subject:(nonconsumptive predator effects)

Bowling Green State University

1. Clark, Jessica. The Sensory Mechanisms of Crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) Used in Detecting Predatory Threats.

Degree: MS, Biological Sciences, 2017, Bowling Green State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1490027671892276

► Organisms are exposed to numerous environmental stimuli in which they must be able to distinguish threats from food sources. In order to make such distinctions,… (more)

▼ Organisms are exposed to numerous environmental stimuli in which they must be able to distinguish threats from food sources. In order to make such distinctions, organisms rely upon sensory mechanisms, including chemoreception, vision, and mechanoreception. With the reception of chemical, visual, and/or mechanical cues prey species can determine the location, size, and movement of a nearby predator. Then, with the information gathered, prey can determine the severity of the threat and respond accordingly, whether to flee or to display a defensive stance. Various studies suggest that several aquatic species, including crayfish, rely on the integration of sensory modalities to accurately assess predatory threats. This study aimed to determine whether a hierarchy in the reliance upon sensory modalities exists in crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) and if this hierarchy is altered across different sensory environments (such as flowing and non-flowing environments). We also sought to determine the significance of sensory multimodality in crayfish. To study the relevance of each of the sensory modalities, as well as the integration of these modalities, in crayfish combinations of lesions/blocks were conducted. Two sensory mechanisms (chemical and mechanical, chemical and visual, or visual and mechanical) were lesioned/blocked at once, leaving one sensory mechanism (vision, mechanoreception, or chemoreception) functional. Each of the crayfish were then exposed to a predatory largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in either a flowing or non-flowing stream where their behavior was recorded for 30 minutes. The behaviors and movements of the crayfish were then analyzed with the use of Ethovison Noldus XT. Linear mixed models were then conducted to determine the impact of the lesions, flowing environments, and the combination ofivthe lesions and flowing environments on the ability of crayfish to detect predatory stimulus. Significant Least Squares Means (LSM) test were followed by Type II Wald Chisquare tests. Results from this study support the significance of sensory multimodality in crayfish for accurately detecting and assessing predatory threats. When the sensory multimodality of crayfish was eliminated the animals were challenged to successfully assess the severity of the predator. Crayfish with only the full use of chemoreceptors or mechanoreceptors showed a greater avoidance of the predator, indicating that these individuals could detect the threat but could not accurately locate the source. Results from this study also suggest that a hierarchy in the reliance upon sensory modalities does exist in crayfish, with a bias towards chemoreception, followed by mechanoreception, and finally vision. Advisors/Committee Members: Moore, Paul (Advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Aquatic Sciences; Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; sensory modalities; multimodality; sensory hierarchy; crayfish; predator-prey interactions; nonconsumptive effects

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Clark, J. (2017). The Sensory Mechanisms of Crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) Used in Detecting Predatory Threats. (Masters Thesis). Bowling Green State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1490027671892276

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Clark, Jessica. “The Sensory Mechanisms of Crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) Used in Detecting Predatory Threats.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Bowling Green State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1490027671892276.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Clark, Jessica. “The Sensory Mechanisms of Crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) Used in Detecting Predatory Threats.” 2017. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Clark J. The Sensory Mechanisms of Crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) Used in Detecting Predatory Threats. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1490027671892276.

Council of Science Editors:

Clark J. The Sensory Mechanisms of Crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) Used in Detecting Predatory Threats. [Masters Thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2017. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1490027671892276

2. Scherer, Avery E. Characterization of an induced morphological defense in the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica.

Degree: 2018, Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.6/1170

Subjects/Keywords: chemical ecology; inducible defenses; nonconsumptive predator effects; oyster reef; oysters; predator-prey ecology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Scherer, A. E. (2018). Characterization of an induced morphological defense in the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica. (Thesis). Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.6/1170

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Scherer, Avery E. “Characterization of an induced morphological defense in the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica.” 2018. Thesis, Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.6/1170.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Scherer, Avery E. “Characterization of an induced morphological defense in the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica.” 2018. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Scherer AE. Characterization of an induced morphological defense in the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica. [Internet] [Thesis]. Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.6/1170.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Scherer AE. Characterization of an induced morphological defense in the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica. [Thesis]. Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.6/1170

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

3. Sitvarin, Michael Ian. Behavioral and ecological consequences of multiple intraguild predators and connections between predators, prey, and ecosystem function.

Degree: PhD, Zoology, 2014, Miami University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1408538928

► Prey species sit at a pivotal point in food webs, serving as a connection between predators and energy sources (e.g., plants or detritus). Most prey… (more)

▼ Prey species sit at a pivotal point in food webs, serving as a connection between predators and energy sources (e.g., plants or detritus). Most prey face multiple predators and must integrate information about predation risk if they are to avoid being consumed. Meanwhile, predators interact with one another and can increase or decrease their combined pressure on prey. By interacting with their prey, predators can indirectly affect ecosystem functions, even without reducing prey population size. The goal of my dissertation was to understand how prey survive in a world with multiple predators and to uncover linkages between predators and the soil food web. I first tested hypotheses about how the wolf spider Pardosa milvina responds to cues from multiple predators (the larger wolf spider Tigrosa helluo and the ground beetle Scarites quadriceps) and how inaccurate information regarding predation threat affects survival. Pardosa were capable of distinguishing between predators and responding adaptively, though prey responses were not optimized when predators were at elevated hunger levels. As a second step, I allowed multiple predators (the wolf spider Rabidosa rabida along with Tigrosa and Scarites) to freely interact with each other and their prey (Pardosa) to test the influence of predator characteristics and the occurrence of intraguild predation on prey survival. Overall, I found support for a predictive framework of emergent multiple predator effects, though intraguild predation events caused significant deviations from model predictions. I also investigated the consumptive and nonconsumptive effects predators can have on their environment, focusing on the detrital food chain. The presence of either Pardosa or their cues impacted CO₂ flux and soil nitrogen content as mediated by the detritivore Sinella curviseta, suggesting indirect top-down control of ecosystem function by predators. Finally, I tested the response of Sinella to cues indicating predation risk to determine if changes in detritivore activity linked predators to ecosystem function. Sinella responded innately to necromones but did not alter activity levels in the presence of Pardosa cues, even after a conditioning period. Advisors/Committee Members: Rypstra, Ann (Advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Ecology; Entomology; Organismal Biology; Soil Sciences; Zoology; predation; ecology; behavior; predator; prey; nonconsumptive effects; intraguild predation; emergent multiple predator effects; activity; survival; ecosystem function; soil respiration; soil nitrogen content; trait-mediated interaction; interference

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sitvarin, M. I. (2014). Behavioral and ecological consequences of multiple intraguild predators and connections between predators, prey, and ecosystem function. (Doctoral Dissertation). Miami University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1408538928

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sitvarin, Michael Ian. “Behavioral and ecological consequences of multiple intraguild predators and connections between predators, prey, and ecosystem function.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Miami University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1408538928.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sitvarin, Michael Ian. “Behavioral and ecological consequences of multiple intraguild predators and connections between predators, prey, and ecosystem function.” 2014. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Sitvarin MI. Behavioral and ecological consequences of multiple intraguild predators and connections between predators, prey, and ecosystem function. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Miami University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1408538928.

Council of Science Editors:

Sitvarin MI. Behavioral and ecological consequences of multiple intraguild predators and connections between predators, prey, and ecosystem function. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Miami University; 2014. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1408538928

Virginia Commonwealth University

4. Asquith, Christopher. Size-structured competition and predation in red-eyed treefrog tadpoles.

Degree: MS, Biology, 2010, Virginia Commonwealth University

URL: https://doi.org/10.25772/WVQ5-C515 ; https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/58

► Body size is important in determining the outcome of competition and predator-prey interactions. Size structure of a population (i.e. relative proportion of large and small… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Population size structure; asymmetric competition; nonconsumptive predator effects; leaf-breeding treefrogs; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Biology; Life Sciences

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Asquith, C. (2010). Size-structured competition and predation in red-eyed treefrog tadpoles. (Thesis). Virginia Commonwealth University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25772/WVQ5-C515 ; https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/58

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Asquith, Christopher. “Size-structured competition and predation in red-eyed treefrog tadpoles.” 2010. Thesis, Virginia Commonwealth University. Accessed April 15, 2021. https://doi.org/10.25772/WVQ5-C515 ; https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/58.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Asquith, Christopher. “Size-structured competition and predation in red-eyed treefrog tadpoles.” 2010. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Asquith C. Size-structured competition and predation in red-eyed treefrog tadpoles. [Internet] [Thesis]. Virginia Commonwealth University; 2010. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25772/WVQ5-C515 ; https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/58.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Asquith C. Size-structured competition and predation in red-eyed treefrog tadpoles. [Thesis]. Virginia Commonwealth University; 2010. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25772/WVQ5-C515 ; https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/58

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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