgas på barn vid procedursmärta. (Thesis). Halmstad University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-32596

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nilsson, Marina. “Effekten av lustgas på barn vid procedursmärta.” 2016. Thesis, Halmstad University. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-32596.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nilsson, Marina. “Effekten av lustgas på barn vid procedursmärta.” 2016. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Nilsson M. Effekten av lustgas på barn vid procedursmärta. [Internet] [Thesis]. Halmstad University; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-32596.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Nilsson M. Effekten av lustgas på barn vid procedursmärta. [Thesis]. Halmstad University; 2016. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-32596

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Alberta

4. Olmstead, Deborah L. Individual determinants shaping nurses’ use of distraction techniques in managing children’s acute procedural pain.

Degree: Master of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, 2011, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/vt150k145

► In order to eliminate the unnecessary suffering of children requiring painful procedures to diagnose and treat their illness, management of this pain must be a… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: procedural pain; pediatric acute pain; distraction; nurse management

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APA (6^th Edition):

Olmstead, D. L. (2011). Individual determinants shaping nurses’ use of distraction techniques in managing children’s acute procedural pain. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/vt150k145

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Olmstead, Deborah L. “Individual determinants shaping nurses’ use of distraction techniques in managing children’s acute procedural pain.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed December 05, 2019. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/vt150k145.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Olmstead, Deborah L. “Individual determinants shaping nurses’ use of distraction techniques in managing children’s acute procedural pain.” 2011. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Olmstead DL. Individual determinants shaping nurses’ use of distraction techniques in managing children’s acute procedural pain. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2011. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/vt150k145.

Council of Science Editors:

Olmstead DL. Individual determinants shaping nurses’ use of distraction techniques in managing children’s acute procedural pain. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2011. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/vt150k145

University of Toronto

5. Hogan, Mary-Ellen. Reducing Pain in Four- to Six-month Old Infants Undergoing Immunization using a Multi-modal Approach.

Degree: 2011, University of Toronto

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/29558

►

Background: Infant immunization pain is not currently well managed despite effective strategies. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of tactile stimulation when added to a combination… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: pain; infants; immunization; vaccine; procedural pain; tactile stimulation; sucrose; distraction; randomized controlled trial; blinded; injection pain; immunization pain; 0564; 0566; 0569

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hogan, M. (2011). Reducing Pain in Four- to Six-month Old Infants Undergoing Immunization using a Multi-modal Approach. (Masters Thesis). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/29558

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hogan, Mary-Ellen. “Reducing Pain in Four- to Six-month Old Infants Undergoing Immunization using a Multi-modal Approach.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Toronto. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/29558.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hogan, Mary-Ellen. “Reducing Pain in Four- to Six-month Old Infants Undergoing Immunization using a Multi-modal Approach.” 2011. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Hogan M. Reducing Pain in Four- to Six-month Old Infants Undergoing Immunization using a Multi-modal Approach. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Toronto; 2011. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/29558.

Council of Science Editors:

Hogan M. Reducing Pain in Four- to Six-month Old Infants Undergoing Immunization using a Multi-modal Approach. [Masters Thesis]. University of Toronto; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/29558

6. Whitaker, Bernie. The effects of distraction, relaxation, and guided imagery on procedural fear and pain in children.

Degree: PhD, 2002, Federation University Australia

URL: http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/154269

►

The fear and pain of medical procedures are a source of great distress to children. Techniques such as distraction, relaxation and guided imagery help children… (more)

▼

The fear and pain of medical procedures are a source of great distress to children. Techniques such as distraction, relaxation and guided imagery help children to cope, and in some cases, have a marked influence on the experience of fear and pain during painful medical procedures. However, the effects, embedded in the relationships between consciousness, imagery, fear and pain, are unclear, particularly with regard to the clinical (as opposed to the laboratory) reality of procedural pain. The aim of this thesis was to empirically account for the therapeutic effects of distraction, relaxation, and imagery on procedural fear and pain in children and to offer a model based on a constructive view of experience allied to recent advances in neurophysiology that could account for the effects. Two studies were undertaken to address this aim. The first study investigated the effects of cartoon distraction on fear and pain in children undergoing venepuncture. The second study investigated the independent and combined effects of relaxation and imagery on fear and pain in children also undergoing venepuncture. The studies indicated that relaxation, distraction and imagery reduced procedural fear. Procedural pain was not affected by relaxation but distraction showed positive effects as did imagery, particularly if procedural pain was defined in terms of its sensory and emotional components. These effects are explained using a model based on a top-down constructivist view of the psychology and neurophysiology of fear, pain, imagery and consciousness. The neurophysiological components of the model comprised the amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex and association areas within a working memory view of consciousness. The constructivist perspective held that during relaxation the child’s cognitive, emotional and sensorial quality were largely based on the ‘reality’ of the procedure room, but that during imagery and perhaps distraction, the qualia were located elsewhere. The thesis concludes with the relevance of the model for clinical practice and implications for further psychological and neurophysiological research.

Doctor of Philosophy

Subjects/Keywords: Distraction; Relaxation; Guided imagery; Procedural fear; Procedural pain

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APA (6^th Edition):

Whitaker, B. (2002). The effects of distraction, relaxation, and guided imagery on procedural fear and pain in children. (Doctoral Dissertation). Federation University Australia. Retrieved from http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/154269

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Whitaker, Bernie. “The effects of distraction, relaxation, and guided imagery on procedural fear and pain in children.” 2002. Doctoral Dissertation, Federation University Australia. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/154269.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Whitaker, Bernie. “The effects of distraction, relaxation, and guided imagery on procedural fear and pain in children.” 2002. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Whitaker B. The effects of distraction, relaxation, and guided imagery on procedural fear and pain in children. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Federation University Australia; 2002. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/154269.

Council of Science Editors:

Whitaker B. The effects of distraction, relaxation, and guided imagery on procedural fear and pain in children. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Federation University Australia; 2002. Available from: http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/154269

7. Andersson, Lena. Avledningsmetoder vid procedurrelaterad smärta hos barn : en forskningsöversikt.

Degree: Sophiahemmet University College, 2013, Sophiahemmet University College

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-1391

Subjects/Keywords: Pain management; Procedural pain; Child; Distraction

…Artikelsökningen gjordes med sökorden Pain management, Procedural pain, Child och Distraction. I första… …sökningen i PubMed så kombinerades orden child and procedural pain and distraction, 30 stycken… …för artiklar sökning (träffar) Pub Med Child and 30 st 130108 procedural pain and… …med hjälpa av plastbrickor hur ont det har. Bieri- skalan, The Faces Pain Scale, är en… …artiklar hittades och 17 stycken abstract granskades. Den andra sökningen kombinerade orden pain…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Andersson, L. (2013). Avledningsmetoder vid procedurrelaterad smärta hos barn : en forskningsöversikt. (Thesis). Sophiahemmet University College. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-1391

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Andersson, Lena. “Avledningsmetoder vid procedurrelaterad smärta hos barn : en forskningsöversikt.” 2013. Thesis, Sophiahemmet University College. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-1391.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Andersson, Lena. “Avledningsmetoder vid procedurrelaterad smärta hos barn : en forskningsöversikt.” 2013. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Andersson L. Avledningsmetoder vid procedurrelaterad smärta hos barn : en forskningsöversikt. [Internet] [Thesis]. Sophiahemmet University College; 2013. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-1391.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Andersson L. Avledningsmetoder vid procedurrelaterad smärta hos barn : en forskningsöversikt. [Thesis]. Sophiahemmet University College; 2013. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-1391

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Uppsala University

8. Eker, Nicole. Omvårdnadsåtgärder för att minska procedursmärta hos spädbarn : En litteraturstudie.

Degree: Public Health and Caring Sciences, 2019, Uppsala University

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-382114

►

SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund:Inom vården utsätts spädbarn för flertalet medicintekniska moment som kan ge upphov till procedursmärta. För att säkerställa att spädbarnen inte upplever procedursmärta krävs… (more)

▼

SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund:Inom vården utsätts spädbarn för flertalet medicintekniska moment som kan ge upphov till procedursmärta. För att säkerställa att spädbarnen inte upplever procedursmärta krävs omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan minska denna typ av smärta. Omvårdnadsåtgärder som förebygger och minskar procedursmärta hos spädbarn kan vara farmakologiska och icke-farmakologiska. Procedursmärta hos spädbarn ger upphov till ett sjukdomslidande, vilket bör undvikas. Syfte:Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att kartlägga om förebyggande farmakologiska samt icke-farmakologiska omvårdnadsåtgärder kan minska procedursmärta hos spädbarn under medicintekniska moment. Metod:För att besvara syftet gjordes en litteraturstudie med 11 kvantitativa artiklar. Resultat:De farmakologiska omvårdnadsåtgärder som minskar procedursmärta hos spädbarn är sackaros och glukos medan paracetamol är en metod som inte har denna effekt. De icke-farmakologiska omvårdnadsåtgärderna som minskar procedursmärta är bland annat amning, bekanta ljud och att linda spädbarnet. Att linda spädbarnet var även effektivt i kombination med sackaros och icke näringsrikt sugande medan icke näringsrikt sugande verkar smärtförebyggande i kombination med bröstmjölk och stödjande sammanhållning. Hud mot hud vård minskar procedursmärta både ensamt och i kombination med amning. Ingen evidens finns för att klassisk musik minskar procedursmärta hos spädbarn. Slutsats:Det finns evidens för att farmakologiska och icke-farmakologiska omvårdnadsåtgärder minskar procedursmärta hos spädbarn under medicintekniska moment. Trygghet, beröring och närhet är viktiga faktorer för förebyggande av smärta hos spädbarn och kan uppnås genom användandet av olika icke-farmakologiska metoder. Trots att användandet av smärtförebyggande omvårdnadsåtgärder minskar procedursmärta kan frånvaro av smärta och sjukdomslidande inte säkerställas.

ABSTRACT Background:Infants are exposed to several medical technical procedures that can cause procedural pain. To ensure that infants do not experience procedural pain, it is required to find nursing methods that can reduce this type of pain. Nursing methods that prevent and reduce procedural pain in infants can be pharmacological and non-pharmacological. Procedural pain in infants leads to infants suffering from disease, which should be avoided. Aim:The aim of this literature study is to chart if preventive pharmacological and non-pharmacological nursing methods can reduce procedural pain in infants during medical technical procedures. Method:To answer the aim of the study, a literature study with 11 quantitative articles were conducted. Result:The pharmacological methods that reduce procedural pain in infants are sucrose and glucose while paracetamol is a…

Subjects/Keywords: Infant; Procedural Pain; Pain Relief; Suffering from Disease; Nursing; Spädbarn; Procedursmärta; Smärtlindring; Sjukdomslidande; Omvårdnad; Nursing; Omvårdnad

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APA (6^th Edition):

Eker, N. (2019). Omvårdnadsåtgärder för att minska procedursmärta hos spädbarn : En litteraturstudie. (Thesis). Uppsala University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-382114

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Eker, Nicole. “Omvårdnadsåtgärder för att minska procedursmärta hos spädbarn : En litteraturstudie.” 2019. Thesis, Uppsala University. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-382114.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Eker, Nicole. “Omvårdnadsåtgärder för att minska procedursmärta hos spädbarn : En litteraturstudie.” 2019. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Eker N. Omvårdnadsåtgärder för att minska procedursmärta hos spädbarn : En litteraturstudie. [Internet] [Thesis]. Uppsala University; 2019. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-382114.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Eker N. Omvårdnadsåtgärder för att minska procedursmärta hos spädbarn : En litteraturstudie. [Thesis]. Uppsala University; 2019. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-382114

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Jönköping University

9. Berggren, Johanna. Lustgasbehandling vid smärtsamma procedurer : En utvärdering av lustgasbehandling på barn.

Degree: Dep. of Nursing Science, 2018, Jönköping University

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39560

►

Bakgrund: Barn som besöker vården upplever rädsla och oro inför att vårdåtgärder kan tänkas göra ont. Adekvat smärtlindring är viktig för att lindra barns… (more)

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Bakgrund: Barn som besöker vården upplever rädsla och oro inför att vårdåtgärder kan tänkas göra ont. Adekvat smärtlindring är viktig för att lindra barns fysiska och psykiska smärta samt främja god hälsa. Det finns olika sätt att lindra barns smärta, en metod är lustgasbehandling. Syfte: Syftet var att i form av ett förbättringsarbete utvärdera lustgasbehandling i samband med att barn genomgår en smärtsam procedur på en barn- och ungdomsmedicinsk klinik på ett medelstort sjukhus i södra Sverige. Metod: Förbättringsarbetet genomfördes med en kvantitativ design. Deskriptiv statistik har använts för att utvärdera lustgasens effekter och bieffekter, vidare har andra faktorer som kan påverka behandlingen utvärderats. Resultat: Lustgas har varit användbart i samband med smärtsamma procedurer, behandlingen har fungerat smärtlindrande samt varit till hjälp för barn som varit rädda. Lustgasbehandling uppskattas av både barn och deras vårdnadshavare. Slutsatser: För att lindra barns lidande och utföra god omvårdnad måste barnsjuksköterskan ha kunskap om hur barn upplever smärtsamma situationer samt hur smärta bäst lindras. Det aktuella förbättringsarbetet har bekräftat att lustgas är en metod som kan hjälpa barn i samband med flera typer av smärtsamma procedurer. Genom att kunna välja lustgas som smärtlindrande och lugnande metod kan barnets delaktighet och hälsa främjas.

Background: Children receiving health care experience fear and anxiety related to possible painful procedures. Adequate pain relief is important to ease children’s physical and psychological pain and further to promote good health. There are various ways of relieving children’s pain, one method is nitrous oxide. Aim: The aim was to through an improvement work evaluate the usage of nitrous oxide in connection to children undergoing a painful procedure on a children’s and youth’s medicine ward at a medium sized hospital in south of Sweden. Method: The improvement work was conducted through a quantitative design. Descriptive statistics was used to evaluate the effects and adverse events of nitrous oxide, furthermore has other variables that may affect the treatment been evaluated. Results: Nitrous oxide has been useful when utilized in painful procedures, the treatment has served pain relieving and eased children who experienced fear. Both children and legal guardians appreciated the usage of nitrous oxide. Conclusion: A children’s nurse must possess knowledge related to children’s experience of pain and adequate pain relief in order to ease children’s suffering and administer good care. The current improvement work has confirmed nitrous oxide to be a tool that might help children in connection to several painful procedures. Through the choice of using nitrous oxide as a pain relieving and sedative method the child’s empowerment and…

Subjects/Keywords: Child; nitrous oxide; nursing; procedural pain; pediatric nurse; Barn; barnsjuksköterskor; lustgas; omvårdnad; procedursmärta; Nursing; Omvårdnad

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APA (6^th Edition):

Berggren, J. (2018). Lustgasbehandling vid smärtsamma procedurer : En utvärdering av lustgasbehandling på barn. (Thesis). Jönköping University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39560

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Berggren, Johanna. “Lustgasbehandling vid smärtsamma procedurer : En utvärdering av lustgasbehandling på barn.” 2018. Thesis, Jönköping University. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39560.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Berggren, Johanna. “Lustgasbehandling vid smärtsamma procedurer : En utvärdering av lustgasbehandling på barn.” 2018. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Berggren J. Lustgasbehandling vid smärtsamma procedurer : En utvärdering av lustgasbehandling på barn. [Internet] [Thesis]. Jönköping University; 2018. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39560.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Berggren J. Lustgasbehandling vid smärtsamma procedurer : En utvärdering av lustgasbehandling på barn. [Thesis]. Jönköping University; 2018. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39560

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

10. Eriksson, Rebecca. Metoder i bemötandet av barn med smärta : En allmän litteraturstudie.

Degree: The Swedish Red Cross University College, 2017, The Swedish Red Cross University College

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-2536

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Syfte: Att beskriva metoder i bemötandet av barn med smärta inom sjukvåden. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie baserad på tio kvalitativa studier publicerade mellan 2008–… (more)

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Syfte: Att beskriva metoder i bemötandet av barn med smärta inom sjukvåden. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie baserad på tio kvalitativa studier publicerade mellan 2008– 2017. Resultat: Resultatet visade att det var komplext för sjuksköterskor att finna rätt metod för att bemöta barn med smärta inom sjukvården. Dock identifierades olika metoder som kunde underlätta för sjuksköterskorna. Detta resulterade i tre huvudfynd: distraktion, delaktighet och förtroendeskap. Det krävdes både kompetens och kunskap av sjuksköterskorna att utföra dessa metoder på ett strukturerat och evidensbaserat arbetssätt. Slutsats och förslag på fortsatt forskning: Sjuksköterskan har stora möjligheter att bemöta barns smärta inom sjukvården med hjälp av olika metoder. Barn 6–12 år påverkas i stor utsträckning av det bemötande och förhållningssätt sjuksköterskan använder sig av. Ett personcentrerat, åldersanpassat och väl förberett möte skänker trygghet för barnen och minskar deras upplevelse av smärta vid olika procedurer i sjukvården. Det krävs dock mer forskning på hur sjuksköterskan ska bemöta och involvera barn på ett personcentrerat sätt i sjukvården.

Aim: To describe methods in the meeting of children with pain in healthcare. Method: A general literature study based on ten qualitative studies published between 2008- 2017. Result: The results showed that it was a complex issue for nurses to find the right methods in the meeting of children with pain in the healthcare environment. However, different methods were identified that could make the work easier for the nurses. This resulted in three main findings: distraction, participation and confidence properties. Skills and knowledge from nurses were required to execute these methods in a structured and evidence-based approach. Conclusion and suggestions for further research: Nurses have great opportunities to meet children in pain through different methods. Children 6-12 years are largely influenced by the treatment and attitude from the nurses. A person-centered, age-adjusted and well-prepared meeting provides child safety and reduces their experience of pain in different healthcare procedures. However, more research is needed on how the nurse should respond and involve children in a person-centered way in the healthcare sector.

Subjects/Keywords: children; methods; procedural pain; nurses; participation.; barn; metoder; procedurrelaterad smärta; sjuksköterskor; delaktighet; Nursing; Omvårdnad

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Eriksson, R. (2017). Metoder i bemötandet av barn med smärta : En allmän litteraturstudie. (Thesis). The Swedish Red Cross University College. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-2536

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Eriksson, Rebecca. “Metoder i bemötandet av barn med smärta : En allmän litteraturstudie.” 2017. Thesis, The Swedish Red Cross University College. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-2536.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Eriksson, Rebecca. “Metoder i bemötandet av barn med smärta : En allmän litteraturstudie.” 2017. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Eriksson R. Metoder i bemötandet av barn med smärta : En allmän litteraturstudie. [Internet] [Thesis]. The Swedish Red Cross University College; 2017. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-2536.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Eriksson R. Metoder i bemötandet av barn med smärta : En allmän litteraturstudie. [Thesis]. The Swedish Red Cross University College; 2017. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-2536

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

11. Lundblad, Åse. Sjuksköterskans möjligeter att lindra rädsla och smärta hos barn i samband med smärtsamma procedurer inom sjukvården : En Litteraturbserad studie.

Degree: Health and Education, 2014, University of Skövde

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-9084

►

Bakgrund: Barn som besöker sjukhus och andra vårdinrättningar förknippar ofta vistelsen med undersökningar och behandlingar. De ofta rädda för det okända och för att… (more)

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Bakgrund: Barn som besöker sjukhus och andra vårdinrättningar förknippar ofta vistelsen med undersökningar och behandlingar. De ofta rädda för det okända och för att inte veta vad som ska hända. Det kan bero på den annorlunda miljön och på möten med nya främmande ansikten. Om dessa procedurer också är förknippade med smärta kan barnen riskera att utveckla ökad stress och rädsla inför kommande procedurer Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien är att belysa sjuksköterskans möjligheter att lindra rädsla och smärta hos barn i samband med smärtsamma behandlingar och procedurer inom sjukvården Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på 24 vetenskapliga artiklar och 2 doktorsavhandlingar. Resultat: Ur analysen av datamaterialet har två huvudteman identifierats. Resultatet visar att ”faktorer som lindrar rädsla och smärta” och ”faktorer som påverkar smärtbedömning, rädsla och smärta” är områden som har stor betydelse för barn som genomgår smärtsamma behandlingar eller procedurer inom sjukvården. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor behöver uppmärksamma och förstå barns kognitiva utveckling, mognad och behov samt skapa kunskap om smärta och rädsla i samband med smärtsamma procedurer och behandlingar för att kunna utföra välavvägda omvårdnads- och medicinska behandlingar.

Background: Children that visit hospitals and other care givers often connect their stay with medical treatments and examinations. They are also often forced into unpredictable and distressful situations of being exposed to the unknown, not knowing what will happen to them. This could be due to the unfamiliar surroundings or unknown faces they meet. If these procedures are connected to pain, the children are at risk of developing feelings of increased stress and fear in relation to future procedures. Aim: The aim of this literature review is to illuminate nurse’s possibilities to reduce fear and pain in connection to painful treatments and procedures in health care. Method: A literature review based on 24 scientific articles and 2 doctoral theses. Results: Through the analysis of the data two main themes were identified: "factors that alleviate fear and pain" and "factors affecting pain assessment, fear and pain". These themes are areas that have significant impact in children undergoing painful procedures and treatments in health care. Conclusion: Nurses need to be attentive to children’s cognitive development, maturity and needs. They also have to become better to develop knowledge about fear and pain associated with painful procedures and treatments in order to increase the quality of care within this context.

Subjects/Keywords: Children; fear; nurse; nursing; procedural pain; Barn; omvårdnad; procedurrelaterad smärta; rädsla; sjuksköterska

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lundblad, �. (2014). Sjuksköterskans möjligeter att lindra rädsla och smärta hos barn i samband med smärtsamma procedurer inom sjukvården : En Litteraturbserad studie. (Thesis). University of Skövde. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-9084

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lundblad, Åse. “Sjuksköterskans möjligeter att lindra rädsla och smärta hos barn i samband med smärtsamma procedurer inom sjukvården : En Litteraturbserad studie.” 2014. Thesis, University of Skövde. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-9084.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lundblad, Åse. “Sjuksköterskans möjligeter att lindra rädsla och smärta hos barn i samband med smärtsamma procedurer inom sjukvården : En Litteraturbserad studie.” 2014. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Lundblad �. Sjuksköterskans möjligeter att lindra rädsla och smärta hos barn i samband med smärtsamma procedurer inom sjukvården : En Litteraturbserad studie. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Skövde; 2014. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-9084.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lundblad �. Sjuksköterskans möjligeter att lindra rädsla och smärta hos barn i samband med smärtsamma procedurer inom sjukvården : En Litteraturbserad studie. [Thesis]. University of Skövde; 2014. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-9084

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

12. Berthilson, Marie. Avledande icke farmakologiska metoder och metodernas effekter vid procedursmärta hos barn 2-12 år : En litteraturstudie.

Degree: Health and Caring Sciences, 2016, University of Gävle

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21628

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Bakgrund: Barn behöver ibland uppsöka sjukvård för att genomgå vårdprocedurer av olika slag. Barns reaktioner på oro och rädsla styrs av ålder, förståelse, fantasi… (more)

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Bakgrund: Barn behöver ibland uppsöka sjukvård för att genomgå vårdprocedurer av olika slag. Barns reaktioner på oro och rädsla styrs av ålder, förståelse, fantasi och verklighetsuppfattning. Barn behöver därför förberedas inför obehagliga ingrepp som ska hända till exempel: smärtsamma undersökningar, venpunktion eller injektioner. Dessa undersökningar kan skapa oro och rädsla hos barn. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva olika icke farmakologiska avledande metoder och dess effekter vid procedursmärta hos barn. Samt att beskriva undersökningsgrupperna i de inkluderade artiklarna. Metod: En deskriptiv design användes för att besvara litteraturstudiens syfte och frågeställningar. Studien baserades på tretton vetenskapliga artiklar. De vetenskapliga artiklarna söktes i databaserna Cinahl och PubMed. Artiklarna var publicerade mellan åren 2006-2016. Huvudresultat: Studien påvisar att icke farmakologiska avledande metoder som till exempel: blåsa såpbubblor, titta i ett kalejdoskop, lyssna på musik eller använda ”Buzzy” har haft lindrande effekt på barns rädsla, oro och smärta. Effekterna har skattats med hjälp av olika skalor genom sjuksköterskors, forskare och föräldrars observationer. Barnen har själva fått skattat effekterna av de icke farmakologiska avledande metoderna. Slutsats: I resultatet i föreliggande studie har författarna kommit fram till att icke farmakologiska avledande metoder kan lindra barnens rädsla, oro eller smärta vid olika omvårdnadshandlingar. Författarna har även kommit fram till slutsatsen att de avledande metoderna som undersökts kan användas i det vardagliga arbetet inom barnsjukvården.

Background: Children sometimes need to seek medical help in order to undergo treatment procedures of various kinds. Children's reaction to anxiety and fear are governed by age, understanding, imagination and perception of reality. Children therefore need to be prepared for unpleasant procedures that they will undergo, such as: painful examinations, venipuncture or injections. These procedures can create anxiety and fear in children. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the various non - pharmacological istraction methods and its effects on procedural pain in children. And to describe the study groups in the included articles. Method: A descriptive design was used to answer the literature studies experimental purpose and questioning. The study was based on thirteen scientific articles. The papers were searched in databases Cinahl and PubMed. The articles were published between the years 2006-2016. Result: The study demonstrates that non - pharmacological distraction methods for example: playing with soap bubbles, looking through a kaleidoscope, listen to music and use a “Buzzy” have had a soothing effect on children’s fear, anxiety and pain. The effects have been estimated using different…

Subjects/Keywords: Anxiety; Child; Fear; Non pharmacological distraction; Procedural pain; Barn; Icke farmakologiska metoder; Oro; Procedursmärta; Rädsla

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Berthilson, M. (2016). Avledande icke farmakologiska metoder och metodernas effekter vid procedursmärta hos barn 2-12 år : En litteraturstudie. (Thesis). University of Gävle. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21628

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Berthilson, Marie. “Avledande icke farmakologiska metoder och metodernas effekter vid procedursmärta hos barn 2-12 år : En litteraturstudie.” 2016. Thesis, University of Gävle. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21628.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Berthilson, Marie. “Avledande icke farmakologiska metoder och metodernas effekter vid procedursmärta hos barn 2-12 år : En litteraturstudie.” 2016. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Berthilson M. Avledande icke farmakologiska metoder och metodernas effekter vid procedursmärta hos barn 2-12 år : En litteraturstudie. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Gävle; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21628.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Berthilson M. Avledande icke farmakologiska metoder och metodernas effekter vid procedursmärta hos barn 2-12 år : En litteraturstudie. [Thesis]. University of Gävle; 2016. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21628

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Uppsala University

13. Rawandi, Evin. Föräldrars uppfattning av smärtsamma procedurer : En enkätstudie på barnsjukhus.

Degree: Public Health and Caring Sciences, 2019, Uppsala University

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385333

►

Bakgrund: Två vanligt förekommande smärtsamma procedurer på barn i sjukvården är insättning av perifer venkateter (PVK) och behandling med lavemang (KLYX). För att lindra… (more)

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Bakgrund: Två vanligt förekommande smärtsamma procedurer på barn i sjukvården är insättning av perifer venkateter (PVK) och behandling med lavemang (KLYX). För att lindra procedursmärta hos barn är det viktigt med en välgenomtänkt planering som gör barn och föräldrar trygga och lugna inför proceduren. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur föräldrar upplevde förberedelser på sjukhus inför insättning av perifer venkateter eller givande av lavemang på deras barn. Metod: Studien var en kvantitativ enkätstudie, där frågorna besvarades av 71 föräldrar med barn upp till 12 års ålder som genomgått PVK-insättning eller lavemangbehandling. Joyce Travelbees omvårdnadsteori användes som teoretiskreferensram för att beskriva vikten av information och god kommunikation i vården. Resultat: Resultatet visade att 91% av föräldrarna fick information om barnets behandling och 78% av föräldrarna var nöjda med informationen de fick inför proceduren på barnet. En större andel av barnen som fick PVK (88%) fick smärtlindring jämfört med barnen som fick KLYX (5%) (p = 0,001). Sjutton föräldrar (24%) i studien upplevde att deras barn inte hade möjlighet att stoppa proceduren om den blev för jobbig. Av föräldrarna blev 36,6% tillfrågade om sina önskemål inför barnets procedur. Slutsats: Denna enkätstudie visade att en stor andel av föräldrarna inte blev tillfrågade om sina önskemål inför proceduren som barnet skulle genomgå. Den belyser också att en grupp föräldrar upplevde att barnet vid de smärtsamma procedurerna inte kunde säga stopp om behandlingen blev för jobbig. Studien belyser vikten av att fråga föräldrar om önskemål för delaktighet i barnets vård samt att barnet måste ges möjlighet till att kunna sätta stopp om behandlingen blir för jobbig.

Background: Two commonly occurring painful procedures for children in healthcare are the insertion of peripheral vein catheters (PVK) and treatment with enema (KLYX). In order to ease the pain for the children during the procedure, it is important to have a well planning that makes children and parents safe and calm before starting the procedure. Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate how parents experienced preparations in hospitals prior to inserting peripheral vein catheters or giving enema to their children. Method: The study was a quantitative survey, which the questionnaire was answered by 71 parents with children up to 12 years of age who had experienced PVK insertion or enema treatment. Joyce Travelbees nursing theory was chosen as theoretical referencefram to describe the importance of information and good communication in healthcare. Result: The result showed that 91% of the parents got information about the child's treatment and 78% of the parents were satisfied with the information they received before the procedure for the child. A larger…

Subjects/Keywords: Procedural pain; pediatrics; intravenous entrance; constipation; Procedursmärta; pediatrik; intravenös infart; förstoppning.; Nursing; Omvårdnad

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Rawandi, E. (2019). Föräldrars uppfattning av smärtsamma procedurer : En enkätstudie på barnsjukhus. (Thesis). Uppsala University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385333

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rawandi, Evin. “Föräldrars uppfattning av smärtsamma procedurer : En enkätstudie på barnsjukhus.” 2019. Thesis, Uppsala University. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385333.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rawandi, Evin. “Föräldrars uppfattning av smärtsamma procedurer : En enkätstudie på barnsjukhus.” 2019. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Rawandi E. Föräldrars uppfattning av smärtsamma procedurer : En enkätstudie på barnsjukhus. [Internet] [Thesis]. Uppsala University; 2019. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385333.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Rawandi E. Föräldrars uppfattning av smärtsamma procedurer : En enkätstudie på barnsjukhus. [Thesis]. Uppsala University; 2019. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385333

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – San Francisco

14. Arroyo-Novoa, Carmen Mabel. Procedural Pain Responses in Acute and Critically Ill Patients.

Degree: Nursing, 2010, University of California – San Francisco

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2xf752db

► Acutely and critically ill patients are exposed to many therapeutic procedures that can produce painful experiences. Tracheal suctioning (TS) and wound care procedure (WCP) are… (more)

▼ Acutely and critically ill patients are exposed to many therapeutic procedures that can produce painful experiences. Tracheal suctioning (TS) and wound care procedure (WCP) are frequently performed in these patients. The purpose of this dissertation was to evaluate pain responses during both TS and WCP and to determine the efficacy of a pharmacologic treatment to prevent pain during an open WCP.The first report was a secondary data analysis of findings from a larger procedural pain study. A total of 755 patients underwent the TS procedure that was performed primarily in intensive care units (93%). Pain intensity mean (SD) scores were significantly greater during the TS procedure 3.96 (3.3) than prior to 2.14 (2.8) or after 1.98 (2.7). Few patients received analgesics prior to or during the procedure. Although mean pain intensity during TS was mild, almost the half of the patients who presented pain reported it as moderate to severe. The second study was a randomized, cross-over design with the purpose to determine whether the addition of small doses of ketamine would potentiate morphine's analgesic effects and decrease WCP pain intensity. Patients were randomized to receive morphine plus saline (MS) IV or morphine plus ketamine (MK) IV before the WCP. When the WCP was repeated, patients were crossed-over to receive the alternate treatment. Eleven patients from the Trauma Hospital of Puerto Rico participated in the study. Procedural pain intensity mean ranks during the WCP-MK was significantly less than during the WCP-MS (p = .005). Mean (SD) procedural pain intensity during the WCP-MK was 3.09 (3.27), while it was 6.82 (3.06) during the WCP-MS. However, 91% of patients had adverse effects during MK versus none during MS. In addition, mean (SD) diastolic BP was significantly higher during the WCP-MK than during WCP-MS and prior to WCP-MK, 84 (11.8), 73 (7.4), 72 (12.6), respectively. Individualized pain management must be performed by healthcare providers in order to respond to patients' needs as they undergo painful procedures such as TS and WC. Further research is warranted to determine the dose of ketamine that is analgesic but causes minimal adverse effects during a WCP.

Subjects/Keywords: Health Sciences, Nursing; Acute and critically ill; Hyperalgesia; Ketamine; Procedural pain; Tracheal suctioning; Wound care

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Arroyo-Novoa, C. M. (2010). Procedural Pain Responses in Acute and Critically Ill Patients. (Thesis). University of California – San Francisco. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2xf752db

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Arroyo-Novoa, Carmen Mabel. “Procedural Pain Responses in Acute and Critically Ill Patients.” 2010. Thesis, University of California – San Francisco. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2xf752db.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Arroyo-Novoa, Carmen Mabel. “Procedural Pain Responses in Acute and Critically Ill Patients.” 2010. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Arroyo-Novoa CM. Procedural Pain Responses in Acute and Critically Ill Patients. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – San Francisco; 2010. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2xf752db.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Arroyo-Novoa CM. Procedural Pain Responses in Acute and Critically Ill Patients. [Thesis]. University of California – San Francisco; 2010. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2xf752db

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

15. Joffe, Naomi E. Temperament as a Predictor of Infant Immunization Distress and Response to Treatment.

Degree: PhD, Psychology, 2012, Georgia State University

URL: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/psych_diss/101

► There is a growing body of research on interventions to decrease infant distress during painful procedures, and distraction is a particularly practical option. However,… (more)

▼ There is a growing body of research on interventions to decrease infant distress during painful procedures, and distraction is a particularly practical option. However, the effectiveness data for distraction for infant pain relief are mixed. Inconsistencies in response to distraction might be explained by unique characteristics of the infant patient. Some researchers argue that temperament is the best predictor of differences observed between individuals and also the most sensitive to novel environmental factors such as exposure to pain. This study examined whether infants’ temperament is predictive of response to immunization injection pain and whether temperament moderates the relation between a distraction intervention and infant distress. Data for this study came from two prior studies of healthy infants receiving immunizations (Cohen, 2002; Cohen et al., 2006). Participants included 252 healthy infants and toddlers who ranged from 1 to 22 months of age. Infants were randomly assigned to “typical care” condition or “distraction” condition. The period of time before, during, and after the injection was videotaped and observational coding was used to assess infant distress. Prior to the immunization, parents completed six pre-injection visual analogue scales about their child’s temperament. An oblique rotation factor analysis was conducted with the temperament data and provided two temperament factors that map onto the ‘easy/difficult’ and ‘time-to-warm-up’ dimensions documented in the literature; these two factors were used for analyses. After controlling for site and gender, regression analyses revealed that neither easy/difficult temperament (p = .098, b = .109) nor time-to-warm-up temperament (p = .572, b = -.037) was predictive of distress. There was a significant treatment condition and time-to-warm-up temperament interaction, b = .0011, SE = .0005, p = .0254, such that distraction decreased distress in infants that were slower to warm up, or warmed up neither slowly nor quickly. No other significant distraction x temperament interactions were found. Temperament was not found to impact infant distress during immunizations in this study but results speaking to whether temperament serves as a moderator of the relation between distraction and distress were mixed. Results suggest that temperament is a factor that warrants closer attention when examining how infants respond to interventions around pain. Advisors/Committee Members: Lindsey Cohen, Lisa Armistead, Akihiko Masuda, Erin Tone.

Subjects/Keywords: Infants; Temperament; Procedural pain; Distraction; Immunizations

…procedural pain is mixed. This discrepancy is most likely explained by variability in response to… …1 1.1 Infant Medical Pain ��. �� .….1 1.2 Effects of Untreated Infant… …Medical Pain �� ….…..1 1.3 Behavioral Interventions of Infant Medical Pain… …4 1.4 Temperament as a Predictor of Infant Medical Pain Response ��. �� …15 1.5 Purpose… …41 4 DISCUSSION �� ... �� ….…...56 4.1 Temperament and Pain…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Joffe, N. E. (2012). Temperament as a Predictor of Infant Immunization Distress and Response to Treatment. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/psych_diss/101

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Joffe, Naomi E. “Temperament as a Predictor of Infant Immunization Distress and Response to Treatment.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia State University. Accessed December 05, 2019. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/psych_diss/101.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Joffe, Naomi E. “Temperament as a Predictor of Infant Immunization Distress and Response to Treatment.” 2012. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Joffe NE. Temperament as a Predictor of Infant Immunization Distress and Response to Treatment. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia State University; 2012. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/psych_diss/101.

Council of Science Editors:

Joffe NE. Temperament as a Predictor of Infant Immunization Distress and Response to Treatment. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia State University; 2012. Available from: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/psych_diss/101

Universiteit Utrecht

16. Venmans, A. Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures.

Degree: 2011, Universiteit Utrecht

URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/211178

► In Chapter 1, an outline of the thesis is given. In Chapter 2 we concluded that most conservatively treated patients with VCFs had sufficient pain… (more)

▼ In Chapter 1, an outline of the thesis is given. In Chapter 2 we concluded that most conservatively treated patients with VCFs had sufficient pain relief during the first 3 months. After one year a substantial proportion of patients still had disabling pain despite higher class pain medication used. There were no predictors for the development of chronic pain. In Chapter 3 we concluded that pulmonary PMMA embolism during PV is an infrequent complication without clinical sequelae. After one year, no pulmonary reaction is seen on CT. No definite relationship of PMMA emboli with injected cement volume could be established. In Chapter 4 we concluded that small and clinically silent PCE occurred in a quarter of patients treated with PV. Cement leakage into the azygos vein was the only risk factor.Over time, these small cement emboli remained inert without inflammatory pulmonary response. In Chapter 5 we concluded that perivertebral cement leaks during PV for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures occurred frequently. Cement leakage occurred more frequently with higher injected volumes. All patients remained asymptomatic and late cement migration during follow-up did not occur. Standard post-procedural CT of the treated vertebral body in PV is not necessary. In Chapter 6 we concluded that for a substantial proportion of patients local anesthesia was not sufficient for pain reduction during PV. The severity of pain experienced by the patient is mostly not valued correctly by the operator. In Chapter 7 we concluded that clinical response of percutaneous vertebroplasty is not affected by differences in injected cement volume. There is no correlation between injected cement volume and fracture location, fracture severity and type of treated vertebra. In Chapter 8 we concluded that the incidence of new vertebral compression fractures was not different after PV compared with conservative therapy after 1 year follow-up. Only risk factor for new vertebral compression fractures was the number of vertebral compression fractures at baseline. PV contributed to preservation of stature by decreasing both incidence and severity of further height loss in treated vertebra.In Chapter 9 the results of the different aspects of percutaneous vertebroplasty are interpreted and discussed. Advisors/Committee Members: Mali, W.P.T.M., Rooij, W.J.J. van, Lohle, P.N.M..

Subjects/Keywords: Geneeskunde; percutaneous vertebroplasty; conservative therapy; pulmonary cement embolism; cement leakage; procedural pain; cement volume; new fractures

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APA (6^th Edition):

Venmans, A. (2011). Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/211178

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Venmans, A. “Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/211178.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Venmans, A. “Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures.” 2011. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Venmans A. Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2011. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/211178.

Council of Science Editors:

Venmans A. Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2011. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/211178

17. Larsson, Madelene. Sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av att använda icke-farmakologisk behandling vid procedursmärta hos barn : En litteraturstudie.

Degree: Health and Caring Sciences, 2015, University of Gävle

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-20817

►

Background: Most procedures in healthcare were described to cause the child pain. Anxiety was also strongly linked to pain and painful experience can generate… (more)

▼

Background: Most procedures in healthcare were described to cause the child pain. Anxiety was also strongly linked to pain and painful experience can generate future consequences for the child in contact with health services. Administering medication to children was considered difficult to adapt while non-pharmacological treatment is considered to be both time- and cost efficient. Purpose: To describe nurses' use of non-pharmacological treatment of procedural pain in children and to examine the included articles research group.Method: This descriptive literature studies results was based on 15 articles sought in the databases Cinahl, PsycINFO and PubMed. Eight of the included articles were qualitative studies, four were quantitative studies and three were studies with mixed approach. Main Results: Non-pharmacological treatment of procedural pain in children was considered effective when it was formed based on each unique child and occasion. The nurses described distraction as a useful method that can be performed in several ways, ranging from the child's needs. The importance of a good relationship, a working cooperation and that the nurse had the ability to get the child's confidence was described as key elements in non-pharmacology. The research group characteristics were examined and in all articles the participants profession consists in the majority of nurses. Conclusion: Non-pharmacological treatment of procedural pain should be adjusted based on the unique child and the situation. Distraction was considered by the majority of nurses to be a positive and useful non-pharmacological treatment of procedural pain in children and can be performed by both nurses and parents to reduce the child's pain and future fears.

Bakgrund: Ett flertal procedurer inom vården beskrevs kunna orsaka barnet smärta. Oro var vidare starkt kopplat till smärta och en tidigare smärtsam upplevelse kan komma att generera framtida konsekvenser för barnet i kontakt med sjukvården. Administreringen utav läkemedel till barn ansågs vara svårt att anpassa samtidigt som icke-farmakologisk behandling anses vara både tids- och kostnadseffektiv. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors användning av icke-farmakologisk behandling vid procedursmärta hos barn, samt att granska de inkluderade artiklarnas undersökningsgrupp. Metod: Denna beskrivande litteraturstudies resultat grundades på 15 artiklar eftersökta i databaserna Cinahl, PsycINFO och PubMed. Åtta av studiens inkluderade artiklar hade kvalitativ ansats, fyra hade kvantitativ ansats och tre var studier med mixad ansats. Huvudresultat: Icke-farmakologisk behandling vid procedursmärta hos barn ansågs effektivt när den formades utifrån varje unikt barn och tillfälle. Sjuksköterskorna beskrev distraktion som en användbar metod som kan utföras på flertalet sätt, allt utifrån barnets behov. Vikten av en fungerande relation, ett fungerande…

Subjects/Keywords: Non-pharmacological; Procedural pain; Child; Attitude of health personnel; Nurse.; Icke-farmakologisk behandling; Procedursmärta; Barn; Omvårdnadsåtgärder; Sjuksköterskeperspektiv.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Larsson, M. (2015). Sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av att använda icke-farmakologisk behandling vid procedursmärta hos barn : En litteraturstudie. (Thesis). University of Gävle. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-20817

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Larsson, Madelene. “Sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av att använda icke-farmakologisk behandling vid procedursmärta hos barn : En litteraturstudie.” 2015. Thesis, University of Gävle. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-20817.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Larsson, Madelene. “Sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av att använda icke-farmakologisk behandling vid procedursmärta hos barn : En litteraturstudie.” 2015. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Larsson M. Sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av att använda icke-farmakologisk behandling vid procedursmärta hos barn : En litteraturstudie. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Gävle; 2015. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-20817.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Larsson M. Sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av att använda icke-farmakologisk behandling vid procedursmärta hos barn : En litteraturstudie. [Thesis]. University of Gävle; 2015. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-20817

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Loma Linda University

18. Holden, Megan Sue. Effect of Procedural Pain on Purines, MDA and Allantoin in Premature Infants.

Degree: PhD, Basic Sciences, 2013, Loma Linda University

URL: https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/125

► Identifying and measuring the biochemical effects of procedural pain in infants is a continuing challenge for clinicians. To address this issue we evaluated the relationship… (more)

▼ Identifying and measuring the biochemical effects of procedural pain in infants is a continuing challenge for clinicians. To address this issue we evaluated the relationship between procedural pain, ATP utilization (hypoxanthine and uric acid), and oxidative stress (MDA and allantoin) in premature infants. Through these studies we found that 1) a single heel-lance significantly increases plasma uric acid in rabbit kits, 2) tape removal increases MDA and prevents a decrease in uric acid in the plasma of premature infants, and 3) a single dose of oral sucrose before a heel-lance is sufficient to significantly increase plasma markers of ATP utilization and oxidative stress. These studies indicate that, in premature infants, ATP utilization and oxidative stress are altered by procedural pain and that oral sucrose, a common analgesia, may increase ATP breakdown. Next, we examined clinical factors that need to be considered when using the urinary concentrations of hypoxanthine, xanthine, uric acid, and allantoin to evaluate the biochemical effects of procedural pain. Specifically, we determined the effects of gestational age, weight for gestational age, and neonatal morbidity on the urinary concentration of purines and allantoin. We found infants born at earlier gestational ages had significantly higher urinary purine and allantoin concentrations compared to infants born at later gestations, after 31 weeks. Weight for gestational age also altered the urinary concentration of purines with small for gestational age infants having significantly lower urinary hypoxanthine compared to appropriate and large for gestational age infants. In addition, respiratory morbidity significantly increased urinary purines, but not allantoin, within the late preterm population. These data suggest that gestational age, weight for gestational age, and neonatal morbidity alter the urinary concentration of purine metabolites. Allantoin was also found to be significantly altered by gestational age. Based upon these data, we recommend conducting age-matched as well as weight for age-matched studies when using urinary purines and allantoin to evaluate the relationship between procedural pain and hypoxia on ATP utilization and oxidative stress. Lastly, it is important to stratify subjects based on health status or morbidity, due to the significant effects of respiratory diseases on ATP use and oxidative stress. Advisors/Committee Members: Angeles, Danilyn M., Boskovic, Danilo S., Deming, Douglas, Duerksen-Hughes, Penelope, Hopper, Andrew O., Neidigh, Jonathan.

Subjects/Keywords: Medical Biochemistry; Fetal hypoxia; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Infant, Newborn; Oxidative stress - physiology; Pain; Procedural pain; Premature Infants; Neonatal hypoxia; Purine metabolites; ATP utilization; oxidative stress

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APA (6^th Edition):

Holden, M. S. (2013). Effect of Procedural Pain on Purines, MDA and Allantoin in Premature Infants. (Doctoral Dissertation). Loma Linda University. Retrieved from https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/125

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Holden, Megan Sue. “Effect of Procedural Pain on Purines, MDA and Allantoin in Premature Infants.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Loma Linda University. Accessed December 05, 2019. https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/125.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Holden, Megan Sue. “Effect of Procedural Pain on Purines, MDA and Allantoin in Premature Infants.” 2013. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Holden MS. Effect of Procedural Pain on Purines, MDA and Allantoin in Premature Infants. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Loma Linda University; 2013. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/125.

Council of Science Editors:

Holden MS. Effect of Procedural Pain on Purines, MDA and Allantoin in Premature Infants. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Loma Linda University; 2013. Available from: https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/125

Université de Montréal

19. Tremblay, Viviane. Validation d’une échelle d’observation comportementale du confort d’enfants brûlés lors de procédures douloureuses .

Degree: 2016, Université de Montréal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13800

► An interdisciplinary team of a pediatric university teaching hospital in the Montreal area, who treats annually a considerable number of child burn victims, developed a… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Douleur procédurale; Confort; Brûlés; Échelle de mesure; Enfants; validation de contenu; Validation de critère; Procedural pain; Comfort; Burns; Scale; Children; Content validity; Criterion validity; Internal consistency

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tremblay, V. (2016). Validation d’une échelle d’observation comportementale du confort d’enfants brûlés lors de procédures douloureuses . (Thesis). Université de Montréal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13800

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tremblay, Viviane. “Validation d’une échelle d’observation comportementale du confort d’enfants brûlés lors de procédures douloureuses .” 2016. Thesis, Université de Montréal. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13800.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tremblay, Viviane. “Validation d’une échelle d’observation comportementale du confort d’enfants brûlés lors de procédures douloureuses .” 2016. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Tremblay V. Validation d’une échelle d’observation comportementale du confort d’enfants brûlés lors de procédures douloureuses . [Internet] [Thesis]. Université de Montréal; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13800.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Tremblay V. Validation d’une échelle d’observation comportementale du confort d’enfants brûlés lors de procédures douloureuses . [Thesis]. Université de Montréal; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13800

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

20. Almblad, Ann-Charlotte. Barns upplevelse av lustgasbehandling : En intervjustudie.

Degree: Caring Sciences, 2009, Uppsala University

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-105736

►

Syftet med denna deskriptiva kvalitativa intervjustudie var att beskriva barns upplevelser av lustgasbehandling. Urvalet består av sex barn i åldern sex till fjorton år… (more)

▼

Syftet med denna deskriptiva kvalitativa intervjustudie var att beskriva barns upplevelser av lustgasbehandling. Urvalet består av sex barn i åldern sex till fjorton år som behandlats med lustgas vid procedursmärta, akut eller planerat, på barnsjukhusets akutmottagning eller allmänna specialistmottagning. Intervjuerna analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Alla barnen upplevde annorlunda kroppskänslor eller abstrakta känslor som inte nödvändigtvis var obehagliga under lustgasbehandlingen. Samtidigt som flera av barnen beskrev en typ av frånvaro var de flesta medvetna om omgivningen och till viss del händelseförloppet. Vidare framkom att hörsel- och synintryck kunde förvrängas där ljud ibland förstärktes och kunde störa och påverka fokuseringen. Olika grader av smärta beskrevs. I barnens egen sammanfattning uttryckte fyra av barnen positiva upplevelser. Fem av barnen var positiva till att få lustgasbehandling igen om så behövdes medan ett barn svarade "kanske" och önskade i så fall en mindre mängd lustgas nästa gång. Behandlingen kan ytterligare utvecklas genom kombination med andra smärtstillande läkemedel.

The aim of this descriptive, qualitative interview study was to describe children´s experiences of treatment with nitrous oxide. The sample consists of six children aged six to fourteen who were treated with nitrous oxide for procedural pain, acute or planned, in the emergency room or special surgery of the Children´s hospital. The interviews were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. All children experienced different feelings in the body or intangible feelings that were not necessarily unpleasant during the treatment with nitrous oxide. Although some of the children described some kind of absence, most of them were aware of the surroundings and to some part what happened during the treatment. Further it appeared that hearing and sight impressions could be distorted and sounds were sometimes amplified and could disturb and affect the focusing. Varying degrees of pain were described. In their own summary four of the children expressed positive experiences. Five of the children were positive to receive nitrous oxide in the future if needed, while one child answered "perhaps" and in that case wanted less amount of nitrous oxide next time. The treatment could be developed further by combining with other analgesics.

Subjects/Keywords: nitrous oxide; children; procedural pain; experience; qualitative method; lustgas; barn; procedursmärta; upplevelse; kvalitativ metod

…Self-administered nitrous oxide (Entonox) for the management of procedural pain… …procedural pain. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 45, 160-71. DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.09.019… …pain: Overveiw and implications for practice. The Journal of Pain, 5(5), 241-49… …and oxygen for procedural sedation in children. Lancet, 358, 1514-15. Graneheim, U.H… …Efficacy and safety of nitrous oxide in alleviating pain and anxiety during painful procedures…

10 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Almblad, A. (2009). Barns upplevelse av lustgasbehandling : En intervjustudie. (Thesis). Uppsala University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-105736

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Almblad, Ann-Charlotte. “Barns upplevelse av lustgasbehandling : En intervjustudie.” 2009. Thesis, Uppsala University. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-105736.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Almblad, Ann-Charlotte. “Barns upplevelse av lustgasbehandling : En intervjustudie.” 2009. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Almblad A. Barns upplevelse av lustgasbehandling : En intervjustudie. [Internet] [Thesis]. Uppsala University; 2009. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-105736.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Almblad A. Barns upplevelse av lustgasbehandling : En intervjustudie. [Thesis]. Uppsala University; 2009. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-105736

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Université de Montréal

21. Laforce, Patricia A. La distraction par le clown thérapeutique pour le soulagement de la douleur et l’anxiété d’enfants en vaccination : une étude pilote .

Degree: 2018, Université de Montréal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20082

Subjects/Keywords: douleur procédurale; clown thérapeutique; enfants; vaccination; Procedural pain; Therapeutic clown; Children; Needle-related procedure

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Laforce, P. A. (2018). La distraction par le clown thérapeutique pour le soulagement de la douleur et l’anxiété d’enfants en vaccination : une étude pilote . (Thesis). Université de Montréal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20082

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Laforce, Patricia A. “La distraction par le clown thérapeutique pour le soulagement de la douleur et l’anxiété d’enfants en vaccination : une étude pilote .” 2018. Thesis, Université de Montréal. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20082.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Laforce, Patricia A. “La distraction par le clown thérapeutique pour le soulagement de la douleur et l’anxiété d’enfants en vaccination : une étude pilote .” 2018. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Laforce PA. La distraction par le clown thérapeutique pour le soulagement de la douleur et l’anxiété d’enfants en vaccination : une étude pilote . [Internet] [Thesis]. Université de Montréal; 2018. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20082.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Laforce PA. La distraction par le clown thérapeutique pour le soulagement de la douleur et l’anxiété d’enfants en vaccination : une étude pilote . [Thesis]. Université de Montréal; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20082

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

22. Venmans, A. Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures.

Degree: 2011, University Utrecht

URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/211178 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-211178 ; urn:isbn:978-94-6108-216-9 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-211178 ; http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/211178

► In Chapter 1, an outline of the thesis is given. In Chapter 2 we concluded that most conservatively treated patients with VCFs had sufficient pain… (more)

▼ In Chapter 1, an outline of the thesis is given. In Chapter 2 we concluded that most conservatively treated patients with VCFs had sufficient pain relief during the first 3 months. After one year a substantial proportion of patients still had disabling pain despite higher class pain medication used. There were no predictors for the development of chronic pain. In Chapter 3 we concluded that pulmonary PMMA embolism during PV is an infrequent complication without clinical sequelae. After one year, no pulmonary reaction is seen on CT. No definite relationship of PMMA emboli with injected cement volume could be established. In Chapter 4 we concluded that small and clinically silent PCE occurred in a quarter of patients treated with PV. Cement leakage into the azygos vein was the only risk factor.Over time, these small cement emboli remained inert without inflammatory pulmonary response. In Chapter 5 we concluded that perivertebral cement leaks during PV for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures occurred frequently. Cement leakage occurred more frequently with higher injected volumes. All patients remained asymptomatic and late cement migration during follow-up did not occur. Standard post-procedural CT of the treated vertebral body in PV is not necessary. In Chapter 6 we concluded that for a substantial proportion of patients local anesthesia was not sufficient for pain reduction during PV. The severity of pain experienced by the patient is mostly not valued correctly by the operator. In Chapter 7 we concluded that clinical response of percutaneous vertebroplasty is not affected by differences in injected cement volume. There is no correlation between injected cement volume and fracture location, fracture severity and type of treated vertebra. In Chapter 8 we concluded that the incidence of new vertebral compression fractures was not different after PV compared with conservative therapy after 1 year follow-up. Only risk factor for new vertebral compression fractures was the number of vertebral compression fractures at baseline. PV contributed to preservation of stature by decreasing both incidence and severity of further height loss in treated vertebra.In Chapter 9 the results of the different aspects of percutaneous vertebroplasty are interpreted and discussed. Advisors/Committee Members: Mali, W.P.T.M., Rooij, W.J.J. van, Lohle, P.N.M..

Subjects/Keywords: percutaneous vertebroplasty; conservative therapy; pulmonary cement embolism; cement leakage; procedural pain; cement volume; new fractures

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Venmans, A. (2011). Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures. (Doctoral Dissertation). University Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/211178 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-211178 ; urn:isbn:978-94-6108-216-9 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-211178 ; http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/211178

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Venmans, A. “Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University Utrecht. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/211178 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-211178 ; urn:isbn:978-94-6108-216-9 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-211178 ; http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/211178.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Venmans, A. “Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures.” 2011. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Venmans A. Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University Utrecht; 2011. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/211178 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-211178 ; urn:isbn:978-94-6108-216-9 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-211178 ; http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/211178.

Council of Science Editors:

Venmans A. Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University Utrecht; 2011. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/211178 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-211178 ; urn:isbn:978-94-6108-216-9 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-211178 ; http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/211178

23. Venmans, A. Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures.

Degree: 2011, University Utrecht

URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/211178 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-211178 ; urn:isbn:978-94-6108-216-9 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-211178 ; http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/211178

► In Chapter 1, an outline of the thesis is given. In Chapter 2 we concluded that most conservatively treated patients with VCFs had sufficient pain… (more)

▼ In Chapter 1, an outline of the thesis is given. In Chapter 2 we concluded that most conservatively treated patients with VCFs had sufficient pain relief during the first 3 months. After one year a substantial proportion of patients still had disabling pain despite higher class pain medication used. There were no predictors for the development of chronic pain. In Chapter 3 we concluded that pulmonary PMMA embolism during PV is an infrequent complication without clinical sequelae. After one year, no pulmonary reaction is seen on CT. No definite relationship of PMMA emboli with injected cement volume could be established. In Chapter 4 we concluded that small and clinically silent PCE occurred in a quarter of patients treated with PV. Cement leakage into the azygos vein was the only risk factor.Over time, these small cement emboli remained inert without inflammatory pulmonary response. In Chapter 5 we concluded that perivertebral cement leaks during PV for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures occurred frequently. Cement leakage occurred more frequently with higher injected volumes. All patients remained asymptomatic and late cement migration during follow-up did not occur. Standard post-procedural CT of the treated vertebral body in PV is not necessary. In Chapter 6 we concluded that for a substantial proportion of patients local anesthesia was not sufficient for pain reduction during PV. The severity of pain experienced by the patient is mostly not valued correctly by the operator. In Chapter 7 we concluded that clinical response of percutaneous vertebroplasty is not affected by differences in injected cement volume. There is no correlation between injected cement volume and fracture location, fracture severity and type of treated vertebra. In Chapter 8 we concluded that the incidence of new vertebral compression fractures was not different after PV compared with conservative therapy after 1 year follow-up. Only risk factor for new vertebral compression fractures was the number of vertebral compression fractures at baseline. PV contributed to preservation of stature by decreasing both incidence and severity of further height loss in treated vertebra.In Chapter 9 the results of the different aspects of percutaneous vertebroplasty are interpreted and discussed. Advisors/Committee Members: Mali, W.P.T.M., Rooij, W.J.J. van, Lohle, P.N.M..

Subjects/Keywords: percutaneous vertebroplasty; conservative therapy; pulmonary cement embolism; cement leakage; procedural pain; cement volume; new fractures

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Venmans, A. (2011). Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures. (Doctoral Dissertation). University Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/211178 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-211178 ; urn:isbn:978-94-6108-216-9 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-211178 ; http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/211178

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Venmans, A. “Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University Utrecht. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/211178 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-211178 ; urn:isbn:978-94-6108-216-9 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-211178 ; http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/211178.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Venmans, A. “Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures.” 2011. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Venmans A. Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University Utrecht; 2011. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/211178 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-211178 ; urn:isbn:978-94-6108-216-9 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-211178 ; http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/211178.

Council of Science Editors:

Venmans A. Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University Utrecht; 2011. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/211178 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-211178 ; urn:isbn:978-94-6108-216-9 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-211178 ; http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/211178

Université de Montréal

24. Aramideh, Jennifer. Développement et étude de la fidélité inter-juges d'un outil évaluant la communication hypnotique des soignants en oncologie pédiatrique : échelle d'évaluation de la communication hypnotique du CHU Sainte-Justine .

Degree: 2018, Université de Montréal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20328

Subjects/Keywords: Communication hypnotique; Soignants; Outil d’évaluation; Pédiatrie; Procédures médicales; Douleur et détresse procédurale; Hypnotic communication; Healthcare professionals; Assessment tool; Pediatrics; Medical procedures; Procedural pain and distress

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Aramideh, J. (2018). Développement et étude de la fidélité inter-juges d'un outil évaluant la communication hypnotique des soignants en oncologie pédiatrique : échelle d'évaluation de la communication hypnotique du CHU Sainte-Justine . (Thesis). Université de Montréal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20328

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Aramideh, Jennifer. “Développement et étude de la fidélité inter-juges d'un outil évaluant la communication hypnotique des soignants en oncologie pédiatrique : échelle d'évaluation de la communication hypnotique du CHU Sainte-Justine .” 2018. Thesis, Université de Montréal. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20328.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Aramideh, Jennifer. “Développement et étude de la fidélité inter-juges d'un outil évaluant la communication hypnotique des soignants en oncologie pédiatrique : échelle d'évaluation de la communication hypnotique du CHU Sainte-Justine .” 2018. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Aramideh J. Développement et étude de la fidélité inter-juges d'un outil évaluant la communication hypnotique des soignants en oncologie pédiatrique : échelle d'évaluation de la communication hypnotique du CHU Sainte-Justine . [Internet] [Thesis]. Université de Montréal; 2018. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20328.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Aramideh J. Développement et étude de la fidélité inter-juges d'un outil évaluant la communication hypnotique des soignants en oncologie pédiatrique : échelle d'évaluation de la communication hypnotique du CHU Sainte-Justine . [Thesis]. Université de Montréal; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20328

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Queensland

25. Brown, Nadia Jane. The impact of a child’s pain, anxiety and stress on burn re-epithelialisation.

Degree: School of Medicine, 2014, University of Queensland

URL: http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:333495

Subjects/Keywords: Pain; Paediatric; Randomised controlled trial (RCT); Burns; Stress; Anxiety; Distraction; Re-epithelialisation; Nonpharmacological; Procedural preparation; 119999 Medical and Health Sciences not elsewhere classified

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Brown, N. J. (2014). The impact of a child’s pain, anxiety and stress on burn re-epithelialisation. (Thesis). University of Queensland. Retrieved from http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:333495

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brown, Nadia Jane. “The impact of a child’s pain, anxiety and stress on burn re-epithelialisation.” 2014. Thesis, University of Queensland. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:333495.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brown, Nadia Jane. “The impact of a child’s pain, anxiety and stress on burn re-epithelialisation.” 2014. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Brown NJ. The impact of a child’s pain, anxiety and stress on burn re-epithelialisation. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Queensland; 2014. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:333495.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Brown NJ. The impact of a child’s pain, anxiety and stress on burn re-epithelialisation. [Thesis]. University of Queensland; 2014. Available from: http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:333495

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Open Access Theses and Dissertations