You searched for subject:(microplastics).
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Victoria University of Wellington
1.
Baird, Clifford Alan.
Measuring the Effects of Microplastics on Sponges.
Degree: 2016, Victoria University of Wellington
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/6749 
► Microplastics (MP’s) are ubiquitous throughout the marine environment, and are derived from either direct production or from the fragmentation (to <5mm) of larger plastic pollution.…
(more)
▼ Microplastics (MP’s) are ubiquitous throughout the marine environment, and are derived from either direct production or from the fragmentation (to <5mm) of larger plastic pollution. Recently concern has intensified as the extent of MP pollution and its presence in the marine environment has been highlighted. Literature concerning concentrations of
microplastics indicates an increasing occurrence in the marine environment, from coastal beaches to deep sea sediments. In addition, the effects
microplastics have on marine organisms are well documented, with studies ranging from large pelagic animals to benthic filter feeders. However to date, there are few data on how MPs influence Porifera.
Sponges are an important component of temperate benthic ecosystems, providing a range of important functional roles. Sponges are able to adapt to many environments by exploiting a variety of food sources, from dissolved organic matter to small crustaceans. Regardless of this, sponges feed primarily on picoplankton, and are able to retain up to 99% of these from seawater. The impact
microplastics have on these suspension feeders is becoming of increasing concern, and previous research has centred primarily on sponge feeding or responses to sediments. As such, this thesis is the first to focus on the metabolic responses of sponges to MPs. To examine this, two response variables were measured: O₂ consumption (Respiration) and feeding (Retention efficiency).
To examine the effects of MP on sponge respiration, two temperate sponge species (Tethya bergquistae and Crella incrustans) were exposed to two different sized plastic particles (1 μm and 6 μm) at two different concentrations (200,000 and 400,000 beads per mL). Results indicate that sponges are resilient to MP pollution. The only significant result was the effect of MP size on the respiration rates on Tethya bergquistae (P = 0.001), but there were no other significant main effects or interactions.
Marine particulates come in many shapes and sizes, as such the retention abilities of temperate sponges were tested after exposure to different types and sizes of particulates. This was achieved by subjecting the same two sponge species (Crella incrustans and Tethya bergquistae) to two microplastic (1 μm & 6 μm), two sediment (1 μm & 6 μm) and two “Food” (raw sea water and Isochrysis galbana) treatments. This experiment showed some significant retention differences, but these differences were difficult to explain and largely inconclusive. This has highlighted the need for further investigation into the effects of: mixed treatments (i.e. sediments + plastics together) and varying plastic shapes (sphere + fibre + fragment). Finally, there is a crucial gap in knowledge regarding the fate of
microplastics after ingestion by sponges.
This research outlines the potential for temperate sponges to be resilient to
microplastics particles when considering respiration rates. In addition, this study also outlines the variable nature of Crella incrustans and Tethya bergquistae concerning particulate…
Advisors/Committee Members: Bell, James.
Subjects/Keywords: Microplastics; Porifera; Sponges
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APA (6th Edition):
Baird, C. A. (2016). Measuring the Effects of Microplastics on Sponges. (Masters Thesis). Victoria University of Wellington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10063/6749
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Baird, Clifford Alan. “Measuring the Effects of Microplastics on Sponges.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10063/6749.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Baird, Clifford Alan. “Measuring the Effects of Microplastics on Sponges.” 2016. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Baird CA. Measuring the Effects of Microplastics on Sponges. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/6749.
Council of Science Editors:
Baird CA. Measuring the Effects of Microplastics on Sponges. [Masters Thesis]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/6749
2.
Abdulmalik Ali, Mansurat Golden.
Presence And Characterization Of Microplastics In Drinking (Tap/Bottled) Water And Soft Drinks.
Degree: MS, Earth System Science & Policy, 2019, University of North Dakota
URL: https://commons.und.edu/theses/2832
► This study investigates the presence of microplastics in human consumable products using 33 samples; Fifteen tap water samples, nine bottled water and nine soft…
(more)
▼ This study investigates the presence of
microplastics in human consumable products using 33 samples; Fifteen tap water samples, nine bottled water and nine soft drink samples, collected and purchased in Grand Forks, ND.
Tap water analysis confirm all samples contain
microplastics, majority of which were fibres and fragments with 48.6% and 41.8% abundance. The average concentration was 182 mpp/L (range 66 mpp/L – 472 mpp/L) with 2.5 µm – 3 mm size range. Bottled water and soft drinks were also contaminated with
microplastics with an average of 101 mpp/L (range 49 mpp/L – 166 mpp/L) and particle size ranging from 5 µm – 1.4 mm. Fragments were most abundant with 51.7 % followed by fibres with 38.1 %. Soft drink samples were all contaminated with
microplastics averaging 159 mpp/L (range 77 mpp/L – 256 mpp/L) with particles size > 3 µm – 1.2 mm. Morphologic analysis was done for particles > 100 µm thus, fragments were most abundant with 58. 7 % followed by fibres with 32.2 %.
Data suggests contamination was at least coming from surface run-off, waste water effluents and packaging or bottling itself. Analysis showed the prevalence of smaller particles less than 100 µm containing 84%, 92 % and 71 % of total
microplastics analyzed in tap, bottled water and soft drinks, respectively. Our results give a substantial need for a well targeted research to better understand microplastic uptake, fate and health effects under relevant exposure scenarios.
Advisors/Committee Members: Xiaodong Zhang.
Subjects/Keywords: Anthropogenic contamination; Earth Science; Microplastics
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APA (6th Edition):
Abdulmalik Ali, M. G. (2019). Presence And Characterization Of Microplastics In Drinking (Tap/Bottled) Water And Soft Drinks. (Masters Thesis). University of North Dakota. Retrieved from https://commons.und.edu/theses/2832
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Abdulmalik Ali, Mansurat Golden. “Presence And Characterization Of Microplastics In Drinking (Tap/Bottled) Water And Soft Drinks.” 2019. Masters Thesis, University of North Dakota. Accessed January 26, 2021.
https://commons.und.edu/theses/2832.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Abdulmalik Ali, Mansurat Golden. “Presence And Characterization Of Microplastics In Drinking (Tap/Bottled) Water And Soft Drinks.” 2019. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Abdulmalik Ali MG. Presence And Characterization Of Microplastics In Drinking (Tap/Bottled) Water And Soft Drinks. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of North Dakota; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: https://commons.und.edu/theses/2832.
Council of Science Editors:
Abdulmalik Ali MG. Presence And Characterization Of Microplastics In Drinking (Tap/Bottled) Water And Soft Drinks. [Masters Thesis]. University of North Dakota; 2019. Available from: https://commons.und.edu/theses/2832
Delft University of Technology
3.
Wegman, Tess (author).
Spreading of floating marine microplastics.
Degree: 2020, Delft University of Technology
URL: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b0224272-9972-4708-b14b-703dcfb70e51
► This study aims to get an insight into the particle trajectories that microplastics follow, after having been released in the North Sea. For the computations…
(more)
▼ This study aims to get an insight into the particle trajectories that
microplastics follow, after having been released in the North Sea. For the computations daily-mean values of the surface currents are used, retrieved from the Mercator global ocean model. 2D particles trajectories are simulated for a year, with a 3rd party Python toolbox for Lagrangian simulation of particles: OceanParcels. Particles released from any location in the North Sea eventually get trapped in the Norwegian Coastal Current (NCC). From here they are being further advected to the North, at different moments in time for the particles released at different locations. The coastal processes in the NCC are mainly linked to wind and stratification, hence variations in ow patterns near the coast are linked to the seasons. When these ow pattern include large scale eddies, the particles follow a meandering and erratic path. Floating plastic particles released in the North Sea will flow northwards along the coast of Norway. Eventually those particles will end up in the Arctic region or get trapped in the Norwegian fjords, independently of the location of release. However, the time scale of the northward advection depends both on where the particle has been released and the environmental conditions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Pietrzak, Julie (mentor), de Boer, Gerben (mentor), Keyzer, Lennart (graduation committee), Delft University of Technology (degree granting institution).
Subjects/Keywords: Oceanography; Particle Tracking; Microplastics
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APA (6th Edition):
Wegman, T. (. (2020). Spreading of floating marine microplastics. (Thesis). Delft University of Technology. Retrieved from http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b0224272-9972-4708-b14b-703dcfb70e51
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wegman, Tess (author). “Spreading of floating marine microplastics.” 2020. Thesis, Delft University of Technology. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b0224272-9972-4708-b14b-703dcfb70e51.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wegman, Tess (author). “Spreading of floating marine microplastics.” 2020. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Wegman T(. Spreading of floating marine microplastics. [Internet] [Thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b0224272-9972-4708-b14b-703dcfb70e51.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Wegman T(. Spreading of floating marine microplastics. [Thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2020. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b0224272-9972-4708-b14b-703dcfb70e51
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Melbourne
4.
Lu, Hsuan-Cheng.
Influence of urban land use on the accumulation of microplastics in urban water bodies.
Degree: 2016, University of Melbourne
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/119550
► Microplastics contamination has been considered as an arising concern in aquatic environments because of their widespread occurrence. Previous studies in aquatic environments demonstrated that they…
(more)
▼ Microplastics contamination has been considered as an arising concern in aquatic environments because of their widespread occurrence. Previous studies in aquatic environments demonstrated that they were accumulated in the environments and might pose negative biological impacts. Compared with studies conducted in marine, freshwater and estuarine environments, little was known about microplastics in urban wetlands. Sediment samples were collected from twenty urban wetlands with different proportion of land use within catchments. Microplastics (< 1mm) were observed in all study sites with an average abundance (± SD) of 45.65 (± 45.59) items/kg dry sediment. Plastic fragments were the most abundant type of microplastics account for 68.5% of total microplastics found. Besides, statistical analysis demonstrated that there was a positive correlation between microplastics abundance and developed area. The result was consistent with studies in other countries that microplastics concentration is positively correlated with urban development. In contrast, dwellings density was negatively correlated with microplastics concentration while a positive correlation between population density and microplastics abundance was reported (Yonkos et al. 2014). Although there were limitations need to be improved, the results of this study still demonstrated that microplastics were transported to urban wetlands via stormwater runoff. The results can provide preliminary information to authority and researchers for better understanding and management of microplastics contamination within urban area.
Subjects/Keywords: wetland; land use; microplastics
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Lu, H. (2016). Influence of urban land use on the accumulation of microplastics in urban water bodies. (Masters Thesis). University of Melbourne. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11343/119550
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lu, Hsuan-Cheng. “Influence of urban land use on the accumulation of microplastics in urban water bodies.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of Melbourne. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11343/119550.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lu, Hsuan-Cheng. “Influence of urban land use on the accumulation of microplastics in urban water bodies.” 2016. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Lu H. Influence of urban land use on the accumulation of microplastics in urban water bodies. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Melbourne; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/119550.
Council of Science Editors:
Lu H. Influence of urban land use on the accumulation of microplastics in urban water bodies. [Masters Thesis]. University of Melbourne; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/119550
Brno University of Technology
5.
Dvořáková, Alena.
Mikroplasty v půdě: Microplastics in soil.
Degree: 2020, Brno University of Technology
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/194852
► This bachelor thesis deals with the appraisal of the suitability of infrared spectroscopy for the identification of plastics and microplastics in soils. Available techniques were…
(more)
▼ This bachelor thesis deals with the appraisal of the suitability of infrared spectroscopy for the identification of plastics and
microplastics in soils. Available techniques were DRIFT (diffuse reflectance) and ATR (attenuated total reflectance). Mixtures of model soil and pure PET were prepared for analysis in various concentrations. Furthermore, a total of 21 samples of soil and 3 samples of compost were evaluated. The obtained data were used for interpretation of infrared spectra, creation of calibrations of PET using ATR and DRIFT methods. Part of the work was the evaluation of validation models using spectra and basic soil parameters.
Advisors/Committee Members: Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor), Kučerík, Jiří (referee).
Subjects/Keywords: mikroplasty; půdy; FTIR; microplastics; soils; FTIR
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APA (6th Edition):
Dvořáková, A. (2020). Mikroplasty v půdě: Microplastics in soil. (Thesis). Brno University of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11012/194852
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Dvořáková, Alena. “Mikroplasty v půdě: Microplastics in soil.” 2020. Thesis, Brno University of Technology. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11012/194852.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Dvořáková, Alena. “Mikroplasty v půdě: Microplastics in soil.” 2020. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Dvořáková A. Mikroplasty v půdě: Microplastics in soil. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/194852.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Dvořáková A. Mikroplasty v půdě: Microplastics in soil. [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/194852
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Royal Roads University
6.
Smith, Marika.
Do microplastic residuals in municipal compost bioaccumulate in plant tissue?
.
Degree: 2018, Royal Roads University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10613/5453
► Conventional and biodegradable polymers present in residential and commercial organic waste have a propensity to fragment during the composting process. This research explores whether microplastic…
(more)
▼ Conventional and biodegradable polymers present in residential and commercial organic waste have a propensity to fragment during the composting process. This research explores whether microplastic residuals present in industrially produced compost bioaccumulate in plant tissue grown in this medium. The experimental design was modeled on methodologies used in aquatic research of microplastics in bivalves to determine whether these marine research methodologies can be adapted for terrestrial applications. Of the 30 plant tissue samples grown in the industrially produced compost, the presence of suspected microplastics was observed in 57% of the samples through histological staining. Additional phytotoxicity testing and heavy metal analysis of the compost samples showed no evidence of ecotoxicity in the industrial compost. Further observation of the plant tissue and compost samples through infrared spectrometry needs to be conducted to identify the observed foreign bodies in the plant tissue as microplastics of non-organic polymer origin.
Subjects/Keywords: Bioaccumulate;
Biodegradable;
Compostable;
Microplastics;
Phytoxicity;
Soil
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APA (6th Edition):
Smith, M. (2018). Do microplastic residuals in municipal compost bioaccumulate in plant tissue?
. (Thesis). Royal Roads University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10613/5453
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Smith, Marika. “Do microplastic residuals in municipal compost bioaccumulate in plant tissue?
.” 2018. Thesis, Royal Roads University. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10613/5453.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Smith, Marika. “Do microplastic residuals in municipal compost bioaccumulate in plant tissue?
.” 2018. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Smith M. Do microplastic residuals in municipal compost bioaccumulate in plant tissue?
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Royal Roads University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10613/5453.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Smith M. Do microplastic residuals in municipal compost bioaccumulate in plant tissue?
. [Thesis]. Royal Roads University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10613/5453
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
7.
Raimundo, Gabriela.
Numerical modelling of microplastics transport and accumulation throughout Portuguese coast
.
Degree: 2019, Universidade de Aveiro
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10773/29445
► Microplastic (MP) accumulation and dispersal is a growing problem at a global marine scale. The accumulation of MPs in aquatic systems is increasing due to…
(more)
▼ Microplastic (MP) accumulation and dispersal is a growing problem at a global marine scale. The accumulation of MPs in aquatic systems is increasing due to their high perseverance and inadequate management, affecting all marine environments and adversely impacting ecosystem services and even human health. The study of these contaminants, namely their concentration and spatial distribution, as well as their physical characteristics, is fundamental to mitigate and reduce the associated risks. Due to the high population density on the Portuguese coast, this area is a zone of high contamination by MPs, being the rivers their main transport mode to coastal waters. In order to understand the distributions of MPs and the way they evolve in space and time, is essential to develop studies in this area. Thus, the purpose of this study is to simulate the transport and accumulation of MPs along the Portuguese coast and adjacent waters. The methodology followed comprised the development and implementation of a three-dimensional model using the Delft3D suite, coupling the Flow and particle-tracking (D-WAQ PART) models. Three scenarios were created: scenario 1 aims to comprehend the trajectory of the MPs of different diameters and types; scenario 2 was developed to understand the distribution and accumulation zones of MPs released per river; and scenario 3 aims to assess the effect of wind on the MPs fate. The simulations show that all MPs move to north in winter and tend to stay close to the release point in summer, following the local hydrodynamics. The higher density and larger MPs tend to sink more than those of lower density and smaller dimension, which in turn tend to travel longer distances. The effect of wind on the distribution of MPs, regardless of direction and season, favors the sinking of particles and dispersion off the platform. The main factors that influence the distribution and accumulation of MPs in the study area are the local hydrodynamic and geomorphology, followed by the diameter of the MPs. This study contributes to improve the understanding about the fate and transport of MPs along the Portuguese coast and to detect critical accumulation zones.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dias, João Miguel Sequeira Silva (advisor), Sousa, Magda Catarina Ferreira de (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Numerical modeling;
Microplastics;
Particles;
Portuguese coast;
Delft3D
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APA (6th Edition):
Raimundo, G. (2019). Numerical modelling of microplastics transport and accumulation throughout Portuguese coast
. (Thesis). Universidade de Aveiro. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10773/29445
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Raimundo, Gabriela. “Numerical modelling of microplastics transport and accumulation throughout Portuguese coast
.” 2019. Thesis, Universidade de Aveiro. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10773/29445.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Raimundo, Gabriela. “Numerical modelling of microplastics transport and accumulation throughout Portuguese coast
.” 2019. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Raimundo G. Numerical modelling of microplastics transport and accumulation throughout Portuguese coast
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade de Aveiro; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10773/29445.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Raimundo G. Numerical modelling of microplastics transport and accumulation throughout Portuguese coast
. [Thesis]. Universidade de Aveiro; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10773/29445
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
8.
Nguyen, Hiep.
Washing machine microplastics.
Degree: 2019, Theseus
URL: http://www.theseus.fi/handle/10024/169769
► Microplastic are pieces of plastic which are smaller than 5 mm. They are toxic for the environment due to their disruptive ability of the intestines,…
(more)
▼ Microplastic are pieces of plastic which are smaller than 5 mm. They are toxic for the environment due to their disruptive ability of the intestines, grills, reproductive system, metabolism and animal growth.
The aim of this thesis is to gain insight on microplastic problem from the textile washing machine aspect and analysis methods to finally introduce treatment. In this work, literature review of books, journal article and publications are done with work extension of hypothetical works.
Garment fragments are also microplastic since most of garment product are plastic originated. The most considerable categories of garment material are Polyester, Nylon, Polypropylene, Acrylic and Spandex. On average of 6kg wash, 700 000 fibres could be released per wash. Samples can be collected by filtering (in the outflow water) or sampling large amount of discharged water to filter with special filter paper for further analysis. The paper then is dried and analysed by electronically scanning, weighting, counting or FTIR measurements. During the measurement process, there are numerous factors contributing to errors which could be minimized with careful preparation.
Removing microplastic and its additives can be done by collecting microfiber pieces during wash, filter them or treating them in the discharged water before entering the environment. Further research is required to encounter microplastic before they accumulate and become a significant issue for human.
Subjects/Keywords: mikromuovit; microplastics; toxics; measurement; washing machines
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APA (6th Edition):
Nguyen, H. (2019). Washing machine microplastics. (Thesis). Theseus. Retrieved from http://www.theseus.fi/handle/10024/169769
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nguyen, Hiep. “Washing machine microplastics.” 2019. Thesis, Theseus. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://www.theseus.fi/handle/10024/169769.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nguyen, Hiep. “Washing machine microplastics.” 2019. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Nguyen H. Washing machine microplastics. [Internet] [Thesis]. Theseus; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://www.theseus.fi/handle/10024/169769.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Nguyen H. Washing machine microplastics. [Thesis]. Theseus; 2019. Available from: http://www.theseus.fi/handle/10024/169769
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Exeter
9.
Coppock, R.
Microplastics in the marine environment : from top to bottom.
Degree: PhD, 2020, University of Exeter
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10871/121432
► The first reports of small plastic debris floating at the ocean surface were recorded in the 1970s, but it is only in the last decade…
(more)
▼ The first reports of small plastic debris floating at the ocean surface were recorded in the 1970s, but it is only in the last decade that scientific and media attention has soared. Microplastics (plastic 1 μm – 5 mm) have since been acknowledged as a global marine contaminant, raising concerns about the interactions between anthropogenic debris and natural biological processes. In this thesis, I explore the hypothesis that microplastics can be transported via biotic-driven mechanisms through the water column and into coastal sediments, leading to adverse impacts on the health and functioning of marine fauna and ecosystems. In Chapter 2, I demonstrate that a key pelagic species, the copepod Calanus helgolandicus, alter their prey selection dependent upon the size or shape of the plastic in their ambient surroundings, with the capacity to reduce feeding. I also establish that C. helgolandicus faecal pellets sink slower when contaminated with low density polyethylene (PE), whereas sinking rates increase when contaminated with high density polyethylene terephthalate (PET), highlighting potential impacts to marine nutrient flux. In Chapter 3, I develop a method utilising the differential density of sediment and plastic to isolate and recover microplastics from sediments; I apply this method in Chapter 4, and latterly discuss harmonisation of microplastic estimates between studies and its use across the wider international field (Chapter 5). In Chapter 4, I employ a multi-faceted study to explore the role that benthic fauna play in the uptake of microplastics by the seabed. My environmental data demonstrate that microplastics are being permanently buried in coastal sediments, and that this process is ubiquitous across sampled sites and seasons. I further identify that benthic faunal functional groups that move sediment vertically (“conveyors”) and randomly (“biodiffusers”) influence sediment plastic loading differently, affecting ultimate burial and deep sediment loading. Furthermore, experimental data indicate that a key benthic species, the brittlestar Amphiura filiformis, buries nylon fibres along its burrow structure and that burial activity deep in the burrow is impaired when plastic is consumed. Collectively, my research contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms governing microplastic transport through the water column and into the sediment matrix, highlights risks posed to marine fauna and ecosystems and provides evidence that coastal sediments are final sinks for microplastics.
Subjects/Keywords: Microplastics; benthic-pelagic coupling; benthos; burial; marine pollution; zooplankton; biological pump
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APA (6th Edition):
Coppock, R. (2020). Microplastics in the marine environment : from top to bottom. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Exeter. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10871/121432
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Coppock, R. “Microplastics in the marine environment : from top to bottom.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Exeter. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10871/121432.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Coppock, R. “Microplastics in the marine environment : from top to bottom.” 2020. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Coppock R. Microplastics in the marine environment : from top to bottom. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Exeter; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10871/121432.
Council of Science Editors:
Coppock R. Microplastics in the marine environment : from top to bottom. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Exeter; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10871/121432
University of Washington
10.
Harlacher, Jenna Mae.
Whale, what do we have here? Evidence of microplastics in top predators: analysis of two populations of Resident killer whale fecal samples.
Degree: 2020, University of Washington
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/46085
► Environmental microplastics (plastic particles less than 5 mm in size) are a growing ecological issue and are widely documented in marine life. The consequences of…
(more)
▼ Environmental
microplastics (plastic particles less than 5 mm in size) are a growing ecological issue and are widely documented in marine life. The consequences of microplastic ingestion in top predators are poorly understood but may include physiological and toxicological effects, and the potential for bioaccumulation in apex predators has been suggested. Here, I investigate the presence of
microplastics in two populations of North Pacific Resident killer whales and determine if there is a significant difference in the number of
microplastics between the populations. This study examined 33 feces samples, 18 from the Southern Resident population, and 15 from the Alaskan Resident population. We implemented multiple contamination-control measures to reduce sample contamination from synthetic clothing and plastic equipment.
Microplastics were found in every fecal sample except one, with an average and standard deviation of 82.5 (173) per sample. I observed no significant difference in the number of
microplastics between the two populations (p-value = 0.799). Preliminary Raman microspectroscopy revealed three plastic polymer types that included polyethylene, nylon, and polyamide. Verified
microplastics were found in fecal samples from both populations of resident killer whales, validating the occurrence of microplastic pollution in upper-trophic marine predators. This study is another example of the pervasiveness of microparticles in the marine environment, and the need for a better understanding of the potential effects on apex predators.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kelly, Ryan (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: microplastics; resident killer whale; top predators; Natural resource management; Marine affairs
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APA (6th Edition):
Harlacher, J. M. (2020). Whale, what do we have here? Evidence of microplastics in top predators: analysis of two populations of Resident killer whale fecal samples. (Thesis). University of Washington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1773/46085
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Harlacher, Jenna Mae. “Whale, what do we have here? Evidence of microplastics in top predators: analysis of two populations of Resident killer whale fecal samples.” 2020. Thesis, University of Washington. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1773/46085.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Harlacher, Jenna Mae. “Whale, what do we have here? Evidence of microplastics in top predators: analysis of two populations of Resident killer whale fecal samples.” 2020. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Harlacher JM. Whale, what do we have here? Evidence of microplastics in top predators: analysis of two populations of Resident killer whale fecal samples. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Washington; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/46085.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Harlacher JM. Whale, what do we have here? Evidence of microplastics in top predators: analysis of two populations of Resident killer whale fecal samples. [Thesis]. University of Washington; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/46085
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Royal Roads University
11.
Forsythe, Colin.
The quantification of microplastics in intertidal sediments in the Bay of Fundy, Canada
.
Degree: 2017, Royal Roads University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10613/4974
► The Bay of Fundy in Atlantic Canada is noted for the world’s highest tides, heights of which reach 15 meters (Percy, 1996; Thurston, 2011). We…
(more)
▼ The Bay of Fundy in Atlantic Canada is noted for the world’s highest tides, heights of which reach 15 meters (Percy, 1996; Thurston, 2011). We characterized microplastic concentrations and distribution in this region. Sediment samples were collected from 15 intertidal sites along New Brunswick’s southwestern coast. Sites were selected based on variations in tidal range (7m to 15m), exposure to prevailing winds, and proximity to urban centres. Microplastics were widespread and detected in all samples. Microplastics averaged 268 pieces per sample of 1kg (+/- SD) and total microplastic composition consisted of fibers (89%), fragments (8%) and microbeads (2%). ANOVA results indicated a significant difference between concentrations at sheltered vs. exposed sites and no significant difference between quantities at high or low tide delineations or across tidal ranges. While a larger sample size would strengthen the ability to explore factors influencing microplastics in the Bay of Fundy, the widespread detection of microplastics in our study indicate that there are no sites in the Bay of Fundy that are immune to this growing marine pollution problem.
Subjects/Keywords: Atlantic;
Bay of Fundy;
Intertidal;
Microplastics;
New Brunswick;
sediments
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APA (6th Edition):
Forsythe, C. (2017). The quantification of microplastics in intertidal sediments in the Bay of Fundy, Canada
. (Thesis). Royal Roads University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10613/4974
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Forsythe, Colin. “The quantification of microplastics in intertidal sediments in the Bay of Fundy, Canada
.” 2017. Thesis, Royal Roads University. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10613/4974.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Forsythe, Colin. “The quantification of microplastics in intertidal sediments in the Bay of Fundy, Canada
.” 2017. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Forsythe C. The quantification of microplastics in intertidal sediments in the Bay of Fundy, Canada
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Royal Roads University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10613/4974.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Forsythe C. The quantification of microplastics in intertidal sediments in the Bay of Fundy, Canada
. [Thesis]. Royal Roads University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10613/4974
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
12.
Martin, Katherine Marie.
Quantifying and characterizing the Mississippi River's contribution of microplastic debris to the Gulf of Mexico
.
Degree: 2018, Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.6/87095
► Plastics presence in the ocean is becoming increasingly ubiquitous which is widely recognized by the public, scientific communities, and government agencies. However, only in the…
(more)
▼ Plastics presence in the ocean is becoming increasingly ubiquitous which is widely recognized by the public, scientific communities, and government agencies. However, only in the past decade have plastics, specifically
microplastics (MP) (<5 mm), in freshwater systems been quantified. MP sampling on surface waters usually consists of deploying drift nets behind or alongside a stationary or moving boat, restricting sampling to environments with low levels of suspended sediments and floating or submerged debris. This also limits quantification of MPs to particles >300 µm, as drift nets are limited in their pore size, allowing plastic debris (particulates and fibers) below this size to pass through the net and elude quantification.
This project quantified and characterized MPs at 9 sites along the Mississippi River and its tributaries to assess their loading to the Gulf of Mexico by 1) creating a new method for sampling large rivers with high suspended sediment concentrations and large floating and submerged debris, 2) capturing and quantifying MP particulates and fibers <300 µm and 3) using micro-attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (µ-FTIR) to determine material type.
A total of 7,600 suspect MPs were quantified from 24 samples and after µ-FTIR confirmation and blank correction, an average of ~11.6 ± 3.8 MP/L were found. Based on the average discharge of the Mississippi River into the Gulf of Mexico, ~4.6-5.4 quadrillion MPs and ~26.2-27.4 semi-synthetic MPs potentially enter the Gulf of Mexico annually. Once in the environment MPs and the harmful chemicals are consumed by organisms, potentially reaching humans by consumption of contaminated seafood. This project establishes a baseline to aid future fate and effects research as well as assist federal, state, and local policymakers in creating and assessing mitigation strategies to improve water quality.
Advisors/Committee Members: Conkle, Jeremy (advisor), Turner, Jeffery (committeeMember), Mclaughlin, Richard (committeeMember).
Subjects/Keywords: Freshwater sampling;
marine debris;
Microfibers;
river sampling;
Microplastics
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Martin, K. M. (2018). Quantifying and characterizing the Mississippi River's contribution of microplastic debris to the Gulf of Mexico
. (Thesis). Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.6/87095
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Martin, Katherine Marie. “Quantifying and characterizing the Mississippi River's contribution of microplastic debris to the Gulf of Mexico
.” 2018. Thesis, Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.6/87095.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Martin, Katherine Marie. “Quantifying and characterizing the Mississippi River's contribution of microplastic debris to the Gulf of Mexico
.” 2018. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Martin KM. Quantifying and characterizing the Mississippi River's contribution of microplastic debris to the Gulf of Mexico
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.6/87095.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Martin KM. Quantifying and characterizing the Mississippi River's contribution of microplastic debris to the Gulf of Mexico
. [Thesis]. Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.6/87095
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
13.
Jacinto, Jéssica Beatriz Anastácio.
Zalerion maritimum and Nia vibrissa potential for expanded polystyrene (EPS) biodegradation
.
Degree: 2018, Universidade de Aveiro
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10773/25624
► Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is among the most demanded plastic commodities due to its attractive properties of lightness and durability. Such desirable characteristics present, however, an…
(more)
▼ Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is among the most demanded plastic commodities due to its attractive properties of lightness and durability. Such desirable characteristics present, however, an environmental threat, as it is easily transported until it reaches the ocean, where it is likely to be fragmented into
microplastics. Despite the efforts for EPS waste management, sustainable and efficient solutions are needed. Biotechnology-based solutions have been investigated for their potential. Herein, Zalerion maritimum and Nia vibrissa were screened for their potential in the biodegradation of EPS, based on the quantified mass differences in both the fungus and the microplastic pellets. In a preliminary evaluation, the highest removal percentage obtained by Z. maritimum, in 28 days, was 66% and the lowest was 25%. In a second assay, the removal percentages were lower. An optimization assay, using Central composite design (CCD), was conducted to obtain optimum values for EPS concentration, pellet dimension and malt extract concentration. These were, respectively, 0.1458 g/L, 1-1.40mm and 20 g/L. Although Z. maritimum showed ability to degrade EPS, the process appeared to be variable and required high amounts of malt extract. Therefore, N. vibrissa was screened for its potential also. In a preliminary assay, N. vibrissa achieved higher microplastic removal percentages. Consequently, a biodegradation assay in optimized medium was conducted. However, the best removal percentage obtained was of 47±16%.
Advisors/Committee Members: Santos, Teresa Alexandra Peixoto da Rocha (advisor), Costa, João Pinto da (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Expanded polystyrene (EPS);
Zalerion maritimum;
Nia vibrissa;
Biodegradation;
Microplastics
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Jacinto, J. B. A. (2018). Zalerion maritimum and Nia vibrissa potential for expanded polystyrene (EPS) biodegradation
. (Thesis). Universidade de Aveiro. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10773/25624
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Jacinto, Jéssica Beatriz Anastácio. “Zalerion maritimum and Nia vibrissa potential for expanded polystyrene (EPS) biodegradation
.” 2018. Thesis, Universidade de Aveiro. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10773/25624.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Jacinto, Jéssica Beatriz Anastácio. “Zalerion maritimum and Nia vibrissa potential for expanded polystyrene (EPS) biodegradation
.” 2018. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Jacinto JBA. Zalerion maritimum and Nia vibrissa potential for expanded polystyrene (EPS) biodegradation
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade de Aveiro; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10773/25624.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Jacinto JBA. Zalerion maritimum and Nia vibrissa potential for expanded polystyrene (EPS) biodegradation
. [Thesis]. Universidade de Aveiro; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10773/25624
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Exeter
14.
Wright, Stephanie.
The potential for microplastics to cause harm in the marine environment.
Degree: PhD, 2015, University of Exeter
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18868
► Plastic debris is an emerging environmental issue, with >10 million tons of plastics debris per annum entering the sea. Exposure to marine conditions facilitates the…
(more)
▼ Plastic debris is an emerging environmental issue, with >10 million tons of plastics debris per annum entering the sea. Exposure to marine conditions facilitates the exponential fragmentation of plastic to micro-sized particles (microplastics). Marine and coastal sediments are a sink for microplastic pollution. Consequently, the ingestion of microplastics by a range of benthic marine invertebrates, including polychaete worms, has been reported in situ. Microplastics are vectors for priority pollutants capable of eliciting adverse health effects. However, the particle and chemical toxicity which microplastics could incur to ecologically-important marine invertebrates is unknown. This thesis aims to determine the potential for microplastics to cause harm in the marine environment, with a focus on benthic polychaete worms. Specifically, it assesses the potential particle toxicity which could arise from chemical-free microplastics; and the potential chemical toxicity which could arise from leached endogenous chemical additives or sorbed chemical pollutants. To address these, an integrative approach was employed, primarily using laboratory-based whole-sediment in vivo exposures, established cellular and whole-tissue toxicity assays, and analytical chemistry. For the first time, this thesis reports that chemical-free microplastics cause particle toxicity in the lugworm Arenicola marina. Feeding activity was reduced during exposure to 5% microscopic unplasticised polyvinylchloride (UPVC) by sediment weight, whilst exposure to ≥1% UPVC by sediment weight significantly reduced energy reserves relative to control animals. Evidence for the transfer and toxicity of endogenous additives from PVC to lugworms is provided. Lugworms exposed to 1% PVC by sediment weight exhibited a 70% increase in additive concentration, coinciding with inhibited mucus production and enhanced lipid reserves and oxygen consumption, compared to control lugworms. Ragworms (Hediste diversicolor) exposed to leached toxicants from bioplastic cigarette debris were found to exhibit significantly longer burrowing times, >30% weight loss, and >2-fold increase in DNA damage compared to control ragworms. Bio-concentration factors for nicotine – the biomarker of exposure - were 500 fold higher from leachates in seawater than from microfibres in sediment. Overall, this thesis provides evidence to suggest that the incorporation of microplastics into marine sediments can significantly impact the health of marine polychaete worms due to both particle and chemical effects. This emphasises the need to reconsider the classification of plastic as non-hazardous and questions whether we as humans are also at risk.
Subjects/Keywords: 500; Plastic; microplastics; polychaete worms; marine pollution; additives; ecotoxicology
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APA (6th Edition):
Wright, S. (2015). The potential for microplastics to cause harm in the marine environment. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Exeter. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18868
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wright, Stephanie. “The potential for microplastics to cause harm in the marine environment.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Exeter. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18868.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wright, Stephanie. “The potential for microplastics to cause harm in the marine environment.” 2015. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Wright S. The potential for microplastics to cause harm in the marine environment. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Exeter; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18868.
Council of Science Editors:
Wright S. The potential for microplastics to cause harm in the marine environment. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Exeter; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18868
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
15.
Ng, Pui Lam LIFS.
Effects of microplastics on the growth and behaviors of larval sea urchins heliocidaris crassispina.
Degree: 2019, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
URL: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-98262
;
https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-991012696868203412
;
http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-98262/1/th_redirect.html
► The increasing abundance and prevalence of microplastics have drawn attention to their potential impacts on marine ecosystems. Field surveys have revealed that microplastics in nature…
(more)
▼ The increasing abundance and prevalence of microplastics have drawn attention to their potential impacts on marine ecosystems. Field surveys have revealed that microplastics in nature are far from a homogenous mixture of beads, instead, there is a diverse range of physical (size, shape) and chemical characteristics. While there is a growing number of laboratory experiments on the biological impacts of microplastics, these studies often used microplastics of a single polymer type, with a narrow size range, and/or of homogenous shape, i.e., lacking environmental relevance. To fill in this knowledge gap, we compared the effects of commercial polystyrene microbeads with those of microbeads extracted from toothpaste on the growth and development of larval sea urchins, a tractable study system of ecological and commercial importance. Larval urchins were robust and survived under microplastics exposure, even at high concentrations. Larvae fed only with commercial polystyrene microbeads grew relatively longer arms, a known plasticity response to starvation, earlier than those fed only with toothpaste beads. Such observation cautions against overgeneralizing observations based on a single bead type. We further investigated the ability of larval urchins to differentiate between algae and microplastics. Preferential ingestion of algae over polystyrene microbeads was compromised after prolonged exposure to microplastics, even at a low concentration. Investigating the feeding processes in details, the roles of exposure to microplastics and short-term starvation on the food handling of larval sea urchins were also examined. Increased fasting duration promoted food capture and ingestion while exposure to microplastics retarded digestion, assimilation and egestion. Such observations highlight the dynamic nature of larval feeding with behaviors changing within hours of exposure to a new environment. Overall, microplastics negatively impact marine invertebrate larvae through behavioral changes, and such adverse impact is likely to worsen with rising concentrations in the environment.
Subjects/Keywords: Microplastics
; Environmental aspects
; Sea urchins
; Ecology
; Growth
; Behavior
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Export
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APA (6th Edition):
Ng, P. L. L. (2019). Effects of microplastics on the growth and behaviors of larval sea urchins heliocidaris crassispina. (Thesis). Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-98262 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-991012696868203412 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-98262/1/th_redirect.html
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ng, Pui Lam LIFS. “Effects of microplastics on the growth and behaviors of larval sea urchins heliocidaris crassispina.” 2019. Thesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-98262 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-991012696868203412 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-98262/1/th_redirect.html.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ng, Pui Lam LIFS. “Effects of microplastics on the growth and behaviors of larval sea urchins heliocidaris crassispina.” 2019. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Ng PLL. Effects of microplastics on the growth and behaviors of larval sea urchins heliocidaris crassispina. [Internet] [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-98262 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-991012696868203412 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-98262/1/th_redirect.html.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Ng PLL. Effects of microplastics on the growth and behaviors of larval sea urchins heliocidaris crassispina. [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 2019. Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-98262 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-991012696868203412 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-98262/1/th_redirect.html
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet
16.
Ašmonaitė, Giedrė.
Microplastics in the aquatic environment: Insights into biological fate and effects in fish.
Degree: 2019, University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/59379
► According to the United Nations, plastic pollution in the natural environment has been identified as one of the biggest environmental challenges of this century and…
(more)
▼ According to the United Nations, plastic pollution in the natural environment has been identified as one of the biggest environmental challenges of this century and has become a cause for an emerging international concern. It has been predicted that up to 12 million tons of plastic waste reach the aquatic environment annually. Therein, UV-radiation induced photo-oxidation, mechanical weathering and biological degradation contribute to the fragmentation of plastic litter to the micro- or even nanoscale. Microplastics (MPs) thus have become prominent pollutants in the aquatic environment, and their prevalence has been documented in every aquatic ecosystem studied. MPs enter aquatic food webs, also reaching humans, the top consumers in the food chain.
The omnipresence of small microscopic plastic particles in the aquatic environment presents several ecotoxicological concerns. Firstly, MP fragments can interact with aquatic organisms and act as physical or mechanical stressors. Secondly, MPs can be toxic, as some polymers consist of potentially hazardous monomers. Synthetic, petroleum-derived polymers can also contain functional additives, impurities or chemical residuals, which are not chemically bound to the polymeric material and thus have the potential to leach out and cause diverse toxicological effects. Lastly, plastic polymers are known to absorb persistent hydrophobic organic pollutants from the environment. MPs have been suggested to act as vectors of environmental contaminants into organisms, promote bioaccumulation of toxic compounds, and cause biological effects in aquatic biota. It remains widely debated whether MPs are important vectors of chemicals for aquatic animals, including fish, and whether MP ingestion by edible fish species can impact human food quality and safety. This PhD project addressed some of these prevailing concerns, and investigated biological fate and impacts of MPs and associated chemicals in fish.
It has been shown that exposure route can play an important role in particle-organism interactions and can determine the organismal uptake and localization of plastic particles in fish [Paper I]. Plastic nanoparticles interact with aquatic organisms: they can enter fish via contaminated prey (trophic transfer) and they can be directly ingested and/or adhere to organismal surfaces. Ingested nanoplastics can accumulate in the gastrointestinal tract and can then be internalized by the intestinal cells. Plastic ingestion is regarded as an environmentally relevant particle pathway in fish, and it facilitates their entrance into aquatic food chains.
Studies included in this thesis also explored biological effects derived from the ingestion of larger, micro-sized plastic particles, at sizes commonly extracted from biological and environmental matrices, and which entail environmentally relevant chemical exposures [Papers II-III]. Direct impacts resulting from MP ingestion were found to be negligible, as no adverse effects were observed on fish intestinal physiology. Indirect, chemical exposure…
Subjects/Keywords: microplastics; nanoplastics; plastic pollution; effects; fish; chemical mixtures; ecotoxicology
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APA (6th Edition):
Ašmonaitė, G. (2019). Microplastics in the aquatic environment: Insights into biological fate and effects in fish. (Thesis). University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2077/59379
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ašmonaitė, Giedrė. “Microplastics in the aquatic environment: Insights into biological fate and effects in fish.” 2019. Thesis, University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2077/59379.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ašmonaitė, Giedrė. “Microplastics in the aquatic environment: Insights into biological fate and effects in fish.” 2019. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Ašmonaitė G. Microplastics in the aquatic environment: Insights into biological fate and effects in fish. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/59379.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Ašmonaitė G. Microplastics in the aquatic environment: Insights into biological fate and effects in fish. [Thesis]. University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/59379
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
17.
Karlsson, Therese M.
Sources and fate of plastic particles in northern European coastal waters.
Degree: 2019, University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/61778
► Plastics are integral parts of our lives and have allowed for important technological leaps within society. However, an unwanted consequence of our current consumption of…
(more)
▼ Plastics are integral parts of our lives and have allowed for important technological leaps within society. However, an unwanted consequence of our current consumption of plas-tics is marine plastic pollution and in order to reduce its impact we need to understand its sources and fate patterns. It is a threefold challenge as it requires suitable methodology, as well as in-depth studies of sources and the various processes that affect the fate of plas-tics. Based on comprehensive tests and evaluations, this thesis provides recommendations on suitable methodologies for sampling, extraction and identification. To further improve the understanding of the fate of plastics in the ocean, in-situ experiments related to oxida-tion and biofouling were performed. Moreover, the distributions of plastic pellets were mapped in a case study area, through field studies and calculations, to understand the spread from local point sources. The results show that floating plastics are prone to beaching and it is concluded that although plastics can be subject to long-range transport, the majority of the pollutants will be found close to the point of release. The studies also show that most floating plastics will eventually sink, due to biofouling and degradation. To provide information on diffuse sources, the evaluated methods were then applied to analyze surface waters, sediment, biota and beach materials. Most microplastics (53-100%) found in the different surveys were identified as fragments of polyethylene, poly-propylene and expanded polystyrene. Since most of the microplastics therefore stem from macroplastics, any attempt to address microplastic pollution needs to have a strong focus on macroplastics. Additionally, pellets and fluff were often encountered and specific point sources related to the production of plastics were examined in an interdisciplinary case study. The study showed continuous spills of plastic pellets associated with production, transportation and storage. The study furthermore illustrated that although there is a legal framework in place, it is not being adequately enforced, which has resulted in limited re-sponsibility and accountability for the involved actors. The studies related to fate process-es illustrate why attempts to decrease plastic pollution need to be focused as close to the source as possible, since that is where prevention and mitigation measures will be most efficient. Furthermore, the results from the field studies are crucial to consider for solu-tion-oriented initiatives. They provide important insights regarding sources and fate of plastic particles, showing that in order to decrease microplastic pollution the main focus needs to be on larger plastics and how we use them. This means working actively to de-crease waste streams through a lower level of consumption, while simultaneously improv-ing waste management strategies to prevent leakage. The increasing interest from multiple stakeholders in academia, amongst policy makers and in the civil society also emphasizes the need for empirical…
Subjects/Keywords: plastic pollution; microplastics; method development; polyethylene; FTIR spectroscopy
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APA (6th Edition):
Karlsson, T. M. (2019). Sources and fate of plastic particles in northern European coastal waters. (Thesis). University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2077/61778
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Karlsson, Therese M. “Sources and fate of plastic particles in northern European coastal waters.” 2019. Thesis, University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2077/61778.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Karlsson, Therese M. “Sources and fate of plastic particles in northern European coastal waters.” 2019. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Karlsson TM. Sources and fate of plastic particles in northern European coastal waters. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/61778.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Karlsson TM. Sources and fate of plastic particles in northern European coastal waters. [Thesis]. University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/61778
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
18.
Bottone, Anna.
Analyzing microplastics in soils : Evaluating canola oil extractions.
Degree: Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2019, Umeå University
URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-165179
► Small fragments of artificial polymers (microplastics, MPs) has been reported for multiple environmental matrices from our planet. The omnipresent existence of these microplastics even…
(more)
▼ Small fragments of artificial polymers (microplastics, MPs) has been reported for multiple environmental matrices from our planet. The omnipresent existence of these microplastics even in remote polar areas have raised concern about their potential environmental impacts and created a need for effective and standardized analytical methods targeting their detection in environmental samples. So far, no methods have been developed for detecting microplastics in organic-rich soils. In this master thesis, I evaluate two analytical methods (both based on canola oil extractions) targeting microplastics in two contrasting soil matrices; one mineral rich (sandy mineral soil from a Podzol) and the other by organic matter (sample from a Histosol). I hypothesize that the detection of microplastic has a bias that depends on specific plastic particle properties (size, polymer type and morphology) as well as on the organic content of soil samples. My results show that the recovery of added plastics is strongly dependent on particle size and diminishes with decreasing microplastics length. This result was repeated by both extraction approaches. Polymer shape and soil characteristics (organic matter content) affect MPs recovery if oil extractions are conducted without pre-treatment (oxidation) step. Here, fibers proved most difficult to detect and low recoveries suggested that the method was not applicable to organic rich samples. The addition of a pretreatment step including oxidation with sodium hypochlorite improved recoveries for organic rich samples and removed the effect of soil type and polymer shape. Hence, the use of a pretreatment is essential to extract MPs from organic-rich soils, but it also decreases the overall recovery for all type of studied polymers and mostly fibers. My study suggests that there is a substantial bias when detecting MPs in soils that is causing a general underestimation, especially for small, fibrous particles in organic rich soils.
Subjects/Keywords: Microplastics; extraction recovery; OEP method; organic-rich soils; Environmental Sciences; Miljövetenskap
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APA (6th Edition):
Bottone, A. (2019). Analyzing microplastics in soils : Evaluating canola oil extractions. (Thesis). Umeå University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-165179
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bottone, Anna. “Analyzing microplastics in soils : Evaluating canola oil extractions.” 2019. Thesis, Umeå University. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-165179.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bottone, Anna. “Analyzing microplastics in soils : Evaluating canola oil extractions.” 2019. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Bottone A. Analyzing microplastics in soils : Evaluating canola oil extractions. [Internet] [Thesis]. Umeå University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-165179.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Bottone A. Analyzing microplastics in soils : Evaluating canola oil extractions. [Thesis]. Umeå University; 2019. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-165179
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
19.
Ballent, Anika M.
Anthropogenic particles in natural sediment sinks: Microplastics accumulation in tributary, beach and lake bottom sediments of Lake Ontario, North America.
Degree: 2016, University of Western Ontario
URL: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/3941
► Surface waters of the Great Lakes are known to be contaminated with microplastics, however, microplastics in the sediments of the region are poorly documented. This…
(more)
▼ Surface waters of the Great Lakes are known to be contaminated with microplastics, however, microplastics in the sediments of the region are poorly documented. This study provides a baseline of micro- and macro-plastics contamination in nearshore, tributary and beach sediments of Lake Ontario and the upper St. Lawrence River. Microplastics were quantified and characterized by morphology and composition using visual identification and Raman spectroscopy. Microplastics are most concentrated in nearshore sediments in the vicinity of urban and industrial regions. Concentrations in Humber Bay and Toronto Harbour consistently measured > 500 particles per kg dry sediment, and maximum concentrations of ~28,000 particles per kg dry sediment were quantified at Etobicoke Creek. Sourced from consumer and industrial activity, abundant plastics in Lake Ontario coastal environments are unnatural persistent contaminants warranting urgent action for the protection of benthic fauna and ecosystem health.
Subjects/Keywords: plastics; microplastics; Lake Ontario; sediments; riparian; Toronto; Environmental Monitoring
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APA (6th Edition):
Ballent, A. M. (2016). Anthropogenic particles in natural sediment sinks: Microplastics accumulation in tributary, beach and lake bottom sediments of Lake Ontario, North America. (Thesis). University of Western Ontario. Retrieved from https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/3941
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ballent, Anika M. “Anthropogenic particles in natural sediment sinks: Microplastics accumulation in tributary, beach and lake bottom sediments of Lake Ontario, North America.” 2016. Thesis, University of Western Ontario. Accessed January 26, 2021.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/3941.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ballent, Anika M. “Anthropogenic particles in natural sediment sinks: Microplastics accumulation in tributary, beach and lake bottom sediments of Lake Ontario, North America.” 2016. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Ballent AM. Anthropogenic particles in natural sediment sinks: Microplastics accumulation in tributary, beach and lake bottom sediments of Lake Ontario, North America. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/3941.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Ballent AM. Anthropogenic particles in natural sediment sinks: Microplastics accumulation in tributary, beach and lake bottom sediments of Lake Ontario, North America. [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2016. Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/3941
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Victoria
20.
Collicutt, Brenna.
The anthropogenic influence of shellfish aquaculture and microplastics on juvenile Pacific salmon on the east coast of Vancouver Island.
Degree: Department of Biology, 2016, University of Victoria
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7536
► In the northeast Pacific, salmon are an integral part of ecology, economics and culture. Nearshore areas, where juvenile salmon reside upon leaving their natal streams,…
(more)
▼ In the northeast Pacific, salmon are an integral part of ecology, economics and culture. Nearshore areas, where juvenile salmon reside upon leaving their natal streams, are important habitat during a critical time where growth can determine overall survivorship. With the rise in human development in coastal areas, these valuable habitats are becoming increasingly modified, however, the ecological ramifications are not fully understood. This study focuses on two types of anthropogenic influence including shellfish aquaculture, which modifies intertidal areas by adding structures such as intertidal fencing and anti-predator nets, and plastic marine pollution in the form of
microplastics. We beach seined at sites within an area extensively modified for shellfish aquaculture (Baynes Sound) to examine juvenile salmon abundance, condition, feeding intensity and prey at aquaculture and non-aquaculture areas. In addition, we also beach seined, and along the east coast of Vancouver Island to determine the incidence of
microplastics in juvenile Chinook salmon and their nearshore environments. No significant differences were found between areas in the abundance, diets, condition or feeding intensity of juvenile Coho and Chinook. Chum had different prey and a higher condition and feeding intensity at aquaculture sites, suggesting that species such as Chum feeding on more benthic prey items have a higher probability of being impacted by shellfish aquaculture modifications and in this case we observed positive effects. Microplastic analysis showed juvenile Chinook salmon contained 1.15 1.41 (SD)
microplastics per individual while water and sediment samples had 659.88 520.87
microplastics m-3 and 60.2 63.4
microplastics kg-1 dry weight, respectively. We found no differences in microplastic concentrations in juvenile Chinook and water samples among sites but observed significantly higher concentrations in sediment at our Deep Bay site compared to Nanaimo and Cowichan Bay. These differences may be due to site bathymetry and oceanographic differences facilitating settlement at the Deep Bay site and/or may be a result of differential plastic sources in the area including shellfish farming and a marina. Shellfish aquaculture had negligible or positive effects on juvenile salmon abundance, diet, condition and feeding intensity and Chinook microplastic concentrations were relatively low compared to literature values. Although fitness consequences and ecosystem-wide implications must be addressed in the future, it appears shellfish aquaculture and
microplastics are not immediate threats to juvenile Pacific salmon along the east coast of Vancouver Island at this time. However, continued monitoring programs and larger-scale studies should be implemented as shoreline modification and plastic use continues to increase.
Advisors/Committee Members: Juanes, Francis (supervisor), Dudas, Sarah Elizabeth (supervisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Pacific salmon; shellfish aquaculture; microplastics; Baynes Sound; early marine mortality
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APA (6th Edition):
Collicutt, B. (2016). The anthropogenic influence of shellfish aquaculture and microplastics on juvenile Pacific salmon on the east coast of Vancouver Island. (Masters Thesis). University of Victoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7536
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Collicutt, Brenna. “The anthropogenic influence of shellfish aquaculture and microplastics on juvenile Pacific salmon on the east coast of Vancouver Island.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of Victoria. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7536.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Collicutt, Brenna. “The anthropogenic influence of shellfish aquaculture and microplastics on juvenile Pacific salmon on the east coast of Vancouver Island.” 2016. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Collicutt B. The anthropogenic influence of shellfish aquaculture and microplastics on juvenile Pacific salmon on the east coast of Vancouver Island. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Victoria; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7536.
Council of Science Editors:
Collicutt B. The anthropogenic influence of shellfish aquaculture and microplastics on juvenile Pacific salmon on the east coast of Vancouver Island. [Masters Thesis]. University of Victoria; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7536
University of Victoria
21.
Raap, Monique.
Anthropogenic modifications and their impacts on shellfish physiology.
Degree: Department of Biology, 2019, University of Victoria
URL: https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/10591
► Humans have been modifying marine habitats for centuries to enhance productivity and facilitate the collection of natural food sources such as fish and shellfish. Anthropogenic…
(more)
▼ Humans have been modifying marine habitats for centuries to enhance productivity and facilitate the collection of natural food sources such as fish and shellfish. Anthropogenic alterations and impacts on marine habitats include coastal development, aquaculture, fishing, agriculture, transportation and waste disposal, which have led to a decrease in habitat complexity and a loss of biological diversity. The maintenance, regulation and protection of healthy aquatic habitats and the ecosystem services they provide is a global concern. In this study transcriptional analysis was utilized to investigate physiological responses of shellfish to two different types of anthropogenic marine impacts; clam garden habitat modifications and microplastic pollution.
Clam gardens are examples of ancient anthropogenic modifications built by the Northwest Indigenous Coastal peoples of America to enhance clam habitat productivity, providing secure and reliable food sources. Physiological differences of Leukoma staminea (Littleneck clams) transplanted in unmaintained clam garden beaches for 16 weeks compared to clams in unmodified reference beaches were investigated using metrics of gene expression, growth and survival. This study found no statistically significant differences in growth and survival but did find statistical differences in expressed biological pathways in clams between clam gardens and reference beaches. Most biological pathways in both groups were associated with environmental stress, suggesting both habitats contained their own unique multiple stressors. There were also no statistically significant differences in sediment carbonate, organic content, or grain size distributions between the sediment from clam garden beaches compared to reference beaches. An interesting finding in this study was a significant negative correlation between sediment carbonate content and survival. The presence of several highly upregulated viral transcripts from the Dicistroviridae family had significant correlations with geographical proximity and survival, further confirming that other factors (such as geographical location and sediment characteristics) had a greater influence on Littleneck clam survival and immune status if a beach had been modified or not
Microplastics are emerging anthropogenic pollutants found in marine habitats worldwide, including key aquaculture and fisheries species such as bivalves. To examine the impacts of environmentally relevant concentrations of
microplastics on the highly commercial Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), 102 adult oysters were exposed to
microplastics (5 microplastic fibers per litre) in microalgal diets for 30 days and impacts were assessed using gene expression, condition index, microplastic load and lysosomal membrane stability. Results were compared to control (n= 102) oysters receiving microalgal feed and held in the same experimental conditions but with no microplastic exposure, and background counts of microplastic load in seawater and microalgal production were also assessed. There…
Advisors/Committee Members: Gurney-Smith, Helen (supervisor), Koop, Benjamin F. (supervisor).
Subjects/Keywords: bivalves; calcium carbonate; clam gardens; RNA sequencing; microplastics
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APA (6th Edition):
Raap, M. (2019). Anthropogenic modifications and their impacts on shellfish physiology. (Masters Thesis). University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/10591
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Raap, Monique. “Anthropogenic modifications and their impacts on shellfish physiology.” 2019. Masters Thesis, University of Victoria. Accessed January 26, 2021.
https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/10591.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Raap, Monique. “Anthropogenic modifications and their impacts on shellfish physiology.” 2019. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Raap M. Anthropogenic modifications and their impacts on shellfish physiology. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Victoria; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/10591.
Council of Science Editors:
Raap M. Anthropogenic modifications and their impacts on shellfish physiology. [Masters Thesis]. University of Victoria; 2019. Available from: https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/10591
22.
Hylton, Lindsay L.
Microplastic pollution in Indiana's White River : an exploratory study.
Degree: Thesis (M.S.), 2017, Ball State University
URL: http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/201059
► Plastic material is now a ubiquitous source of aquatic pollution, most of which originates from sources on land, including surface waters. Microplastics- tiny plastic pieces…
(more)
▼ Plastic material is now a ubiquitous source of aquatic pollution, most of which originates from sources on land, including surface waters.
Microplastics- tiny plastic pieces that are often not visible to the naked eye, are a recent growing environmental concern in both marine and freshwater ecosystems. While many studies have proven the abundance and danger of
microplastics in the world’s oceans, far less research has been done on their presence and impact in freshwater ecosystems. This exploratory quantitative study aims to build on the findings of recent freshwater microplastic studies by reporting on the abundance and types of microplastic pollution found in the West Fork of Indiana’s White River. Fifteen surface water samples were taken from three bridge sites along the river over a four-month period (August-November 2015). Samples were collected with a custom adapted net and analyzed using NOAA’s recommended laboratory methods for the analysis of
microplastics in the marine environment. Analysis revealed a variety of microplastic particles at all three sampling sites, to varying extents, with synthetic fibers being the predominant plastic type collected. A total of 145.5 plastic pieces were collected from the White River over the duration of this study, from all 15 samples (which were averaged with duplicates). The average microplastic concentration in the White River, based on the average concentrations of the three sites sampled, was 0.71 items/m3. These findings help to fill the large knowledge gap in microplastic research on freshwater, especially fluvial, environments and guide researchers in better understanding the extent to which these synthetic particles are polluting U.S. surface waters as a whole.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ghezzi, Jessique (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Microplastics – Indiana – White River (River); Water – Pollution – Indiana – White River (River)
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APA (6th Edition):
Hylton, L. L. (2017). Microplastic pollution in Indiana's White River : an exploratory study. (Masters Thesis). Ball State University. Retrieved from http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/201059
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hylton, Lindsay L. “Microplastic pollution in Indiana's White River : an exploratory study.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Ball State University. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/201059.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hylton, Lindsay L. “Microplastic pollution in Indiana's White River : an exploratory study.” 2017. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Hylton LL. Microplastic pollution in Indiana's White River : an exploratory study. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Ball State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/201059.
Council of Science Editors:
Hylton LL. Microplastic pollution in Indiana's White River : an exploratory study. [Masters Thesis]. Ball State University; 2017. Available from: http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/201059
University of Tennessee – Knoxville
23.
English, Marie E.
The role of biodegradable plastic mulches in soil organic carbon cycling.
Degree: MS, Environmental and Soil Sciences, 2019, University of Tennessee – Knoxville
URL: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/5412
► Agricultural plastic mulching improves weed management and controls the soil moisture and temperature leading to large increases in yield. Unfortunately, the rise in popularity of…
(more)
▼ Agricultural plastic mulching improves weed management and controls the soil moisture and temperature leading to large increases in yield. Unfortunately, the rise in popularity of mulching results in more plastic pollution due to a lack of recycling options for polyethylene (PE) mulch. Biodegradable plastic mulches (BDMs) are an alternative to the traditionally used PE mulches and are recommended for tillage into the soil at the end of the season. There is evidence that by altering soil moisture and temperature, the use of mulching is tightly tied to soil carbon (C) cycling. The purpose of this study was to gain insight on the effect of BDMs on soil C storage, an important part of soil health, using field and lab studies. The field study was replicated in two diverse climates, Knoxville, TN and Mt.Vernon, WA. Multiple C pools were measured over two years (Spring 2015- Spring 2017) to monitor the effect of 7 different mulching treatments (four BDMs and three controls: PE plastic mulch, cellulosic (paper) mulch, and no-mulch). After two years, results were variable across locations, but PE treatments accumulated less soil C than the no-mulch control in each location. These differences are likely due to increased mineralization from the higher soil moistures and temperatures in the PE treatment compared to the no-mulch treatment. The use and incorporation of BDMs showed no significant declines in soil C pools compared to the no-mulch control. Season and location significantly affected C pools as well. To improve estimates of BDM fate, BDM
microplastics were measured from field samples using a novel method. The second part of this study was a lab experiment to investigate how air temperature affects the biodegradation of BDMs by combining time course biodegradation measures with soil C pools, soil microbial properties, and chemical properties of the BDMs. Collectively, these results showed significantly higher BDM biodegradation at higher temperatures with amorphous polymeric regions being degraded first. The positive effects of BDMs on soil C stocks compared to PE supports their use as a substitute to PE; however more research is needed on microplastic residence times.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sean Schaeffer, Jennifer DeBruyn, Sindhu Jagadamma, Douglas Hayes.
Subjects/Keywords: Biodegradable plastic mulch; soil carbon cycling; soil health; soil microplastics
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APA (6th Edition):
English, M. E. (2019). The role of biodegradable plastic mulches in soil organic carbon cycling. (Thesis). University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Retrieved from https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/5412
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
English, Marie E. “The role of biodegradable plastic mulches in soil organic carbon cycling.” 2019. Thesis, University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Accessed January 26, 2021.
https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/5412.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
English, Marie E. “The role of biodegradable plastic mulches in soil organic carbon cycling.” 2019. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
English ME. The role of biodegradable plastic mulches in soil organic carbon cycling. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/5412.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
English ME. The role of biodegradable plastic mulches in soil organic carbon cycling. [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2019. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/5412
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
24.
Björk, My.
Mikroplasters spridning längs den svenska västkusten - En studie om koncentration och distribution av mikroplaster i marina sediment.
Degree: 2014, , Faculty of Culture and Society (KS)
URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22550
► På senare år har ett nytt forskningsområde kring mikroskopiska plastfragment i marin miljö, kallat mikroplaster, vuxit fram. Mikroplaster härstammar från antropogena källor som avloppsreningsverk…
(more)
▼ På senare år har ett nytt forskningsområde kring mikroskopiska plastfragment i marin miljö,
kallat mikroplaster, vuxit fram. Mikroplaster härstammar från antropogena källor som
avloppsreningsverk och vid fragmentering av makroplast. Det finns ett begränsat antal studier
inom området, särskilt vad gäller svenska vatten, vilket innebär att det finns utrymme för mer
forskning. För att bidra till forskningen har föreliggande studie undersökt sedimentprover från
litoralen vid sju olika platser längs svenska västkusten samt ett sedimentprov från djupt vatten
vid en av platserna. För att undersöka koncentration och distribution av mikroplaster utfördes
korrelationsanalys längs den svenska västkusten mellan mikroplaster och två variabler;
kornstorlek och salinitet. Resultatet visade att högst koncentration av mikroplaster återfanns
vid Sveriges västkust norra delar och minskade ju längre söderut proverna togs.
Förklaringsgraden R2 = 0, 61 visade stark korrelation mellan koncentration mikroplaster och
hög salinitet, samt fanns en korrelation mellan mikroplaster och grov sand med
förklaringsgraden R2 = 0,38. Resultaten bidrar till ökad förståelse för hur mikroplaster
distribueras i marin miljö vid den svenska västkusten. Forskarna uppmanar till fler
provtagningar i havets alla zoner för att bättre förstå hur mikroplaster koncentreras och
distribueras i marin miljö.
In recent years, a new research field regarding microscopic plastic fragments in the marine
environment, called microplastics, have emerged. Microplastics derives from anthropogenic
sources such as sewage treatment plants and the fragmentation of macro plastic. There are a
limited number of studies regarding micro plastics, especially concerning Swedish waters,
indicating the need for more research. In this study sediment samples were collected from the
littoral area at seven different locations as well as one sediment sample from a deep sea at one
of the sites. The aim is to investigate the concentration and distribution of microplastics along
the Swedish west coast. A correlation analysis was performed between microplastics and two
variables; grain size and salinity. The results showed that the highest concentration of micro
plastics were found at the north part of the Swedish west coast and decreased the farther south
the samples were taken. The results showed a strong correlation between microplastics and
high salinity R
2 = 0, 61, and a correlation was seen between micro plastics and coarse sand
with a R2 = 0.38. The results contribute to the understanding of how micro plastics are
distributed in marine environment along the Swedish west coast. The researchers behind this
study calls for sampling of all marine zones to further understand how microplastics are
concentrated and distributed in the marine environment
Subjects/Keywords: Mikroplast; Sediment; Fragmentering; Microplastics; Salinitet; Biological Sciences; Biologiska vetenskaper
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APA (6th Edition):
Björk, M. (2014). Mikroplasters spridning längs den svenska västkusten - En studie om koncentration och distribution av mikroplaster i marina sediment. (Thesis). , Faculty of Culture and Society (KS). Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22550
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Björk, My. “Mikroplasters spridning längs den svenska västkusten - En studie om koncentration och distribution av mikroplaster i marina sediment.” 2014. Thesis, , Faculty of Culture and Society (KS). Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22550.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Björk, My. “Mikroplasters spridning längs den svenska västkusten - En studie om koncentration och distribution av mikroplaster i marina sediment.” 2014. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Björk M. Mikroplasters spridning längs den svenska västkusten - En studie om koncentration och distribution av mikroplaster i marina sediment. [Internet] [Thesis]. , Faculty of Culture and Society (KS); 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22550.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Björk M. Mikroplasters spridning längs den svenska västkusten - En studie om koncentration och distribution av mikroplaster i marina sediment. [Thesis]. , Faculty of Culture and Society (KS); 2014. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22550
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Universidade Nova
25.
Dhimmer, Viren Rasiclal.
Microplastics in gastrointestinal tracts of Trachurus trachurus and Scomber colias from the Portuguese Coastal waters.
Degree: 2017, Universidade Nova
URL: https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:run.unl.pt:10362/30790
► Plastic and microplastics are ubiquitous in the marine environment, their presence and possible ingestion can lead to harmful consequences in the marine environment and biota.…
(more)
▼ Plastic and
microplastics are ubiquitous in the marine environment, their presence and possible ingestion can lead to harmful consequences in the marine environment and biota. To provide a quantification of
microplastics ingested by commercial fish from the Portuguese Coastal waters and public awareness of the potential harm to human health, a total of 164 samples of Trachurus trachurus and Scomber colias were collected from Figueira da Foz and Sesimbra fishing ports. After dissection and evaluation, 67% of the individuals were found to have ingested
microplastics.
A total of 399
microplastics were registered, with an average (mean SD) of 3.63 ± 3.16
microplastics per contaminated fish. Fibres and fragments were the type of MP found in fish, fibres were recurrently found among individuals, 79% comparing to 21% of fragments. Fish collected from Figueira da Foz fishing port, comprise 62% of the total MPs detected, and, S. colias, the Atlantic mackerel ingested 54% of the total
microplastics.
Kruskal Wallis H test were performed to identify significant statistical differences between sampled groups and Spearman correlation to link any possible relationship between biometric parameters and number of
microplastics ingested per fish. Intra-species comparisons identified significant differences in the number of fibres ingested and in the gastrointestinal tract weights, while inter-species comparisons revealed differences in the amounts of fibres and fragments ingested among individuals. Slight Spearman correlations were registered between the biometric parameters and the number of fibres and fragments ingested.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sobral, Maria Paula.
Subjects/Keywords: Microplastics; Ingestion; Fish; Fibres; Fragments; Domínio/Área Científica::Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia do Ambiente
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APA (6th Edition):
Dhimmer, V. R. (2017). Microplastics in gastrointestinal tracts of Trachurus trachurus and Scomber colias from the Portuguese Coastal waters. (Thesis). Universidade Nova. Retrieved from https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:run.unl.pt:10362/30790
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Dhimmer, Viren Rasiclal. “Microplastics in gastrointestinal tracts of Trachurus trachurus and Scomber colias from the Portuguese Coastal waters.” 2017. Thesis, Universidade Nova. Accessed January 26, 2021.
https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:run.unl.pt:10362/30790.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Dhimmer, Viren Rasiclal. “Microplastics in gastrointestinal tracts of Trachurus trachurus and Scomber colias from the Portuguese Coastal waters.” 2017. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Dhimmer VR. Microplastics in gastrointestinal tracts of Trachurus trachurus and Scomber colias from the Portuguese Coastal waters. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade Nova; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:run.unl.pt:10362/30790.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Dhimmer VR. Microplastics in gastrointestinal tracts of Trachurus trachurus and Scomber colias from the Portuguese Coastal waters. [Thesis]. Universidade Nova; 2017. Available from: https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:run.unl.pt:10362/30790
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Cornell University
26.
Watkins, Lisa.
Temporal and Hydrologic Factors Influencing Riverine Microplastic Concentrations.
Degree: M.S., Biological and Environmental Engineering, Biological and Environmental Engineering, 2018, Cornell University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/59567
► Microplastic pollution is increasingly studied in freshwater systems due to concerns over the ubiquity of the small plastic particles and their potential effects on aquatic…
(more)
▼ Microplastic pollution is increasingly studied in freshwater systems due to concerns over the ubiquity of the small plastic particles and their potential effects on aquatic organisms. Still unknown is how in-stream characteristics and temporal variabilities may affect observed riverine microplastic concentrations. In this thesis I investigate dams’ influence on the spatial heterogeneity of
microplastics, the affect that time of sampling (time of day and seasonal flow condition) has on the microplastic concentration measured, and whether upstream wastewater management strategies affect the patterns observed. I find that that dams act as a sink for
microplastics, capturing significantly higher concentrations of
microplastics in the reservoir behind them than is found in areas of settling upstream or downstream of them. My analysis also demonstrates that flow condition is a significant predictor of microplastic concentration at a given location while other measured parameters, including upstream wastewater management strategies, are not. By indicating that flow condition is an important control on measured concentration, this research improves future studies’ ability to interpret and properly apply the findings of existing riverine microplastic surveys. Additionally, by improving our understanding of how hydrologic conditions and the presence of in-stream barriers affect the transport of
microplastics in rivers, this research helps to reduce uncertainty in models that attempt to quantify the magnitude of global microplastic pollution and the rate at which it grows.
Advisors/Committee Members: Walter, Michael Todd (chair), Sullivan, Patrick J. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Hydrologic sciences; Environmental engineering; dam; microplastics; plastic; pollution; river; wastewater; Environmental science
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APA (6th Edition):
Watkins, L. (2018). Temporal and Hydrologic Factors Influencing Riverine Microplastic Concentrations. (Masters Thesis). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/59567
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Watkins, Lisa. “Temporal and Hydrologic Factors Influencing Riverine Microplastic Concentrations.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Cornell University. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1813/59567.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Watkins, Lisa. “Temporal and Hydrologic Factors Influencing Riverine Microplastic Concentrations.” 2018. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Watkins L. Temporal and Hydrologic Factors Influencing Riverine Microplastic Concentrations. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Cornell University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/59567.
Council of Science Editors:
Watkins L. Temporal and Hydrologic Factors Influencing Riverine Microplastic Concentrations. [Masters Thesis]. Cornell University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/59567
KTH
27.
Lundström, Johanna.
Spreading of microplastics from artificial turf via stormwater.
Degree: Biotechnology and Health (CBH), 2019, KTH
URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277122
► På senare tid har mikroplaster i hav och sjöar uppmärksammats som ett potentiellt stortmiljöproblem. Idag finns mikroplaster spridda över hela världens vatten från polerna…
(more)
▼ På senare tid har mikroplaster i hav och sjöar uppmärksammats som ett potentiellt stortmiljöproblem. Idag finns mikroplaster spridda över hela världens vatten från polerna till ekvatorn.År 2016 uppmärksammades konstgräsplaner som den nästa största källan till spridning avmikroplaster till sjöar och vattendrag i Sverige [1]. Fotboll är Sveriges nationalsport och är densporten som står för flest aktivitetstimmar i Sverige. Konstgräs har gjort det möjligt för fler barnoch ungdomar att få fler speltimmar och idag spelar 90 % av alla fotbollsspelare på konstgräs [2].De olika spridningsvägarna för mikroplaster från konstgräsplaner undersöktes med fokus påspridningsvägen via dagvatten. Det finns fler olika reningsmetoder för dagvatten innehållandemikroplaster, en av dessa är granulatfällan, en filterpåse som placeras i en dagvattenbrunn för attfånga upp granulat och konstgräsfibrer som sprids från konstgräsplanen till dagvattenbrunnen.Syftet med denna studie var att optimera reningsmetoden granulatfälla utifrån möjligavattenflöden och dess effektivitet i att fånga upp mikroplaster. Detta undersöktes genomframtagandet av en vattenflödesmodell vid konstgräsplaner med variationer i konstruktion ochgenom fältstudier av granulatfällans effektivitet vid två konstgräsplaner i Storstockholm.Det regn som undersöktes i vattenflödesmodellen var extremregn för ett 10 års regn under 10minuter. Detta för att hitta det maximala flöde granulatfällorna kommer behöva klara av. Vilkavattenflöden som nådde dagvattenbrunnarna var beroende på antalet dagvattenbrunnarplacerade runt konstgräsplanen, i vilket område i Sverige som konstgräsplanen var placerad, detvill säga hur mycket regn som kom, och konstgräsplanens infiltrationsförmåga.Vattenflödesmodellen fungerar som en mall för möjliga vattenflöden vid en specifik plats i Sverigeoch en viss konstruktion av konstgräsplan.De konstgräsplaner som var med i fältstudierna var Skytteholms IP i Solna och Spånga IP iStockholm. Vid varje konstgräsplan placerades 6 granulatfällor med två filterpåsar på varje fälla,den inre med större maskor och den yttre med mindre maskor. Kombinationerna var 200 μm med100 μm, 200 μm med 50 μm och 100 μm med 50 μm. Totalt fångades 10,3 kg mikroplast vidSkytteholms IP och 1,5 kg vid Spånga IP under de 49 dygn granulatfällorna var utplacerade. Avden totala mängden mikroplast viktmässigt i varje granulatfälla fanns minst 99 % i den inrefilterpåsen och maximalt 1 % i den yttre filterpåsen, det vill säga i storleksfraktionen mellan denyttre och den inre filterpåsen.Slutsatserna från denna studie är att vattenflödet till dagvattenbrunnarna placerade runtkonstgräsplaner kan variera mycket på grund av hur konstgräsplanen är konstruerad. Det berorframförallt på konstgräsplanens infiltrationsförmåga och antal dagvattenbrunnar runtkonstgräsplanen. Utifrån de teoretiska vattenflödena och fältstudierna rekommenderas att enfilterpåse med maskstorlek 200 μm används i granulatfällan. Detta utifrån att den inre filterpåsenfångade minst 99 % av de mikroplaster som nådde…
Subjects/Keywords: Microplastics; Artificial turf; Granule trap; Granulate; Waterflows; mikroplast; konstgräsplan; granulatfälla; granulat; vattenflöden; Chemical Engineering; Kemiteknik
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APA (6th Edition):
Lundström, J. (2019). Spreading of microplastics from artificial turf via stormwater. (Thesis). KTH. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277122
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lundström, Johanna. “Spreading of microplastics from artificial turf via stormwater.” 2019. Thesis, KTH. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277122.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lundström, Johanna. “Spreading of microplastics from artificial turf via stormwater.” 2019. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Lundström J. Spreading of microplastics from artificial turf via stormwater. [Internet] [Thesis]. KTH; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277122.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Lundström J. Spreading of microplastics from artificial turf via stormwater. [Thesis]. KTH; 2019. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277122
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
28.
Dris, Rachid.
First assessement of sources and fate of macro and micro plastics in urban hydrosystems : Case of Paris megacity : Premières investigation des sources et devenirs des macro et micro plastiques dans les hydrosystèmes urbains : cas de agglomération parisienne.
Degree: Docteur es, Sciences et Techniques de l'Environnement, 2016, Université Paris-Est
URL: http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1108
► Le risque environnemental lié à la présence de plastiques dans les milieux aquatiques a été suggéré, pour le milieu marin, dès les années 1970. Même…
(more)
▼ Le risque environnemental lié à la présence de plastiques dans les milieux aquatiques a été suggéré, pour le milieu marin, dès les années 1970. Même s’il reste incomplètement cerné (d’un point de vue écotoxicologique essentiellement), il ressort de la littérature qu’il est significatif. Même si certains travaux suggèrent qu’une grande partie de ces plastiques provient des eaux continentales, il n’existe aujourd’hui peu d’étude sur les niveaux d’imprégnation des milieux aquatiques en milieu continental et aucune à l’échelle des bassins versants urbains pour préciser l’importance des différentes sources urbaines.Dans cette étude, les macroplastiques (> 5 mm) ainsi que les microplastiques (<5 mm) sont considérés. Les flux de macroplastiques dans la Seine ont été estimés à l’aide d’une étude de terrain mais aussi à l’aide d’une approche théorique. En ce qui concerne les microplastics, les fibres (synthétiques et artificielles) ainsi que les fragments ont été étudiés dans différent compartiments du système urbain. L’air intérieur, les retombées atmosphériques, les eaux de ruissellement, les effluents et affluents de stations d’épuration ainsi que les rejets urbains en temps de pluie ont été étudiés.Les concentrations en microplastiques dans le milieu récepteur ont aussi été estimées. Le suivi de la contamination des eaux de surface a été abordé selon deux méthodes d’échantillonnage distinctes : échantillonnage par un filet avec une maille de 80 μm et par un filet de 330 µm. L’homogénéité des fibres le long de la section a aussi été estimée, tout comme la variabilité temporelle à court terme. Pour finir, un suivi mensuel sur 19 mois a été effectué en amont et en aval de Paris.Cette étude a permis de montrer que les flux de microplastiques dans la Seine représentent une masse négligeable par rapport aux flux de macroplastiques. Elle confirme aussi l’ubiquité des fibres dans tous les compartiments. Les fragments sont quant à eux particulièrement concentrés dans les rejets urbains en temps de pluie. Pour la première fois, il a été montré que le compartiment atmosphérique jouait un rôle potentiellement important, autant que source de microplastiques
Plastic pollution has been widely studied in marine environment since 1972 and mostly since 2004. Investigations on plastic pollution in freshwater and especially in urban catchments just started at the beginning of the decade, and urban plastic pollution sources and its related fluxes in rivers remains mainly unknown. Thus a specific attention should be paid to the plastic contamination in catchments exposed to severe anthropogenic pressure, especially within the urban areas. This PhD thesis focuses on the case of the Paris agglomeration and its impact on the Seine River. A double approach was carried out as both macro- (>5mm) and micro- (<5mm) plastics were considered.The amount of macroplastics conveyed by the Seine River was estimated with a field study and with a theoretical approach.Regarding microplastics, fibers (made with synthetic but also man-made polymers) and…
Advisors/Committee Members: Tassin, Bruno (thesis director), Gasperi, Johnny (thesis director).
Subjects/Keywords: Microplastiques; Rejet de STEP; Eau de surface; Pollution; Sources; Microplastics; WWTP disposal; Freshwater; Pollution; Sources
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Dris, R. (2016). First assessement of sources and fate of macro and micro plastics in urban hydrosystems : Case of Paris megacity : Premières investigation des sources et devenirs des macro et micro plastiques dans les hydrosystèmes urbains : cas de agglomération parisienne. (Doctoral Dissertation). Université Paris-Est. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1108
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Dris, Rachid. “First assessement of sources and fate of macro and micro plastics in urban hydrosystems : Case of Paris megacity : Premières investigation des sources et devenirs des macro et micro plastiques dans les hydrosystèmes urbains : cas de agglomération parisienne.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Université Paris-Est. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1108.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Dris, Rachid. “First assessement of sources and fate of macro and micro plastics in urban hydrosystems : Case of Paris megacity : Premières investigation des sources et devenirs des macro et micro plastiques dans les hydrosystèmes urbains : cas de agglomération parisienne.” 2016. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Dris R. First assessement of sources and fate of macro and micro plastics in urban hydrosystems : Case of Paris megacity : Premières investigation des sources et devenirs des macro et micro plastiques dans les hydrosystèmes urbains : cas de agglomération parisienne. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Université Paris-Est; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1108.
Council of Science Editors:
Dris R. First assessement of sources and fate of macro and micro plastics in urban hydrosystems : Case of Paris megacity : Premières investigation des sources et devenirs des macro et micro plastiques dans les hydrosystèmes urbains : cas de agglomération parisienne. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Université Paris-Est; 2016. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1108
Northeastern University
29.
Fennessy, Frederick.
Uncovering Microplastic Surface Transport Pathways In The North Sea Using Lagrangian Coherent Structures.
Degree: MS, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 2019, Northeastern University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20324052
► Microplastics in the ocean have the potential to be ingested by marine life, enter both the human and wildlife food chain, and release chemicals through…
(more)
▼ Microplastics in the ocean have the potential to be ingested by marine life, enter both the human and wildlife food chain, and release chemicals through plastic degradation. Due to their small size (less than 5mm), they have the ability to be transported great distances through various ocean dynamics. Often caused by global current systems and surface wind stresses, these dynamics can form transport barriers; persistent structures in the ocean where matter is unable to cross. Such features have the potential to reveal where vast amounts of microplastics collect on the surface. At the core of these attraction zones are conduits for strong downwelling through which plastics settle on the ocean floor. To study this transport, it is necessary to perform a Lagrangian analysis, which takes into account the particles full trajectory. The Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponent (FTLE) assesses the local stretching, where the highest FTLE values indicate potential transport barriers. This approach, applied to twenty-eight months of ocean forecasts, has been used to analyze surface movement on the North Sea. A seasonal analysis with and without the inclusion of wind stresses uncovered a substantial transport barrier above the Norwegian Trench; a deep canyon that runs adjacent to the West Coast of Norway. Most prominent during the winter and relatively irrespective of surface wind, this feature acts as an obstruction to particles travelling to and from the Norwegian Coast. The presence of this barrier has been further demonstrated by the release and advection of simulated particles near coastal cities. The detection of this feature, in addition to transport barriers elsewhere, will help locate surface accumulations of microplastics and ultimately lead to their extraction and disposal.
Subjects/Keywords: coherent structures; finite time Lyapunov exponent; hyperbolic; microplastics; North Sea; transport barrier; Fluid mechanics
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APA (6th Edition):
Fennessy, F. (2019). Uncovering Microplastic Surface Transport Pathways In The North Sea Using Lagrangian Coherent Structures. (Masters Thesis). Northeastern University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20324052
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Fennessy, Frederick. “Uncovering Microplastic Surface Transport Pathways In The North Sea Using Lagrangian Coherent Structures.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Northeastern University. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20324052.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Fennessy, Frederick. “Uncovering Microplastic Surface Transport Pathways In The North Sea Using Lagrangian Coherent Structures.” 2019. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Fennessy F. Uncovering Microplastic Surface Transport Pathways In The North Sea Using Lagrangian Coherent Structures. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Northeastern University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20324052.
Council of Science Editors:
Fennessy F. Uncovering Microplastic Surface Transport Pathways In The North Sea Using Lagrangian Coherent Structures. [Masters Thesis]. Northeastern University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20324052
30.
Paço, Ana Maria Simões do.
Biodegradation of microplastics: optimization and scale up
.
Degree: 2018, Universidade de Aveiro
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10773/25362
► Marine litter, specifically small plastic particles, is one of the major threats to the marine ecosystem. The presence of these microplastics has been increasing over…
(more)
▼ Marine litter, specifically small plastic particles, is one of the major
threats to the marine ecosystem. The presence of these
microplastics has been increasing over the last few years due to their
indiscriminate use and lack of polices for their management.
Thereby, it is necessary to encounter new ways to mitigate their
impacts or even reduce their presence. Biodegradations is a
promising solution to this problem.
In this work, with the objective of developing a bioremediation
process the potential of Zalerion maritimum, to biodegrade
polyethylene
microplastics, is exploited.
Through optimization of the biodegradation medium, by Central
composite design and by Uniform design, was possible to obtain
higher percentages of
microplastics removal and verify that malt
extract was the most relevant compost medium to the process. By
scale up it was possible to verify that in a less controlled medium the
biodegradation of
microplastics still occur.
In addition, the response of the fungi Zalerion maritimum and Nia
vibrissa to exposure to poly(ethylene2,5-furandicarboxylate) has
also been studied and it was possible to conclude that these fungi
seems to have the capacity of biodegrade this micro(bio)plastic.
Advisors/Committee Members: Costa, João Pinto da (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Zalerion maritimum;
Nia vibrissa;
Fungus;
Biodegradation;
Microplastics;
Polyethylene;
Poly(ethylene2,5-furandicarboxylate);
Bioplastic;
FTIR-ATR;
SEM
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APA (6th Edition):
Paço, A. M. S. d. (2018). Biodegradation of microplastics: optimization and scale up
. (Thesis). Universidade de Aveiro. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10773/25362
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Paço, Ana Maria Simões do. “Biodegradation of microplastics: optimization and scale up
.” 2018. Thesis, Universidade de Aveiro. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10773/25362.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Paço, Ana Maria Simões do. “Biodegradation of microplastics: optimization and scale up
.” 2018. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Paço AMSd. Biodegradation of microplastics: optimization and scale up
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade de Aveiro; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10773/25362.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Paço AMSd. Biodegradation of microplastics: optimization and scale up
. [Thesis]. Universidade de Aveiro; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10773/25362
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
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