You searched for subject:(polar bear).
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University of Alberta
1.
Pongracz, Jodie D.
Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Distribution in the Southern
Beaufort Sea.
Degree: MS, Department of Biological Sciences, 2014, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/db78tf984 
► Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are an apex predator of the Arctic marine food web and vulnerable to changes in sea ice because various aspects of…
(more)
▼ Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are an apex predator of
the Arctic marine food web and vulnerable to changes in sea ice
because various aspects of their existence depend on this dynamic
platform. Arctic sea ice extent and thickness have declined, and
been particularly low since the first record low in 2007. I
examined polar bear distribution using satellite telemetry in
2007-2011 including years of record low sea ice extent using kernel
density methods to evaluate how recent changes to sea ice
conditions may be affecting their distribution. I examine use of
land and relate polar bear distributions to bathymetry. My research
suggests that polar bear movement patterns and distribution are
changing in response to sea ice conditions. Bears are forced to
travel greater distances and remain over deeper waters longer as
they maintain a presence at the edge of the pack that varies
annually. Bears also used land areas in Alaska greater than
previously documented. I explore the consequences of these changes
and examine summer refugia.
Subjects/Keywords: distribution; polar bear; Beaufort Sea
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APA (6th Edition):
Pongracz, J. D. (2014). Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Distribution in the Southern
Beaufort Sea. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/db78tf984
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Pongracz, Jodie D. “Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Distribution in the Southern
Beaufort Sea.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed January 19, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/db78tf984.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Pongracz, Jodie D. “Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Distribution in the Southern
Beaufort Sea.” 2014. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Pongracz JD. Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Distribution in the Southern
Beaufort Sea. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/db78tf984.
Council of Science Editors:
Pongracz JD. Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Distribution in the Southern
Beaufort Sea. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2014. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/db78tf984
University of Alberta
2.
Cherry, Seth G.
The ecology of polar bears in relation to sea ice
dynamics.
Degree: PhD, Department of Biological Sciences, 2011, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/hd76s106q
► Recent research indicates climate change will be amplified in Polar Regions, which will cause decreases to sea ice thickness and extent throughout the Arctic. Polar…
(more)
▼ Recent research indicates climate change will be
amplified in Polar Regions, which will cause decreases to sea ice
thickness and extent throughout the Arctic. Polar bears (Ursus
maritimus) will be directly affected by changes to Arctic sea ice
conditions because they rely on the ice substrate for numerous
aspects of their life history. Perhaps of most importance, polar
bears use the sea ice platform to access their main prey,
pagophilic seals. Determining specific effects of climate-induced
environmental change on polar bears will require monitoring at
numerous spatiotemporal scales and across various levels of
biological organization. In this dissertation I used and refined a
variety of ecological monitoring tools that evaluated the effects
of seasonal and longer-term unidirectional sea ice changes to
various aspects of polar bear ecology. At a molecular level, I used
urea to creatinine ratios in polar bear blood to show that an
increased number of polar bears were in a physiological fasting
state during spring captures in 2005-2006 compared to the
mid-1980s. These changes corresponded to broad-scale changes in
Arctic sea ice composition, which may have altered prey
availability. I also used measurements of naturally occurring
stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N) in polar bear tissues to examine their
diet, which included both lipid-rich blubber and the proteinaceous
tissues of their marine mammal prey. Because the proportion of
proteins and lipids consumed likely depended on prey type and size,
it was necessary to consider metabolic routing of these
macromolecules separately when using isotope mixing models to
determine and monitor polar bear diet. I also monitored polar bear
movement and migration behaviour at the population level. Specific
landscape sea ice metrics corresponded to seasonal population
migration patterns and fidelity to particular geographic regions.
Trends in the timing of these seasonal population migration
patterns were likely associated with climate-induced changes to sea
ice dynamics. Finally, I examined migration behaviour in relation
to local sea ice dynamics in individual polar bears and
demonstrated a mechanistic understanding of the relationship
between sea ice and polar bear migration patterns.
Subjects/Keywords: bear; climate; ice; polar; sea
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APA (6th Edition):
Cherry, S. G. (2011). The ecology of polar bears in relation to sea ice
dynamics. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/hd76s106q
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Cherry, Seth G. “The ecology of polar bears in relation to sea ice
dynamics.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Alberta. Accessed January 19, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/hd76s106q.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Cherry, Seth G. “The ecology of polar bears in relation to sea ice
dynamics.” 2011. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Cherry SG. The ecology of polar bears in relation to sea ice
dynamics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/hd76s106q.
Council of Science Editors:
Cherry SG. The ecology of polar bears in relation to sea ice
dynamics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2011. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/hd76s106q
University of Alberta
3.
Castro de la Guardia, Laura.
Modeling sea ice in Hudson Bay from a polar bear (Ursus
maritimus) perspective.
Degree: MS, Department of Earth and Atmospheric
Sciences, 2012, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/1g05fb77m
► Sea ice concentration (SIC), the length of the ice-free period, and the break-up date are correlated with the survival and reproduction success of polar bears…
(more)
▼ Sea ice concentration (SIC), the length of the
ice-free period, and the break-up date are correlated with the
survival and reproduction success of polar bears (Ursus maritimus)
in Western Hudson Bay (WH). I use a high-resolution sea ice-ocean
model to predict these parameters through the 21st century and to
assess the threat on polar bears in WH. The model was validated and
calibrated with GPS-data from polar bears in WH. Predictions are
based on the IPCC greenhouse gas-emission scenarios: B1, A1B and
A2. The model predicted significant changes in WH spring SIC in A1B
and A2, and in the seasonal ice cycle in B1, A1B and A2. From
2061-2100, the mean break-up date advances 15.7 days (B1), 31.5
days (A1B), and 46 days (A2), and the mean ice-free period
lengthens by 4.5 weeks (B1), 8.4 weeks (A1B), and 12.5 weeks (A2).
Should the model projections be realized, a viable population of
polar bears will not likely persist in WH until the end of this
century.
Subjects/Keywords: Hudson Bay; polar bear; sea ice modelling
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APA (6th Edition):
Castro de la Guardia, L. (2012). Modeling sea ice in Hudson Bay from a polar bear (Ursus
maritimus) perspective. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/1g05fb77m
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Castro de la Guardia, Laura. “Modeling sea ice in Hudson Bay from a polar bear (Ursus
maritimus) perspective.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed January 19, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/1g05fb77m.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Castro de la Guardia, Laura. “Modeling sea ice in Hudson Bay from a polar bear (Ursus
maritimus) perspective.” 2012. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Castro de la Guardia L. Modeling sea ice in Hudson Bay from a polar bear (Ursus
maritimus) perspective. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/1g05fb77m.
Council of Science Editors:
Castro de la Guardia L. Modeling sea ice in Hudson Bay from a polar bear (Ursus
maritimus) perspective. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2012. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/1g05fb77m
University of Maryland
4.
Fargason, William.
Polar Bear.
Degree: Creative Writing, 2014, University of Maryland
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1903/15419
► In these poems, I explore the distances between two people, in either a literal way, or through memory. Through the spaces between people, I examine…
(more)
▼ In these poems, I explore the distances between two people, in either a literal way, or through memory. Through the spaces between people, I examine the speaker's relation to them, and consequently, the focus turns inward: the poems about other people ultimately become about the speaker. The knowledge gained from the focus inward becomes problematic, as the insights become ethical complications that the poems must work their way out of.
Advisors/Committee Members: Weiner, Joshua (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Literature; Bear; Fargason; maryland; Polar; thesis; William
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APA (6th Edition):
Fargason, W. (2014). Polar Bear. (Thesis). University of Maryland. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1903/15419
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Fargason, William. “Polar Bear.” 2014. Thesis, University of Maryland. Accessed January 19, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1903/15419.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Fargason, William. “Polar Bear.” 2014. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Fargason W. Polar Bear. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Maryland; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1903/15419.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Fargason W. Polar Bear. [Thesis]. University of Maryland; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1903/15419
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Montana
5.
Miller, Gary D.
Behavioral and physiological characteristics of grizzly and polar bears and their relation to bear repellents.
Degree: MA, 1980, University of Montana
URL: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/7030
Subjects/Keywords: Grizzly bear.; Polar bear.; Repellents.
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APA (6th Edition):
Miller, G. D. (1980). Behavioral and physiological characteristics of grizzly and polar bears and their relation to bear repellents. (Masters Thesis). University of Montana. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/7030
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Miller, Gary D. “Behavioral and physiological characteristics of grizzly and polar bears and their relation to bear repellents.” 1980. Masters Thesis, University of Montana. Accessed January 19, 2021.
https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/7030.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Miller, Gary D. “Behavioral and physiological characteristics of grizzly and polar bears and their relation to bear repellents.” 1980. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Miller GD. Behavioral and physiological characteristics of grizzly and polar bears and their relation to bear repellents. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Montana; 1980. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/7030.
Council of Science Editors:
Miller GD. Behavioral and physiological characteristics of grizzly and polar bears and their relation to bear repellents. [Masters Thesis]. University of Montana; 1980. Available from: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/7030
University of California – Santa Cruz
6.
Pagano, Anthony Michael.
Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) behavior and energetics: New metrics for examining the physiological impact of a changing Arctic environment.
Degree: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 2018, University of California – Santa Cruz
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8gd2b1jd
► Recent declines in Arctic sea ice have been linked to reductions in body condition, survival, and population size of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in some…
(more)
▼ Recent declines in Arctic sea ice have been linked to reductions in body condition, survival, and population size of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in some regions of the Arctic. Reduced foraging opportunity is hypothesized as the primary mechanism of sea-ice linked declines, but increased energy expenditure, as a result of changing sea ice composition and extent may be an additional underlying mechanistic factor. Field metabolic rates of polar bears have been previously unknown and limited information has existed on foraging or other behaviors in polar bears while on the sea ice. Such data are increasingly needed to better understand polar bear habitat use and improve projections of the effects of climate change on global polar bear populations. The primary objectives of this work were to: 1) develop metrics to remotely quantify wild polar bear foraging rates and behaviors; 2) measure the energetic costs of resting, walking, and swimming in captive polar bears, to better estimate the energy demands of free-ranging polar bears; 3) measure the field metabolic rates, behaviors, and foraging rates of free-ranging polar bears on the spring sea ice; and 4) evaluate the ability of tri-axial accelerometers to measure the energy expenditure of free-ranging polar bears. In this dissertation, I develop methods using tri-axial accelerometers to remotely discriminate the behaviors (Chapter 1) and index the energy expenditure (Chapter 5) of free-ranging polar bears. I further find that polar bears have energetic costs of walking that are commensurate with other quadrupedal mammals (Chapter 2), but appear to have high energetic costs of swimming similar to other semi-aquatic mammals (Chapter 3). Additionally, similar to other large carnivores, polar bears have high resting metabolic rates and high field metabolic rates (Chapter 4). Of nine polar bears monitored on the spring sea ice of the Beaufort Sea, five of these bears had energy deficits as a result of their high energy demands and low foraging success (Chapter 4). These findings highlight the physiological constraints of these large apex carnivores and reinforce their reliance on energy-dense pagophilic seal prey. Furthermore, these findings elucidate the implications of increases in the frequency of spring fasting on polar bear body composition. Given their large body size and hypercarnivory, polar bears appear to be poorly suited to cope with rapid environmental change. The metrics developed in this dissertation provide a framework to monitor polar bear behaviors and energy expenditure to aid conservation and management of the species.
Subjects/Keywords: Physiology; Wildlife conservation; Ecology; Accelerometer; Behavior; Grizzly Bear; Locomotion; Metabolism; Polar Bear
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Pagano, A. M. (2018). Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) behavior and energetics: New metrics for examining the physiological impact of a changing Arctic environment. (Thesis). University of California – Santa Cruz. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8gd2b1jd
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Pagano, Anthony Michael. “Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) behavior and energetics: New metrics for examining the physiological impact of a changing Arctic environment.” 2018. Thesis, University of California – Santa Cruz. Accessed January 19, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8gd2b1jd.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Pagano, Anthony Michael. “Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) behavior and energetics: New metrics for examining the physiological impact of a changing Arctic environment.” 2018. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Pagano AM. Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) behavior and energetics: New metrics for examining the physiological impact of a changing Arctic environment. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Santa Cruz; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8gd2b1jd.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Pagano AM. Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) behavior and energetics: New metrics for examining the physiological impact of a changing Arctic environment. [Thesis]. University of California – Santa Cruz; 2018. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8gd2b1jd
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Alberta
7.
Clark, Douglas.
Terrestrial habitat selection by polar bears (Ursus
maritimus Phipps) in the western Hudson Bay Lowlands.
Degree: MS, Department of Zoology, 1996, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/9g54xk66m
Subjects/Keywords: Polar bear – Hudson Bay Region.; Polar bear – Habitat.
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APA (6th Edition):
Clark, D. (1996). Terrestrial habitat selection by polar bears (Ursus
maritimus Phipps) in the western Hudson Bay Lowlands. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/9g54xk66m
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Clark, Douglas. “Terrestrial habitat selection by polar bears (Ursus
maritimus Phipps) in the western Hudson Bay Lowlands.” 1996. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed January 19, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/9g54xk66m.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Clark, Douglas. “Terrestrial habitat selection by polar bears (Ursus
maritimus Phipps) in the western Hudson Bay Lowlands.” 1996. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Clark D. Terrestrial habitat selection by polar bears (Ursus
maritimus Phipps) in the western Hudson Bay Lowlands. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 1996. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/9g54xk66m.
Council of Science Editors:
Clark D. Terrestrial habitat selection by polar bears (Ursus
maritimus Phipps) in the western Hudson Bay Lowlands. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 1996. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/9g54xk66m
University of Saskatchewan
8.
Schmidt, Aimee 1985-.
Retelling the Polar Bear Story: Human Responses to Polar Bear-Human Interactions in Churchill, Manitoba.
Degree: 2017, University of Saskatchewan
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/8278
► Polar bear-human interactions are increasing throughout the Canadian Arctic, pose a significant threat to both people and polar bears, and serve as catalysts for social…
(more)
▼ Polar bear-human interactions are increasing throughout the Canadian Arctic, pose a significant threat to both people and
polar bears, and serve as catalysts for social conflict over how
polar bears are studied and managed. Despite a relatively large body of scientific literature on
polar bears there have been few studies on the human dimensions of
polar bear-human interactions and conflicts. The purpose of this research was to examine the underlying assumptions and expectations that influence responses to
polar bear-human interactions in Churchill, Manitoba. Data were collected using multiple social science methods including semi-structured interviews, talking circles, focus groups, and a problem solving workshop. This research investigated how understandings of
polar bear-human interactions in Churchill, Manitoba are shaped by discourse. I found that study participants used discourses to create and impose boundaries that dictated where
polar bears (and humans) were permitted and defined the possible ways humans and
polar bears could interact. Understanding discursive boundaries and the processes by which they are produced provides insights into why stakeholders often hold divergent opinions over how people should interact with
polar bears. This research also examined how local people and management agencies responded to a
polar bear-inflicted human injury. My findings show that
polar bear management agencies respond remarkably well to errors in procedure, but are often unable to address underlying systemic drivers of
polar bear-human conflict. I also found that some community members had fatalistic attitudes towards
polar bears, which may make them less likely to respond to educational efforts to reduce risk-taking behaviour around
polar bears. Finally, this study documented local knowledge of
polar bear behaviour during interactions, clarified perceptions and interpretations of
polar bears, and examined the linkage between local experts’ knowledge, perceptions, and actions. I found that differences in perspectives on the predictability of
polar bear behaviour and in interpretations of the nature of bears significantly influenced strategies for responding to bears. I also found that there is a need to develop richer models for understanding what motivates and influences human behaviours and responses towards bears. Overall, this disseration provides significant insights not only into how people understand
polar bear-human interactions but also into how these understandings translate to specific on-the-ground practices.
Advisors/Committee Members: Clark, Douglas A, Barrett, MJ, Loring, Philip, Gaudry, Adam, Gore, Meredith, Brook, Ryan K.
Subjects/Keywords: polar bear-human interactions; Churchill Manitoba; human responses; polar bear-human conflicts; human dimensions; local knowledge; perceptions
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APA (6th Edition):
Schmidt, A. 1. (2017). Retelling the Polar Bear Story: Human Responses to Polar Bear-Human Interactions in Churchill, Manitoba. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/8278
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Schmidt, Aimee 1985-. “Retelling the Polar Bear Story: Human Responses to Polar Bear-Human Interactions in Churchill, Manitoba.” 2017. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed January 19, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10388/8278.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Schmidt, Aimee 1985-. “Retelling the Polar Bear Story: Human Responses to Polar Bear-Human Interactions in Churchill, Manitoba.” 2017. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Schmidt A1. Retelling the Polar Bear Story: Human Responses to Polar Bear-Human Interactions in Churchill, Manitoba. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/8278.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Schmidt A1. Retelling the Polar Bear Story: Human Responses to Polar Bear-Human Interactions in Churchill, Manitoba. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/8278
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
9.
Sahanatien, Vicki A.M.
Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Habitat, Space Use,and
Movements in a Seasonal Sea Ice Ecoregion.
Degree: PhD, Department of Biological Sciences, 2015, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/8w32r8445
► Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are sea ice habitat specialists and climate change has affected sea ice throughout this species’ circumpolar range. The annual phenological cycle…
(more)
▼ Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are sea ice habitat
specialists and climate change has affected sea ice throughout this
species’ circumpolar range. The annual phenological cycle of sea
ice growth and decay is a strong influence on polar bear
distribution and ecology. Study of the habitat selection, movements
and spatial ecology of polar bears in the seasonal sea ice
ecoregion has been limited but this is where the most rapid loss of
ice has occurred. In this thesis, to study movements and space use,
I used satellite telemetry to collect year round (2007-2011)
location data of female polar bears and ice-free season location
data of male polar bears, and, satellite imagery to analyze sea ice
habitat. I began with an overall assessment of the state of sea ice
habitat in Foxe Basin. Using microwave satellite imagery (25 x 25
km² resolution) sea ice concentration maps were classified into
four habitat quality categories and the trends (1979-2008) in
fragmentation patch metrics analyzed. I found that the amount of
preferred sea ice habitat declined in autumn and spring, sea ice
season length decreased, and habitat fragmentation increased. The
observed trends may affect polar bear movement patterns,
energetics, and ultimately population trends. When on the sea ice,
female polar bears were distributed in three spatial clusters that
broadly coincided with the three marine water bodies, Foxe Basin,
Hudson Strait and Hudson Bay. Differences in movement metrics (home
range, movement rates, time on ice) were observed between clusters
that may reflect sea ice habitat conditions and ocean productivity.
Annual and seasonal home range fidelity were observed and the bears
used two movement patterns: on-ice range residency and annual
migration. High resolution (150 x 150 m) synthetic aperture radar
(SAR) was tested as an information source to examine sea ice
habitat structure, as described by floes and leads that were
available to female polar bears during their daily movements. I
found that the fine scale ice floe and lead patch density were the
most important sea ice characteristics for bears when foraging on
sea ice. Standard important broad scale variables, ice
concentration, bathymetry and distance to land were not in the top
resource selection models. I examined the terrestrial movement
patterns and behaviour of female and male polar bears during the
annual period of minimum ice cover. The bears remained near the
coast but were segregated by sex and reproductive status. All bears
moved extensively and swimming was a regular behaviour. I propose
an explanatory mechanistic model for terrestrial movement patterns
and behaviours during the ice free season based on external
(abiotic and biotic) and internal (sex, reproductive status)
factors. My research provides new analytical approaches for
monitoring sea ice habitat and study of the functional
relationships between bears, their prey and the sea ice
ecosystem.
Subjects/Keywords: spatial ecology; habitat; polar bear; sea ice; movements
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Sahanatien, V. A. M. (2015). Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Habitat, Space Use,and
Movements in a Seasonal Sea Ice Ecoregion. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/8w32r8445
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sahanatien, Vicki A M. “Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Habitat, Space Use,and
Movements in a Seasonal Sea Ice Ecoregion.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Alberta. Accessed January 19, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/8w32r8445.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sahanatien, Vicki A M. “Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Habitat, Space Use,and
Movements in a Seasonal Sea Ice Ecoregion.” 2015. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Sahanatien VAM. Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Habitat, Space Use,and
Movements in a Seasonal Sea Ice Ecoregion. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/8w32r8445.
Council of Science Editors:
Sahanatien VAM. Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Habitat, Space Use,and
Movements in a Seasonal Sea Ice Ecoregion. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2015. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/8w32r8445
University of Alberta
10.
Slavik, Daniel.
Knowing Nanuut: Bankslanders knowledge and indicators of
polar bear population health.
Degree: MS, Department of Resource Economics and Environmental
Sociology, 2013, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/h702q705q
► Polar bears (Ursus maritimus, Nanuut) are a culturally and economically important species to the Inuvialuit. As a result of climate change, the Arctic is experiencing…
(more)
▼ Polar bears (Ursus maritimus, Nanuut) are a culturally
and economically important species to the Inuvialuit. As a result
of climate change, the Arctic is experiencing rapid ecological
changes with the potential for profound impacts on polar bear
populations. The objectives of the thesis were to document
Inuvialuit knowledge of polar bear population health and to
identify the indicators used by Inuvialuit to assess polar bear
health. Using community-based participatory research methodologies,
participant observation, and semi-directed interviews with
twenty-seven locally identified community experts and knowledge
holders from Sachs Harbour, NWT, this thesis documents Inuvialuit
knowledge of polar bear population health within seven categories
of indicators: body condition and behavior; breeding success; diet
and feeding behaviors; distribution and movements; habitat
conditions; population abundance; and unique observations. This
research finds that Inuvialuit of Banks Island have an accumulated
wealth of traditional knowledge about polar bears and this can
contribute to monitoring of polar bears.
Subjects/Keywords: Ursus maritimus; Polar bear; Sachs Harbour; Traditional Knowledge; Inuvialuit
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APA (6th Edition):
Slavik, D. (2013). Knowing Nanuut: Bankslanders knowledge and indicators of
polar bear population health. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/h702q705q
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Slavik, Daniel. “Knowing Nanuut: Bankslanders knowledge and indicators of
polar bear population health.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed January 19, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/h702q705q.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Slavik, Daniel. “Knowing Nanuut: Bankslanders knowledge and indicators of
polar bear population health.” 2013. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Slavik D. Knowing Nanuut: Bankslanders knowledge and indicators of
polar bear population health. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/h702q705q.
Council of Science Editors:
Slavik D. Knowing Nanuut: Bankslanders knowledge and indicators of
polar bear population health. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2013. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/h702q705q
University of Alberta
11.
Viengkone, Michelle.
Population structure and space-use of polar bears (Ursus
maritimus) in Hudson Bay.
Degree: MS, Department of Biological Sciences, 2015, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/td96k539k
► Traditionally, population delineation has been determined using mark-recapture, band returns, and more recently, telemetry, geologgers and genetics. But telemetric and genetic population structure data have…
(more)
▼ Traditionally, population delineation has been
determined using mark-recapture, band returns, and more recently,
telemetry, geologgers and genetics. But telemetric and genetic
population structure data have rarely been examined concurrently to
explore differences and similarities. I define a population as a
species global range, which contains local interbreeding
subpopulations possessing genetic, spatial and demographic
discontinuity. Spatial distribution during the breeding season is
likely to structure populations genetically. I investigate the
utility of both population genetics and breeding season telemetry
data to examine subpopulation structure. Genetic population
structure was examined in 414 polar bears (Ursus maritimus) caught
throughout Hudson Bay using two genetic marker systems,
microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNPs
detected a larger number of biologically meaningful subpopulations,
with higher proportions of strongly assigned individuals and more
precise estimates of ancestry. SNPs identified four genetic
clusters that differ from the subpopulation designations currently
used for the region. Spatial structure was assessed by comparing
utilization distributions (UDs) during the breeding season from two
perspectives: 1) by grouping individuals by the management
subpopulation where individuals were caught and 2) by grouping
individuals by the genetic cluster they strongly assign to. A
combination of high-resolution SNP information and geographic
positioning system-satellite telemetry data from 62 female polar
bears from three subpopulations of Hudson Bay displayed reduced
shared space-use between grouped UDs based on genetic assignment
than those formed by capture location. Combining genetic and
telemetric data provides an alternative method for understanding
subpopulation delineation.
Subjects/Keywords: SNPs; polar bear; population structure; Hudson Bay; space-use; Ursus maritimus
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APA (6th Edition):
Viengkone, M. (2015). Population structure and space-use of polar bears (Ursus
maritimus) in Hudson Bay. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/td96k539k
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Viengkone, Michelle. “Population structure and space-use of polar bears (Ursus
maritimus) in Hudson Bay.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed January 19, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/td96k539k.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Viengkone, Michelle. “Population structure and space-use of polar bears (Ursus
maritimus) in Hudson Bay.” 2015. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Viengkone M. Population structure and space-use of polar bears (Ursus
maritimus) in Hudson Bay. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/td96k539k.
Council of Science Editors:
Viengkone M. Population structure and space-use of polar bears (Ursus
maritimus) in Hudson Bay. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2015. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/td96k539k
University of Alberta
12.
McCall, Alysa Grace.
Polar bear distribution and habitat selection in western
Hudson Bay.
Degree: MS, Department of Biological Sciences, 2013, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/8w32r648v
► Sea ice in Hudson Bay is melting earlier and freezing later as the climate warms, resulting in declines in the condition, survival, and population size…
(more)
▼ Sea ice in Hudson Bay is melting earlier and freezing
later as the climate warms, resulting in declines in the condition,
survival, and population size of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in
the Western Hudson Bay population. The objectives of this study are
to analyze temporal variation in distribution and quantify patterns
of seasonal habitat selection for polar bears on the sea ice in
Hudson Bay to determine how they respond to changing sea ice
conditions. Between 1990 and 2010, 137 satellite collars were
deployed on 125 adult females yielding approximately 95 000
locations. Utilization distributions and a habitat selection model
were developed. Distribution shifted seasonally and annually, and
habitat selection was most affected by ice concentrations.
Individual differences were most apparent during ice freeze-up and
break-up. This research helps us understand how changes in sea ice
alter polar bear habitat use and selection, important for
predicting responses to future changes.
Subjects/Keywords: habitat selection; distribution; polar bear; Resource Selection Function
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APA (6th Edition):
McCall, A. G. (2013). Polar bear distribution and habitat selection in western
Hudson Bay. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/8w32r648v
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
McCall, Alysa Grace. “Polar bear distribution and habitat selection in western
Hudson Bay.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed January 19, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/8w32r648v.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
McCall, Alysa Grace. “Polar bear distribution and habitat selection in western
Hudson Bay.” 2013. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
McCall AG. Polar bear distribution and habitat selection in western
Hudson Bay. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/8w32r648v.
Council of Science Editors:
McCall AG. Polar bear distribution and habitat selection in western
Hudson Bay. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2013. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/8w32r648v
York University
13.
Abnizova, Anna.
Hydrology, carbon dynamics and hydrochemical properties of ponds in an extensive low gradient High Arctic wetland, Polar Bear Pass, Bathurst Island, Nunavut, Canada.
Degree: PhD, Geography, 2016, York University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10315/31424
► Ponds form the dominant feature of Polar Bear Pass (PBP), one of the largest wetlands in the Canadian High Arctic, and in order to understand…
(more)
▼ Ponds form the dominant feature of
Polar Bear Pass (PBP), one of the largest wetlands in the Canadian High Arctic, and in order to understand the ramifications of climatic changes on PBP we must first understand the ponds' responses to seasonal changes in climatic, physical, chemical, and carbon components. Fieldwork (2007-2010) at PBP aimed (i) to determine water budgets of ponds with various hydrologic settings, (ii) to identify the processes controlling the changes in pond carbon and geochemistry on seasonal and inter-annual bases with a special focus on the snowmelt period, and (iii) to establish the baseline hydrochemistry and hydrology of ponds within the PBP wetland complex. Pond systems at PBP have two hydrologic settings: (i) ones which are hydrologically connected to additional sources of water from their catchments beyond seasonal inputs of snowmelt and rainfall, or (ii) ponds which fail to form a link or only have a limited connection with their surrounding catchments. Intensive seasonal monitoring of water and carbon mass balance showed that elevated loads of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in ponds were mostly of terrestrial origin and occurred in ponds receiving meltwater from snowbeds and/or discharge from hillslope creeks. The seasonal strength in the connectivity of a pond to its catchment from snowmelt to the postsnowmelt period was critical in controlling DOC loads and concentrations. This study provided the first estimates of DOC yields at
Polar Bear Pass, and reported elevated DOC loadings from wet meadow catchments into ponds. This highlights their importance as a source of carbon to pond ecosystems during snowmelt and heavy rainfall events. The water chemistry and environmental data showed that waters at PBP were dominated by calcium and bicarbonate ions that fell on a common dilution line, however, they had distinct proportional major ionic variability due to the location, lithology, and level of water-bedrock interaction, and these dynamics were controlled by differences in climatic conditions and hydrologic connectivity. Results relating to pond-landscape linkages and their role in solute transport to ponds showed (i) elevated surface and subsurface water contribution to ponds in hydrologically connected catchments. The primary mechanism for solute and carbon transport was overland flow during snowmelt and surface/subsurface inflow during the post-snowmelt season. There was (ii) a potential for higher solute inflow during seasons with frequent or large precipitation events. Lastly, (iii) isolated ponds were
subject to evapo-concentration resulting in solute enrichment in pond waters during warm, dry periods. An analysis of carbon dioxide (C02) concentrations in surface waters during snowmelt was conducted to provide the first estimates of this greenhouse gas in ponds at PBP and to further support the interpretation of hydro logic and carbon dynamics in ponds during the snowmelt and early post-snowmelt season. Surface waters at PBP were strong sources of C02 to the atmosphere, with C02…
Advisors/Committee Members: Young, Kathy L. (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Polar Bear Pass; Wetlands; Canadian High Arctic; Hydrology; Pond systems
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APA (6th Edition):
Abnizova, A. (2016). Hydrology, carbon dynamics and hydrochemical properties of ponds in an extensive low gradient High Arctic wetland, Polar Bear Pass, Bathurst Island, Nunavut, Canada. (Doctoral Dissertation). York University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10315/31424
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Abnizova, Anna. “Hydrology, carbon dynamics and hydrochemical properties of ponds in an extensive low gradient High Arctic wetland, Polar Bear Pass, Bathurst Island, Nunavut, Canada.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, York University. Accessed January 19, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10315/31424.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Abnizova, Anna. “Hydrology, carbon dynamics and hydrochemical properties of ponds in an extensive low gradient High Arctic wetland, Polar Bear Pass, Bathurst Island, Nunavut, Canada.” 2016. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Abnizova A. Hydrology, carbon dynamics and hydrochemical properties of ponds in an extensive low gradient High Arctic wetland, Polar Bear Pass, Bathurst Island, Nunavut, Canada. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. York University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10315/31424.
Council of Science Editors:
Abnizova A. Hydrology, carbon dynamics and hydrochemical properties of ponds in an extensive low gradient High Arctic wetland, Polar Bear Pass, Bathurst Island, Nunavut, Canada. [Doctoral Dissertation]. York University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10315/31424
University of Manitoba
14.
Blouw, Christina.
Physical characteristics of polar bear winter sea ice habitat.
Degree: Environment and Geography, 2008, University of Manitoba
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/3054
► Accumulation of dynamic and thermodynamic forces in the Arctic are decreasing the extent of thin annual sea ice which polar bear rely on for survival.…
(more)
▼ Accumulation of dynamic and thermodynamic forces in the Arctic are decreasing the extent of thin annual sea ice which
polar bear rely on for survival. It is imperative that we identify the preferred habitat of
polar bears to fully understand their future requirements.
In this thesis, surveys of
polar bear tracks and the surrounding sea ice variables, at various scales, were recorded. Sea ice roughness was measured through surveys of the sample area in situ, with an electromagnetic induction (EM) system (IcePIC) mounted to a helicopter, and analyzed through advanced synthetic aperture radar (ASAR) images of the study area. In situ
Polar bear tracks provided a limited association with the EM sea ice roughness and a negative association to ASAR sea ice roughness. Results indicate a significant association between EM mean values and ASAR brightness means. In addition, EM statistics and ASAR texture statistics were correlated through a best fit regression model. These associations display a remote method to identify preferred
polar bear habitat and provide a potential linkage between the regional (EM) and remotely sensed (ASAR) assessment of sea ice roughness.
Advisors/Committee Members: Barber, David (Environment & Geography) (supervisor), Hanesiak, John (Environment & Geography).
Subjects/Keywords: sea ice; polar bear habitat
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APA (6th Edition):
Blouw, C. (2008). Physical characteristics of polar bear winter sea ice habitat. (Masters Thesis). University of Manitoba. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1993/3054
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Blouw, Christina. “Physical characteristics of polar bear winter sea ice habitat.” 2008. Masters Thesis, University of Manitoba. Accessed January 19, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1993/3054.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Blouw, Christina. “Physical characteristics of polar bear winter sea ice habitat.” 2008. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Blouw C. Physical characteristics of polar bear winter sea ice habitat. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2008. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/3054.
Council of Science Editors:
Blouw C. Physical characteristics of polar bear winter sea ice habitat. [Masters Thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/3054
University of Washington
15.
Greene, Angelica Diane.
The Role of Scientific Uncertainty in Polar Bear Conservation Policy: A Descriptive Analysis.
Degree: 2016, University of Washington
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/35607
► Abstract In recent years, the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) has become synonymous with the climate change movement. Prior to concerns over global warming, the biggest…
(more)
▼ Abstract In recent years, the
polar bear (Ursus maritimus) has become synonymous with the climate change movement. Prior to concerns over global warming, the biggest threat to
polar bears was overharvest and trophy hunting. For decades, policies successfully mitigated population declines as a result of such stressors, but new and emerging threats have again put the species in peril. The impacts of climate change have motivated the five
polar bear range states to revisit protective policies and yet no measures have been taken to address the drivers of climate change, which has been identified as the biggest threat facing
polar bears. Scientific uncertainty is an integral component of both the scientific and policy processes. However, its misapplication can often compromise effective policy outcomes, as evidenced by
polar bear conservation policy. An analysis of the US Endangered Species Act and The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species demonstrates that to achieve particular policy objectives, scientific uncertainty has been applied to manipulate policy intention, coerce inaction, and subvert precautionary responses to
polar bear extinction. Understanding the influence that scientific uncertainty has on conservation policy can help identify weaknesses, as well as improve management and decision making strategies.
Advisors/Committee Members: Copping, Andrea (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: CITES; conservation; ESA; Polar bear; Environmental studies; marine affairs
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APA (6th Edition):
Greene, A. D. (2016). The Role of Scientific Uncertainty in Polar Bear Conservation Policy: A Descriptive Analysis. (Thesis). University of Washington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1773/35607
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Greene, Angelica Diane. “The Role of Scientific Uncertainty in Polar Bear Conservation Policy: A Descriptive Analysis.” 2016. Thesis, University of Washington. Accessed January 19, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1773/35607.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Greene, Angelica Diane. “The Role of Scientific Uncertainty in Polar Bear Conservation Policy: A Descriptive Analysis.” 2016. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Greene AD. The Role of Scientific Uncertainty in Polar Bear Conservation Policy: A Descriptive Analysis. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Washington; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/35607.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Greene AD. The Role of Scientific Uncertainty in Polar Bear Conservation Policy: A Descriptive Analysis. [Thesis]. University of Washington; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/35607
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Washington
16.
Escajeda, Erica Danielle.
Identifying shifts in maternity den phenology and habitat characteristics of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in Baffin Bay and Kane Basin.
Degree: 2016, University of Washington
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/35583
► The phenology and habitat selection of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) maternity dens may change over time in response to shifting environmental conditions. This study compared…
(more)
▼ The phenology and habitat selection of
polar bear (Ursus maritimus) maternity dens may change over time in response to shifting environmental conditions. This study compared satellite telemetry data on 40 adult females from the Baffin Bay subpopulation collected from 2009–2015, and 16 adult females from the Kane Basin subpopulation collected from 2012–2015 to previously published data on maternity and shelter dens from 1991–1997 in order to look for shifts in maternity den site characteristics and phenology. Sea ice has decreased markedly in the two study regions since the early 1990s. Our specific objectives were to: 1) identify den entry and exit dates using temperature and location data from satellite radio collars; 2) compute denning duration and compare the results to historical data from the 1990s; and 3) characterize and compare maternal den site habitat attributes between the two time periods. Comparison of the Baffin Bay maternity dens (1990s n = 8 dens; 2000s n = 16 dens) from the two periods revealed that mean denning duration shortened in the 2000s by an average of 27 days (mean = 167.1 days, SD = 27.6 days) compared to the 1990s (mean = 194.1 days, SD = 21 days). Delayed den entry in the fall was the primary reason for the shorter denning durations observed in the later decade (1990s median entry date = 28 August; 2000s median entry date = 3 October). Maternity dens in Baffin Bay differed significantly in elevation and slope (p = 0.003), with bears in the 2000s using denning areas at higher elevation and steeper slopes than in the 1990s. No significant difference in den phenology or habitat characteristics was found among the Kane Basin subpopulation. These results suggest significant changes in maternity den phenology and denning habitat selection in Baffin Bay over the past two decades. Shifts in the timing of melting sea ice and the absence of suitable snow conditions may explain the observed changes. This study offers a successful example of the use of satellite telemetry in detecting shifts in phenology and habitat selection for species that occupy remote habitats.
Advisors/Committee Members: Laidre, Kristin L (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Arctic; habitat selection; maternity dens; phenology; polar bear; Ecology; fisheries
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Escajeda, E. D. (2016). Identifying shifts in maternity den phenology and habitat characteristics of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in Baffin Bay and Kane Basin. (Thesis). University of Washington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1773/35583
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Escajeda, Erica Danielle. “Identifying shifts in maternity den phenology and habitat characteristics of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in Baffin Bay and Kane Basin.” 2016. Thesis, University of Washington. Accessed January 19, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1773/35583.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Escajeda, Erica Danielle. “Identifying shifts in maternity den phenology and habitat characteristics of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in Baffin Bay and Kane Basin.” 2016. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Escajeda ED. Identifying shifts in maternity den phenology and habitat characteristics of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in Baffin Bay and Kane Basin. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Washington; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/35583.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Escajeda ED. Identifying shifts in maternity den phenology and habitat characteristics of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in Baffin Bay and Kane Basin. [Thesis]. University of Washington; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/35583
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Toronto
17.
Wong, Pamela B.Y.
Conservation and Biological Senescence in Polar Bears: Telomeres and Inuit Traditional Knowledge.
Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Toronto
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/79501
► Although noninvasive genetic surveys play an increasing role in monitoring polar bear population dynamics, genetic methods of identifying age await development. Telomeres––repetitive DNA sequences at…
(more)
▼ Although noninvasive genetic surveys play an increasing role in monitoring
polar bear population dynamics, genetic methods of identifying age await development. Telomeres––repetitive DNA sequences at chromosome ends––may indicate biological senescence and chronological aging. In some taxa, telomere length has been shown to decline with chronological age, but may vary with tissue, sex, and environmental variation and even within and among individuals of the same age. This thesis evaluates patterns of variation in telomeres as a function of chronological age by i) developing a telomere restriction fragment (TRF) assay in grizzly bears to examine how telomere length varies with age sex, and stress in this taxa and ii) using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to determine how telomere length varies with tissue, age, sex, and population in harvested
polar bears. I also examine iii) Inuit methods of identifying
polar bear characteristics to enrich interpretations of these patterns and iv) Inuit perspectives of research and management for insight into long-term community-level monitoring. TRF assays in grizzly bears are able to detect age and sex effects on telomere length, yet these findings are inconclusive. Future work using a larger sample can confirm these relationships. For heart, muscle, and skin salvaged from
polar bears, significant differences in telomere length occur among populations and these involve differences in age and sex in muscle and potentially skin. Telomeres will likely serve as a better indicator of biological versus chronological aging. Inuit across Nunavut continue to share methods in identifying sex, age, body size and health of encountered
polar bears and their knowledge could inform
polar bear surveys. Unfortunately, not all Inuit support current research and management practices, suggesting there is a need to improve collaborative relationships. Including Inuit in monitoring programs can highlight unique, novel methods of monitoring a high profile at-risk species.
Advisors/Committee Members: Murphy, Robert W, McGregor, Deborah, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.
Subjects/Keywords: aging; biological senescence; Inuit; Polar bear; telomeres; traditional knowledge; 0329
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APA (6th Edition):
Wong, P. B. Y. (2017). Conservation and Biological Senescence in Polar Bears: Telomeres and Inuit Traditional Knowledge. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/79501
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wong, Pamela B Y. “Conservation and Biological Senescence in Polar Bears: Telomeres and Inuit Traditional Knowledge.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Toronto. Accessed January 19, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1807/79501.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wong, Pamela B Y. “Conservation and Biological Senescence in Polar Bears: Telomeres and Inuit Traditional Knowledge.” 2017. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Wong PBY. Conservation and Biological Senescence in Polar Bears: Telomeres and Inuit Traditional Knowledge. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Toronto; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/79501.
Council of Science Editors:
Wong PBY. Conservation and Biological Senescence in Polar Bears: Telomeres and Inuit Traditional Knowledge. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Toronto; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/79501
University of Minnesota
18.
Stapleton, Seth.
Alternative methods for monitoring polar bears in the North American arctic.
Degree: PhD, Conservation Biology, 2013, University of Minnesota
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/162524
► Because polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are dependent on sea ice, climate change poses a significant threat to their long-term existence. The forecasted impacts of sea…
(more)
▼ Because polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are dependent on sea ice, climate change poses a significant threat to their long-term existence. The forecasted impacts of sea ice loss are circumpolar, but to date, effects have been documented in only a few, well-studied populations. Data demonstrating the impacts of climate change are less conclusive or simply lacking elsewhere. In general, current inventory regimes do not enable monitoring with enough regularity to meet the information needs of decision-makers. This reality, combined with pressures from northern communities to reform invasive research techniques (i.e., capture and marking), provided the backdrop for my dissertation. My objective was to implement and evaluate novel, efficient and broadly applicable methods for monitoring polar bears. I first conducted comprehensive aerial (helicopter) surveys of the Foxe Basin population in Nunavut, Canada during the summer, ice-free season. This work demonstrated the utility of the method for estimating the abundance of polar bear populations on land and provided a model for applications in other seasonally ice-free populations. I applied this framework to a neighboring population (Western Hudson Bay) and compared the result to an estimate obtained from physical mark-recapture. This comparison suggested negative bias in the mark-recapture estimate due to spatially limited sampling and resultant capture heterogeneity. Next, I assessed the potential for employing aerial surveys on sea ice in springtime. Although results suggest that detection can be estimated with adequate precision, logistical constraints may hinder the ability to obtain a representative density estimate during springtime. Monitoring programs based on aerial surveys can be designed with sufficient power (>0.8) to detect declines of 40% and 50% over 15- and 30-year periods, with costs comparable to mark-recapture. Costs may be significantly diminished and safety concerns alleviated, however, if bears could be monitored with satellite imagery. I evaluated this technique in a low topography, ice-free setting. Results indicate that bears were reliably identified on imagery, and an estimate of abundance was highly consistent with an independent aerial survey.
Subjects/Keywords: Abundance estimation; Aerial survey; Arctic; Monitoring; Polar bear; Remote sensing
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APA (6th Edition):
Stapleton, S. (2013). Alternative methods for monitoring polar bears in the North American arctic. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/162524
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Stapleton, Seth. “Alternative methods for monitoring polar bears in the North American arctic.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Minnesota. Accessed January 19, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11299/162524.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Stapleton, Seth. “Alternative methods for monitoring polar bears in the North American arctic.” 2013. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Stapleton S. Alternative methods for monitoring polar bears in the North American arctic. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/162524.
Council of Science Editors:
Stapleton S. Alternative methods for monitoring polar bears in the North American arctic. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/162524
University of Alberta
19.
Cattet, Marc.
Aspects of physical condition in black bears and polar
bears.
Degree: MS, Department of Zoology, 1988, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/8p58pg40k
Masters thesis. 38 black bears, (Ursus americanus)
from Alberta and 43 polar bears, (Ursus maritimus) from NWT were
dissected to determine the most statistically reliable equations
for predicting total body weight and non-fat body
weight.
Subjects/Keywords: Black bear – Weight.; Polar bear – Weight.; Body weight.
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APA (6th Edition):
Cattet, M. (1988). Aspects of physical condition in black bears and polar
bears. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/8p58pg40k
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Cattet, Marc. “Aspects of physical condition in black bears and polar
bears.” 1988. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed January 19, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/8p58pg40k.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Cattet, Marc. “Aspects of physical condition in black bears and polar
bears.” 1988. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Cattet M. Aspects of physical condition in black bears and polar
bears. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 1988. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/8p58pg40k.
Council of Science Editors:
Cattet M. Aspects of physical condition in black bears and polar
bears. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 1988. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/8p58pg40k
University of Alberta
20.
Auger-Méthé, Marie.
Walking in Their Footsteps: New Approaches to Identify
Behavioural Processes and Define Home Ranges Using Animal Movement
Data.
Degree: PhD, Department of Biological Sciences, 2014, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/c2r36tx71z
► Animal movement and space-use patterns influence the distribution and abundance of species, predator-prey interactions, and many other ecological processes. Different approaches are used to study…
(more)
▼ Animal movement and space-use patterns influence the
distribution and abundance of species, predator-prey interactions,
and many other ecological processes. Different approaches are used
to study individual's space-use strategies and each approach
suffers from unique challenges. The mechanistic underpinning of
some movement models have led many to confuse patterns with
process, while coarse space-use analyses have led many to miss
critical aspects of animal behaviour. In this thesis, I address
these challenges by refining models of animal search strategies and
developing new methods to incorporate drift in home range analyses.
Understanding how animals find resources with incomplete
information is a topic of interest and controversy in ecology. Two
search strategies have become prominent: the Lévy walk and
area-restricted search (ARS). Although the processes underlying
these strategies differ, they can produce similar movement patterns
and current methods cannot reliably differentiate between them. I
present a method that can simultaneously assess the strength of
evidence for these two strategies, and assess the empirical support
for the use of each strategy by a range of species: woodland
caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), grizzly bears (Ursus arctos),
and polar bears (U. maritimus). Although previous methods would
have found evidence for the Lévy strategy, my method shows greater
support for the ARS strategy. My results also show that species and
individuals vary in their search strategies. While the ARS was
sufficient to explain the movement of some caribou and grizzly
bears, none of the models examined adequately explained the
movement of polar bears. These results demonstrate the usefulness
of this method when evaluating the evidence for the Lévy and ARS
strategies, and highlight the need for additional mechanistic
search strategy models. A home range represents the area an animal
use to perform the majority of the activities required for survival
and reproduction. As such, measuring home range size has been an
important tool to quantity the amount of habitat an animal
requires. However, in moving habitats, traditional home range
estimates may be ill-suited to this task. I present a new approach
to estimate the amount ice habitat encountered by polar bears.
These estimates showed that the traditional geographic home range
underestimates both the movement of bears and the amount of ice
habitat that they encounter. The results also indicated that bears
living on highly mobile ice might be exposed to higher energetic
costs, and potentially larger energetic gains, than bears
inhabiting more stable ice. By improving methods to identify search
strategies and developing new approaches to investigate the effects
of drift on animal home ranges, I provide ecologists a set of new
tools to study animal space use and contribute to the flourishing
field of movement ecology.
Subjects/Keywords: Animal Movement; Area-restricted search; Lévy walk; Home range; Polar bear; Grizzly bear; Caribou; Drift; Sea ice
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Auger-Méthé, M. (2014). Walking in Their Footsteps: New Approaches to Identify
Behavioural Processes and Define Home Ranges Using Animal Movement
Data. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/c2r36tx71z
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Auger-Méthé, Marie. “Walking in Their Footsteps: New Approaches to Identify
Behavioural Processes and Define Home Ranges Using Animal Movement
Data.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Alberta. Accessed January 19, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/c2r36tx71z.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Auger-Méthé, Marie. “Walking in Their Footsteps: New Approaches to Identify
Behavioural Processes and Define Home Ranges Using Animal Movement
Data.” 2014. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Auger-Méthé M. Walking in Their Footsteps: New Approaches to Identify
Behavioural Processes and Define Home Ranges Using Animal Movement
Data. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/c2r36tx71z.
Council of Science Editors:
Auger-Méthé M. Walking in Their Footsteps: New Approaches to Identify
Behavioural Processes and Define Home Ranges Using Animal Movement
Data. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2014. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/c2r36tx71z
University of Alberta
21.
Richardson, Evan Shaun.
The Mating System and Life History of the Polar Bear.
Degree: PhD, Department of Biological Sciences, 2014, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/xg94hp933
► Mating systems evolve in response to factors that influence the distribution and availability of mates. In turn mating systems can influence species life histories as…
(more)
▼ Mating systems evolve in response to factors that
influence the distribution and availability of mates. In turn
mating systems can influence species life histories as a result of
sexual selection. Most of what is known about sexual selection in
large mammals comes from long-term studies of gregarious species
and little information exists on the mating systems and opportunity
for sexual selection in solitary carnivores. In this thesis I
combine long-term mark-recapture and genetic data to describe the
mating system and the opportunity for sexual selection in the
western Hudson Bay polar bear (Ursus maritimus) population. Using
genetically based parentage assignments I provide the first
estimates of lifetime reproductive success in male and female polar
bears. These data along with information on individual phenotypes
are then used to explicitly test the hypothesis that male biased
size dimorphism in polar bears is the result of sexual selection on
male traits. I conclude my thesis by examining long-term trends in
sea ice availability in western Hudson Bay and examine the
potential influence of sea ice conditions during early development
on polar bear growth. The overall objective of this thesis is to
provide much needed insight into the mating system and life history
of polar bears, to aid further investigations into the evolutionary
ecology of the species.
Subjects/Keywords: mating system; lifetime reproductive success; sexual selection; Ursus maritimus; polar bear; life history; climate change
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Richardson, E. S. (2014). The Mating System and Life History of the Polar Bear. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/xg94hp933
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Richardson, Evan Shaun. “The Mating System and Life History of the Polar Bear.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Alberta. Accessed January 19, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/xg94hp933.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Richardson, Evan Shaun. “The Mating System and Life History of the Polar Bear.” 2014. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Richardson ES. The Mating System and Life History of the Polar Bear. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/xg94hp933.
Council of Science Editors:
Richardson ES. The Mating System and Life History of the Polar Bear. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2014. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/xg94hp933
University of Alberta
22.
Pilfold, Nicholas W.
Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) foraging ecology in
spring.
Degree: PhD, Department of Biological Sciences, 2014, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/9g54xm559
► Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) enter a period of intensified feeding in the spring, which allows for the accumulation of energy stores critical to surviving the…
(more)
▼ Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) enter a period of
intensified feeding in the spring, which allows for the
accumulation of energy stores critical to surviving the open water
season. Study on polar bear predation has been limited by sample
size and spatial extent, and hypotheses on the demographic
composition of seal kills and the spatial distribution of polar
bears and seals were incongruent. In this thesis, I used a
long-term dataset (1985-2011) of seals killed by polar bears (n =
650) and predation attempts at ringed seal (Pusa hispida) subnivean
lairs (n = 1396) in the Beaufort Sea, Canada, to link the habitats
polar bears use and the seals that polar bears kill during
hyperphagia. Using DNA and field observations, I determined that
polar bears primarily killed ringed seals, but that bearded seals
(Erignathus barbatus) contributed a significant portion of kill
biomass. An increase in seal kill frequency was observed temporally
over the spring, associated with the onset of ringed seal whelping.
The influence of ringed seal whelping was also observable at
inter-annual scales, with total kill frequency positively
correlated to years of high ringed seal natality, while adults were
killed in higher proportion in years when natality was low.
Employing locations of seal kills and attempted hunts at ringed
seal subnivean lairs, I examined the habitats in which polar bears
hunt and ringed seals whelp. Polar bears selected for active areas
of sea ice near the floe edge when hunting seals. Ringed seal
whelping areas were located over a range of habitats, and the
distribution was correlated with natality. In years of low natality
pup kills were observed primarily in shorefast ice close to land,
but during years of high natality the distribution widened, and pup
kills were observed farther from land and more frequently near
active ice areas. Results suggest that during periods of high
natality, the habitats in which ringed seals whelp overlaps with
areas preferred by polar bears for hunting. The spatial overlap
between polar bears and whelping ringed seals likely influences a
change in the age-class proportions of kills, as polar bears
respond to the availability of vulnerable pups. Finally, I explored
the assumptions of common analytical modelling approaches in
ecology. I established that including biologically relevant
measures, such as the size of kills, provided significant
improvement to the models in both fit and interpretation. Measuring
only the occurrence of an ecological event, whether temporally or
spatially, was found to be insufficient when validated against
independent data. The empirical analyses within this dissertation
suggest that strong assumptions of ecological models may not always
hold. Collecting biologically relevant data in the field, beyond
simply recording events, can test model assumptions and validate
results, increasing model portability and the relevance of the
findings.
Subjects/Keywords: competition; polar bear; ecology; ringed seal; predator-prey; Arctic; habitat selection; foraging
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Pilfold, N. W. (2014). Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) foraging ecology in
spring. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/9g54xm559
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Pilfold, Nicholas W. “Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) foraging ecology in
spring.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Alberta. Accessed January 19, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/9g54xm559.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Pilfold, Nicholas W. “Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) foraging ecology in
spring.” 2014. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Pilfold NW. Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) foraging ecology in
spring. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/9g54xm559.
Council of Science Editors:
Pilfold NW. Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) foraging ecology in
spring. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2014. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/9g54xm559
York University
23.
Sciullo, Luana.
Polar Bear (Ursus Maritimus) Foraging Ecology in Western Hudson Bay.
Degree: PhD, Biology, 2018, York University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10315/34473
► The ecological response of climate change is expected to be especially pronounced across the circumpolar Arctic. Predicted declines in sea ice extent and seasonal duration…
(more)
▼ The ecological response of climate change is expected to be especially pronounced across the circumpolar Arctic. Predicted declines in sea ice extent and seasonal duration are expected to affect the foraging ecology of marine species, particularly
polar bears (Ursus maritimus) that rely on stable sea ice patterns for various aspects of their life history. The goal of this thesis was to quantify body condition and characterize diet composition of
polar bears in western Hudson Bay over a broad temporal scale (2004-2014), and identify potential environmental factors that may influence dietary shifts in one of the southernmost subpopulations of this species.
Body condition was higher in adult and subadult females than males, consistent with energetic demands of gestation and lactation. Body condition also declined over time in adult and subadult males and females and was influenced by sea ice breakup and freeze-up dates. These trends suggest that the historical climate-driven declines in
polar bear body condition documented in western Hudson Bay have continued. Variation in diet composition and dietary niche breadth across age, sex and reproductive groups suggest foraging behaviour is structured by energetic demands, intraspecific competition and sexual body-size dimorphism. Specifically, variation in diet and niche breadth across females was influenced by age (experience), energetic state and avoidance behaviours. Variation in diet composition and niche breadth between male and female bears, however, was more likely structured by body size, whereby capture of larger prey types and a broader range of prey species occurred with increasing body size. Body condition was positively related to niche breadth in adult males but negatively related to niche breadth in females with dependents, suggesting that less-selective foraging (scavenging) does not benefit body condition among reproductive females. Inter-annual fluctuations in diet composition reflected shifts in local prey availability during the study period, and sea ice breakup date influenced the diets of subadults and family groups, suggesting an increased sensitivity to sea ice conditions. Therefore, inter-annual variability in diet and declines in
polar bear body condition likely reflect contemporaneous changes in sea ice availability and population demography, and have implications for the long-term conservation of this subpopulation.
Advisors/Committee Members: Thiemann, Gregory (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Zoology; Polar bear; Western Hudson Bay; Foraging ecology; Behaviour; Arctic; Ursus maritimus; Predator; Predator-prey
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Sciullo, L. (2018). Polar Bear (Ursus Maritimus) Foraging Ecology in Western Hudson Bay. (Doctoral Dissertation). York University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10315/34473
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sciullo, Luana. “Polar Bear (Ursus Maritimus) Foraging Ecology in Western Hudson Bay.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, York University. Accessed January 19, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10315/34473.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sciullo, Luana. “Polar Bear (Ursus Maritimus) Foraging Ecology in Western Hudson Bay.” 2018. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Sciullo L. Polar Bear (Ursus Maritimus) Foraging Ecology in Western Hudson Bay. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. York University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10315/34473.
Council of Science Editors:
Sciullo L. Polar Bear (Ursus Maritimus) Foraging Ecology in Western Hudson Bay. [Doctoral Dissertation]. York University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10315/34473
Queens University
24.
Wong, Pamela.
Reliability, Accuracy, and Tracking Techniques of Inuit Hunters in Estimating Polar Bear Characteristics From Tracks
.
Degree: Biology, 2010, Queens University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/5975
► Inuit estimates of polar bear characteristics from tracks could complement ongoing capture-mark-recapture methods to frequently monitor polar bear populations in response to climate-induced habitat changes.…
(more)
▼ Inuit estimates of polar bear characteristics from tracks could complement ongoing capture-mark-recapture methods to frequently monitor polar bear populations in response to climate-induced habitat changes. Before the inclusion of these Inuit track estimates, they need to be evaluated for reliability and accuracy. Building on previous work, which showed increased reliability among active Inuit hunters, this thesis research reports i) reliability in estimates of sex, age, size, and age of track of a larger number of tracks by a larger number of Inuit hunters; ii) preliminary accuracy assessments of sex and size estimates; iii) semi-structured interviews with Inuit hunters regarding their polar bear tracking experience and techniques; and iv) potential relations between Inuit hunting experience and reliability and accuracy in diagnosing tracks. The Inuit hunters were reliable and consistent as a group in making estimates of sex (α=0.74 and mean corrected item-total correlation=0.45), age (α=0.81 and mean corrected item-total correlation=0.63), and size (α=0.91 and mean corrected item-total correlation=0.73), as well as age of track estimates with the exclusion of a single participant (α=0.85 and mean corrected item-total correlation=0.63). Preliminary accuracy assessments suggest Inuit hunters are generally accurate in their estimates of sex (mean 65.28% agreement with genetic sex estimates) and potentially size from tracks, warranting further efforts to determine accuracy in these estimates as well as age and age of track. Semi-structured, open-ended interviews with each hunter revealed they use similar tracking techniques, which may explain their high agreement in making estimates. In addition, Inuit tracking experience and the use of particular tracking methods may correlate with individual reliability and accuracy in track diagnoses. These results suggest the information that Inuit hunters provide may inform any tracking-based polar bear survey.
Subjects/Keywords: Traditional Knowledge
;
Tracking
;
Polar Bear
;
Inuit
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Wong, P. (2010). Reliability, Accuracy, and Tracking Techniques of Inuit Hunters in Estimating Polar Bear Characteristics From Tracks
. (Thesis). Queens University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1974/5975
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wong, Pamela. “Reliability, Accuracy, and Tracking Techniques of Inuit Hunters in Estimating Polar Bear Characteristics From Tracks
.” 2010. Thesis, Queens University. Accessed January 19, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1974/5975.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wong, Pamela. “Reliability, Accuracy, and Tracking Techniques of Inuit Hunters in Estimating Polar Bear Characteristics From Tracks
.” 2010. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Wong P. Reliability, Accuracy, and Tracking Techniques of Inuit Hunters in Estimating Polar Bear Characteristics From Tracks
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Queens University; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/5975.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Wong P. Reliability, Accuracy, and Tracking Techniques of Inuit Hunters in Estimating Polar Bear Characteristics From Tracks
. [Thesis]. Queens University; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/5975
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Alberta
25.
Latour, Paul B.
Social behavior of polar bears: maritimus Phipps,
concentrated on land during the ice-free season of Hudson
Bay.
Degree: MS, 1980, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/rn3013871
Subjects/Keywords: Social behavior in animals.; Polar bear – Hudson Bay.; Polar bear – Manitoba – Cape Churchill.; Polar bear – Behavior.
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Latour, P. B. (1980). Social behavior of polar bears: maritimus Phipps,
concentrated on land during the ice-free season of Hudson
Bay. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/rn3013871
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Latour, Paul B. “Social behavior of polar bears: maritimus Phipps,
concentrated on land during the ice-free season of Hudson
Bay.” 1980. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed January 19, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/rn3013871.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Latour, Paul B. “Social behavior of polar bears: maritimus Phipps,
concentrated on land during the ice-free season of Hudson
Bay.” 1980. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Latour PB. Social behavior of polar bears: maritimus Phipps,
concentrated on land during the ice-free season of Hudson
Bay. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 1980. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/rn3013871.
Council of Science Editors:
Latour PB. Social behavior of polar bears: maritimus Phipps,
concentrated on land during the ice-free season of Hudson
Bay. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 1980. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/rn3013871
Stockholm University
26.
Szanto, Imola.
Arktisk turism och skyddet av isbjörnen : En miljörättslig analys av skyddet av Svalbards isbjörnar i en tid av ökad sjöburen turism.
Degree: Law, 2020, Stockholm University
URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-183400
► One of the main attractions for tourists visiting Svalbard, Norway, are polar bears. The polar bear is a vulnerable species, dependent on sea ice…
(more)
▼ One of the main attractions for tourists visiting Svalbard, Norway, are polar bears. The polar bear is a vulnerable species, dependent on sea ice to survive as this is where they hunt, wander and raise their cubs. Ship-based tourism poses a number of threats mainly due to the disturbances caused by the presence of ships, damage of critical habitats and the increasing interactions and deadly conflicts between humans and polar bears. Appropriate and effective legislation based on scientific knowledge of the impacts of ship-based tourism on polar bears is necessary to ensure sustainable tourism and environmental protection. Species protection and habitat conservation is not an issue isolated to Svalbard or the polar bears but rather just one part of the pressing global issue concerning loss of biodiversity, which is one of the greatest threats to humankind. The Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention) aims to ensure the conservation of wild flora and fauna species and their habitats. At the time of signing, the Norwegian Government excluded Svalbard from the application of the Bern Convention, ensuring that national conservation policies for Svalbard would be promoted. The Svalbard Environmental Protection Act is the main act regulating environmental protection on Svalbard, including both general principles and specific provisions regarding species and habitat protection. This paper explores the various needs of the polar bear population in Svalbard and the impacts caused by ship-based tourism. The Bern Convention’s provisions relating to the identified threats posed by ship-based tourism are examined and compared with the corresponding provisions in the Svalbard Environmental Protection Act. Moreover, this paper analyses the potential benefits that could arise from the application of the Bern Convention to the Svalbard territory. This paper concludes that the protection of the polar bears could, de jure, be strengthened by the Bern Convention, mainly due to the extensive interpretation of the types of activities that should be prohibited by signatory states. However, the Bern Convention can only be enforced by non-binding mechanisms and it is therefore unlikely that the application of the convention would lead to stronger protection of the polar bears than that which is provided by national legislation. The protection of the polar bear from threats caused by ship-based tourism would therefore, de facto, most likely not be strengthened by the application of the Bern Convention.
Subjects/Keywords: Arctic; tourism; arctic tourism; polar bear; ship-based tourism; polar bears; polar bear protection; Bern Convention; Svalbard; species protection; Arktis; turism; arktisk turism; sjöburen turism; isbjörn; isbjörnar; isbjörnsskydd; Bernkonventionen; Svalbard; artskydd; Law; Juridik
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APA (6th Edition):
Szanto, I. (2020). Arktisk turism och skyddet av isbjörnen : En miljörättslig analys av skyddet av Svalbards isbjörnar i en tid av ökad sjöburen turism. (Thesis). Stockholm University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-183400
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Szanto, Imola. “Arktisk turism och skyddet av isbjörnen : En miljörättslig analys av skyddet av Svalbards isbjörnar i en tid av ökad sjöburen turism.” 2020. Thesis, Stockholm University. Accessed January 19, 2021.
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-183400.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Szanto, Imola. “Arktisk turism och skyddet av isbjörnen : En miljörättslig analys av skyddet av Svalbards isbjörnar i en tid av ökad sjöburen turism.” 2020. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Szanto I. Arktisk turism och skyddet av isbjörnen : En miljörättslig analys av skyddet av Svalbards isbjörnar i en tid av ökad sjöburen turism. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stockholm University; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-183400.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Szanto I. Arktisk turism och skyddet av isbjörnen : En miljörättslig analys av skyddet av Svalbards isbjörnar i en tid av ökad sjöburen turism. [Thesis]. Stockholm University; 2020. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-183400
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Montana
27.
Donahue, Shannon Kelly.
The Last Standing Bear: a documentary film on the life and work of Charles Jonkel.
Degree: MS, 2010, University of Montana
URL: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/1038
► The Last Standing Bear: The life and work of Charles Jonkel is a documentary film about Dr. Charles Jonkel, a pioneer of polar bear biology,…
(more)
▼ The Last Standing Bear: The life and work of Charles Jonkel is a documentary film
about Dr. Charles Jonkel, a pioneer of polar bear biology, and his contributions to
science, conservation and community. Jonkel was among the first scientists to
capture and handle black bears and polar bears, was instrumental in developing
international conservation and management strategies for polar bears, and has
influenced generations of biologists, conservationists, activists, and students
through his scientific research, teaching, advocacy, and character. The Last Standing
Bear attempts to interpret Jonkel’s contribution to science, conservation, and
community. Using direct cinema, the film examines Jonkel’s life and work through
his own words, interviews with colleagues, students, friends, and family, and
archival 16mm and Superâ€8 film footage of Jonkel’s polar bear research with the
Canadian Wildlife Service. While Jonkel’s accomplishments are wide and varied, the
film presents his life and work in relation to his affinity with the polar bear. This
thesis presents the script, an analysis of the film and its process, and the opening
and closing scenes of the film.
Subjects/Keywords: bear; bear biology; black bear; Charles Jonkel; documentary; film; grizzly bear; history of bear biology; history of wildife biology; polar bear; wildlife biology
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Donahue, S. K. (2010). The Last Standing Bear: a documentary film on the life and work of Charles Jonkel. (Masters Thesis). University of Montana. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/1038
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Donahue, Shannon Kelly. “The Last Standing Bear: a documentary film on the life and work of Charles Jonkel.” 2010. Masters Thesis, University of Montana. Accessed January 19, 2021.
https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/1038.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Donahue, Shannon Kelly. “The Last Standing Bear: a documentary film on the life and work of Charles Jonkel.” 2010. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Donahue SK. The Last Standing Bear: a documentary film on the life and work of Charles Jonkel. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Montana; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/1038.
Council of Science Editors:
Donahue SK. The Last Standing Bear: a documentary film on the life and work of Charles Jonkel. [Masters Thesis]. University of Montana; 2010. Available from: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/1038
University of Alberta
28.
Mislan, Patrick.
Assessing stress in western Hudson Bay polar bears using
hair cortisol concentration as a biomarker.
Degree: MS, Department of Biological Sciences, 2015, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/k930c069b
► The development of novel biomarkers to help assess whether polar bear (Ursus maritimus) health is impacted by long-term physiological stress associated with climate change represents…
(more)
▼ The development of novel biomarkers to help assess
whether polar bear (Ursus maritimus) health is impacted by
long-term physiological stress associated with climate change
represents an emerging area of research. With progressively greater
reductions in sea ice cover and a corresponding decrease in food
availability, polar bears are likely to experience high levels of
stress. While stress is adaptive in the short term, chronic stress
can have deleterious effects, which may impair individual and
population level health. Cortisol is the principal effector hormone
of the stress response and has previously been linked to aspects of
polar bear biology (e.g. reproduction, growth) that have been shown
to be negatively influenced by environmental change. Understanding
stress is important for polar bears at the southern limit of their
range, such as those in western Hudson Bay (WH), where changing sea
ice phenology threatens population viability. We examined the
relationship between the biological and demographic variables of
age, reproductive status, and body condition (fatness) and hair
cortisol concentration (HCC) in 729 polar bears in WH sampled from
2004 - 2013. Overall, there was a negative relationship between
fatness and HCC, suggesting that bears in poorer body condition
experienced higher levels of stress. However, when reproductive
status was included in our analysis, this relationship only held
for male and lone female bears. Females with dependent offspring
had consistently low fatness and elevated HCC, likely because of
the high cost of maternal care. We also found a positive
correlation between HCC and age for bears in: 1) poorer body
condition, possibly due to nutritional stress compounding effects
of aging; and 2) male bears, potentially due to stress and injury
associated with intrasexual mate competition. These findings
support the use of HCC as a biomarker for polar bear health.
Furthermore, we have established a HCC benchmark against which
future effects of continued climate change on polar bear health can
be measured.
Subjects/Keywords: body condition; cortisol; hormone; stress; Polar Bear; glucocorticoid; Ursus maritimus; Hudson Bay; Age effect; climate change; sea ice
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
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APA (6th Edition):
Mislan, P. (2015). Assessing stress in western Hudson Bay polar bears using
hair cortisol concentration as a biomarker. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/k930c069b
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mislan, Patrick. “Assessing stress in western Hudson Bay polar bears using
hair cortisol concentration as a biomarker.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed January 19, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/k930c069b.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mislan, Patrick. “Assessing stress in western Hudson Bay polar bears using
hair cortisol concentration as a biomarker.” 2015. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Mislan P. Assessing stress in western Hudson Bay polar bears using
hair cortisol concentration as a biomarker. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/k930c069b.
Council of Science Editors:
Mislan P. Assessing stress in western Hudson Bay polar bears using
hair cortisol concentration as a biomarker. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2015. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/k930c069b
Brigham Young University
29.
Olson, Jay Wesley.
Maternal Denning Phenology and Substrate Selection of Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) in the Southern Beaufort and Chukchi Seas.
Degree: MS, 2015, Brigham Young University
URL: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7173&context=etd
► Loss of sea ice due to global warming may affect the phenology and distribution of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) denning by altering access to denning…
(more)
▼ Loss of sea ice due to global warming may affect the phenology and distribution of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) denning by altering access to denning habitats. We examined trends in the selection of maternal denning substrate (land versus sea-ice denning) in the southern Beaufort Sea (SB), addressing the potential influence of summer land-use and fall sea-ice conditions on substrate selection. We developed an algorithm based on statistical process control methods to remotely identify denning bears and estimate denning phenology from temperature sensor data collected on collars deployed 1985–2013 in the SB and Chukchi Sea (CS). We evaluated cub survival relative to den entrance, emergence, and duration, and examined differences in the phenology of land and sea-ice dens. Land denning in the SB was more common during years when ice retreated farther from the coast and off of the continental shelf in September. All SB bears that occupied land prior to denning subsequently denned on land; however, only 29% of denning bears that summered on sea ice denned on land. Den entrance and duration in the SB and CS were similar, although CS bears emerged later. Land dens were occupied longer than those on ice. Bears later observed with cubs remained in dens 23 days longer and emerged from denning 17 days later on average than bears that denned but were subsequently observed without cubs, suggesting that den exit dates are related to cub survival. The increase in land-based denning in the SB when sea ice retreated farther from shore, along with the positive correlation between fall land-use and land denning, suggest that further sea-ice declines may result in continued increases of onshore denning. Growing numbers of denning females along the coast may increase the potential for human-bear interactions.
Subjects/Keywords: polar bear; Ursus martimus; den; sea ice; phenology; Alaska; southern Beaufort Sea; Chukchi Sea; Plant Sciences
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
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APA (6th Edition):
Olson, J. W. (2015). Maternal Denning Phenology and Substrate Selection of Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) in the Southern Beaufort and Chukchi Seas. (Masters Thesis). Brigham Young University. Retrieved from https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7173&context=etd
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Olson, Jay Wesley. “Maternal Denning Phenology and Substrate Selection of Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) in the Southern Beaufort and Chukchi Seas.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Brigham Young University. Accessed January 19, 2021.
https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7173&context=etd.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Olson, Jay Wesley. “Maternal Denning Phenology and Substrate Selection of Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) in the Southern Beaufort and Chukchi Seas.” 2015. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Olson JW. Maternal Denning Phenology and Substrate Selection of Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) in the Southern Beaufort and Chukchi Seas. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Brigham Young University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7173&context=etd.
Council of Science Editors:
Olson JW. Maternal Denning Phenology and Substrate Selection of Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) in the Southern Beaufort and Chukchi Seas. [Masters Thesis]. Brigham Young University; 2015. Available from: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7173&context=etd
University of Waterloo
30.
Yudina, Olga.
Representations of polar bears in tourism: Exploring power relations through discourse analysis.
Degree: 2014, University of Waterloo
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8755
► Historical and contemporary relationships between human beings and polar bears are dynamic and complex, and the lives of these two animal species continue to be…
(more)
▼ Historical and contemporary relationships between human beings and polar bears are dynamic and complex, and the lives of these two animal species continue to be intimately intertwined in the tourism context. The polar bear viewing industry increasingly relies on the (re)creation, dissemination, and maintenance of particular meanings and natures of polar bears and human-polar bear relationships for economic benefit, raising concerns about how power is circulated and negotiated through representations of polar bears in tourism promotional materials. This paper explores how the polar bear viewing industry constructs or portrays polar bears, and the social effects of these portrayals, through an examination of tourism promotional materials associated with Churchill, Manitoba, the self-proclaimed “polar bear capital of the world.” Informed by ecofeminist theory, the author explores how tourism supports and/or resists the gendered exploitation of polar bears—a social issue that intersects gender and species studies. Employing Foucauldian discourse analysis, three “kinds” of qualitative and visual texts were discursively analyzed, along with the socio-cultural context within which these texts are embedded: websites of 17 tour operators offering polar bear related tours or tourism activities in Churchill; polar bear tourism related online marketing campaigns of two (crown) tourism corporation, Travel Manitoba and the Canadian Tourism Commission; and promotional materials (e.g., postcards, souvenirs, brochures, signage, etc.) collected or observed during the author’s nearly four week stay in the town of Churchill. The author’s reflexive engagement with her own Churchill researcher/tourist experience informs, and is weaved into, this discourse analysis.
The paper shows how various representations of polar bears and the depictions of human-polar bear interactions are not impartial, but embedded contextually and within an intricate web of power relations. The author reveals how these representations express highly objectifying messages, the marginalization of polar bears and their subjective experiences, the imposition of hegemonic gender roles onto the lives of polar bears and a gendering of their environment, and an exploitative attitude toward these animals. Analysis further reveals an interspecies relationship that engages limitedly (if at all) with the notions of care, connectedness, kindness and compassion espoused by ecofeminist philosophy. The author argues for the importance of addressing the issue of species inequality, power abuse, and domination when envisioning sustainable and ethical engagements between human and other-than-human animals in wildlife tourism contexts.
Subjects/Keywords: animal ethics; discourse analysis; ecofeminism; ethic of care; gender; polar bear viewing; species inequality; tourism; wildlife tourism
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Yudina, O. (2014). Representations of polar bears in tourism: Exploring power relations through discourse analysis. (Thesis). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8755
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Yudina, Olga. “Representations of polar bears in tourism: Exploring power relations through discourse analysis.” 2014. Thesis, University of Waterloo. Accessed January 19, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8755.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Yudina, Olga. “Representations of polar bears in tourism: Exploring power relations through discourse analysis.” 2014. Web. 19 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Yudina O. Representations of polar bears in tourism: Exploring power relations through discourse analysis. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 19].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8755.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Yudina O. Representations of polar bears in tourism: Exploring power relations through discourse analysis. [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8755
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
◁ [1] [2] ▶
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Open Access Theses and Dissertations
