subject:(habitat heterogeneity)

Victoria University of Wellington

1. Matus, Alejandro Perez. Effects of Macroalgal Habitats on the Community and Population Structure of Temperate Reef Fishes.

Degree: 2010, Victoria University of Wellington

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1438

► Two families of brown macroalgae that occur in sympatry dominate temperate subtidal rocky coasts: the Laminareales, and the Fucales. Both of these families are habitat-forming… (more)

▼ Two families of brown macroalgae that occur in sympatry dominate temperate subtidal rocky coasts: the Laminareales, and the Fucales. Both of these families are habitat-forming species for a wide variety of invertebrates and fishes. Variation in the presence, density, and composition of brown macroalgae can have large influences on the evolution and ecology of associated organisms. Here, using a series of observational and experimental studies, I evaluated the effects of heterogeneity in the composition of brown macroalgal stands at the population and community levels for reef fishes. A central ecological challenge is the description of patterns that occur at local scales, and how these are manifested at larger ones. I conducted further sampling across a set of sites nested within locations over three regions, Juan Fernandez Islands (Chile), Northern New Zealand, and Tasmania (Australia), to evaluate patterns of variation in the diversity and composition of fish assemblages. Specifically, I explored spatial variation in fish assemblages as a function of rocky reef habitats (dominated by brown-macroalgae) and other sources of variation (abiotic and biotic factors) that potentially mediate the relationship between fishes and reef habitats. Analyses suggest that spatial variation in diversity (e.g., species and trophic) may be explained by spatial variation in depth, temperature, and composition of macroalgal habitats. At each location, only 2-3 families dominated the composition of fish assemblages, but species identities varied among locations. In a subsequent study, I assessed the fish-habitat associations from sites within the Juan Fernandez Islands, an isolated eastern Pacific Island that lack large brown macroalgae. I found that, despite the close proximity of these Islands to the South American continent, fish assemblages were mostly composed of endemic representatives from families that dominate the fish assemblages in New Zealand and Australia. Spatial variation in depth and temperature did not contribute to the observed variation in fish abundance. Instead, I found that benthic habitat-forming species (particularly foliose brown macroalgae) appeared to limit the abundance of some reef fishes. These results suggest that a mixture of large-scale (e.g., stochastic recruitment) and small-scale processes (i.e., relating to habitat heterogeneity) influence the diversity, composition and abundance of fish assemblages. Subsequently, I evaluated relationships between reef fishes and macroalgae composition across multiple sites, surveyed repeatedly over four seasons. I found that fishes were associated with different components of heterogeneity in macroalgal habitats, potentially indicating interspecific partitioning of resources that may arise from differential feeding habits and sizesusceptibility to predation. Seasonal variation in the fish-habitat associations was detected, and site differences in macroalgal composition explained significant variation in the local diversity of fishes. Using a series of small-scale… Advisors/Committee Members: Shima, Jeffrey.

Subjects/Keywords: New Zealand; Kelp beds; Heterogeneity; Habitat

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APA (6^th Edition):

Matus, A. P. (2010). Effects of Macroalgal Habitats on the Community and Population Structure of Temperate Reef Fishes. (Doctoral Dissertation). Victoria University of Wellington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1438

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Matus, Alejandro Perez. “Effects of Macroalgal Habitats on the Community and Population Structure of Temperate Reef Fishes.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Victoria University of Wellington. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1438.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Matus, Alejandro Perez. “Effects of Macroalgal Habitats on the Community and Population Structure of Temperate Reef Fishes.” 2010. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Matus AP. Effects of Macroalgal Habitats on the Community and Population Structure of Temperate Reef Fishes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2010. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1438.

Council of Science Editors:

Matus AP. Effects of Macroalgal Habitats on the Community and Population Structure of Temperate Reef Fishes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1438

University of KwaZulu-Natal

2. Staegemann, Michael William. Drivers of bat fly diversity and prevalence of six Rhinolophus bat species in southern Africa.

Degree: 2016, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/16024

► Demographic and ecological characteristics render obligate cave roosting bats highly susceptible to infestation by ectoparasites. However, the patterns and factors of ectoparasite loads among bat… (more)

▼ Demographic and ecological characteristics render obligate cave roosting bats highly susceptible to infestation by ectoparasites. However, the patterns and factors of ectoparasite loads among bat host species are understudied, particularly in the Old World. I tested predictions of habitat heterogeneity, host sex, body size hypotheses to explain parasitic bat fly (Streblidae and Nycteribiidae) abundance, morphospecies richness and prevalence on six Rhinolophus bat species in southern Africa. I sampled and classified 930 bat flies to six morphospecies (3 streblids and 3 nycteribiids) captured on 333 bats at 20 sites in eight biomes. In support of the habitat heterogeneity hypothesis, there were significantly positive relationships between habitat heterogeneity and bat fly abundance, morphospecies richness and prevalence. In support of the host body size hypothesis, there were significantly positive relationships between host body condition and bat fly abundance, morphospecies richness and prevalence. By contrast, there was little evidence that parasitic flies preferred either male or female bats. Recursive partitioning analysis showed that the most significant predictor of bat fly abundance and morphospecies richness was habitat heterogeneity, specifically the number of land cover classes surrounding bat roosts. My results suggest that land use and biome characteristics at the meso-scale, and to a lesser degree biotic processes at the local scale, mediate bat fly abundance and morphospecies richness on rhinolophid bats. Specifically, structurally heterogeneous and complex habitats increase the number of niches available for bat species as well as their prey, which, in turn, may favour diverse bat fly populations. Thus, factors responsible for driving bat diversity may also drive bat fly diversity. Future studies should focus on other families of cave-roosting bats, as well as endoparasites, to better understand the mechanisms responsible for ectoparasitism in Old World bats. Advisors/Committee Members: Schoeman, Marthinus Cornelius. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Bat fly.; Rhinolophidae.; Prevalence.; Ectoparasite.; Habitat heterogeneity.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Staegemann, M. W. (2016). Drivers of bat fly diversity and prevalence of six Rhinolophus bat species in southern Africa. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/16024

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Staegemann, Michael William. “Drivers of bat fly diversity and prevalence of six Rhinolophus bat species in southern Africa.” 2016. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/16024.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Staegemann, Michael William. “Drivers of bat fly diversity and prevalence of six Rhinolophus bat species in southern Africa.” 2016. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Staegemann MW. Drivers of bat fly diversity and prevalence of six Rhinolophus bat species in southern Africa. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/16024.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Staegemann MW. Drivers of bat fly diversity and prevalence of six Rhinolophus bat species in southern Africa. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/16024

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

California State University – Northridge

3. Johnson, Alex M. Partitioning the effects of habitat fragmentation on rodent species richness in Southern California.

Degree: MS, Department of Biology, 2014, California State University – Northridge

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/125314

► Habitat fragmentation plays a major role in species extinction and the loss of biodiversity around the globe. When fragmentation occurs, the initial loss of overall… (more)

▼ Habitat fragmentation plays a major role in species extinction and the loss of biodiversity around the globe. When fragmentation occurs, the initial loss of overall habitat alone causes species extirpation. However, species that survive this initial loss and persist in the remaining small fragments of habitat continue to experience changes that may lead to their eventual extirpation. Previous research has determined that species richness in habitat fragments is affected by a number of characteristics. These include fragment age, size, and isolation, edge effects, vegetation coverage, habitat heterogeneity, and matrix content. Although most studies focused on one or a few of these characteristics, multiple characteristics work together to affect species richness, showing that the effects of habitat fragmentation are complex. The goal of my study was to partition the complex effects of habitat fragmentation by determining the direct, indirect, and cumulative effects of multiple habitat fragment characteristics on rodent species richness. In 2013, I determined rodent species richness in 25 habitat fragments within a suburban landscape of Thousand Oaks, California. In addition, I measured the following characteristics for each fragment: fragment age, area, isolation, shrub coverage, habitat heterogeneity, perimeter/area ratio, and percent non-urban buffer. Path Analysis was used to test the hypothesized model which described the direct, indirect, and cumulative effect of each habitat fragment characteristic on rodent species richness. Habitat heterogeneity had the greatest direct and total effect on rodent species richness. In addition, fragment area had the greatest indirect effect on rodent species richness through its influence on habitat heterogeneity, suggesting that large fragments containing the greatest diversity of habitats will support the most species. Overall, the path model explained 67% of the variation in rodent species richness among habitat fragments. From a conservation and management standpoint my findings suggest that the most important fragments to protect are the largest and most habitat diverse. Advisors/Committee Members: Karels, Tim (advisor), Schiffman, Paula M. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Habitat heterogeneity; Dissertations, Academic – CSUN – Biology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Johnson, A. M. (2014). Partitioning the effects of habitat fragmentation on rodent species richness in Southern California. (Masters Thesis). California State University – Northridge. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/125314

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Johnson, Alex M. “Partitioning the effects of habitat fragmentation on rodent species richness in Southern California.” 2014. Masters Thesis, California State University – Northridge. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/125314.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Johnson, Alex M. “Partitioning the effects of habitat fragmentation on rodent species richness in Southern California.” 2014. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Johnson AM. Partitioning the effects of habitat fragmentation on rodent species richness in Southern California. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. California State University – Northridge; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/125314.

Council of Science Editors:

Johnson AM. Partitioning the effects of habitat fragmentation on rodent species richness in Southern California. [Masters Thesis]. California State University – Northridge; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/125314

University of Pretoria

4. Ott, Theresia. Landscape heterogeneity as a determinant of range utilization by African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in mesic savannas .

Degree: 2008, University of Pretoria

URL: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05222008-131027/

► Landscapes are inherently heterogeneous. However, some portions of a landscape are more heterogeneous than others and are therefore not equally suitable for resource extraction by… (more)

▼ Landscapes are inherently heterogeneous. However, some portions of a landscape are more heterogeneous than others and are therefore not equally suitable for resource extraction by elephants. Elephants have large energy demands to meet and should spend the majority of their time in areas where they are able to forage optimally. Identifying the determinants of home range location and area may therefore provide insight into aspects of landscape utilization by elephants. Using vegetation structure as a surrogate, I investigated whether landscape heterogeneity explains the variability home range size and location of elephants occurring in the mesic savannas of Zambia and Malawi. I developed a landscape map for each of five study areas. Using these maps, I applied four FRAGSTATS metrics to quantify different aspects of landscape heterogeneity within the study areas, as well as elephant home ranges and randomly located ranges delineated using a 95% Kernel estimation. I placed similar study areas into comparable groups for each of the landscape heterogeneity metrics. Elephant home range size was not a function of landscape heterogeneity metrics and may therefore be explained by other factors. Landscape complexity and diversity of elephant home ranges varied within groups of similar study areas, suggesting that these metrics were important descriptors of home range location. Within study areas, with the exception of patch density, landscape heterogeneity metrics supported the expectation that wet season ranges would be more heterogeneous than those of the dry season. In addition, female ranges were more heterogeneous than those of males during the wet seasons with respect to both patch density and landscape diversity. In most cases, greater landscape heterogeneity within home ranges was only shown during the wet season and this suggests that water requirements preclude selection for more heterogeneous landscapes during the dry season. However, elephants of the Zambian study areas, besides Kafue, selected for metrics indicative of landscape complexity and diversity during both dry and wet seasons. I therefore concluded that elephants favoured complex landscapes with more vegetation types in irregularly arranged patches and landscape heterogeneity therefore determines the location of elephant home ranges. At a regional scale, a landscape comprises habitats of varying suitability to elephants. In a metapopulation framework, such areas may form sources or sinks and therefore contribute to driving elephant movements. The ability to identify areas of importance to elephant range utilization is therefore an essential tool to apply within the megaparks for metapopulations conservation framework. Advisors/Committee Members: Prof R J Van Aarde (advisor), Dr T Jackson (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Elephants; Landscape utilisation; Fragstats; Habitat selection; Zambia; Malawi; Landscape heterogeneity; UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ott, T. (2008). Landscape heterogeneity as a determinant of range utilization by African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in mesic savannas . (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05222008-131027/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ott, Theresia. “Landscape heterogeneity as a determinant of range utilization by African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in mesic savannas .” 2008. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05222008-131027/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ott, Theresia. “Landscape heterogeneity as a determinant of range utilization by African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in mesic savannas .” 2008. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Ott T. Landscape heterogeneity as a determinant of range utilization by African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in mesic savannas . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2008. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05222008-131027/.

Council of Science Editors:

Ott T. Landscape heterogeneity as a determinant of range utilization by African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in mesic savannas . [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2008. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05222008-131027/

University of Pretoria

5. Ott, Theresia. Landscape heterogeneity as a determinant of range utilization by African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in mesic savannas.

Degree: Zoology and Entomology, 2008, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24867

► Landscapes are inherently heterogeneous. However, some portions of a landscape are more heterogeneous than others and are therefore not equally suitable for resource extraction by… (more)

▼ Landscapes are inherently heterogeneous. However, some portions of a landscape are more heterogeneous than others and are therefore not equally suitable for resource extraction by elephants. Elephants have large energy demands to meet and should spend the majority of their time in areas where they are able to forage optimally. Identifying the determinants of home range location and area may therefore provide insight into aspects of landscape utilization by elephants. Using vegetation structure as a surrogate, I investigated whether landscape heterogeneity explains the variability home range size and location of elephants occurring in the mesic savannas of Zambia and Malawi. I developed a landscape map for each of five study areas. Using these maps, I applied four FRAGSTATS metrics to quantify different aspects of landscape heterogeneity within the study areas, as well as elephant home ranges and randomly located ranges delineated using a 95% Kernel estimation. I placed similar study areas into comparable groups for each of the landscape heterogeneity metrics. Elephant home range size was not a function of landscape heterogeneity metrics and may therefore be explained by other factors. Landscape complexity and diversity of elephant home ranges varied within groups of similar study areas, suggesting that these metrics were important descriptors of home range location. Within study areas, with the exception of patch density, landscape heterogeneity metrics supported the expectation that wet season ranges would be more heterogeneous than those of the dry season. In addition, female ranges were more heterogeneous than those of males during the wet seasons with respect to both patch density and landscape diversity. In most cases, greater landscape heterogeneity within home ranges was only shown during the wet season and this suggests that water requirements preclude selection for more heterogeneous landscapes during the dry season. However, elephants of the Zambian study areas, besides Kafue, selected for metrics indicative of landscape complexity and diversity during both dry and wet seasons. I therefore concluded that elephants favoured complex landscapes with more vegetation types in irregularly arranged patches and landscape heterogeneity therefore determines the location of elephant home ranges. At a regional scale, a landscape comprises habitats of varying suitability to elephants. In a metapopulation framework, such areas may form sources or sinks and therefore contribute to driving elephant movements. The ability to identify areas of importance to elephant range utilization is therefore an essential tool to apply within the megaparks for metapopulations conservation framework. Advisors/Committee Members: Prof R J Van Aarde (advisor), Dr T Jackson (coadvisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Elephants; Landscape utilisation; Fragstats; Habitat selection; Zambia; Malawi; Landscape heterogeneity; UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ott, T. (2008). Landscape heterogeneity as a determinant of range utilization by African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in mesic savannas. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24867

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ott, Theresia. “Landscape heterogeneity as a determinant of range utilization by African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in mesic savannas.” 2008. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24867.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ott, Theresia. “Landscape heterogeneity as a determinant of range utilization by African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in mesic savannas.” 2008. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Ott T. Landscape heterogeneity as a determinant of range utilization by African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in mesic savannas. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2008. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24867.

Council of Science Editors:

Ott T. Landscape heterogeneity as a determinant of range utilization by African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in mesic savannas. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24867

Grand Valley State University

6. Krynak, Edward M. Aquatic Mesohabitats: Abiotic and Biotic Comparisons in a Sand-Dominated, 3rd Order, Michigan Stream.

Degree: 2012, Grand Valley State University

URL: https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/33

► Mesohabitats are visually distinct areas within a stream that provide habitat heterogeneity and increase invertebrate diversity. As such, mesohabitats represent an important spatial scale that… (more)

▼ Mesohabitats are visually distinct areas within a stream that provide habitat heterogeneity and increase invertebrate diversity. As such, mesohabitats represent an important spatial scale that underpins the emergent properties, ecology, and ecosystem structure and function of a stream. Within a Western Michigan stream, woody debris, macrophyte beds, and organic matter pools, were examined to determine if visual distinction also relates to a significant difference in abiotic and biotic parameters. Habitats were sampled from July, 2010 – June, 2011 for chemical-physical characteristics including velocity, temperature, pH, conductivity, turbidity and organic matter. Biotic sampling occurred during the same time span and included benthic chlorophyll-a and invertebrates. Principal components analysis (PCA) revealed that conductivity, temperature, and pH effect mesohabitats in similar ways and that mesohabitat types are characterized most strongly by water velocity and particulate organic matter (POM). Total POM was highest in pools and macrophyte beds with mean amounts of 5,800 (SE ± 530) g·m-2 and 1,935 (SE ± 346) g·m-2 respectively. Chlorophyll-a concentrations were not significantly different among mesohabitats. Invertebrate sampling revealed greater richness and diversity within macrophytes beds and woody debris compared to pools. Macrophytes had the highest mean invertebrate densities (18,3881 ind·m-2 SE± 41,741) and mass (14.54 g·m-2 SE±3.05). Chironomidae densities dominated all habitat types with one macrophyte bed sample surpassing 600,000 ind·m-2. When not including Chironomidae numbers, similarity of percent (SIMPER) results show Gammarus as the vi most dominant taxa separating habitats, and Baetis and Simulidae as the second and third most dominant taxa. Invertebrate assemblages significantly separated in multidimensional space with assemblages in woody debris correlating most strongly with higher water velocities, organic matter pools correlating most strongly with total POM, and macrophytes falling in-between the two. Based on these results, I propose three conclusions for Michigan sand-dominated streams: 1) that riparian trees, through the addition of woody debris, and macrophytes beds are acting as ecological engineers through the retention of POM, changes in stream velocity, and likely changes in stream morphology, 2) that mesohabitats are distinct in both abiotic and biotic factors and may prove beneficial as a patch scale for management implications, and 3) that mesohabitat heterogeneity, especially macrophyte beds and woody debris, is important for invertebrate abundance and diversity within sand-dominated streams.

Subjects/Keywords: Mesohabitats; invertebrates; sand-dominated; Michigan stream; habitat heterogeneity; multivariate analysis

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Krynak, E. M. (2012). Aquatic Mesohabitats: Abiotic and Biotic Comparisons in a Sand-Dominated, 3rd Order, Michigan Stream. (Thesis). Grand Valley State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/33

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Krynak, Edward M. “Aquatic Mesohabitats: Abiotic and Biotic Comparisons in a Sand-Dominated, 3rd Order, Michigan Stream.” 2012. Thesis, Grand Valley State University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/33.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Krynak, Edward M. “Aquatic Mesohabitats: Abiotic and Biotic Comparisons in a Sand-Dominated, 3rd Order, Michigan Stream.” 2012. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Krynak EM. Aquatic Mesohabitats: Abiotic and Biotic Comparisons in a Sand-Dominated, 3rd Order, Michigan Stream. [Internet] [Thesis]. Grand Valley State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/33.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Krynak EM. Aquatic Mesohabitats: Abiotic and Biotic Comparisons in a Sand-Dominated, 3rd Order, Michigan Stream. [Thesis]. Grand Valley State University; 2012. Available from: https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/33

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Washington

7. Crifo', Camilla. Phytoliths from modern and ancient habitats: toward a modern-based, quantitative approach to reconstruct vegetation change during the MMCO of Patagonia, Argentina.

Degree: PhD, 2020, University of Washington

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/45115

► Phytolith analysis has high potential for reconstructing past vegetation with higher spatial resolution compared other high-resolution proxies, such as pollen and spores. Phytolith assemblages are… (more)

▼ Phytolith analysis has high potential for reconstructing past vegetation with higher spatial resolution compared other high-resolution proxies, such as pollen and spores. Phytolith assemblages are used in paleoecology to reconstruct changes in vegetation structure through time. In addition, spatial variability of the phytolith signal (across samples collected along a single stratigraphic level) is interpreted as indicative of habitat heterogeneity based on the notion that phytolith assemblages are derived from vegetation that died and decayed in place and therefore hold a local signal. However, this and other assumptions have not yet been tested directly in modern environments; current data are insufficient to establish modern calibrations for the deep time phytolith record, and thus understand the fossil phytolith records in different vegetation types. In Chapter 1 and 2 of this dissertation I aim at helping bridging this gap, by 1) defining an appropriate methodology to sample phytolith for modern analogue studies that is applicable to the deep-time phytolith record; 2) and by providing a modern reference study of soil phytolith along transects in two Neotropical vegetation types in Costa Rica: a rainforest and a dry forest. I investigate the following questions: 1) how many samples and from which part of the (phytolith-rich) soil A-horizon are needed to reflect accurately the standing vegetation? (Chapter 1); 2) are gradients in vegetation structure, composition, and diversity recorded in phytolith assemblages across transects in rainforest and dry forest soils? (Chapter 2); and 3) can we use one or more phytolith assemblages to characterize these two vegetation types, and distinguish them in the fossil record? (Chapter 2). In Chapter 3, I apply the lessons learned from Chapter 1 and 2 to the study of vegetation heterogeneity and vegetation change in Patagonia, at the onset of the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO) –the last global warming event taking place on Earth before the current one, between ~17 and 14.5 Ma. The MMCO is poorly documented in the Southern Hemisphere and at high latitudes. The Santa Cruz Formation (SCF), in southern Patagonia, is an exception, preserving one of the most diverse and well-preserved fauna assemblages on Earth. Fauna and stable isotope data from the SCF suggest that global warming associated with increased aridity favored heterogeneous habitats characterized by many ecological niches which were able to support abnormally high fauna diversity. The phytolith record of SCF has been so far poorly studied but constitute the best line of evidence for high resolution reconstruction of vegetation change through time as well as of spatial patterns of vegetation variability (heterogeneity). Using phytolith assemblages from the SCF I investigate the following questions: 1) How did vegetation structure change in response to the initial warming pulse of the MMCO? 2) How did grass community composition change in response to warmer and drier conditions at the onset of the MMCO? 3)Was the… Advisors/Committee Members: StrÃ¶mberg, Caroline A.E. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: habitat heterogeneity; MMCO; modern analogue studies; paleoenvironments; Patagonia; phytoliths; Paleoecology; Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Crifo', C. (2020). Phytoliths from modern and ancient habitats: toward a modern-based, quantitative approach to reconstruct vegetation change during the MMCO of Patagonia, Argentina. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Washington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1773/45115

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Crifo', Camilla. “Phytoliths from modern and ancient habitats: toward a modern-based, quantitative approach to reconstruct vegetation change during the MMCO of Patagonia, Argentina.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Washington. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/45115.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Crifo', Camilla. “Phytoliths from modern and ancient habitats: toward a modern-based, quantitative approach to reconstruct vegetation change during the MMCO of Patagonia, Argentina.” 2020. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Crifo' C. Phytoliths from modern and ancient habitats: toward a modern-based, quantitative approach to reconstruct vegetation change during the MMCO of Patagonia, Argentina. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Washington; 2020. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/45115.

Council of Science Editors:

Crifo' C. Phytoliths from modern and ancient habitats: toward a modern-based, quantitative approach to reconstruct vegetation change during the MMCO of Patagonia, Argentina. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Washington; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/45115

Duke University

8. Pietrek, Alejandro. Demography and Spread of Invasive Beavers in the Heterogeneous Landscapes of Patagonia .

Degree: 2015, Duke University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/11366

► The introduction of the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) to Tierra del Fuego is a widely known example of a successful biological invasion. Beavers… (more)

▼ The introduction of the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) to Tierra del Fuego is a widely known example of a successful biological invasion. Beavers have impacted enormously the biodiversity of the island of Tierra del Fuego, and they are now spreading northward on the continent, prompting the governments of Argentina and Chile to seek methods to control their spread. Beavers first established in forests, where they were initially introduced, but by the 1990s they began to establish in the adjacent steppe. In this dissertation, I study the biology of invasive beavers across the two major habitat types in Patagonia and attempt to develop modeling tools that might be useful to manage their spread. In chapter one I studied the history of the beaver introduction in Patagonia and provide evidence that the beaver introduction occurred as a single release event of 20 beavers from northern Manitoba, Canada. This not only clarifies the origin of the invasion, but also suggests that the beaver population of Patagonia descends from a smaller number of individuals than previously assumed. In chapter two I studied the demography of invasive North American beavers in the two contrasting habitat types of the island of Tierra del Fuego, forest and steppe. Habitat differences can affect vital rates which may in turn impact the speed of the invasion, but this has been rarely addressed when managing the spread of invaders. I use repeated observations, mark-resight methods, telemetry and camera traps to estimate colony size and vital rates of beavers in the two habitats. Colony size and the number of offspring (“kits”) produced per colony per year were higher in the steppe, contrary to the belief that forest is better habitat. Here I suggest this may be the result of the longer time since invasion in the forests of Tierra del Fuego and that the forest subpopulation is showing density dependent regulation. Beaver survival was high in all age classes and was higher than survival rates recorded in North America. My work shows that beaver plasticity and predator release have likely facilitated the invasion in Patagonia. In chapter three, I investigated the more recent invasion of beavers in an area of the Patagonian steppe. I utilized repeated high resolution satellite images to identify beaver ponds, and used them to study changes in beaver abundance and habitat use over time. The number of beaver ponds increased 85 % between 2005 and 2014. During this period, beavers changed their habitat selection pattern, presumably as a response to increased density. Beavers established on small watercourses in canyons first, but as more canyons became occupied over time, beavers moved to less preferred watercourses in plains and U-shaped valleys. Potential new beaver colonies established close to existing beaver ponds, suggesting proximity to a beaver pond is an important determinant of beaver colonization. Identifying habitat preferred by beavers in the steppe could help to increase early detection of the invader at the… Advisors/Committee Members: Morris, William F (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Ecology; Beaver; Biological Invasions; Density Dependence; Habitat Heterogeneity; Patagonia

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pietrek, A. (2015). Demography and Spread of Invasive Beavers in the Heterogeneous Landscapes of Patagonia . (Thesis). Duke University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10161/11366

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pietrek, Alejandro. “Demography and Spread of Invasive Beavers in the Heterogeneous Landscapes of Patagonia .” 2015. Thesis, Duke University. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/11366.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pietrek, Alejandro. “Demography and Spread of Invasive Beavers in the Heterogeneous Landscapes of Patagonia .” 2015. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Pietrek A. Demography and Spread of Invasive Beavers in the Heterogeneous Landscapes of Patagonia . [Internet] [Thesis]. Duke University; 2015. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/11366.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Pietrek A. Demography and Spread of Invasive Beavers in the Heterogeneous Landscapes of Patagonia . [Thesis]. Duke University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/11366

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

9. Ricketts, Andrew Michael. Of mice and coyotes: mammalian responses to rangeland management practices in tallgrass prairie.

Degree: PhD, Department of Biology, 2016, Kansas State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32731

► Habitat heterogeneity is a key driver of biodiversity in many ecosystems. In native ecosystems, habitat heterogeneity can arise from multiple drivers including nutrients, topoedaphic conditions,… (more)

▼ Habitat heterogeneity is a key driver of biodiversity in many ecosystems. In native ecosystems, habitat heterogeneity can arise from multiple drivers including nutrients, topoedaphic conditions, and ecological disturbance. Historically, the prairies of North America existed as a heterogeneous mosaic of habitat conditions created by the interaction of fire and grazing by native ungulates. The focus of many grazing systems has been to minimize disturbance caused by grazing by promoting uniform distributions of grazing animals across management units. Patch-burn grazing is an alternative rangeland management practice that has been proposed to restore historical patch dynamics and biodiversity to rangelands by simulating historical disturbance processes. In my dissertation research, I tested the hypothesis that patch- burn grazing restores habitat heterogeneity to rangelands, and that the resulting habitat heterogeneity can promote biodiversity of native wildlife. I focus on responses of small mammals and coyotes to patch-burn grazing to gain a better understanding of wildlife responses to rangeland management, and because grassland mammals are an ecologically important group. My 3.5-year field study of habitat and small mammal responses to rangeland management showed that: 1) patch-burn grazing created greater heterogeneity in vegetative structure and composition of plant functional groups than in positive and negative controls; 2) habitat heterogeneity created by the interaction of fire and grazing increased small mammal richness and diversity compared to a negative control managed for uniform grazing distributions; 3) the interaction of fire and grazing structured small mammal communities in tallgrass prairie; and 4) population dynamic responses of small mammals to fire and grazing disturbance were species- specific. My 3-year study of coyote survival and resource selection revealed that: 1) rangeland management influences resource selection by coyotes in seasons when they depend on small mammal prey, but not during other seasons; and 2) anthropogenic sources of mortality are important for coyotes at a protected area, even in the absence of harvest. My field results show that restoring the drivers of historical patch dynamics to managed rangelands and publicly held grasslands that are not currently grazed could have profound effects on biodiversity conservation in North America, while continuing to provide ecosystem services to society. Advisors/Committee Members: Brett K. Sandercock.

Subjects/Keywords: Fire; Grazing; Habitat heterogeneity; Pyric herbivory; Small mammal; Coyote

5 more images…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ricketts, A. M. (2016). Of mice and coyotes: mammalian responses to rangeland management practices in tallgrass prairie. (Doctoral Dissertation). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32731

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ricketts, Andrew Michael. “Of mice and coyotes: mammalian responses to rangeland management practices in tallgrass prairie.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Kansas State University. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32731.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ricketts, Andrew Michael. “Of mice and coyotes: mammalian responses to rangeland management practices in tallgrass prairie.” 2016. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Ricketts AM. Of mice and coyotes: mammalian responses to rangeland management practices in tallgrass prairie. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32731.

Council of Science Editors:

Ricketts AM. Of mice and coyotes: mammalian responses to rangeland management practices in tallgrass prairie. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32731

Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte

10. Araújo, Nicholas Sebastian Aires de. Os efeitos da estrutura de habitat sobre as comunidades de aranhas em uma floresta de caatinga do nordeste brasileiro .

Degree: 2013, Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte

URL: http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/14056

► The inherent complexity of natural communities is a challenge to our understanding about how the habitat influences the abundance, local distribution and species diversity. The… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Araneae. Heterogeneidade de habitat. Complexidade. Estrutura da vegetação. Caatinga; Araneae. Habitat heterogeneity. Complexity. Vegetation structure. Caatinga

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Araújo, N. S. A. d. (2013). Os efeitos da estrutura de habitat sobre as comunidades de aranhas em uma floresta de caatinga do nordeste brasileiro . (Masters Thesis). Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte. Retrieved from http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/14056

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Araújo, Nicholas Sebastian Aires de. “Os efeitos da estrutura de habitat sobre as comunidades de aranhas em uma floresta de caatinga do nordeste brasileiro .” 2013. Masters Thesis, Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/14056.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Araújo, Nicholas Sebastian Aires de. “Os efeitos da estrutura de habitat sobre as comunidades de aranhas em uma floresta de caatinga do nordeste brasileiro .” 2013. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Araújo NSAd. Os efeitos da estrutura de habitat sobre as comunidades de aranhas em uma floresta de caatinga do nordeste brasileiro . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/14056.

Council of Science Editors:

Araújo NSAd. Os efeitos da estrutura de habitat sobre as comunidades de aranhas em uma floresta de caatinga do nordeste brasileiro . [Masters Thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte; 2013. Available from: http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/14056

Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte

11. Araújo, Nicholas Sebastian Aires de. Os efeitos da estrutura de habitat sobre as comunidades de aranhas em uma floresta de caatinga do nordeste brasileiro .

Degree: 2013, Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte

URL: http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/14056

► The inherent complexity of natural communities is a challenge to our understanding about how the habitat influences the abundance, local distribution and species diversity. The… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Araneae. Heterogeneidade de habitat. Complexidade. Estrutura da vegetação. Caatinga; Araneae. Habitat heterogeneity. Complexity. Vegetation structure. Caatinga

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Araújo, N. S. A. d. (2013). Os efeitos da estrutura de habitat sobre as comunidades de aranhas em uma floresta de caatinga do nordeste brasileiro . (Thesis). Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte. Retrieved from http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/14056

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Araújo, Nicholas Sebastian Aires de. “Os efeitos da estrutura de habitat sobre as comunidades de aranhas em uma floresta de caatinga do nordeste brasileiro .” 2013. Thesis, Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/14056.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Araújo, Nicholas Sebastian Aires de. “Os efeitos da estrutura de habitat sobre as comunidades de aranhas em uma floresta de caatinga do nordeste brasileiro .” 2013. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Araújo NSAd. Os efeitos da estrutura de habitat sobre as comunidades de aranhas em uma floresta de caatinga do nordeste brasileiro . [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/14056.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Araújo NSAd. Os efeitos da estrutura de habitat sobre as comunidades de aranhas em uma floresta de caatinga do nordeste brasileiro . [Thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte; 2013. Available from: http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/14056

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Texas A&M University

12. Neam, Kelsey Dillon. The Spatial Ecology of a Dispersal Limited Mammal on a Mosaic Landscape.

Degree: MS, Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, 2015, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155391

► As human population, food consumption, and the demand for forest products continue to rise, the pressures of land use change on biodiversity are projected to… (more)

▼ As human population, food consumption, and the demand for forest products continue to rise, the pressures of land use change on biodiversity are projected to intensify. In tropical regions, countryside habitats and conventional agricultural practices that retain abundant tree cover and a structurally complex canopy may provide habitats and landscape connectivity for many taxa. This research aimed to assess how the spatial distribution of a dispersal-limited mammal, the brown-throated sloth (Bradypus variegatus), is shaped by differences in the structure and configuration of countryside habitats in Costa Rica, using a multi-scale framework. I conducted two studies to better understand the spatial ecology of brown-throated sloths, and identify specific conservation opportunities for the species. First, data on sloth occurrence was collected from line-transect surveys within countryside habitats (i.e., plantations and mixed-use areas). Subsequently, I developed a density surface map to pinpoint hotspot areas of brown-throated sloths. Second, I measured characteristics of the habitat surrounding sloth presence and absence sites at the local scale (tree height, canopy cover, basal area) and at three broader scales (patch area, shape, degree of isolation) using ArcMap 10.2 and FRAGSTATS 4.2. At the local scale, results indicated that sloths were more likely to be present in structurally complex habitats, specifically areas that were heterogeneous in tree height and basal area. Even within a given habitat type, sloths preferred more complex areas over homogenous areas. At the broader scale, sloths appeared to prefer habitats that encompassed high proportions of secondary forest and those that were nearby large tracts of forest (≥10 ha). The brown-throated sloths in this study seemed to be able to adapt to the disturbed and fragmented environment by utilizing countryside habitats, specifically riparian forests, tree plantations and mixed-use areas. While there is no substitute for the resources and ecosystem services provided by forests, the management of countryside habitats should also be a priority because of their potential to conserve brown-throated sloths, and other taxa throughout the Neotropics. To locally promote the use of countryside habitats by brown-throated sloths, property owners should retain patches of secondary forest and incorporate more structurally complex vegetation into their lands. Advisors/Committee Members: Lacher, Jr., Thomas E (advisor), Light, Jessica E. (committee member), Wu, X. Ben (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Bradypus variegatus; Xenarthra; sloths; spatial ecology; habitat use; countryside; tree plantation; Costa Rica; mammal distribution; landscape metrics; habitat heterogeneity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Neam, K. D. (2015). The Spatial Ecology of a Dispersal Limited Mammal on a Mosaic Landscape. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155391

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Neam, Kelsey Dillon. “The Spatial Ecology of a Dispersal Limited Mammal on a Mosaic Landscape.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155391.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Neam, Kelsey Dillon. “The Spatial Ecology of a Dispersal Limited Mammal on a Mosaic Landscape.” 2015. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Neam KD. The Spatial Ecology of a Dispersal Limited Mammal on a Mosaic Landscape. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2015. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155391.

Council of Science Editors:

Neam KD. The Spatial Ecology of a Dispersal Limited Mammal on a Mosaic Landscape. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155391

Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte

13. Araújo, Nicholas Sebastian Aires de. Os efeitos da estrutura de habitat sobre as comunidades de aranhas em uma floresta de caatinga do nordeste brasileiro .

Degree: 2013, Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte

URL: http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/14056

► The inherent complexity of natural communities is a challenge to our understanding about how the habitat influences the abundance, local distribution and species diversity. The… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Araneae. Heterogeneidade de habitat. Complexidade. Estrutura da vegetação. Caatinga; Araneae. Habitat heterogeneity. Complexity. Vegetation structure. Caatinga

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Araújo, N. S. A. d. (2013). Os efeitos da estrutura de habitat sobre as comunidades de aranhas em uma floresta de caatinga do nordeste brasileiro . (Masters Thesis). Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte. Retrieved from http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/14056

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Araújo, Nicholas Sebastian Aires de. “Os efeitos da estrutura de habitat sobre as comunidades de aranhas em uma floresta de caatinga do nordeste brasileiro .” 2013. Masters Thesis, Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/14056.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Araújo, Nicholas Sebastian Aires de. “Os efeitos da estrutura de habitat sobre as comunidades de aranhas em uma floresta de caatinga do nordeste brasileiro .” 2013. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Araújo NSAd. Os efeitos da estrutura de habitat sobre as comunidades de aranhas em uma floresta de caatinga do nordeste brasileiro . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/14056.

Council of Science Editors:

Araújo NSAd. Os efeitos da estrutura de habitat sobre as comunidades de aranhas em uma floresta de caatinga do nordeste brasileiro . [Masters Thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte; 2013. Available from: http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/14056

University of Alberta

14. Chavez Varela, Virginia. Patterns and causes of variation in understory plant diversity and composition in mature boreal mixedwood forest stands of western Canada.

Degree: PhD, Department of Renewable Resources, 2010, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/02870w15x

► Boreal mixedwood forest stands are comprised of a mixture of small canopy patches of varying dominance by conifer (mostly white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss))… (more)

▼ Boreal mixedwood forest stands are comprised of a mixture of small canopy patches of varying dominance by conifer (mostly white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss)) and broadleaf (mostly trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) trees. The purpose of this work was to extend our understanding of the patterns and causes of variation in understory vascular plant communities in unmanaged, mature boreal mixedwood forests. First, I assessed variation in understory community composition in relation to canopy patch type (conifer, mixed conifer-broadleaf, broadleaf, gaps) within mixedwood stands. The mosaic of canopy patches leads to different micro-habitat conditions for understory species, allowing for communities that include both early and late successional species and contributing to greater understory diversity. This study suggests that the mosaic of small canopy patches within mixed forest stands resembles a microcosm of the boreal mixedwood landscape, across which understory community composition varies with canopy composition at the stand scale. Second, I investigated the hierarchical organization of understory diversity in relation to the heterogeneous mosaic of canopy patch types through additive partitioning of diversity. The largest proportion of species richness was due to turnover among patches within patch type while individual patches had higher evenness. The mosaic of canopy patch types within mixedwood forests likely plays a crucial role in maintaining the hierarchical levels at which understory diversity is maximized. Third, I examined interactions among understory plant species by investigating the effect of shrub removal on biomass, composition and diversity of herbs using a 3-yr removal study in a natural understory community. There is asymmetric competition for light between erect shrub and herb species but herb response to erect shrub removal was species-specific. Plant interactions play an important role in structuring boreal understory communities. Finally, I explored the relative influence of space, environmental variables, and their joint effects, on understory composition and richness. The environmental variation caused by small canopy patches and biotic processes, such as species interactions, converge at the fine scale to create a spatially patchy structure in understory communities in boreal mixedwood forests. Modifications in the natural mixture of small canopy patches could disrupt the spatial and environmental structures that shape understory composition and diversity patterns.

Subjects/Keywords: Boreal mixedwood forest; vegetation patches; understory communities; habitat heterogeneity; plant composition, plant diversity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chavez Varela, V. (2010). Patterns and causes of variation in understory plant diversity and composition in mature boreal mixedwood forest stands of western Canada. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/02870w15x

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chavez Varela, Virginia. “Patterns and causes of variation in understory plant diversity and composition in mature boreal mixedwood forest stands of western Canada.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Alberta. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/02870w15x.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chavez Varela, Virginia. “Patterns and causes of variation in understory plant diversity and composition in mature boreal mixedwood forest stands of western Canada.” 2010. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Chavez Varela V. Patterns and causes of variation in understory plant diversity and composition in mature boreal mixedwood forest stands of western Canada. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2010. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/02870w15x.

Council of Science Editors:

Chavez Varela V. Patterns and causes of variation in understory plant diversity and composition in mature boreal mixedwood forest stands of western Canada. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2010. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/02870w15x

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria

15. Jonas Sponchiado. ESTRUTURA DAS COMUNIDADES DE PEQUENOS MAMÍFEROS DE DUAS UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO (TAIM E ESPINILHO) DO BIOMA PAMPA, SUL DO BRASIL.

Degree: 2011, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria

URL: http://coralx.ufsm.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3833

►

A estrutura da comunidade de pequenos mamíferos de duas Unidades de Conservação (UCs), a Estação Ecológica do Taim (ESET) e o Parque Estadual do Espinilho… (more)

▼

A estrutura da comunidade de pequenos mamíferos de duas Unidades de Conservação (UCs), a Estação Ecológica do Taim (ESET) e o Parque Estadual do Espinilho (PEE), do bioma Pampa no sul do Brasil, foi investigada e comparada quanto à riqueza, composição e abundância de espécies. Adicionalmente, uma área de Floresta Estacional Decidual, foi comparada com essas duas. Para tanto, foram utilizadas transecções com armadilhas convencionais e de queda. Ainda, na ESET dezesseis variáveis ambientais foram mensuradas para verificar a distribuição micro-espacial de pequenos mamíferos. Durante seis fases de campo em cada área, 11 espécies foram capturadas na ESET, enquanto nove foram capturadas no PEE. As duas áreas do bioma Pampa apresentaram alta riqueza de espécies quando comparadas a áreas florestadas, já que ambas sofrem influência de outros biomas: a ESET da Mata Atlântica, por se situar na região costeira, e o PEE dos biomas do interior do continente, Chaco e Espinal. A abundância e a composição foram diferentes, devido à heterogeneidade ambiental, efeito biogeográfico, diferença no tamanho das áreas e grau de perturbação. Porém, a heterogeneidade ambiental permite que ambas as áreas possuam riqueza de espécies similar. Quando comparadas com a UC de Floresta Atlântica, diferem na riqueza, composição e abundância de espécies devido à maior homogeneidade e complexidade da área florestada. Com relação à distribuição micro-espacial, a riqueza e a abundância estiveram associadas a locais próximos à água, maior disponibilidade de artrópodes e herbáceas. Uma vez que existe uma grande variabilidade de ambientes na ESET, a heterogeneidade é a principal responsável pela variação na riqueza e abundância de pequenos mamíferos entre os microhabitats. As análises mostraram um efeito significativo das variáveis ambientais na abundância das espécies, evidenciando a seleção de alguns ambientes mais favoráveis em detrimento a outros.

The small-mammal community structure of two conservation unit (CUs), Taim Ecological Station (TES) and Espinilho State Park (ESP), of the Pampa biome in southern Brazil, was investigated and compared regarding species richness, composition and abundance. Additionally, a Deciduous forest area was compared with those ones. For this purpose, ten transects with live-traps pitfall traps were used. In addition, sixteen environmental variables were measured in the TES to verify the small-mammal micro-spatial distribution. During six field phases in each area, 11 species were capture at TES, while nine species were captured in the ESP. The two areas of the Pampa biome showed high species richness when compared to forested areas, since both are influenced by other biomes: TES by the Atlantic Forest, as it is close to the coastal region, and the ESP by the interior of the continent biomes, Chaco and Espinal. The abundance and composition were different due to environmental heterogeneity, biogeography effect, size areas and degree of disturbance. However, environmental heterogeneity allows both areas to have similar…

Advisors/Committee Members: Tiago Gomes dos Santos, Nilton Carlos Caceres.

Subjects/Keywords: seleção de hábitat; roedores; marsupiais; complexidade; CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS; heterogeneity; complexity; marsupials; rodents; habitat selection; heterogeneidade

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sponchiado, J. (2011). ESTRUTURA DAS COMUNIDADES DE PEQUENOS MAMÍFEROS DE DUAS UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO (TAIM E ESPINILHO) DO BIOMA PAMPA, SUL DO BRASIL. (Thesis). Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Retrieved from http://coralx.ufsm.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3833

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sponchiado, Jonas. “ESTRUTURA DAS COMUNIDADES DE PEQUENOS MAMÍFEROS DE DUAS UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO (TAIM E ESPINILHO) DO BIOMA PAMPA, SUL DO BRASIL.” 2011. Thesis, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://coralx.ufsm.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3833.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sponchiado, Jonas. “ESTRUTURA DAS COMUNIDADES DE PEQUENOS MAMÍFEROS DE DUAS UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO (TAIM E ESPINILHO) DO BIOMA PAMPA, SUL DO BRASIL.” 2011. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Sponchiado J. ESTRUTURA DAS COMUNIDADES DE PEQUENOS MAMÍFEROS DE DUAS UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO (TAIM E ESPINILHO) DO BIOMA PAMPA, SUL DO BRASIL. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; 2011. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://coralx.ufsm.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3833.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sponchiado J. ESTRUTURA DAS COMUNIDADES DE PEQUENOS MAMÍFEROS DE DUAS UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO (TAIM E ESPINILHO) DO BIOMA PAMPA, SUL DO BRASIL. [Thesis]. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; 2011. Available from: http://coralx.ufsm.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3833

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Rhodes University

16. Johnson, Linda Gail. Effects of habitat patch size and isolation on the population structure of two siphonarian limpets.

Degree: Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology, 2011, Rhodes University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005364

► Habitat fragmentation is a fundamental process that determines trends and patterns of distribution and density of organisms. These patterns and trends have been the focus… (more)

▼ Habitat fragmentation is a fundamental process that determines trends and patterns of distribution and density of organisms. These patterns and trends have been the focus of numerous terrestrial and marine studies and have led to the development of several explanatory hypotheses. Systems and organisms are dynamic and no single hypothesis has adequately accounted for these observed trends. It is therefore important to understand the interaction of these processes and patterns to explain the mechanisms controlling population dynamics. The main aim of this thesis was to test the effect of patch size and isolation on organisms with different modes of dispersal. Mode of dispersal has previously been examined as a factor influencing the effects that habitat fragmentation has on organisms. Very few studies have, however, examined the mode of dispersal of marine organisms because it has long been assumed that marine animals are not directly influenced by habitat fragmentation because of large-scale dispersal. I used two co-occurring species of siphonariid limpets with different modes of dispersal to highlight that not only are marine organisms affected by habitat fragmentation but that they are affected in different ways. The two species of limpet, Siphonaria serrata and Siphonaria concinna, are found within the same habitat and have the same geographic range along the South African coastline, however, they have different modes of dispersal and development. The effect of patch size on organism density has been examined to a great extent with varied results. This study investigated whether habitat patch size played a key role in determining population density and limpet body sizes. The two species are found on the eastern and southern coasts of South Africa were examined across this entire biogeographic range. Patch size was found to have a significant effect on population density of the pelagic developer, S. concinna, but not the direct developing S. serrata. Patch size did play a role in determining limpet body size for both species. S. concinna body size was proposed to be effected directly by patch size whilst S. serrata body size was proposed to be affected indirectly by the effects of the S. concinna densities. The same patterns and trends were observed at five of the seven examined regions across the biogeographic range. The trends observed for S. concinna with respect to patch size conform to the source-sink hypothesis with large habitat patches acting as the source populations whilst the small habitat patches acted as the sink populations. Many previous studies have focused on the effects of habitat patch size at one point in time or over one season. I tested the influence of habitat patch size on the two species of limpets over a period of twelve months to determine whether the trends observed were consistent over time or whether populations varied with time. S. concinna showed a consistently significant difference between small and large patches; whilst S. serrata did not follow a consistent pattern. The mode of…

Subjects/Keywords: Siphonaria; Limpets; Population biology; Marine ecology; Habitat selection; Animals – Dispersal; Ecological heterogeneity; Animal populations; Biodiversity

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Johnson, L. G. (2011). Effects of habitat patch size and isolation on the population structure of two siphonarian limpets. (Thesis). Rhodes University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005364

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Johnson, Linda Gail. “Effects of habitat patch size and isolation on the population structure of two siphonarian limpets.” 2011. Thesis, Rhodes University. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005364.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Johnson, Linda Gail. “Effects of habitat patch size and isolation on the population structure of two siphonarian limpets.” 2011. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Johnson LG. Effects of habitat patch size and isolation on the population structure of two siphonarian limpets. [Internet] [Thesis]. Rhodes University; 2011. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005364.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Johnson LG. Effects of habitat patch size and isolation on the population structure of two siphonarian limpets. [Thesis]. Rhodes University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005364

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Humboldt State University

17. Benegar, Joel Renee. Evaluation of constructed wood jams in a forest, gravelbed stream.

Degree: MS, Natural Resources: Watershed Management, 2011, Humboldt State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2148/779

► Whole tree materials that include trees with attached rootwads, logs, and branches are recognized as important components of streams flowing through coastal redwood forests of… (more)

▼ Whole tree materials that include trees with attached rootwads, logs, and branches are recognized as important components of streams flowing through coastal redwood forests of Northern California. As the understanding of the importance of large wood materials has emerged, they have been recognized as key physical elements missing from many streams due to the historic and systematic removal associated with timber harvest and stream cleaning practices. The recognition of the ecological importance of wood materials within stream and floodplain ecosystems has led scientists and managers to advocate for the re-introduction of large wood directly into these environments. However, common applications of instream wood restoration can fall short of producing features capable of inducing the physical changes necessary to achieve desired restoration objectives, such as the formation of deep pools and cover. Current research shows that natural wood jams, with increased wood piece counts and volumes, are more effective at producing the hydraulic and geomorphic conditions necessary for creating and sustaining complex habitat. This study hypothesized that wood jams constructed with whole tree materials, increased wood piece counts, and greater wood volumes would be more effective than simple structures at creating the hydraulic conditions necessary for increasing instream complexity, geomorphic function, and aquatic habitat quality. Results were based on an evaluation of changes to surface sediment textures and channel morphology at ten constructed wood features built with varying complexity and wood volumes. Eight of these features were complex wood jams constructed with whole tree materials including large diameter trees with attached rootwad, logs, and branches. Each complex jam was individually designed to interact with seasonal variations in stream flow, floodplain morphology, and the dominant sediment transport regime. Two of the studied features were ???simple structures??? constructed in 1995 and comprised of one or two logs anchored to imported boulders with cable. The simple structures were designed following a standard California restoration protocol. Results indicate that complex wood jams were more effective than simple fish habitat structures in achieving common restoration objectives that include: (1) increasing percentage pool cover; (2) increasing scour pool habitat; (3) metering and sorting salmon spawning gravels; and (4) improving habitat heterogeneity. In addition, the effectiveness of an individual constructed jam improved as the overall wood piece count and volume within the jam increased. The increase in pool depths demonstrate that complex wood jams were effective at improving over summering and overwintering pool habitats for steelhead trout, coho salmon, and Chinook salmon. Advisors/Committee Members: Stubblefield, Andrew.

Subjects/Keywords: Stream restoration; Wood loading; Salmon; Wood jams; Facies; Habitat heterogeneity; Large woody debris

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Benegar, J. R. (2011). Evaluation of constructed wood jams in a forest, gravelbed stream. (Masters Thesis). Humboldt State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2148/779

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Benegar, Joel Renee. “Evaluation of constructed wood jams in a forest, gravelbed stream.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Humboldt State University. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2148/779.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Benegar, Joel Renee. “Evaluation of constructed wood jams in a forest, gravelbed stream.” 2011. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Benegar JR. Evaluation of constructed wood jams in a forest, gravelbed stream. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Humboldt State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2148/779.

Council of Science Editors:

Benegar JR. Evaluation of constructed wood jams in a forest, gravelbed stream. [Masters Thesis]. Humboldt State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2148/779

University of South Florida

18. Wall, Kara R. Subtropical benthos vary with reef type, depth, and grazing intensity.

Degree: 2017, University of South Florida

URL: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6974

► Marine epibenthic communities are influenced by both pre- and post-recruitment processes. For instance, the larval supply and cues that influence settlement (pre-recruitment), as well as… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: West Florida Shelf; coral; recruitment; fouling; warm temperate; fouling; habitat heterogeneity; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wall, K. R. (2017). Subtropical benthos vary with reef type, depth, and grazing intensity. (Thesis). University of South Florida. Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6974

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wall, Kara R. “Subtropical benthos vary with reef type, depth, and grazing intensity.” 2017. Thesis, University of South Florida. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6974.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wall, Kara R. “Subtropical benthos vary with reef type, depth, and grazing intensity.” 2017. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Wall KR. Subtropical benthos vary with reef type, depth, and grazing intensity. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of South Florida; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6974.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wall KR. Subtropical benthos vary with reef type, depth, and grazing intensity. [Thesis]. University of South Florida; 2017. Available from: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6974

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Utah State University

19. Tamjidi, Jelveh. The Consequences of Environmental Properties and Tree Spatial Neighborhood on Post-Fire Structure of Forest in Yosemite National Park.

Degree: MS, Wildland Resources, 2020, Utah State University

URL: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7989

► Separating the contribution of habitat filtering and dispersal mechanisms in forming species distribution remains a challenge in community ecology. Despite the effect of environmental… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Dispersal limitation; habitat filtering; soil enzymes; Smithsonian ForestGEO; species-habitat association; Yosemite Forest Dynamics Plot; biotic interactions; habitat heterogeneity; large-diameter trees; spatial pattern; species coexistence; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Tamjidi, J. (2020). The Consequences of Environmental Properties and Tree Spatial Neighborhood on Post-Fire Structure of Forest in Yosemite National Park. (Masters Thesis). Utah State University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7989

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tamjidi, Jelveh. “The Consequences of Environmental Properties and Tree Spatial Neighborhood on Post-Fire Structure of Forest in Yosemite National Park.” 2020. Masters Thesis, Utah State University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7989.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tamjidi, Jelveh. “The Consequences of Environmental Properties and Tree Spatial Neighborhood on Post-Fire Structure of Forest in Yosemite National Park.” 2020. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Tamjidi J. The Consequences of Environmental Properties and Tree Spatial Neighborhood on Post-Fire Structure of Forest in Yosemite National Park. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Utah State University; 2020. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7989.

Council of Science Editors:

Tamjidi J. The Consequences of Environmental Properties and Tree Spatial Neighborhood on Post-Fire Structure of Forest in Yosemite National Park. [Masters Thesis]. Utah State University; 2020. Available from: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7989

Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul

20. Schneck, Fabiana. Efeitos da rugosidade de substratos, distúrbios físicos e organismos pastejadores na estruturação de assembleias de algas bênticas e na biomassa perifítica em um riacho subtropical : uma abordagem experimental.

Degree: 2012, Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/49267

► Os estudos apresentados nesta tese tiveram como objetivo compreender aspectos da organização de assembleias de algas bênticas em riachos. Foi avaliado especificamente o efeito da… (more)

▼ Os estudos apresentados nesta tese tiveram como objetivo compreender aspectos da organização de assembleias de algas bênticas em riachos. Foi avaliado especificamente o efeito da heterogeneidade de habitat na escala de rugosidade de substratos e sua interação com distúrbios hidrológicos e organismos pastejadores (grazers). Utilizou-se uma abordagem experimental in situ com substratos lisos e rugosos (com fendas) constituindo os tratamentos. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no Rio do Marco, um riacho de quarta ordem na região dos Campos de Cima da Serra, em São José dos Ausentes, Rio Grande do Sul. Após uma introdução geral acerca do assunto são apresentados os capítulos com os estudos. O Capítulo 1 avaliou os efeitos da rugosidade de substratos sobre a riqueza de espécies, densidade, composição e padrões de distribuição de assembleias de algas bênticas. Assembleias em substratos rugosos foram mais ricas que assembleias em substratos lisos, porém esse resultado diferiu entre grupos com diferentes formas de vida, assim como as diferenças na composição de espécies, indicando que somente alguns grupos foram beneficiados pela ocorrência de refúgios em substratos rugosos. Observou-se também que diferenças na composição da assembleia entre substratos lisos e rugosos resultaram de aninhamento e substituição de espécies. No Capítulo 2 foi testada a hipótese de que substratos rugosos abrigam assembleias mais persistentes que substratos lisos. Os resultados encontrados confirmaram esta hipótese e foram atribuídos ao efeito da rugosidade per se após a exclusão de alguns fatores de confundimento, como estabilidade física dos substratos e diferenças na riqueza de espécies. Concluiu-se que o mecanismo mais plausível para explicar a maior persistência em substratos rugosos é a maior disponibilidade de refúgios em relação a substratos lisos. O objetivo do Capítulo 3 foi avaliar o efeito da rugosidade de substratos sobre assembleias de algas frente a um distúrbio hidrológico experimental, testando especificamente se a resistência e a resiliência de algas é maior em substratos rugosos que em substratos lisos e se a resposta de diferentes formas de vida é distinta. Os resultados indicaram que a rugosidade de substratos não apresenta efeitos pronunciados sobre a resistência e a resiliência de algas bênticas. Porém, grupos de algas com distintas formas de vida diferiram quanto à resistência e resiliência, de forma que o padrão observado está relacionado a atributos biológicos que conferem habilidades para suportar distúrbios. Os resultados deste estudo em conjunto com os resultados obtidos no Capítulo 2 e resultados obtidos por outros autores permitiram que fosse proposto que a importância da heterogeneidade de habitas e de refúgios é mediada pela intensidade de distúrbios. No Capítulo 4 foram avaliados os efeitos independentes e as interações de rugosidade de substratos, peixes pastejadores e tipos de mesohabitats (corredeiras e remansos) sobre a biomassa algal, matéria orgânica e peso seco total. O efeito de peixes pastejadores não foi… Advisors/Committee Members: Melo, Adriano Sanches.

Subjects/Keywords: Algas bênticas; Benthic algae; Disturbance; Perifíton; Diversity; Electrical exclusion; Grazers; Habitat heterogeneity; Nestedness; Periphyton; Persistence; Refuges; Roughness; Streams; Temporal variability

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Schneck, F. (2012). Efeitos da rugosidade de substratos, distúrbios físicos e organismos pastejadores na estruturação de assembleias de algas bênticas e na biomassa perifítica em um riacho subtropical : uma abordagem experimental. (Thesis). Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10183/49267

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Schneck, Fabiana. “Efeitos da rugosidade de substratos, distúrbios físicos e organismos pastejadores na estruturação de assembleias de algas bênticas e na biomassa perifítica em um riacho subtropical : uma abordagem experimental.” 2012. Thesis, Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/49267.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Schneck, Fabiana. “Efeitos da rugosidade de substratos, distúrbios físicos e organismos pastejadores na estruturação de assembleias de algas bênticas e na biomassa perifítica em um riacho subtropical : uma abordagem experimental.” 2012. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Schneck F. Efeitos da rugosidade de substratos, distúrbios físicos e organismos pastejadores na estruturação de assembleias de algas bênticas e na biomassa perifítica em um riacho subtropical : uma abordagem experimental. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/49267.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Schneck F. Efeitos da rugosidade de substratos, distúrbios físicos e organismos pastejadores na estruturação de assembleias de algas bênticas e na biomassa perifítica em um riacho subtropical : uma abordagem experimental. [Thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/49267

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Dalhousie University

21. Reesor, Craig. TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF MORONE SAXATILIS EGGS AND LARVAE AND NEOMYSIS AMERICANA IN THE SHUBENACADIE ESTUARY.

Degree: MS, Faculty of Agriculture, 2012, Dalhousie University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10222/15843

► In the Maritimes, only two striped bass spawning populations remain: the Miramichi River in New Brunswick and the Shubenacadie – Stewiacke system in Nova Scotia.… (more)

▼ In the Maritimes, only two striped bass spawning populations remain: the Miramichi River in New Brunswick and the Shubenacadie – Stewiacke system in Nova Scotia. The Shubenacadie – Stewiacke system is subjected to a well pronounced twice daily tidal bore which induces dramatic changes in water parameters and challenges pelagic life. This system will be subject to potential change through brine discharge, a by-product of the Alton Natural Gas Storage Project. . Examining the temporal distribution of mysids, striped bass eggs and larvae at a fixed location around the Alton Project site will provide baseline information on population structure and insights into how egg and larvae distributions change with respect to tidal cycles, temperature and salinity. Surface plankton net tows from the top 0.75m of the water column were used to collect mysids, striped bass eggs and larvae over 14 months over two years. Daily mean egg abundance surpassed 1000 eggs/m3 once in 2008. A decrease of 1.9 °C in water temperature at the Alton Project site coincided with a cessation of eggs, and presumably, spawning. Spawning resumed when temperatures surpassed 15 °C. In contrast, the largest spawning event of the 2009 season occurred as water temperatures decreased (14 to 12.7 °C). The 2009 spawning season was longer (49 days) than 2008 (31 days) by 18 days, and in both years spawning peaked within the last week of May and first week of June. Two large spawning events, over 4000 daily mean eggs/m3 apiece, were detected May 24 and June 2, 2009. Mysids were present in high numbers throughout May to November, with some tows greater than 14,000 individuals/m3 in June 2008 and August 2009. Over the length of the ebb tide, as salinity decreases, mysid abundance also decreased. Whereas, striped bass egg abundance was consistently lowest at high tide and increased progressively over about 300 minutes through the ebb tide. Both striped bass larvae and mysids displayed patchiness in their temporal distribution suggesting passive transport in the this system. In both 2008 and 2009, larvae were detected at the Alton Project site for 38 days. The colder temperatures and larger tidal range of 2009, coupled with large increase in rainfall during the larval season contributed to the over 30-fold lower abundance over that found in 2008. When abundance was related in concert with temperature and salinity, mysids were ever present at high abundances except on three occasions. Mysid abundance decreased when salinity dropped beneath 5 ‰ during both years, and in 2008 when temperatures were lower than 15 °C. Salinity was impacted according to a seven-day lag after rainfall in both years, although the minimum volume of rainfall and associated impact on salinity have yet to be described. Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Roger Rulifson (external-examiner), Dr. Dian Patterson (graduate-coordinator), Dr. Trevor Avery (thesis-reader), Dr. Vilis Nams (thesis-reader), Dr. James Duston (thesis-supervisor), Not Applicable (ethics-approval), Not Applicable (manuscripts), Not Applicable (copyright-release).

Subjects/Keywords: mysid shrimp; striped bass; tidal bore; temporal heterogeneity; Bay of Fundy; Shubenacadie River; nursery habitat; fish population

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Reesor, C. (2012). TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF MORONE SAXATILIS EGGS AND LARVAE AND NEOMYSIS AMERICANA IN THE SHUBENACADIE ESTUARY. (Masters Thesis). Dalhousie University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10222/15843

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Reesor, Craig. “TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF MORONE SAXATILIS EGGS AND LARVAE AND NEOMYSIS AMERICANA IN THE SHUBENACADIE ESTUARY.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Dalhousie University. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/15843.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Reesor, Craig. “TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF MORONE SAXATILIS EGGS AND LARVAE AND NEOMYSIS AMERICANA IN THE SHUBENACADIE ESTUARY.” 2012. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Reesor C. TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF MORONE SAXATILIS EGGS AND LARVAE AND NEOMYSIS AMERICANA IN THE SHUBENACADIE ESTUARY. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Dalhousie University; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10222/15843.

Council of Science Editors:

Reesor C. TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF MORONE SAXATILIS EGGS AND LARVAE AND NEOMYSIS AMERICANA IN THE SHUBENACADIE ESTUARY. [Masters Thesis]. Dalhousie University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10222/15843

University of Connecticut

22. Linden, Helaine M. Development and Application of a 30-year Vegetation Dataset to Assess the Impacts of Fence Removal within the Kruger to Canyons Biosphere Reserve, South Africa.

Degree: MS, Natural Resources, 2017, University of Connecticut

URL: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/1091

► Maintaining habitat heterogeneity is favorable when conserving protected areas due to its positive relationship with biodiversity. Fence removal across protected areas improves connectivity and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Biodiversity conservation; connectivity; conservation planning; fence removal; habitat heterogeneity; herbivory; Kruger to Canyons Biosphere Reserve; savanna vegetation; South Africa; waterpoint density

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Linden, H. M. (2017). Development and Application of a 30-year Vegetation Dataset to Assess the Impacts of Fence Removal within the Kruger to Canyons Biosphere Reserve, South Africa. (Masters Thesis). University of Connecticut. Retrieved from https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/1091

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Linden, Helaine M. “Development and Application of a 30-year Vegetation Dataset to Assess the Impacts of Fence Removal within the Kruger to Canyons Biosphere Reserve, South Africa.” 2017. Masters Thesis, University of Connecticut. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/1091.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Linden, Helaine M. “Development and Application of a 30-year Vegetation Dataset to Assess the Impacts of Fence Removal within the Kruger to Canyons Biosphere Reserve, South Africa.” 2017. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Linden HM. Development and Application of a 30-year Vegetation Dataset to Assess the Impacts of Fence Removal within the Kruger to Canyons Biosphere Reserve, South Africa. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Connecticut; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/1091.

Council of Science Editors:

Linden HM. Development and Application of a 30-year Vegetation Dataset to Assess the Impacts of Fence Removal within the Kruger to Canyons Biosphere Reserve, South Africa. [Masters Thesis]. University of Connecticut; 2017. Available from: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/1091

George Mason University

23. Cooper, William Justin. The Relative Influences of Local Habitat Heterogeneity and Productivity on Species Richness .

Degree: George Mason University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1920/11469

► As natural habitats continue to decrease and become fragmented, pressure increases to better understand the complex systems of species-habitat interactions and the spatial scale at… (more)

▼ As natural habitats continue to decrease and become fragmented, pressure increases to better understand the complex systems of species-habitat interactions and the spatial scale at which habitat characteristics are measured. I explored the relative importance of habitat heterogeneity and productivity, at multiple spatial scales, as predictors of species richness in 19 vertebrate guilds across 3 taxonomic classes, birds, frogs, and mammals. Habitat heterogeneity and productivity metrics were derived from LiDAR and hyperspectral data obtained from the National Ecological Observatory Network’s airborne observation platform. A combination of passive acoustic monitors and camera traps, provided species occurrence data of birds, frogs, and mammals. Species richness of each group was modeled based on their detectability using a Bayesian multi-species occupancy model. To select the most appropriate scale of habitat characteristics for each guild, I systematically calculated the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve for each model iteration, quantifying the uncertainty in model predictions with each scale. Performance of the models depended on the spatial scale at which habitat heterogeneity and productivity were measured, and were different for each taxonomic group. Frog and bat species richness were most strongly related to habitat heterogeneity and productivity measurements within a 20m radius of the survey location. Bird species richness, regardless of guild type, had an optimal scale of an 80m radius. Terrestrial mammal richness was optimal at a 180-meter radius buffer. Results indicated the appropriate scale for each taxon is at, or smaller in area than seasonal or home range areas for these taxa. The relative influence of habitat heterogeneity and productivity were further investigated for bird species richness with indicator variable methods. Productivity resulted as the most important factor for species richness within bird guilds. Habitat heterogeneity was not influential for guild specific species richness. When all bird species were assessed together habitat heterogeneity and productivity were both important in determining species richness with habitat heterogeneity having a stronger effect overall. The utility of fine resolution measures of habitat heterogeneity and productivity are important determinants of species richness across local landscapes for different taxa and point to key measures for conservation management planning. For birds, focused efforts on increased understory vegetation, heterogeneity in productivity, and vertical structure are predicted to yield higher avian species richness, prioritizing a mosaic of early and late successional habitats with small localized disturbances. Advisors/Committee Members: Luther, David (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: richness; remote sensing; productivity; vertebrate; habitat heterogeneity; optimal scale

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cooper, W. J. (n.d.). The Relative Influences of Local Habitat Heterogeneity and Productivity on Species Richness . (Thesis). George Mason University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1920/11469

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cooper, William Justin. “The Relative Influences of Local Habitat Heterogeneity and Productivity on Species Richness .” Thesis, George Mason University. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/11469.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cooper, William Justin. “The Relative Influences of Local Habitat Heterogeneity and Productivity on Species Richness .” Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.

Vancouver:

Cooper WJ. The Relative Influences of Local Habitat Heterogeneity and Productivity on Species Richness . [Internet] [Thesis]. George Mason University; [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1920/11469.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
No year of publication.

Council of Science Editors:

Cooper WJ. The Relative Influences of Local Habitat Heterogeneity and Productivity on Species Richness . [Thesis]. George Mason University; Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1920/11469

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
No year of publication.

University of Florida

24. Schulz, Kailee. Assessment of Coastal Habitat Restoration Using Fish Community Metrics and Juvenile Sportfish Condition.

Degree: MS, Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences - Forest Resources and Conservation, 2019, University of Florida

URL: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0055831

Subjects/Keywords: complexity; diversity; estuary; habitat; heterogeneity; restoration; sportfish

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APA (6^th Edition):

Schulz, K. (2019). Assessment of Coastal Habitat Restoration Using Fish Community Metrics and Juvenile Sportfish Condition. (Masters Thesis). University of Florida. Retrieved from https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0055831

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Schulz, Kailee. “Assessment of Coastal Habitat Restoration Using Fish Community Metrics and Juvenile Sportfish Condition.” 2019. Masters Thesis, University of Florida. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0055831.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Schulz, Kailee. “Assessment of Coastal Habitat Restoration Using Fish Community Metrics and Juvenile Sportfish Condition.” 2019. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Schulz K. Assessment of Coastal Habitat Restoration Using Fish Community Metrics and Juvenile Sportfish Condition. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Florida; 2019. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0055831.

Council of Science Editors:

Schulz K. Assessment of Coastal Habitat Restoration Using Fish Community Metrics and Juvenile Sportfish Condition. [Masters Thesis]. University of Florida; 2019. Available from: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0055831

Queens University

25. Pedruski, Michael. The effects of habitat connectivity and regional heterogeneity on artificial pond metacommunities .

Degree: Biology, 2008, Queens University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1559

► While much evidence suggests that ecosystem functioning is closely related to biodiversity, present rates of biodiversity loss are high. With the emergence of the metacommunity… (more)

▼ While much evidence suggests that ecosystem functioning is closely related to biodiversity, present rates of biodiversity loss are high. With the emergence of the metacommunity concept ecologists have become increasingly aware that both local processes (e.g. competition, predation), and regional processes (e.g. dispersal and regional heterogeneity) affect ecological communities at multiple spatial scales. I experimentally investigated the effects of habitat connectivity and regional heterogeneity on biodiversity, community composition, and ecosystem functioning of artificial pond metacommunities of freshwater invertebrates at the local (α), among-community (β), and regional (γ) spatial levels. There was a significant effect of habitat connectivity on mean local richness, but mean local Simpson diversity, mean local functional diversity (FD), and all the three indices of ecosystem functioning investigated (regional abundance, invertebrate biomass, and chlorophyll a concentration) were unaffected by connectivity levels. Regional heterogeneity had no effect on local diversity, but enhanced both among-community richness and among-community Simpson diversity. Conversely, connectivity reduced among-community Simpson diversity. All indices of regional diversity were unaffected by either connectivity or heterogeneity. Despite expectations that there would be strong interactions between the effects of connectivity and heterogeneity on species richness, there were no interactions for any index of biodiversity at any spatial scale. Invertebrate community composition was unaffected by either connectivity or heterogeneity, though there was a significant effect of heterogeneity on its variance. Neither connectivity nor heterogeneity had significant effects on any index of ecosystem functioning, nor among-community coefficients of variation of ecosystem functioning. Connectivity appears to act mainly as a force homogenizing habitat patches in a region, as opposed to having strong effects in and of itself on communities. Conversely, heterogeneity acts largely as a diversifying force, maintaining differences between communities within a region, but, similar to connectivity, it does not have clear effects on communities at the local scale. Despite the different processes expected to act in homogeneous and heterogeneous regions, it does not appear that connectivity and heterogeneity interact strongly.

Subjects/Keywords: Metacommunity ; Dispersal ; Biodiversity ; Zooplankton ; Heterogeneity ; Community Ecology ; Habitat Connectivity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pedruski, M. (2008). The effects of habitat connectivity and regional heterogeneity on artificial pond metacommunities . (Thesis). Queens University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1559

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pedruski, Michael. “The effects of habitat connectivity and regional heterogeneity on artificial pond metacommunities .” 2008. Thesis, Queens University. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1559.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pedruski, Michael. “The effects of habitat connectivity and regional heterogeneity on artificial pond metacommunities .” 2008. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Pedruski M. The effects of habitat connectivity and regional heterogeneity on artificial pond metacommunities . [Internet] [Thesis]. Queens University; 2008. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1559.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Pedruski M. The effects of habitat connectivity and regional heterogeneity on artificial pond metacommunities . [Thesis]. Queens University; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1559

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

26. Gómez, Jesús Enrique. Role of spatial and temporal vegetation heterogeneity from fire-grazing interactions to the assembly of tallgrass prairie spider communities.

Degree: PhD, Department of Biology, 2017, Kansas State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34672

► North American tallgrass prairie is a dynamic ecosystem that evolved with variable regimes of fire and grazing interactions (pyric herbivory), and variable mid-continental weather. Combined,… (more)

▼ North American tallgrass prairie is a dynamic ecosystem that evolved with variable regimes of fire and grazing interactions (pyric herbivory), and variable mid-continental weather. Combined, these ecological factors create a shifting mosaic of plant communities that create heterogeneous and structurally complex habitats that move around across the landscape in time and space. The overarching goal of my dissertation was to study how bottom-up habitat templates created in response to fire-grazing interactions influence the community structure of spiders, key arthropod predators in grassland food-webs. Spiders are a ubiquitous and diverse group of terrestrial predators that partition their habitat at fine scales with species distributions and abundances that are sensitive to habitat structure. Primary hypotheses examined include: (H1) Spider density, species diversity, species evenness and functional richness of hunting strategies should increase as the spatial heterogeneity of habitat structure and overall habitat productivity increases, as predicted by the habitat complexity and heterogeneity hypothesis. (H2) Pyric herbivory indirectly determines spider community structure through is effect on vegetation structure and spatial heterogeneity, thereby promoting the formation of a mosaic of spider species assemblages that track changes in the distribution of key habitat resources. My research takes advantage of a long-term, watershed-level manipulations of fire frequency and bison grazing across a topographically variable landscape at Kansas State University’s Konza Prairie Biological Station, a tallgrass prairie research site near Manhattan KS. Spider communities were sampled for three years at 23 sites representative of multiple habitat types ranging from low-stature grass-dominated sites to grassland-gallery forest transition zones. In addition, a field experiment was performed to test the hypothesis that vegetation structure contributes directly to web-builder abundance and web-type richness of spiders in open grasslands. Here, the availability of structure for web placement was increased by adding dead woody stems along transects in three watersheds that differed in burn histories and existing habitat structure in the absence of grazing. Results were consistent with the three key hypotheses. Species diversity and the functional diversity of spiders increased as the spatial heterogeneity and overall structure of habitat increased in response to fire-grazing interactions. Vegetation heterogeneity influenced spider community responses most strongly in the summer. Structural complexity of vegetation influenced spider diversity, species evenness and richness of hunting strategies throughout the growing season, becoming most important by the end of the growing season. The transitional ecotone between grasslands and woodlands supported a hotspot for spider density, species diversity and richness of hunting strategies along vegetation gradients (H1), and among habitat types (H2). Increasing the availability of web-anchoring… Advisors/Committee Members: Anthony Joern.

Subjects/Keywords: Spider community; Habitat structure; Konza Prairie Biological Station; Spatial and temporal heterogeneity; Fire and grazing interactions

11 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gómez, J. E. (2017). Role of spatial and temporal vegetation heterogeneity from fire-grazing interactions to the assembly of tallgrass prairie spider communities. (Doctoral Dissertation). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34672

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gómez, Jesús Enrique. “Role of spatial and temporal vegetation heterogeneity from fire-grazing interactions to the assembly of tallgrass prairie spider communities.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Kansas State University. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34672.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gómez, Jesús Enrique. “Role of spatial and temporal vegetation heterogeneity from fire-grazing interactions to the assembly of tallgrass prairie spider communities.” 2017. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Gómez JE. Role of spatial and temporal vegetation heterogeneity from fire-grazing interactions to the assembly of tallgrass prairie spider communities. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34672.

Council of Science Editors:

Gómez JE. Role of spatial and temporal vegetation heterogeneity from fire-grazing interactions to the assembly of tallgrass prairie spider communities. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34672

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

27. Bellone, Davide. Forest management to mitigate the risk of pest damage.

Degree: 2018, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

URL: https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/15384/

► Mixed forests are proposed as a management strategy that enables high levels of wood production while also supporting ecological and social benefits that are weakened… (more)

▼ Mixed forests are proposed as a management strategy that enables high levels of wood production while also supporting ecological and social benefits that are weakened by traditional monoculture strategies. An ecological benefit of mixed forestry is that it is expected to reduce plant damage caused by specialist insect pests because theory suggests that heterogeneous habitats such as mixed forests should limit fluctuations in pest insect population dynamics. Two main hypotheses have been proposed to explain this reduction in plant damage. The first is based on a bottom-up effect whereby plants grown in a diverse habitat have more effective defences against herbivores. The second is based on a top-down effect whereby plant species diversity creates habitat diversity that supports a higher abundance of pests’ natural enemies. However, the mechanisms underlying these bottom-up and top-down effects are not fully understood. To fill this gap, I investigated how heterogeneity affects the bottom-up and top-down mechanisms influencing pest insect population dynamics. As a model organism, I used the European pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer), an herbivorous insect that frequently reaches outbreak densities and whose larvae cause severe damage when feeding on pine needles. Sawfly performance is known to be affected by pine needle chemistry – particularly the concentration of di-terpenes, which affect larval survival, and nitrogen levels, which affect cocoon weight and thus adult fecundity. Generalist and specialist natural enemies have been showed to cause significant mortality in sawfly larvae and cocoons. Despite their importance, the effects of plant chemistry and natural enemies on insect herbivores have not been studied in the context of forest heterogeneity. I found that the variation in cocoon weight within groups of sawfly larvae feeding on Scots pine needles increased with the needles’ contents of di-terpenes, and that this trend was stronger in mixed forests than monocultures. Additionally, the rate of generalist predation on sawfly larvae was higher in more densely planted spots within forest stands. Predation on sawfly cocoons was favoured by tree diversity, but the presence of dead wood mitigated the negative effect of low tree diversity. In addition, forest heterogeneity had no discernible effect on specialist enemies, which were able to locate their hosts equally well in simple and complex habitats. This thesis shows that bottom-up effects on sawfly larvae cannot explain the observed reduction in tree damage in heterogeneous habitats. It may be that the higher variation in cocoon weight observed in mixed stands increases the average fecundity of adult sawflies, resulting in higher likelihood of outbreaks. Conversely, heterogeneity promoted top-down effects because it favoured generalist predators without negatively affecting specialists. These results will be useful to forest managers seeking to understand how mixed forestry can be used to mitigate anticipated increases in insect pest damage due to future…

Subjects/Keywords: biological control; mixed forests; information processing; pest insects; Biological control; habitat heterogeneity; bottom-up; top-down; pest; outbreaks

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Bellone, D. (2018). Forest management to mitigate the risk of pest damage. (Doctoral Dissertation). Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Retrieved from https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/15384/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bellone, Davide. “Forest management to mitigate the risk of pest damage.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/15384/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bellone, Davide. “Forest management to mitigate the risk of pest damage.” 2018. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Bellone D. Forest management to mitigate the risk of pest damage. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 2018. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/15384/.

Council of Science Editors:

Bellone D. Forest management to mitigate the risk of pest damage. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 2018. Available from: https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/15384/

Bowling Green State University

28. Martin, Amanda K. Reptilian Activity, Movements and Spatial Ecology within the Oak Openings Region.

Degree: PhD, Biological Sciences, 2020, Bowling Green State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu158696761197249

► Many taxa suffer from habitat loss, spread of invasive species, and climate change; however, reptiles are especially vulnerable because they are constrained physiologically from their… (more)

▼ Many taxa suffer from habitat loss, spread of invasive species, and climate change; however, reptiles are especially vulnerable because they are constrained physiologically from their ectothermic nature in addition to global population declines. Like other taxa, reptilian basic ecology requirements are influenced by ecological neighborhoods, which shape the abundance of critical resources and their movement patterns. My goal was to better understand reptilian movement patterns across spatial and temporal scales to facilitate conservation efforts within Oak Openings Region (OOR), of northwestern Ohio and southeastern Michigan, using a combination of field surveys, remote sensing data and modeling. My research examined (1) climate change, (2) distribution patterns, (3) habitat use, and (4) movement patterns. At the regional scale, we found moderate increases in suitable habitat for box turtles within the future scenarios based on climatic suitability models. Individuals may be more displaced or vulnerable from temperature change during the driest quarter of the year. Dispersal is feasible; box turtles, based on tracking of individuals, can move large distances within their lifetime but the physical barriers, like roads, on the landscape may greatly hinder these movements. I modeled habitat suitability for a suite of reptiles based on occupancy data and climate, habitat, elevation, and structural features. Currently, suitable habitat was less than half the area within OOR and was more restricted for two species of concern. There is a need to examine the range of limitations, i.e., minimum and maximum models, when planning conservation efforts for a suite of species, especially emphasizing the protection of wet and dry forest. At the local scale, I found using radio telemetry that box turtles displayed typical average home range sizes; however, some were much larger than other studies. This is likely a difference in landscape heterogeneity where home range size increased with greater shape complexity and decreased as it became more physical connected. Movements within preferred patch types may be more costly resulting in larger home ranges. Fine-scale tracking for box turtles and garter snakes was conducted using fluorescent powder. I found that they responded differently to the local environment as seen by trail curvature and distance traveled and were distinct from those found in other studies. Multi-species approaches are critical for conservation efforts. Combining field data with spatial modeling provides a dynamic tool for land management and informing conservation decisions. Advisors/Committee Members: Root, Karen (Advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Conservation; Ecology; Climate Change; GIS; Habitat Suitability; Heterogeneity; Movement Patterns; Oak Openings; Radio Telemetry; Reptiles; Spatial Ecology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Martin, A. K. (2020). Reptilian Activity, Movements and Spatial Ecology within the Oak Openings Region. (Doctoral Dissertation). Bowling Green State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu158696761197249

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Martin, Amanda K. “Reptilian Activity, Movements and Spatial Ecology within the Oak Openings Region.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, Bowling Green State University. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu158696761197249.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Martin, Amanda K. “Reptilian Activity, Movements and Spatial Ecology within the Oak Openings Region.” 2020. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Martin AK. Reptilian Activity, Movements and Spatial Ecology within the Oak Openings Region. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Bowling Green State University; 2020. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu158696761197249.

Council of Science Editors:

Martin AK. Reptilian Activity, Movements and Spatial Ecology within the Oak Openings Region. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Bowling Green State University; 2020. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu158696761197249

University of Central Florida

29. Catano, Christopher. Species And Habitat Interactions Of The Gopher Tortoise: A Keystone Species?.

Degree: 2012, University of Central Florida

URL: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2437

► Species-species and species-habitat interactions have been demonstrated to be important in influencing diversity across a variety of ecosystems. Despite generalities in the importance of these… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Gopher tortoise; biodiversity; management; species species interactions; species habitat interactions; sandhill habitat; florida; spatial scale; lidar; keystone species; ecosystem engineer; prescribed fire; habitat heterogeneity; Biology; Dissertations, Academic – Sciences, Sciences – Dissertations, Academic

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Catano, C. (2012). Species And Habitat Interactions Of The Gopher Tortoise: A Keystone Species?. (Masters Thesis). University of Central Florida. Retrieved from https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2437

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Catano, Christopher. “Species And Habitat Interactions Of The Gopher Tortoise: A Keystone Species?.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Central Florida. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2437.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Catano, Christopher. “Species And Habitat Interactions Of The Gopher Tortoise: A Keystone Species?.” 2012. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Catano C. Species And Habitat Interactions Of The Gopher Tortoise: A Keystone Species?. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Central Florida; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2437.

Council of Science Editors:

Catano C. Species And Habitat Interactions Of The Gopher Tortoise: A Keystone Species?. [Masters Thesis]. University of Central Florida; 2012. Available from: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2437

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria

30. Samanta Iop. DIVERSIDADE E DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DE ANFÍBIOS ANUROS DO PARQUE ESTADUAL DO TURVO, RIO GRANDE DO SUL.

Degree: 2010, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria

URL: http://coralx.ufsm.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3420

►

Estudamos a riqueza e a distribuição espacial da anurofauna registrada no Parque Estadual do Turvo (PET), maior remanescente de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual do estado do… (more)

▼

Estudamos a riqueza e a distribuição espacial da anurofauna registrada no Parque Estadual do Turvo (PET), maior remanescente de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Nesse trabalho, (1) descrevemos a composição da comunidade de anuros do PET, (2) comparamos a composição da anurofauna com a de outras localidades de Florestas Estacionais, testando a hipótese de que as localidades próximas ao Núcleo Misiones corroboram a nova unidade fitogeográfica, conhecida como Região das Florestas Tropicais Sazonais, e (3), testamos se a ocorrência de espécies de anuros em poças é diferente de um modelo nulo de distribuição randômica, hipotetizando que a heterogeneidade ambiental e a distribuição espacial das poças têm influência sobre a estrutura das comunidades de anuros no sul do Brasil. Para o inventariamento das espécies foram empregadas diferentes técnicas (amostragens em sítios de reprodução, encontros ocasionais, armadilhas de interceptação e queda e consulta a coleções científicas). Para verificar a distribuição espacial, monitoramos 14 poças com heterogeneidade ambiental variável. Foram registradas 32 espécies de anfíbios no Parque e arredores, pertencentes a duas ordens: Anura, 30 espécies nativas e uma exótica e Gymnophiona, uma espécie. A análise de similaridade entre as localidades de Florestas Estacionais apresentou a formação de três grupos com 45% de similaridade entre eles: o primeiro grupo composto pelas localidades do sudeste e centro-oeste, o segundo grupo composto pelas localidades do sul e o terceiro grupo pelas localidades da porção de transição com a Floresta Atlântica sensu stricto. A formação do segundo grupo corrobora a proposta de uma nova unidade fitogeográfica, conhecida como Região das Florestas Tropicais Sazonais. Foram registradas 15 espécies de anuros nas poças, e sua distribuição foi claramente não randômica, corroborando a nossa hipótese de que a composição das espécies é influenciada pela heterogeneidade ambiental. As principais variáveis que estão correlacionadas com a estruturação das poças são: a área, a profundidade, o hidroperíodo, a porcentagem de cobertura vegetal no espelho dágua e a distância que se encontravam em relação à borda mais próxima do Parque. A estrutura das comunidades de anuros não foi influenciada pela distribuição espacial das poças. Esse resultado indica que as poças estudadas foram independentes quanto à composição da anurofauna. Os resultados do presente estudo demonstraram que a heterogeneidade dos corpos dágua é uma forte reguladora da estrutura de comunidades de anfíbios anuros e essa informação tem implicações para estratégias de conservação da anurofauna Neotropical Austral.

We study the richness and the spatial distribution of anuran amphibians recorded in Parque Estadual do Turvo (PET), the largest remnant of Mesophytic Semideciduous Forest in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In this study we (1) describe the composition of community of amphibians in PET, (2) compare the composition of species with those recorded in…

Advisors/Committee Members: Sonia Terezinha Zanini Cechin, Raúl Eduardo Maneyro Landó, Ricardo Jannini Sawaya.

Subjects/Keywords: autocorrelação espacial; heterogenidade; poças; floresta estacional; uso de hábitat; ecologia de comunidades; CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS; seasonal forest; habitat use; community ecology; ponds; heterogeneity; spatial autocorrelation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Iop, S. (2010). DIVERSIDADE E DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DE ANFÍBIOS ANUROS DO PARQUE ESTADUAL DO TURVO, RIO GRANDE DO SUL. (Thesis). Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Retrieved from http://coralx.ufsm.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3420

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Iop, Samanta. “DIVERSIDADE E DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DE ANFÍBIOS ANUROS DO PARQUE ESTADUAL DO TURVO, RIO GRANDE DO SUL.” 2010. Thesis, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://coralx.ufsm.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3420.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Iop, Samanta. “DIVERSIDADE E DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DE ANFÍBIOS ANUROS DO PARQUE ESTADUAL DO TURVO, RIO GRANDE DO SUL.” 2010. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Iop S. DIVERSIDADE E DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DE ANFÍBIOS ANUROS DO PARQUE ESTADUAL DO TURVO, RIO GRANDE DO SUL. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; 2010. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://coralx.ufsm.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3420.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Iop S. DIVERSIDADE E DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DE ANFÍBIOS ANUROS DO PARQUE ESTADUAL DO TURVO, RIO GRANDE DO SUL. [Thesis]. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; 2010. Available from: http://coralx.ufsm.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3420

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Open Access Theses and Dissertations