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University of California – Berkeley
1.
Wesson, Paul Douglas.
If you are not counted, you don't count: Estimating the size of hidden populations.
Degree: Epidemiology, 2016, University of California – Berkeley
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7gj5h8cp 
► Background: Despite advances in treatment and prevention services, HIV infection remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, identified by the 2010 Global Burden…
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▼ Background: Despite advances in treatment and prevention services, HIV infection remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, identified by the 2010 Global Burden of Disease report as the fifth leading cause of global disability adjusted live years. While the epidemiologic features of HIV infection vary globally, marginalized populations, such as men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSW), and injection drug users (IDUs) are consistently at increased risk for HIV infection relative to the general population. Targeting such marginalized, or hidden, populations has become a global priority to maximize the effectiveness of the public health response to the HIV pandemic. Members of these populations are often difficult to find, and the size of these populations is largely unknown, making it difficult to calculate epidemiologic measures of disease and to evaluate the reach and coverage of public health programs.Methods: Through three separate analyses, this dissertation will investigate the reliability and the plausibility of population size estimation methods when applied to hidden populations. Chapter 1 systematically reviews the literature on population size estimation methods and assesses the degree to which different methods, applied to the same population, calculate similar estimates of the target population. Chapter 2 evaluates a novel size estimation method, the SS-PSE, by applying it to a Respondent-Driven Sampling study of African-American MSM in San Francisco, and comparing results to other methods. Chapter 3 applies capture-recapture models to evaluate the completeness of the Alameda County HIV surveillance system, and examines the role of sampling bias in this application. Discussion and Significance: The results of the analyses featured in this dissertation demonstrate that variability in population size estimates from different size estimation methods is common, though often unaddressed. Population size estimation is fundamental to public health surveillance, serving as the basis for policy decisions and quantifying the magnitude of disease. To produce reliable population size estimates, which have implications for the allocation of limited public health resources to marginalized populations, investigators should consistently apply multiple size estimation methods and carefully consider the influence of sampling bias.
Subjects/Keywords: Epidemiology; Public health; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Hidden Populations; Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Population size estimation
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APA (6th Edition):
Wesson, P. D. (2016). If you are not counted, you don't count: Estimating the size of hidden populations. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7gj5h8cp
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wesson, Paul Douglas. “If you are not counted, you don't count: Estimating the size of hidden populations.” 2016. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed March 03, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7gj5h8cp.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wesson, Paul Douglas. “If you are not counted, you don't count: Estimating the size of hidden populations.” 2016. Web. 03 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Wesson PD. If you are not counted, you don't count: Estimating the size of hidden populations. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 03].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7gj5h8cp.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Wesson PD. If you are not counted, you don't count: Estimating the size of hidden populations. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2016. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7gj5h8cp
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
2.
VITALINI, ALBERTO.
L'uso delle reti sociali per la costruzione di campioni probabilistici: possibilità e limiti per lo studio di popolazioni senza lista di campionamento.
Degree: 2011, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10280/984
► Il campionamento a valanga è considerato un tipo di campionamento non probabilistico, la cui rappresentatività può essere valutata solo sulla base di considerazioni soggettive. D’altro…
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▼ Il campionamento a valanga è considerato un tipo di campionamento non probabilistico, la cui rappresentatività può essere valutata solo sulla base di considerazioni soggettive. D’altro canto esso risulta spesso il solo praticamente utilizzabile nel caso di popolazioni senza lista di campionamento.
La tesi si divide in due parti. La prima, teorica, descrive alcuni tentativi proposti in letteratura di ricondurre le forme di campionamento a valanga nell’alveo dei campionamenti probabilistici; tra questi è degno di nota il Respondent Driven Sampling, un disegno campionario che dovrebbe combinare il campionamento a valanga con un modello matematico che pesa le unità estratte in modo da compensare la non casualità dell’estrazione e permettere così l’inferenza statistica.
La seconda, empirica, indaga le prestazioni del RDS sia attraverso simulazioni sia con una web-survey su una comunità virtuale in Internet, di cui si conoscono la struttura delle relazioni e alcune caratteristiche demografiche per ogni individuo.
Le stime RDS, calcolate a partire dai dati delle simulazioni e della web-survey, sono confrontate con i valori veri della popolazione e le potenziali fonti di distorsione (in particolare quelle relative all’assunzione di reclutamento casuale) sono analizzate.
Populations without sampling frame are inherently hard to sample by conventional sampling designs. Often the only practical methods of obtaining the sample involve following social links from some initially identified respondents to add more research participants to the sample. These kinds of link-tracing designs make the sample liable to various forms of bias and make extremely difficult to generalize the results to the population studied. This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part of the thesis describes some attempts to build a statistical theory of link-tracing designs and illustrates, deeply, the Respondent-Driven Sampling, a link-tracing sampling design that should allow researchers to make, in populations without sampling frame, asymptotically unbiased estimates under certain conditions. The second part of the thesis investigates the performance of RDS by simulating sampling from a virtual community on the Internet, which are available in both the network structure of the population and demographic traits for each individual. In addition to simulations, this thesis tests the RDS by making a web-survey of the same population. RDS estimates from simulations and web-survey are compared to true population values and potential sources of bias (in particular those related to the random recruitment assumption) are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: BOVONE, LAURA, LANZETTI, CLEMENTE, CASELLI, MARCO.
Subjects/Keywords: SPS/07: SOCIOLOGIA GENERALE; Campionamento a valanga, Catene markoviane, Popolazioni senza lista di campionamento, Snowball sampling, Link-Tracing Sampling, Sampling hidden populations, Respondent–Driven Sampling, Markov chain
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
VITALINI, A. (2011). L'uso delle reti sociali per la costruzione di campioni probabilistici: possibilità e limiti per lo studio di popolazioni senza lista di campionamento. (Doctoral Dissertation). Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10280/984
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
VITALINI, ALBERTO. “L'uso delle reti sociali per la costruzione di campioni probabilistici: possibilità e limiti per lo studio di popolazioni senza lista di campionamento.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Accessed March 03, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10280/984.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
VITALINI, ALBERTO. “L'uso delle reti sociali per la costruzione di campioni probabilistici: possibilità e limiti per lo studio di popolazioni senza lista di campionamento.” 2011. Web. 03 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
VITALINI A. L'uso delle reti sociali per la costruzione di campioni probabilistici: possibilità e limiti per lo studio di popolazioni senza lista di campionamento. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 03].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10280/984.
Council of Science Editors:
VITALINI A. L'uso delle reti sociali per la costruzione di campioni probabilistici: possibilità e limiti per lo studio di popolazioni senza lista di campionamento. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10280/984
University of Stirling
3.
McPhee, Iain.
The intentionally unseen: exploring the illicit drug use of non-treatment seeking drug users in Scotland.
Degree: PhD, 2012, University of Stirling
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1893/9921
► There is a perception that drug use is a serious and growing problem to be solved by medicine, social work and drug enforcement agencies. This…
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▼ There is a perception that drug use is a serious and growing problem to be solved by medicine, social work and drug enforcement agencies. This thesis takes a critical standpoint again such populist views and interprets drug use as one of any number of normal activities that people engage. This qualitative research utilising a bricoleur ethnographic methodology focuses on the drug taking of non-treatment seeking illegal drug users. The data reveals that they manage several social identities and the potential stigma of being discovered as an illicit user of illegal drugs utilising several strategies to remain intentionally unseen. The thesis explores how and in what way socially competent drug users differ from visible treatment seeking drug users. In order to develop this understanding, several gatekeepers were identified and within their social networks the participants were recruited into this research. The participants (n=24) were recruited from a wide range of age groups (21-52) and geographical locations within Scotland. One to one interviews, a focus group, and several pair bonded partners were interviewed together providing rich sources of data. Interviews were transcribed and analysed thematically from a social constructionist perspective. The findings illuminate the ways in which the intentionally unseen identify and manage risks from drugs, drugs policy and the potential shame and stigma were their hidden social worlds revealed. The practical implications of the results of this thesis are explored and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Subjects/Keywords: drug use; illicit drugs use; qualitative research; hidden populations; illegal drugs; ethnography; bricoleur; bricolage; semi structured interviews; focus groups; prohibition; temperance movements; scotland; alcohol; Drug abuse Scotland; Drugs Social aspects; Recreational drugs
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
McPhee, I. (2012). The intentionally unseen: exploring the illicit drug use of non-treatment seeking drug users in Scotland. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Stirling. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1893/9921
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
McPhee, Iain. “The intentionally unseen: exploring the illicit drug use of non-treatment seeking drug users in Scotland.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Stirling. Accessed March 03, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1893/9921.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
McPhee, Iain. “The intentionally unseen: exploring the illicit drug use of non-treatment seeking drug users in Scotland.” 2012. Web. 03 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
McPhee I. The intentionally unseen: exploring the illicit drug use of non-treatment seeking drug users in Scotland. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Stirling; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 03].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1893/9921.
Council of Science Editors:
McPhee I. The intentionally unseen: exploring the illicit drug use of non-treatment seeking drug users in Scotland. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Stirling; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1893/9921
Université Paris-Sud – Paris XI
4.
Gazal, Steven.
La consanguinité à l'ère du génome haut-débit : estimations et applications : Consanguinity in the High-Throughput Genome Era : Estimations and Applications.
Degree: Docteur es, Génétique statistique, 2014, Université Paris-Sud – Paris XI
URL: http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T026
► Un individu est dit consanguin si ses parents sont apparentés et s’il existe donc dans sa généalogie au moins une boucle de consanguinité aboutissant à…
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▼ Un individu est dit consanguin si ses parents sont apparentés et s’il existe donc dans sa généalogie au moins une boucle de consanguinité aboutissant à un ancêtre commun. Le coefficient de consanguinité de l’individu est par définition la probabilité pour qu’à un point pris au hasard sur le génome, l’individu ait reçu deux allèles identiques par descendance qui proviennent d’un seul allèle présent chez un des ancêtres communs. Ce coefficient de consanguinité est un paramètre central de la génétique qui est utilisé en génétique des
populations pour caractériser la structure des
populations, mais également pour rechercher des facteurs génétiques impliqués dans les maladies. Le coefficient de consanguinité était classiquement estimé à partir des généalogies, mais des méthodes ont été développées pour s’affranchir des généalogies et l’estimer à partir de l’information apportée par des marqueurs génétiques répartis sur l’ensemble du génome.Grâce aux progrès des techniques de génotypage haut-débit, il est possible aujourd’hui d’obtenir les génotypes d’un individu sur des centaines de milliers de marqueurs et d’utiliser ces méthodes pour reconstruire les régions d’identité par descendance sur son génome et estimer un coefficient de consanguinité génomique. Il n’existe actuellement pas de consensus sur la meilleure stratégie à adopter sur ces cartes denses de marqueurs en particulier pour gérer les dépendances qui existent entre les allèles aux différents marqueurs (déséquilibre de liaison). Dans cette thèse, nous avons évalué les différentes méthodes disponibles à partir de simulations réalisées en utilisant de vraies données avec des schémas de déséquilibre de liaison réalistes. Nous avons montré qu’une approche intéressante consistait à générer plusieurs sous-cartes de marqueurs dans lesquelles le déséquilibre de liaison est minimal, d’estimer un coefficient de consanguinité sur chacune des sous-cartes par une méthode basée sur une chaîne de Markov cachée implémentée dans le logiciel FEstim et de prendre comme estimateur la médiane de ces différentes estimations. L’avantage de cette approche est qu’elle est utilisable sur n’importe quelle taille d’échantillon, voire sur un seul individu, puisqu’elle ne demande pas d’estimer les déséquilibres de liaison. L’estimateur donné par FEstim étant un estimateur du maximum de vraisemblance, il est également possible de tester si le coefficient de consanguinité est significativement différent de zéro et de déterminer la relation de parenté des parents la plus vraisemblable parmi un ensemble de relations. Enfin, en permettant l’identification de régions d’homozygoties communes à plusieurs malades consanguins, notre stratégie peut permettre l’identification des mutations récessives impliquées dans les maladies monogéniques ou multifactorielles.Pour que la méthode que nous proposons soit facilement utilisable, nous avons développé le pipeline, FSuite, permettant d’interpréter facilement les résultats d’études de génétique de
populations et de génétique épidémiologique comme illustré…
Advisors/Committee Members: Génin, Emmanuelle (thesis director).
Subjects/Keywords: Génétique statistique; Génétique des populations; Génétique épidémiologique; Consanguinité; Homozygotie-par-descendance; Déséquilibre de liaison; Chaine de Markov cachée; Comparaison de méthodes; Cartographie par homozygotie; HapMap; Maladie d’Alzheimer; Statistical genetics; Population genetics; Genetic epidemiology; Consanguinity; Homozygosity-by-descent; Linkage disequilibrium; Hidden Markov model; Comparison of methods; Homozygosity mapping; HapMap; Alzheimer's disease
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Record Details
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Gazal, S. (2014). La consanguinité à l'ère du génome haut-débit : estimations et applications : Consanguinity in the High-Throughput Genome Era : Estimations and Applications. (Doctoral Dissertation). Université Paris-Sud – Paris XI. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T026
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gazal, Steven. “La consanguinité à l'ère du génome haut-débit : estimations et applications : Consanguinity in the High-Throughput Genome Era : Estimations and Applications.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Université Paris-Sud – Paris XI. Accessed March 03, 2021.
http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T026.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gazal, Steven. “La consanguinité à l'ère du génome haut-débit : estimations et applications : Consanguinity in the High-Throughput Genome Era : Estimations and Applications.” 2014. Web. 03 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Gazal S. La consanguinité à l'ère du génome haut-débit : estimations et applications : Consanguinity in the High-Throughput Genome Era : Estimations and Applications. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Université Paris-Sud – Paris XI; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 03].
Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T026.
Council of Science Editors:
Gazal S. La consanguinité à l'ère du génome haut-débit : estimations et applications : Consanguinity in the High-Throughput Genome Era : Estimations and Applications. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Université Paris-Sud – Paris XI; 2014. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T026
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