subject:(liquid trapping)

1. Tkachenko, Georgiy. Optical trapping and manipulation of chiral microspheres controlled by the photon helicity : Le piégeage et la manipulation optique de microsphères chiraux contrôlées par l'hélicité du photon.

Degree: Docteur es, Laser, matière et nanosciences, 2014, Bordeaux

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0102

►

Exploiter le degré de liberté angulaire de la lumière pour contrôler les forces optiques ouvre une nouvelle voie pour la manipulation optique de systèmes matériels.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Optomécanique; Piégeage et manipulation optique; Cristaux liquides; Moment angulaire de la lumière; Chiralité; Optofluidique; Optomechanics; Optical trapping and manipulation; Liquid crystals; Optical angular momentum; Chirality; Optofluidics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tkachenko, G. (2014). Optical trapping and manipulation of chiral microspheres controlled by the photon helicity : Le piégeage et la manipulation optique de microsphères chiraux contrôlées par l'hélicité du photon. (Doctoral Dissertation). Bordeaux. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0102

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tkachenko, Georgiy. “Optical trapping and manipulation of chiral microspheres controlled by the photon helicity : Le piégeage et la manipulation optique de microsphères chiraux contrôlées par l'hélicité du photon.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Bordeaux. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0102.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tkachenko, Georgiy. “Optical trapping and manipulation of chiral microspheres controlled by the photon helicity : Le piégeage et la manipulation optique de microsphères chiraux contrôlées par l'hélicité du photon.” 2014. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Tkachenko G. Optical trapping and manipulation of chiral microspheres controlled by the photon helicity : Le piégeage et la manipulation optique de microsphères chiraux contrôlées par l'hélicité du photon. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Bordeaux; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0102.

Council of Science Editors:

Tkachenko G. Optical trapping and manipulation of chiral microspheres controlled by the photon helicity : Le piégeage et la manipulation optique de microsphères chiraux contrôlées par l'hélicité du photon. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Bordeaux; 2014. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0102

Indian Institute of Science

2. Vadakkumbatt, Vaisakh. Experimental Investigation of Multielectron Bubbles in Liquid Helium.

Degree: PhD, Faculty of Science, 2017, Indian Institute of Science

URL: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2822

► Multielectron bubbles (MEBs) are micron sized cavities in liquid helium that contain electrons confined within a nanometer thick layer on the inner surface of a… (more)

▼ Multielectron bubbles (MEBs) are micron sized cavities in liquid helium that contain electrons confined within a nanometer thick layer on the inner surface of a bubble. These objects present a rich platform to study the behavior of a two dimensional electron gas (2DES) on a curved surface. Most crucially, the surface electron densities in MEBs can vary over a wide range, making it a suitable candidate for studying classical Wigner crystallization and quantum melting in a single system. So far, there has been only limited experimental study of MEBs, with most of the previous investigation transient in nature. As we discuss in our presentation, we have built a cryogenic system for performing transport and optical measurements of MEBs down to 1.3 K. We have developed a new technique of generating MEBs, and trapping them using two different methods. In the first method, we trapped MEBs using a Paul trap for more than hundreds of milliseconds. This allows the MEBs to be further manipulated with buoyant and electric forces, such as to obtain reliable measurements of their physical properties. As we observe experimentally, the surface charge density of a single MEB can vary by orders of magnitude during the course of one measurement, thereby covering a previously unexplored section of the 2DES phase diagram. In the second method, we trapped MEBs using a dielectric coated metal electrode over many seconds. This also allowed the properties of MEBs to be measured in a non-destructive manner. Since MEBs are charged bubbles, their motion can be controlled by electric fields, which allowed us to measure the drag of MEBs as a function of Reynolds number by analysing the trajectories. Due to the low viscosity and surface tension of helium compared to other liquids, these measurements could be performed at Morton Numbers that have never been explored. We also show that how the shape of a single MEB evolves from spherical to ellipsoidal as their speeds vary. During the course of experiments, we observed number of interesting phenomena, such as coalescence of similarly charged bubbles, as well as their splitting into secondary bubbles at high speeds. Most interestingly, we have imaged their dynamics in the presence of static, as well as oscillating electric fields, which may provide insight into the phase of the electronic system present inside the bubbles. Advisors/Committee Members: Ghosh, Ambarish (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Liquid Helium; Multielectron Bubbles (MEBs); Two Dimensional Electron Gas; Multielectron Bubble Trapping; Paul Traps; Dielectric Coated Metal; Helium Electrons; Pulsed Electric Fields; Physics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Vadakkumbatt, V. (2017). Experimental Investigation of Multielectron Bubbles in Liquid Helium. (Doctoral Dissertation). Indian Institute of Science. Retrieved from http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2822

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Vadakkumbatt, Vaisakh. “Experimental Investigation of Multielectron Bubbles in Liquid Helium.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Indian Institute of Science. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2822.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vadakkumbatt, Vaisakh. “Experimental Investigation of Multielectron Bubbles in Liquid Helium.” 2017. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Vadakkumbatt V. Experimental Investigation of Multielectron Bubbles in Liquid Helium. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Indian Institute of Science; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2822.

Council of Science Editors:

Vadakkumbatt V. Experimental Investigation of Multielectron Bubbles in Liquid Helium. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Indian Institute of Science; 2017. Available from: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2822

3. Pokhrel, Chandra Prasad. Crystal growth and charge carrier transport in liquid crystals and other novel organic semiconductors.

Degree: PhD, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Physics, 2009, Kent State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1254234736

► Due to the many advantages of organic semiconductors over their inorganic counterparts, there is a strong and growing interest in their development. However, the… (more)

▼ Due to the many advantages of organic semiconductors over their inorganic counterparts, there is a strong and growing interest in their development. However, the large intermolecular spacing and other factors in organics result in a band structure that is narrow and often thermally disrupted, introducing disorder in the system and adversely affecting the conduction of charge. In this dissertation, we concentrate on three factors that influence the motion of charge: disorder, ionic impurities, and molecular design (and, in particular, the presence of pyridine). We discuss charge carrier mobility measurement in different organic semiconductors ranging from relatively ordered liquid crystalline systems to a highly disordered glassy material. Several theoretical approaches are used to analyze the results. For example, in a terpyridine-based high-order smectic liquid crystal we found surprisingly small, Poole-Frenkel mobilities (log(mobility) ~ E1/2) which may naively be described by either the Scher-Montroll (non-Gaussian transport) or Bassler’s Gaussian transport model. However, the transient current traces did not comply with the universality and logarithmic slope predictions of the non-Gaussian model, but do follow the predictions of Bassler’s model of Gaussian conduction. This various roles of diagonal (site energy) and off-diagonal (transfer integral) disorder are discussed. In the organic glassy material, the energy disorder of the transport sites plays the central role in determining the mobility. Using the spatially correlated disorder model of Kenkre, Dunlap, and coworkers, we are able to extract reasonable materials’ parameters such as the Gaussian width of the hopping site energy distribution and the molecular dipole moment. Impurities also play several essential roles in organic semiconductors. Here we concentrate on itinerant ions in liquid crystalline semiconductors. Due to the low viscosity of the liquid crystalline system, mobile ions may influence the effective charge carrier mobility, lowering the device performance and making extraction of the intrinsic mobility difficult. The effect of ions on charge transport, their temporal and spatial distribution, a technique to measure the intrinsic carrier mobility, and the corresponding theory is presented using a sample discotic liquid crystal material (HAT5), a quasi one-dimensional transport medium. Advisors/Committee Members: Ellman, Brett (Advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Materials Science; Physics; Laser; Charge generation; Charge transport; Mobility; Trapping; Space charge; Hopping; Tunneling; Lattice vibration; Exciton; Polaron; HUMO; LUMO; Action Spectrum; Quantum efficiency; Crystal Growth; Liquid crystal; Disordered medium

…Figure 4.1: �� …90 The molecular structure of the calamitic liquid crystal (… …photocurrent transient in calamitic liquid crystal (a terpyridine derivative) plotted on a… …hole mobility in terpyridine liquid crystal. Line is a fit to the data (circle)… …105 Figure 4.7: Photocurrent transient in phenylpyridine based liquid crystal �� .106… …Figure 4.8: Molecular structure of thiophenyl- bipyridinyl liquid crystal �� ..107 Figure 4.9…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pokhrel, C. P. (2009). Crystal growth and charge carrier transport in liquid crystals and other novel organic semiconductors. (Doctoral Dissertation). Kent State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1254234736

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pokhrel, Chandra Prasad. “Crystal growth and charge carrier transport in liquid crystals and other novel organic semiconductors.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Kent State University. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1254234736.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pokhrel, Chandra Prasad. “Crystal growth and charge carrier transport in liquid crystals and other novel organic semiconductors.” 2009. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Pokhrel CP. Crystal growth and charge carrier transport in liquid crystals and other novel organic semiconductors. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Kent State University; 2009. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1254234736.

Council of Science Editors:

Pokhrel CP. Crystal growth and charge carrier transport in liquid crystals and other novel organic semiconductors. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Kent State University; 2009. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1254234736

4. Messina, Elena. Metal nanoparticles produced by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid Environment.

Degree: 2011, Università degli Studi di Catania

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10761/109

► Particles in the nanometer size range have attracted increasing attention with the growing interest in nanoscience and nanotechnology. They hold potential as basic components for… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Nanoparticles; Surface Enhancement Raman Spectroscopy; Laser ablation in liquid; Optical trapping

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APA (6^th Edition):

Messina, E. (2011). Metal nanoparticles produced by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid Environment. (Thesis). Università degli Studi di Catania. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10761/109

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Messina, Elena. “Metal nanoparticles produced by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid Environment.” 2011. Thesis, Università degli Studi di Catania. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/109.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Messina, Elena. “Metal nanoparticles produced by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid Environment.” 2011. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Messina E. Metal nanoparticles produced by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid Environment. [Internet] [Thesis]. Università degli Studi di Catania; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10761/109.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Messina E. Metal nanoparticles produced by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid Environment. [Thesis]. Università degli Studi di Catania; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10761/109

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

5. Persson, Martin. Advances in Holographic Optical Trapping.

Degree: 2013, University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/32606

► Holographic optical trapping (HOT) is a technique for non-invasive dynamic anipulation of multiple microscopic objects, which has been used for many applications in the life… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Optical tweezers; Holographic optical trapping; Optical force measurement; Spatial light modulators; Holographic beam steering; Liquid crystals

…viii Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Optical Trapping… …Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 2 2 Optical Trapping 2.1 Optical… …4 Liquid Crystals 4.1 Nematic LC . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Chirality . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3… …5 Spatial Light Modulators 5.1 Liquid Crystal SLMs Used in this Work . . . . . . . 5.1.1… …53 53 8 Optical Trapping in LC Materials 8.1 Nanowires in LC . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Persson, M. (2013). Advances in Holographic Optical Trapping. (Thesis). University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2077/32606

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Persson, Martin. “Advances in Holographic Optical Trapping.” 2013. Thesis, University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/32606.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Persson, Martin. “Advances in Holographic Optical Trapping.” 2013. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Persson M. Advances in Holographic Optical Trapping. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/32606.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Persson M. Advances in Holographic Optical Trapping. [Thesis]. University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/32606

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

6. Sanders, Jennifer Louise. A study of microviscosity in liquid crystals using laser tweezers.

Degree: 2012, University of Manchester

URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:165504

See full text for abstract. Advisors/Committee Members: Dickinson, Mark.

Subjects/Keywords: liquid crystals; viscosity; laser tweezers; microfluidics; optical trapping

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sanders, J. L. (2012). A study of microviscosity in liquid crystals using laser tweezers. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:165504

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sanders, Jennifer Louise. “A study of microviscosity in liquid crystals using laser tweezers.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:165504.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sanders, Jennifer Louise. “A study of microviscosity in liquid crystals using laser tweezers.” 2012. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Sanders JL. A study of microviscosity in liquid crystals using laser tweezers. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:165504.

Council of Science Editors:

Sanders JL. A study of microviscosity in liquid crystals using laser tweezers. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2012. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:165504

University of Manchester

7. Sanders, Jennifer Louise. A study of microviscosity in liquid crystals using laser tweezers.

Degree: PhD, 2012, University of Manchester

URL: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-study-of-microviscosity-in-liquid-crystals-using-laser-tweezers(ee80509c-0190-4ced-b71b-4651494e35c7).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558037

Subjects/Keywords: 530.429; liquid crystals; viscosity; laser tweezers; microfluidics; optical trapping

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sanders, J. L. (2012). A study of microviscosity in liquid crystals using laser tweezers. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-study-of-microviscosity-in-liquid-crystals-using-laser-tweezers(ee80509c-0190-4ced-b71b-4651494e35c7).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558037

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sanders, Jennifer Louise. “A study of microviscosity in liquid crystals using laser tweezers.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed March 03, 2021. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-study-of-microviscosity-in-liquid-crystals-using-laser-tweezers(ee80509c-0190-4ced-b71b-4651494e35c7).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558037.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sanders, Jennifer Louise. “A study of microviscosity in liquid crystals using laser tweezers.” 2012. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Sanders JL. A study of microviscosity in liquid crystals using laser tweezers. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-study-of-microviscosity-in-liquid-crystals-using-laser-tweezers(ee80509c-0190-4ced-b71b-4651494e35c7).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558037.

Council of Science Editors:

Sanders JL. A study of microviscosity in liquid crystals using laser tweezers. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2012. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-study-of-microviscosity-in-liquid-crystals-using-laser-tweezers(ee80509c-0190-4ced-b71b-4651494e35c7).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558037

University of New South Wales

8. Pakhuruddin, Mohd. Development of Light-Trapping Schemes in Evaporated Laser-Crystallised Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells on Glass Superstrates.

Degree: Photovoltaics & Renewable Energy Engineering, 2016, University of New South Wales

URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/56490 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:40844/SOURCE02?view=true

► Incomplete light absorption makes effective light-trapping (LT) crucial for realising higher short-circuit current densities (Jsc) in liquid-phase crystallised silicon (LPC Si) thin-film solar cells on… (more)

▼ Incomplete light absorption makes effective light-trapping (LT) crucial for realising higher short-circuit current densities (Jsc) in liquid-phase crystallised silicon (LPC Si) thin-film solar cells on glass superstrate. Through a systematic investigation, this research aims to develop, optimise and incorporate different LT features (improving both light-coupling and light-trapping) into 10 um thin solar cells crystallised by a continuous wave diode laser on borosilicate glass. The features include anti-reflection (AR) layers, back surface reflectors (BSRs), Si texturing and glass texturing. Potential Jsc estimated from optical characterisation is used to optimise different LT features. The optimised features are then incorporated into active solar cells and the actual Jsc is derived from external quantum efficiency measurement.An AR foil is used on the front air-side of the glass to improve broadband light-coupling. With the foil, the Jsc is increased by 1.1 mA/cm2 (5.5% enhancement). BSRs are evaluated to enhance long wavelengths absorption. The optimum BSR is found by combining silver nanoparticles, white paint and the AR foil, with Jsc of 23.3 mA/cm2 (18.9% enhancement).Si texturing is done by wet chemical etching to increase long wavelengths absorption. Porous mask texturing, ammonium fluoride and potassium hydroxide-based solutions (KOH) are evaluated. KOH-based texturing is the best method, with Jsc up to 25.4 mA/cm2 (24.5% enhancement), when combined with white paint BSR and AR foil. Glass is mechanically abraded to enhance broadband absorption. Following abrasion, prolonged glass etching resulting in surface roughness below 600 nm is required to enable a successful crystallisation of the Si films on the textured glass. The films exhibit large grains of several hundred micrometers in width and up to centimeters in length, similar to the films crystallised on planar glass. A significant broadband absorption enhancement is achieved, but electrical degradation is observed in the solar cells, indicating incompatibility of the e-beam evaporated LPC Si solar cells with the textured superstrate.The most effective LT scheme for the LPC Si solar cells on glass superstrate is realised by the rear Si texturing (with KOH-based solution) combined with white paint BSR and front AR foil, with Jsc of 25.4 mA/cm2 (24.5% enhancement). Advisors/Committee Members: Varlamov, Sergey, Photovoltaics & Renewable Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW, Huang, Jialiang, Photovoltaics & Renewable Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW.

Subjects/Keywords: Liquid-phase crystallisation; Absorption enhancement; Light trapping; Polycrystalline silicon

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Pakhuruddin, M. (2016). Development of Light-Trapping Schemes in Evaporated Laser-Crystallised Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells on Glass Superstrates. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/56490 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:40844/SOURCE02?view=true

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pakhuruddin, Mohd. “Development of Light-Trapping Schemes in Evaporated Laser-Crystallised Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells on Glass Superstrates.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New South Wales. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/56490 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:40844/SOURCE02?view=true.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pakhuruddin, Mohd. “Development of Light-Trapping Schemes in Evaporated Laser-Crystallised Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells on Glass Superstrates.” 2016. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Pakhuruddin M. Development of Light-Trapping Schemes in Evaporated Laser-Crystallised Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells on Glass Superstrates. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/56490 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:40844/SOURCE02?view=true.

Council of Science Editors:

Pakhuruddin M. Development of Light-Trapping Schemes in Evaporated Laser-Crystallised Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells on Glass Superstrates. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2016. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/56490 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:40844/SOURCE02?view=true

University of Oulu

9. Lassila, T. (Toni). In vitro methods in the study of reactive drug metabolites with liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry.

Degree: 2016, University of Oulu

URL: http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526212197

►

Abstract Reactive metabolites are believed to be responsible for rare but serious idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions (IADRs) that have led to the withdrawal of numerous… (more)

▼

Abstract Reactive metabolites are believed to be responsible for rare but serious idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions (IADRs) that have led to the withdrawal of numerous drugs from the market. This has resulted in major harm to patients, economic losses for the pharmaceutical companies and represents a serious problem in drug development. Reactive metabolites can be studied by trapping them with suitable nucleophiles, most commonly with glutathione. The glutathione conjugates formed in these reactions can be analyzed with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) techniques. In this study, new in vitro methods for the detection and analysis of reactive metabolites were developed. The suitability for reactive metabolite screening of different enzyme sources commonly used in vitro were compared. It was found that sub-cellular fractions yielded significantly larger amounts of glutathione-trapped reactive metabolites as compared to the amounts obtained from intact hepatocytes. Additionally, different metabolites were detected in some cases. Biomimetic metalloporphyrin catalysts were tested for their ability to produce larger amounts of glutathione-trapped metabolites relative to liver S9 fraction incubations. An increase in reactive metabolite production was observed with biomimetic models, but not all of the metabolites produced by liver S9 were observed. The glutathione conjugates of pulegone and of its metabolite menthofuran were analyzed with LC/MS/MS, and the fragmentation spectra of N- and S-/N- di-linked glutathione conjugate were interpreted in detail for the first time. These results will enable more efficient screening of reactive metabolites of furan-containing compounds. Acyl glucuronides are metabolites produced from carboxylic acid-containing compounds and can be reactive. A good correlation was found between the acyl migration half-life and the tendency of a drug to cause IADRs. The carboxylic moiety can also be metabolized to yield acyl coenzyme A (CoA) conjugates that may be more reactive than their corresponding acyl glucuronides. The formation of CoA conjugates and additional conjugates formed from them was found to be more likely with drugs that cause IADRs.

Tiivistelmä Reaktiivisten metaboliittien uskotaan olevan syypää tietyntyyppisiin harvinaisiin, mutta vakaviin idiosynkraattisiin lääkehaittavaikutuksiin, jotka ovat johtaneet useiden lääkeaineiden poistamiseen markkinoilta. Ne ovat aiheuttaneet merkittäviä haittoja potilaille, tappioita lääkeyhtiöille ja ovat vakava ongelma lääkekehityksessä. Reaktiivisia metaboliitteja voidaan tutkia vangitsemalla niitä sopivilla nukleofiileillä, yleisimmin glutationilla. Muodostuneet glutationikonjugaatit voidaan sitten analysoida nestekromatografia / massaspektrometrisin tekniikoin. Tässä tutkimuksessa kehitettiin uusia in vitro tapoja havaita ja analysoida reaktiivisia metaboliitteja. Tavallisimmin käytettyjen entsyymilähteiden soveltuvuutta testattiin reaktiivisten metaboliittien seulontaan. Solufraktioiden havaittiin tuottavan huomattavasti…

Advisors/Committee Members: Mattila, S. (Sampo), Turpeinen, M. (Miia), Tolonen, A. (Ari).

Subjects/Keywords: acyl glucuronide; glutathione trapping; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; reactive metabolites; asyyliglukuroni; glutationi; massaspektrometria; nestekromatografia; reaktiiviset metaboliitit

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lassila, T. (. (2016). In vitro methods in the study of reactive drug metabolites with liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oulu. Retrieved from http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526212197

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lassila, T (Toni). “In vitro methods in the study of reactive drug metabolites with liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oulu. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526212197.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lassila, T (Toni). “In vitro methods in the study of reactive drug metabolites with liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry.” 2016. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Lassila T(. In vitro methods in the study of reactive drug metabolites with liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oulu; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526212197.

Council of Science Editors:

Lassila T(. In vitro methods in the study of reactive drug metabolites with liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oulu; 2016. Available from: http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526212197

Virginia Tech

10. McDaniel, Lori Heldreth. Investigation of Liquid Trapping Following Supercritical Fluid Extraction.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 1999, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29121

► Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is an alternative to traditional extractions with organic solvents. SFE consists of removing the analyte(s) from the matrix, solubilizing them, moving… (more)

▼ Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is an alternative to traditional extractions with organic solvents. SFE consists of removing the analyte(s) from the matrix, solubilizing them, moving the analyte(s) into the bulk fluid, and sweeping the fluid containing the analyte(s) out of the extraction vessel. As the fluid leaves the extraction vessel, decompression of the fluid occurs, changing its volume and temperature which can lead to analyte loss. This work focussed on the trapping process with the restrictor immersed in a liquid after SFE. Experiments compared the effects of trapping parameters on the collection efficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins of similar polarities and structures. The most important variable was the selection of collection solvent and its physical properties, such as viscosity, surface tension and density were found to be important. Additionally, adding a modifier to the collection solvent in an attempt to change its physical properties and influence collection efficiencies for a polarity test mix was studied. Addition of a modifier can improve collection efficiencies and allow higher collection temperature to be used, but the modifier did not increase trapping recoveries to the extent that collection pressurization did. The occurrence of a methylation reaction of decanoic acid during the SFE and collection processes, using a methanol modified fluid or collection solvent was investigated. The majority of the reaction occurred during the collection process and the degree of methylation was found to be dependent on temperature, but not on static or dynamic extraction time. When no additional acidic catalyst other than carbon dioxide in the presence of water was present, conversion was limited to about 2%, but was quantitative with an added acidic catalyst. The last portion of this work involved the application of the SFE process to the extraction and analysis of extractable material in eight hardwood and softwood pulp samples. Grinding the samples increased extractable fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) by ten-fold, and in-situ derivatizations resulted in higher FAME recoveries than derivatization after SFE. Liquid trapping enhanced recoveries of lower FAMEs when compared to tandem (solid/liquid) trapping. In-situ acetylations sometimes yielded acetylated glucoses. Large differences in FAMEs concentrations were seen for hardwood samples, but lesser differences were seen for the softwood pulp samples. Advisors/Committee Members: Taylor, Larry T. (committeechair), Long, Gary L. (committee member), Bell, Harold M. (committee member), Glanville, James O. (committee member), McNair, Harold M. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: collection solvent modification; supercritical fluid extraction; liquid trapping; fat-soluble vitamins; in-situ methylation; wood pulp

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APA (6^th Edition):

McDaniel, L. H. (1999). Investigation of Liquid Trapping Following Supercritical Fluid Extraction. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29121

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McDaniel, Lori Heldreth. “Investigation of Liquid Trapping Following Supercritical Fluid Extraction.” 1999. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29121.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McDaniel, Lori Heldreth. “Investigation of Liquid Trapping Following Supercritical Fluid Extraction.” 1999. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

McDaniel LH. Investigation of Liquid Trapping Following Supercritical Fluid Extraction. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1999. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29121.

Council of Science Editors:

McDaniel LH. Investigation of Liquid Trapping Following Supercritical Fluid Extraction. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1999. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29121

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