subject:(invertebrate predator)

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Queens University

1. Jokela, Anneli Marie. Factors mediating the distribution and impact of the non-native invertebrate predator Bythotrephes longimanus .

Degree: Biology, 2013, Queens University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8080

► Predicting the impacts of non-native species remains one of the greatest challenges to invasion ecologists. Because of their insularity, freshwater systems are particularly vulnerable to… (more)

▼ Predicting the impacts of non-native species remains one of the greatest challenges to invasion ecologists. Because of their insularity, freshwater systems are particularly vulnerable to invasions, especially from non-native predators. The research in this thesis explores the role of abiotic and biotic factors in mediating the distribution and impact of Bythotrephes longimanus, a predatory cladoceran that has been introduced to freshwater systems in North America. Although the general impacts of this invasion have been documented, little is known about the factors that modulate them. Using a combination of field surveys and experiments, I tested several hypotheses concerning the influence of interactions with native species, as well as the role of heterogeneity in the light environment, in mediating the impact of Bythotrephes. Results demonstrated that biotic resistance by native macroinvertebrate predators does not play a limiting role in the establishment success of Bythotrephes. However, the within-lake distribution of Bythotrephes was influenced by these macroinvertebrates, suggesting that the native predator context matters when trying to understand the impacts of non-native predators. This was demonstrated with a mesocosm experiment in which the impact of Bythotrephes was constrained by the native Chaoborus larvae. In terms of the abiotic environment, in situ feeding experiments demonstrated that refuges from impact could exist for some prey taxa, as the outcome of predation by Bythotrephes was dependent on light availability and some prey taxa were more successful at evading predation under low light conditions. Finally, results show that adaptive behaviour by prey is also an important determinant of impact, as migrating Daphnia can escape predation effects by Bythotrephes. The combination of light-limited predation and a shallow distribution by Bythotrephes selects for prey that occupy relatively deeper positions during the day. As a whole, this research highlights the importance of complex interactions in mediating the impact of Bythotrephes and may help to explain some of the variation that has been documented among invaded lakes. A better understanding of these complex interactions can improve our ability to anticipate impacts as Bythotrephes continues to spread, as well as provide insight on some of the long-term effects following invasion.

Subjects/Keywords: Community Ecology ; diel vertical migration ; Biotic Resistance ; Invasion Biology ; Predator-Prey Interactions ; Adaptive Behaviour ; Introduced Predator ; Daphnia ; Zooplankton ; Invertebrate Predation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jokela, A. M. (2013). Factors mediating the distribution and impact of the non-native invertebrate predator Bythotrephes longimanus . (Thesis). Queens University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8080

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jokela, Anneli Marie. “Factors mediating the distribution and impact of the non-native invertebrate predator Bythotrephes longimanus .” 2013. Thesis, Queens University. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8080.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jokela, Anneli Marie. “Factors mediating the distribution and impact of the non-native invertebrate predator Bythotrephes longimanus .” 2013. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Jokela AM. Factors mediating the distribution and impact of the non-native invertebrate predator Bythotrephes longimanus . [Internet] [Thesis]. Queens University; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8080.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jokela AM. Factors mediating the distribution and impact of the non-native invertebrate predator Bythotrephes longimanus . [Thesis]. Queens University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8080

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Georgia

2. Davis, John Michael. Food web response to long-term experimental enrichment of a detritus-based stream ecosystem.

Degree: 2014, University of Georgia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/26034

► Nutrient enrichment of freshwater ecosystems is occurring on a global scale with significant effects on their structure and function. However, our current understanding of these… (more)

▼ Nutrient enrichment of freshwater ecosystems is occurring on a global scale with significant effects on their structure and function. However, our current understanding of these effects is limited because of the paucity of long-term experimental manipulations in detritus-based food webs. This study assessed the effects of enrichment in a detritus-based headwater stream. Using a paired watershed design, macroinvertebrate abundance, biomass, and production were compared in a treatment and reference stream during a five-year continuous enrichment. I examined whether the effects of nutrient enrichment varied between primary consumers and predators and whether consumer body size mediated consumer responses. To determine how changes in community structure affected nutrient fluxes, I also quantified the nutrient assimilation and excretion rate of a dominant primary consumer, Pycnopsyche spp. (Trichoptera). I also tested whether enrichment altered subsidies to riparian consumers via increased aquatic insect emergence from the nutrient-enriched stream. During the fourth and fifth year of enrichment, nutrient enrichment stimulated primary consumer, but not predator, production and biomass. The increased dominance of large-bodied primary consumers that were predator-resistant likely attenuated the positive nutrient effect on higher trophic levels. Consumer response to nutrient enrichment also varied with body size, but this body size effect varied with trophic level. Specifically, enrichment increased the abundance and biomass of large-bodied primary consumers, but not large-bodied predators. Nutrient enrichment also accelerated the rate that Pycnopsyche assimilated and excreted nitrogen and phosphorus. Because Pycnopsyche disproportionately increased their rate of phosphorus assimilation relative to nitrogen, Pycnopsyche facilitated phosphorus sequestration at the stream-level. Despite nutrient enrichment doubling aquatic emergence biomass, it did not increase the biomass or abundance of riparian spiders, likely because of the increased dominance of predator-resistant prey. Enrichment increased the relative abundance of Trichoptera and the individual body size of emerging adults; two groups of prey that are not readily eaten by spiders. Thus, shifts in the primary consumer composition reduced the positive effects of nutrient enrichment on instream and riparian predators. Because consumer body size was an important factor determining how nutrient enrichment affected this stream food web, such species-specific traits may be key determinants in predicting ecosystem-level responses to nutrient enrichment.

Subjects/Keywords: Headwater stream; Invertebrate; Detritus; Predator; Prey; Predator resistance; Food web efficiency; Nutrient enrichment; Body size; Species-specific trait; Assimilation; Resource subsidy; Spider; Pycnopsyche; Coweeta; Southern Appalachian

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APA (6^th Edition):

Davis, J. M. (2014). Food web response to long-term experimental enrichment of a detritus-based stream ecosystem. (Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10724/26034

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Davis, John Michael. “Food web response to long-term experimental enrichment of a detritus-based stream ecosystem.” 2014. Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10724/26034.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Davis, John Michael. “Food web response to long-term experimental enrichment of a detritus-based stream ecosystem.” 2014. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Davis JM. Food web response to long-term experimental enrichment of a detritus-based stream ecosystem. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/26034.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Davis JM. Food web response to long-term experimental enrichment of a detritus-based stream ecosystem. [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/26034

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Stirling

3. Owen, Jenny. Provision of habitat for black grouse Tetrao tetrix in commercial forest restocks in relation to their management.

Degree: PhD, School of Natural Sciences, 2011, University of Stirling

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3444

► As planted forests mature and are clearfelled in patches, second rotation tree crops (restocks) become available to black grouse, a species of conservation concern in… (more)

▼ As planted forests mature and are clearfelled in patches, second rotation tree crops (restocks) become available to black grouse, a species of conservation concern in the UK. Currently, only a limited amount is known about the resources provided by this habitat to black grouse and their broods. The aims of this study therefore, were to investigate the recovery of field-layer vegetation and the invertebrate population from restock through to canopy closure of planted trees, assess the duration of habitat availability and food resources to black grouse, and understand how forest management could improve provision. Changes to the abundance of predators resulting from habitat management were also considered. The comparative habitat quality of restocks was assessed in a wider landscape context. Field-layer vegetation in 72 restocks in two afforested areas in the north-east and the south-west of the Scottish Highlands was surveyed. On average, only 60% of ground in restocks was re-planted with second rotation trees, with the remainder left unplanted. Initial vegetation recovery was generally impeded by timber harvest residues (mainly brash), which comprised up to 50% of total ground cover two years after restock. Increased cover of heather Calluna vulgaris, often an important component of black grouse habitat, and decreased brash cover were recorded in areas of restocks where first-rotation timber was removed by cable-winch (compared with harvester and forwarder removal) and in planted areas (compared with areas left unplanted). Bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus and cotton grass Eriophorum spp. occurrence was recorded infrequently irrespective of restock age or management. Heather generally dominated the field-layer six years after restock, reaching a height and density reported to be suitable for black grouse nesting and brood cover in other studies. The onset of tree canopy closure as early as eight years suggests that suitable black grouse habitat availability in restocks is likely to be severely limited in duration. Brash removal, or break-up and re-distribution of the brash layer, positively affected the recovery of field-layer vegetation species potentially of use to black grouse. Extending the fallow period prior to restock resulted in an extended period of suitable habitat available to black grouse prior to canopy closure. However, habitat created by extending the fallow period also attracted a higher number of mammalian predators of black grouse. In the longer term, areas of restocks left unplanted should provide a valuable open-ground resource after canopy closure of the planted crop, although results suggest that management to prevent encroachment of naturally regenerating non-native trees is likely to be necessary. Invertebrate taxa selected by chicks in previous black grouse studies were available in all ages of restock studied. Taxa abundance differed as restocks aged and field-layer vegetation developed, although contrasting habitat preferences of taxa meant that each was affected differently by restock…

Subjects/Keywords: black grouse; restock; plantation; forestry; second rotation; clearfell; fallow; lek; invertebrate; predator; whole tree extraction; brash; field-layer; vegetation; heather; Grouse; Bird populations

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Owen, J. (2011). Provision of habitat for black grouse Tetrao tetrix in commercial forest restocks in relation to their management. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Stirling. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3444

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Owen, Jenny. “Provision of habitat for black grouse Tetrao tetrix in commercial forest restocks in relation to their management.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Stirling. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3444.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Owen, Jenny. “Provision of habitat for black grouse Tetrao tetrix in commercial forest restocks in relation to their management.” 2011. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Owen J. Provision of habitat for black grouse Tetrao tetrix in commercial forest restocks in relation to their management. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Stirling; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3444.

Council of Science Editors:

Owen J. Provision of habitat for black grouse Tetrao tetrix in commercial forest restocks in relation to their management. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Stirling; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3444

Lincoln University

4. Hancock, Benjamin Malcolm. Prospective generalist invertebrate predators for conservation biological control of the vineyard pests Epiphyas postvittana and Pseudococcus calceolariae.

Degree: 2015, Lincoln University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10182/7012

► A series of field surveys and experiments were performed to identify generalist invertebrate predators which could complement the parasitoid Dolichogendia tasmanica in management of the… (more)

▼ A series of field surveys and experiments were performed to identify generalist invertebrate predators which could complement the parasitoid Dolichogendia tasmanica in management of the vineyard pest Epiphyas postvittana and an additional pest Pseudococcus calceolariae. Conventional agricultural methods have been able to improve food production but some practices have been at the cost of ecosystem services, and beneficial services derived from the ecosystem. A dependence on agro-chemicals to maintain production can develop in order to substitute for services that have been lost, threatening the long-term sustainability of production. Biological control is one of these ecosystem services which can be employed in place of chemical pesticide inputs and, with prudent investigation, can maintain productivity and improve sustainability. Conservation biological control (CBC) is a form of biological control that utilises natural enemies from within the ecosystem, circumventing some of the issues traditionally associated introducing a new species with classical and augmentative biological control. Another advantage of CBC is that generalist natural enemies are potentially more acceptable to include in pest management. Traditionally, generalists have been deemed unsuitable in biological control but there could be potential as an early-season management tool to complement existing E. postvittana biological control in vineyards with D. tasmanica. Additionally, there may be an advantage of generalist predators attacking a second vineyard pest, Ps. calceolariae. To begin to identify those generalist natural enemies that may be incorporated in vineyard pest management, predator surveys of the ground and canopy of twelve organic and conventional vineyards were carried out from 2010 to 2012 in Marlborough, New Zealand. Sentinel bait cards with E. postvittana larvae or eggs were placed throughout the vineyards and the predator species attacking the pest and comparative removal rates were observed. To determine which vineyard predators of E. postvittana could attack both pest species, maximum consumption rate experiments with E. postvittana larvae and eggs, along with adult females and nymphs of Ps. calceolariae, were carried out in laboratory arenas. Subsequently, experiments were carried out in vine canopy cages to investigate interactions between the predator species and the prey preferences of predator species. Individuals of each predator species that attacked both pest species in laboratory experiments were presented with a pairwise choice of Ps. calceolariae nymphs and E. postvittana larvae or eggs to test for any prey preference by the predator species. In experiments examining inter-specific predator interactions, each combination of predator species was presented with the different prey types where a variation from the null hypothesis indicated non-linear relationships (antagonism or synergism). Three predator species were observed attacking E. postvittana eggs and larvae on bait cards in the vineyard canopy;…

Subjects/Keywords: Epiphyas postvittana; Pseudococcus calceolariae; scarlet mealybug; light brown apple moth; conservation biological control; biological control; viticulture; vineyards; Anystis baccarum; Forficula auricularia; Phalangium opilio; predator preference; prey preference; intraguild interaction; 050102 Ecosystem Function; 070603 Horticultural Crop Protection (Pests, Diseases and Weeds); 060808 Invertebrate Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hancock, B. M. (2015). Prospective generalist invertebrate predators for conservation biological control of the vineyard pests Epiphyas postvittana and Pseudococcus calceolariae. (Thesis). Lincoln University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10182/7012

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hancock, Benjamin Malcolm. “Prospective generalist invertebrate predators for conservation biological control of the vineyard pests Epiphyas postvittana and Pseudococcus calceolariae.” 2015. Thesis, Lincoln University. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/7012.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vancouver:

Hancock BM. Prospective generalist invertebrate predators for conservation biological control of the vineyard pests Epiphyas postvittana and Pseudococcus calceolariae. [Internet] [Thesis]. Lincoln University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10182/7012.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Hancock BM. Prospective generalist invertebrate predators for conservation biological control of the vineyard pests Epiphyas postvittana and Pseudococcus calceolariae. [Thesis]. Lincoln University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10182/7012

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Mississippi State University

5. Kovalenko, Katya. INDIRECT EFFECTS OF INVASIVE SPECIES: COMMUNITY EFFECTS OF INVASIVE AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL AND DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF NON-NATIVE PEACOCK BASS.

Degree: PhD, Wildlife and Fisheries, 2009, Mississippi State University

URL: http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-06252009-203011/ ;

► Biological invasions are one of the main factors responsible for the imperiled status of freshwater ecosystems, but much remains to be learned about their… (more)

▼ Biological invasions are one of the main factors responsible for the imperiled status of freshwater ecosystems, but much remains to be learned about their indirect effects on native communities. The first part of this dissertation examines community effects of long-term efforts to selectively control invasive Eurasian watermilfoil. Results of the first study show that native plants immediately recolonized treated areas and habitat complexity was unaffected. Fish community was not influenced by invasive plant control. Macroinvertebrate communities were highly variable and part of their variability could be explained by plant community attributes. Both fish and macroinvertebrates used invasive watermilfoil, which emphasizes the need for timely restoration of native macrophytes to mitigate for lost habitat. Because fish and macroinvertebrates were more affected by complexity than other attributes of plant assemblage, reestablishment of habitat complexity appears to be a promising restoration strategy. The second study, which examined species interactions after watermilfoil control, found that fish feeding activity was not correlated with invasive plants or habitat complexity and that invasive macrophyte control did not affect characteristics of fish feeding investigated. The relationship between fish and macrophytes was further explored in the context of interactions between an invasive piscivore and its native prey. First, I examined the prey naiveté hypothesis with non-native peacock bass in Paraná River, Brazil. Prey responded to visual and chemical cues of peacock bass and displayed avoidance behaviors similar to those observed with a native predator, meaning that lack of recognition was not responsible for the observed vulnerability of native species to this introduced predator. After confirming lack of naiveté, I assessed direct and indirect effects of this non-native predator on native prey. Peacock bass had no indirect effects on its prey feeding activity. Macrophyte type did not affect indirect predator-prey interactions, whereas direct predator effects slightly decreased in the presence of aquatic vegetation. I discuss implications of these findings for native biodiversity and convene other potential explanations for the observed effects of peacock bass. Both projects contribute to our understanding of the relationship between aquatic plants and their animal communities and effects of invasive species in freshwater habitats. Advisors/Committee Members: Eric D. Dibble (chair), Gary N. Ervin (committee member), John D. Madsen (committee member), Todd E. Tietjen (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: invasive macrophyte; Myriophyllum spicatum; structural complexity; fractal complexity; phytophilous macroinvertebrates; fish habitat; fish-invertebrate interactions; feeding selectivity; foraging activity; intimidation effects; predator-prey; non-native species; predator avoidance; prey naiveté; chemical cue; antipredator behavior; habitat restoration

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kovalenko, K. (2009). INDIRECT EFFECTS OF INVASIVE SPECIES: COMMUNITY EFFECTS OF INVASIVE AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL AND DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF NON-NATIVE PEACOCK BASS. (Doctoral Dissertation). Mississippi State University. Retrieved from http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-06252009-203011/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kovalenko, Katya. “INDIRECT EFFECTS OF INVASIVE SPECIES: COMMUNITY EFFECTS OF INVASIVE AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL AND DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF NON-NATIVE PEACOCK BASS.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Mississippi State University. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-06252009-203011/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kovalenko, Katya. “INDIRECT EFFECTS OF INVASIVE SPECIES: COMMUNITY EFFECTS OF INVASIVE AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL AND DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF NON-NATIVE PEACOCK BASS.” 2009. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kovalenko K. INDIRECT EFFECTS OF INVASIVE SPECIES: COMMUNITY EFFECTS OF INVASIVE AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL AND DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF NON-NATIVE PEACOCK BASS. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Mississippi State University; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-06252009-203011/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Kovalenko K. INDIRECT EFFECTS OF INVASIVE SPECIES: COMMUNITY EFFECTS OF INVASIVE AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL AND DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF NON-NATIVE PEACOCK BASS. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Mississippi State University; 2009. Available from: http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-06252009-203011/ ;

University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet

6. Lord, Hans. Morphological antipredator adaptations in water fleas.

Degree: 2009, University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/21030

► Some Bosmina and Daphnia species have the ability to develop extreme morphological antipredator defences, such as long antennules, high carapaces and helmets. The relative sizes… (more)

▼ Some Bosmina and Daphnia species have the ability to develop extreme morphological antipredator defences, such as long antennules, high carapaces and helmets. The relative sizes of these plastic traits may differ substantially between populations, and also between individuals within a population, between sexes and during ontogeny. In this thesis I examine how abiotic factors (trophic levels and temperature) and biotic factors (fish and invertebrate predators) affect the size and shape of these traits. In the first two studies, calculations based on experimental results using physical morphological models sinking in glycerine, were used to estimate body drag and energy consumption in Bosmina. Eubosmina longispina, with a low carapace and short antennules, and Eubosmina coregoni gibbera, with a very high carapace and long antennules, were examined. At 5○C, E. c. gibbera had 32-45 % higher body drag than E. longispina. At 20○C the difference was 20-45 %. A model of swimming predicted that, all else being equal, this difference should result in 18-20 % (at 5○C) or 14-16 % (at 20○C) lower swimming speed for E. c. gibbera than for E. longispina. This indicates substantial hydrodynamic costs of the morphological antipredator defences, particularly in low temperatures. The morphological antipredator defences in E. c. gibbera are larger and more variable in females than in males. Male models had lower body drag than models of asexual and sexual females, suggesting that males can swim 14-28 % faster with the same energy consumption. High speed video documentation of swimming E. c. gibbera showed that males advanced 55-73 % further than females in each swimming stroke. Hydrodynamic body drag may therefore have significant implications for swimming and evolution of sexual dimorphism in water fleas. Males may lack the defensive, but hydrodynamically expensive, high carapace of female E. c. gibbera probably because competition over mates favours low body drag. The morphology and size of heads and trunks in Daphnia cristata individuals were studied in twenty lakes in the same drainage basin. The lakes showed a variation in lake total phosphorus and in densities of invertebrate predators and fish. In the end of the summer D. cristata had varying shape and size of their heads. Our results indicate that D. cristata, in nutrient rich lakes, show adaptive morphological defences against both visually hunting and size limited predators. Female D. cristata head shape, in the examined lakes, varied from small and rounded to large and curved. A significant positive correlation between lake total phosphorus and the allometric head coefficients was found, suggesting that the most extremely shaped heads are found in nutrient-rich lakes.

Subjects/Keywords: Body drag; Daphnia cristata; Reynolds number; viscosity; zooplankton; Bosmina; swimming velocity; cyclomorphosis; sexual dimorphism; head area; helmet angle; trophic condition; allometry; invertebrate predator; fish

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lord, H. (2009). Morphological antipredator adaptations in water fleas. (Thesis). University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2077/21030

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lord, Hans. “Morphological antipredator adaptations in water fleas.” 2009. Thesis, University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/21030.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lord, Hans. “Morphological antipredator adaptations in water fleas.” 2009. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Lord H. Morphological antipredator adaptations in water fleas. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/21030.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lord H. Morphological antipredator adaptations in water fleas. [Thesis]. University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/21030

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

7. Maran, Audrey M. Predator Contributions to Belowground Responses to Warming.

Degree: MS, Biological Sciences, 2015, Bowling Green State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1434114404

► Identifying the factors that control soil carbon dioxide emissions will improve our ability to predict the magnitude of climate change-soil ecosystem feedbacks. Despite the integral… (more)

▼ Identifying the factors that control soil carbon dioxide emissions will improve our ability to predict the magnitude of climate change-soil ecosystem feedbacks. Despite the integral role of invertebrates in belowground systems, they are excluded from climate change models. Soil invertebrates have consumptive and non-consumptive effects on microbes, whose respiration accounts for nearly half of soil carbon dioxide emissions. By altering the behavior and abundance of invertebrates that interact with microbes, invertebrate predators may have indirect effects on soil respiration. This research examined the effects of a generalist arthropod predator on belowground respiration under different warming scenarios. Based on research suggesting invertebrates may mediate soil carbon dioxide emission responses to warming, predator presence was predicted to result in increased emissions by negatively affecting these invertebrates. Presence of the predator, wolf spiders (Pardosa spp.), was manipulated in mesocosms containing a community of soil invertebrates. To simulate warming, we placed mesocosms of each treatment in ten open-top warming chambers ranging from 1.5 to 5.5° C above ambient at Harvard Forest, MA. Soil carbon dioxide efflux data, microbial abundance, soil moisture, and soil temperature were measured to determine the effects of predators on belowground systems. As expected, carbon dioxide emissions increased under warming and there was an interactive effect of predator presence and warming, though the effect was not consistent through time. The interaction between predator presence and temperature was the inverse of our predictions: mesocosms with predators had lower carbon dioxide emissions at higher temperatures than those without predators. Carbon dioxide emissions were not significantly associated with microbial biomass or soil moisture. There was not find evidence of consumptive effects of predators on the invertebrate community, suggesting that predator presence mediates response of microbial respiration to warming through non-consumptive means. In this system we found a significant interaction between warming and predator presence that warrants further research into mechanism and generality of this pattern to other systems Advisors/Committee Members: Pelini, Shannon (Advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Ecology; Biology; Soil Sciences; Climate Change; climate change; warming; predator; soil; invertebrate; insect; ecology; carbon; carbon dioxide; linear mixed effects model; respiration

…predator presence on invertebrate behavior have been shown to be equal to or greater than direct… …used to look at the effects of warming and predator presence on invertebrate density and… …colder and drier climates, Blankenship et al. found stronger negative effects on invertebrate… …been shown to change invertebrate community structure (Bokhorst, Huiskes, Convey, van… …Li, Lu, Zhang, & Liang, 2013), and as with microbes, a change in invertebrate…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Maran, A. M. (2015). Predator Contributions to Belowground Responses to Warming. (Masters Thesis). Bowling Green State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1434114404

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Maran, Audrey M. “Predator Contributions to Belowground Responses to Warming.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Bowling Green State University. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1434114404.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Maran, Audrey M. “Predator Contributions to Belowground Responses to Warming.” 2015. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Maran AM. Predator Contributions to Belowground Responses to Warming. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1434114404.

Council of Science Editors:

Maran AM. Predator Contributions to Belowground Responses to Warming. [Masters Thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2015. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1434114404

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