subject:(gasoline engine)

University of Windsor

1. Kelly, Christopher John. Development and Testing of a Reconfigurable Gasoline Engine Control Module.

Degree: MA, Mechanical, Automotive, and Materials Engineering, 2012, University of Windsor

URL: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/5379

► A dynamometer laboratory may typically face the following issues on a daily basis: the lack/availability of a calibration, software limiters, hardware failure codes/modes, hardware/software… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Control; Development; Engine; Gasoline; Module; Testing

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kelly, C. J. (2012). Development and Testing of a Reconfigurable Gasoline Engine Control Module. (Masters Thesis). University of Windsor. Retrieved from https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/5379

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kelly, Christopher John. “Development and Testing of a Reconfigurable Gasoline Engine Control Module.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Windsor. Accessed March 03, 2021. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/5379.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kelly, Christopher John. “Development and Testing of a Reconfigurable Gasoline Engine Control Module.” 2012. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kelly CJ. Development and Testing of a Reconfigurable Gasoline Engine Control Module. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Windsor; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/5379.

Council of Science Editors:

Kelly CJ. Development and Testing of a Reconfigurable Gasoline Engine Control Module. [Masters Thesis]. University of Windsor; 2012. Available from: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/5379

Brno University of Technology

2. Kučera, Petr. Historický vývoj pístových spalovacích motorů: Historical development of piston internal combustion engines.

Degree: 2019, Brno University of Technology

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/7883

► This work aims to characterize the basic stages of development of piston combustion engines for use in vehicles. The first part contains familiar with the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Pístový spalovací motor; zážehový; vznětový motor; spalování; Piston internal combustion engine; gasoline; diesel engine; combustion

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kučera, P. (2019). Historický vývoj pístových spalovacích motorů: Historical development of piston internal combustion engines. (Thesis). Brno University of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11012/7883

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kučera, Petr. “Historický vývoj pístových spalovacích motorů: Historical development of piston internal combustion engines.” 2019. Thesis, Brno University of Technology. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11012/7883.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kučera, Petr. “Historický vývoj pístových spalovacích motorů: Historical development of piston internal combustion engines.” 2019. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kučera P. Historický vývoj pístových spalovacích motorů: Historical development of piston internal combustion engines. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/7883.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kučera P. Historický vývoj pístových spalovacích motorů: Historical development of piston internal combustion engines. [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/7883

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

NSYSU

3. Kuo, Yun-chi. Dynamometer studies of pollution reduction in a gasoline engine using hydrogen-gasoline mixed fuel under various driving conditions.

Degree: Master, Environmental Engineering, 2015, NSYSU

URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0606115-135407

► The emission tests in a dynamometer were conducted under the steady-state cycle condition with different vehicle speeds (Idling, 40 km/hr, 70 km/hr and 100 km/hr)… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Dynamometer Testing; Gasoline Engine; Hydrogen; Driving Cycle; Fuel Consumption

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kuo, Y. (2015). Dynamometer studies of pollution reduction in a gasoline engine using hydrogen-gasoline mixed fuel under various driving conditions. (Thesis). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0606115-135407

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kuo, Yun-chi. “Dynamometer studies of pollution reduction in a gasoline engine using hydrogen-gasoline mixed fuel under various driving conditions.” 2015. Thesis, NSYSU. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0606115-135407.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kuo, Yun-chi. “Dynamometer studies of pollution reduction in a gasoline engine using hydrogen-gasoline mixed fuel under various driving conditions.” 2015. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kuo Y. Dynamometer studies of pollution reduction in a gasoline engine using hydrogen-gasoline mixed fuel under various driving conditions. [Internet] [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0606115-135407.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kuo Y. Dynamometer studies of pollution reduction in a gasoline engine using hydrogen-gasoline mixed fuel under various driving conditions. [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2015. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0606115-135407

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Toronto

4. Singh, Abhikaran. Effect of the Seasonal Changes in Fuel Composition on Particulate Matter Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine.

Degree: 2018, University of Toronto

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/91752

►

The Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC) found that black carbons (BC) concentrations were significantly higher in summer than in winter, which could be… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Black Carbon; Gasoline Direct Injection Engine; organic Carbon; Particulate Emissions; 0540

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APA (6^th Edition):

Singh, A. (2018). Effect of the Seasonal Changes in Fuel Composition on Particulate Matter Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine. (Masters Thesis). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/91752

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Singh, Abhikaran. “Effect of the Seasonal Changes in Fuel Composition on Particulate Matter Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine.” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of Toronto. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/91752.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Singh, Abhikaran. “Effect of the Seasonal Changes in Fuel Composition on Particulate Matter Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine.” 2018. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Singh A. Effect of the Seasonal Changes in Fuel Composition on Particulate Matter Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Toronto; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/91752.

Council of Science Editors:

Singh A. Effect of the Seasonal Changes in Fuel Composition on Particulate Matter Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine. [Masters Thesis]. University of Toronto; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/91752

Loughborough University

5. Akma, Tengku N. Miller cycle combustion strategy for downsized gasoline engines.

Degree: PhD, 2017, Loughborough University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/32421

► In response to the global concerns towards oil scarcity and climate change, the automotive industry is currently focusing on improving fuel economy and reducing exhaust… (more)

▼ In response to the global concerns towards oil scarcity and climate change, the automotive industry is currently focusing on improving fuel economy and reducing exhaust emissions. Modern downsized gasoline engines that come with a package that includes a boosting system, variable valve train and direct fuel injection system is effective for fuel economy improvement and emission reduction. However, the knocking issue becomes severe at high load operations as a result of the high intake boosting pressure. In regard to the part load conditions, the gas exchange process requires extra work to draw in air into the cylinder due to a lower amount of pressure in the intake manifold caused by the restriction of the throttle plate. The Miller cycle is regarded as a potential strategy of knock control for downsized gasoline engines. Extensive works have sought to examine the performance improvement via the Miller cycle, yet only limited research has been conducted on the manner in which it can influence knock suppression. The focus of this thesis is to investigate early and late intake valve closing timings in terms of how they affect the compression process, the ability to suppress engine knock and meet the power output required at high loads for spark-ignited gasoline engines. Apart from that, this research also demonstrates the Miller cycle potential by utilising fully variable valve timing in controlling the load at the part load condition without using a throttle. The early intake valve closing with different valve lifts was tested in order to investigate the impact during the gas exchange process, particularly the pumping losses and the potential to improve fuel economy. This study includes both experimental and simulation studies. A Lotus single-cylinder research engine referred to as SCORE was mainly used for the experimental component of the study. The simulation work was conducted using a one-dimensional spark ignition engine model built in the Ricardo WAVE software for naturally-aspirated and downsized engines. The engine model values are validated against the experimental values from the Lotus SCORE and Lotus SABRE engines. The combustion model with a reduced kinetics mechanism was validated using a Rover K-series engine. A broad matrix of the engine operations has been investigated combining a variety of engine speeds and engine loads. The Miller cycle effects on knock suppression in a downsized engine environment have been investigated in three parts, namely the Miller cycle at different speed-load, knock suppression with extreme Miller cycle, and knock analysis with combustion kinetics. Through the works, the Miller cycle has demonstrated its capability to suppress engine knocking in a more efficient manner as opposed to the standard engine operation. This is contributed by the fact that early and late intake valve closings could affect the end gas condition at the end of the compression stroke, thus making it possible to suppress the engine knocking. The experimental study for controlling load without using…

Subjects/Keywords: 629.25; Miller cycle; Downsized gasoline engine; Knock suppression; Load control

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APA (6^th Edition):

Akma, T. N. (2017). Miller cycle combustion strategy for downsized gasoline engines. (Doctoral Dissertation). Loughborough University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2134/32421

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Akma, Tengku N. “Miller cycle combustion strategy for downsized gasoline engines.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Loughborough University. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2134/32421.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Akma, Tengku N. “Miller cycle combustion strategy for downsized gasoline engines.” 2017. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Akma TN. Miller cycle combustion strategy for downsized gasoline engines. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Loughborough University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/32421.

Council of Science Editors:

Akma TN. Miller cycle combustion strategy for downsized gasoline engines. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Loughborough University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/32421

Georgia Tech

6. Raut, Pravin Kamalakar. Experimental and analytical comparisons of the performance and combustion characteristics of gasoline, methane, and methanol in a Wankel engine.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical engineering, 1977, Georgia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18869

Subjects/Keywords: Wankel engine; Gasoline; Methane; Methanol

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APA (6^th Edition):

Raut, P. K. (1977). Experimental and analytical comparisons of the performance and combustion characteristics of gasoline, methane, and methanol in a Wankel engine. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18869

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Raut, Pravin Kamalakar. “Experimental and analytical comparisons of the performance and combustion characteristics of gasoline, methane, and methanol in a Wankel engine.” 1977. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18869.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Raut, Pravin Kamalakar. “Experimental and analytical comparisons of the performance and combustion characteristics of gasoline, methane, and methanol in a Wankel engine.” 1977. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Raut PK. Experimental and analytical comparisons of the performance and combustion characteristics of gasoline, methane, and methanol in a Wankel engine. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 1977. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18869.

Council of Science Editors:

Raut PK. Experimental and analytical comparisons of the performance and combustion characteristics of gasoline, methane, and methanol in a Wankel engine. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 1977. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18869

Colorado State University

7. Lakshminarayanan, Arunachalam. Technical and economic evaluation of triglyceride gasoline blends as an alternative fuel for diesel engines.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2018, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/189279

► Developing viable and sustainable alternative fuels is critical in addressing future energy needs. Existing fossil fuels, being limited in nature, are depleting, contribute to climate… (more)

▼ Developing viable and sustainable alternative fuels is critical in addressing future energy needs. Existing fossil fuels, being limited in nature, are depleting, contribute to climate change, health effects and their markets are volatile resulting in price fluctuations. Liquid fuels comprise a significant portion (about 40%) of a nation's total energy demand and production. Transportation sector being a key contributor national growth and security consumes almost 24% of the liquid fuel, while farming consumes about 15% to 17% of the liquid fuels. Bio diesel and bio ethanol are the two most widely used alternative, renewable fuels available. This work presents the technical and economics of using Triglyceride gasoline blends (TGBs) in a diesel engine. Canola straight vegetable oil (SVO) is highly viscous and has poor flow ability in cold weather. Consequently, it cannot be used in diesel engines without modification to the fuel system. Blending regular unleaded gasoline (10% by volume) to unrefined canola oil results in the specific gravity of the blend being similar to that of diesel. This enables it to be used in off road diesel engines in cold weather without modifications to the fuel system. A series of studies were performed to examine the viability of using TGBs to fuel diesel engines. Engine experiments were conducted on a 4.5L, turbocharged, intercooled Tier-III diesel engine. Lower heating value, higher mass based fuel consumption and slightly higher thermal efficiencies were recorded using TGB10 compared to diesel. The cylinder pressure traces and location of 50% mass fraction burnt for TGB10 and diesel were similar in most load points of the ISO 8178 8-mode test cycle. The average peak pressure of TGB10 was within ±4.5% to that of diesel. The combustion duration of TGB10 was about 12% to 15% shorter than diesel. Increased weighted NOX emissions (+9.8%), slightly lower weighted PM emissions (-5.5%), significantly lower weighted CO emission (-51.7%) and higher metal content (various orders of magnitude) were observed when using TGB10 as fuel in comparison to diesel. Additional engine experiments included varying the gasoline percentage in the TGB, evaluating combustion statistics, engine ECU parameters like start of injection, turbocharger speed and emissions analysis. Overall for blends containing up to 25% gasoline, most of the combustion parameters were identical to 100% triglyceride. As the gasoline content increased up to 55%, the combustion parameters were similar to diesel. For blends containing gasoline greater than 60% the combustion parameters were significantly different than diesel. A durability study (250 hours) on three fuels – (i) off road diesel, (ii) canola based bio diesel, and (iii) canola based TGB10 was conducted on a single-cylinder, naturally aspirated Yanmar diesel engine operating at constant load. Oil samples, injector spray patterns and carbon buildup from the injector and cylinder surfaces for the three fuels were analyzed and compared. Biodiesel had a cleansing effect on the… Advisors/Committee Members: Olsen, Daniel (advisor), Marchese, Anthony (committee member), Sampath, Walajabad (committee member), Cabot, Perry (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: cost of ownership economic modeling; engine durability; triglyceride gasoline blends; diesel engine; alternative fuel; engine exhaust emission

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lakshminarayanan, A. (2018). Technical and economic evaluation of triglyceride gasoline blends as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/189279

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lakshminarayanan, Arunachalam. “Technical and economic evaluation of triglyceride gasoline blends as an alternative fuel for diesel engines.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/189279.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lakshminarayanan, Arunachalam. “Technical and economic evaluation of triglyceride gasoline blends as an alternative fuel for diesel engines.” 2018. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Lakshminarayanan A. Technical and economic evaluation of triglyceride gasoline blends as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/189279.

Council of Science Editors:

Lakshminarayanan A. Technical and economic evaluation of triglyceride gasoline blends as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/189279

University of Lund

8. Dimitrakopoulos, Nikolaos. Evaluation of Gasoline PPC in a Multi-cylinder Engine : Capabilities & Challenges.

Degree: 2020, University of Lund

URL: https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/7029f3fa-f15d-4026-9edb-a2dbebbcb683 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/75453243/Thesis_WEB.pdf

► Internal combustion engines have been the most used engine design when it comes to vehicle propulsion and transportation. But as the number of vehicles increase,… (more)

▼ Internal combustion engines have been the most used engine design when it comes to vehicle propulsion and transportation. But as the number of vehicles increase, new problems arise as well. Engine emissions such as carbon dioxide that has an effect on a global scale and other harmful emissions that affect on a local scale such as soot and nitrogen oxides are on the rise, forcing the countries to take measures on controlling and reducing them.Gasoline Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC) is an alternative combustion concept that can offer both high indicated efficiency and low exhaust emissions in terms of NOx and soot, compared to conventional diesel combustion (CDC). Previous research has shown that this concept can work well with gasoline fuels of different octane ratings and can be used both in light and heavy duty engines. Although PPC has been tested substantially in research engines, results from engine designs that are closer to production are limited.In this thesis, PPC is evaluated in a multi-cylinder light duty diesel engine. Results show that while it can perform well with both low octane RON75 and higher octane RON90 gasoline, the available load range is limited compared to similar diesel operation. Despite that, efficiency is high, with gross indicated numbers of around 48 %, while brake efficiency reaches up to 41 %. Soot emissions are improved compared to diesel while NOx emissions are in similar numbers. A reason for that is the limited use of EGR compared to previous studies. This was deemed necessary to improve the upper achievable load of the engine.As the use of EGR was a limiting factor, an evaluation of the two possible EGR routes was performed, to investigate the possible gains compared to single route operation. Results show that by combining routes possibility for a 4 % gain in efficiency could be found. Also, low load operation is limited due to the type of combustion and the fuel that is used. A minimum amount of temperature is necessary to promote combustion at lower loads and that is not always possible. By utilizing the glowplugs of a diesel engine, combustion stability can be improved, helping reducing the low load limit.Finally these engine results are evaluated on a simulation model of a hybrid PPC powertrain. Even with an unoptimized diesel engine under PPC conditions, fuel consumption and emissions are comparable to a similar diesel powertrain from a production vehicle, showing that with further development, PPC can become a future possibility that can replace the less efficient SI engine.

Subjects/Keywords: Engineering and Technology; Energy Engineering; Vehicle Engineering; Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC); Light duty engine; Efficiency; Gasoline Compression Ignition; renewable gasoline

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dimitrakopoulos, N. (2020). Evaluation of Gasoline PPC in a Multi-cylinder Engine : Capabilities & Challenges. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Lund. Retrieved from https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/7029f3fa-f15d-4026-9edb-a2dbebbcb683 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/75453243/Thesis_WEB.pdf

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dimitrakopoulos, Nikolaos. “Evaluation of Gasoline PPC in a Multi-cylinder Engine : Capabilities & Challenges.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Lund. Accessed March 03, 2021. https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/7029f3fa-f15d-4026-9edb-a2dbebbcb683 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/75453243/Thesis_WEB.pdf.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dimitrakopoulos, Nikolaos. “Evaluation of Gasoline PPC in a Multi-cylinder Engine : Capabilities & Challenges.” 2020. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Dimitrakopoulos N. Evaluation of Gasoline PPC in a Multi-cylinder Engine : Capabilities & Challenges. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Lund; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/7029f3fa-f15d-4026-9edb-a2dbebbcb683 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/75453243/Thesis_WEB.pdf.

Council of Science Editors:

Dimitrakopoulos N. Evaluation of Gasoline PPC in a Multi-cylinder Engine : Capabilities & Challenges. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Lund; 2020. Available from: https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/7029f3fa-f15d-4026-9edb-a2dbebbcb683 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/75453243/Thesis_WEB.pdf

University of New South Wales

9. Woo, Changhwan. Combustion strategies for the increased use of biofuels in a small-bore diesel engine.

Degree: Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, 2015, University of New South Wales

URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/55382 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:37427/SOURCE02?view=true

► Biodiesel and ethanol are most widely considered as a promising alternative fuel to petroleum diesel and gasoline due to their renewable nature and potential reduction… (more)

▼ Biodiesel and ethanol are most widely considered as a promising alternative fuel to petroleum diesel and gasoline due to their renewable nature and potential reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. This thesis applies three different combustion strategies that can achieve the increased use of these biofuels without compromising engine efficiency and pollutant emissions, which includes 1) coconut oil-based biodiesel combustion with varying blending ratios of biodiesel and petroleum diesel, 2) dual-fuel combustion of port injected ethanol and direct injected biodiesel blend, and 3) neat ethanol combustion in a common-rail diesel engine. All of the three combustion strategies are realised in the same single-cylinder light-duty diesel engine. For the coconut-oil biodiesel combustion, a higher biodiesel blending ratio results in decreased indicated power but the improved lubricity of coconut-oil biodiesel and hence reduced friction loses leads to similar brake power of diesel. From the engine-out emissions, a significant reduction of smoke emissions are observed with an increase in the biodiesel blending ratio, which is explained by the oxygenated molecular structures and reduced aromatics contents of biodiesel. Also, the slower reaction and leaner mixture of high biodiesel blends, together with shorter carbon chain length of coconut-oil biodiesel, cause the reduced flame temperature and thereby decreasing NOx emissions. Nevertheless, a significant increase in the brake specific fuel consumption limits the highest biodiesel blending ratio at B40. The increased use of biofuel is achieved via an alternative approach using dual-fuelling of ethanol and B40. The results show that the indicated power increases with increasing ethanol energy fraction because the increased premixed charge leads to faster burning and thereby increasing the heat release rate. This effect, together with the reduced friction loss of coconut-oil biodiesel, results in higher brake power than diesel combustion while both smoke and NOx emissions are significantly reduced. The most promising results are found when neat ethanol is injected directly into the cylinder using a common-rail system, which achieve 100% biofuel usage. The optimised injection strategy using a split injection comprised of early bottom-dead-centre injection and near top-dead-centre injection achieves 50% higher fuel conversion efficiency despite 5% lower brake specific fuel consumption. The NOx emissions are reduced 30% while smoke emission is negligible. Advisors/Committee Members: Sanghoon, Kook, Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW, Qing Nian (Shaun), Chan, Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW.

Subjects/Keywords: Emissions; Gasoline compression ignition; Partially premixed combustion; Gasoline compression ignition; Biofuel; Diesel engine; Partially premixed combustion

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APA (6^th Edition):

Woo, C. (2015). Combustion strategies for the increased use of biofuels in a small-bore diesel engine. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/55382 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:37427/SOURCE02?view=true

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Woo, Changhwan. “Combustion strategies for the increased use of biofuels in a small-bore diesel engine.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New South Wales. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/55382 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:37427/SOURCE02?view=true.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Woo, Changhwan. “Combustion strategies for the increased use of biofuels in a small-bore diesel engine.” 2015. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Woo C. Combustion strategies for the increased use of biofuels in a small-bore diesel engine. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/55382 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:37427/SOURCE02?view=true.

Council of Science Editors:

Woo C. Combustion strategies for the increased use of biofuels in a small-bore diesel engine. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2015. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/55382 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:37427/SOURCE02?view=true

10. Graves, Brian M. Characterization of Particulate Matter Morphology and Volatility for Two Direct-Injection Engines.

Degree: MS, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/qb98mj25q

► Particulate matter emitted from two direct injection engines has been characterized by morphology, volatility, mass-mobility exponent, effective density, and size distribution using tandem measurements from… (more)

▼ Particulate matter emitted from two direct injection engines has been characterized by morphology, volatility, mass-mobility exponent, effective density, and size distribution using tandem measurements from a centrifugal particle mass analyzer (CPMA) and differential mobility analyzers (DMA). The engines consisted of a heavy duty, natural gas, compression ignition engine fitted with a high pressure direct injection (HPDI) system, and a four cylinder gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine fueled with gasoline and ethanol blends. The HPDI engine was tested at six conditions which varied load, speed, EGR fraction, and fuel delivery strategy. The GDI was tested at three engine loads at 2250 RPM (4%, 13%, and 26% of maximum load) in addition to an idle condition, while it was fueled using gasoline mixed with ethanol fractions of 0% (E0), 10% (E10), and 50% (E50) by volume. An increase in engine load increased particle number concentration for both engines, but the GDI idle condition produced approximately as many particles as at 13% load. An increase in ethanol fraction in the GDI decreased number concentration, but E10 produced more particles than E0 at idle and 26% load. HPDI size distributions were log-normal whereas GDI size distributions were not log-normal and were instead skewed. The fraction of the number of purely volatile particles to total number of particles (number volatile fraction, fN) for the HPDI engine decreased as load increased, although the low-speed, partially premixed mode had the lowest fN. The fN for the GDI both overall and as a function of particle mobility-equivalent diameter was under 10 percent at all engine conditions and fuels. The size-segregated ratio of the mass of internally mixed volatile material to total particle mass (fm) was similarly low for the GDI. The fm for the HPDI was higher; however it decreased with an increase in load and with particle mobility-equivalent diameter. HPDI effective density was seen to collapse to approximately a single line, but engine modes with higher fm values had slightly higher effective densities suggesting that the soot structures have collapsed into more dense shapes. Effective density and mass-mobility exponent for the GDI engine increased with load. Effective density decreased with an increase in ethanol fraction and a slight decrease in mass-mobility exponent was also observed for all conditions except idle. Effective density trends from both engines were compared to data from other GDI engines, a port fuel injection engine, and diesels, and the data is relatively similar between all engine types, with 90% of data points being within ±27% of a common trend line.

Subjects/Keywords: Ethanol; Natural Gas; Aerosol; Direct Injection; Fuel; Particulate; Gasoline; Volatility; Morphology; Engine; Nanoparticle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Graves, B. M. (2015). Characterization of Particulate Matter Morphology and Volatility for Two Direct-Injection Engines. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/qb98mj25q

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Graves, Brian M. “Characterization of Particulate Matter Morphology and Volatility for Two Direct-Injection Engines.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed March 03, 2021. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/qb98mj25q.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Graves, Brian M. “Characterization of Particulate Matter Morphology and Volatility for Two Direct-Injection Engines.” 2015. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Graves BM. Characterization of Particulate Matter Morphology and Volatility for Two Direct-Injection Engines. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/qb98mj25q.

Council of Science Editors:

Graves BM. Characterization of Particulate Matter Morphology and Volatility for Two Direct-Injection Engines. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2015. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/qb98mj25q

Texas A&M University

11. Sun, Jiafeng. Simultaneous Efficiency, NOx, and Smoke Improvements through Diesel/Gasoline Dual-Fuel Operation in a Diesel Engine.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2014, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153599

► Diesel/gasoline dual-fuel combustion uses both gasoline and diesel fuel in diesel engines to exploit their different reactivities. This operation combines the advantages of diesel fuel… (more)

▼ Diesel/gasoline dual-fuel combustion uses both gasoline and diesel fuel in diesel engines to exploit their different reactivities. This operation combines the advantages of diesel fuel and gasoline while avoiding their disadvantages, attains spatially stratified low temperature combustion (LTC), and yields very low NOx and PM emissions while maintaining good efficiency. It is promising in solving the problems of conventional LTC through better control of ignition and combustion. The benefits of dual-fuel operation and the potential of using gasoline fumigation to realize these benefits provide the major motivation to this research. This research is aimed at using gasoline fumigation in a medium-duty diesel engine to identify and quantify the influencing factors of diesel/gasoline dual-fuel LTC on engine efficiency and emissions. The factors include gasoline fraction, injection settings, rail pressure, intake pressure, and EGR level. This objective was realized through a series of experimental tests done at 1400 rpm and three loads, including both diesel baseline tests and dual-fuel tests. First, design of experiments and relevant statistical techniques were applied to tests. Twenty-three best models between 6 factors (intake pressure, rail pressure, SOI for diesel baseline tests, SOI for dual-fuel tests, EGR level, and gasoline fraction) and 5 targets (efficiency, NOx, smoke number, HC, and CO) were obtained through regression of test data. Confirmation tests were done based on best models. Generally, the observations are improved NOx and smoke emissions, but unimproved or deteriorated efficiency, HC and CO emissions. The optimization effort makes some achievements, but needs further improvement. The influence of each factor is analyzed. The measures to get better models are explained. Second, parametric studies of gasoline fraction and injection timing were done to find their influence on efficiency and emissions. Efficiency generally decreases slightly as gasoline fraction increases or injection timing is retarded. Generally, increasing gasoline fraction is beneficial for NOx and smoke emissions, but HC and CO emissions deteriorate. An advance in injection timing, however, has the opposite influence. Finally, individual cycle data were analyzed to study cyclic variability (CV) and its influence on dual-fuel efficiency and emissions. Factors causing or influencing CV were identified. The CV in dual-fuel operation is more serious than that in diesel operation, in terms of magnitude. Most of the test data studied do not have strong determinism, and the influence of gasoline addition is small. Advisors/Committee Members: Jacobs, Timothy J (advisor), Holtzapple, Mark (committee member), Caton, Jerald A (committee member), Tafreshi, Reza (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: diesel/gasoline dual-fuel; dual-fuel; efficiency; NOx; smoke; emissions; diesel engine; cyclic variability; DOE

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sun, J. (2014). Simultaneous Efficiency, NOx, and Smoke Improvements through Diesel/Gasoline Dual-Fuel Operation in a Diesel Engine. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153599

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sun, Jiafeng. “Simultaneous Efficiency, NOx, and Smoke Improvements through Diesel/Gasoline Dual-Fuel Operation in a Diesel Engine.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153599.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sun, Jiafeng. “Simultaneous Efficiency, NOx, and Smoke Improvements through Diesel/Gasoline Dual-Fuel Operation in a Diesel Engine.” 2014. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Sun J. Simultaneous Efficiency, NOx, and Smoke Improvements through Diesel/Gasoline Dual-Fuel Operation in a Diesel Engine. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153599.

Council of Science Editors:

Sun J. Simultaneous Efficiency, NOx, and Smoke Improvements through Diesel/Gasoline Dual-Fuel Operation in a Diesel Engine. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153599

Jönköping University

12. Stefou, Stefanos. A solution to misfuelling and a new experience in car refueling.

Degree: Industrial design, 2020, Jönköping University

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-47236

► The purpose of this thesis is to clarify to the reader the problem of misfuelling, which is the insertion of the wrong fuel in… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Misfuelling; gas pump; diesel; gasoline; engine; Statoil; fuel; refueling; industrial design; Design; Design

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APA (6^th Edition):

Stefou, S. (2020). A solution to misfuelling and a new experience in car refueling. (Thesis). Jönköping University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-47236

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Stefou, Stefanos. “A solution to misfuelling and a new experience in car refueling.” 2020. Thesis, Jönköping University. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-47236.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Stefou, Stefanos. “A solution to misfuelling and a new experience in car refueling.” 2020. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Stefou S. A solution to misfuelling and a new experience in car refueling. [Internet] [Thesis]. Jönköping University; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-47236.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Stefou S. A solution to misfuelling and a new experience in car refueling. [Thesis]. Jönköping University; 2020. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-47236

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Universitat Politècnica de València

13. Royo Pascual, Lucía. Study of Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery in Transportation Vehicles .

Degree: 2017, Universitat Politècnica de València

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/84013

► Regulations for ICE-based transportation in the EU seek carbon dioxide emissions lower than 95 g CO2/km by 2020. In order to fulfill these limits, improvements… (more)

▼ Regulations for ICE-based transportation in the EU seek carbon dioxide emissions lower than 95 g CO2/km by 2020. In order to fulfill these limits, improvements in vehicle fuel consumption have to be achieved. One of the main losses of ICEs happens in the exhaust line. Internal combustion engines transform chemical energy into mechanical energy through combustion; however, only about 15-32% of this energy is effectively used to produce work, while most of the fuel energy is wasted through exhaust gases and coolant. Therefore, these sources can be exploited to improve the overall efficiency of the engine. Between these sources, exhaust gases show the largest potential of Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) due to its high level of exergy. Regarding WHR technologies, Rankine cycles are considered as the most promising candidates for improving Internal Combustion Engines. However, the implementation of this technology in modern passenger cars requires additional features to achieve a compact integration and controllability in the engine. While industrial applications typically operates in steady state operating points, there is a huge challenge taking into account its impact in the engine during typical daily driving profiles. This thesis contributes to the knowledge and characterization of an Organic Rankine Cycle coupled with an Internal Combustion Engine using ethanol as working fluid and a swash-plate expander as expansion machine. The main objective of this research work is to obtain and quantify the potential of Organic Rankine Cycles for the use of residual energy in automotive engines. To do this, an experimental ORC test bench was designed and built at CMT (Polytechnic University of Valencia), which can be coupled to different types of automotive combustion engines. Using these results, an estimation of the main variables of the cycle was obtained both in stationary and transient operating points. A potential of increasing ICE mechanical efficiency up to 3.7% could be reached at points of high load installing an ORC in a conventional turbocharged gasoline engine. Regarding transient conditions, a slightly simple and robust control based on adaptive PIDs, allows the control of the ORC in realistic driving profiles. High loads and hot conditions should be the starting ideal conditions to test and validate the control of the ORC in order to achieve high exhaust temperatures that justify the feasibility of the system. In order to deepen in the viability and characteristics of this particular application, some theoretical studies were done. A 1D model was developed using LMS Imagine.Lab Amesim platform. A potential improvement of 2.5% in fuel conversion efficiency was obtained at the high operating points as a direct consequence of the 23.5 g/kWh reduction in bsfc. To conclude, a thermo-economic study was developed taking into account the main elements of the installation costs and a minimum Specific Investment Cost value of 2030 €/kW was obtained. Moreover, an exergetic study showed that a total amount of 3.75 kW, 36.5% of… Advisors/Committee Members: Dolz Ruiz, Vicente (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Gasoline engine; Waste Heat Recovery; Organic Rankine Cycle; Ethanol; Swash-plate expander

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APA (6^th Edition):

Royo Pascual, L. (2017). Study of Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery in Transportation Vehicles . (Doctoral Dissertation). Universitat Politècnica de València. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10251/84013

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Royo Pascual, Lucía. “Study of Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery in Transportation Vehicles .” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Universitat Politècnica de València. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/84013.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Royo Pascual, Lucía. “Study of Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery in Transportation Vehicles .” 2017. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Royo Pascual L. Study of Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery in Transportation Vehicles . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universitat Politècnica de València; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/84013.

Council of Science Editors:

Royo Pascual L. Study of Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery in Transportation Vehicles . [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universitat Politècnica de València; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/84013

University of Lund

14. Lundgren, Marcus. Optical Diagnostics of Gasoline Compression Ignition : HCCI-PPC-Diffusion Combustion.

Degree: 2017, University of Lund

URL: https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/0e72937e-44c9-4774-a6ae-e8f1982aacc4 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/25065564/Marcus_thesis_onl_pub.pdf

► Access to clean and affordable energy is one of the cornerstones of the world's society. Since the introduction of the internal combustion engine, diesel engines… (more)

▼ Access to clean and affordable energy is one of the cornerstones of the world's society. Since the introduction of the internal combustion engine, diesel engines have become widely used for transportation in the commercial sector. These engines are attractive as they have low fuel consumption, but are also associated with high emissions of air pollutants, such as NO_X and soot. These emissions are directly toxic to human beings and some contribute strongly to the global warming.To face these issues, researchers have shifted focus to advanced combustion concepts, such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and partially premixed combustion (PPC). These concepts are two of many approaches known under the collective name of low temperature combustion (LTC). In conventional diesel combustion (CDC), fuel autoignites almost immediately and burns continuously as it is introduced in the combustion chamber. By contrast, LTC uses large amounts of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), which extends the ignition delay and facilitates premixing of fuel and air before autoignition, thereby avoiding soot and NO_X formation while achieving high efficiency. These concepts are limited to low load operation. To extend the load range, gasoline has proved attractive due to its high resistance to autoignition. In contrast to diesel, this feature allows LTC to be used at increased loads. Despite the benefits, LTC concepts are challenged by high UHC and CO emissions, especially at low loads. At high loads, high pressure rise rates due to long ignition delays become challenging. For this reason, gasoline LTC cannot be achieved over the full load range and consequently CDC-like combustion needs to be used at high load. Nevertheless, gasoline has proven beneficial at high loads as well, producing less soot than diesel combustion. Gasoline compression ignition exhibits both opportunities and challenges as an approach to achieve cleaner engines. This work addresses the underlying factors, using a newly built optical engine to visualise the combustion processes. The study covers the whole load range, linking the concepts of low to medium load LTC to high load, CDC-like gasoline combustion. The first part of the results presents a transition from HCCI to PPC, coupling the combustion characteristics to the level of premixing and the combustion chamber bulk temperature. The second part describes a likely cause of UHC and suggests a potential method to reduce the, using multiple injections. In this study, laser diagnostics are used to trace the fuel distribution. Second to last, an intermediate load step between PPC and high load is described, addressing the difficulties of high pressure rise rates by utilizing double injection strategies. The last part presents high load gasoline operation and the factors behind soot reduction in comparison to diesel combustion. These results provides a wide but collective baseline of the fundamentally different combustion modes in gasoline compression ignition, linked over the whole load range.

Subjects/Keywords: Energy Engineering; Vehicle Engineering; Optical engine; LTC; HCCI; PPC; Gasoline; High load

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lundgren, M. (2017). Optical Diagnostics of Gasoline Compression Ignition : HCCI-PPC-Diffusion Combustion. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Lund. Retrieved from https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/0e72937e-44c9-4774-a6ae-e8f1982aacc4 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/25065564/Marcus_thesis_onl_pub.pdf

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lundgren, Marcus. “Optical Diagnostics of Gasoline Compression Ignition : HCCI-PPC-Diffusion Combustion.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Lund. Accessed March 03, 2021. https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/0e72937e-44c9-4774-a6ae-e8f1982aacc4 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/25065564/Marcus_thesis_onl_pub.pdf.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lundgren, Marcus. “Optical Diagnostics of Gasoline Compression Ignition : HCCI-PPC-Diffusion Combustion.” 2017. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Lundgren M. Optical Diagnostics of Gasoline Compression Ignition : HCCI-PPC-Diffusion Combustion. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Lund; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/0e72937e-44c9-4774-a6ae-e8f1982aacc4 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/25065564/Marcus_thesis_onl_pub.pdf.

Council of Science Editors:

Lundgren M. Optical Diagnostics of Gasoline Compression Ignition : HCCI-PPC-Diffusion Combustion. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Lund; 2017. Available from: https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/0e72937e-44c9-4774-a6ae-e8f1982aacc4 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/25065564/Marcus_thesis_onl_pub.pdf

University of Toronto

15. Zimmerman, Naomi. Linking Laboratory Engine Studies to Real-world Observations: Assessing the Air Quality Implications of Gasoline Direct Injection Engines.

Degree: PhD, 2016, University of Toronto

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/77856

►

In response to stringent regulations on fleet-average fuel economy, vehicle manufacturers have increasingly replaced port fuel injection (PFI) engines with gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines.… (more)

▼

In response to stringent regulations on fleet-average fuel economy, vehicle manufacturers have increasingly replaced port fuel injection (PFI) engines with gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. These engines emit substantial quantities of ultrafine particulate matter (PM) and black carbon (BC) which is of concern due to their associated health and climate effects, respectively. This thesis investigated GDI emissions, with a focus on the particle phase, in both laboratory and real-world environments to help understand the air quality impacts of this engine technology. As part of the study, advanced PM measurement techniques were assessed, and a correction protocol for a popular high-time resolution particle sizing instrument needed to accurately measure vehicle exhaust size distributions was developed. A laboratory study to quantify phase-partitioned polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations was also conducted. Compared to PFI engines, GDI engines emitted elevated concentrations of heavy molecular weight PAHs, including benzo(a)pyrene, a PAH with established associations to negative health outcomes. The GDI engine exhaust also had elevated concentrations of the PAHs pyrene and fluoranthene; these PAHs also exhibited the greatest extent of particle-gas partitioning. A study of real-world GDI emissions in an urban environment showed that GDI particle number and BC emissions were in the upper end of the fleet distribution, and that exhaust plumes exhibited dynamic behaviour in the near-road region, with increasing particle number emission factors with increasing distance from the roadway. This behaviour was unique to GDI vehicles, the same effects were not observed for heavy-duty garbage trucks or a PFI-equipped vehicle. Comparing size distributions at different distances from the roadway, rapid particle growth of sub-5 nm soot cores due to condensation of low volatility organic gases, such as pyrene and fluoranthene, was proposed to be the dominant growth mechanism in GDI vehicle exhaust. Comparing laboratory and real-world emission factors, BC emission factors were in good agreement, while real-world particle number emission factors were up to an order of magnitude higher. An estimate of the climate impacts of increased BC relative to fuel savings from GDI also showed that fuel economy gains of up to 12% may be needed to offset the radiative forcing of BC.

2017-07-08 00:00:00

Advisors/Committee Members: Evans, Greg J, Wallace, James S, Chemical Engineering Applied Chemistry.

Subjects/Keywords: air quality; black carbon; emission factors; engine emissions; gasoline direct injection; ultrafine particles; 0542

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zimmerman, N. (2016). Linking Laboratory Engine Studies to Real-world Observations: Assessing the Air Quality Implications of Gasoline Direct Injection Engines. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/77856

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zimmerman, Naomi. “Linking Laboratory Engine Studies to Real-world Observations: Assessing the Air Quality Implications of Gasoline Direct Injection Engines.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Toronto. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/77856.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zimmerman, Naomi. “Linking Laboratory Engine Studies to Real-world Observations: Assessing the Air Quality Implications of Gasoline Direct Injection Engines.” 2016. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Zimmerman N. Linking Laboratory Engine Studies to Real-world Observations: Assessing the Air Quality Implications of Gasoline Direct Injection Engines. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Toronto; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/77856.

Council of Science Editors:

Zimmerman N. Linking Laboratory Engine Studies to Real-world Observations: Assessing the Air Quality Implications of Gasoline Direct Injection Engines. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Toronto; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/77856

Loughborough University

16. Efthymiou, Petros. An optical investigation of DISI engine combustion, fuel spray and emissions at cold-start temperatures.

Degree: PhD, 2015, Loughborough University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/19486

► Particulate number (PN) standards in current and future emissions legislation pose a challenge for designers and calibrators during the warm-up phases of cold direct injection… (more)

▼ Particulate number (PN) standards in current and future emissions legislation pose a challenge for designers and calibrators during the warm-up phases of cold direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engines. To achieve catalyst light-off conditions in the shortest time, engine strategies are often employed that inherently use more fuel to attain higher exhaust temperatures. These can lead to the generation of locally fuel-rich regions within the combustion chamber and hence the formation and emission of particulates. To meet these emissions requirements, further understanding of the DISI in-cylinder processes during cold-start are required. This thesis investigates the effect of cooling an optical research engine to temperatures as low as -7°C, one of the legislative test conditions. A high-speed 9 kHz optical investigation of the in-cylinder combustion and fuel spray along with in-cylinder pressure measurements was completed with the engine motored and fired at 1500 rpm during combustion conditions that were essentially homogeneous and stoichiometric. Results showed significant differences between the flame growth structures at various operating temperature conditions with the notable presence of fuel-rich regions, which are understood to be prominent areas of particulate formation. Measured engine performance parameters such as indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and mass fraction burned (MFB) times correlated with the observed differences in combustion characteristics and flame growth speed. It was shown that flash boiling of the fuel spray was present in the fully heated engine case and significantly reduced the penetration of the spray plume and the likelihood of piston crown and cylinder liner impingement. The flow and combustion processes of a transient production cold start-up strategy were analysed using high-speed particle image velocimetry (HSPIV). Results highlighted a broad range of flame structures and contrasting flame stoichiometry occurring at different times in the start-up process. Turbulent flow structures were identified that have an effect on the fuel spray development and combustion process as well as providing a path for cold-start emissions reduction. PN and transient hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were measured at cold conditions to further elucidate the effect of operating temperature and correlate emissions data with in-cylinder measurements. A clear link between the quantity and size range of particulate and HC emissions and operating temperature was shown and the precise in-cylinder location of HC emissions, caused by fuel impingement, was inferred from the HC emissions data.

Subjects/Keywords: 621.43; DISI; GDI; SI; Gasoline; ENGINE; Cold-start; NEDC; PM; PN; Particulates; Soot; Emissions

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Efthymiou, P. (2015). An optical investigation of DISI engine combustion, fuel spray and emissions at cold-start temperatures. (Doctoral Dissertation). Loughborough University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2134/19486

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Efthymiou, Petros. “An optical investigation of DISI engine combustion, fuel spray and emissions at cold-start temperatures.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Loughborough University. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2134/19486.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Efthymiou, Petros. “An optical investigation of DISI engine combustion, fuel spray and emissions at cold-start temperatures.” 2015. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Efthymiou P. An optical investigation of DISI engine combustion, fuel spray and emissions at cold-start temperatures. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Loughborough University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/19486.

Council of Science Editors:

Efthymiou P. An optical investigation of DISI engine combustion, fuel spray and emissions at cold-start temperatures. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Loughborough University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/19486

Penn State University

17. Raj Mohan, Vivek Raja. Development and application of a transported probability density function model for advanced compression-ignition engines.

Degree: 2014, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22944

► A transported probability density function (PDF) method is coupled with a deforming/moving grid with periodic removal/addition of layers of cells to accommodate piston motion in… (more)

▼ A transported probability density function (PDF) method is coupled with a deforming/moving grid with periodic removal/addition of layers of cells to accommodate piston motion in engine modeling. The coupled model is used to simulate in-cylinder combustion processes for heavy-duty compression-ignition engines. First, the influences of unresolved turbulent fluctuations in composition and temperature (turbulence-chemistry interactions – TCI) on heat release, flame structure, and emissions are explored at four operating conditions in a conventional diesel engine. TCI are isolated and quantified by comparing results from the transported PDF model with those from a model that neglects the influence of fluctuations on local mean reaction rates (a well-stirred-reactor – WSR-model), with all other aspects of the modeling being the same (e.g., spray model, gas-phase chemical mechanism, and soot model). Computed pressure and heat-release traces, turbulent flame structure, and emissions from the WSR and PDF models show marked differences, with the PDF-model results being in closer agreement with experiment in most cases. While the peak cylinder pressure values predicted by the PDF model are within 3% of the measured data, those predicted by the WSR model differ up to 10.5% from experimental data. The soot results are especially striking. Computed soot levels from the PDF model are within a factor of five of the measured engine-out particulate matter, and computed soot levels from the WSR and PDF models differ by up to several orders of magnitude, with the PDF-model results being in much closer agreement with experiment. These results highlight the importance of TCI in compression-ignition engines. Second, one of the advanced combustion modes – partially premixed combustion – is studied using gasoline as fuel. It is observed that at least four components are required to form a gasoline surrogate to predict the ignition characteristics, flame structure and emissions accurately. A good surrogate chemical mechanism needs to be validated for two-component primary reference fuel (PRF) mixtures (mixtures of n-heptane and iso-octane) and three-component toluene reference fuel mixtures (mixtures of n-heptane, iso-octane and toluene) under heavy-duty engine conditions before using it to predict gasoline combustion characteristics. Several PRF chemical mechanisms are tested to model the combustion of two-component PRF mixtures, and none of them satisfactorily match the experimental data. Those mechanisms that have been primarily developed to study leaner combustion conditions predict a longer ignition delay compared to experiments. Finally, a new combustion concept based on advanced combustion strategies has been explored. A preliminary study of this concept shows tremendous potential to increase efficiency. Advisors/Committee Members: Daniel Connell Haworth, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Daniel Connell Haworth, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Andre Louis Boehman, Committee Member, Stephen R Turns, Committee Member, Savas Yavuzkurt, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: PDF model; compression-ignition engines; engine modeling; soot modeling; gasoline engine; heavy-duty engines; CFD modeling

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APA (6^th Edition):

Raj Mohan, V. R. (2014). Development and application of a transported probability density function model for advanced compression-ignition engines. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22944

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Raj Mohan, Vivek Raja. “Development and application of a transported probability density function model for advanced compression-ignition engines.” 2014. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed March 03, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22944.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Raj Mohan, Vivek Raja. “Development and application of a transported probability density function model for advanced compression-ignition engines.” 2014. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Raj Mohan VR. Development and application of a transported probability density function model for advanced compression-ignition engines. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22944.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Raj Mohan VR. Development and application of a transported probability density function model for advanced compression-ignition engines. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2014. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22944

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

18. Singh, Ripudaman. Enabling Ethanol Use as a Renewable Transportation Fuel: A Micro- and Macro-scale Perspective.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2019, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/149831

► The transportation sector remains the most challenging area to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels. A successful transition away from fossil… (more)

▼ The transportation sector remains the most challenging area to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels. A successful transition away from fossil fuels is possible through the use of ethanol as an alternative fuel. Ethanol has considerable promise to reduce the carbon intensity of passenger vehicles, but a better understanding of the promise and limitations of ethanol as a renewable energy carrier is required, particularly using non-food feedstocks. Blending ethanol with gasoline has been demonstrated at a significant scale in the United States and Brazil. Currently, ethanol is blended with gasoline in the U.S. as an octane booster to a maximum blend level (E10 – 10% by volume); which is indistinguishable from gasoline to the engine application and the fueling infrastructure. However, optimum blend levels have not been determined from an engine application perspective. Also, current production of ethanol from primary food crops presents challenges like competition with food sources; thus, alternative feedstocks for ethanol production are required. This dissertation takes a novel approach which presents micro and macro-scale perspectives to enable ethanol as a transportation fuel. First at the micro or device scale, physical experiments were used to determine the optimum blend level of ethanol and gasoline for production spark ignition engines. Engine operating strategies which provide the most benefit, in terms of improving efficiency and lowering emissions, with the use of these blends were identified. Mid-level blends (30%) of ethanol by volume with gasoline show the most benefit in terms of several engine performance metrics. An improvement of 2% in thermodynamic efficiency on an absolute basis, and more than 90% reduction in particulate emissions was observed by combining use of such a blend with a triple-injection per cycle fueling strategy. Second at the macro scale of the transportation fuel production and distribution level, analytical methods were applied to determine the feasibility of producing cellulosic ethanol based on high-fidelity geographically-resolved data on agricultural waste for the regional districts of Ghana. Biorefinery locations and fuel blending infrastructure recommendations are made, by minimizing transportation costs involved in the biomass residue feedstock collection and distribution of the ethanol produced by the biorefinery. Previous studies have shown significant potential of biofuel production in Ghana, but there were no previous studies that focused on development of geographic infrastructure for 2nd generation transportation biofuels (i.e. based on non-food feedstocks). This study was the first attempt in this direction. Both the process used and the outcomes of this study provide valuable input for the development of sustainable biofuels infrastructure in Ghana. This work demonstrates considerable benefit of ethanol blending for modern engine architecture, with identification of strategies which leverage the thermo-physical fuel properties of… Advisors/Committee Members: Wooldridge, Margaret S (committee member), Gamba, Mirko (committee member), Boehman, Andre L (committee member), Keoleian, Gregory A (committee member), Mansfield, Andrew Benjamin (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: spark ignition engine; gasoline direct injection; cellulosic ethanol; thermodynamic efficiency; particulate emissions; Ghana; Mechanical Engineering; Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Singh, R. (2019). Enabling Ethanol Use as a Renewable Transportation Fuel: A Micro- and Macro-scale Perspective. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/149831

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Singh, Ripudaman. “Enabling Ethanol Use as a Renewable Transportation Fuel: A Micro- and Macro-scale Perspective.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/149831.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Singh, Ripudaman. “Enabling Ethanol Use as a Renewable Transportation Fuel: A Micro- and Macro-scale Perspective.” 2019. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Singh R. Enabling Ethanol Use as a Renewable Transportation Fuel: A Micro- and Macro-scale Perspective. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/149831.

Council of Science Editors:

Singh R. Enabling Ethanol Use as a Renewable Transportation Fuel: A Micro- and Macro-scale Perspective. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/149831

NSYSU

19. Jhang, Syu-Ruei. The study of reducing health-related hazardous air pollutants and assessing greenhouse gases life cycle by using hydrogen additions in diesel and gasoline internal combustion engine.

Degree: PhD, Institute Of Environmental Engineering, 2018, NSYSU

URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0716118-213507

► This study investigated hydrogen addition (using de-ionized as the hydrogen source) on diesel and gasoline internal combustion engines. The results show that hydrogen addition (0.6%… (more)

▼ This study investigated hydrogen addition (using de-ionized as the hydrogen source) on diesel and gasoline internal combustion engines. The results show that hydrogen addition (0.6% and 1.2% by volume) lead to an increase of brake thermal efficiency and decrease brake specific fuel consumption on the diesel engine. The hydrogen addition leads to reduce the traditional emissions such as CO2 and CO, but THC increased 4.94% and 13.1% on average with the low level of hydrogen addition (0.6% and 1.2% by volume). Nevertheless, the addition of hydrogen lowered nitrogen oxide emissions at the idling and low load conditions but increased during the high load. Particulate matter formation mainly comes from incomplete combustion, especially during idle condition with lower cylinder temperature. However, hydrogen addition could decrease by 14.1%, 6.86% and 9.75% with the increase of during engine load (25, 50 and 75% engine load). Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone contributed 79.2â87.2% of total carbonyl compounds which are the more prominent when the engine operated at low load. With 0.6 and 1.2 vol% of hydrogen addition, formaldehyde decreased 10.4â10.9% at idling condition. As the load increases 25, 50 and 75%, the formaldehyde decreased by 2.93â25.1, 5.91â25.8 and 2.28â40.5%, respectively. The same reduction phenomenon can also be observed from acrolein, acetone, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde and 2-butanone & butyraldehyde emissions. The highest ozone-formation potential (OFP) from multi-pollution emissions was found an idling operation. The high OFP could be reduced by increasing hydrogen additions and eventually approached the lowest level with 1.2 vol% hydrogen addition at middle to high engine load. The average reduction for total PAHs after hydrogen addition were 56.4%, 34.5%, and 27.9%, respectively. The same trend of total toxicity equivalence (TEF-BaPeq) was pointed out and the average reduction was observed at 44.1%, 23.2%, and 25.4%, respectively after hydrogen addition. According to the gasoline vehicle was fueled with gasoline and multiple bioethanols applied with and without hydrogen addition. The results show that the E3, E6 in the fuel blends benefits the complete combustion of the fuel-air mixture during cold start transient phase compared to the base fuel of G0. Therefore, high inflammation with diffusion speeds of hydrogen addition with E6, E10 improve the combustion process, extend air and fuel mixing more homogeneous, which are average reduced 38.8%, 44.0% for CO, HC, respectively. The small amount of hydrogen addition with bioethanol/gasoline fuel blends slightly reduced the NOx accumulated mass, due to the leaner mixture during cold start. Especially, the dropping trend could also discern after the small amount of hydrogen addition in comparison with the base fuel of G0. The overall of average well-to-tank GHG emissions accounts for 22.3% of the well-to-wheel GHG emissions. This discrepancy is related to feedstock and fuel economy. However, the corn-based E10 offset the well-to-tank GHG… Advisors/Committee Members: Shui-Jen Chen (chair), Yuan-Chung Lin (committee member), Perng-Jy Tsai (chair), Kang-Shin Chen (chair), Jau Huai Lu (chair).

Subjects/Keywords: Life cycle assessment; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Carbonyl compounds; Traditional pollutants; Hydrogen; Bioethanol; Diesel and gasoline engine

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jhang, S. (2018). The study of reducing health-related hazardous air pollutants and assessing greenhouse gases life cycle by using hydrogen additions in diesel and gasoline internal combustion engine. (Doctoral Dissertation). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0716118-213507

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jhang, Syu-Ruei. “The study of reducing health-related hazardous air pollutants and assessing greenhouse gases life cycle by using hydrogen additions in diesel and gasoline internal combustion engine.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, NSYSU. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0716118-213507.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jhang, Syu-Ruei. “The study of reducing health-related hazardous air pollutants and assessing greenhouse gases life cycle by using hydrogen additions in diesel and gasoline internal combustion engine.” 2018. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Jhang S. The study of reducing health-related hazardous air pollutants and assessing greenhouse gases life cycle by using hydrogen additions in diesel and gasoline internal combustion engine. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NSYSU; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0716118-213507.

Council of Science Editors:

Jhang S. The study of reducing health-related hazardous air pollutants and assessing greenhouse gases life cycle by using hydrogen additions in diesel and gasoline internal combustion engine. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NSYSU; 2018. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0716118-213507

University of Colorado

20. Cameron, Drew Morales. Autoignition Studies of Gasoline Surrogate Fuels in the Advanced Fuel Ignition Delay Analyzer.

Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2017, University of Colorado

URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/mcen_gradetds/150

► Improving vehicle efficiency is a substantial way to reduce CO₂ emissions from the transportation sector. The most limiting factor of spark ignition (SI) gasoline engine… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: auto-ignition; combustion; fuel; gasoline surrogate; ignition kinetics; spark ignition engine; Advanced Fuel Ignition Delay Analyzer (AFIDA); Chemistry; Mechanical Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cameron, D. M. (2017). Autoignition Studies of Gasoline Surrogate Fuels in the Advanced Fuel Ignition Delay Analyzer. (Masters Thesis). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/mcen_gradetds/150

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cameron, Drew Morales. “Autoignition Studies of Gasoline Surrogate Fuels in the Advanced Fuel Ignition Delay Analyzer.” 2017. Masters Thesis, University of Colorado. Accessed March 03, 2021. https://scholar.colorado.edu/mcen_gradetds/150.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cameron, Drew Morales. “Autoignition Studies of Gasoline Surrogate Fuels in the Advanced Fuel Ignition Delay Analyzer.” 2017. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Cameron DM. Autoignition Studies of Gasoline Surrogate Fuels in the Advanced Fuel Ignition Delay Analyzer. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Colorado; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/mcen_gradetds/150.

Council of Science Editors:

Cameron DM. Autoignition Studies of Gasoline Surrogate Fuels in the Advanced Fuel Ignition Delay Analyzer. [Masters Thesis]. University of Colorado; 2017. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/mcen_gradetds/150

Linköping University

21. Johansson, Anton. Measurements and Modelling for Heat Transfer Corrected Exhaust Gas Temperatures in a Gasoline Engine.

Degree: Vehicular Systems, 2019, Linköping University

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157637

► This thesis is treating the modelling of a thermocouple (tc) to compensate forheat transfers due to convection, radiation and conduction when performingtemperature measurements in… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: temperature measurement; gasoline engine; thermocouple; modelling of a thermocouple; Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering; Annan elektroteknik och elektronik

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APA (6^th Edition):

Johansson, A. (2019). Measurements and Modelling for Heat Transfer Corrected Exhaust Gas Temperatures in a Gasoline Engine. (Thesis). Linköping University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157637

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Johansson, Anton. “Measurements and Modelling for Heat Transfer Corrected Exhaust Gas Temperatures in a Gasoline Engine.” 2019. Thesis, Linköping University. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157637.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Johansson, Anton. “Measurements and Modelling for Heat Transfer Corrected Exhaust Gas Temperatures in a Gasoline Engine.” 2019. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Johansson A. Measurements and Modelling for Heat Transfer Corrected Exhaust Gas Temperatures in a Gasoline Engine. [Internet] [Thesis]. Linköping University; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157637.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Johansson A. Measurements and Modelling for Heat Transfer Corrected Exhaust Gas Temperatures in a Gasoline Engine. [Thesis]. Linköping University; 2019. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157637

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

22. Monsalve Serrano, Javier. Dual-fuel compression ignition: towards clean, highly efficient combustion .

Degree: 2016, Universitat Politècnica de València

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/75109

► The more and more stringent emissions regulations, together with the greater fuel economy demanded by vehicle users, impose a clear objective to researchers and engine… (more)

▼ The more and more stringent emissions regulations, together with the greater fuel economy demanded by vehicle users, impose a clear objective to researchers and engine manufacturers: look for the maximum efficiency with the minimum pollutant emissions levels. The conventional diesel combustion is a highly efficient process, but also leads to high levels of NOx and soot emissions that require using aftertreatment systems to reduce the final levels released to the environment. Since these systems incur in higher costs of acquisition and operation of the engine, the scientific community is working on developing alternative strategies to reduce the generation of these pollutants during the combustion process itself. The literature shows that the new combustion modes based on promoting low temperatures during this process, offer high efficiency and very low NOx and soot levels simultaneously. However, after years of investigation, it can be concluded that these techniques cannot be applied in the whole engine operating range due to, among others, factors like the low control of the combustion process. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that the dual-fuel combustion technique allows to overcome this limitation thanks to the additional degree of freedom provided by the capacity of modulating the fuel reactivity depending on the engine operating conditions. This characteristic, together with the near-zero NOx and soot levels obtained with this technique, has encouraged the scientific community to deeply investigate the dual-fuel combustion. In this sense, former works confirm the advantages previously described, concluding that still exist some limitations to be tackled, as well as some margin for improving the potential of this combustion concept. The general objective of the present Doctoral Thesis is to contribute to the understanding of the dual-fuel combustion mode, with the particular aim of exploring different ways to improve its efficiency. For this purpose, it has been experimentally evaluated different options such as the modification of the engine operating parameters, specific designs of the piston geometry or the use of alternative fuels. With the aim of answering some of the questions found in the literature, the first part of each study has been dedicated to perform a detailed analysis of the influence of each particular strategy on the dual-fuel operation at low load. Later, it has been checked the ability of each option to extend the dual-fuel operating range towards higher engine loads. It is interesting to note that the analysis of some results has been supported by CFD calculations, which have allowed to understand some local phenomena occurring during the dual-fuel combustion process, which cannot be confirmed only from the experimental point of view. Finally, taking into account the knowledge acquired during the different studies performed, the last chapter of results has been devoted to evaluate the ability of the dual-fuel concept to operate over the whole engine map, as well as to identify… Advisors/Committee Members: García Martínez, Antonio (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Motor; Eficiencia; Combustión; Emisiones; Contaminantes; Dual-fuel; Diesel; Etanol; Gasolina; Biocombustibles; EURO VI; Engine; Efficiency; Combustion; Emissions; Pollutants; Ethanol; Gasoline; Biofuels

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APA (6^th Edition):

Monsalve Serrano, J. (2016). Dual-fuel compression ignition: towards clean, highly efficient combustion . (Doctoral Dissertation). Universitat Politècnica de València. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10251/75109

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Monsalve Serrano, Javier. “Dual-fuel compression ignition: towards clean, highly efficient combustion .” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Universitat Politècnica de València. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/75109.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Monsalve Serrano, Javier. “Dual-fuel compression ignition: towards clean, highly efficient combustion .” 2016. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Monsalve Serrano J. Dual-fuel compression ignition: towards clean, highly efficient combustion . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universitat Politècnica de València; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/75109.

Council of Science Editors:

Monsalve Serrano J. Dual-fuel compression ignition: towards clean, highly efficient combustion . [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universitat Politècnica de València; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/75109

Penn State University

23. Kazmouz, Samuel. Large-Eddy Simulations of Motored Flow and Combustion in a Stratified-Charge Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine.

Degree: 2020, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17568xuk13

► Stratified-charge, spray-guided, spark-ignition, direct-injection operation offers efficiency improvements to conventional engines used in light-duty vehicles. However, cycle-to-cycle variability (CCV) impedes extracting the full efficiency potential… (more)

▼ Stratified-charge, spray-guided, spark-ignition, direct-injection operation offers efficiency improvements to conventional engines used in light-duty vehicles. However, cycle-to-cycle variability (CCV) impedes extracting the full efficiency potential of such advanced engine operation modes. In this dissertation, multi-cycle motored and fired large-eddy simulation (LES) results of an optically-accessible single-cylinder four-valve direct-injection spark- ignition engine, called G4VDI, are presented and compared to experimental results. The main objective is to investigate the root causes of CCV in stratified-charge engines. For motored operation, four sets of 60 consecutive LES cycles, with different operating conditions, are compared with experiments. LES is able to capture the wave dynamics of the ports and the in-cylinder pressure with a difference of 0.12%-2.5%, compared to experimental results. The LES velocity fields are compared with particle-image velocimetry measurements at six cutting planes. Based on the local and volume-averaged structure and magnitude indexes, it is found that LES is able to reproduce key flow events and capture large-scale in-cylinder flow structures, especially in high tumble/swirl conditions. Using proper orthogonal decomposition, LES shows that high tumble/swirl conditions produce low CCV flow fields. CCV of in-cylinder pressure ranged between 0.13% and 0.23%. For fired operation, and using the thickened flame model (TFM), 20 consecutive LES cycles of a homogeneous-charge engine operation mode are presented followed by spray-characterization in four different ambient conditions. These results lay the foundation for two stratified-charge engine operation modes, in which 20 and 35 consecutive LES cycles are compared with experiments, respectively. TFM-LES is extended for partially premixed flames and is able to reproduce experimental in-cylinder pressure (0.5%-10%), cyclic variability (20.5%-22.7%) in global and local quantities, local fuel vapor distributions, and heat release curves for homogeneous and stratified burn. Tuning TFM to reduce the burn rate increases the tendency to produce misfires, as well as the levels of CCV. Correlation analysis done on the stratified-charge LES results suggests that the influence of the early burn on the subsequent flame development is more subtle for stratified combustion compared to homogeneous combustion, that is the local conditions at the spark plug when the flame starts propagating are more influential than the conditions at spark timing, and that the injection event creates velocity conditions which might be favorable or unfavorable for the combustion event. The main contributions of this dissertation are extending TFM to highly stratified spray combustion, showing that LES can reproduce experimentally measured flow and combustion behavior in a realistic engine, including CCV, and analyzing LES to provide new insight into CCV and misfires of stratified-charge engines. Advisors/Committee Members: Daniel Connell Haworth, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Daniel Connell Haworth, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Jacqueline Antonia O'Connor, Committee Member, Yuan Xuan, Committee Member, Sven Schmitz, Outside Member, Stephen R Turns, Special Member, Robert John Santoro, Special Member, Karen Ann Thole, Program Head/Chair.

Subjects/Keywords: Internal Combustion Engines; Large-Eddy Simulation; Cycle-to-Cycle Variations; Stratified-Charge Combustion; Gasoline-Direct-Injection Engine

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kazmouz, S. (2020). Large-Eddy Simulations of Motored Flow and Combustion in a Stratified-Charge Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17568xuk13

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kazmouz, Samuel. “Large-Eddy Simulations of Motored Flow and Combustion in a Stratified-Charge Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine.” 2020. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed March 03, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17568xuk13.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kazmouz, Samuel. “Large-Eddy Simulations of Motored Flow and Combustion in a Stratified-Charge Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine.” 2020. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kazmouz S. Large-Eddy Simulations of Motored Flow and Combustion in a Stratified-Charge Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17568xuk13.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kazmouz S. Large-Eddy Simulations of Motored Flow and Combustion in a Stratified-Charge Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2020. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17568xuk13

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Brno University of Technology

24. Smejkal, Jan. Přímý vstřik benzínu: Gasoline Direct Injection.

Degree: 2020, Brno University of Technology

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/191917

► This bachelor thesis deals with the problematics of gasoline direct injection in combustion engines. There is a view of the history of the development of… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Přímý vstřik benzínu; zážehový motor; spalovací motor; palivový systém; palivová směs; výfukový systém; emise; Gasoline direct injection; petrol engine; combustion engine; fuel system; fuel mixture; exhaust system; emissions

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APA (6^th Edition):

Smejkal, J. (2020). Přímý vstřik benzínu: Gasoline Direct Injection. (Thesis). Brno University of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11012/191917

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Smejkal, Jan. “Přímý vstřik benzínu: Gasoline Direct Injection.” 2020. Thesis, Brno University of Technology. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11012/191917.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Smejkal, Jan. “Přímý vstřik benzínu: Gasoline Direct Injection.” 2020. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Smejkal J. Přímý vstřik benzínu: Gasoline Direct Injection. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/191917.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Smejkal J. Přímý vstřik benzínu: Gasoline Direct Injection. [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/191917

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Brno University of Technology

25. Pavličík, Lukáš. Hnací ústrojí vozidel Octavia: Powertrains of Octavia vehicles.

Degree: 2019, Brno University of Technology

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/10311

► This Bachelor thesis describes powertrains of Škoda Octavia vehicles, which have used from the beginning of production of this car until today. It has two… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Hnací ústrojí; vznětový motor; zážehový motor; převodovka; spotřeba paliva; výkon; kroutící moment; Powertrains; diesel engine; gasoline engine; gearbox; fuel consumption; performance; torque

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pavličík, L. (2019). Hnací ústrojí vozidel Octavia: Powertrains of Octavia vehicles. (Thesis). Brno University of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11012/10311

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pavličík, Lukáš. “Hnací ústrojí vozidel Octavia: Powertrains of Octavia vehicles.” 2019. Thesis, Brno University of Technology. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11012/10311.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pavličík, Lukáš. “Hnací ústrojí vozidel Octavia: Powertrains of Octavia vehicles.” 2019. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Pavličík L. Hnací ústrojí vozidel Octavia: Powertrains of Octavia vehicles. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/10311.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Pavličík L. Hnací ústrojí vozidel Octavia: Powertrains of Octavia vehicles. [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/10311

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Brno University of Technology

26. Malchárek, Miroslav. Motory vozidel Octavia: Engines of Octavia vehicles.

Degree: 2019, Brno University of Technology

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/10702

► This bachelor thesis deals with popular car Škoda Octavia and combustion engines used in it. Thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter deals… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Vznětový motor; zážehový motor; přímé vstřikování; filtr pevných částic; řídící jednotka.; Diesel engine; gasoline engine; direct injection; diesel particulate filter; the control unit.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Malchárek, M. (2019). Motory vozidel Octavia: Engines of Octavia vehicles. (Thesis). Brno University of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11012/10702

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Malchárek, Miroslav. “Motory vozidel Octavia: Engines of Octavia vehicles.” 2019. Thesis, Brno University of Technology. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11012/10702.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Malchárek, Miroslav. “Motory vozidel Octavia: Engines of Octavia vehicles.” 2019. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Malchárek M. Motory vozidel Octavia: Engines of Octavia vehicles. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/10702.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Malchárek M. Motory vozidel Octavia: Engines of Octavia vehicles. [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/10702

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Brno University of Technology

27. Holuša, David. Automobily osmdesátých a devadesátých let: Automobiles of the eighties and nineties.

Degree: 2018, Brno University of Technology

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/7587

► This Bachelor Thesis describes events, which led to automotive industry development in eighties and nineties of the twentieth century, further it focuses on situation in… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Automobil; airbag; ABS; automobilový průmysl; pohon kol; vznětový motor; zážehový motor; Car; airbag; ABS; automotive industry; wheel drive; diesel engine; gasoline engine

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Holuša, D. (2018). Automobily osmdesátých a devadesátých let: Automobiles of the eighties and nineties. (Thesis). Brno University of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11012/7587

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Holuša, David. “Automobily osmdesátých a devadesátých let: Automobiles of the eighties and nineties.” 2018. Thesis, Brno University of Technology. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11012/7587.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Holuša, David. “Automobily osmdesátých a devadesátých let: Automobiles of the eighties and nineties.” 2018. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Holuša D. Automobily osmdesátých a devadesátých let: Automobiles of the eighties and nineties. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/7587.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Holuša D. Automobily osmdesátých a devadesátých let: Automobiles of the eighties and nineties. [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/7587

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

28. 小山, 哲司; コヤマ, テツジ. レーザドップラ式流量計による高圧燃料噴射率計測に関する研究 : Study on High Pressure Fuel Injection Rate Measurement with a Flow Rate Meter Based on Laser Doppler Anemometer.

Degree: 博士（工学）, 2016, Gunma University / 群馬大学

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10087/10165

学位記番号：工博甲508号

Subjects/Keywords: Gasoline Direct injection engine; Fuel Injection; Fuel Injection Rate; Laser Doppler Anemometry

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

小山, 哲司; コヤマ, �. (2016). レーザドップラ式流量計による高圧燃料噴射率計測に関する研究 : Study on High Pressure Fuel Injection Rate Measurement with a Flow Rate Meter Based on Laser Doppler Anemometer. (Thesis). Gunma University / 群馬大学. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10087/10165

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

小山, 哲司; コヤマ, テツジ. “レーザドップラ式流量計による高圧燃料噴射率計測に関する研究 : Study on High Pressure Fuel Injection Rate Measurement with a Flow Rate Meter Based on Laser Doppler Anemometer.” 2016. Thesis, Gunma University / 群馬大学. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10087/10165.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

小山, 哲司; コヤマ, テツジ. “レーザドップラ式流量計による高圧燃料噴射率計測に関する研究 : Study on High Pressure Fuel Injection Rate Measurement with a Flow Rate Meter Based on Laser Doppler Anemometer.” 2016. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

小山, 哲司; コヤマ �. レーザドップラ式流量計による高圧燃料噴射率計測に関する研究 : Study on High Pressure Fuel Injection Rate Measurement with a Flow Rate Meter Based on Laser Doppler Anemometer. [Internet] [Thesis]. Gunma University / 群馬大学; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10087/10165.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

小山, 哲司; コヤマ �. レーザドップラ式流量計による高圧燃料噴射率計測に関する研究 : Study on High Pressure Fuel Injection Rate Measurement with a Flow Rate Meter Based on Laser Doppler Anemometer. [Thesis]. Gunma University / 群馬大学; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10087/10165

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

29. Grannell, Shawn. The Operating Features of a Stoichiometric, Ammonia and Gasoline Dual Fueled Spark Ignition Engine.

Degree: PhD, Applied Physics, 2008, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/61689

► An overall stoichiometric mixture of air, gaseous ammonia and gasoline was metered into a single cylinder, variable compression ratio, supercharged CFR engine at varying ratios… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Ammonia Fuel Spark Ignition Engine Gasoline Efficiency Emissions; Engineering

…engine = 18600 Joules per gram = 0.625 Liters Variables: bc .......... Gasoline fraction on a… …calculated from the gasoline mass flow, gasoline lower heating value, engine speed, and displaced… …engine speed, and displaced volume. Total specific fuel input = specific gasoline input… …gasoline was metered into a single cylinder, variable compression ratio, supercharged CFR engine… …conditions than does a gasoline-fueled engine. An ammonia fueled engine produces more nitric oxide…

8 more images…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Grannell, S. (2008). The Operating Features of a Stoichiometric, Ammonia and Gasoline Dual Fueled Spark Ignition Engine. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/61689

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Grannell, Shawn. “The Operating Features of a Stoichiometric, Ammonia and Gasoline Dual Fueled Spark Ignition Engine.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/61689.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Grannell, Shawn. “The Operating Features of a Stoichiometric, Ammonia and Gasoline Dual Fueled Spark Ignition Engine.” 2008. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Grannell S. The Operating Features of a Stoichiometric, Ammonia and Gasoline Dual Fueled Spark Ignition Engine. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2008. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/61689.

Council of Science Editors:

Grannell S. The Operating Features of a Stoichiometric, Ammonia and Gasoline Dual Fueled Spark Ignition Engine. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/61689

30. Silva, Antonio Pedro Meixedo Santos. Estudo da influência de um sistema HHO no desempenho de um motor de combustão interna.

Degree: 2016, Instituto Politécnico do Porto

URL: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:recipp.ipp.pt:10400.22/9949

► Com a exagerada dependência dos combustíveis fósseis que são finitos, necessitamos de alternativas energéticas que possam ser utilizados. Mas enquanto essas alternativas não chegam (o… (more)

▼ Com a exagerada dependência dos combustíveis fósseis que são finitos, necessitamos de alternativas energéticas que possam ser utilizados. Mas enquanto essas alternativas não chegam (o tempo de maturação é bastante longo) pode ser feita uma outra abordagem no sentido da redução do consumo nos sistemas de propulsão já existentes (como exemplo os motores a gasolina) fazendo com que seja necessário menos combustível ou pelo aumento da sua eficiência. Pela, dir-se-ia excessiva, dependência que fomos criando no uso dos combustíveis fósseis, estes são por excelência os que mais poderão afetar o futuro do planeta, por um lado pela dependência, mas por outro pela poluição imensa que o seu uso provoca. Há vários anos que existem diversos projetos de aplicação de outros tipos de energia como por exemplo a solar, a eólica, a mare motriz, o gás natural (fóssil) e o hidrogénio. Alguns deles têm já um período de gestação muito longo e estão, por isso, em utilização com resultados expressivos. Outros ainda não foram postos em prática apesar dos avanços que já existem. Todos sabemos que estas novas fontes de energia, consideradas renováveis, levarão muito tempo para substituir as já existentes, sobretudo pelo elevado custo de substituição de todos os sistemas e equipamentos instalados. Enquanto este processo avança, é importante gastar menos e melhor a energia das fontes não renováveis. O aumento da eficiência dos motores de combustão interna é fulcral nesta fase e é perseguido pelos construtores de motores. O hidrogénio contido na molécula de água é o que vai ser alvo deste estudo. O uso do hidrogénio (contido na água) como combustível tem vindo a ganhar interesse desde há algumas décadas e existem ensaios um pouco por todo o mundo (a internet permite-nos conhecê-los com facilidade) mas, por não ter encontrado estudo científico que os valide, apresenta-se este trabalho. O facto de o hidrogénio ter uma capacidade calorifica muito grande, cerca de 4 vezes superior ao da gasolina, faz com que se deseje o seu uso. Por outro lado, o perigo de explosão está sempre patente. Mas este perigo reside no armazenamento do hidrogénio e não no seu uso. O objeto deste trabalho é testar um sistema (aparelho) que produz uma pequena quantidade de hidrogénio ou melhor que separa o hidrogénio do oxigénio, fazendo que esses dois gases sejam introduzidos na admissão do motor de combustão interna, montado num banco de ensaio, e analisar os ganhos que são apregoados pelo fabricante desse mesmo aparelho. O aparelho é ligado ao sistema elétrico do automóvel e o resultado da eletrolise (que serão moléculas de hidrogénio e oxigénio) vai ser misturada no ar de admissão. Pretende-se validar se a inclusão destes gases diretamente na admissão vão fazer com que o motor consuma menos gasolina. O motor está ligado a um banco de potência para que se possa variar as condições de carga e desta forma obter o máximo de resultados com variações de rotação e de carga de acelerador. Foram feitos testes exaustivos com diferentes combinações tendo sempre o cuidado de afastar o… Advisors/Committee Members: Ferreira, Fernando José.

Subjects/Keywords: Hidrogénio; HHO; Oxigénio; Motor a gasolina; Combustível alternativo; Melhoria da combustão; Banco de potência; Weinlich; HHO hydrogen; Oxygen; Gasoline engine; Alternative fuel; Improving combustion; Power seat; Gestão Industrial

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Silva, A. P. M. S. (2016). Estudo da influência de um sistema HHO no desempenho de um motor de combustão interna. (Thesis). Instituto Politécnico do Porto. Retrieved from http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:recipp.ipp.pt:10400.22/9949

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Silva, Antonio Pedro Meixedo Santos. “Estudo da influência de um sistema HHO no desempenho de um motor de combustão interna.” 2016. Thesis, Instituto Politécnico do Porto. Accessed March 03, 2021. http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:recipp.ipp.pt:10400.22/9949.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Silva, Antonio Pedro Meixedo Santos. “Estudo da influência de um sistema HHO no desempenho de um motor de combustão interna.” 2016. Web. 03 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Silva APMS. Estudo da influência de um sistema HHO no desempenho de um motor de combustão interna. [Internet] [Thesis]. Instituto Politécnico do Porto; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 03]. Available from: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:recipp.ipp.pt:10400.22/9949.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Silva APMS. Estudo da influência de um sistema HHO no desempenho de um motor de combustão interna. [Thesis]. Instituto Politécnico do Porto; 2016. Available from: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:recipp.ipp.pt:10400.22/9949

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations