subject:(hybrid vehicle)

University of Melbourne

1. Kim, Tae Soo. Optimal control of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle with traffic preview.

Degree: 2011, University of Melbourne

► Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) offer lower fuel consumption relative to conventional powertrains through the added functionality provided by an electric motor. The improvement in fuel… (more)

▼ Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) offer lower fuel consumption relative to conventional powertrains through the added functionality provided by an electric motor. The improvement in fuel consumption achievable through hybridisation is heavily dependent on scheduling the motor and engine appropriately, which ideally requires feed-forward information about the conditions to be encountered by the vehicle. Telemetry systems can be used to estimate future traffic conditions, and consequently a suitably equipped vehicle may control its own velocity and torque split ratio to maximise fuel efficiency under certain operating constraints. This thesis develops a real-time implementable controller for torque split and vehicle velocity of an HEV with telemetry, which alleviates computational issues of a multivariable optimal control problem by utilising optimal control theory. Using continuously updated traffic information provided by telemetry in a finite moving horizon, three controllers are proposed and analysed. The implementation in a receding horizon framework satisfies traffic constraints while sustaining the battery state of charge to within acceptable margins. First, a numerical optimisation technique is appointed in solving the multivariable optimisation problem and its computational limitations are identified especially with long preview length. In response, an optimal controller for the two control inputs is developed analytically using Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle. To handle the discontinuities in the vehicle dynamics and switching objective function between propelling and braking transition, two-stage optimality conditions have been adopted. Closed form solutions obtained are applied in receding horizon at minimal computational effort. The validity of common modelling assumptions that simplify the controller is investigated under realistic driving simulations over a range of traffic preview lengths. Simulations showed that the fuel consumption obtained using the proposed controller is within 1.2% of the benchmark result obtained by non-real time DP-based optimisation. Further extending the analysis, common simplifying assumption on engine efficiency in the controller development is relaxed to obtain more generalised controller which can be applied to a class of vehicles whose engine efficiencies are approximated in a quadratic function of engine torque. Portability of the controller is demonstrated on three different vehicle models. In addition, the impact on the proposed controller of preview duration and measurement noise is investigated. It is demonstrated that there is a maximum length of traffic preview at which powertrain hybridisation will deliver fuel economy benefits. The choice of appropriate preview length depending on the type of telemetry error present is justified.

Subjects/Keywords: optimal control; hybrid vehicle; vehicle telemetry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kim, T. S. (2011). Optimal control of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle with traffic preview. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Melbourne. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11343/36917

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kim, Tae Soo. “Optimal control of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle with traffic preview.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Melbourne. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11343/36917.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kim, Tae Soo. “Optimal control of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle with traffic preview.” 2011. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kim TS. Optimal control of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle with traffic preview. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/36917.

Council of Science Editors:

Kim TS. Optimal control of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle with traffic preview. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/36917

University of Manitoba

2. Serhal, Jonathan. Vehicle electrification using an electric auxiliary plug-in drive device.

Degree: Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2014, University of Manitoba

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23320

► The majority of vehicles over the near term will rely on petroleum, with electric vehicles poised to take over a significant market share of new… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: electric; vehicle; conversion; hybrid

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APA (6^th Edition):

Serhal, J. (2014). Vehicle electrification using an electric auxiliary plug-in drive device. (Masters Thesis). University of Manitoba. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23320

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Serhal, Jonathan. “Vehicle electrification using an electric auxiliary plug-in drive device.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Manitoba. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23320.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Serhal, Jonathan. “Vehicle electrification using an electric auxiliary plug-in drive device.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Serhal J. Vehicle electrification using an electric auxiliary plug-in drive device. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23320.

Council of Science Editors:

Serhal J. Vehicle electrification using an electric auxiliary plug-in drive device. [Masters Thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23320

McMaster University

3. Stiene, Tyler. Analysis of a Hybrid Energy Storage System and Electri ed Turbocharger in a Performance Vehicle.

Degree: MASc, 2016, McMaster University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/20884

►

This research investigates the effects of both a Hybrid Energy Storage System and an Electrified Turbocharger in a consumer performance vehicle. This research also attempts… (more)

▼

This research investigates the effects of both a Hybrid Energy Storage System and an Electrified Turbocharger in a consumer performance vehicle. This research also attempts to support the development of a prototype vehicle containing a Hybrid Energy Storage System currently being developed at McMaster University. Using a custom simulation tool developed in Matlab Simulink, Simulink models of each of the technologies were developed to predict the behavior of these subsystems across multiple physical domains. Control modeling, optimization and testing was completed for both systems. In addition, controls modeling for the Hybrid Energy Storage System was integrated with the development effort for a prototype vehicle considering the specifics of real world components. To assess the impact of these technologies on a performance vehicle platform, the simulation tool tested each technology using multiple vehicle variations. Three vehicle variants were developed, representing: a conventional performance hybrid design, a hybrid vehicle containing an electrified turbocharger, and a vehicle containing a Hybrid Energy Storage System. Electrical system peak output power was the vehicle specification held constant between each vehicle variant. Each vehicle variant was simulated against a number of traditional drive cycles representing everyday driving scenarios in an attempt to compare fuel economy while identifying each technologies individual impact on the vehicles performance. Finally, each vehicle variant was simulated using a custom performance drive cycle in a virtual race. Both technologies as assessed and in comparison to a larger battery variant, did not result in improved fuel economies during conventional vehicle driving. Both the Hybrid Energy Storage System and electrified turbocharger demonstrated improved vehicle performance in particular scenarios.

Thesis

Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Electrified vehicles have not typically been viewed as performance vehicles. A recent trend has seen a growing number of manufacturers turn to hybrid and electric powertrains to produce high performing vehicles. However, a performance vehicle's electrical power is conventionally limited by the size and power of its battery, adding weight and cost. Two technologies offer the ability to increase the power of these electrified components without the need for a large battery. First, Hybrid Energy Storage System combines ultra-capacitors and batteries to increase the power density of the system. Second, an Electrified Turbocharger improves the turbo lag of a turbocharged engine and also recovers waste heat energy from the exhaust gases which is then used to propel the vehicle. This research identifies and demonstrates the potential impact these two technologies have when included in an American Muscle Car.

Advisors/Committee Members: Emadi, Ali, Electrical and Computer Engineering.

Subjects/Keywords: Hybrid Vehicle; Vehicle Electrification; Hybrid Energy Storage System; Electrified Turbocharger

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APA (6^th Edition):

Stiene, T. (2016). Analysis of a Hybrid Energy Storage System and Electri ed Turbocharger in a Performance Vehicle. (Masters Thesis). McMaster University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11375/20884

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Stiene, Tyler. “Analysis of a Hybrid Energy Storage System and Electri ed Turbocharger in a Performance Vehicle.” 2016. Masters Thesis, McMaster University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11375/20884.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Stiene, Tyler. “Analysis of a Hybrid Energy Storage System and Electri ed Turbocharger in a Performance Vehicle.” 2016. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Stiene T. Analysis of a Hybrid Energy Storage System and Electri ed Turbocharger in a Performance Vehicle. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. McMaster University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/20884.

Council of Science Editors:

Stiene T. Analysis of a Hybrid Energy Storage System and Electri ed Turbocharger in a Performance Vehicle. [Masters Thesis]. McMaster University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/20884

4. Lau, Robert. Design, Implementation, and Testing of a High-Power Electrified Powertrain for an American Muscle Car.

Degree: MASc, 2017, McMaster University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/22327

►

This thesis outlines the design and implementation process of an electrified powertrain for use in an American muscle car. Designed as McMaster University's entrant to… (more)

▼

This thesis outlines the design and implementation process of an electrified powertrain for use in an American muscle car. Designed as McMaster University's entrant to the EcoCAR 3 Advanced Vehicle Technology Competition (AVTC), an electrified powertrain was developed to provide a Chevrolet Camaro with the performance expected by the American muscle car market while maintaining ever increasing fuel economy regulations. A background of current trends in vehicle electrification, including the prominent market segments experiencing these trends, will be explored along with the history of the classic and modern American muscle car's technical specifications. Following an investigation into existing vehicle electrification trends, the selected hybrid architecture will be discussed. The process of converting a conventional combustion powertrain into a series-parallel hybrid electric powertrain will be explored from the component-level through to full system design. Following a review of the design process for the powertrain, a high-level testing plan will be proposed using a number of test cells available within the facility. This plan will begin at the component-level exploring specific areas of potential complication and move up to complete system-level testing of powertrain functionality.

Thesis

Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Until recently, hybrid electric vehicles have tended to be available in a fairly limited market segment with few offerings for performance-oriented vehicle customers. The introduction of high performance hybrid vehicles suggests that this trend is likely to change. Increasingly more stringent fuel economy and emissions standards means that performance vehicle segments such as American muscle cars must adopt new technologies to retain their performance characteristics. Hybrid powertrains are one solution to providing and improving on the iconic performance of American muscle while meeting future regulatory changes. The addition of a number of electrified components to a gasoline powertrain can assist in achieving desired performance while reducing fuel economy. This thesis investigates the detailed design process adopted to make these modifications while maintaining the functionality expected by muscle car owners. After the design and assembly of the hybrid muscle car powertrain, a specific testing plan was laid out to ensure that the system is capable of sustaining the expected power output. This design and testing process can help introduce new hybrid vehicles to the market which are capable of meeting both the upcoming fuel economy regulations as well as the ongoing performance expectations of the muscle car market.

Advisors/Committee Members: Emadi, Ali, Mechanical Engineering.

Subjects/Keywords: Hybrid Vehicle; Vehicle Electrification; Performance Hybrid; Powertrain Electrification; Muscle Car

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lau, R. (2017). Design, Implementation, and Testing of a High-Power Electrified Powertrain for an American Muscle Car. (Masters Thesis). McMaster University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11375/22327

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lau, Robert. “Design, Implementation, and Testing of a High-Power Electrified Powertrain for an American Muscle Car.” 2017. Masters Thesis, McMaster University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11375/22327.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lau, Robert. “Design, Implementation, and Testing of a High-Power Electrified Powertrain for an American Muscle Car.” 2017. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Lau R. Design, Implementation, and Testing of a High-Power Electrified Powertrain for an American Muscle Car. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. McMaster University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/22327.

Council of Science Editors:

Lau R. Design, Implementation, and Testing of a High-Power Electrified Powertrain for an American Muscle Car. [Masters Thesis]. McMaster University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/22327

Penn State University

5. Huang, Shuaiqi. Heterogeneity in Hybrid Involved Crash Severities: an exploratory Analysis Using The Hierarchical Mixed Logit Model With Hierarchical Hybrid Vehicle Attributes .

Degree: 2015, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/26497

► In recent years, hybrid vehicles have been increasingly accepted by consumers because of environmental, economic and nonrenewable (e.g. fossil fuels) resource concerns. In addition to… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Hybrid Vehicle Crash; Hierarchical Mixed Logit Model; Hybrid Vehicle Attributes

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APA (6^th Edition):

Huang, S. (2015). Heterogeneity in Hybrid Involved Crash Severities: an exploratory Analysis Using The Hierarchical Mixed Logit Model With Hierarchical Hybrid Vehicle Attributes . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/26497

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Huang, Shuaiqi. “Heterogeneity in Hybrid Involved Crash Severities: an exploratory Analysis Using The Hierarchical Mixed Logit Model With Hierarchical Hybrid Vehicle Attributes .” 2015. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed March 05, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/26497.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Huang, Shuaiqi. “Heterogeneity in Hybrid Involved Crash Severities: an exploratory Analysis Using The Hierarchical Mixed Logit Model With Hierarchical Hybrid Vehicle Attributes .” 2015. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Huang S. Heterogeneity in Hybrid Involved Crash Severities: an exploratory Analysis Using The Hierarchical Mixed Logit Model With Hierarchical Hybrid Vehicle Attributes . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/26497.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Huang S. Heterogeneity in Hybrid Involved Crash Severities: an exploratory Analysis Using The Hierarchical Mixed Logit Model With Hierarchical Hybrid Vehicle Attributes . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2015. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/26497

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Victoria

6. Matlock, Jay Michael Todd. Evaluation of hybrid-electric propulsion systems for unmanned aerial vehicles.

Degree: Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2020, University of Victoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1828/11484

► The future of aviation technology is transitioning to cleaner, more efficient and higher endurance aircraft solutions. As fully electric propulsion systems still fall short of… (more)

▼ The future of aviation technology is transitioning to cleaner, more efficient and higher endurance aircraft solutions. As fully electric propulsion systems still fall short of the operational requirements of modern day aircraft, there is increasing pressure and demand for the aviation industry to explore alternatives to fossil fuel driven propulsion systems. The primary focus of this research is to experimentally evaluate hybrid electric propulsion systems (HEPS) for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) which combine multiple power sources to improve performance. HEPS offer several potential benefits over more conventional propulsion systems such as a smaller environmental impact, lower fuel consumption, higher endurance and novel configurations through distributed propulsion. Advanced operating modes are also possible with HEPS, increasing the vehicle’s versatility and redundancy in case of power source failure. The primary objective of the research is to combine all of the components of a small-scale HEPS together in a modular test bench for evaluation. The test bench uses components sized for a small-scale UAV including a 2.34kW two-stroke 35cc engine and a 1.65kW brushless DC motor together with an ESC capable of regenerative braking. Individual components were first tested to characterize performance, and then all components were assembled together in a parallel configuration to observe system-level performance. The parallel HEPS is capable of functioning in the four required operating modes: EM Only, ICE Only, Dash Mode (combined EM and ICE power) as well as Regenerative Mode where the onboard batteries get recharged. Further, the test bench was implemented with a supervisory controller to optimize system performance and run each component in the most efficient region to achieve torque requirements programmed into mission profiles. The logic based controller operates with the ideal operating line (IOL) concept and is implemented with a custom LabView GUI. The system is able to run on electric power or ICE power interchangeably without making any modifications to the transmission as the one-way bearing assembly engages for whichever power source is rotating at the highest speed. The most impressive of these sets of tests is the Dash mode testing where the output torque of the propeller is supplied from both the EM and ICE. Working in tandem, it was proved that the EM was drawing 19.9A of current which corresponds to an estimated 0.57Nm additional torque to the propeller for a degree of hybridization of 49.91%. Finally, the regenerative braking mode was proven to be operational, capable of recharging the battery systems at 13A. All of these operating modes attest to the flexibility and convenience of having a hybrid-electric propulsion system. The results collected from the test bench were validated against the models created in the aircraft simulation framework. This framework was created in MATLAB to simulate the performance of a small UAV and compare the performance by swapping in various propulsion systems.… Advisors/Committee Members: Suleman, Afzal (supervisor).

Subjects/Keywords: hybrid-electric propulsion; hybrid vehicle; parallel hybrid configuration; unmanned aerial vehicle; parallel hybrid test bench; UAV

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APA (6^th Edition):

Matlock, J. M. T. (2020). Evaluation of hybrid-electric propulsion systems for unmanned aerial vehicles. (Masters Thesis). University of Victoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1828/11484

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Matlock, Jay Michael Todd. “Evaluation of hybrid-electric propulsion systems for unmanned aerial vehicles.” 2020. Masters Thesis, University of Victoria. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/11484.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Matlock, Jay Michael Todd. “Evaluation of hybrid-electric propulsion systems for unmanned aerial vehicles.” 2020. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Matlock JMT. Evaluation of hybrid-electric propulsion systems for unmanned aerial vehicles. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Victoria; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1828/11484.

Council of Science Editors:

Matlock JMT. Evaluation of hybrid-electric propulsion systems for unmanned aerial vehicles. [Masters Thesis]. University of Victoria; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1828/11484

Cornell University

7. Chang, Kuming. Determinants Of U.S. Hybrid Electric Vehicle Saturation Levels And The Implications For Policy.

Degree: PhD, Regional Science, 2015, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/39366

► : The hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), a $30 billion per annum industry, has long been treated as another commodity where only its price and fuel… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: hybrid electric vehicle; fixed effects; Tax incentives

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chang, K. (2015). Determinants Of U.S. Hybrid Electric Vehicle Saturation Levels And The Implications For Policy. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/39366

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chang, Kuming. “Determinants Of U.S. Hybrid Electric Vehicle Saturation Levels And The Implications For Policy.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Cornell University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/39366.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chang, Kuming. “Determinants Of U.S. Hybrid Electric Vehicle Saturation Levels And The Implications For Policy.” 2015. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Chang K. Determinants Of U.S. Hybrid Electric Vehicle Saturation Levels And The Implications For Policy. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cornell University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/39366.

Council of Science Editors:

Chang K. Determinants Of U.S. Hybrid Electric Vehicle Saturation Levels And The Implications For Policy. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cornell University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/39366

Texas A&M University

8. Lai, Lin. A Development of Design and Control Methodology for Next Generation Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle.

Degree: PhD, Electrical Engineering, 2013, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149289

► Commercially available Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) have been around for more than ten years. However, their market share remains small. Focusing only on the improvement… (more)

▼ Commercially available Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) have been around for more than ten years. However, their market share remains small. Focusing only on the improvement of fuel economy, the design tends to reduce the size of the internal combustion engine in the HEV, and uses the electrical drive to compensate for the power gap between the load demand and the engine capacity. Unfortunately, the low power density and the high cost of the combined electric motor drive and battery packs dictate that the HEV has either worse performance or much higher price than the conventional vehicle. In this research, a new design philosophy for parallel HEV is proposed, which uses a full size engine to guarantee the vehicle performance at least as good as the conventional vehicle, and hybridizes with an electrical drive in parallel to improve the fuel economy and performance beyond the conventional cars. By analyzing the HEV fuel economy versus the increasing of the electrical drive power on typical driving conditions, the optimal hybridization electric power capacity is determined. Thus, the full size engine HEV shows significant improvement in fuel economy and performance, with relatively short cost recovery period. A new control strategy, which optimizes the fuel economy of parallel configured charge sustained hybrid electric vehicles, is proposed in the second part of this dissertation. This new approach is a constrained engine on-off strategy, which has been developed from the two extreme control strategies of maximum SOC and engine on-off, by taking their advantages and overcoming their disadvantages. A system optimization program using dynamic programming algorithm has been developed to calibrate the control parameters used in the developed control strategy, so that the control performance can be as close to the optimal solution as possible. In order to determine the sensitivity of the new control strategy to different driving conditions, a passenger car is simulated on different driving cycles. The performances of the vehicle with the new control strategy are compared with the optimal solution obtained on each driving condition with the dynamic programming optimization. The simulation result shows that the new control strategy always keeps its performance close to the optimal one, as the driving condition changes. Advisors/Committee Members: Ehsani, Mehrdad (advisor), Singh, Chanan (committee member), Bhattacharyya, Shankar (committee member), Kim, Won-jong (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Control strategy; Dynamic programming; Hybrid electric vehicle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lai, L. (2013). A Development of Design and Control Methodology for Next Generation Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149289

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lai, Lin. “A Development of Design and Control Methodology for Next Generation Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149289.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lai, Lin. “A Development of Design and Control Methodology for Next Generation Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle.” 2013. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Lai L. A Development of Design and Control Methodology for Next Generation Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149289.

Council of Science Editors:

Lai L. A Development of Design and Control Methodology for Next Generation Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149289

Penn State University

9. Rothenberger, Michael J. An Interactive Multimedia Framework for Education on Vehicle Electrification.

Degree: 2012, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/14537

► This thesis presents an interactive multimedia framework for introducing middle school students to vehicle electrification and hybridization. This framework is important because it familiarizes the… (more)

▼ This thesis presents an interactive multimedia framework for introducing middle school students to vehicle electrification and hybridization. This framework is important because it familiarizes the target audience with the societal factors driving the development of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the different fundamental layouts of HEVs including their components and operating principles, the high-level performance constraints and tradeoffs inherent in the HEV design process, and the process of mitigating competing objectives inherent to engineering design. Researchers in the field of engineering pedagogy are designing educational solutions for middle school students composed of simulations and team-based design projects to teach core science and engineering principles. This research shows that students gain a better understanding of engineering concepts and design through collaboration [1,3]. While these strategies are improving test scores among students, surveys still show they are only gaining the interest of students already involved in the study of engineering topics. Researchers in educational videogame design are constructing a process to implement learning objectives directly into interactive videogame environments [5,6]. Many studies have shown that videogame environments greatly increase motivation in students who are playing them, but still struggle to incorporate a method to allow for reasonable knowledge retention [4,6,11]. This thesis adds three novel contributions to the engineering education and educational videogame design literature. It develops an interactive environment that clearly illustrates the social relevance of hybrid vehicles so that students will see how the engineering concepts have a realistic context. This work incorporates the learning goals directly into the game objectives by using a game design method backed in well-studied pedagogic strategies. Finally, it creates an interactive framework that offers a clear and structured approach to integrate an engineering design process into a standalone learning environment. The above videogame framework is built around a process of education, vehicle design, performance assessment, and redesign. It offers the building stages to create an interactive videogame that will allow students the chance to collaborate in teams to learn the benefits and disadvantages of three main HEV configurations commonly found in the auto industry today. This work has shown the complexity of building a framework from the ground up to include educational components directly into a videogame environment that motivates its participants as well as offers the opportunity for retention of the intended learning objectives. Advisors/Committee Members: Hosam Kadry Fathy, Thesis Advisor/Co-Advisor.

Subjects/Keywords: multimedia; engineering; education; hybrid; vehicle; simulation; game

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APA (6^th Edition):

Rothenberger, M. J. (2012). An Interactive Multimedia Framework for Education on Vehicle Electrification. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/14537

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rothenberger, Michael J. “An Interactive Multimedia Framework for Education on Vehicle Electrification.” 2012. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed March 05, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/14537.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rothenberger, Michael J. “An Interactive Multimedia Framework for Education on Vehicle Electrification.” 2012. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Rothenberger MJ. An Interactive Multimedia Framework for Education on Vehicle Electrification. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/14537.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Rothenberger MJ. An Interactive Multimedia Framework for Education on Vehicle Electrification. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2012. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/14537

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Colorado State University

10. Geller, Benjamin M. Methods for advancing automobile research with energy-use simulation.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2014, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/83766

► Personal transportation has a large and increasing impact on people, society, and the environment globally. Computational energy-use simulation is becoming a key tool for automotive… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: automotive; hybrid; plug-in; simulation; systems; vehicle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Geller, B. M. (2014). Methods for advancing automobile research with energy-use simulation. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/83766

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Geller, Benjamin M. “Methods for advancing automobile research with energy-use simulation.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/83766.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Geller, Benjamin M. “Methods for advancing automobile research with energy-use simulation.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Geller BM. Methods for advancing automobile research with energy-use simulation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/83766.

Council of Science Editors:

Geller BM. Methods for advancing automobile research with energy-use simulation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/83766

Colorado State University

11. Salisbury, Shawn. Understanding fuel cell plug-in hybrid electric vehicle use, design, and functionality.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Mechanical Engineering, 2014, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/84992

► The fuel cell plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (FCPHEV) has been shown to be a promising vehicle architecture in terms of cost, emissions reduction, and reducing… (more)

▼ The fuel cell plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (FCPHEV) has been shown to be a promising vehicle architecture in terms of cost, emissions reduction, and reducing petroleum use. It combines a high power battery pack and a small fuel cell to make a zero emissions vehicle with all of the capabilities of current consumer vehicles. Previous FCPHEV studies have projected vehicle cost, emissions, and efficiency, but little work has been performed towards understanding the use, design, and functionality of the architecture. This study presents several topics which will help to advance the state of the FCPHEV. Plug-in hybrid vehicles, including FCPHEVs, can use two different sources of fuel depending upon how the vehicle is driven and charged. To quantify this fuel use, SAE J2841 establishes a utility factor method based upon transportation survey data that includes assumptions about vehicle use and battery charging habits. The utility factor model is an important tool for automakers, consumers, and researchers, and it is used by the EPA to determine the fuel economy of plug-in hybrid vehicles. In the Section A of this study, the utility factor model is examined and compared to data collected from over 1,400 Chevrolet Volts in order to assess its accuracy. Until now, there has been no large-scale set of vehicle data to which the model could be compared. Results show that the assumptions of the J2841 utility factor model are not representative of the driving behavior of this set of plug-in vehicles. A hydrogen fueled vehicle requires a high pressure gaseous fuel storage and delivery system that is very different than the fueling systems of current conventional vehicles. The design and execution of the system is critical to the safety and functionality of an FCPHEV, but previous literature on hydrogen fueled vehicles covers fuel systems in little detail. Section B of this study details the considerations that one must make when designing a high pressure hydrogen fuel system and provides an example of how those considerations were met for the FCPHEV built by Colorado State University in the EcoCAR 2 competition. The FCPHEV built for the EcoCAR 2 competition is the first of its kind to publish real-world driving data. Data taken from the vehicle during on-road testing is analyzed in Section C of this study to prove the FCPHEV concept and increase the understanding of overall system operation. The results of the driving tests demonstrate the viability of the FCPHEV and highlight its advantages over current zero emissions vehicle architectures. Advisors/Committee Members: Bradley, Thomas (advisor), Sega, Ronald (committee member), Kirkpatrcik, Allan (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: fuel cell; plug-in hybrid vehicle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Salisbury, S. (2014). Understanding fuel cell plug-in hybrid electric vehicle use, design, and functionality. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/84992

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Salisbury, Shawn. “Understanding fuel cell plug-in hybrid electric vehicle use, design, and functionality.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/84992.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Salisbury, Shawn. “Understanding fuel cell plug-in hybrid electric vehicle use, design, and functionality.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Salisbury S. Understanding fuel cell plug-in hybrid electric vehicle use, design, and functionality. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/84992.

Council of Science Editors:

Salisbury S. Understanding fuel cell plug-in hybrid electric vehicle use, design, and functionality. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/84992

Delft University of Technology

12. Holwerda, K. (author). Development of a Dragstart Control Logic in a Hybrid Electric Vehicle.

Degree: 2013, Delft University of Technology

URL: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:54ff6cdf-59a5-4280-a156-963006c7178c

Not available because of confidentiality

Precision and Microsystems Engineering

Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering

Advisors/Committee Members: Holweg, E.G.M. (mentor), Knape, L.H. (mentor), De Vries, E.J.H. (mentor).

Subjects/Keywords: Dragstart Control Logic; Hybrid Electric Vehicle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Holwerda, K. (. (2013). Development of a Dragstart Control Logic in a Hybrid Electric Vehicle. (Masters Thesis). Delft University of Technology. Retrieved from http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:54ff6cdf-59a5-4280-a156-963006c7178c

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Holwerda, K (author). “Development of a Dragstart Control Logic in a Hybrid Electric Vehicle.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Delft University of Technology. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:54ff6cdf-59a5-4280-a156-963006c7178c.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Holwerda, K (author). “Development of a Dragstart Control Logic in a Hybrid Electric Vehicle.” 2013. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Holwerda K(. Development of a Dragstart Control Logic in a Hybrid Electric Vehicle. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:54ff6cdf-59a5-4280-a156-963006c7178c.

Council of Science Editors:

Holwerda K(. Development of a Dragstart Control Logic in a Hybrid Electric Vehicle. [Masters Thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2013. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:54ff6cdf-59a5-4280-a156-963006c7178c

McMaster University

13. George, Andrew. Propulsion System Integration of a Parallel Through The Road Hybrid Electric Vehicle.

Degree: MASc, 2020, McMaster University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/26039

►

This thesis outlines the mechanical design and integration of a P0/P4 Parallel Through-the-Road Hybrid Electric Vehicle. The vehicle is McMaster University’s entrant into the EcoCAR… (more)

▼

This thesis outlines the mechanical design and integration of a P0/P4 Parallel Through-the-Road Hybrid Electric Vehicle. The vehicle is McMaster University’s entrant into the EcoCAR Mobility Challenge, the current offering of the long running Advanced Vehicle Technology Competition series. The competition challenges students to electrify a 2019 Chevrolet Blazer, while meeting the needs of a car sharing platform. The design of the McMaster vehicle will be explored, starting with a walkthrough of the architecture selection process performed in the first year of competition. The design process of both powertrains will be examined, starting with component selection and working up to assembly integration. Particular attention will be paid to the rear electrified powertrain, which has been designed from the ground up for this purpose, including custom single speed gear reduction. The current integration status of the vehicle will be shown. Timeline delays due to the COVID-19 pandemic will be discussed, as well as next steps to move towards complete vehicle integration. A vehicle testing plan will be put forward, using the cutting edge systems available at the McMaster Automotive Resource Center.

Thesis

Master of Applied Science (MASc)

As Hybrid Electric Vehicles continue to grow in market share, the Advanced Vehicle Technology Competition series seeks to challenge and train students in this booming industry. The current competition in this series is the EcoCAR Mobility Challenge, where students must re-engineer a 2019 Chevrolet Blazer into a hybrid vehicle over four years. The vehicle is to incorporate new autonomous technologies, as well as be targeted at a car sharing application. The McMaster University Engineering EcoCAR team has entered into this competition. This thesis describes the detailed mechanical design of the new vehicle. This begins by examining the selected hybrid layout, or architecture. Then the design process of individual systems is shown, with emphasis on how each system meets the McMaster team goals. Then the current state of the vehicle is shown, and delays due to COVID-19 are discussed. Finally, a testing plan is proposed, to ensure all systems can meet their design goals.

Advisors/Committee Members: Emadi, Ali, Mechanical Engineering.

Subjects/Keywords: EcoCAR; Hybrid; Electric Vehicle; Through The Road

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APA (6^th Edition):

George, A. (2020). Propulsion System Integration of a Parallel Through The Road Hybrid Electric Vehicle. (Masters Thesis). McMaster University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11375/26039

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

George, Andrew. “Propulsion System Integration of a Parallel Through The Road Hybrid Electric Vehicle.” 2020. Masters Thesis, McMaster University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11375/26039.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

George, Andrew. “Propulsion System Integration of a Parallel Through The Road Hybrid Electric Vehicle.” 2020. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

George A. Propulsion System Integration of a Parallel Through The Road Hybrid Electric Vehicle. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. McMaster University; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/26039.

Council of Science Editors:

George A. Propulsion System Integration of a Parallel Through The Road Hybrid Electric Vehicle. [Masters Thesis]. McMaster University; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/26039

University of Minnesota

14. Strohmaier, Kyle Glenn. Modeling, Optimization, and Detailed Design of a Hydraulic Flywheel-Accumulator.

Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2014, University of Minnesota

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/165596

► Improving mobile energy storage technology is an important means of addressing concerns over fossil fuel scarcity and energy independence. Traditional hydraulic accumulator energy storage, though… (more)

▼ Improving mobile energy storage technology is an important means of addressing concerns over fossil fuel scarcity and energy independence. Traditional hydraulic accumulator energy storage, though favorable in power density, durability, cost, and environmental impact, suffers from relatively low energy density and a pressure-dependent state of charge. The hydraulic flywheel-accumulator concept utilizes both the hydro-pneumatic and rotating kinetic energy domains by employing a rotating pressure vessel. This thesis provides an in-depth analysis of the hydraulic flywheel-accumulator concept and an assessment of the advantages it offers over traditional static accumulator energy storage.After specifying a practical architecture for the hydraulic flywheel-accumulator, this thesis addresses the complex fluid phenomena and control implications associated with multi-domain energy storage. To facilitate rapid selection of the hydraulic flywheel-accumulator dimensions, computationally inexpensive material stress models are developed for each component. A drive cycle simulation strategy is also developed to assess the dynamic performance of the device. The stress models and performance simulation are combined to form a toolset that facilitates computationally-efficient model-based design.The aforementioned toolset has been embedded into a multi-objective optimization algorithm that aims to minimize the mass of the hydraulic flywheel-accumulator system and to minimize the losses it incurs over the course of a drive cycle. Two optimizations have been performed - one with constraints that reflect a vehicle-scale application, and one with constraints that reflect a laboratory application. At both scales, the optimization results suggest that the hydraulic flywheel-accumulator offers at least an order of magnitude improvement over traditional static accumulator energy storage, while operating at efficiencies between 75% and 93%. A particular hydraulic flywheel-accumulator design has been selected from the set of laboratory-scale optimization results and subjected to a detailed design process. It is recommended that this selection be constructed and tested as a laboratory prototype.

Subjects/Keywords: Energy; Hybrid; Hydraulic; Powertrain; Storage; Vehicle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Strohmaier, K. G. (2014). Modeling, Optimization, and Detailed Design of a Hydraulic Flywheel-Accumulator. (Masters Thesis). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/165596

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Strohmaier, Kyle Glenn. “Modeling, Optimization, and Detailed Design of a Hydraulic Flywheel-Accumulator.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Minnesota. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11299/165596.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Strohmaier, Kyle Glenn. “Modeling, Optimization, and Detailed Design of a Hydraulic Flywheel-Accumulator.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Strohmaier KG. Modeling, Optimization, and Detailed Design of a Hydraulic Flywheel-Accumulator. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/165596.

Council of Science Editors:

Strohmaier KG. Modeling, Optimization, and Detailed Design of a Hydraulic Flywheel-Accumulator. [Masters Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/165596

Clemson University

15. Tao, Xinran (William). Design, Modeling and Control of a Thermal Management System for Hybrid Electric Vehicles.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2016, Clemson University

URL: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1631

► Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) technology has evolved in the last two decades to become economically feasible for mass produced automobiles. With the integration of a… (more)

▼ Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) technology has evolved in the last two decades to become economically feasible for mass produced automobiles. With the integration of a lithium battery pack and electric motors, HEVs offer a significantly higher fuel efficiency than traditional vehicles that are driven solely by an internal combustion engine. However, the additional HEV components also introduce new challenges for the powertrain thermal management system design. In addition to the common internal combustion engine, the battery pack, the generator(s), as well as the electric motor(s) are now widely applied in the HEVs and have become new heat sources and they also require proper thermal management. Conventional cooling systems have been typically equipped with a belt driven water pump and radiator fan, as well as other mechanical actuators such as the thermostat valve. The operation of these components is generally determined by the engine speed. This open-loop cooling strategy has a low efficiency and suffers the risk of over-cooling the coolant and components within the system. In advanced thermal management systems, the mechanical elements are upgraded by computer controlled actuators including a servo-motor driven pump, variable speed fans, a smart thermostat, and an electric motor driven compressor. These electrified actuators offer the opportunity to improve temperature tracking and reduce parasitic losses. This dissertation investigates a HEV powertrain thermal management system featuring computer controlled cooling system actuators. A suite of mathematical models have been created to describe the thermal behaviour of the HEV powertrain components. Model based controllers were developed for the vehicle's cooling systems including the battery pack, electric motors, and internal combustion engine. Optimal control theory has been applied to determine the ideal battery cooling air temperature and the desired heat removal rate on e-motor cooling surface. A model predictive controller(MPC) was developed to regulate the refrigerant compressor and track the battery cooling air temperature. A series of Lyapunov-based nonlinear controllers have been implemented to regulate the coolant pumps and radiator fans in the cooling systems for the engine and e-motors. Representative numerical results are presented and discussed. Overall, the proposed control strategies have demonstrated the effectiveness in improving both the temperature tracking performance and the cooling system power consumption reduction. The peak temperature error in the selected A123 battery core can be tracked within 0.25 C of the target; a 50% reduction of the vapor compression system energy consumption can be obtained by properly designing the cooling air flow structure. Similarly, the cooling system of HEV electric motors shows that the machine internal peak temperature can be tracked to the target value with a maximum error of 3.9 C and an average error of 0.13 C. A 70% to 81% cooling system energy consumption reduction can be… Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. John R. Wagner, Committee Chair, Dr. Richard S. Miller, Dr. Todd Schweisinger, Dr. Ardalan Vahidi.

Subjects/Keywords: Battery; Controller; Hybrid Electric Vehicle; Thermal Management

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tao, X. (. (2016). Design, Modeling and Control of a Thermal Management System for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. (Doctoral Dissertation). Clemson University. Retrieved from https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1631

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tao, Xinran (William). “Design, Modeling and Control of a Thermal Management System for Hybrid Electric Vehicles.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Clemson University. Accessed March 05, 2021. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1631.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tao, Xinran (William). “Design, Modeling and Control of a Thermal Management System for Hybrid Electric Vehicles.” 2016. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Tao X(. Design, Modeling and Control of a Thermal Management System for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Clemson University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1631.

Council of Science Editors:

Tao X(. Design, Modeling and Control of a Thermal Management System for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Clemson University; 2016. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1631

Loughborough University

16. Kells, Ashley J. Optimised control of an advanced hybrid powertrain using combined criteria for energy efficiency and driveline vibrations.

Degree: PhD, 2002, Loughborough University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/34429

► This thesis discusses a general approach to hybrid powertrain control based on optimisation and optimal control techniques. A typical strategy comprises a high level non-linear… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: 629; Hybrid vehicle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kells, A. J. (2002). Optimised control of an advanced hybrid powertrain using combined criteria for energy efficiency and driveline vibrations. (Doctoral Dissertation). Loughborough University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2134/34429

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kells, Ashley J. “Optimised control of an advanced hybrid powertrain using combined criteria for energy efficiency and driveline vibrations.” 2002. Doctoral Dissertation, Loughborough University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2134/34429.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kells, Ashley J. “Optimised control of an advanced hybrid powertrain using combined criteria for energy efficiency and driveline vibrations.” 2002. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kells AJ. Optimised control of an advanced hybrid powertrain using combined criteria for energy efficiency and driveline vibrations. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Loughborough University; 2002. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/34429.

Council of Science Editors:

Kells AJ. Optimised control of an advanced hybrid powertrain using combined criteria for energy efficiency and driveline vibrations. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Loughborough University; 2002. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/34429

Delft University of Technology

17. Tan, C. (author). Electric Vehicle Traction Drive Using Si/SiC Hybrid Switches.

Degree: 2020, Delft University of Technology

URL: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8cc69363-d934-4e11-9f52-5b4acb44220b

► The parallel connection of a Silicon (Si)-based IGBT and a Silicon Carbide (SiC)-based MOSFET forming a so called hybrid switch can be used to capitalize… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Electric Vehicle; SiC; Hybrid Switch; motor drive

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tan, C. (. (2020). Electric Vehicle Traction Drive Using Si/SiC Hybrid Switches. (Masters Thesis). Delft University of Technology. Retrieved from http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8cc69363-d934-4e11-9f52-5b4acb44220b

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tan, C (author). “Electric Vehicle Traction Drive Using Si/SiC Hybrid Switches.” 2020. Masters Thesis, Delft University of Technology. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8cc69363-d934-4e11-9f52-5b4acb44220b.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tan, C (author). “Electric Vehicle Traction Drive Using Si/SiC Hybrid Switches.” 2020. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Tan C(. Electric Vehicle Traction Drive Using Si/SiC Hybrid Switches. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8cc69363-d934-4e11-9f52-5b4acb44220b.

Council of Science Editors:

Tan C(. Electric Vehicle Traction Drive Using Si/SiC Hybrid Switches. [Masters Thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2020. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8cc69363-d934-4e11-9f52-5b4acb44220b

Cornell University

18. White, Corey. Integrating Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles And Vehicle-To-Grid Technology Into The New York Electricity Market.

Degree: M.S., Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Economics, 2011, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29254

► The introduction of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) into the transportation system will provide both opportunities and challenges for those who own the vehicles and… (more)

▼ The introduction of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) into the transportation system will provide both opportunities and challenges for those who own the vehicles and power systems operators. The opportunities come in the form of the ability to provide vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services including peak load reduction and frequency regulation. Utilizing these services can provide profits for the vehicle owners, cost savings for the grid operators, and reduced air pollution. The primary goal of this study is to analyze these benefits from the viewpoint of the individual vehicle owner. It is found that there is little financial incentive when V2G services are used for peak reduction. There is much greater potential for financial return when V2G services are used to provide frequency regulation, likely enough to incentivize many people to participate in such a program. Proposed in this paper is a system that combines these V2G services into a single program, which could have the effect of ensuring profits for the individual, while still providing cost-saving opportunities for grid operators, and emission reductions during the times when it is needed most. In addition to the opportunities brought about by increased penetration of PHEVs, there are challenges as well. This comes mainly in the form of increased demand for electricity. The possible effects on electricity load of increased PHEV penetration and V2G participation are analyzed in this paper. Furthermore, an econometric model is used to predict the effect of increased electricity load on electricity price at each hour of the day. It is found that increased PHEV penetration can (in a regulated charging scheme) increase electricity loads and prices during the hours when electricity loads and prices are currently lowest. Furthermore, if V2G technology is used for peak reduction, electricity loads and prices can be reduced during peak electricity demand hours. The overall effect of this is a flattening of the daily electricity load and price profiles, which is likely to be beneficial for power system operators. The flattening of the daily electricity price profile has the effect of reducing profits when V2G technology is used for peak reduction because it raises the price during charging (buying electricity) and lowers the price during discharging (selling electricity). While the analysis presented here works within the framework of the current electricity markets, it is possible that the best use for V2G technology could come in a program that allows grid operators to dispatch the stored energy for the optimal purpose (e.g.: peak reduction, regulation, reserves, ramping) at any period of time. This would require a different type of market structure, possibly even a separate market for storage, in which V2G services could participate. Advisors/Committee Members: Mount, Timothy Douglas (chair), Zhang, Ke (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV); Vehicle to Grid (V2G); Energy

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APA (6^th Edition):

White, C. (2011). Integrating Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles And Vehicle-To-Grid Technology Into The New York Electricity Market. (Masters Thesis). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29254

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

White, Corey. “Integrating Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles And Vehicle-To-Grid Technology Into The New York Electricity Market.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Cornell University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29254.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

White, Corey. “Integrating Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles And Vehicle-To-Grid Technology Into The New York Electricity Market.” 2011. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

White C. Integrating Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles And Vehicle-To-Grid Technology Into The New York Electricity Market. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Cornell University; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29254.

Council of Science Editors:

White C. Integrating Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles And Vehicle-To-Grid Technology Into The New York Electricity Market. [Masters Thesis]. Cornell University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29254

University of Ontario Institute of Technology

19. Hamut, Halil S. Exergy and exergoeconomic analyses and optimization of thermal management systems in electric and hybrid electric vehicles.

Degree: 2012, University of Ontario Institute of Technology

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10155/888

► With the recent improvements in battery technologies, in terms of energy density, cost and size, the electric (EV) and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) technologies have… (more)

▼ With the recent improvements in battery technologies, in terms of energy density, cost and size, the electric (EV) and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) technologies have shown that they can compete with conventional vehicles in many areas. Although EVs and HEVs offer potential solutions for many key issues related to conventional vehicles, they still face considerable challenges that prevent the widespread commercialization of these technologies, such as thermal management of batteries and electrification. In this PhD thesis, a liquid thermal management system (TMS) for hybrid electric vehicles is investigated and evaluated against alternative thermal management systems, and optimal parameters are selected to maximize the system efficiency. In order to achieve this goal, a model of the liquid thermal management system is established to determine the irreversibilities and second-law efficiencies associated with the overall system and its components. Furthermore, the effects of different configurations, refrigerants and operating conditions are analyzed with respect to conventional exergy analyses. In addition, advanced exergy analyses are also conducted in order to better identify critical relationships between the TMS components and determine where the system improvement efforts should be concentrated. Moreover, investment costs are calculated and cost formation of the system is developed in order to evaluate the TMS with respect to exergoeconomic principles and provide corresponding recommendations. Environmental impact correlations are developed, along with a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA), to highlight components causing significant environmental impact, and to suggest trends and possibilities for improvement based on the exergoenvironmental variables. Finally, the TMS is optimized using multi-objective evolutionary algorithm which considers exergetic and exergoeconomic as well as exergetic and exergoenvironmental objectives simultaneously with respect to the decision variables and constraints. Based on the conducted research for the studied system under the baseline conditions, the exergy efficiency, total cost rate and environmental impact rate are determined to be 0.29, ??28/h and 77.3 mPts/h, respectively. The exergy destruction associated with each component is split into endogenous/exogenous and avoidable/unavoidable parts, where the exogenous exergy destruction is determined to be relatively small but significant portion of the total exergy destruction in each component (up to 40%), indicating a moderate level of interdependencies among the components of the TMS. Furthermore, it is determined that up to 70% of the exergy destruction calculated within the components could potentially be avoided. According to the analyses, electric battery is determined to have the highest exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental importance in the system, with cost rate of ??3.5/h and environmental impact value of 37.72 mPts/h, due to the high production cost of lithium ion batteries… Advisors/Committee Members: Dincer, Ibrahim, Naterer, Greg F..

Subjects/Keywords: Exergy; Exergoeconomic analysis; Thermal management system; Electric vehicle; Hybrid electric vehicle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hamut, H. S. (2012). Exergy and exergoeconomic analyses and optimization of thermal management systems in electric and hybrid electric vehicles. (Thesis). University of Ontario Institute of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10155/888

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hamut, Halil S. “Exergy and exergoeconomic analyses and optimization of thermal management systems in electric and hybrid electric vehicles.” 2012. Thesis, University of Ontario Institute of Technology. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10155/888.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hamut, Halil S. “Exergy and exergoeconomic analyses and optimization of thermal management systems in electric and hybrid electric vehicles.” 2012. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Hamut HS. Exergy and exergoeconomic analyses and optimization of thermal management systems in electric and hybrid electric vehicles. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Ontario Institute of Technology; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10155/888.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Hamut HS. Exergy and exergoeconomic analyses and optimization of thermal management systems in electric and hybrid electric vehicles. [Thesis]. University of Ontario Institute of Technology; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10155/888

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Bath

20. Enang, Wisdom. Robust real-time control of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle.

Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Bath

URL: https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/robust-realtime-control-of-a-parallel-hybrid-electric-vehicle(701f97df-949e-433a-a993-731268c2d754).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720652

► The gradual decline in global oil reserves and the presence of ever so stringent emissions rules around the world have created an urgent need for… (more)

▼ The gradual decline in global oil reserves and the presence of ever so stringent emissions rules around the world have created an urgent need for the production of automobiles with improved fuel economy. HEVs (hybrid electric vehicles) have proved a viable option to guaranteeing improved fuel economy and reduced emissions. The fuel consumption benefits which can be realised when utilising HEV architecture are dependent on how much braking energy is regenerated, and how well the regenerated energy is utilised. The challenge in developing a real-time HEV control strategy lies in the satisfaction of often conflicting control constraints involving fuel consumption, emissions and driveability without over-depleting the battery state of charge at the end of the defined driving cycle. Reviewed literature indicates some research gaps and hence exploitable study areas for which this thesis intends to address. For example, despite the research advances made, HEV energy management is still lacking in several key areas: optimisation of braking energy regeneration; real-time sub-optimal control of HEV for robustness, charge sustenance and fuel reduction; and real-time vehicle speed control. Consequently, this thesis aims to primarily develop novel real-time near-optimal control strategies for a parallel HEV, with a view to achieving robustness, fuel savings and charge sustenance simultaneously, under various levels of obtainable driving information (no route preview information, partial route preview information). Using a validated HEV dynamic simulation model, the following novel formulations are proposed in this thesis and subsequently evaluated in real time: 1. A simple grouping system useful for classifying standard and real-world driving cycles on the basis of aggressivity and road type. 2. A simple and effective near-optimal heuristic control strategy with no access to route preview information. 3. A dynamic programming-inspired real-time near-optimal control strategy with no access to route preview information. 4. An ECMS (Equivalent Consumption Minimisation Strategy) inspired real-time near-optimal control strategy with no access to route preview information. 5. An ECMS-inspired real-time near-optimal control strategy with partial access to route preview information. 6. A dynamic programming based route-optimal vehicle speed control strategy which accounts for real-time dynamic effects like engine braking, while solving an optimisation problem involving the maximisation of fuel savings with little or no penalty to trip time. 7. A real-time vehicle speed control approach, which is based on smoothing the speed trajectory of the lead vehicle, consequently reducing the acceleration and deceleration events that the intelligent vehicle (follower vehicle) will undergo. This smoothing effect translates into reduced fuel consumption, which tends to increase with increasing traffic preview window. Among other studies performed in this thesis, the fuel savings potential of the proposed near-optimal controllers was investigated in…

Subjects/Keywords: 629.22; Hybrid vehicle; Control; Electric vehicle; automotive engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Enang, W. (2017). Robust real-time control of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Bath. Retrieved from https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/robust-realtime-control-of-a-parallel-hybrid-electric-vehicle(701f97df-949e-433a-a993-731268c2d754).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720652

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Enang, Wisdom. “Robust real-time control of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Bath. Accessed March 05, 2021. https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/robust-realtime-control-of-a-parallel-hybrid-electric-vehicle(701f97df-949e-433a-a993-731268c2d754).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720652.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Enang, Wisdom. “Robust real-time control of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle.” 2017. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Enang W. Robust real-time control of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Bath; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/robust-realtime-control-of-a-parallel-hybrid-electric-vehicle(701f97df-949e-433a-a993-731268c2d754).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720652.

Council of Science Editors:

Enang W. Robust real-time control of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Bath; 2017. Available from: https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/robust-realtime-control-of-a-parallel-hybrid-electric-vehicle(701f97df-949e-433a-a993-731268c2d754).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720652

21. Åkvist, William. Virtual Platform for Reinforcement Learning Research for Heavy Vehicles .

Degree: Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för mekanik och maritima vetenskaper, 2020, Chalmers University of Technology

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12380/300827

► The main objective of the project, tasked by Volvo Group Trucks Technology, is to implement a reinforcement learning agent in a open-source vehicle simulation model… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: reinforcement learning; vehicle simulation; VehProp; hybrid electric vehicle

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Åkvist, W. (2020). Virtual Platform for Reinforcement Learning Research for Heavy Vehicles . (Thesis). Chalmers University of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12380/300827

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Åkvist, William. “Virtual Platform for Reinforcement Learning Research for Heavy Vehicles .” 2020. Thesis, Chalmers University of Technology. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12380/300827.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Åkvist, William. “Virtual Platform for Reinforcement Learning Research for Heavy Vehicles .” 2020. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Åkvist W. Virtual Platform for Reinforcement Learning Research for Heavy Vehicles . [Internet] [Thesis]. Chalmers University of Technology; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12380/300827.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Åkvist W. Virtual Platform for Reinforcement Learning Research for Heavy Vehicles . [Thesis]. Chalmers University of Technology; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12380/300827

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

22. Deng, Shengwei. Combining Powertrain Efficiency and Drivability for Optimizing Hybrid Development .

Degree: Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för mekanik och maritima vetenskaper, 2019, Chalmers University of Technology

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12380/300623

► It is undisputed that vehicle hybridization has become one of the most prospective solution to the global energy and environmental problems caused by the transport… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Hybrid electric vehicle; Powertrain efficiency; Objective drivability assessment; Vehicle simulation; Optimization

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APA (6^th Edition):

Deng, S. (2019). Combining Powertrain Efficiency and Drivability for Optimizing Hybrid Development . (Thesis). Chalmers University of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12380/300623

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Deng, Shengwei. “Combining Powertrain Efficiency and Drivability for Optimizing Hybrid Development .” 2019. Thesis, Chalmers University of Technology. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12380/300623.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Deng, Shengwei. “Combining Powertrain Efficiency and Drivability for Optimizing Hybrid Development .” 2019. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Deng S. Combining Powertrain Efficiency and Drivability for Optimizing Hybrid Development . [Internet] [Thesis]. Chalmers University of Technology; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12380/300623.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Deng S. Combining Powertrain Efficiency and Drivability for Optimizing Hybrid Development . [Thesis]. Chalmers University of Technology; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12380/300623

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

23. Araújo, Filipe Alexandre Simões de. Conversão de veículos diesel para tração elétrica.

Degree: 2013, Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa

URL: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:repositorio.ipl.pt:10400.21/3902

►

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Tem-se assistido nos últimos tempos a um aumento do preço do crude… (more)

▼

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Tem-se assistido nos últimos tempos a um aumento do preço do crude e este facto tem levado a um decréscimo acentuado na procura de veículos movidos a combustível fóssil, como se verificou nos últimos anos no nosso país. Impõe-se deste modo, uma procura de alternativas à dependência crónica do crude por parte do setor dos transportes e do parque automóvel em geral. O presente trabalho debruçou-se sobre o estudo económico-financeiro da conversão de veículos diesel em elétricos da frota da Base Aérea n.º6, no Montijo, sem comprometimento da sua atividade diária. Após conhecida a tipologia dos veículos passíveis de conversão para tração elétrica, o estudo centrou-se na existência de vantagens nessa conversão ao nível económico, comparando o investimento desta com os custos associados à manutenção com motorização diesel. Para o efeito recolheram-se os dados relativos a estes veículos, tais como os custos de aquisição, sustentação e percursos efetuados durante o período de janeiro a dezembro de 2012, dados esses que permitiram concluir sobre as vantagens económicas da referida conversão.

In the last few years, we have witnessed in Portugal to a growth in the price of crude and this led to a decline in the demand for vehicles powered by fossil fuel. It is urgent to search new alternatives for the transport sector as there is a chronic reliance for petroleum and its derivatives. This work focused on the economic and financial study of the conversion of diesel vehicles of Air Base nº6 in Montijo into electric vehicles, considering that all the daily activities performed by them were not compromised. After knowing the type of vehicle that can be converted to electric traction, the study will be to determine whether this is an advantageous process considering the initial investments and maintenance costs of both vehicles. To this purpose it was collected innumerous information, such as initial costs, maintenance expenses and their routes from January to December 2012, which will confirm whether it is economically advantageous to convert them.

Advisors/Committee Members: Costa, Jorge Mendonça e, Sobral, José.

Subjects/Keywords: Veículo elétrico; Veículo elétrico híbrido; Electric vehicle; Hybrid electric vehicle; Plug-In electric vehicle

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Araújo, F. A. S. d. (2013). Conversão de veículos diesel para tração elétrica. (Thesis). Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa. Retrieved from http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:repositorio.ipl.pt:10400.21/3902

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Araújo, Filipe Alexandre Simões de. “Conversão de veículos diesel para tração elétrica.” 2013. Thesis, Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:repositorio.ipl.pt:10400.21/3902.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Araújo, Filipe Alexandre Simões de. “Conversão de veículos diesel para tração elétrica.” 2013. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Araújo FASd. Conversão de veículos diesel para tração elétrica. [Internet] [Thesis]. Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:repositorio.ipl.pt:10400.21/3902.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Araújo FASd. Conversão de veículos diesel para tração elétrica. [Thesis]. Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa; 2013. Available from: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:repositorio.ipl.pt:10400.21/3902

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Colorado State University

24. Echter, Nicholas. Parallel hydraulic pressure assist/work circuit hybrids for automated side loader refuse vehicles.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Mechanical Engineering, 2012, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/68005

► Hydraulic hybrids have been a subject of study for some time now and the application of these hybrids to refuse vehicles has been thoroughly explored.… (more)

▼ Hydraulic hybrids have been a subject of study for some time now and the application of these hybrids to refuse vehicles has been thoroughly explored. There is a lesser known subset of these which are known as pressure assist or work circuit hybrids that have unique potential to the field. Work circuit hybrids operate similar to a parallel hydraulic hybrid in that energy is captured and stored during regenerative braking. These hybrids differ in that the energy is then used to operate the hydraulic cylinders that handle and compact the refuse rather than reaccelerating the vehicle. Work circuit hybrids can be applied to many types of vehicles but the refuse vehicle application is the focus of this study. It was known prior to this study that work circuit hybrids are a potential solution to improve the fuel economy of refuse vehicles. However, prior to this study, the design of a work circuit hybrid had not been outlined in the literature. It was the goal of this thesis to answer the following questions. What are the fuel economy and cost characteristics of an optimized work circuit hybrid, and can an advanced hydraulic work circuit design justify further development towards productization? To answer these questions the study began by exploring, at a high level, the feasibility of work circuit hybrids on refuse vehicles. Then, two automated side loader, 28 cubic yard (21.4 m3), McNeilus Street Force MA refuse vehicles that operate on residential routes throughout Denver's surrounding areas were instrumented to produce drive cycle and hydraulic duty cycle data. This data was used to understand vehicle operation and to validate a reverse facing dynamic model of the stock refuse vehicle. A hybrid model was then produces and used in conjunction with a non-linear optimization algorithm to determine the potential benefit of this technology. This study concluded that a work circuit hybrid providing energy to the arm of a side loader refuse vehicle could achieve a 2.3% reduction in fuel consumption with a 4 year payback period using optimally sized hybrid components. The fuel usage reduction for these hybrids is limited to how well the available energy from regenerative braking is matched with the energy required by the work circuit. For this study, only 16% of the braking energy was utilized due to the selection of vehicle and hydraulic circuit. Work circuit hybrids also enable the use of an idle stop control logic, creating a unique opportunity to combine these two technologies yielding a fuel savings of 21.6% for the same vehicle. There are still some challenges to overcome before this technology can be truly understood. One such challenge is the fact that these hybrids require control of the torque converter lock up clutch and the transmission shifting strategy to make an engine driven configuration feasible. Implementing idle stop may also have hidden challenges including energy losses and emissions issues. However, it is the conclusion of this study that work circuit hybrids do offer a unique set of desired… Advisors/Committee Members: Bradley, Thomas (advisor), Babbitt, Guy (committee member), Young, Peter (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: hybrid; hydraulic hybrid; idle stop; pressure assist; refuse vehicle; work circuit

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Echter, N. (2012). Parallel hydraulic pressure assist/work circuit hybrids for automated side loader refuse vehicles. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/68005

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Echter, Nicholas. “Parallel hydraulic pressure assist/work circuit hybrids for automated side loader refuse vehicles.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/68005.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Echter, Nicholas. “Parallel hydraulic pressure assist/work circuit hybrids for automated side loader refuse vehicles.” 2012. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Echter N. Parallel hydraulic pressure assist/work circuit hybrids for automated side loader refuse vehicles. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/68005.

Council of Science Editors:

Echter N. Parallel hydraulic pressure assist/work circuit hybrids for automated side loader refuse vehicles. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/68005

Virginia Tech

25. Alley, Robert Jesse. VTool: A Method for Predicting and Understanding the Energy Flow and Losses in Advanced Vehicle Powertrains.

Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2012, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33697

► As the global demand for energy increases, the people of the United States are increasingly subject to high and ever-rising oil prices. Additionally, the U.S.… (more)

▼ As the global demand for energy increases, the people of the United States are increasingly subject to high and ever-rising oil prices. Additionally, the U.S. transportation sector accounts for 27% of total nationwide Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. In the U.S. transportation sector, light-duty passenger vehicles account for about 58% of energy use. Therefore incremental improvements in light-duty vehicle efficiency and energy use will significantly impact the overall landscape of energy use in America. A crucial step to designing and building more efficient vehicles is modeling powertrain energy consumption. While accurate modeling is indeed key to effective and efficient design, a fundamental understanding of the powertrain and auxiliary systems that contribute to energy consumption for a vehicle is equally as important if not more important. This thesis presents a methodology that has been packaged into a tool, called VTool, that can be used to estimate the energy consumption of a vehicle powertrain. The method is intrinsically designed to foster understanding of the vehicle powertrain as it relates to energy consumption while still providing reasonably accurate results. VTool explicitly calculates the energy required at the wheels of the vehicle to complete a prescribed drive cycle and then explicitly applies component efficiencies to find component losses and the overall energy consumption for the drive cycle. In calculating component efficiencies and losses, VTool offers several tunable parameters that can be used to calibrate the tool for a particular vehicle, compare powertrain architectures, or simply explore the tradeoffs and sensitivities of certain parameters. In this paper, the method is fully and explicitly developed to model Electric Vehicles (EVs), Series Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and Parallel HEVs for various different drive cycles. VTool has also been validated for use in UDDS and HwFET cycles using on-road test results from the 2011 EcoCAR competition. By extension, the method could easily be extended for use in other cycles. The end result is a tool that can predict fuel consumption to a reasonable degree of accuracy for a variety of powertrains, calculate J1711 Utility Factor weighted energy consumption for Extended Range Electric Vehicles (EREVs) and determine the Well-to-Wheel impact of a given powertrain or fuel. VTool does all of this while performing all calculations explicitly and calculating all component losses to allow the user maximum access which promotes understanding and comprehension of the fundamental dynamics of automotive fuel economy and the powertrain as a system. Advisors/Committee Members: Nelson, Douglas J. (committeechair), West, Robert L. Jr. (committee member), Huxtable, Scott T. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: petroleum; fuel economy; powertrain modeling; hybrid electric vehicle; plug-in hybrid electric vehicle; electric vehicle; environment; greenhouse gases

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Alley, R. J. (2012). VTool: A Method for Predicting and Understanding the Energy Flow and Losses in Advanced Vehicle Powertrains. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33697

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Alley, Robert Jesse. “VTool: A Method for Predicting and Understanding the Energy Flow and Losses in Advanced Vehicle Powertrains.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33697.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Alley, Robert Jesse. “VTool: A Method for Predicting and Understanding the Energy Flow and Losses in Advanced Vehicle Powertrains.” 2012. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Alley RJ. VTool: A Method for Predicting and Understanding the Energy Flow and Losses in Advanced Vehicle Powertrains. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33697.

Council of Science Editors:

Alley RJ. VTool: A Method for Predicting and Understanding the Energy Flow and Losses in Advanced Vehicle Powertrains. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33697

Virginia Tech

26. White, Eli Hampton. An Illustrative Look at Energy Flow through Hybrid Powertrains for Design and Analysis.

Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2014, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49433

► Throughout the past several years, a major push has been made for the automotive industry to provide vehicles with lower environmental impacts while maintaining safety,… (more)

▼ Throughout the past several years, a major push has been made for the automotive industry to provide vehicles with lower environmental impacts while maintaining safety, performance, and overall appeal. Various legislation has been put into place to establish guidelines for these improvements and serve as a challenge for automakers all over the world. In light of these changes, hybrid technologies have been growing immensely on the market today as customers are seeing the benefits with lower fuel consumption and higher efficiency vehicles. With the need for hybrids rising, it is vital for the engineers of this age to understand the importance of advanced vehicle technologies and learn how and why these vehicles can change the world as we know it. To help in the education process, this thesis seeks to define a powertrain model created and developed to help users understand the basics behind hybrid vehicles and the effects of these advanced technologies. One of the main goals of this research is to maintain a simplified approach to model development. There are very complex vehicle simulation models in the market today, however these can be hard to manipulate and even more difficult to understand. The 1 Hz model described within this work aims to allow energy to be simply and understandable traced through a hybrid powertrain. Through the use of a 'backwards' energy tracking method, demand for a drive cycle is found using a drive cycle and vehicle parameters. This demand is then used to determine what amount of energy would be required at each component within the powertrain all the way from the wheels to the fuel source, taking into account component losses and accessory loads on the vehicle. Various energy management strategies are developed and explained including controls for regenerative braking, Battery Electric Vehicles, and Thermostatic and Load-following Series Hybrid Electric Vehicles. These strategies can be easily compared and manipulated to understand the tradeoffs and limitations of each. After validating this model, several studies are completed. First, an example of using this model to design a hybrid powertrain is conducted. This study moves from defining system requirements to component selection, and then finding the best powertrain to accomplish the given constraints. Next, a parameter known as Power Split Fraction is studied to provide insight on how it affects overall powertrain efficiency. Since the goal with advanced vehicle powertrains is to increase overall system efficiency and reduce overall energy consumption, it is important to understand how all of the factors involved affect the system as a whole. After completing these studies, this thesis moves on to discussing future work which will continue refining this model and making it more applicable for design. Overall, this work seeks to provide an educational tool and aid in the development of the automotive engineers of tomorrow. Advisors/Committee Members: Nelson, Douglas J. (committeechair), Huxtable, Scott T. (committee member), West, Robert L. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: hybrid electric vehicle; plug-in hybrid electric vehicle; electric vehicle; environment; greenhouse gases; fuel economy; powertrain modeling; power split fraction

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

White, E. H. (2014). An Illustrative Look at Energy Flow through Hybrid Powertrains for Design and Analysis. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49433

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

White, Eli Hampton. “An Illustrative Look at Energy Flow through Hybrid Powertrains for Design and Analysis.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49433.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

White, Eli Hampton. “An Illustrative Look at Energy Flow through Hybrid Powertrains for Design and Analysis.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

White EH. An Illustrative Look at Energy Flow through Hybrid Powertrains for Design and Analysis. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49433.

Council of Science Editors:

White EH. An Illustrative Look at Energy Flow through Hybrid Powertrains for Design and Analysis. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49433

Delft University of Technology

27. Wang, N. (author). The exploration of the reverse salient of electric vehicle systems for urban mobility.

Degree: 2013, Delft University of Technology

URL: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c07042a0-580f-4ccd-b1de-9dcba0785d55

►

Electrification transportation for urban mobility is a hot topic around the world. Many types of electric vehicles could be employed for urban mobility, but both… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: reverse salient; battery electric vehicle; hybrid electric vehicle; fuel cell vehicle; infrastructure of electric vehicle; morphological analysis

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wang, N. (. (2013). The exploration of the reverse salient of electric vehicle systems for urban mobility. (Masters Thesis). Delft University of Technology. Retrieved from http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c07042a0-580f-4ccd-b1de-9dcba0785d55

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wang, N (author). “The exploration of the reverse salient of electric vehicle systems for urban mobility.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Delft University of Technology. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c07042a0-580f-4ccd-b1de-9dcba0785d55.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wang, N (author). “The exploration of the reverse salient of electric vehicle systems for urban mobility.” 2013. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Wang N(. The exploration of the reverse salient of electric vehicle systems for urban mobility. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c07042a0-580f-4ccd-b1de-9dcba0785d55.

Council of Science Editors:

Wang N(. The exploration of the reverse salient of electric vehicle systems for urban mobility. [Masters Thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2013. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c07042a0-580f-4ccd-b1de-9dcba0785d55

Universidade Federal de Viçosa

28. Bruno Petrato Bruck. Contributions to the Single and Multiple Vehicle Routing Problems with Deliveries and Selective Pickups.

Degree: 2012, Universidade Federal de Viçosa

URL: http://www.tede.ufv.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4835

►

O Single Vehicle Routing Problem with Deliveries and Selective Pickups (SVRPDSP) e uma variacão do clássico Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). Tem recebido pouca atencão, apesar… (more)

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O Single Vehicle Routing Problem with Deliveries and Selective Pickups (SVRPDSP) e uma variacão do clássico Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). Tem recebido pouca atencão, apesar de possuir muitas aplicacões práticas em cenários de logística reversa, como por exemplo em fábricas de bebidas, que ao mesmo tempo em que há uma demanda de supermercados e outras lojas por garrafas cheias, também existe uma demanda pela coleta de garrafas vazias a retornar para o depósito a fim de serem limpas e reutilizadas. Além disso também existe o Multiple Vehicle Routing Problem with Deliveries and Selective Pickups (MVRPDSP), o qual compartilha as mesmas aplicacões, podendo até ser considerado mais prático do que o SVRPDSP, já que em casos reais são usuais cenários com múltiplos veículos. Entretanto, com relacão ao MVRPDSP não e de nosso conhecimento qualquer abordagem na literatura. Neste trabalho, para o SVRPDSP, em termos de abordagens heursticas, são propostos um Algoritmo Evolucionário Híbrido que faz uso de uma estratégia de data mining em seus operadores de crossover e mutação, além de um Variable Neighborhood Descent Algorithm (VND). Além disso, também é proposto um Branch&Cut para uma formulação matemática da literatura e uma nova formulação, a qual utiliza um tipo diferente de restrições para eliminação de subciclos. Com relação ao MVRPDSP, são propostas duas formulações matemáticas baseadas nos modelos matemáticos do SVRPDSP, e uma heurística construtiva híbrida do tipo cluster-first. Resultados experimentais indicam que a formulação proposta para o SVRPDSP possui um desempenho muito superior aos da literatura, conseguindo encontrar a solução ótima para mais da metade das instâncias. Para o MVRDPSP foram criadas instâncias de teste e são reportados vários bons resultados, incluindo algumas soluções ótimas.

The Single Vehicle Routing Problem with Deliveries and Selective Pickups (SVRPDSP) is a variation of the classical Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) that has received limited attention. It has many practical applications in reverse logistic contexts, such as in drink factories, which besides having to supply stores and supermarkets with full bottles, have to pickup empty bottles, returning them to the factory in order to be clean and relled. There is also the Multiple Vehicle Routing Problem with Deliveries and Selective Pickups (MVRPDSP), which shares the same applications of the SVRPDSP. It is even more practical, since in real world cases it is commom having multiple vehicles. However, regarding the MVRPDSP, to our knowledge, there is not a single approach in the literature. In the present work, for the SVRPDSP, in terms of heuristic approaches, we propose a Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) which makes use of a data mining strategy in its crossover and mutation phases; and a Variable Neighborhood Descent Algorithm (VND). In addition we also propose a Branch&Cut algorithm for an exact formulation of the literature and a novel formulation. Regarding the MVRPDSP we propose two formulations based on the ones of the single…

Advisors/Committee Members: José Elias Cláudio Arroyo, Geraldo Robson Mateus, Haroldo Gambini Santos, André Gustavo dos Santos.

Subjects/Keywords: CIENCIA DA COMPUTACAO; Vehicle Routing; Logística; Algoritmo Evolucionário Híbrido; Vehicle Routing; Logistic; Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Bruck, B. P. (2012). Contributions to the Single and Multiple Vehicle Routing Problems with Deliveries and Selective Pickups. (Thesis). Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Retrieved from http://www.tede.ufv.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4835

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bruck, Bruno Petrato. “Contributions to the Single and Multiple Vehicle Routing Problems with Deliveries and Selective Pickups.” 2012. Thesis, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://www.tede.ufv.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4835.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bruck, Bruno Petrato. “Contributions to the Single and Multiple Vehicle Routing Problems with Deliveries and Selective Pickups.” 2012. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Bruck BP. Contributions to the Single and Multiple Vehicle Routing Problems with Deliveries and Selective Pickups. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade Federal de Viçosa; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://www.tede.ufv.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4835.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Bruck BP. Contributions to the Single and Multiple Vehicle Routing Problems with Deliveries and Selective Pickups. [Thesis]. Universidade Federal de Viçosa; 2012. Available from: http://www.tede.ufv.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4835

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

29. Lebel, Alexander. Development of a Control System for a Series-Parallel Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle.

Degree: MASc, 2017, McMaster University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/21240

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This thesis outlines the development of a control system for a series-parallel plugin hybrid electric vehicle. The vehicle, developed at McMaster University for the EcoCAR… (more)

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This thesis outlines the development of a control system for a series-parallel plugin hybrid electric vehicle. The vehicle, developed at McMaster University for the EcoCAR 3 Advanced Vehicle Technology Competition, was produced in an effort to provide a Chevrolet Camaro with a high-performance, fuel efficient, hybrid powertrain. A rational design methodology was adopted and guided the development of the control system and the implementation of its respective algorithms. A simulation tool was created using MATLAB and Simulink which, in turn, allowed for the effectiveness of the supervisory control logic to be evaluated by approximating the vehicle’s energy consumption, fuel consumption, and emissions. The impact of hybridizing the vehicle’s powertrain was similarly assessed by comparing it against its unelectrified counterpart, the 2016 Chevrolet Camaro LT. A solution to the vehicle’s energy management problem was proposed in the form of an Adaptive Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (A-ECMS) which was then evaluated against more common heuristic approaches as well as non-adaptive instantaneous minimization methods. An artificial neural network was selected as the strategy’s adaptation mechanism and it was used to identify specific vehicular driving patterns in real-time. The neural network addresses many issues that arise due to the sensitivity of algorithms that attempt to solve the energy management problem without prior knowledge of the driving cycle. The methods used during the process of the control system’s verification and calibration are also discussed in this thesis and, in addition, encompass the use of software representations of the vehicle’s Electronic Control Units (ECUs), the development of test cases, and the supervisory control software’s evaluation in the Model-in-the-Loop (MIL), Software-in-the-Loop (SIL), and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) environments.

Thesis

Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Compared to conventional combustion vehicles, an automobile with an electrified propulsion system has the potential to reduce fuel consumption and emissions due to the presence of an energy storage system and one or more electric machines. These benefits, however, come at the cost of increased control system complexity. The question of how and when to use alternative energy sources – whether it be electrical or fuel energy – in a hybrid vehicle is at the epicenter of research and development initiatives in the automotive industry. Traditional heuristic methods have proven to be unstable due to their sensitivity to driving conditions and that optimal control policies require prior knowledge of the vehicle’s route and destination, and therefore, are not suitable in most applications. Strategies which attempt to instantaneously minimize a vehicle’s fuel or energy consumption, however, can overcome these aforementioned obstacles. As such, this area of research and development has received much interest. The objective of this research was twofold: the first being to develop a control system for…

Advisors/Committee Members: Lawford, Mark, Wassyng, Alan, Software Engineering.

Subjects/Keywords: Hybrid Vehicle; Vehicle Electrification; Control System; Software; Adaptive Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy; Neural Network

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lebel, A. (2017). Development of a Control System for a Series-Parallel Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle. (Masters Thesis). McMaster University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11375/21240

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lebel, Alexander. “Development of a Control System for a Series-Parallel Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle.” 2017. Masters Thesis, McMaster University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11375/21240.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lebel, Alexander. “Development of a Control System for a Series-Parallel Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle.” 2017. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Lebel A. Development of a Control System for a Series-Parallel Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. McMaster University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/21240.

Council of Science Editors:

Lebel A. Development of a Control System for a Series-Parallel Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle. [Masters Thesis]. McMaster University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/21240

30. Cole, Daniel A. The effectiveness of energy storage in hybrid vehicles.

Degree: PhD, 2014, University of the West of England, Bristol

URL: https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/886486 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619070

► Public awareness of finite oil resources and concerns over climate change have spurred efforts to improve vehicle efficiency and reduce emissions by road transport. Hybrids… (more)

▼ Public awareness of finite oil resources and concerns over climate change have spurred efforts to improve vehicle efficiency and reduce emissions by road transport. Hybrids have become an increasingly popular alternative to conventional powertrain vehicles. Large fuel savings are claimed (typically 70 + mpg) (Toyota, 2014), however, collective anecdotal evidence from owners of these vehicles suggests a more modest performance. A literature review yielded an abundance of literature relating to specific hybrid vehicle technologies, and control strategies, however the variation in energy savings over different journey types for different classes of vehicle has received less attention. A simulation tool was developed to compare the energy saving effectiveness of parallel hybrid powertrains with regenerative braking and energy storage across a broad range of vehicle and journey types. The realism of the simulation (in non-hybrid mode) was evaluated by comparison with practical trials. A range of validation methods showed that average fuel consumption could be calculated to within +/- 5-10% of measured consumption and, in cases where detailed data for a vehicle was available, this improved to within 3%. Simulated fuel consumption was around 15% greater that manufacturers’ claims – reasons for this were explored. Using the backward and forward looking simulation it was possible to calculate likely fuel savings in various scenarios. Results indicate a trend of improved potential savings with increased vehicle mass. Over urban journeys results ranged from around 16 to 23% energy savings for a small car and large coach respectively. On extra-urban journeys much more modest savings were calculated ranging from a maximum of 0 - 4 % across the same range of vehicles. The likely effects of vehicle mass and drag coefficient has also been explored along with the energy saving potential of start-stop engine technology, often used in hybrids and non-hybrids alike. The broad part of the study confirmed quantitatively that greatest fuel savings might be achieved on urban routes with public transport buses. The study then narrowed to consider this application, particularly with respect to exhaust emissions which are cause for growing concern. Possible reductions in exhaust NOx and PM emissions of up to 10 to 12% respectively were predicted through the application of parallel hybrid powertrains to existing bus designs and simulated on the MLTB cycle.

Subjects/Keywords: 629.22; hybrid vehicle; energy storage; regenerative braking; HEV; vehicle emissions; fuel economy; drive cycle

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Cole, D. A. (2014). The effectiveness of energy storage in hybrid vehicles. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of the West of England, Bristol. Retrieved from https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/886486 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619070

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cole, Daniel A. “The effectiveness of energy storage in hybrid vehicles.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of the West of England, Bristol. Accessed March 05, 2021. https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/886486 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619070.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cole, Daniel A. “The effectiveness of energy storage in hybrid vehicles.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Cole DA. The effectiveness of energy storage in hybrid vehicles. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of the West of England, Bristol; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/886486 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619070.

Council of Science Editors:

Cole DA. The effectiveness of energy storage in hybrid vehicles. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of the West of England, Bristol; 2014. Available from: https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/886486 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619070

Open Access Theses and Dissertations