subject:(green chemistry)

Queens University

1. DURELLE, JEREMY RONALD. Designing Switchable-Hydrophilicity Solvents and Modelling Their Behaviour .

Degree: Chemistry, 2014, Queens University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/12528

► Switchable-hydrophilicity solvents (SHSs) are solvents that in one state forms a biphasic mixture with water but can be reversibly switched to another state that is… (more)

▼ Switchable-hydrophilicity solvents (SHSs) are solvents that in one state forms a biphasic mixture with water but can be reversibly switched to another state that is miscible with water. In theory, this switch can be triggered in a number of ways, however we focus on dissolved CO2 as the switchable trigger. The most practical use of an SHS is for extraction of a water-immiscible liquid product from a solvent in which it is dissolved (as demonstrated by the extraction of bitumen from the oil sands, bio-oil from algae, etc). This technology provides a more environmentally-friendly means of extraction over current popular processes such as distillation. Since their discovery in 2010, more than 25 nitrogen-based SHSs have been reported in the literature. The SHS behaviour seems to be strongly correlated with hydrophilicity and basicity, not surprisingly. Indeed, amine solvents which demonstrate SHS behaviour are contained within a specific hydrophilicity and basicity range. This range can be predicted based on fundamental acid-dissociation and partitioning equations which, once developed, reveal other tuneable parameters. These parameters are intrinsic (molecular weight and density) as well as extrinsic (CO2 pressure and water:SHS volume ratio). The extrinsic parameters enable the switchable range to expand - enabling less basic and more hydrophobic solvents to act as SHSs. This is of interest since one of the goals of SHS technology is to replace volatile, smog-forming and bio-accumulating solvents with environmentally benign ones. Having a greater range to choose SHSs from increases the chances of finding more environmentally benign solvents. The other goal of SHS technology is to be as effective, if not more, than conventional solvents for extractions. Equipped with a mathematical description of the SHS process, it is a simple matter of optimizing the resulting equations in terms of the extrinsic parameters. Increasing the pressure of CO2 as well as the water:SHS volume ratio increases the amount of SHS that is extracted from the liquid product. This is true for the two-liquid system (composed of water and SHS) as well as the three-liquid system (composed of water, SHS, and a water-immisible organic liquid), though their mathematical descriptions are different.

Subjects/Keywords: Green chemistry ; SHS

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APA (6^th Edition):

DURELLE, J. R. (2014). Designing Switchable-Hydrophilicity Solvents and Modelling Their Behaviour . (Thesis). Queens University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1974/12528

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

DURELLE, JEREMY RONALD. “Designing Switchable-Hydrophilicity Solvents and Modelling Their Behaviour .” 2014. Thesis, Queens University. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/12528.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

DURELLE, JEREMY RONALD. “Designing Switchable-Hydrophilicity Solvents and Modelling Their Behaviour .” 2014. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

DURELLE JR. Designing Switchable-Hydrophilicity Solvents and Modelling Their Behaviour . [Internet] [Thesis]. Queens University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/12528.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

DURELLE JR. Designing Switchable-Hydrophilicity Solvents and Modelling Their Behaviour . [Thesis]. Queens University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/12528

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

2. Nageshwar, D. Synthesis of ionic liquids: application to wittig, reduction and aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions; -.

Degree: Chemistry, 2010, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University

URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/4500

►

As part of an ongoing program in the area of green chemistry, we have considered the synthesis of room temperature ionic liquids and their application… (more)

▼

As part of an ongoing program in the area of green chemistry, we have considered the synthesis of room temperature ionic liquids and their application as reaction medium in organic transformations. The efforts and contribution towards the preparation and application of ionic liquids have been summarized in the form of this thesis. The thesis entitled ?Synthesis of ionic liquids: Application to Wittig, reduction and aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions? is divided into five chapters. CHAPTER-I: Introduction to ionic liquids This chapter deals with the 12 principles of green chemistry, ?E? factor, atom efficiency, possible alternative solvents and their applications, ionic liquids, and a few examples on the application of RTILs in organic synthesis. CHAPTER-II: Synthesis and characterization of citronellal based chiral ionic liquids Chapter 2 deals with the preparation and characterization of a series of chiral ionic liquids starting from the chiral pool citronellal. Several new chiral ionic liquids were prepared starting from both the isomers of citronellal with dialkyl amine as the amine source. The Schiff base, thus obtained, was reduced and further reacted with alkyl halides to give ionic liquids. The strategy could begeneralized with several dialkyl amines to design chiral ionic liquids. CHOHCHOHa. X = I, R = Meb. X = I, R = Etc. X = Br, R = n-Prd. X = Br, R = i-Pre. X = Br, R = n-Bu(S)-18(S)-20a-e(R)-18(R)-20a-eHNRHNR(S)-19a-e(R)-19a-eHNRHNRXXXX Figure: 2.1 Retrosynthesis of Citronellal-based chiral ionic liquids. Most of the ionic liquids prepared in this series were found to be liquids at room temperature. CHAPTER-III: Application of ionic liquids in the Wittig reaction and synthesis of lacidipine using ionic liquids Chapter 3 deals with the application of ionic liquids in the Wittig reaction. The generality of the methodology has been demonstrated with various substituted benzaldehydes and ylides.

References given chapters wise

Advisors/Committee Members: Palle, V R Acharyulu, Rao, D Muralimohan.

Subjects/Keywords: ionic liquids; Chemistry; Green Chemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nageshwar, D. (2010). Synthesis of ionic liquids: application to wittig, reduction and aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions; -. (Thesis). Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/4500

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nageshwar, D. “Synthesis of ionic liquids: application to wittig, reduction and aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions; -.” 2010. Thesis, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/4500.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nageshwar, D. “Synthesis of ionic liquids: application to wittig, reduction and aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions; -.” 2010. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Nageshwar D. Synthesis of ionic liquids: application to wittig, reduction and aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions; -. [Internet] [Thesis]. Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/4500.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Nageshwar D. Synthesis of ionic liquids: application to wittig, reduction and aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions; -. [Thesis]. Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University; 2010. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/4500

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Michigan

3. Kang, Chin-Lun. Green Synthesis of Tertiary Aryl Dialkyl Amines and Theoretical Investigation of the Formate-Mediated Mechanism.

Degree: MS, Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2014, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/112025

► Amines and their derivatives are important functionalities. Therefore, developing efficient methods for the synthesis of amines has attracted tremendous attention. Among a number of synthetic… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: amines; green chemistry; dibutylbenzylamine; diethylbenzylamine

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kang, C. (2014). Green Synthesis of Tertiary Aryl Dialkyl Amines and Theoretical Investigation of the Formate-Mediated Mechanism. (Masters Thesis). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/112025

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kang, Chin-Lun. “Green Synthesis of Tertiary Aryl Dialkyl Amines and Theoretical Investigation of the Formate-Mediated Mechanism.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Michigan. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/112025.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kang, Chin-Lun. “Green Synthesis of Tertiary Aryl Dialkyl Amines and Theoretical Investigation of the Formate-Mediated Mechanism.” 2014. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kang C. Green Synthesis of Tertiary Aryl Dialkyl Amines and Theoretical Investigation of the Formate-Mediated Mechanism. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Michigan; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/112025.

Council of Science Editors:

Kang C. Green Synthesis of Tertiary Aryl Dialkyl Amines and Theoretical Investigation of the Formate-Mediated Mechanism. [Masters Thesis]. University of Michigan; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/112025

University of Oxford

4. Liao, Fenglin. The development of Pd-based bimetallic nano-catalysts in green chemistry.

Degree: PhD, 2015, University of Oxford

URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2fb03ce6-ba32-4102-96fc-f00fc7593bc0 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711825

► With the gradual depletion of the non-renewable fossil fuel resources and the emerging environmental concerns, the need of exploring renewable synthesis routes of our daily… (more)

▼ With the gradual depletion of the non-renewable fossil fuel resources and the emerging environmental concerns, the need of exploring renewable synthesis routes of our daily basic stocks is rising. Due to the large contribution to the global primary energy (up to 40% in some countries), biomass has recently been advocated to be one of the most promising alternatives for fossil fuel. This thesis focuses on the catalytic transformations of biomass or biomass derived molecules into valuable small alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and propanol, which can be used as both fuel and chemical synthesis intermediates. Novel catalysts with high activity and selectivity toward target products are desperately required in the development of renewable chemical synthesis routes. In the past 200 years, platinum metal catalysts have been widely used in the industry. But nowadays, Pd is attracting increasing attentions due to (i) its similar physicochemical properties to those of Pt, (ii) its higher natural abundance than Pt. Alloying has been demonstrated as an effective method in enhancing the catalytic properties of noble metals. In this thesis, a new and facile method for the preparation of supported bimetallic NPs with tunable compositions is developed. Through the establishment of a type II hetero-junction in support, controllable amounts of metallic atoms can be derived from the reduction of the metal oxide support, with the assistance of a supported noble metal. A series of extremely small Pd-based bimetallic NPs with a variety of modifier atoms at tunable compositions, namely PdFe, PdCo, PdNi and PdZn, have been synthesized by this method. These novel bimetallic NPs are applied to the catalytic conversion of biomass or biomass derived molecules containing repeating vicinal diol units. It is demonstrated that the catalytic performance of Pd in bimetallic phase is governed by the d-band structure. The high degree of d-band filling and high d-band center position favour the selective C-O cleavage in hydrogenolysis of vicinal diol units. On the other hand, the selective C-C cleavage can be achieved by lowering the d-band filling of the Pd-based bimetallic NPs. The specificity of C-C bond rupture over that of C-O increases in order of PdZn < PdNi < PdCo < PdFe, with progressive d-band filling reduction, eventually reaches 95% in a series of vicinal diols hydrogenolysis. As a result, small alcohols are produced with high selectivity as the degradation products of biomass molecules when PdFe bimetallic NPs are employed as catalyst. Conversely, by incorporating Co atoms at high concentration, PdCo exhibits a high selectivity in breaking C-O bond of ethylene glycol due to the raised d-band center position and gives ethanol as the main product. Pd@Zn bimetallic NPs with an imperfect core(Pd)-shell(Zn) structure were used in a methanol synthesis route from biomass transformation via CO₂ hydrogenation (CO₂/H₂ is produced from low temperature reforming of biomass resource).…

Subjects/Keywords: 660; Green chemistry; Biomass conversion

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APA (6^th Edition):

Liao, F. (2015). The development of Pd-based bimetallic nano-catalysts in green chemistry. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2fb03ce6-ba32-4102-96fc-f00fc7593bc0 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711825

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Liao, Fenglin. “The development of Pd-based bimetallic nano-catalysts in green chemistry.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2fb03ce6-ba32-4102-96fc-f00fc7593bc0 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711825.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Liao, Fenglin. “The development of Pd-based bimetallic nano-catalysts in green chemistry.” 2015. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Liao F. The development of Pd-based bimetallic nano-catalysts in green chemistry. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2fb03ce6-ba32-4102-96fc-f00fc7593bc0 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711825.

Council of Science Editors:

Liao F. The development of Pd-based bimetallic nano-catalysts in green chemistry. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2015. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2fb03ce6-ba32-4102-96fc-f00fc7593bc0 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711825

Montana State University

5. Bruce, Spencer Michael. An experimental study of small pore zeolites for the upgrading of biomass to furfural.

Degree: MS, College of Engineering, 2015, Montana State University

URL: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/9371

► Furfural derived from lignocellulosic biomass is a valuable platform molecule in the production of renewable liquid fuels and chemicals. With ever-increasing emphasis on reducing dependence… (more)

▼ Furfural derived from lignocellulosic biomass is a valuable platform molecule in the production of renewable liquid fuels and chemicals. With ever-increasing emphasis on reducing dependence on traditional petroleum-derived fuels and chemicals, the production of value-added chemicals from biomass has the potential to have a major global economic and environmental impact. To do so efficiently and sustainably requires the development and evaluation of new catalysts for these applications. These catalysts must not only be effective at catalyzing the conversion of sugars to furfural, but also must be easily separated, regenerated, and reused following each reaction. In this study, several small pore zeolites and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were evaluated for use in the dehydration of xylose, glucose, and switchgrass to furfural in a monophasic system of 90/10 gamma-valerolactone (GVL)/water. Based on results of initial experiments, three small pore zeolites, SAPO-34, SAPO-56, and DNL-6, became the major focus of these studies. The pore sizes of these molecules are significantly smaller than the kinetic diameters of xylose and glucose, which would lead one to predict minimal furfural production over these catalysts due to limited acid site access. In spite of that, moderate furfural yields of approximately 40% were achieved over SAPO-34 and SAPO-56 from xylose. Moderate furfural yields were also achieved from non-pretreated switchgrass over the SAPO catalysts in the GVL/water system, with strong evidence that both xylose and glucose were converting to furfural. Furfural degradation in GVL/water was minimal compared to degradation in a purely aqueous solvent. No leaching of acid sites occurred with the SAPO-34 catalyst, and it was recycled multiple times with only a 5% drop in furfural yield from first to final reaction. Most previous research using zeolite catalysts to upgrade biomass has focused on medium and large pore zeolites, as their pore apertures more closely match the kinetic diameters of the relevant component sugars of biomass. The results presented in this study suggest that small pore zeolites are also worthy of ongoing research. Advisors/Committee Members: Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Stephanie Wettstein (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Green chemistry.; Zeolite catalysts.; Furfural.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bruce, S. M. (2015). An experimental study of small pore zeolites for the upgrading of biomass to furfural. (Masters Thesis). Montana State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/9371

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bruce, Spencer Michael. “An experimental study of small pore zeolites for the upgrading of biomass to furfural.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Montana State University. Accessed March 03, 2021. https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/9371.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bruce, Spencer Michael. “An experimental study of small pore zeolites for the upgrading of biomass to furfural.” 2015. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Bruce SM. An experimental study of small pore zeolites for the upgrading of biomass to furfural. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Montana State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/9371.

Council of Science Editors:

Bruce SM. An experimental study of small pore zeolites for the upgrading of biomass to furfural. [Masters Thesis]. Montana State University; 2015. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/9371

University of Notre Dame

6. Elizabeth D. Willis-Kochly. Advances in Carbocation Chemistry: Carbocations in Ionic Liquids, beta-Silyl Cyclopropyl Carbocations, and beta- and gamma-silyl Cyclobutyl Carbocations</h1>.

Degree: Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2008, University of Notre Dame

URL: https://curate.nd.edu/show/x633dz03j6s

► This dissertation describes studies encompassing a variety of areas of carbocation chemistry. Carbocation formation in ionic liquids, which are polar aprotic solvents, was studied.… (more)

▼ This dissertation describes studies encompassing a variety of areas of carbocation chemistry. Carbocation formation in ionic liquids, which are polar aprotic solvents, was studied. The chemistry of some unusual silicon substituted carbocations was also investigated. Reactions of a number of triflates, mesylates and trifluoroacetates in ionic liquids have been investigated. It was concluded that these substrates all react via carbocationic intermediates. In fact, some of the ionic liquids under investigation were found to have an ionizing power similar to that of CF3CH2OH, a commonly used solvent for carbocation formation. Evidence in support of this conclusion include the observation of carbocationic rearrangements in a variety of substrates, a Hammett-Brown rho+ value of Ì¢âÂ"7.1 for the solvolyses of 1-aryl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl triflates, and the facile solvolysis of 1-adamantyl mesylate which necessarily proceeds via a carbocationic intermediate. Some unusual reactivity was seen in ionic liquids as well. For example, it was found that small concentrations of water in the ionic liquids have a significant impact on the rates of solvolyses of mesylates. The effect of water on triflate solvolyses however, was negligible. Additionally, a novel oxidation process of triflates involving loss of sulfinate was found to occur in certain ionic liquids. An investigation of the stabilizing effect of beta-silyl groups on cyclopropyl carbocations was also undertaken. The normally large effect of a beta-silyl group (which can cause solvolysis rate enhancements of up to 1012) was found to be greatly repressed in cyclopropyl systems. Computational studies agreed with this conclusion. The intermediate silyl-substituted cyclopropyl cations instead tended to undergo ring opening since silyl stabilization is reduced. A similar study was undertaken involving cyclobutyl carbocations. Incorporation of a beta-silyl group into cyclobutyl carbocations led again to a smaller than expected b-silyl stabilization. In fact, the effect was successfully quashed in a beta-silyl benzocyclobutenyl carbocation in which beta-silyl stabilization would have led to antiaromatic character in the carbocation. The gamma-silyl effect was also investigated in cyclobutyl systems. Experimental and computational studies showed that gamma-silyl stabilization can occur via two distinct modes. Either the front, or the rear lobe of the gamma-silyl group can donate electron density into the empty p-orbital of the carbocation. This effect was also found to be much larger than previously recorded. Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Paul Helquist, Committee Member, Dr. Marya Lieberman, Committee Member, Dr. Marvin Miller, Committee Member, Dr. Xavier Creary, Committee Chair.

Subjects/Keywords: green chemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Willis-Kochly, E. D. (2008). Advances in Carbocation Chemistry: Carbocations in Ionic Liquids, beta-Silyl Cyclopropyl Carbocations, and beta- and gamma-silyl Cyclobutyl Carbocations</h1>. (Thesis). University of Notre Dame. Retrieved from https://curate.nd.edu/show/x633dz03j6s

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Willis-Kochly, Elizabeth D.. “Advances in Carbocation Chemistry: Carbocations in Ionic Liquids, beta-Silyl Cyclopropyl Carbocations, and beta- and gamma-silyl Cyclobutyl Carbocations</h1>.” 2008. Thesis, University of Notre Dame. Accessed March 03, 2021. https://curate.nd.edu/show/x633dz03j6s.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Willis-Kochly, Elizabeth D.. “Advances in Carbocation Chemistry: Carbocations in Ionic Liquids, beta-Silyl Cyclopropyl Carbocations, and beta- and gamma-silyl Cyclobutyl Carbocations</h1>.” 2008. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Willis-Kochly ED. Advances in Carbocation Chemistry: Carbocations in Ionic Liquids, beta-Silyl Cyclopropyl Carbocations, and beta- and gamma-silyl Cyclobutyl Carbocations</h1>. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Notre Dame; 2008. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: https://curate.nd.edu/show/x633dz03j6s.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Willis-Kochly ED. Advances in Carbocation Chemistry: Carbocations in Ionic Liquids, beta-Silyl Cyclopropyl Carbocations, and beta- and gamma-silyl Cyclobutyl Carbocations</h1>. [Thesis]. University of Notre Dame; 2008. Available from: https://curate.nd.edu/show/x633dz03j6s

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

7. Bowman, Sheena. DEGRADATION OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE USING HYDROPHOBIC GREEN RUST.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Chemistry, 2015, City University of New York

URL: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_etds_theses/559

► Hydrophobic green rusts (GR) were produced using aerial oxidation of solutions containing bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (BIS) and sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate (SNLS), iron (II) sulfate and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: modified green rust; hydrophobic; Chemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bowman, S. (2015). DEGRADATION OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE USING HYDROPHOBIC GREEN RUST. (Thesis). City University of New York. Retrieved from https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_etds_theses/559

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bowman, Sheena. “DEGRADATION OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE USING HYDROPHOBIC GREEN RUST.” 2015. Thesis, City University of New York. Accessed March 03, 2021. https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_etds_theses/559.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bowman, Sheena. “DEGRADATION OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE USING HYDROPHOBIC GREEN RUST.” 2015. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Bowman S. DEGRADATION OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE USING HYDROPHOBIC GREEN RUST. [Internet] [Thesis]. City University of New York; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_etds_theses/559.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Bowman S. DEGRADATION OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE USING HYDROPHOBIC GREEN RUST. [Thesis]. City University of New York; 2015. Available from: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_etds_theses/559

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Queens University

8. Carrier, Andrew James. The Transportation and Transformation of Energy Through Reversible Hydrogenation .

Degree: Chemistry, 2011, Queens University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6681

► Cycles of reversible hydrogenation reactions are important for at least two different energy-related applications: reversible chemical hydrogen storage and thermally regenerative fuel cells. Hydrogen fuel… (more)

▼ Cycles of reversible hydrogenation reactions are important for at least two different energy-related applications: reversible chemical hydrogen storage and thermally regenerative fuel cells. Hydrogen fuel is a green alternative to conventional hydrocarbon fuels for transportation applications. This is because the combustion product of hydrogen is simply water, which is non-toxic and ubiquitous. Hydrogen is also an attractive fuel because of its high energy content; however, because it is a gas it has poor volumetric energy density. In Chapter 2, ionic liquids consisting of both cations and anions that can undergo reversible dehydrogenative aromatization were used to chemically store hydrogen. Cations investigated included pyridinium ions, which were easily hydrogenated but could not be regenerated through the dehydrogenation of piperidinium ions; and carbazole containing ammonium (whose synthesis failed) and imidazolium (which failed to hydrogenate) cations. The anions studied were heterocyclic carboxylates and sulfonates, these ions were observed to undergo both hydrogenation and dehydrogenation to various degrees when reacted in solution. However, as components of ionic liquids, they fail to react at a significant rate. The viscosity of the fluids was suspected to be hindering the diffusion of either hydrogen or the ions to or from the catalyst surface. In addition to using hydrogen as the primary source of energy in a vehicle, reversible hydrogenation can form the basis of a thermally regenerative fuel cell: a device that converts low grade vehicle waste heat, from a conventional engine, into electricity for the vehicles auxiliary power units. In Chapter 3, secondary benzylic alcohols, in particular 1-phenyl-1-propanol, were determined to be able to undergo dehydrogenation to the corresponding ketone rapidly and with extremely high selectivity over a palladium on silica catalyst. The dehydrogenation gave an initial rate of hydrogen evolution of 4.6 l of hydrogen per gram of palladium per minute and the enthalpy and entropy of the dehydrogenation is +56 kJ mol-1 and +117 J mol-1 K-1. This adsorbed energy can then be released as electricity in a fuel cell and be used to power auxiliary units in a vehicle without decreasing fuel economy.

Subjects/Keywords: Hydrogen Energy ; Green Chemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Carrier, A. J. (2011). The Transportation and Transformation of Energy Through Reversible Hydrogenation . (Thesis). Queens University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6681

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Carrier, Andrew James. “The Transportation and Transformation of Energy Through Reversible Hydrogenation .” 2011. Thesis, Queens University. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6681.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Carrier, Andrew James. “The Transportation and Transformation of Energy Through Reversible Hydrogenation .” 2011. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Carrier AJ. The Transportation and Transformation of Energy Through Reversible Hydrogenation . [Internet] [Thesis]. Queens University; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6681.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Carrier AJ. The Transportation and Transformation of Energy Through Reversible Hydrogenation . [Thesis]. Queens University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6681

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Oklahoma

9. Jackson, Louis Paul. MIXTURE OF BIOSURFACTANTS MADE FROM RENEWABLE RESOURCES: SURFACTANT PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES.

Degree: PhD, 2013, University of Oklahoma

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/319196

► In addition, aqueous solutions of sodium n-alkyl carboxylates sodium tetradecanoate (S14C) and sodium dodecanoate (S12C) were used to evaluate complicated precipitation zones and to monitor… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Surface active agents; Green chemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jackson, L. P. (2013). MIXTURE OF BIOSURFACTANTS MADE FROM RENEWABLE RESOURCES: SURFACTANT PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oklahoma. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/319196

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jackson, Louis Paul. “MIXTURE OF BIOSURFACTANTS MADE FROM RENEWABLE RESOURCES: SURFACTANT PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oklahoma. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/319196.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jackson, Louis Paul. “MIXTURE OF BIOSURFACTANTS MADE FROM RENEWABLE RESOURCES: SURFACTANT PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES.” 2013. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Jackson LP. MIXTURE OF BIOSURFACTANTS MADE FROM RENEWABLE RESOURCES: SURFACTANT PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oklahoma; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/319196.

Council of Science Editors:

Jackson LP. MIXTURE OF BIOSURFACTANTS MADE FROM RENEWABLE RESOURCES: SURFACTANT PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oklahoma; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/319196

Victoria University of Wellington

10. Tuano, Kevin. Iron-TAML Complexes: A Computational Approach to Improving Stability.

Degree: 2016, Victoria University of Wellington

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/6344

► Researchers at the Institute for Green Oxidation Chemistry of the Carnegie Mellon University developed a group of catalysts called tetra amido macrocyclic ligand (TAML) activators.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Iron-TAML; Green Chemistry; Computational Chemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tuano, K. (2016). Iron-TAML Complexes: A Computational Approach to Improving Stability. (Masters Thesis). Victoria University of Wellington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10063/6344

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tuano, Kevin. “Iron-TAML Complexes: A Computational Approach to Improving Stability.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/6344.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tuano, Kevin. “Iron-TAML Complexes: A Computational Approach to Improving Stability.” 2016. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Tuano K. Iron-TAML Complexes: A Computational Approach to Improving Stability. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/6344.

Council of Science Editors:

Tuano K. Iron-TAML Complexes: A Computational Approach to Improving Stability. [Masters Thesis]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/6344

California State University – Sacramento

11. Roush, Cathleen. Uncatalyzed microwave synthesis of simple and bis 1,2,3-triazole.

Degree: MS, Chemistry, 2011, California State University – Sacramento

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.9/1260

► Triazoles are a type of heterocyclic amine which can be found in a variety of useful and bioactive compounds, ranging from agrochemicals and photochemical products… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Green chemistry; Triazole; Atom economy; Click chemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Roush, C. (2011). Uncatalyzed microwave synthesis of simple and bis 1,2,3-triazole. (Masters Thesis). California State University – Sacramento. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10211.9/1260

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Roush, Cathleen. “Uncatalyzed microwave synthesis of simple and bis 1,2,3-triazole.” 2011. Masters Thesis, California State University – Sacramento. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10211.9/1260.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Roush, Cathleen. “Uncatalyzed microwave synthesis of simple and bis 1,2,3-triazole.” 2011. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Roush C. Uncatalyzed microwave synthesis of simple and bis 1,2,3-triazole. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. California State University – Sacramento; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.9/1260.

Council of Science Editors:

Roush C. Uncatalyzed microwave synthesis of simple and bis 1,2,3-triazole. [Masters Thesis]. California State University – Sacramento; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.9/1260

University of Helsinki

12. Al-Qaisi, Feda'a. Cyclic Carbonates Synthesis via Catalytic Cycloaddition of Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides using Sustainable Metal-based Catalysts and Organocatalytic Systems.

Degree: Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemisytry, 2016, University of Helsinki

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/161075

►

The conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2), an abundant renewable carbon reagent, into cyclic carbonate is of academic and industrial interest. Cyclic carbonate serve as green… (more)

▼

The conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2), an abundant renewable carbon reagent, into cyclic carbonate is of academic and industrial interest. Cyclic carbonate serve as green solvent and have some outstanding properties such as a high boiling point and low toxicity. Titanium and iron would be attractive metal candidates as benign and efficient alternative to other metal catalysis for CO2 conversion to cyclic carbonate, due combination of low toxicity and high Lewis acidity. In the present work the coupling reactions of carbon dioxide with epoxides to produce five-membered cyclic carbonates (propylene, 1-hexene, cyclohexene, styrene, and epichlorohydrin carbonates) were efficiently catalyzed either by sustainable metal-based catalysts of: (1) titanium alkoxide complexes/tetrabutylammonium salts; (2) Schiff base iron(III) complexes/onium salts; (3) bifunctional imidazole-Schiff base iron(III) complex; and (4) metal-free systems consisting of a simple, preferably primary or secondary, amines and halides with organic or inorganic cations (such as tetrabutylammonium or lithium chloride, bromide or iodide). Reactivity of the four above-mentioned catalytic systems was further studied and compared in the coupling reactions.

Väitöskirja käsittelee hiilidioksidin liittämistä epoksideihin ja siten sen muuttamista käyttö- kelpoisiksi orgaanisiksi yhdisteiksi eräiden siirtymämetallikatalyyttien sekä organokatalyy- sin avulla. Tutkimus liittyy hiilidioksidipäästöjen vähentämiseen ja uusiutuvien raaka- aineiden käyttöön ja käsittelee siten hyvin ajankohtaisia aiheita ns. vihreän kemian tutki- musalueella. Työssä on onnistuttu kehittämään kaksi uutta tehokasta katalyyttisysteemiä, joissa hiilidioksidin ja orgaanisen lähtöaineen reaktio voidaan tehdä ilman erillistä liuotinta sekä kaksi uutta katalyyttisysteemiä, joissa reaktiot tehdään käyttämällä erilaisia liuottimia. Vihreän kemian periaatteisiin kuuluu mm. jätteen synnyn ehkäisy sekä haitallisten liuotti- mien välttäminen, joten liuotinvapaan katalyyttisysteemin kehittämistä voidaan pitää mer- kittävänä tuloksena pyrittäessä kehittämään ympäristöystävällisempiä menetelmiä kemial- listen prosessien toteuttamiseksi. Tässä työssä käytetyt katalyyttimetallit titaani ja rauta - ovat ympäristölle vaarattomia ja siten vihreä kemian periaatteiden mukaisia. Organokata- lyysiä hyödynnettäessä voidaan myös välttää haitallisten metalliyhdisteiden käyttäminen.

Subjects/Keywords: catalysis and Green Chemistry; catalysis and Green Chemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Al-Qaisi, F. (2016). Cyclic Carbonates Synthesis via Catalytic Cycloaddition of Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides using Sustainable Metal-based Catalysts and Organocatalytic Systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Helsinki. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10138/161075

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Al-Qaisi, Feda'a. “Cyclic Carbonates Synthesis via Catalytic Cycloaddition of Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides using Sustainable Metal-based Catalysts and Organocatalytic Systems.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Helsinki. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10138/161075.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Al-Qaisi, Feda'a. “Cyclic Carbonates Synthesis via Catalytic Cycloaddition of Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides using Sustainable Metal-based Catalysts and Organocatalytic Systems.” 2016. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Al-Qaisi F. Cyclic Carbonates Synthesis via Catalytic Cycloaddition of Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides using Sustainable Metal-based Catalysts and Organocatalytic Systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/161075.

Council of Science Editors:

Al-Qaisi F. Cyclic Carbonates Synthesis via Catalytic Cycloaddition of Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides using Sustainable Metal-based Catalysts and Organocatalytic Systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/161075

13. Dharmarajan, Shanmugapriya. Evaluating Green Solvents and Techniques in Extraction Methods.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2019, South Dakota State University

URL: https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/3658

► Of all analytical techniques, extraction is a huge solvent-consuming process that could adversely impact the environment. Use of petroleum-based solvents for extraction of oilseeds… (more)

▼ Of all analytical techniques, extraction is a huge solvent-consuming process that could adversely impact the environment. Use of petroleum-based solvents for extraction of oilseeds is still a common practice, despite the potential fire hazard and the toxic water pollution. The rising awareness of chemical activities created immense need for sustainable development schemes and strategies that should address the environmental impact without compromising the yield. In the course of developing green extraction techniques, automation, alternative solvents, and selective extractions are the growing trend. This dissertation aligns with that progress by surveying green solvents, comparing their performance during oil extraction, examining a prototype automated extraction system, and studying the efficiency of selective adsorbents. Green solvents are of great interest as they are sourced from renewable feedstock and pose little or no danger to the environment. But their application in analytical chemistry is not widely appreciated. This dissertation aimed to study the extraction efficiency of green solvents during accelerated solvent extraction of soybean oil. Five green solvents, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF), alpha-pinene, cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME), ethyl lactate, and t-butyl methyl ether (TBME), were chosen based on the literature, solubility, and viscosity. Using the GSK solvent-scoring system obtained from literature, the ecological and economic impact of these solvents were roughly identified with respect to n-hexane. As the solubility of analytes can influence the initial part of the extraction, relative solubility of triglycerides (of the major soybean fatty acids such as linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid) in the green solvents was theoretically predicted using a computer program. Also, the viscosities of the green solvents at different temperatures was investigated prior to the extraction study. Soybean, the most dominant oilseed in the market with rich protein and oil content, was used as the sample for the extraction study. As the initial analysis indicated that the lower size particles give greater oil recovery, soybean particles of average diameter 513 μm were chosen for the elaborate extraction evaluation. For a small-scale fast extraction of analytes from solid and semisolid samples, accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) is a powerful and sophisticated device. This fully automated extraction system uses very little solvent at elevated temperature and pressure and is able to run several queued experiments at programmed conditions. To rely on the results from ASE of soybean oil using green solvents, the hot-ball model was used as a validating tool. The hot-ball model gives a theoretical extraction profile for an ideal spherical matrix that can be used to evaluate and validate any experimental extraction results. As diffusion plays a major role in the kinetics of extraction, comparing the diffusion coefficient of green solvents was the key approach. Upon assessing the… Advisors/Committee Members: Douglas E. Raynie.

Subjects/Keywords: Accelerated solvent extraction; Extraction; Green analytical chemistry; Green solvents; Soybean oil; Analytical Chemistry; Chemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dharmarajan, S. (2019). Evaluating Green Solvents and Techniques in Extraction Methods. (Doctoral Dissertation). South Dakota State University. Retrieved from https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/3658

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dharmarajan, Shanmugapriya. “Evaluating Green Solvents and Techniques in Extraction Methods.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, South Dakota State University. Accessed March 03, 2021. https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/3658.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dharmarajan, Shanmugapriya. “Evaluating Green Solvents and Techniques in Extraction Methods.” 2019. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Dharmarajan S. Evaluating Green Solvents and Techniques in Extraction Methods. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. South Dakota State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/3658.

Council of Science Editors:

Dharmarajan S. Evaluating Green Solvents and Techniques in Extraction Methods. [Doctoral Dissertation]. South Dakota State University; 2019. Available from: https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/3658

University of Oxford

14. Kwok, Wing Lam Joyce. Synthesis and characterisation of mineral-derived and hybrid layered double hydroxides.

Degree: PhD, 2020, University of Oxford

URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:80b448a1-82dc-4e6c-8ac5-3475d79728d6 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.820738

► This thesis discusses the development of atom efficient and scalable synthesis methods for the synthesis of industrially relevant layered double hydroxides (LDHs) using a green… (more)

▼ This thesis discusses the development of atom efficient and scalable synthesis methods for the synthesis of industrially relevant layered double hydroxides (LDHs) using a green source of magnesium derived from a waste mineral. LDHs are introduced in Chapter 1 as compositionally flexible and versatile anionic clays. The structure of LDHs confers unique and interesting properties to these inorganic compounds and as such, LDHs have found application in a wide range of applications including environmental remediation and drug delivery. Naturally occurring LDHs are low in abundance but synthetic LDHs are facile to prepare and a variety of methods are available. The growing global demand for energy and resources calls for changes in the supply chain, so there is increasing interest in technologies and methods that are more environmentally friendly. The analytical techniques and synthetic methods used are detailed in Chapter 2 ahead of the results and discussions in subsequent chapters. In Chapter 3, the mineral struvite, MgNH₄PO₄.6H₂O, is investigated as an alternative starting material for magnesium based LDHs. Struvite was acquired from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and compared with a synthetic struvite. To transform this underutilised resource into commercially relevant LDHs, the effect of temperature, pH and time were investigated. The properties and morphologies of the LDHs synthesised from struvite have been characterised in detail by a number of techniques including surface area analyses and electron microscopies. [email protected] hybrid materials are investigated in Chapter 4. The effects of stirring speed and metal solution addition rate were systematically investigated and optimised. Strategies for core-shell synthesis using commercial silicas have also been developed to prepare high surface area [email protected] hybrid materials that have been used as catalyst supports for ethylene polymerisation. In Chapter 5, the thermal properties of the mineral-derived and hybrid LDH materials are studied to probe their suitability for carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture. The LDHs were calcined to obtain the mixed oxide form of LDHs, layered double oxides (LDOs), and the properties of these calcined materials at different temperatures were studied. Selected LDOs were tested in CO₂ adsorption experiments and their performance has been compared to that of LDOs from commercial and conventional LDHs. Lastly, the findings of the works in this thesis are summarised in Chapter 6 and avenues for future investigations are also proposed. Supplementary information and data mentioned in the main thesis are included in the Appendices.

Subjects/Keywords: Solid state chemistry; Chemistry; Inorganic chemistry; Green chemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kwok, W. L. J. (2020). Synthesis and characterisation of mineral-derived and hybrid layered double hydroxides. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:80b448a1-82dc-4e6c-8ac5-3475d79728d6 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.820738

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kwok, Wing Lam Joyce. “Synthesis and characterisation of mineral-derived and hybrid layered double hydroxides.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:80b448a1-82dc-4e6c-8ac5-3475d79728d6 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.820738.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kwok, Wing Lam Joyce. “Synthesis and characterisation of mineral-derived and hybrid layered double hydroxides.” 2020. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kwok WLJ. Synthesis and characterisation of mineral-derived and hybrid layered double hydroxides. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:80b448a1-82dc-4e6c-8ac5-3475d79728d6 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.820738.

Council of Science Editors:

Kwok WLJ. Synthesis and characterisation of mineral-derived and hybrid layered double hydroxides. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2020. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:80b448a1-82dc-4e6c-8ac5-3475d79728d6 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.820738

Texas A&M University

15. Liang, Yannan. Phase-Selectively Soluble Polyisobutylene (PIB)-Bound Catalysts and Their Applications in Green Synthetic Processes.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2016, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/187375

► The use of soluble polymer-supported catalysts in homogeneous catalysis has received heightened attention in the past few decades. Previous studies have shown that PIB oligomers… (more)

▼ The use of soluble polymer-supported catalysts in homogeneous catalysis has received heightened attention in the past few decades. Previous studies have shown that PIB oligomers have an excellent phase-selective solubility in nonpolar solvents, this property enables facile catalyst/product separation after reactions. This dissertation describes the study of using PIB as a tool in recovery and reuse of the photoredox catalysts and in the development of novel synthetic methods. Heptane-soluble PIB-bound Ru(II)-bipyridine complexes [Ru(PIB-bpy)3Cl2] were prepared and used as photoredox catalysts in reactions including polymerization, oxidative C-C bond cleavage, and [2 + 2] cycloaddition. The results show that the catalyst can be successfully recovered and reused with leaching levels of ca. 1% of the charged catalyst. In addition, the synthesis of a recyclable PIB-bound 10- phenylphenothiazine (PIB-BTH) organic photoredox catalyst is described. This catalyst can efficiently carry out light-mediated radical polymerizations of methacrylates and can be separated from the polymer product via a simple separation process and reused with no significant loss of catalytic activity. Cyclopropanation and O-H insertion reactions were carried out using a PIBbound Rh(II) complex. The results show that the phase-selective solubility of the PIBbound Rh(II) catalyst in a biphasic heptane/acetonitrile mixture can be used not only to recycle the catalyst but also to suppress the side reactions without the use of conventional slow addition method. These studies also suggest that hydrocarbon polymer cosolvents can function as antileaching agents that decrease the leaching of a polymer-bound catalyst into the polar phase of a biphasic system. Taking the advantage of PIB’s excellent phase-selective solubility, the strategy of carrying out homogeneous catalysis using a continuous-flow reactor has been developed. The PIB-bound transition-metal catalysts can be constantly reused in this process Advisors/Committee Members: Bergbreiter, David E (advisor), Singleton, Daniel A (committee member), Wooley, Karen L (committee member), Cheng, Zhengdong (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: organic synthesis; catalysis; green chemistry; polymer

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APA (6^th Edition):

Liang, Y. (2016). Phase-Selectively Soluble Polyisobutylene (PIB)-Bound Catalysts and Their Applications in Green Synthetic Processes. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/187375

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Liang, Yannan. “Phase-Selectively Soluble Polyisobutylene (PIB)-Bound Catalysts and Their Applications in Green Synthetic Processes.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/187375.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Liang, Yannan. “Phase-Selectively Soluble Polyisobutylene (PIB)-Bound Catalysts and Their Applications in Green Synthetic Processes.” 2016. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Liang Y. Phase-Selectively Soluble Polyisobutylene (PIB)-Bound Catalysts and Their Applications in Green Synthetic Processes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/187375.

Council of Science Editors:

Liang Y. Phase-Selectively Soluble Polyisobutylene (PIB)-Bound Catalysts and Their Applications in Green Synthetic Processes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/187375

Texas A&M University

16. Suriboot, Jakkrit. The Use of Soluble Polyolefin Oligomers as Tools in Homogeneous Catalysis.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2016, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156851

► Soluble polyolefins such as polyethylene (PEOlig) and polyisobutylene (PIB) are useful tools in catalysis. This dissertation describes several examples that these polyolefins were used to… (more)

▼ Soluble polyolefins such as polyethylene (PEOlig) and polyisobutylene (PIB) are useful tools in catalysis. This dissertation describes several examples that these polyolefins were used to facilitate homogeneous catalysis reactions. This include the use of PEOlig as protective encapsulating agent toward acid-promoted demetalation of metal-salen complexes, the use of PEOlig as a cosolvent and catalyst support in ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), the use of PIB as a post-reaction Ru removal tool in olefin metathesis, and the use of PIB as a support for a pyridine ligand on Ru(II) catalyst for ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The stability of polyethylene oligomer (PEOlig)-entrapped salen-metal complexes toward acidolysis was tested by suspending these species in acidic methanol for 24 h at 25°C. The lack of metal leaching due to acid-promoted demetalation was determined using both colorimetric and ICP-MS analyses. These results were in contrast to the reported behavior of low molecular weight salen metal complexes and to results seen with a salen complex bound to divinylbenzene (DVB) crosslinked polystyrene that demetalates under acidic conditions at room temperature. Polyethylene oligomers (PEOlig) were also used as a cosolvent and soluble catalyst support in ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) reactions. As a catalyst support, this polyolefin serves as an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand for a ROMP catalyst, making it soluble at 70°C and insoluble at room temperature. As a cosolvent, unfunctionalized PE oligomers facilitate quantitative separation of PEOlig-bound Ru- catalyst residues from polymer products resulting in ROMP products with Ru contamination lower than other procedures that use soluble catalysts. Polyisobutylene (PIB) -terminated isocyanide was prepared in two steps under mild condition with high yield. Using this reagent, the RCM product of N,N-diallyl-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide could be prepared with ruthenium content as low as 44 ppm without involving purification with silica gel. However, this protocol was unsuccessful in sequestering Ru species from ROMP reaction due to an insufficient reactivity of PIB-terminated isocyanide. At the end, this dissertation details the use of PIB as a support for a pyridine ligand on Grubbs third generation catalyst for ROMP reactions. Using the Grubbs third generation catalyst ligated by PIB-bound pyridines does not affect the reactivity of these catalysts in ROMP chemistry. However, the Ru complexes that employ PIB-bound pyridines can prepare polymer products with significantly lower Ru contamination than those prepared with Ru complex with low molecular weight pyridines. Further increasing the non-polar character of Ru catalyst can reduce Ru leaching by ca. 60%. Advisors/Committee Members: Bergbreiter, David E (advisor), Singleton, Daniel A (committee member), Wooley, Karen L (committee member), Grunlan, Melissa A (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Green Chemistry; Organic; Polymer; Catalysis; Recyclable/Recoverable

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APA (6^th Edition):

Suriboot, J. (2016). The Use of Soluble Polyolefin Oligomers as Tools in Homogeneous Catalysis. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156851

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Suriboot, Jakkrit. “The Use of Soluble Polyolefin Oligomers as Tools in Homogeneous Catalysis.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156851.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Suriboot, Jakkrit. “The Use of Soluble Polyolefin Oligomers as Tools in Homogeneous Catalysis.” 2016. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Suriboot J. The Use of Soluble Polyolefin Oligomers as Tools in Homogeneous Catalysis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156851.

Council of Science Editors:

Suriboot J. The Use of Soluble Polyolefin Oligomers as Tools in Homogeneous Catalysis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156851

Freie Universität Berlin

17. Mikolajczak, Dorian Jamal. Peptide-gold nanozymes as catalysts for green chemistry applications ranging from cascade catalysis to carbon capture.

Degree: 2020, Freie Universität Berlin

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-27361

► Protecting the environment and remediating it from the consequences of anthropogenic activities has become an important challenge in today’s world. Advancements in the field of… (more)

▼ Protecting the environment and remediating it from the consequences of anthropogenic activities has become an important challenge in today’s world. Advancements in the field of catalysis, as an integral part of sustainable and green chemistry, play a major role in the development of new environmentally benign technologies to achieve this. In this regard, the field of nanotechnology opened up new possibilities for the design and synthesis of robust enzyme mimics (nanozymes) that fulfill the criteria of a green catalyst. In particular, gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) functionalized with catalytically active peptides (Pep-Au-NPs) have proven to be a promising strategy towards the creation of artificial enzymes with remarkable properties in molecular recognition and catalysis. However, the field is still in its infancy. To extent the contemporary insights into the field of Pep-Au-NPs and establish first design rules, one part of the research conducted in this thesis deals with the systematic study of design principles of Pep-Au-NPs. More specifically, research was focused to systematically elucidate the effect the position of the catalytic center along the peptide sequence has on the catalytic properties of the corresponding Pep-Au-NP assemblies. A correlation was found between the hydrophobic nature of the employed substrate and the region in which catalysis takes place within the generated peptide-monolayer. The other two studies included in this work were directed to broaden the application scope of these conjugates. First, Pep-Au-NP were studied in their ability to act as a multifunctional cascade catalyst that performs two sequential reactions on a given substrate. By utilizing the hybridity of the system, a peptide-monolayer was established that catalyzed ester hydrolysis, while the Au-NP surface functioned as an efficient hydrogenation catalyst. The reaction was performed as a one-pot reaction in aqueous solution. Second, a Pep-Au-NP was designed to function as an artificial carbonic anhydrase (CA) mimic for the conversion of CO2 to HCO3- in water. The artificial CA was able to catalyze CO2-hydration and showed superior catalytic activity over the unconjugated peptide variant. Recycling of the Pep-Au-NP was possible without significant loss in activity even after treatment at elevated temperatures. The results of this work, on the one hand, contribute to the rational design and synthesis of Pep-Au-NPs as artificial nano-enzymes; on the other hand, provide proof-of-concepts that Pep-Au-NPs are able to perform reactions applied in environmental-friendly processes. Advisors/Committee Members: male (gender), Koksch, Beate (firstReferee), Haag, Rainer (furtherReferee).

Subjects/Keywords: Peptid-Goldnanoparticles; Catalysis; Green chemistry; ddc:547

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mikolajczak, D. J. (2020). Peptide-gold nanozymes as catalysts for green chemistry applications ranging from cascade catalysis to carbon capture. (Thesis). Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-27361

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mikolajczak, Dorian Jamal. “Peptide-gold nanozymes as catalysts for green chemistry applications ranging from cascade catalysis to carbon capture.” 2020. Thesis, Freie Universität Berlin. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-27361.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mikolajczak, Dorian Jamal. “Peptide-gold nanozymes as catalysts for green chemistry applications ranging from cascade catalysis to carbon capture.” 2020. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Mikolajczak DJ. Peptide-gold nanozymes as catalysts for green chemistry applications ranging from cascade catalysis to carbon capture. [Internet] [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-27361.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Mikolajczak DJ. Peptide-gold nanozymes as catalysts for green chemistry applications ranging from cascade catalysis to carbon capture. [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2020. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-27361

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Northeastern University

18. Liu, Yang. In Situ-based Green Synthesis Of Selenium And Tellurium Nanoparticles As Biomedical Agents.

Degree: PhD, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2019, Northeastern University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20317877

► Antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics and cancer are two of the main concerns that the healthcare system is facing nowadays. Nanotechnology, understood as the science of… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Biomedical application; Green chemistry; Nanotechnology; Nanotechnology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Liu, Y. (2019). In Situ-based Green Synthesis Of Selenium And Tellurium Nanoparticles As Biomedical Agents. (Doctoral Dissertation). Northeastern University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20317877

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Liu, Yang. “In Situ-based Green Synthesis Of Selenium And Tellurium Nanoparticles As Biomedical Agents.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Northeastern University. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20317877.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Liu, Yang. “In Situ-based Green Synthesis Of Selenium And Tellurium Nanoparticles As Biomedical Agents.” 2019. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Liu Y. In Situ-based Green Synthesis Of Selenium And Tellurium Nanoparticles As Biomedical Agents. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Northeastern University; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20317877.

Council of Science Editors:

Liu Y. In Situ-based Green Synthesis Of Selenium And Tellurium Nanoparticles As Biomedical Agents. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Northeastern University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20317877

Cape Peninsula University of Technology

19. Bhagyaraj, Sneha. Green synthesis, characterization and applications of cdse based core-shell quantum dots and silver nanocomposites .

Degree: 2015, Cape Peninsula University of Technology

URL: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/2318

► Researchers around the world are now focusing on inculcating green chemistry principles in all level of research especially in nanotechnology to make these processes environmental… (more)

▼ Researchers around the world are now focusing on inculcating green chemistry principles in all level of research especially in nanotechnology to make these processes environmental friendly. Nanoparticles synthesized using green chemistry principles has several advantages such as simplicity, cost effectiveness, compatibility for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications and large scale production for commercial purpose. Based on this background, this thesis present the design, synthesis, characterization and applications of various CdSe based core-shell and core-multi shell quantum dots (QDs), quantum dots-polymer nanocomposites, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and silver nanocomposites via completely green methods. Various QDs like CdSe/CdS/ZnS and CdSe/ZnS, and there polymer nanocomposites were successfully synthesized and characterized. The high quality of the as-synthesized nanoparticles was confirmed using absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution TEM (HRTEM). Detailed optical and morphological characterization showed that the CdSe/CdS/ZnS core-multi shell QDs were small, monodispersed with high fluorescent intensity and narrow emission width. The CdSe/CdS/ZnS core multi-shell QDs were dispersed in epoxy polymer matrix to obtain fluorescent epoxy nanocomposite. The brillouin spectroscopy analysis revealed that the presence of QDs inside polymer composite reduces the acoustic frequency of the polymer. Highly fluorescent CdSe/ZnS core-shell QDs was also synthesized and dispersed in PMMA polymer matrix to prepare bright yellow emitting nanocomposite film. The as-synthesized QDs also undergone surface exchange to convert the organically soluble nanomaterial to water soluble. After the ligand exchange, the morphology and above all the fluorescence property of the quantum dots remained intact. In another approach, HDA-capped CdSe nanoparticles were synthesized in the absence of an inert gas followed by dispersion in polymer polycaprolactone to produce orange light emitting electrospun polymer nanocomposite nanofibre. Advisors/Committee Members: Oluwafemi, Oluwatobi Samuel (advisor), Thomas, Sabu (advisor), Kalarikkal, Nandakumar (advisor), Oluwafemi, Oluwatobi Samuel (advisor), Thomas, Sabu (advisor), Kalarikkal, Nandakumar (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Quantum dots; Nanostructured materials; Nanotechnology; Green chemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bhagyaraj, S. (2015). Green synthesis, characterization and applications of cdse based core-shell quantum dots and silver nanocomposites . (Thesis). Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Retrieved from http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/2318

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bhagyaraj, Sneha. “Green synthesis, characterization and applications of cdse based core-shell quantum dots and silver nanocomposites .” 2015. Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/2318.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bhagyaraj, Sneha. “Green synthesis, characterization and applications of cdse based core-shell quantum dots and silver nanocomposites .” 2015. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Bhagyaraj S. Green synthesis, characterization and applications of cdse based core-shell quantum dots and silver nanocomposites . [Internet] [Thesis]. Cape Peninsula University of Technology; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/2318.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Bhagyaraj S. Green synthesis, characterization and applications of cdse based core-shell quantum dots and silver nanocomposites . [Thesis]. Cape Peninsula University of Technology; 2015. Available from: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/2318

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Oregon

20. Fulton, Brantly. Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoscale Clusters and How Their Fundamental Coordination Geometries Affect Solution Speciation and Thin Film Properties.

Degree: PhD, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2019, University of Oregon

URL: https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/24831

► The objective of this thesis research is to understand how fundamental coordination geometry of aqueous nanoscale inorganic clusters effects solution speciation. While past research has… (more)

▼ The objective of this thesis research is to understand how fundamental coordination geometry of aqueous nanoscale inorganic clusters effects solution speciation. While past research has developed a substantial understanding of inorganic nanoscale clusters in the solid state less is understood about their dynamic solution phase behavior. This research is designed to make a deliberate approach toward a better understanding of aluminum, scandium, and gallium cluster formation through a mineral dissolution approach while using both solution and solid-state characterization techniques. Many of these unique clusters formed by this process serve as solution precursors for solution processed metal oxide thin films. Taking advantage of a facile, high yield, scalable mineral dissolution process will allow for robust characterization of metal oxide thin films in the solid state. The mineral dissolution approach applied herein offers new insight into how coordination geometry of clusters in the solution state is not only affected by concentration and pH but also how manipulation of these cluster types determines the electronic properties of their resultant metal oxide thin films by an aqueous solution process. The outcomes of this research will help bridge the gap between the inorganic chemistry and geochemistry communities by keenly identifying species that are pertinent to both subfields. Additionally, the usage of these clusters as solution precursors for device fabrication will help merge the inorganic solution and solid-state communities. While the mineral dissolution approach applied here will mostly relate to aluminum and scandium cluster systems it can more broadly be applied across the periodic table and will serve as a platform for better understanding of more complex metal systems while still allowing for the fabrication of aqueous based metal oxide materials towards the design of applications that will affect both our modern and future world. Advisors/Committee Members: Johnson, Darren (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Green Materials Chemistry; Nanomaterials; Nanoscale Clusters

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fulton, B. (2019). Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoscale Clusters and How Their Fundamental Coordination Geometries Affect Solution Speciation and Thin Film Properties. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oregon. Retrieved from https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/24831

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fulton, Brantly. “Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoscale Clusters and How Their Fundamental Coordination Geometries Affect Solution Speciation and Thin Film Properties.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oregon. Accessed March 03, 2021. https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/24831.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fulton, Brantly. “Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoscale Clusters and How Their Fundamental Coordination Geometries Affect Solution Speciation and Thin Film Properties.” 2019. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Fulton B. Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoscale Clusters and How Their Fundamental Coordination Geometries Affect Solution Speciation and Thin Film Properties. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oregon; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/24831.

Council of Science Editors:

Fulton B. Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoscale Clusters and How Their Fundamental Coordination Geometries Affect Solution Speciation and Thin Film Properties. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oregon; 2019. Available from: https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/24831

University of St. Andrews

21. Armstrong, Kenneth Mark. Catalytic synthesis of organophosphate plastics additives from white phosphorus .

Degree: 2011, University of St. Andrews

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2587

► Triaryl phosphates were synthesized from white phosphorus and phenols in aerobic conditions and in the presence of iron catalysts and iodine. Full conversion to phosphates… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Green chemistry; Catalysis; White phosphorus; Phosphates

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APA (6^th Edition):

Armstrong, K. M. (2011). Catalytic synthesis of organophosphate plastics additives from white phosphorus . (Thesis). University of St. Andrews. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2587

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Armstrong, Kenneth Mark. “Catalytic synthesis of organophosphate plastics additives from white phosphorus .” 2011. Thesis, University of St. Andrews. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2587.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Armstrong, Kenneth Mark. “Catalytic synthesis of organophosphate plastics additives from white phosphorus .” 2011. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Armstrong KM. Catalytic synthesis of organophosphate plastics additives from white phosphorus . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of St. Andrews; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2587.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Armstrong KM. Catalytic synthesis of organophosphate plastics additives from white phosphorus . [Thesis]. University of St. Andrews; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2587

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of St. Andrews

22. Noonan, Gary M. Asymmetric hydroformylation : a powerful tool for the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates .

Degree: 2011, University of St. Andrews

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3105

► The hydroformylation of unfunctionalised olefins (such as prop-1-ene and oct-1-ene) is an extremely valuable process and is practised on a massive scale industrially in the… (more)

▼ The hydroformylation of unfunctionalised olefins (such as prop-1-ene and oct-1-ene) is an extremely valuable process and is practised on a massive scale industrially in the synthesis of commodity chemicals. In fact, it represents the worlds largest scale application of homogeneous catalysis. As a result, the majority of research carried out on this reaction has been in the study of catalytic systems which provide high rates and selectivity for the production of linear aldehydes from terminal unfunctionalised olefins, with the products finding use in the production of plasticizers and detergents. Asymmetric hydroformylation, the enantioselective variant of this reaction is extremely attractive, as low cost or easily accessible olefins are transformed into highly versatile value-added enantioenriched aldehydes in a single step. However synthetic organic chemists interested in the synthesis of fine chemicals, both in academia and industry, have been slow to adopt this attractive protocol for the production of chiral aldehydes. This is mainly due to the fact that in the past catalysts for this reaction exhibited low activity and/or selectivity in this process. However, the last two decades have seen major advances, mainly in the development of highly effective chiral ligands, and with these developments the time has come to tackle the vastly under-explored area of asymmetric hydroformylation of more functionalised olefins. To set the scene for the research carried out during this project a brief introduction will be given which highlights the historical development of highly efficient catalysts for the hydroformylation of olefins. This will be accompanied by some examples of the use of this methodology in the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant compounds. It should become apparent from the introduction that the asymmetric hydroformylation of functionalised olefins and in particular nitrogen containing olefins, has received very little attention despite the fact that over half of all medicinal compounds contain at least one nitrogen containing functional group. Firstly we describe hydroformylation as a useful alternative to the classical synthesis of a delicate chiral building block, namely α-formyl amides. These compounds, traditionally only available through multi-step synthetic procedures from enantiopure starting materials, have been accessed by asymmetric hydroformylation of readily accessible and in some cases commercially available acrylamides. By judicious choice of reaction conditions and selection of the appropriately active chiral ligand enantioenriched α-formyl amides (e.e. up to 82%) were produced in high yield. A comparison is made between the classical route and the hydroformylation route to illustrate the potential of this efficient transformation. We have studied the hydroformylation of enamides, a much under-studied substrate class in hydroformylation and developed knowledge of how some more functionalised 1,1- and 1-2-subtituted olefinic amides react under… Advisors/Committee Members: Clarke, Matt (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Catalysis; Asymmetric hydroformylation; Asymmetric synthesis; Green chemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Noonan, G. M. (2011). Asymmetric hydroformylation : a powerful tool for the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates . (Thesis). University of St. Andrews. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3105

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Noonan, Gary M. “Asymmetric hydroformylation : a powerful tool for the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates .” 2011. Thesis, University of St. Andrews. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3105.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Noonan, Gary M. “Asymmetric hydroformylation : a powerful tool for the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates .” 2011. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Noonan GM. Asymmetric hydroformylation : a powerful tool for the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of St. Andrews; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3105.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Noonan GM. Asymmetric hydroformylation : a powerful tool for the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates . [Thesis]. University of St. Andrews; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3105

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

23. Kim, Martin H. Incorporation of charged polysaccharide binders to improve capacitive deionization performance.

Degree: MS, Environ Engr in Civil Engr, 2016, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/95624

► Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a desalination technology which has been subject to a proliferation in research in recent years for its potential to be more… (more)

▼ Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a desalination technology which has been subject to a proliferation in research in recent years for its potential to be more energy efficient than reverse osmosis for the treatment of brackish water. One efficiency-limiting phenomenon is the repulsion of co-ions, which can be mitigated via ion selectivity through the addition of fixed charge in the form of ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) or surface-modified electrodes. In this work, we introduce a novel method of fixed charge addition through a composite electrode binder. Two biodegradable ionic polysaccharides, chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), are examined for their potential to improve CDI charge efficiency as anodic and cathodic binders, respectively. The amine groups of chitosan (pKa ~6.3) and carboxylic acid groups of CMC (pKa ~3) can be simultaneously protonated and deprotonated, respectively, under a range of pH values, providing the fixed charge needed for ion selectivity. When employing chitosan and CMC in their appropriate electrodes, specific salt adsorption and charge efficiency reached peak values of 14.09 mg/g and 91%, respectively, compared to 5.13 mg/g and 31% for the commonly employed polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder. As a point of comparison, surface-modified carbon was synthesized to shift electrode potential of zero charge and enhance charge efficiency while using PVDF binders. The modified carbon system achieved 16.21 mg/g of salt removal at a charge efficiency of 87%, indicating the incorporation of charged binders in CDI can be a viable method for performance improvement. Since the binder charge density is pH sensitive, performance was monitored from pHs 5-9. As chitosan amine groups became deprotonated with rising pH, the chitosan-CMC system displayed declining performance as expected. The modified carbon system, on the other hand, showed relatively maintained performance across the pH range tested, demonstrating the need for an anode polyelectrolyte binder with a higher pKa than chitosan for the system to compete with modified carbon at higher pH. Advisors/Committee Members: Cusick, Roland (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Capacitive; Deionization; Desalination; Water; Environmental; Green; Chemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kim, M. H. (2016). Incorporation of charged polysaccharide binders to improve capacitive deionization performance. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/95624

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kim, Martin H. “Incorporation of charged polysaccharide binders to improve capacitive deionization performance.” 2016. Thesis, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/95624.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kim, Martin H. “Incorporation of charged polysaccharide binders to improve capacitive deionization performance.” 2016. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kim MH. Incorporation of charged polysaccharide binders to improve capacitive deionization performance. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/95624.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kim MH. Incorporation of charged polysaccharide binders to improve capacitive deionization performance. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/95624

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Minnesota

24. Miranda, Maria. Polymerization Kinetics of Cyclic Esters by Metal Alkoxide Complexes and Catalytic Decarbonylation of Bio-Derived Carboxylic Acids to Commodity Alkenes.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2014, University of Minnesota

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/181783

► Plastic materials are an integral part of modern life; however, nearly every plastic, or polymer, is derived from petroleum resources, which are non-sustainable, non-degradable, and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: catalyst; green chemistry; kinetics; polymer; renewable

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APA (6^th Edition):

Miranda, M. (2014). Polymerization Kinetics of Cyclic Esters by Metal Alkoxide Complexes and Catalytic Decarbonylation of Bio-Derived Carboxylic Acids to Commodity Alkenes. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/181783

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Miranda, Maria. “Polymerization Kinetics of Cyclic Esters by Metal Alkoxide Complexes and Catalytic Decarbonylation of Bio-Derived Carboxylic Acids to Commodity Alkenes.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Minnesota. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11299/181783.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Miranda, Maria. “Polymerization Kinetics of Cyclic Esters by Metal Alkoxide Complexes and Catalytic Decarbonylation of Bio-Derived Carboxylic Acids to Commodity Alkenes.” 2014. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Miranda M. Polymerization Kinetics of Cyclic Esters by Metal Alkoxide Complexes and Catalytic Decarbonylation of Bio-Derived Carboxylic Acids to Commodity Alkenes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/181783.

Council of Science Editors:

Miranda M. Polymerization Kinetics of Cyclic Esters by Metal Alkoxide Complexes and Catalytic Decarbonylation of Bio-Derived Carboxylic Acids to Commodity Alkenes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/181783

Clemson University

25. Mohammed, Fiaz. Application of Carbon Dioxide Towards the Development of Smart Materials, Green Reaction Schemes and Metallic Nanoparticle Synthesis.

Degree: PhD, Chemical Engineering, 2012, Clemson University

URL: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1070

► Global carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions have steadily risen over the last 50 years, with 34 billion tons of CO₂ released in 2009 alone. Its potential… (more)

▼ Global carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions have steadily risen over the last 50 years, with 34 billion tons of CO₂ released in 2009 alone. Its potential as a greenhouse gas has negatively affected of our lives and environment by the resulting ocean acidification and climate change. To mitigate atmospheric CO₂, various strategies have been implemented for CO₂ separation, capture, storage and use as a chemical feedstock. The use of CO₂ in various chemical industries is attractive as its non-flammable, non-toxic, and relatively inert properties have made it an inherently safer alternative to traditional organic solvents, as well as, a greener carbon feedstock. Also, the accessible critical properties, appreciable critical density, high diffusivity and tunable thermophysical properties make liquid and supercritical CO₂ an attractive solvent for industrial applications. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the field of tunable solvent media by employing the reversible reaction of CO₂ with amines to produce carbamates. This class of compounds possesses ionic properties that are significantly different from their amines resulting in a non-ionic to ionic switching mechanism that provides for switchable solvent properties, reversible surfactants, low molecular weight organogelators and stimuli responsive materials. The focus of this dissertation is therefore the implementation of the reversible CO₂ - amine reaction for the formation of smart surfaces, greener amine protection mechanisms, and cationic metallic nanoparticle synthesis. Chapter 2 of this dissertation demonstrates the reversible reaction of CO₂ with amine-containing self-assembled monolayers to yield 'smart' surfaces that undergo a reversible change in structure, charge, and wettability upon reaction with CO₂. The formation carbamate esters are also a widely implemented mechanism for amine protection during organic synthesis. However, traditional methods of protection incur increased solvent use and energy consumption due to a separate deprotection reaction. To solve this dilemma, the reversible protection of amines using CO₂ induced carbamates was demonstrated in chapter 3; by reducing n-alkyl benzophenone imine and n-phenyl, nalkylurea yields by up to 67% compared to non-protected amines. The applicability of this chemistry to these classes of nucleophilic substitution reactions and has significant potential to alter the way we approach amine protection in organic synthesis. Another research area that has grown popularity over the last decade is the development of metallic nanoparticles, specifically gold nanoparticles (GNPs), due to their size and shape dependent optical and catalytic properties. Chapter 4 of this dissertation demonstrates the successful application of polyethylene imine (PEI) in the synthesis of cationic GNPs, which are of significant interest for biomedical applications. In this work, we… Advisors/Committee Members: Kitchens, Christopher L, Bruce , David, Hirt , Douglas, Mefford , Thompson.

Subjects/Keywords: Carbamates; Gold Nanoparticles; Green Chemistry; Chemical Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mohammed, F. (2012). Application of Carbon Dioxide Towards the Development of Smart Materials, Green Reaction Schemes and Metallic Nanoparticle Synthesis. (Doctoral Dissertation). Clemson University. Retrieved from https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1070

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mohammed, Fiaz. “Application of Carbon Dioxide Towards the Development of Smart Materials, Green Reaction Schemes and Metallic Nanoparticle Synthesis.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Clemson University. Accessed March 03, 2021. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1070.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mohammed, Fiaz. “Application of Carbon Dioxide Towards the Development of Smart Materials, Green Reaction Schemes and Metallic Nanoparticle Synthesis.” 2012. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Mohammed F. Application of Carbon Dioxide Towards the Development of Smart Materials, Green Reaction Schemes and Metallic Nanoparticle Synthesis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Clemson University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1070.

Council of Science Editors:

Mohammed F. Application of Carbon Dioxide Towards the Development of Smart Materials, Green Reaction Schemes and Metallic Nanoparticle Synthesis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Clemson University; 2012. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1070

University of Sydney

26. Player, Lisa. Ionic Liquids as Functional Components- From Catalysts to Electrochemistry .

Degree: 2018, University of Sydney

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20093

► Ionic liquids (ILs) have been an area of rapid growth over the past decade, predominately due to their tailorable properties. Structurally, ILs are a complex… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: ionic liquids; desulfurisation; denitrogenation; electrochemistry; green chemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Player, L. (2018). Ionic Liquids as Functional Components- From Catalysts to Electrochemistry . (Thesis). University of Sydney. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20093

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Player, Lisa. “Ionic Liquids as Functional Components- From Catalysts to Electrochemistry .” 2018. Thesis, University of Sydney. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20093.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Player, Lisa. “Ionic Liquids as Functional Components- From Catalysts to Electrochemistry .” 2018. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Player L. Ionic Liquids as Functional Components- From Catalysts to Electrochemistry . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Sydney; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20093.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Player L. Ionic Liquids as Functional Components- From Catalysts to Electrochemistry . [Thesis]. University of Sydney; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20093

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Toledo

27. Bhattarai, Badri, Bhattarai. Green Synthesis and Gold Alloying of Silver Molecular Nanoparticles.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2018, University of Toledo

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1533312041161417

► Noble metal nanoparticles have been extensively studied for use in applications in a diverse range of fields such as optoelectronics, catalysis, sensing, medicine, etc. due… (more)

▼ Noble metal nanoparticles have been extensively studied for use in applications in a diverse range of fields such as optoelectronics, catalysis, sensing, medicine, etc. due to their unique properties that arise as a result of their dimensions. Metal nanoparticles of size less than 3 nm exhibit molecular properties, unlike larger nanoparticles. These molecular nanoparticles are excellent model systems to study the chemistry of nanomaterials at the molecular level as their molecular formulae, crystal structure, chemical composition, electronic structures etc. can be experimentally measured and theoretically calculated. In addition, knowledge of their thermodynamic stability and mechanisms of formation can be leveraged in developing green synthetic routes in order to produce safer products that widen the range of applications, and to develop safer processes that increase manufacturability and decrease waste. Even though nanoparticle research is more focused on the end product and their properties, rather than the process, we have taken a different route of dismantling the M4Ag44(p-MBA)30 nanoparticle synthesis and developing a green route with significantly improved efficiency and an 89% yield. The need of solvent, which contributed to 98% of the waste, was kept to a minimum by using a stoichiometric silver-thiolate polymer as a precursor to intimately mix the metal atoms and ligands, and by forming a paste using a small amount of liquid to promote mass transport. The process mass intensity (PMI), a green metric defined by material input over product output, was decreased by almost 18-fold compared to the solution-phase synthesis. Some toxic chemicals were also removed or replaced throughout the process. This method is very effective for thermodynamically favorable products, and should be useful for other systems too. Alloying of metal nanoparticles is advantageous to achieve new properties. For example, gold-silver bimetallic NPs can be more stable than silver NPs and have better optical properties than gold NPs. Here we have studied the alloying process in M4AuxAg44-x(p-MBA)30 alloy nanoparticles, where 0 = x = 12, and M is a countercation. Two methods were used to synthesize M4AuxAg44-x(p-MBA)30 alloy nanoparticles: (i) co-reduction of gold-thiolate and silver-thiolate with alkali borohydride, and (ii) galvanic-exchange reaction between gold-thiolate and M4Ag44(p-MBA)30 nanoparticles in order to substitute silver with gold. The major findings were: (i) the number of gold atoms incorporated in the alloy was always less than the gold input, (ii) only up to twelve gold atoms were incorporated, (iii) gold prefers to stay at the innermost core energetically in alloy nanoparticles, as shown by the x-ray crystal structure of M4Au12Ag32(p-MBA)30 alloy nanoparticles, (iv) gold atom distributions were generally Gaussian, and (v) addition of gold in silver nanoparticles to create alloys increases the stability against oxidation. Advisors/Committee Members: Bigioni, Terry (Committee Chair).

Subjects/Keywords: Chemistry; Silver nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Bimetallic nanoparticles

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Bhattarai, Badri, B. (2018). Green Synthesis and Gold Alloying of Silver Molecular Nanoparticles. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Toledo. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1533312041161417

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bhattarai, Badri, Bhattarai. “Green Synthesis and Gold Alloying of Silver Molecular Nanoparticles.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Toledo. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1533312041161417.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bhattarai, Badri, Bhattarai. “Green Synthesis and Gold Alloying of Silver Molecular Nanoparticles.” 2018. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Bhattarai, Badri B. Green Synthesis and Gold Alloying of Silver Molecular Nanoparticles. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Toledo; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1533312041161417.

Council of Science Editors:

Bhattarai, Badri B. Green Synthesis and Gold Alloying of Silver Molecular Nanoparticles. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Toledo; 2018. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1533312041161417

University of Missouri – Columbia

28. Ravula, Sudhir. Sustainable chemical approaches to two-dimensional nanosheets and mesoporous platforms and catalysts.

Degree: 2017, University of Missouri – Columbia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10355/65478

► [ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Green Chemistry, also called as Sustainable Chemistry, envisions minimum hazard to improve the efficiency and… (more)

▼ [ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Green Chemistry, also called as Sustainable Chemistry, envisions minimum hazard to improve the efficiency and performance of materials while designing new chemical processes. In general, Green Chemistry is defined as " ... the utilization of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture, and application of chemical products."[1] In recent decades, there is widespread recognition of the need to adopt cleaner, sustainable practices to enhance the quality and control of commercial products through a knowledge based approach. The goal for the researchers in sustainable chemistry is to meet the objective without compromising the basic needs of future generations. Nanotechnology, much like Green Chemistry, has revolutionized the fundamentals of all fields, serving as a classic example for emerging products in science and technologies. Despite significant achievements involving nanomaterials, the hazardous chemicals and toxicities associated with them are not fully addressed, which causes a major impact on the environment. These phenomena were especially observed for the use of nanocatalysts. Several greener approaches were utilized to produce nanomaterials or nanoparticles, which avoids toxic reducing agents such as borohydrides or hydrazine. However, chemists need to develop simple and cost-effective approaches for sustainable nanocatalysts to meet global challenges. The overall focus of this doctoral dissertation has been paid to the synthesis, controlled surface modification, and functionalization of distinct types of nanoparticles and nanocomposites through sustainable chemical approaches for environmental and biological applications. As a two-dimensional material, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has drawn wide attention due to its fascinating properties and exciting application prospects. However, in order to access these properties, which lie within single- or few-layer nanosheets, the inter-sheet van der Waals interactions within the bulk material must be adequately disrupted to exfoliate MoS2 to atomic thicknesses. Chapter 2 present the sonication-assisted aqueous phase exfoliation of bulk MoS2 into dispersed single- or few-layer nanosheets using popular culinary hydrocolloids. In addition, the sterically stabilized nanosheets were successfully decorated with gold nanoparticles via an in-situ reduction by the hydrocolloids to yield plasmonic nanocomposites exhibiting excellent catalytic activity in 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction. Chapter 3 describes one-pot aqueous photo-assisted route to produce tailored metal nanoparticles decorated aminoclay nanosheets. This method uses no heating or external reducing agent (e.g., NaBH4) nor is photocatalyst required. Finally, these nanohybrids were tested as a dual catalyst for 4-NP reduction or antimicrobial activity. Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted increased attention due to their enhanced hydrogen… Advisors/Committee Members: Baker, Gary A. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Nanotechnology – Industrial application; Green chemistry; Sustainable development

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ravula, S. (2017). Sustainable chemical approaches to two-dimensional nanosheets and mesoporous platforms and catalysts. (Thesis). University of Missouri – Columbia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10355/65478

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ravula, Sudhir. “Sustainable chemical approaches to two-dimensional nanosheets and mesoporous platforms and catalysts.” 2017. Thesis, University of Missouri – Columbia. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/65478.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ravula, Sudhir. “Sustainable chemical approaches to two-dimensional nanosheets and mesoporous platforms and catalysts.” 2017. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Ravula S. Sustainable chemical approaches to two-dimensional nanosheets and mesoporous platforms and catalysts. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Missouri – Columbia; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10355/65478.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ravula S. Sustainable chemical approaches to two-dimensional nanosheets and mesoporous platforms and catalysts. [Thesis]. University of Missouri – Columbia; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10355/65478

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

29. YANG HUIYING. EXPLORATION OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTALLY BENEFICIAL APPROACH FOR WASTE SHELL FRACTIONATION.

Degree: 2018, National University of Singapore

URL: https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/147853

Subjects/Keywords: Biomass; Green chemistry

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

HUIYING, Y. (2018). EXPLORATION OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTALLY BENEFICIAL APPROACH FOR WASTE SHELL FRACTIONATION. (Thesis). National University of Singapore. Retrieved from https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/147853

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

HUIYING, YANG. “EXPLORATION OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTALLY BENEFICIAL APPROACH FOR WASTE SHELL FRACTIONATION.” 2018. Thesis, National University of Singapore. Accessed March 03, 2021. https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/147853.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

HUIYING, YANG. “EXPLORATION OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTALLY BENEFICIAL APPROACH FOR WASTE SHELL FRACTIONATION.” 2018. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

HUIYING Y. EXPLORATION OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTALLY BENEFICIAL APPROACH FOR WASTE SHELL FRACTIONATION. [Internet] [Thesis]. National University of Singapore; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/147853.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

HUIYING Y. EXPLORATION OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTALLY BENEFICIAL APPROACH FOR WASTE SHELL FRACTIONATION. [Thesis]. National University of Singapore; 2018. Available from: https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/147853

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cincinnati

30. Phung, Chau V. The Synthesis of Oxazolidinones from Aziridines and Carbon Dioxide.

Degree: PhD, Arts and Sciences: Chemistry, 2016, University of Cincinnati

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1470741529

► It has been discovered that ammonium iodide acts as an efficient catalyst to convert an N-alkylaziridine to an oxazolidinone(s). The catalytic ability of NH4I comes… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Chemistry; aziridine; oxazolidinone; green chemistry; carbon dioxide; computational chemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Phung, C. V. (2016). The Synthesis of Oxazolidinones from Aziridines and Carbon Dioxide. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Cincinnati. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1470741529

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Phung, Chau V. “The Synthesis of Oxazolidinones from Aziridines and Carbon Dioxide.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cincinnati. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1470741529.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Phung, Chau V. “The Synthesis of Oxazolidinones from Aziridines and Carbon Dioxide.” 2016. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Phung CV. The Synthesis of Oxazolidinones from Aziridines and Carbon Dioxide. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cincinnati; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1470741529.

Council of Science Editors:

Phung CV. The Synthesis of Oxazolidinones from Aziridines and Carbon Dioxide. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Cincinnati; 2016. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1470741529

Open Access Theses and Dissertations