subject:(macaques)

Tulane University

1. Fahlberg, Marissa D. The Impact of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus on Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Rhesus Macaques.

Degree: 2018, Tulane University

URL: https://digitallibrary.tulane.edu/islandora/object/tulane:110475

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[email protected]

Background: Individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) exhibit high levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines and proteins, which are strongly… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: SIV; Rhesus Macaques; Adipose tissue

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fahlberg, M. D. (2018). The Impact of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus on Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Rhesus Macaques. (Thesis). Tulane University. Retrieved from https://digitallibrary.tulane.edu/islandora/object/tulane:110475

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fahlberg, Marissa D. “The Impact of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus on Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Rhesus Macaques.” 2018. Thesis, Tulane University. Accessed April 14, 2021. https://digitallibrary.tulane.edu/islandora/object/tulane:110475.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fahlberg, Marissa D. “The Impact of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus on Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Rhesus Macaques.” 2018. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Fahlberg MD. The Impact of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus on Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Rhesus Macaques. [Internet] [Thesis]. Tulane University; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: https://digitallibrary.tulane.edu/islandora/object/tulane:110475.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Fahlberg MD. The Impact of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus on Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Rhesus Macaques. [Thesis]. Tulane University; 2018. Available from: https://digitallibrary.tulane.edu/islandora/object/tulane:110475

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

2. Shattuck, Milena. The Molecular Evolution of the Serotonin System in Macaques (MACACA): a Detailed Survey of Four Serotonin-Related Genes.

Degree: PhD, 0340, 2011, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26115

► Serotonin, a hormone produced in the brain, has long been implicated in the regulation of critical behaviors, such as those related to aggression or impulse… (more)

▼ Serotonin, a hormone produced in the brain, has long been implicated in the regulation of critical behaviors, such as those related to aggression or impulse control. However, most research on serotonin has focused on the proximate connection to behavior, and little is known about its evolution. This is unfortunate, since the serotonin system has great potential to inform our understanding of behavioral evolution. I seek to address this gap in knowledge by investigating the molecular evolution of the serotonin system in macaques (genus Macaca). The macaque genus represents a useful model for understanding behavioral evolution. Comprised of approximately 19 species, macaques display a wide range of behaviors. It is likely that behavioral differences are caused by differences in neuroendocrinology. Therefore, the serotonin system provides one potential mechanism through which evolution may act to shape macaque behavior. In this dissertation, I sequence four genes that are known to influence serotonin functioning and behavior: HTR1A, HTR1B, TPH2, and SLC6A4. I examine the pattern of genetic variation within and between several species of macaque, and, using an approach based on molecular evolutionary theory, discern which evolutionary force ??? positive selection, balancing selection, purifying selection, or random genetic drift ??? is most likely to have acted on these genes. Three out of the four genes (HTR1B, TPH2, and SLC6A4), show a low level of overall genetic variation within the coding regions, suggesting that purifying selection is the predominate force acting on these genes. Within non-coding regions, the patterns of genetic variation found are consistent with genetic drift. Thus, positive selection does not seem to be affecting these genes. The genetic variation for these genes may contribute to the behavioral variation found in macaques; however, any effect that these genes have on behavior is likely due to non-adaptive evolutionary forces. In contrast to the other genes, HTR1A shows a pattern that is clearly distinct. HTR1A displays an unusually high level of interspecific variation, which is consistent with positive selection. Moreover, a subset of macaque species share a codon loss, an extremely rare event in gene evolution, and analyses of the coding region indicate a significant elevation of protein evolution among certain sites of the gene. These results suggest that positive selection has played a significant role in the evolution of the serotonin system and it is likely that the effects of positive selection on HTR1A contributed to macaque behavioral evolution. This research provides an important first step towards gaining a more thorough understanding of the mechanisms underlying the evolution of behavior. Advisors/Committee Members: Malhi, Ripan S. (advisor), Malhi, Ripan S. (Committee Chair), Leigh, Steven R. (committee member), Roseman, Charles C. (committee member), Konigsberg, Lyle W. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: serotonin; macaques; evolution; behavior; genetics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Shattuck, M. (2011). The Molecular Evolution of the Serotonin System in Macaques (MACACA): a Detailed Survey of Four Serotonin-Related Genes. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26115

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Shattuck, Milena. “The Molecular Evolution of the Serotonin System in Macaques (MACACA): a Detailed Survey of Four Serotonin-Related Genes.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26115.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Shattuck, Milena. “The Molecular Evolution of the Serotonin System in Macaques (MACACA): a Detailed Survey of Four Serotonin-Related Genes.” 2011. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Shattuck M. The Molecular Evolution of the Serotonin System in Macaques (MACACA): a Detailed Survey of Four Serotonin-Related Genes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26115.

Council of Science Editors:

Shattuck M. The Molecular Evolution of the Serotonin System in Macaques (MACACA): a Detailed Survey of Four Serotonin-Related Genes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26115

University of Georgia

3. Johnson, Elizabeth Carol. Food neophobia in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta).

Degree: 2014, University of Georgia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/20076

► Food neophobia can be observed in most animals and may play a key role in diet selection, especially for generalist species. This project contains five… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Neophobia; Rhesus macaques; Feeding; Diet selection

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APA (6^th Edition):

Johnson, E. C. (2014). Food neophobia in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). (Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10724/20076

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Johnson, Elizabeth Carol. “Food neophobia in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta).” 2014. Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10724/20076.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Johnson, Elizabeth Carol. “Food neophobia in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta).” 2014. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Johnson EC. Food neophobia in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/20076.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Johnson EC. Food neophobia in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/20076

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee

4. Bunnag, Sopitsuda. Impaired T Lymphocyte Responses in Older Macaques: Possible Implications for Lentiviral Disease Progression.

Degree: MS, Biomedical Sciences, 2015, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee

URL: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/796

► Lentiviral infections of humans and rhesus macaques result in acquired immunodeficiency almost invariably. Yet the duration between the initial infection and the onset of… (more)

▼ Lentiviral infections of humans and rhesus macaques result in acquired immunodeficiency almost invariably. Yet the duration between the initial infection and the onset of generalized failure of the immune system varies between subjects, in both organisms. Furthermore, acquiring the infection at an older age tends to accelerate disease progression, but mechanisms underlying the latter phenomenon have not been elucidated. It is widely accepted that the events that take place during the very early stages of infection play a critical role in determining disease progression. During this brief period, a fierce competition between viral virulence mechanisms and host immune defenses takes place. I hypothesize that critical immune responses, such as those associated with better outcome in primate lentiviral infections, are lost in rhesus macaques at older age. If true, the loss of these critical immune responses at the early, fate-determining stages of infection would explain rapid progression among those who acquire the infection at older age. Immunological parameters that have been associated with better outcome in primate lentiviral infections include multifunctional T lymphocyte responses, robust proliferative capacity, and production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) (16). Investigating how these immunological parameters change as the animals advance in age may help us predict the possible mechanisms underlying rapid progression in older macaques, and by extension people. In this study, macaques of advanced age (21 - 29 years) were compared to young adult animals (3 - 7 years). I tested T cell qualities that have been linked to better outcome in primate lentiviral infections in the two age groups. Although most previous studies were based on studied carried out using infected animals, I tested uninfected animals. The rationale is that the observed divergence in infection outcome must have resulted from pre-infection, inherent differences between the two age groups. Post-infection studies can help identify protective responses in an immunologically protected group, while pre-infection studies provide an opportunity to define intrinsic differences in an unaltered immune system that might have resulted in the divergent outcome after infection. Since in primate lentiviral infections the younger population is not protected (since the role is susceptibility in humans and macaques), I do not expect to identify a truly protective immune profile by examining post-infection responses. In fact, some of the potentially important responses can be masked by infection-induced impairments of the immune system. For this reason, I decided to focus this study on pre-infection qualities of T cells. Due to the large number of variables involved in the current study, I used principal components analysis (PCA) to identify the most discriminatory immunological parameters between the two age groups. PCA was used to enable the simultaneous evaluation of multiple parameters, which provides an advantage over univariate statistical analysis.… Advisors/Committee Members: Wail M. Hassan.

Subjects/Keywords: Lentiviral; Macaques; Rhesus; Allergy and Immunology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bunnag, S. (2015). Impaired T Lymphocyte Responses in Older Macaques: Possible Implications for Lentiviral Disease Progression. (Thesis). University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee. Retrieved from https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/796

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bunnag, Sopitsuda. “Impaired T Lymphocyte Responses in Older Macaques: Possible Implications for Lentiviral Disease Progression.” 2015. Thesis, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee. Accessed April 14, 2021. https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/796.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bunnag, Sopitsuda. “Impaired T Lymphocyte Responses in Older Macaques: Possible Implications for Lentiviral Disease Progression.” 2015. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Bunnag S. Impaired T Lymphocyte Responses in Older Macaques: Possible Implications for Lentiviral Disease Progression. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/796.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Bunnag S. Impaired T Lymphocyte Responses in Older Macaques: Possible Implications for Lentiviral Disease Progression. [Thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee; 2015. Available from: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/796

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Michigan State University

5. Mahone, James Patrick, 1945-. Reproductive physiology of M̲a̲c̲a̲c̲a̲ f̲a̲s̲c̲i̲c̲u̲l̲a̲r̲i̲s̲ : 1) seasonal effects in the male, 2) semen preservation, 3) laparoscopy.

Degree: PhD, 1977, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:35348

Subjects/Keywords: Macaques; Reproduction; Semen

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mahone, James Patrick, 1. (1977). Reproductive physiology of M̲a̲c̲a̲c̲a̲ f̲a̲s̲c̲i̲c̲u̲l̲a̲r̲i̲s̲ : 1) seasonal effects in the male, 2) semen preservation, 3) laparoscopy. (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:35348

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mahone, James Patrick, 1945-. “Reproductive physiology of M̲a̲c̲a̲c̲a̲ f̲a̲s̲c̲i̲c̲u̲l̲a̲r̲i̲s̲ : 1) seasonal effects in the male, 2) semen preservation, 3) laparoscopy.” 1977. Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:35348.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mahone, James Patrick, 1945-. “Reproductive physiology of M̲a̲c̲a̲c̲a̲ f̲a̲s̲c̲i̲c̲u̲l̲a̲r̲i̲s̲ : 1) seasonal effects in the male, 2) semen preservation, 3) laparoscopy.” 1977. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Mahone, James Patrick 1. Reproductive physiology of M̲a̲c̲a̲c̲a̲ f̲a̲s̲c̲i̲c̲u̲l̲a̲r̲i̲s̲ : 1) seasonal effects in the male, 2) semen preservation, 3) laparoscopy. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Michigan State University; 1977. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:35348.

Council of Science Editors:

Mahone, James Patrick 1. Reproductive physiology of M̲a̲c̲a̲c̲a̲ f̲a̲s̲c̲i̲c̲u̲l̲a̲r̲i̲s̲ : 1) seasonal effects in the male, 2) semen preservation, 3) laparoscopy. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan State University; 1977. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:35348

The Ohio State University

6. Farslow, Daniel L. The behavior and ecology of the long-tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) on Angaur Island, Palau, Micronesia.

Degree: PhD, Graduate School, 1987, The Ohio State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487324944214636

Subjects/Keywords: Education; Macaques; Monkeys

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APA (6^th Edition):

Farslow, D. L. (1987). The behavior and ecology of the long-tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) on Angaur Island, Palau, Micronesia. (Doctoral Dissertation). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487324944214636

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Farslow, Daniel L. “The behavior and ecology of the long-tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) on Angaur Island, Palau, Micronesia.” 1987. Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487324944214636.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Farslow, Daniel L. “The behavior and ecology of the long-tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) on Angaur Island, Palau, Micronesia.” 1987. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Farslow DL. The behavior and ecology of the long-tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) on Angaur Island, Palau, Micronesia. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 1987. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487324944214636.

Council of Science Editors:

Farslow DL. The behavior and ecology of the long-tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) on Angaur Island, Palau, Micronesia. [Doctoral Dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 1987. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487324944214636

7. Bret, Céline. Déterminants individuels de la position sociale et du rôle dans la cohésion de groupe chez trois espèces de Cercopithecinae : Individual determinants of social position and role in group cohesion in three Cercopithecinae species.

Degree: Docteur es, Ethologie - Ecologie, 2014, Strasbourg; Université libre de Bruxelles (1970-....)

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ037

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La vie en groupe fascine les scientifiques depuis longtemps et la question des mécanismes en jeu permettant à un groupe social de rester cohésif est… (more)

▼

La vie en groupe fascine les scientifiques depuis longtemps et la question des mécanismes en jeu permettant à un groupe social de rester cohésif est largement étudiée. Dans ce travail, je me suis intéressée à l’implication des relations sociales dans le maintien de la cohésion chez trois espèces de Cercopithecinae. Pourquoi certains individus occupent une place particulière au sein du réseau de relations sociales d’un groupe ? Ces individus ayant un statut social particulier ont-ils un rôle de ciment social ? D’après les résultats de ce travail, les relations de parenté, en relation avec le style social de l’espèce, semblent être le facteur prédominant sous-tendant l’accession des individus à un statut social élevé. De plus, les individus occupant une position sociale élevée jouent un rôle primordial dans la stabilité du groupe, et ont également une influence importante sur les décisions prises quotidiennement, leur conférant in fine un avantage en termes de survie et de reproduction.

The comprehension of the mechanisms allowing a social group to stay cohesive throughout their environment and across seasons is a fascinating question. In this work, I studied the implication of social relationships in maintaining group cohesion in three Cercopithecinae species. Why some individuals occupy specific positions within the social relationships network? Have these individuals a particular role in the stability of social groups? According to our results, kinship seems to be an important variable underlying the access to a high social status for group members, in respect with the social style displayed by the considered species. Moreover, Individuals occupying such high social positions play a crucial role for the group stability. They also have a great influence on decisions took on a daily basis by the group. This high social status is therefore advantageous for individuals in terms of survival and reproduction.

Advisors/Committee Members: Petit, Odile (thesis director), Deneubourg, Jean-Louis (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Mandrills; Macaques; Dominance; Centralité; Leadership; Succès; Mandrills; Macaques; Dominance; Social centrality; Success; 591.5

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bret, C. (2014). Déterminants individuels de la position sociale et du rôle dans la cohésion de groupe chez trois espèces de Cercopithecinae : Individual determinants of social position and role in group cohesion in three Cercopithecinae species. (Doctoral Dissertation). Strasbourg; Université libre de Bruxelles (1970-....). Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ037

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bret, Céline. “Déterminants individuels de la position sociale et du rôle dans la cohésion de groupe chez trois espèces de Cercopithecinae : Individual determinants of social position and role in group cohesion in three Cercopithecinae species.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Strasbourg; Université libre de Bruxelles (1970-....). Accessed April 14, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ037.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bret, Céline. “Déterminants individuels de la position sociale et du rôle dans la cohésion de groupe chez trois espèces de Cercopithecinae : Individual determinants of social position and role in group cohesion in three Cercopithecinae species.” 2014. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Bret C. Déterminants individuels de la position sociale et du rôle dans la cohésion de groupe chez trois espèces de Cercopithecinae : Individual determinants of social position and role in group cohesion in three Cercopithecinae species. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Strasbourg; Université libre de Bruxelles (1970-....); 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ037.

Council of Science Editors:

Bret C. Déterminants individuels de la position sociale et du rôle dans la cohésion de groupe chez trois espèces de Cercopithecinae : Individual determinants of social position and role in group cohesion in three Cercopithecinae species. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Strasbourg; Université libre de Bruxelles (1970-....); 2014. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ037

8. Rishi Kumar. Distribution demography and behavioural ecology of mixed species troops of Bonnet Macaques Macacaradiata and Rhesus Macaques Macacamulatta in Peninsular India;.

Degree: – , 2012, Manipal University

URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/5013

None

References p. 196-227

Advisors/Committee Members: Sinha, Anindya.

Subjects/Keywords: Bonnet Macaques; Macacaradiata; Rhesus Macaques; Macacamulatta

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kumar, R. (2012). Distribution demography and behavioural ecology of mixed species troops of Bonnet Macaques Macacaradiata and Rhesus Macaques Macacamulatta in Peninsular India;. (Thesis). Manipal University. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/5013

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kumar, Rishi. “Distribution demography and behavioural ecology of mixed species troops of Bonnet Macaques Macacaradiata and Rhesus Macaques Macacamulatta in Peninsular India;.” 2012. Thesis, Manipal University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/5013.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kumar, Rishi. “Distribution demography and behavioural ecology of mixed species troops of Bonnet Macaques Macacaradiata and Rhesus Macaques Macacamulatta in Peninsular India;.” 2012. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kumar R. Distribution demography and behavioural ecology of mixed species troops of Bonnet Macaques Macacaradiata and Rhesus Macaques Macacamulatta in Peninsular India;. [Internet] [Thesis]. Manipal University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/5013.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kumar R. Distribution demography and behavioural ecology of mixed species troops of Bonnet Macaques Macacaradiata and Rhesus Macaques Macacamulatta in Peninsular India;. [Thesis]. Manipal University; 2012. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/5013

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

NSYSU

9. Chen, Li-Ming. Vocal patterns in wild Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis).

Degree: Master, Biological Sciences, 2001, NSYSU

URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0628101-145816

► ABSTRACT Field observation and of sound recording of Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis) at Mt. Longevity were conducted from Oct. 1999 to Oct. 2000. Spectrographic analyses… (more)

▼ ABSTRACT Field observation and of sound recording of Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis) at Mt. Longevity were conducted from Oct. 1999 to Oct. 2000. Spectrographic analyses revealed at least 25 basic patterns with 32 different vocal types from a total of 375 hrs recordings (55 hrs for scan sampling and 320 hrs for focal animal sampling). The three most frequent calls in overall vocal repertoire were coo calls (18.59%), hack (17.78%) and contact rattle (11.85%). The other calls included squeak (11.34%), noise and undulated scream (6.61%), sneeze (4.54%), greeting (3.77%), squeal (3.41%), vibrato growl (3.02%), growl (2.86%), cluck (2.54%), female copulation call (2.45%), squawk (2.14%), tonal scream (2.03%), alarm call (1.74%), threat rattle (1.66%), chuckle (0.92%), rise (0.61%), weeping (0.56%), male copulation call (0.32%), babble (0.30%), whine (0.29%), roar (0.27%), bark (0.24%) and mounting grunt (0.15%). Formosan macaques employ a complex vocal system composed of discrete signals as well as graded signals which vocal patterns connected by intermediate gradations. Discrete signal included coo call, greeting, contact rattle, mounting grunt, two copulation calls, babble, whine, weeping. Whereas the graded signals included the aggressive signals (threat rattle, growl, bark, roar, vibrato growl and alarm call), chuckle, the submissive signals (noise and undulated scream, squeal, tonal scream and squeak) and the distress signals (squawk, hack, cluck and sneeze). According to the context of emission, some of vocalizations could be divided into: (1) Affiliative contact calls: The calls, as the coo calls, greeting and contact rattles, may be summarized as affinitive contact calls for reduction and/or maintenance of close proximity between group members. (2) Aggressive calls: The growls, threat rattles and vibrato growls were uttered by dominant animals menacing sub-dominate group mates, members of other groups or other species. (3) Submissive calls: these submissive calls (including the various form of scream, squeal and squeak) with obviously structure differences. Male and female copulation calls and alarm call of M. cyclopis were clearly related to particular interactions or specific external stimulus. The acoustic structures might be influenced by specific social factors, motivation or the arousal state of the callers. The acoustic structure of submissive calls was associated with the aggression with or without physical contact. Noise and undulated scream were usually used in aggressive interactions with physical contact (68%), whereas squeal, tonal scream and two types of squeak were used without physical contact (75%). Age specific difference of vocal behavior seemed to more pronounced than asymmetries between the sexes. Infants have the highest vocal rate (1142.2 vocalizations/10 h) and relative frequency of vocalization (44.58 %) than other age/sex classes and they decreased from infants to adults. With increasing age, visual signals could not only complement vocal signals but also replace the vocal cues. The… Advisors/Committee Members: none (committee member), none (chair), none (chair).

Subjects/Keywords: Formosan macaques; vocal pattern

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chen, L. (2001). Vocal patterns in wild Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis). (Thesis). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0628101-145816

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chen, Li-Ming. “Vocal patterns in wild Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis).” 2001. Thesis, NSYSU. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0628101-145816.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chen, Li-Ming. “Vocal patterns in wild Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis).” 2001. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Chen L. Vocal patterns in wild Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis). [Internet] [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2001. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0628101-145816.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chen L. Vocal patterns in wild Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis). [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2001. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0628101-145816

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Rochester

10. Blanchard, Tommy C.; Hayden, Benjamin Y. Value computations and representations.

Degree: PhD, 2015, University of Rochester

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/29606

► We make numerous decisions in everyday life, from what to eat to what projects to work on. Decision theorists have posited that we compute a… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Anterior cingulate cortex; Bounded rationality; Decision making; Orbitofrontal cortex; Rhesus macaques

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APA (6^th Edition):

Blanchard, Tommy C.; Hayden, B. Y. (2015). Value computations and representations. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Rochester. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1802/29606

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Blanchard, Tommy C.; Hayden, Benjamin Y. “Value computations and representations.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Rochester. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1802/29606.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Blanchard, Tommy C.; Hayden, Benjamin Y. “Value computations and representations.” 2015. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Blanchard, Tommy C.; Hayden BY. Value computations and representations. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Rochester; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/29606.

Council of Science Editors:

Blanchard, Tommy C.; Hayden BY. Value computations and representations. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Rochester; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/29606

Université de Montréal

11. Dubuc, Constance. Contournement de l'ordre de dominance en réponse à la compétition alimentaire chez le macaque crabier (Macaca fascicularis).

Degree: 2004, Université de Montréal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14255

Subjects/Keywords: Anthropologie; Primatologie; Macaques; Compétition; Dominance

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dubuc, C. (2004). Contournement de l'ordre de dominance en réponse à la compétition alimentaire chez le macaque crabier (Macaca fascicularis). (Thesis). Université de Montréal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14255

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dubuc, Constance. “Contournement de l'ordre de dominance en réponse à la compétition alimentaire chez le macaque crabier (Macaca fascicularis).” 2004. Thesis, Université de Montréal. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14255.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dubuc, Constance. “Contournement de l'ordre de dominance en réponse à la compétition alimentaire chez le macaque crabier (Macaca fascicularis).” 2004. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Dubuc C. Contournement de l'ordre de dominance en réponse à la compétition alimentaire chez le macaque crabier (Macaca fascicularis). [Internet] [Thesis]. Université de Montréal; 2004. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14255.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Dubuc C. Contournement de l'ordre de dominance en réponse à la compétition alimentaire chez le macaque crabier (Macaca fascicularis). [Thesis]. Université de Montréal; 2004. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14255

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Brigham Young University

12. Bassett, Ashley Mariah Sproul. Factors Contributing to Premature Maternal Rejection and Its Effects on Offspring.

Degree: MS, 2010, Brigham Young University

URL: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3566&context=etd

► Typically, rhesus mothers begin rejecting their infants' attempts to nurse when the infants are approximately three months of age in order to begin the process… (more)

▼ Typically, rhesus mothers begin rejecting their infants' attempts to nurse when the infants are approximately three months of age in order to begin the process of weaning. A small subgroup of mothers begin rejecting their infants earlier, at one or two months of age, typically before infants seek and maintain independence from their mother. The effects of this early maternal rejection on the development of infants and some potential factors that contribute to premature maternal rejection were explored in this study. Infants who were rejected early were hypothesized to subsequently spend less time in positive contact with their mother, have lower activity levels, were groomed less by their mother and, as a consequence of the maternal rejections, display a higher frequency of aggression toward other group members when compared to infants experiencing maternal rejection after the age-typical, three months of age. Mothers who were primiparous and/or had a poor early-rearing experience were hypothesized to be more likely to reject their infants prematurely. Consistent with these hypotheses, infants who were rejected early spent less time on their mother's ventrum and were groomed less by their mother, suggesting that early maternal rejection may lead to less positive mother-infant interactions and a more distant mother-infant relationship. Infants rejected early were also more likely engage in aggression. Given the punitive nature of the maternal rejection, the results suggest that aggression is transmitted from mother to infant through their interactions. Prematurely rejected infants were found to spend significantly more time in a passive, withdrawn behavioral state. When assessing the causes of premature rejections, primiparous mothers were not more likely to prematurely reject their infants, indicating that premature rejection was not simply a lack of experience with an infant. There was evidence that the mothers engaging in early rejection had poor early-rearing experiences, with surrogate-peer-reared mothers showing more early rejections than those who were reared by an adult female, and with mothers who were peer-reared having higher rates of rejection overall. The present results suggest that early rejection is associated with more difficult mother-infant relationships and may lead to increased likelihood of aggression in infants.

Subjects/Keywords: aggression; mother-infant relationship; maternal care; rejection; rhesus macaques; Psychology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bassett, A. M. S. (2010). Factors Contributing to Premature Maternal Rejection and Its Effects on Offspring. (Masters Thesis). Brigham Young University. Retrieved from https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3566&context=etd

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bassett, Ashley Mariah Sproul. “Factors Contributing to Premature Maternal Rejection and Its Effects on Offspring.” 2010. Masters Thesis, Brigham Young University. Accessed April 14, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3566&context=etd.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bassett, Ashley Mariah Sproul. “Factors Contributing to Premature Maternal Rejection and Its Effects on Offspring.” 2010. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Bassett AMS. Factors Contributing to Premature Maternal Rejection and Its Effects on Offspring. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Brigham Young University; 2010. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3566&context=etd.

Council of Science Editors:

Bassett AMS. Factors Contributing to Premature Maternal Rejection and Its Effects on Offspring. [Masters Thesis]. Brigham Young University; 2010. Available from: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3566&context=etd

University of Cambridge

13. van Coeverden, Charlotte Ramona. Understanding Social Behaviour - Macaque behaviour in coordination and cooperation games and the encoding of inequity in striatum.

Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Cambridge

URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267821

► Social behaviours have been widely studied in behavioural economics and psychology. However, the origins of these behaviours in the brain are poorly understood. In this… (more)

▼ Social behaviours have been widely studied in behavioural economics and psychology. However, the origins of these behaviours in the brain are poorly understood. In this dissertation I will discuss two main avenues of study which constituted separate projects during my PhD candidacy. The first section contains experiments in which I collaborated with Dr Raymundo Báez-Mendoza on the topic of inequity. The second part includes a study on coordination and cooperation behaviour in macaques. Inequity is a concept ubiquitous in daily life. It is the difference between one’s own reward and that of another. There have been several studies that have suggested inequity affects brain activity. However, few studies have touched upon how this parameter is incorporated in neuronal activity. In the experiments that will be described here, monkeys (Macaca mulatta) performed actions to obtain rewards for both themselves and another. The level of inequity in these rewards was manipulated by varying the magnitude of own and other’s rewards. We then proceeded to study neuronal activity by means of single neuron recordings in the striatum of two macaques. We found that inequity modulated task related activity in about 32% of recorded striatal neurons. In addition to this study on inequity we also recorded some sessions in which one of the animals made choices with varying rewards for self and other. From these results, I attempted to characterise behaviour with regards to own reward and inequity in choice situations. Inequity has been considered a contributing factor in explaining cooperation behaviour. Coordination and cooperation are important and frequently observed behaviours. To study coordination and cooperation, I designed an experiment in which the combination of two monkeys’ choices determined the rewards for both animals. In this dissertation I attempt to address how the animals perform combined choices (playing together vs. alone) as well as the nature of their behaviour (e.g. pro-social vs. self-interested). The aim of this work was to characterise what type of information the animals use to solve these tasks. This is vital if one is to study these concepts in the brain using macaques as a model. In summary, this work contributes to a better understanding of social behaviour and provides an example of how this social behaviour is computed in the brain.

Subjects/Keywords: Social behaviour; macaques; coordination games; cooperative games; striatum; inequity

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APA (6^th Edition):

van Coeverden, C. R. (2017). Understanding Social Behaviour - Macaque behaviour in coordination and cooperation games and the encoding of inequity in striatum. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Cambridge. Retrieved from https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267821

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

van Coeverden, Charlotte Ramona. “Understanding Social Behaviour - Macaque behaviour in coordination and cooperation games and the encoding of inequity in striatum.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cambridge. Accessed April 14, 2021. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267821.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

van Coeverden, Charlotte Ramona. “Understanding Social Behaviour - Macaque behaviour in coordination and cooperation games and the encoding of inequity in striatum.” 2017. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

van Coeverden CR. Understanding Social Behaviour - Macaque behaviour in coordination and cooperation games and the encoding of inequity in striatum. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267821.

Council of Science Editors:

van Coeverden CR. Understanding Social Behaviour - Macaque behaviour in coordination and cooperation games and the encoding of inequity in striatum. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2017. Available from: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267821

Boston University

14. Arias, Christian Fernando. Characterization of CD49A+ NK cells in SIV/SHIV-infected rhesus macaques.

Degree: MS, Medical Sciences, 2019, Boston University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/38596

► BACKGROUND: Natural killer (NK) cells are traditionally considered part of the innate immune system but have recently been shown to possess adaptive qualities similar to… (more)

▼ BACKGROUND: Natural killer (NK) cells are traditionally considered part of the innate immune system but have recently been shown to possess adaptive qualities similar to T cells in response to an infection with a pathogen. In addition to possessing adaptive features, NK cells have also been found to reside in different organs such as the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes and differ based on phenotypic markers and their responses to different cytokines. Utilizing these findings, several groups have isolated and identified CD49a as a marker for tissue-resident NK cells. In the liver, CD49a has also been shown to be a positive indicator for NK cell memory-like responses in murine models. Building off work that demonstrated antigen-specific responses in rhesus macaques, this project focuses on characterizing the phenotypic markers and functional profile of CD49a+ NK cells in non-human primates. To better understand the role of CD49a in memory-like NK cells outside of the liver, this project utilized spleen samples from rhesus macaques infected with SIV/SHIV. This work aims to help us better understand the dysfunction NK cells experience as a result of HIV-1 infection in humans and also to demonstrate the changes NK cells experience as the disease progresses. A thorough understanding of the adaptive capabilities of NK cells can pave the way for targeted therapies to increase NK cell antiviral activity in HIV and other infections. METHODS: To characterize the functional and phenotypic profiles of CD49a+ NK cells by multiparameter flow cytometry, thirteen samples of spleen from rhesus macaques were thawed and then stained with two different protocols. A phenotyping protocol involved staining with antibodies against surface markers as well as intracellular markers T-Bet and Eomes. For the functional characterization protocol, the same thirteen samples were stained intracellularly after being stimulated with a cocktail of PMA and ionomyocin. The antibodies used in this were for functional markers. Of the thirteen samples used, six were infected with SHIVSF162P3, two were infected with SIVmac239X, and the remaining five were uninfected. After staining, these samples were analyzed on an BD LSRII from BD Biosciences. The data obtained were then analyzed using FlowJo software to study NK cells, which were characterized as CD45+CD14-CD20-CD3-CD159+. RESULTS: The analysis compared NK cells with T cells, B cells, and NKB cells. Some increases were seen among CD49a+ NK cells in the frequency of CD336+ (NCR2/NKp44), CD337+ (NKp30), and CD366+ (Tim-3) after infection. Although there were some mild increases in CD107a and TNF- in infected samples compared to uninfected, a significant increase was observed in the frequency of IFN-ɣ among infected CD49a+ NK cells compared to uninfected. CONCLUSION: When comparing samples that were infected vs uninfected, it appears there were some mild decreases after infection in the ratio of NK cells to other lymphocytes. In addition, there did not appear to be a significant increase in the… Advisors/Committee Members: Reeves, Roger K. (advisor), Taylor, Andrew W. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Immunology; CD49a; HIV; Natural killer cells; NK cells; Rhesus macaques; SIV

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APA (6^th Edition):

Arias, C. F. (2019). Characterization of CD49A+ NK cells in SIV/SHIV-infected rhesus macaques. (Masters Thesis). Boston University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2144/38596

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Arias, Christian Fernando. “Characterization of CD49A+ NK cells in SIV/SHIV-infected rhesus macaques.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Boston University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2144/38596.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Arias, Christian Fernando. “Characterization of CD49A+ NK cells in SIV/SHIV-infected rhesus macaques.” 2019. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Arias CF. Characterization of CD49A+ NK cells in SIV/SHIV-infected rhesus macaques. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Boston University; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/38596.

Council of Science Editors:

Arias CF. Characterization of CD49A+ NK cells in SIV/SHIV-infected rhesus macaques. [Masters Thesis]. Boston University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/38596

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

15. Wong, Che-lok. Studies on the feral macaques of Hong Kong.

Degree: 1994, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

URL: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-3809 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b447468 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-3809/1/th_redirect.html

► The feral macaques in Hong Kong have been a problem since the late 1970's. Nuisances have always been reported. Prior to the construction and implementation… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Macaques – China – Hong Kong

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wong, C. (1994). Studies on the feral macaques of Hong Kong. (Thesis). Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-3809 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b447468 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-3809/1/th_redirect.html

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wong, Che-lok. “Studies on the feral macaques of Hong Kong.” 1994. Thesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-3809 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b447468 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-3809/1/th_redirect.html.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wong, Che-lok. “Studies on the feral macaques of Hong Kong.” 1994. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Wong C. Studies on the feral macaques of Hong Kong. [Internet] [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 1994. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-3809 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b447468 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-3809/1/th_redirect.html.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wong C. Studies on the feral macaques of Hong Kong. [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 1994. Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-3809 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b447468 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-3809/1/th_redirect.html

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Western Ontario

16. Gilhooly, Lauren J. Ethnoprimatology and Nature-Based Tourism: An Exploration of Macaque Ecology and Behaviour at the Sepilok Orang-utan Rehabilitation Center in Sabah, Malaysia.

Degree: 2020, University of Western Ontario

URL: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/6868

► A rise in tourism revenue worldwide has included an increase in the number of travellers seeking experiences with the natural world. Commonly referred to as… (more)

▼ A rise in tourism revenue worldwide has included an increase in the number of travellers seeking experiences with the natural world. Commonly referred to as ecotourists, these visitors typically hail from Western countries and favour locations that allow them to connect with nature in ways that they consider sustainable and ethical. However well-meaning, these ecotourist ventures are complex because, while tourism revenue may help protect fragile ecosystems, an increase in tourists can expose local fauna to potentially deadly diseases. Primates are a salient example of this double-edged sword because they are a popular attraction among travellers, meaning they may benefit from increased habitat protection while being at risk from disease transmission via humans. The aim of this project was to explore impacts of ecotourism on a wild group of hybrid macaques (Macaca fascicularis x M. nemestrina) that live alongside two wildlife rehabilitation centers in Sepilok, Malaysia. I used several methodological approaches to assess the experiences of visitors to the centers, as well as the impact of tourists on macaque aggression and feeding and ranging behavior. I also measured the parasite species richness and prevalence of helminths from faecal samples collected during full-day follows. Most visitors to Sepilok were motivated by a desire to see orang-utans and were largely unaware of the risks of disease transmission. Visitor-directed aggression from macaques was less frequent and less intense when compared to other tourist sites throughout Asia. The macaques frequently fed on provisions intended for the rehabilitating wildlife and rested more after doing so. The group tended to avoid the tourist area during peak visiting hours but still spent a considerable amount of time in close proximity to visitors. Parasite species richness among the macaques appeared low compared to other sites. This research highlights some of the complications associated with nature-based tourism that is intended to support conservation. Curtailing undesirable tourist behavior is difficult, but these results demonstrate that successful education and staff supervision can have tangible effects on primate well-being by reducing direct contact with humans while also providing supplemental nutrition that can bolster immune function.

Subjects/Keywords: Ethnoprimatology; Tourism; Human-Wildlife Interactions; Macaques; Disease; Biological and Physical Anthropology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gilhooly, L. J. (2020). Ethnoprimatology and Nature-Based Tourism: An Exploration of Macaque Ecology and Behaviour at the Sepilok Orang-utan Rehabilitation Center in Sabah, Malaysia. (Thesis). University of Western Ontario. Retrieved from https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/6868

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gilhooly, Lauren J. “Ethnoprimatology and Nature-Based Tourism: An Exploration of Macaque Ecology and Behaviour at the Sepilok Orang-utan Rehabilitation Center in Sabah, Malaysia.” 2020. Thesis, University of Western Ontario. Accessed April 14, 2021. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/6868.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gilhooly, Lauren J. “Ethnoprimatology and Nature-Based Tourism: An Exploration of Macaque Ecology and Behaviour at the Sepilok Orang-utan Rehabilitation Center in Sabah, Malaysia.” 2020. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Gilhooly LJ. Ethnoprimatology and Nature-Based Tourism: An Exploration of Macaque Ecology and Behaviour at the Sepilok Orang-utan Rehabilitation Center in Sabah, Malaysia. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/6868.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Gilhooly LJ. Ethnoprimatology and Nature-Based Tourism: An Exploration of Macaque Ecology and Behaviour at the Sepilok Orang-utan Rehabilitation Center in Sabah, Malaysia. [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2020. Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/6868

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Notre Dame

17. Kelly Elizabeth Lane. Landscape Dynamics: Genetics and Parasitism in Balinese Long-tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)</h1>.

Degree: Biological Sciences, 2011, University of Notre Dame

URL: https://curate.nd.edu/show/dv13zs2827z

► The impact of the landscape, especially a complex, anthropogenic landscape, on wildlife populations is substantial, influencing reproductive success and fitness, dispersal ability, pathogen exposure… (more)

▼ The impact of the landscape, especially a complex, anthropogenic landscape, on wildlife populations is substantial, influencing reproductive success and fitness, dispersal ability, pathogen exposure risk, resource availability, and ultimately, population success. On the island of Bali, humans shape their environment and the environment of populations of long-tailed macaques. Here, I examine how this long-term anthropogenic alteration to the landscape affects the population structure and pathogen transmission patterns of 15 populations of long-tailed macaques. First, the environment of Bali is analyzed and partitioned into 3 major components - the anthropogenic, the mixed environment, and the non-anthropogenic components. Using traditional parasitological techniques, I show that the anthropogenic landscape is significant in determining the pattern of pathogen success of both individual parasite species and the community of gut parasites. Next, genotyping and subsequent analysis of the landscape genetics across macaque populations reveals the anthropogenic landscape as a significant driver in shaping the population structure of macaques, serving as a force of both homogenization and fragmentation. Finally, in an effort to understand the effects of this anthropogenic landscape on dispersal patterns and pathogen transmission potentials, an agent-based model was developed and tested, with which it was determined that landscape complexity is significant in determining host dispersal and is a significant barrier to between-population transmission of highly virulent pathogens. While it is clear that the landscape is important to wildlife population connectivity, this research demonstrates the significance of humans, as a landscape component and developer, in shaping the ecology of the macaque. Advisors/Committee Members: Nora Besansky, Committee Member, Agustin Fuentes, Committee Co-Chair, Jeanne Romero-Severson, Committee Member, Hope Hollocher, Committee Co-Chair, Mary Ann McDowell, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: parasitology; macaques; landscape genetics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lane, K. E. (2011). Landscape Dynamics: Genetics and Parasitism in Balinese Long-tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)</h1>. (Thesis). University of Notre Dame. Retrieved from https://curate.nd.edu/show/dv13zs2827z

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lane, Kelly Elizabeth. “Landscape Dynamics: Genetics and Parasitism in Balinese Long-tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)</h1>.” 2011. Thesis, University of Notre Dame. Accessed April 14, 2021. https://curate.nd.edu/show/dv13zs2827z.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lane, Kelly Elizabeth. “Landscape Dynamics: Genetics and Parasitism in Balinese Long-tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)</h1>.” 2011. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Lane KE. Landscape Dynamics: Genetics and Parasitism in Balinese Long-tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)</h1>. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Notre Dame; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: https://curate.nd.edu/show/dv13zs2827z.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lane KE. Landscape Dynamics: Genetics and Parasitism in Balinese Long-tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)</h1>. [Thesis]. University of Notre Dame; 2011. Available from: https://curate.nd.edu/show/dv13zs2827z

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Melbourne

18. Peut, Vivienne Mary. Utility of envelope T cells in preventing AIDS: HIV-1 and SIV envelope-specific T cells: controlling HIV-1 and SIV infection in pigtail macaques and their utility as a T cell immunogen.

Degree: 2008, University of Melbourne

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/39567

► HIV/AIDS annually kills millions of people worldwide. Those claimed by the disease are quickly replaced by those newly infected. Three times as many new infections… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Env; CTL; pigtail macaques; escape

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APA (6^th Edition):

Peut, V. M. (2008). Utility of envelope T cells in preventing AIDS: HIV-1 and SIV envelope-specific T cells: controlling HIV-1 and SIV infection in pigtail macaques and their utility as a T cell immunogen. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Melbourne. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11343/39567

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Peut, Vivienne Mary. “Utility of envelope T cells in preventing AIDS: HIV-1 and SIV envelope-specific T cells: controlling HIV-1 and SIV infection in pigtail macaques and their utility as a T cell immunogen.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Melbourne. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11343/39567.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Peut, Vivienne Mary. “Utility of envelope T cells in preventing AIDS: HIV-1 and SIV envelope-specific T cells: controlling HIV-1 and SIV infection in pigtail macaques and their utility as a T cell immunogen.” 2008. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Peut VM. Utility of envelope T cells in preventing AIDS: HIV-1 and SIV envelope-specific T cells: controlling HIV-1 and SIV infection in pigtail macaques and their utility as a T cell immunogen. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2008. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/39567.

Council of Science Editors:

Peut VM. Utility of envelope T cells in preventing AIDS: HIV-1 and SIV envelope-specific T cells: controlling HIV-1 and SIV infection in pigtail macaques and their utility as a T cell immunogen. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/39567

University of Melbourne

19. REECE, JEANETTE CAROLINE. Immune escape from Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV): implications for vaccination and tracking latent virus.

Degree: 2013, University of Melbourne

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/38585

► Background: Despite the urgency, a safe and effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine does not exist. Virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are important in modulating… (more)

▼ Background: Despite the urgency, a safe and effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine does not exist. Virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are important in modulating HIV disease progression. However, a major obstacle to effective CTL responses is the emergence of viral escape. The development of innovative vaccines that induce efficient CTLs at the mucosa, limit viral replication and prevent the emergence of viral escape is a major priority to curb the spread of HIV-1. An equally important challenge is the development of strategies to cure individuals of HIV-1. Many clinical trials aimed at reactivating and eliminating HIV-1 from the latent reservoir are currently underway. Studying the precise kinetics of establishment and turnover of the latent reservoir may provide valuable information for optimising eradication strategies. Methods: Two vaccine trials were performed to study the efficacy of novel attenuated influenza vaccines expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) CTL antigens in pigtail macaques. Initially, a total of 22 macaques were inoculated with either recombinant viral vectors expressing whole SIV Gag protein or recombinant influenza viruses expressing the single immunodominant epitope Gag KP9 epitope. In the second vaccine trial, 10 macaques were inoculated with recombinant influenza viruses expressing immunodominant CTL epitopes Gag KP9, Tat KVA10 and Tat KSA10 and 5 control macaques received wild-type influenza viruses only. Viral loads, peripheral CD4+ T cells and epitope-specific CTLs were measured following challenge with pathogenic SIVmac251 in both trials. Pyrosequencing of plasma RNA was used to track viral escape at the 3 CTL epitopes and identify the emergence of putative compensatory mutations. For latent reservoir studies, 20 Mane-A1*084:01+ pigtail macaques infected with SIVmac251 with varying chronic viral loads were examined. The establishment and turnover of latent resting CD4+ T cell SIV DNA was estimated using the “escape clock”. This concept compares escape at the signature CTL Gag KP9 epitope in serial plasma SIV RNA with escape at the same epitope in serial resting CD4+ T cell SIV DNA samples. Results: Influenza viruses expressing either a single CTL epitope (KP9) or three CTL epitopes (KP9, KVA10 and KSA10) induced detectable but modest virus-specific CTL responses in macaques. Following challenge with SIVmac251, no control of viremia was observed and rapid escape at KP9 and KVA10 epitopes emerged in vaccinees. The rapid emergence of a putative compensatory mutation, V145A, linked to KP9 escape was also identified. The “escape clock”, examining KP9 escape in plasma SIV RNA and resting CD4+ T cell SIV DNA, found that at high chronic viral loads the turnover of resting CD4+ T cell SIV DNA was unexpectedly high. At low chronic viral…

Subjects/Keywords: SIV; latent virus; resting CD4+ T cells; vaccination; pigtail macaques

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

REECE, J. C. (2013). Immune escape from Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV): implications for vaccination and tracking latent virus. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Melbourne. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11343/38585

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

REECE, JEANETTE CAROLINE. “Immune escape from Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV): implications for vaccination and tracking latent virus.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Melbourne. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11343/38585.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

REECE, JEANETTE CAROLINE. “Immune escape from Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV): implications for vaccination and tracking latent virus.” 2013. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

REECE JC. Immune escape from Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV): implications for vaccination and tracking latent virus. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/38585.

Council of Science Editors:

REECE JC. Immune escape from Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV): implications for vaccination and tracking latent virus. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/38585

20. Moore, Carrie. Identification of the peptide-binding motif recognized by the pigtail macaque class I MHC molecule Mane-A1*082:01 (Mane A*0301) .

Degree: 2012, California State University – San Marcos

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.8/153

► Indian Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) have long dominated HIV/AIDs infection research as a non-human primate animal model of human disease. Due to a 1978 ban… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: MHC; Macaques; peptide binding motif; Tcell epitope; Class I

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Moore, C. (2012). Identification of the peptide-binding motif recognized by the pigtail macaque class I MHC molecule Mane-A1*082:01 (Mane A*0301) . (Thesis). California State University – San Marcos. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10211.8/153

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Moore, Carrie. “Identification of the peptide-binding motif recognized by the pigtail macaque class I MHC molecule Mane-A1*082:01 (Mane A*0301) .” 2012. Thesis, California State University – San Marcos. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10211.8/153.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Moore, Carrie. “Identification of the peptide-binding motif recognized by the pigtail macaque class I MHC molecule Mane-A1*082:01 (Mane A*0301) .” 2012. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Moore C. Identification of the peptide-binding motif recognized by the pigtail macaque class I MHC molecule Mane-A1*082:01 (Mane A*0301) . [Internet] [Thesis]. California State University – San Marcos; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.8/153.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Moore C. Identification of the peptide-binding motif recognized by the pigtail macaque class I MHC molecule Mane-A1*082:01 (Mane A*0301) . [Thesis]. California State University – San Marcos; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.8/153

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Hong Kong

21. Cheng, Wai-wa, Wellem. A review of the management measures of feral macaques in Hong Kong.

Degree: 2014, University of Hong Kong

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207647

► Macaques are valuable assets with conservation importance, which provides numerous benefits in ecological, economic and cultural aspects. Nevertheless, they also cause nuisances to humans worldwide… (more)

▼ Macaques are valuable assets with conservation importance, which provides numerous benefits in ecological, economic and cultural aspects. Nevertheless, they also cause nuisances to humans worldwide including aggressive behavior, crop raiding, zoonotic disease transmission and adverse impacts on the environment. A number of management measures has been implemented such as population control and translocation. In Hong Kong, the authority currently implements diversion i.e. feeding ban and population control by reducing fertility i.e. contraceptive program as major macaque management measures. This study aimed to review and evaluate the macaque management measures in Hong Kong i.e. feeding ban and contraceptive program, with emphasis on macaque population dynamics, human-macaque interactions, human provisioning and macaque nuisance cases received by the authority. Macaque population data was retrieved from previous literatures and reports. Human-macaque interactions and human provisioning were studied by observations at four prime areas of these interactions. Number of macaque nuisance cases was obtained from the authority. It was found that feeding ban was effective in controlling human provisioning. The number of feeders and quantity of provisioned food monthly dropped by 91.3% and 90.5% respectively, after 15-year implementation of feeding ban. However, it seems not effective in reducing population growth and aggressive behaviors of macaques. On the other hand, population control by large-scale contraceptive program, which was launched in 2008, was found effective. The macaque abundance in surveyed heterosexual groups was reduced by 9.6% between 2010 and 2012 while proportion of juveniles and infants decreased to 37% in 2012 from 50% in 2010. Besides, there was steady decrease in macaque birth rate from 68.9% in 2008 to 30.2% in 2012. In addition, the number of nuisance cases received also shows a decreasing trend after implementation of contraceptive program. A total of 756 human-macaque interactions were observed during 128 hrs observation. The rate of human-macaque interactions and macaque aggressive behavior are 5.91 and 0.89 interactions per hour respectively. Both rates are not at high level when compared to the overseas studies. Over 87% of all human-macaque interactions occurred in the context of feeding. It implies that alteration in human behavior toward macaques such as not feeding them could reduce most of the human-macaque interactions in Hong Kong. This study concludes that feeding ban and contraceptive program are effective in controlling human provisioning and macaque population respectively. However, human-macaque interactions including aggressive behaviors cannot be reduced and eliminated, thus posing a risk of zoonotic disease transmission between human and macaque. Law enforcement should be strengthened to further eradicate human provisioning and prevent physical contact with macaques. Further researches should be carried out to study zoonotic disease from macaques and macaque ecology…

Subjects/Keywords: Macaques - China - Hong Kong

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Cheng, Wai-wa, W. (2014). A review of the management measures of feral macaques in Hong Kong. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207647

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cheng, Wai-wa, Wellem. “A review of the management measures of feral macaques in Hong Kong.” 2014. Thesis, University of Hong Kong. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207647.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cheng, Wai-wa, Wellem. “A review of the management measures of feral macaques in Hong Kong.” 2014. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Cheng, Wai-wa W. A review of the management measures of feral macaques in Hong Kong. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207647.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cheng, Wai-wa W. A review of the management measures of feral macaques in Hong Kong. [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207647

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cambridge

22. van Coeverden, Charlotte Ramona. Understanding social behaviour : macaque behaviour in coordination and cooperation games and the encoding of inequity in striatum.

Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Cambridge

URL: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.13745 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.725556

► Social behaviours have been widely studied in behavioural economics and psychology. However, the origins of these behaviours in the brain are poorly understood. In this… (more)

▼ Social behaviours have been widely studied in behavioural economics and psychology. However, the origins of these behaviours in the brain are poorly understood. In this dissertation I will discuss two main avenues of study which constituted separate projects during my PhD candidacy. The first section contains experiments in which I collaborated with Dr Raymundo Báez-Mendoza on the topic of inequity. The second part includes a study on coordination and cooperation behaviour in macaques. Inequity is a concept ubiquitous in daily life. It is the difference between one’s own reward and that of another. There have been several studies that have suggested inequity affects brain activity. However, few studies have touched upon how this parameter is incorporated in neuronal activity. In the experiments that will be described here, monkeys (Macaca mulatta) performed actions to obtain rewards for both themselves and another. The level of inequity in these rewards was manipulated by varying the magnitude of own and other’s rewards. We then proceeded to study neuronal activity by means of single neuron recordings in the striatum of two macaques. We found that inequity modulated task related activity in about 32% of recorded striatal neurons. In addition to this study on inequity we also recorded some sessions in which one of the animals made choices with varying rewards for self and other. From these results, I attempted to characterise behaviour with regards to own reward and inequity in choice situations. Inequity has been considered a contributing factor in explaining cooperation behaviour. Coordination and cooperation are important and frequently observed behaviours. To study coordination and cooperation, I designed an experiment in which the combination of two monkeys’ choices determined the rewards for both animals. In this dissertation I attempt to address how the animals perform combined choices (playing together vs. alone) as well as the nature of their behaviour (e.g. pro-social vs. self-interested). The aim of this work was to characterise what type of information the animals use to solve these tasks. This is vital if one is to study these concepts in the brain using macaques as a model. In summary, this work contributes to a better understanding of social behaviour and provides an example of how this social behaviour is computed in the brain.

Subjects/Keywords: 599.8; Social behaviour; macaques; coordination games; cooperative games; striatum; inequity

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

van Coeverden, C. R. (2017). Understanding social behaviour : macaque behaviour in coordination and cooperation games and the encoding of inequity in striatum. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Cambridge. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.13745 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.725556

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

van Coeverden, Charlotte Ramona. “Understanding social behaviour : macaque behaviour in coordination and cooperation games and the encoding of inequity in striatum.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cambridge. Accessed April 14, 2021. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.13745 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.725556.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

van Coeverden, Charlotte Ramona. “Understanding social behaviour : macaque behaviour in coordination and cooperation games and the encoding of inequity in striatum.” 2017. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

van Coeverden CR. Understanding social behaviour : macaque behaviour in coordination and cooperation games and the encoding of inequity in striatum. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.13745 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.725556.

Council of Science Editors:

van Coeverden CR. Understanding social behaviour : macaque behaviour in coordination and cooperation games and the encoding of inequity in striatum. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2017. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.13745 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.725556

University of Oklahoma

23. Oakes, Ellen R. The determinants of social status in a colony of female Macaca speciosa.

Degree: PhD, 1967, University of Oklahoma

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/2215

Subjects/Keywords: Primates Behavior.; Macaques.; Psychology, Clinical.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Oakes, E. R. (1967). The determinants of social status in a colony of female Macaca speciosa. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oklahoma. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/2215

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Oakes, Ellen R. “The determinants of social status in a colony of female Macaca speciosa.” 1967. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oklahoma. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/2215.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Oakes, Ellen R. “The determinants of social status in a colony of female Macaca speciosa.” 1967. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Oakes ER. The determinants of social status in a colony of female Macaca speciosa. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oklahoma; 1967. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/2215.

Council of Science Editors:

Oakes ER. The determinants of social status in a colony of female Macaca speciosa. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oklahoma; 1967. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/2215

University of Pennsylvania

24. Christison-Lagay, Kate Longstaff. The Neural and Behavioral Correlates of Auditory Streaming.

Degree: 2015, University of Pennsylvania

URL: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1657

► Perceptual representations of auditory stimuli—which are called auditory streams or objects—are derived from the auditory system's ability to segregate and group stimuli based upon spectral,… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: A1; auditory processing; macaques; perception; streaming; Neuroscience and Neurobiology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Christison-Lagay, K. L. (2015). The Neural and Behavioral Correlates of Auditory Streaming. (Thesis). University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved from https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1657

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Christison-Lagay, Kate Longstaff. “The Neural and Behavioral Correlates of Auditory Streaming.” 2015. Thesis, University of Pennsylvania. Accessed April 14, 2021. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1657.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Christison-Lagay, Kate Longstaff. “The Neural and Behavioral Correlates of Auditory Streaming.” 2015. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Christison-Lagay KL. The Neural and Behavioral Correlates of Auditory Streaming. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Pennsylvania; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1657.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Christison-Lagay KL. The Neural and Behavioral Correlates of Auditory Streaming. [Thesis]. University of Pennsylvania; 2015. Available from: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1657

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Michigan State University

25. Jewett, Dennis Allen, 1943-. Reproductive biology of Macaca fascicularis.

Degree: MS, Dept. of Physiology, 1971, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:9383

Subjects/Keywords: Macaques; Monkeys – Physiology; Reproduction

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Jewett, Dennis Allen, 1. (1971). Reproductive biology of Macaca fascicularis. (Masters Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:9383

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jewett, Dennis Allen, 1943-. “Reproductive biology of Macaca fascicularis.” 1971. Masters Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:9383.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jewett, Dennis Allen, 1943-. “Reproductive biology of Macaca fascicularis.” 1971. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Jewett, Dennis Allen 1. Reproductive biology of Macaca fascicularis. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan State University; 1971. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:9383.

Council of Science Editors:

Jewett, Dennis Allen 1. Reproductive biology of Macaca fascicularis. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan State University; 1971. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:9383

Grand Valley State University

26. Nelson, Lilianne. Hormonal Responses to Seasonal Thermal and Ecological Stressors in Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata).

Degree: 2020, Grand Valley State University

URL: https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/999

► Relative to most primate species, Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) experience extreme seasonal variation in thermal and ecological stressors that can impact energetic demands. To cope… (more)

▼ Relative to most primate species, Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) experience extreme seasonal variation in thermal and ecological stressors that can impact energetic demands. To cope with these environmental changes, levels of metabolic hormones, such as cortisol and triiodothyronine, fluctuate to facilitate energetic adjustments. While previous research in primates has investigated thermal and ecological stressors individually, a combined assessment of these stressors alongside hormone levels can provide a more holistic understanding of the relationship between a primate’s thermoregulation, energetic balance, and stress. The goals of this study were to determine the effects of season, temperature and ecological stress on cortisol levels in Japanese macaques, as well as assess the relationship between cortisol and freely circulating triiodothyronine (fT3). Fecal samples were collected at Kyoto University Primate Research Institute (KUPRI) on semi-free ranging Japanese macaques and tested for cortisol and fT3 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Japanese macaques did not show a significant difference in cortisol levels between seasons, although winter cortisol levels were marginally higher. During summer, there was not a significant effect of daily temperature on cortisol levels. However, in the winter, macaques showed a consistent negative relationship between cortisol levels and daily maximum temperatures. While this indicates that cortisol levels increased as maximum temperatures became colder, there was not a significant correlation with mean or minimum daily temperatures. Using activity levels as a proxy for ecological stress, there were no significant effects of mean daily group activity on cortisol levels during either season. However, there was a significant and strong positive relationship between fT3 and cortisol levels during both summer and winter seasons, with cortisol levels increasing in conjunction with fT3. Contrary to predictions, there was not a seasonal pattern in cortisol levels, although these data provide partial evidence that thermal stress can impact cortisol levels on a daily scale. Animals were provisioned foods, which may have reduced the intensity of ecological stress, possibly dampening seasonal impacts on cortisol levels. Despite these mixed results, the strong relationship between fT3 and cortisol may suggest that animals modulate metabolic hormones in a coordinated manner to cope with changing energetic needs.

Subjects/Keywords: Japanese Macaques; Ecological Stressors; Thermal Stressors; Hormonal Responses; Cortisol; Biology; Zoology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nelson, L. (2020). Hormonal Responses to Seasonal Thermal and Ecological Stressors in Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata). (Thesis). Grand Valley State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/999

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nelson, Lilianne. “Hormonal Responses to Seasonal Thermal and Ecological Stressors in Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata).” 2020. Thesis, Grand Valley State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/999.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nelson, Lilianne. “Hormonal Responses to Seasonal Thermal and Ecological Stressors in Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata).” 2020. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Nelson L. Hormonal Responses to Seasonal Thermal and Ecological Stressors in Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata). [Internet] [Thesis]. Grand Valley State University; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/999.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Nelson L. Hormonal Responses to Seasonal Thermal and Ecological Stressors in Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata). [Thesis]. Grand Valley State University; 2020. Available from: https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/999

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Université Laval

27. Lecours, Cynthia. Étude de la microglie chez les singes lésés au MPTP comme modèle de la maladie de Parkinson : effet du traitement à la lévodopa.

Degree: 2019, Université Laval

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68159

►

Les microglies sont les cellules immunitaires du cerveau qui exercent des rôles physiologiques cruciaux tout au long de la vie. Pour évaluer si leurs fonctions… (more)

▼

Les microglies sont les cellules immunitaires du cerveau qui exercent des rôles physiologiques cruciaux tout au long de la vie. Pour évaluer si leurs fonctions sont altérées dans la physiopathologie de la maladie de Parkinson (PD), le trouble moteur neurodégénératif le plus commun, nous avons caractérisé leurs changements de densité, de morphologie, d’ultrastructure et d’activité de dégradation dans le putamen sensorimoteur de singes cynomolgus lésés au 1-méthyl-4-phényl-1,2,3,6-tétrahydropyridine (MPTP). Un sous-groupe de singes MPTP a également été traité oralement à la lévodopa (L-DOPA). Ces singes ont développé des dyskinésies induites par la L-DOPA (LID) similaire à celles qu’éprouvent les patients atteints de la PD après seulement cinq à dix ans de traitement. En utilisant la microscopie optique, confocale et électronique, nos résultats ont montré des altérations de densité, de morphologie et de fonction des microglies chez les singes MPTP. Ceux-ci étaient partiellement normalisés avec le traitement à la L-DOPA. La densité microgliale, l’aire des corps cellulaires et des arborisations étaient augmentées chez les singes parkinsoniens, tandis que les animaux traités par la L-DOPA présentaient un phénotype similaire aux témoins. Au niveau de l’ultrastructure, les microglies semblaient saines, sans dilatation de l'appareil de Golgi et du réticulum endoplasmique, parmi d’autres marqueurs de stress cellulaire, chez les singes MPTP. Néanmoins, les microglies avaient moins d'inclusions phagocytaires chez le groupe MPTP, suggérant une activité de dégradation altérée. De plus, une réduction de l’expression de la glycoprotéine CD68 -associée aux lysosomes- a été mesurée dans les microglies d’animaux MPTP traités à la L-DOPA. La localisation subcellulaire du CD68 dans les lysosomes secondaires et les corps résiduels tertiaires des microglies a également été confirmée par microscopie électronique. Dans l’ensemble, ces résultats ont révélé des modifications microgliales phénotypiques au cours de la physiopathologie de la PD qui ont partiellement été renversées par la L-DOPA.

Microglia are the brain immune cells which exert crucial physiological roles across the lifespan. To assess whether their functions are impaired in the pathophysiology of Parkinson disease (PD), the most common neurodegenerative motor disorder, we characterized their changes in density, morphology, ultrastructure, and degradation activity among the sensorimotor functional territory of the putamen, in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) cynomolgus monkeys. A subset of MPTP monkeys was also treated with oral levodopa (L-DOPA). These monkeys developed L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) similar to what PD patients experience after only five to ten years of treatment. Using light, confocal and electron microscopy, our results showed alterations of microglial density, morphology and function following MPTP intoxication that were partially normalized with L-DOPA treatment. Microglial density, cell body and arborization areas were increased in…

Advisors/Committee Members: Tremblay, Marie-Ève, Di Paolo, Thérèse, Parent, Martin.

Subjects/Keywords: Microglie.; Lévodopa.; Maladie de Parkinson – Modèles animaux.; Macaques.; Méthylphényltétrahydropyridine.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lecours, C. (2019). Étude de la microglie chez les singes lésés au MPTP comme modèle de la maladie de Parkinson : effet du traitement à la lévodopa. (Thesis). Université Laval. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68159

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lecours, Cynthia. “Étude de la microglie chez les singes lésés au MPTP comme modèle de la maladie de Parkinson : effet du traitement à la lévodopa.” 2019. Thesis, Université Laval. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68159.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lecours, Cynthia. “Étude de la microglie chez les singes lésés au MPTP comme modèle de la maladie de Parkinson : effet du traitement à la lévodopa.” 2019. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Lecours C. Étude de la microglie chez les singes lésés au MPTP comme modèle de la maladie de Parkinson : effet du traitement à la lévodopa. [Internet] [Thesis]. Université Laval; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68159.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lecours C. Étude de la microglie chez les singes lésés au MPTP comme modèle de la maladie de Parkinson : effet du traitement à la lévodopa. [Thesis]. Université Laval; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68159

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – San Diego

28. Chacko, Sandra Rose. Why Do Females Live in Groups? : : Dominance, Grooming, and Experimental Testing of the Effects of Food Distribution on the Behavior of Commensal Bonnet Macaque (Macaca radiata) Females.

Degree: Anthropology, 2014, University of California – San Diego

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/36p6k6m5

► According to the socioecological model of female sociality, females living in environments with clumped resources should exhibit strong, linear dominance hierarchies and females in the… (more)

▼ According to the socioecological model of female sociality, females living in environments with clumped resources should exhibit strong, linear dominance hierarchies and females in the upper part of these hierarchies should receive less aggression, gain better access to food and receive more grooming than their lower ranked counterparts. This dissertation investigates the predictions of this model using females in a group of bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata). It also investigates the effects of three food distributions (0.25 m², 1 m², and 4 m²) on female aggression. This group had a moderately linear dominance hierarchy (0.63 Modified Landau Index). Although aggressive behavior increased during the feeding experiments, the overall strength of the dominance hierarchy was not significantly affected by an increase in food clumping. Higher ranked females did not receive more grooming than lower ranked females. Females engaged in both reciprocal (12.6%) and non-reciprocal bouts (87.4 %) of grooming and reciprocal grooming was time matched. Although most grooming was not immediately reciprocated, females did not appear to be trading grooming for another commodity, except, potentially, for coalitionary support. Grooming was more reciprocal across bouts than within bouts showing increased grooming reciprocity between partners over time. This long-term reciprocity suggests that bonnet macaque females reciprocate grooming over long spans of time effectively increasing the proportion of reciprocal grooming and decreasing the amount traded in a biological market. Females showed different types of competition as the experimental food distribution was decreased. High ranking females consumed more than low ranking females in each distribution. The greatest rank asymmetry in feeding was found in the highly clumped condition due to the ability of dominant individuals to monopolize the feeding platform. However, the number of aggressive acts among females was significantly lower in both clumped distributions than in the dispersed condition. Usurpation, as measured by agonistic acts, was higher in the dispersed condition, but competition through monopolization was greatest in the highly clumped condition as expected by the socioecological model. Competition in the highly clumped condition could not be measured by quantity of agonistic behavior illustrating the importance of distinguishing between monopolizability and usurpability when analyzing levels of competition

Subjects/Keywords: Case studies Behavior Macaques; Case studies Food Macaques; Case studies Behavior Females; Case studies Social behavior in animals; Case studies Aggressive behavior in animals; Case studies Grooming behavior in animals

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Chacko, S. R. (2014). Why Do Females Live in Groups? : : Dominance, Grooming, and Experimental Testing of the Effects of Food Distribution on the Behavior of Commensal Bonnet Macaque (Macaca radiata) Females. (Thesis). University of California – San Diego. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/36p6k6m5

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chacko, Sandra Rose. “Why Do Females Live in Groups? : : Dominance, Grooming, and Experimental Testing of the Effects of Food Distribution on the Behavior of Commensal Bonnet Macaque (Macaca radiata) Females.” 2014. Thesis, University of California – San Diego. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/36p6k6m5.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chacko, Sandra Rose. “Why Do Females Live in Groups? : : Dominance, Grooming, and Experimental Testing of the Effects of Food Distribution on the Behavior of Commensal Bonnet Macaque (Macaca radiata) Females.” 2014. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Chacko SR. Why Do Females Live in Groups? : : Dominance, Grooming, and Experimental Testing of the Effects of Food Distribution on the Behavior of Commensal Bonnet Macaque (Macaca radiata) Females. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/36p6k6m5.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chacko SR. Why Do Females Live in Groups? : : Dominance, Grooming, and Experimental Testing of the Effects of Food Distribution on the Behavior of Commensal Bonnet Macaque (Macaca radiata) Females. [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2014. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/36p6k6m5

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

NSYSU

29. Lu, Chien-Hsing. Alarm calls in Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis): functional tests from playback experiments.

Degree: Master, Biological Sciences, 2003, NSYSU

URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0626103-151110

► Abstract This study analyzed the alarm calls of Formosan macaques and their functions from Mt. Longevity. Under the natural condition, 137 five-minute scan sampling and… (more)

▼ Abstract This study analyzed the alarm calls of Formosan macaques and their functions from Mt. Longevity. Under the natural condition, 137 five-minute scan sampling and 129 completely 20-minute all occurrence sampling were collected to record behaviors and the alarm calls. In addition, 43 stimulus (predator) tests and 87 playback experiments were successfully conducted from September 2002 to March 2003. Incidents that triggered alarm calls included: the confrontation with dogs, threats from travelers with a cane, slingshots, or stones, encounters with other troops of macaques, passing-by motors or mobile cars, airplanes flying above, and some unrecognizable factors. Under the natural condition, most of the alarm calls produced by Formosan macaques were responds toward dogs (63.46%), with the average frequency of 0.78 times/10hrs. In the predator tests, types of stimulus (dog, human with slingshot, m-snake1 and m-snake2), sex/age classes (adult male, adult female, juvenile, and infant), and the position of macaques (0m, <1m, 1m, and â§2m) had great influence on the behavioral response of macaques (p<0.01). The response scores were from 3 to 0 (move away more than 5 times body length or climbed to tree, move away up to 5 times body length, visual orientation towards the predator and no apparent response). The average response score of macaques to dogs was the highest one, far above threats from a person with a slingshot, m-snake1 and m-snake 2 (p<0.05). When Formosan macaques confront dogs, the vocal frequency (time/individual) to the alarm call had great influence on sex/age classes of macaques (p<0.01), and the average alarm call frequency was highest from adult males. When human with slingshots and m-snake were predators, majority of the adult males and females adopted run-away (69.91ï¹ª), while very few climbed up trees (8.02ï¹ª) to prevent from any harm caused by predators. However, they ran away (31.52%) or climbed up trees (48.47%) in response to dogs in different proportions. The average response score of macaques, from high to low, was from infant, juvenile, adult female and adult male, and the differences were significant (p<0.05). When Formosan macaques encounter these four types of predators, their alarm calls were quite similar in the spectrographs. The six basic vocal characteristics (maximal, median and minimal fundamental frequency, lowest and peak frequency and duration), analyzed by canonical discriminate analysis, indicated that alarm calls of Formosan macaques confront dogs and human with slingshots could be distinguished from snake models. The four types of predators had significant effects at the median and maximal fundamental frequency of the basic vocal characteristics from adult females and juveniles (p<0.01). But there was no difference in the nine basic vocal characteristics of alarm calls from adult males and infants toward four types of predators. The alarm calls of adult females and juveniles toward dogs in the median and maximal fundamental frequency both were significantly lower than… Advisors/Committee Members: none (committee member), none (chair), none (chair).

Subjects/Keywords: alram call; Formosan macaques; playback experiment

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lu, C. (2003). Alarm calls in Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis): functional tests from playback experiments. (Thesis). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0626103-151110

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lu, Chien-Hsing. “Alarm calls in Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis): functional tests from playback experiments.” 2003. Thesis, NSYSU. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0626103-151110.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lu, Chien-Hsing. “Alarm calls in Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis): functional tests from playback experiments.” 2003. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Lu C. Alarm calls in Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis): functional tests from playback experiments. [Internet] [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2003. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0626103-151110.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lu C. Alarm calls in Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis): functional tests from playback experiments. [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2003. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0626103-151110

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

NSYSU

30. Wang, Ching-ping. Activity pattern and diet composition of Formosan macaques ( Macaca cyclopis ) at Mt. Longevity, Taiwan.

Degree: Master, Biological Sciences, 2005, NSYSU

URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0620105-105152

► Abstract The present study investigated the activity patterns of Formosan macaques at Mt. Longevity and an emphasis was given to feeding and foraging behavior. The… (more)

▼ Abstract The present study investigated the activity patterns of Formosan macaques at Mt. Longevity and an emphasis was given to feeding and foraging behavior. The diet composition of Formosan macaque showed significant changes among different age and sex classes of macaques as well as among different seasons. The field research was carried out from August 2003 to July 2004 for a total of 311 hrs covering 77 days. Feeding behavior dominated the activity patterns of the macaques at Mt. Longevity (28.11%), followed by other behaviors such as affiliate (24.71%), resting (17.10%) and moving (16.04%). In contrast, foraging (8.22%) and agonistic behaviors (5.50%) were the least among the activity patterns recorded during this study. Interestingly, adult males spent more time in resting (30.60%) while adult females spent more time in feeding (29.84%), which indicated that the activity patterns were influenced by sex and age groups. Plant food items accounted for 94.87% of their diet while the seminal fluid and breast milk accounted for 5.08%. The plant food items consumed by the monkeys came from 46 species in 31 families and the fruits alone amounted 42.18%. Other food items included leaf (26.20%), stem (11.84%), flower (10.33%), bud (9.14%) and root (0.03%). The relative frequency of fruit consumption by the macaques was higher than 40 % between May and September (40.53% - 63.79%) and December to January (54.66% - 55.28%). The Formosan macaque diet composition changed according to the sex and age class groups. The Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index and Levineâs niche breadth index changed according to sex, age and months respectively. The plant food diversity indexes were highest for the juvenile males and lowest for the adult females. The Levineâs niche breadth index was broader for the juvenile females but narrowest for the adult females. Adult females consumed 35 species of plants which is higher than the number of species that the adult males and juveniles consumed. However, the plant food diversity index and the niche breadth index were low for adult females, which indicate that they choose certain types of food. On the other hand, all these three indexes were highest in May and changed from month to month. The diet overlap of the Formosan macaque (Renkonen percentage) was highest between adult males and adult females (85.2%) than between other sex/age groups. Among the five categories of age and sex groups, the diet overlap was 66.68% and 22 species of plants was consumed by all age and sex groups of Formosan macaques. Advisors/Committee Members: none (chair), none (chair), none (committee member), G. Agoramoorthy (chair).

Subjects/Keywords: Activity pattern; Formosan macaques; Diet composition

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wang, C. (2005). Activity pattern and diet composition of Formosan macaques ( Macaca cyclopis ) at Mt. Longevity, Taiwan. (Thesis). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0620105-105152

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wang, Ching-ping. “Activity pattern and diet composition of Formosan macaques ( Macaca cyclopis ) at Mt. Longevity, Taiwan.” 2005. Thesis, NSYSU. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0620105-105152.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wang, Ching-ping. “Activity pattern and diet composition of Formosan macaques ( Macaca cyclopis ) at Mt. Longevity, Taiwan.” 2005. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Wang C. Activity pattern and diet composition of Formosan macaques ( Macaca cyclopis ) at Mt. Longevity, Taiwan. [Internet] [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2005. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0620105-105152.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wang C. Activity pattern and diet composition of Formosan macaques ( Macaca cyclopis ) at Mt. Longevity, Taiwan. [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2005. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0620105-105152

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations