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West Virginia University
1.
Phillips, John Adam.
Investigation of Particle Measurement in Different Dilution Ratios with Gasoline Direct Injection and Port Fuel Injection.
Degree: MS, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2020, West Virginia University
URL: https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.7815 
;
https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/7815
► Ambient air quality has been a concern in the United States since the mid-1900’s, forcing legislations like the Air Pollution Control Act and Clean…
(more)
▼ Ambient air quality has been a concern in the United States since the mid-1900’s, forcing legislations like the Air Pollution Control Act and Clean Air Act necessary to bring focus on air pollution and quality. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) continues to update the requirements for more efficient vehicles and emissions sampling methods. Today the EPA has implemented regulations on modern spark ignited engines without any major focus on the type of
injection technologies being used. While particle matter (PM) is a requirement to measure for a vehicle certification, more research should focus on the particle number (PN) measurements that are required for vehicle certification in the European Union. This study explores the results of an experimental setup that measures particle data within multiple simultaneous dilution ratio sampling environments. In addition to different dilution ratios, two types of
injection strategies were examined and included
gasoline direct injected (GDI) and port fuel injected (PFI). The emphasis of the study was the comparison of real time particle number and mass concentration to highlight
injection technologies effect on particles. Furthermore, this research analyzed and compared the results in separate dilutions environments to evaluate sampling from a high dilution ratio and determine whether this was an acceptable sampling method. As engine technology, such as GDI, becomes the prominent method of
injection and PFI continues to be utilized, methods of soot measurement should be improved to measure near 0.01 mg/m
3. The PN measurements should be considered in addition to current PM regulation with PN concentrations measured above 1x10
7 cm
-3 during transient test conditions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gregory Thompson, Derek Johnson.
Subjects/Keywords: Gasoline Direct Injection; Particle Measurement; Port Fuel Injection; Automotive Engineering
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APA (6th Edition):
Phillips, J. A. (2020). Investigation of Particle Measurement in Different Dilution Ratios with Gasoline Direct Injection and Port Fuel Injection. (Thesis). West Virginia University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.7815 ; https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/7815
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Phillips, John Adam. “Investigation of Particle Measurement in Different Dilution Ratios with Gasoline Direct Injection and Port Fuel Injection.” 2020. Thesis, West Virginia University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.7815 ; https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/7815.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Phillips, John Adam. “Investigation of Particle Measurement in Different Dilution Ratios with Gasoline Direct Injection and Port Fuel Injection.” 2020. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Phillips JA. Investigation of Particle Measurement in Different Dilution Ratios with Gasoline Direct Injection and Port Fuel Injection. [Internet] [Thesis]. West Virginia University; 2020. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.7815 ; https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/7815.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Phillips JA. Investigation of Particle Measurement in Different Dilution Ratios with Gasoline Direct Injection and Port Fuel Injection. [Thesis]. West Virginia University; 2020. Available from: https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.7815 ; https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/7815
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Michigan Technological University
2.
Menucci, Tyler.
DEVELOPMENT OF BOSCH RATE OF INJECTION MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE AND RESULTS.
Degree: MS, Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, 2018, Michigan Technological University
URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/605
► Recent developments in internal combustion engine technology have shown that gasoline compression ignition (GCI) combustion modes provide a viable pathway to meet future emission…
(more)
▼ Recent developments in internal combustion engine technology have shown that
gasoline compression ignition (GCI) combustion modes provide a viable pathway to meet future emission regulations. Lower octane middle distillate
gasoline like fuels have also been formulated for GCI combustion applications and have shown similar benefits of improved fuel conversion efficiency and a reduction in particulate matter and nitrogen oxide emissions. As these
gasoline like GCI fuels have not been well studied, characterization of their rate of
injection (ROI) will be beneficial to supplement injector spray characterization measurements and the development of computational fluid dynamic simulations. A fuel collection method and data processing technique were defined to develop a measurement procedure for making rate of
injection measurements with a Bosch type rate of
injection (ROI) rig. The measurement procedure was developed to quantify the ROI for both heavy duty (HD) and light duty (LD) injector applications.
The HD studies included ROI measurements using an Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) and a research octane number (RON) 60
gasoline compression ignition (GCI) fuel. Rate of
injection measurements for the HD fuels were obtained with an eight-hole high pressure common rail diesel Cummins XPI injector and electronic
injection durations were successfully calibrated to provide a desired fuel quantity per
injection. Single-hole ROI measurements were also made with a Cummins XPI injector designed to provide one-eighth of the flow of the multi-hole injector. These single-hole ROI measurements were used to supplement injector spray characterization data in an optically accessible combustion vessel.
The LD studies characterized ROI measurements of a custom ten-hole Bosch HDEV5
gasoline direct injection (GDI) injector. The LD fuels studied were a premium octane CARB LEV III 10% ethanol (E10) certification
gasoline and a RON 70 GCI fuel. These LD studies were conducted to compare the RON 70 GCI fuel’s ROI characteristics to those of the premium octane CARB LEV III E10 certification
gasoline. Average trends showed higher rates of
injection and total mass per
injection for the premium octane E10 cert
gasoline and was attributed to the higher density of the fuel. Conclusions were also made that the higher viscosity of the E10 cert
gasoline provided longer injector opening delays when compared to the RON 70 GCI fuel.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jeffrey Naber.
Subjects/Keywords: rate of injection; gasoline direct injection; injection rate characteristics; Other Mechanical Engineering
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APA (6th Edition):
Menucci, T. (2018). DEVELOPMENT OF BOSCH RATE OF INJECTION MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE AND RESULTS. (Masters Thesis). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/605
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Menucci, Tyler. “DEVELOPMENT OF BOSCH RATE OF INJECTION MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE AND RESULTS.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Michigan Technological University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/605.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Menucci, Tyler. “DEVELOPMENT OF BOSCH RATE OF INJECTION MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE AND RESULTS.” 2018. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Menucci T. DEVELOPMENT OF BOSCH RATE OF INJECTION MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE AND RESULTS. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2018. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/605.
Council of Science Editors:
Menucci T. DEVELOPMENT OF BOSCH RATE OF INJECTION MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE AND RESULTS. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2018. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/605
The Ohio State University
3.
Shivaprasad, Shreyas.
Model Based Investigation of Lean Gasoline PM and NOx
Control.
Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2014, The Ohio State University
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408970125
► A flexible model-based vehicle platform was developed with all the appropriate aftertreatment components and sensors for a GDI engine having the ability to perform diagnostic…
(more)
▼ A flexible model-based vehicle platform was developed
with all the appropriate aftertreatment components and sensors for
a GDI engine having the ability to perform diagnostic analysis.
This model was developed by integrating aftertreatment and sensor
models available in the public domain to develop a platform capable
of running different drive cycles and scaling across different
vehicle platforms with minor changes. Faults were identified for
each system and the model was added with the capability to inject
those faults to analyze the ability of the sensor set to diagnose
those faults. Results have been presented representing the working
of the model when the faults are injected. A Design of Experiments
(DOE) study was conducted to explore the design space of the GPF
and understand the impact of the design parameters on the
performance of the filter. It was concluded from the study that
smaller filters can be used due to low soot loading and soot can be
regenerated passively without any need for external heating. It was
observed that ash loading in the filter may be a critical issue
during the long run.
Advisors/Committee Members: Midlam-Mohler, Shawn (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Mechanical Engineering; Automotive Engineering; Gasoline direct injection , Lean NOx trap , Particulate
matter , Gasoline particulate filter
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APA (6th Edition):
Shivaprasad, S. (2014). Model Based Investigation of Lean Gasoline PM and NOx
Control. (Masters Thesis). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408970125
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Shivaprasad, Shreyas. “Model Based Investigation of Lean Gasoline PM and NOx
Control.” 2014. Masters Thesis, The Ohio State University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408970125.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Shivaprasad, Shreyas. “Model Based Investigation of Lean Gasoline PM and NOx
Control.” 2014. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Shivaprasad S. Model Based Investigation of Lean Gasoline PM and NOx
Control. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. The Ohio State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408970125.
Council of Science Editors:
Shivaprasad S. Model Based Investigation of Lean Gasoline PM and NOx
Control. [Masters Thesis]. The Ohio State University; 2014. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408970125
Carnegie Mellon University
4.
Saliba, Georges.
Emissions and Climate Impacts of Aerosol Emissions from Cookstoves and Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicles.
Degree: 2018, Carnegie Mellon University
URL: http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1126
► Anthropogenic gas- and particle-phase emissions affect the climate by absorbing and scattering radiation, and have been linked to adverse health effects. Black carbon (BC), a…
(more)
▼ Anthropogenic gas- and particle-phase emissions affect the climate by absorbing and scattering radiation, and have been linked to adverse health effects. Black carbon (BC), a by-product of incomplete combustion, is the most potent light-absorbing component of atmospheric aerosols, with a top-of-the atmosphere direct radiative forcing estimated to be only second to CO2. However, there is a large uncertainty associated with BC’s total direct and indirect radiative forcings due to uncertain source emissions and optical properties and complex interactions with clouds. In this dissertation we investigate the direct radiative impact of two of the most important sources of BC particles: biofuel combustion and vehicles. Together these sources contribute around 40% of the global atmospheric BC burden. Recently, both of these energy sources are undergoing rapid technology changes, and the climate impacts from the emissions of these newly adopted technologies remain uncertain. We also investigate the role of atmospheric processing on the optical properties and growth rates of particles. This dissertation first assesses the climate impacts of aerosol emissions of two rapidly emerging technologies: improved cookstoves and gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles. We performed extensive measurements of gas- and particle emissions and optical properties of emissions from both these sources. Our data suggests that improved rocket cookstoves have, on average, a factor of two lower particulate matter (PM) emissions compared to traditional cookstoves but only a 4% climate benefits associated with their emissions. In contrast, we estimated a 30% climate benefit from switching traditional cookstoves to gasifier ones. Of all the stoves tested, charcoal stoves had the lowest emissions and climate impacts. Our data suggests the widespread deployment of improved cookstoves to replace existing, inefficient, traditional cookstoves will likely result in health and climate co-benefits. Similarly, we estimated that the rapid adoption of GDI vehicles to replace existing port fuel injection (PFI) vehicles will likely result in reduced warming from emissions. This is due to the higher fuel economy of GDI engines; we measured an average CO2 reduction of 57 g/mi, from switching engine technologies. GDI engine emissions had higher PM emissions compared to PFI engines, similar to previous findings. In addition, our data suggests that newer GDI engines have a factor of two lower PM emissions compared to older GDI engines. These improvements in emissions may enable GDI-equipped vehicles to meet the new Federal Tier 3 PM standard of 3.0 mg/mi without gasoline particulate filters (GPF, which would reduce their fuel economy). To better constrain the large uncertainty of radiative forcing associated with cookstove emissions, this dissertation examines emissions and optical properties from several cookstove and fuel combinations. We performed extensive laboratory measurements of the optical properties of fresh cookstove emissions using the newly developed…
Subjects/Keywords: Cookstoves; gasoline direct injection; Growth rates; Mie theory; Optical properties; Vehicles
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APA (6th Edition):
Saliba, G. (2018). Emissions and Climate Impacts of Aerosol Emissions from Cookstoves and Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicles. (Thesis). Carnegie Mellon University. Retrieved from http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1126
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Saliba, Georges. “Emissions and Climate Impacts of Aerosol Emissions from Cookstoves and Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicles.” 2018. Thesis, Carnegie Mellon University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1126.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Saliba, Georges. “Emissions and Climate Impacts of Aerosol Emissions from Cookstoves and Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicles.” 2018. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Saliba G. Emissions and Climate Impacts of Aerosol Emissions from Cookstoves and Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicles. [Internet] [Thesis]. Carnegie Mellon University; 2018. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1126.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Saliba G. Emissions and Climate Impacts of Aerosol Emissions from Cookstoves and Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicles. [Thesis]. Carnegie Mellon University; 2018. Available from: http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1126
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Alberta
5.
Momenimovahed, Ali.
Measuring Vehicle Particle Emission Factors: Applications
and Techniques.
Degree: PhD, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2014, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/6t053h49m
► The experimental work described in this thesis was conducted to study the particulate emissions from different automotive applications. The effect of fuel choice (gasoline vs.…
(more)
▼ The experimental work described in this thesis was
conducted to study the particulate emissions from different
automotive applications. The effect of fuel choice (gasoline vs.
liquefied petroleum gas, LPG) on particle emissions from passenger
vehicles was studied. It was shown LPG produces 5 times and 2 times
less particles than gasoline in terms of number and mass emission
factors, respectively. The effect of engine technology (2-stroke
vs. 4-stroke) was also evaluated on particulate emissions from two
wheelers. The particle emission factors from two wheelers were also
compared with the values for passenger vehicles. It was found that
two wheelers produce more particles than passenger vehicles on a
per kilometer basis and they should be regulated in terms of
particulate emissions as proposed for light duty vehicles. The
effects of fuel choice and exhaust aftertreatment were also studied
on diesel and CNG transit buses. It was shown that either CNG
conversion or diesel particulate filters can improve the particle
number emission factors relative to diesel buses. The feasibility
and the accuracy of using an effective density function to measure
the particle mass emission factor using particle size distributions
for GDI vehicles was also examined. It is recommended that the size
distribution effective density function method can be used with an
uncertainty of 20% but only for the non-volatile fraction of the
particles.
Subjects/Keywords: gasoline direct injection; effective density; transit bus; Particulate emissions
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APA (6th Edition):
Momenimovahed, A. (2014). Measuring Vehicle Particle Emission Factors: Applications
and Techniques. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/6t053h49m
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Momenimovahed, Ali. “Measuring Vehicle Particle Emission Factors: Applications
and Techniques.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Alberta. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/6t053h49m.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Momenimovahed, Ali. “Measuring Vehicle Particle Emission Factors: Applications
and Techniques.” 2014. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Momenimovahed A. Measuring Vehicle Particle Emission Factors: Applications
and Techniques. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/6t053h49m.
Council of Science Editors:
Momenimovahed A. Measuring Vehicle Particle Emission Factors: Applications
and Techniques. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2014. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/6t053h49m
University of Toronto
6.
Singh, Abhikaran.
Effect of the Seasonal Changes in Fuel Composition on Particulate Matter Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine.
Degree: 2018, University of Toronto
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/91752
► The Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC) found that black carbons (BC) concentrations were significantly higher in summer than in winter, which could be…
(more)
▼ The Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC) found that black carbons (BC) concentrations were significantly higher in summer than in winter, which could be attributed to the seasonal variations in fuel composition. This experimental study investigated the impact of fuel seasonal changes on particulate matter (PM) emissions using a Ford Focus wall-guided GDI engine. Fuels from five public gas stations having octane rating of 87 and 91 were analyzed and tested. This study demonstrated that summer fuels contained higher aromatics than winter fuels which led to higher PM emissions and BC concentrations during steady state and transient state conditions. Moreover, the removal of ethanol content resulted in lower PM emissions and BC concentrations during steady state conditions. This study suggested that an increase in aromatics in summer fuels could be root cause for higher BC concentrations, however, similar study should be performed in other engines to support this conclusion.
M.A.S.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wallace, James S, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering.
Subjects/Keywords: Black Carbon; Gasoline Direct Injection Engine; organic Carbon; Particulate Emissions; 0540
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APA (6th Edition):
Singh, A. (2018). Effect of the Seasonal Changes in Fuel Composition on Particulate Matter Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine. (Masters Thesis). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/91752
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Singh, Abhikaran. “Effect of the Seasonal Changes in Fuel Composition on Particulate Matter Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine.” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of Toronto. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1807/91752.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Singh, Abhikaran. “Effect of the Seasonal Changes in Fuel Composition on Particulate Matter Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine.” 2018. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Singh A. Effect of the Seasonal Changes in Fuel Composition on Particulate Matter Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Toronto; 2018. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/91752.
Council of Science Editors:
Singh A. Effect of the Seasonal Changes in Fuel Composition on Particulate Matter Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine. [Masters Thesis]. University of Toronto; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/91752
7.
Ramos, Manuel José Matos Graça.
Sources of Particulate Matter Emissions Variability from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine.
Degree: 2015, University of Toronto
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/69150
► Ultrafine particulate matter (PM) emissions from gasoline direct injection engines are a concern due to their associated health effects. This experimental study investigated sources of…
(more)
▼ Ultrafine particulate matter (PM) emissions from gasoline direct injection engines are a concern due to their associated health effects. This experimental study investigated sources of PM emissions variability observed in previous work, along with the effect of ethanol content in gasoline on PM emissions. Engine operating parameters and test conditions were studied and controlled, but could not account for the level of variability observed. FTIR measurements of gas phase hydrocarbon emissions provided evidence that fuel composition changes were responsible for this variability. Exhaust emissions of toluene and isobutylene were interpreted as markers of gasoline aromatic content and gasoline volatility, respectively. Tests with gasoline containing added toluene (10%) supported this hypothesis and showed that the PM emissions variability can be attributed to changes in the composition of the pump gasoline. Tests with gasoline containing added ethanol (10% and 30%) increased PM emissions at steady-state operation and decreased emissions during engine start-up.
M.A.S.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wallace, James S, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering.
Subjects/Keywords: Emissions; Ethanol; Gasoline Direct Injection; GDI; Particulate Matter; SIDI; 0548
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APA (6th Edition):
Ramos, M. J. M. G. (2015). Sources of Particulate Matter Emissions Variability from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine. (Masters Thesis). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/69150
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ramos, Manuel José Matos Graça. “Sources of Particulate Matter Emissions Variability from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Toronto. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1807/69150.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ramos, Manuel José Matos Graça. “Sources of Particulate Matter Emissions Variability from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine.” 2015. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Ramos MJMG. Sources of Particulate Matter Emissions Variability from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Toronto; 2015. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/69150.
Council of Science Editors:
Ramos MJMG. Sources of Particulate Matter Emissions Variability from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine. [Masters Thesis]. University of Toronto; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/69150
University of Oxford
8.
Xu, Fan.
Experimental research on particulate matter emissions from gasoline direct injection engines.
Degree: PhD, 2012, University of Oxford
URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:308fc929-a747-4793-8d90-1d5bf81fae5d
;
http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580961
► As the legislation on vehicle emissions is becoming more and more stringent, increasing attention has been paid to the fine particles emitted by diesel and…
(more)
▼ As the legislation on vehicle emissions is becoming more and more stringent, increasing attention has been paid to the fine particles emitted by diesel and gasoline vehicles. The high number emission of fine particles has been shown to have a large impact on the atmospheric environment and human health. Researchers have shown that gasoline engines, especially Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines, tend to emit large amounts of small size particles compared to Port Fuel Injection (PFI) gasoline engines and diesel engines fitted with Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs). As a result, the particle number emissions of GDI engines will be restricted by the EU6 legislation. The particulate emission level of GDI engines means that they would face some challenges in meeting the EU6 requirement. This thesis undertakes research in the following area. Firstly, the filtration efficiencies of glass fibre filters were quantified using a Cambustion Differential Mobility Spectrometer 500 (DMS500) to see if all of the particles from the sampled gas can be collected by the filters. Secondly, various valve timings and different injection modes such as double injection with a second injection after compression, single early injection and split early injection were implemented to measure the Particulate Matter (PM) emissions and combustion characteristics of a GDI engine under warm-up operating conditions. Thirdly, the techniques for removing volatile particles were investigated using a catalytic Volatile Particle Remover (VPR) and an Evaporation Tube (ET) with hot air dilution under various test conditions. The results show that for the glass fibre filters tested here, the transmission efficiencies of the particles are very low, indicating that PM sampling using fibre filters is an effective method of studying the particulate emissions from the engine. Particle number emissions using double injection with injection after compression were much higher than those with single injection during the intake stroke. Under 1200 rpm, 110 Nm cold engine operation, no reduction effect on PM emissions was shown by using split intake injection to further facilitate homogeneous mixture formation compared with single intake injection. Valve timings showed moderate effects on particulate emissions. Properly adjusted timing for exhaust valve closure led to reduced particulate emissions by a factor of about 2 and the combustion characteristics were not adversely affected much. The VPR temperature and exhaust residence time did not show much effect on the catalytic VPR performance once the mass flow rate of exhaust was above 0.09 g/s. Generally, the transmission efficiencies of the VPR follow the trends of the scaled PMP counting efficiency specification. Hot air dilution is effective in reducing the small size particles. At 23 nm, the transmission efficiencies are within the error range of the PMP specification. The catalytic VPR and the Evaporation Tube were all found to be effective in reducing the particle number of small size (nucleation mode)…
Subjects/Keywords: 621.43; Combustion; Gasoline Direct Injection; Emissions; Particulate Matter
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Xu, F. (2012). Experimental research on particulate matter emissions from gasoline direct injection engines. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:308fc929-a747-4793-8d90-1d5bf81fae5d ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580961
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Xu, Fan. “Experimental research on particulate matter emissions from gasoline direct injection engines.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:308fc929-a747-4793-8d90-1d5bf81fae5d ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580961.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Xu, Fan. “Experimental research on particulate matter emissions from gasoline direct injection engines.” 2012. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Xu F. Experimental research on particulate matter emissions from gasoline direct injection engines. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:308fc929-a747-4793-8d90-1d5bf81fae5d ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580961.
Council of Science Editors:
Xu F. Experimental research on particulate matter emissions from gasoline direct injection engines. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2012. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:308fc929-a747-4793-8d90-1d5bf81fae5d ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580961
9.
Pellegrino, Federico.
System Simulation of Combustion in Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engines : Simulation système de la combustion dans les moteurs à allumage commandé à injection directe.
Degree: Docteur es, Combustion, 2019, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE)
URL: http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC075
► La présence de contraintes de plus en plus strictes sur les émissions de polluants on poussé les contruteurs vers l'injection directe essence (IDE), afin d'améliorer…
(more)
▼ La présence de contraintes de plus en plus strictes sur les émissions de polluants on poussé les contruteurs vers l'injection directe essence (IDE), afin d'améliorer les performances et réduire la consommation de carburant et les émissions des moteurs à combustion interne. Par conséquent, de nouveaux défis sont introduits en termes d'optimisation de la combustion, en raison d'une plus complexe phénomenologie tandis que les modéles système demande des paramètres de calibration supplémentaires.Cette thèse présente le développement et la validation d'un modèle zéro-dimensionnel (0D) de combustion en IDE pour application en simulation système. Le modèle proposé détaille la physique de l'atomisation, et évaporation des gouttes, de la préparation du mélange air/carburant, de la propagation de flamme dans un mélange non-homogène ainsi que l'intéraction entre ces phénomènes.La phase liquide est discretisés en paquets groupant des gouttes de la même taille.Un modèle d'atomisation empirique basé sur la vitesse d'injection, les propriétés du carburant et les conditions thermodynamiques fournit les diamètres initiaux. Un modèle Lagrangien détaillant une dynamique de trainée/inértie, échange thermique et convection forcée décrit la pénétration liquide et l'evaporation des paquets. La formation du mélange air/carburant est décrite avec une PDF qui discretise la charge en un mécanisme de classes intéragissant les unes avec les autres et avec les paquets de gouttes. La propagation de flamme prend en compte les effets de l'hétérogéneité du mélange sur la vitesse de flamme et la formation des polluants.Le modèle proposé a été implémenté dans la plateforme Simcenter Amesim, dédiée á la modélisation de systémes multi-physiques, et intégrée dans le modèle de combustion essence CFM1D, de la librairie IFP-Engine.Des approche de modélisation de l'evaporation de carburant, de la dynamique de spray et de la formation du mélange, inspirés de la literature sur les moteurs Diesel, ont été adaptés aux conditions IDE.Le modèle a initialement été validé sur des mesures et des simulations RANS 3D réalisées avec le code IFP-C3D, d'une bombe d'injection à volume constant.Un vortex de tumble, dans un premier temps, et des variations rapides du voulume de la chambre ensuite, ont été ajoutés aux expériments numériques afin d'évaluer la réponse du modèle à l'aérodynamique dans la chambre de combustion et à des conditions thermodynamiques variables, en termes d'évaporation, développement du spray et distribution de la richesse. Des simulations d'injections dans un moteur entraîné,dont les résultats ont été comparés avec des mesures et des calculs CDF,complètent la validation du modèle avec à la fois des conditions thermodynamiques variable et de l'aérodynamique.
Future constraints on pollutant emissions pushed car manufacturers towards gasoline direct injection (GDI) technologies to improve engine performances and reduce fuel consumption and emissions. New challenges are then introduced in terms of combustion optimization due to a more complex…
Advisors/Committee Members: Veynante, Denis (thesis director), Dulbecco, Alessio (thesis director).
Subjects/Keywords: Simulation système; Injection directe essence; Combustion; System simulation; Gasoline Direct injection; Combustion
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APA (6th Edition):
Pellegrino, F. (2019). System Simulation of Combustion in Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engines : Simulation système de la combustion dans les moteurs à allumage commandé à injection directe. (Doctoral Dissertation). Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE). Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC075
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Pellegrino, Federico. “System Simulation of Combustion in Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engines : Simulation système de la combustion dans les moteurs à allumage commandé à injection directe.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE). Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC075.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Pellegrino, Federico. “System Simulation of Combustion in Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engines : Simulation système de la combustion dans les moteurs à allumage commandé à injection directe.” 2019. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Pellegrino F. System Simulation of Combustion in Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engines : Simulation système de la combustion dans les moteurs à allumage commandé à injection directe. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE); 2019. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC075.
Council of Science Editors:
Pellegrino F. System Simulation of Combustion in Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engines : Simulation système de la combustion dans les moteurs à allumage commandé à injection directe. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE); 2019. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC075
University of New South Wales
10.
Bao, Yongming.
Effect of injection pressure on ethanol and gasoline sprays in a spark-ignition direct-injection engine.
Degree: Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, 2013, University of New South Wales
URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53399
;
https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:12094/SOURCE02?view=true
► This study aims to clarify the spray development of ethanol, gasoline and iso-octane fuel, delivered by a multi-hole injector and spark-ignition direct-injection (SIDI) fuelling system.…
(more)
▼ This study aims to clarify the spray development of ethanol,
gasoline and iso-octane fuel, delivered by a multi-hole injector and spark-ignition
direct-
injection (SIDI) fuelling system. The focus is on how fuel properties and
injection pressure impact temporal and spatial evolution of sprays at various ambient conditions. Two optical facilities were used: (1) a constant-flow spray chamber simulating cold-start conditions and (2) a single-cylinder SIDI engine running at normal, warmed-up operating conditions. In these optical facilities, Mie-scattering imaging is performed to measure penetrations of spray plumes at various
injection pressures of 4, 7, 11 and 15 MPa. Experiments were first performed in the spray chamber to measure the spray tip penetration and penetration rate of ethanol,
gasoline and iso-octane. It is observed that at 4 MPa
injection pressure, the tip penetration length of ethanol sprays is shorter than that of
gasoline sprays, likely due to lower
injection velocity and increased nozzle loss associated with higher density and increased viscosity of ethanol, respectively. This assertion is further supported by the longest penetration length of iso-octane that has the lowest density among tested fuels and similar viscosity to
gasoline. At higher
injection pressure of 7 and 11 MPa, the penetration length difference between ethanol and
gasoline sprays decreases and eventually ethanol sprays show a longer penetration length than that of
gasoline sprays at the highest
injection pressure of 15 MPa. This reversed trend is possibly because the penetration regime is changed such that the tip penetration is limited by aerodynamic drag force applied to fuel droplets, instead of the
injection velocity or nozzle loss of the liquid jet. It is suggested that with increasing
injection pressure, the fuel jet atomisation and droplet breakup enhance and therefore the lower aerodynamic drag associated with higher droplet size of ethanol sprays than that of
gasoline sprays leads to a longer penetration length. The same trends of spray penetrations of ethanol,
gasoline, and iso-octane are observed in the warmed optical engine with overall higher tip penetration length than that in the cold spray chamber primarily due to decreased air density and increased fuel temperature. In the same warmed optical engine, the effect of
injection pressure on the structural transformation of flash-boiling sprays of
gasoline and ethanol is investigated for two fuel
injection timings of 90 and 300 crank angle degrees after top dead centre, corresponding to low and high ambient pressure conditions, respectively. The macroscopic spray structure was quantified using spray tip penetrations, spray spreading angles and spray areas. From the measurements, it is found that fuel sprays injected at the earlier
injection timing, when the vapour pressure of the fuel is higher than the ambient pressure, show the convergence of the spray plumes towards the injector axis evidencing the flash-boiling phenomenon. By contrast, fuel injected at the later…
Advisors/Committee Members: Kook, Sanghoon, Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW.
Subjects/Keywords: Ethanol; Gasoline; Iso-octane fuel; Spark-ignition direct-injection (SIDI); Injection pressure; Spray; Fuel economy
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APA (6th Edition):
Bao, Y. (2013). Effect of injection pressure on ethanol and gasoline sprays in a spark-ignition direct-injection engine. (Masters Thesis). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53399 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:12094/SOURCE02?view=true
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bao, Yongming. “Effect of injection pressure on ethanol and gasoline sprays in a spark-ignition direct-injection engine.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of New South Wales. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53399 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:12094/SOURCE02?view=true.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bao, Yongming. “Effect of injection pressure on ethanol and gasoline sprays in a spark-ignition direct-injection engine.” 2013. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Bao Y. Effect of injection pressure on ethanol and gasoline sprays in a spark-ignition direct-injection engine. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of New South Wales; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53399 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:12094/SOURCE02?view=true.
Council of Science Editors:
Bao Y. Effect of injection pressure on ethanol and gasoline sprays in a spark-ignition direct-injection engine. [Masters Thesis]. University of New South Wales; 2013. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53399 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:12094/SOURCE02?view=true
11.
Graves, Brian M.
Characterization of Particulate Matter Morphology and
Volatility for Two Direct-Injection Engines.
Degree: MS, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/qb98mj25q
► Particulate matter emitted from two direct injection engines has been characterized by morphology, volatility, mass-mobility exponent, effective density, and size distribution using tandem measurements from…
(more)
▼ Particulate matter emitted from two direct injection
engines has been characterized by morphology, volatility,
mass-mobility exponent, effective density, and size distribution
using tandem measurements from a centrifugal particle mass analyzer
(CPMA) and differential mobility analyzers (DMA). The engines
consisted of a heavy duty, natural gas, compression ignition engine
fitted with a high pressure direct injection (HPDI) system, and a
four cylinder gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine fueled with
gasoline and ethanol blends. The HPDI engine was tested at six
conditions which varied load, speed, EGR fraction, and fuel
delivery strategy. The GDI was tested at three engine loads at 2250
RPM (4%, 13%, and 26% of maximum load) in addition to an idle
condition, while it was fueled using gasoline mixed with ethanol
fractions of 0% (E0), 10% (E10), and 50% (E50) by volume. An
increase in engine load increased particle number concentration for
both engines, but the GDI idle condition produced approximately as
many particles as at 13% load. An increase in ethanol fraction in
the GDI decreased number concentration, but E10 produced more
particles than E0 at idle and 26% load. HPDI size distributions
were log-normal whereas GDI size distributions were not log-normal
and were instead skewed. The fraction of the number of purely
volatile particles to total number of particles (number volatile
fraction, fN) for the HPDI engine decreased as load increased,
although the low-speed, partially premixed mode had the lowest fN.
The fN for the GDI both overall and as a function of particle
mobility-equivalent diameter was under 10 percent at all engine
conditions and fuels. The size-segregated ratio of the mass of
internally mixed volatile material to total particle mass (fm) was
similarly low for the GDI. The fm for the HPDI was higher; however
it decreased with an increase in load and with particle
mobility-equivalent diameter. HPDI effective density was seen to
collapse to approximately a single line, but engine modes with
higher fm values had slightly higher effective densities suggesting
that the soot structures have collapsed into more dense shapes.
Effective density and mass-mobility exponent for the GDI engine
increased with load. Effective density decreased with an increase
in ethanol fraction and a slight decrease in mass-mobility exponent
was also observed for all conditions except idle. Effective density
trends from both engines were compared to data from other GDI
engines, a port fuel injection engine, and diesels, and the data is
relatively similar between all engine types, with 90% of data
points being within ±27% of a common trend line.
Subjects/Keywords: Ethanol; Natural Gas; Aerosol; Direct Injection; Fuel; Particulate; Gasoline; Volatility; Morphology; Engine; Nanoparticle
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APA (6th Edition):
Graves, B. M. (2015). Characterization of Particulate Matter Morphology and
Volatility for Two Direct-Injection Engines. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/qb98mj25q
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Graves, Brian M. “Characterization of Particulate Matter Morphology and
Volatility for Two Direct-Injection Engines.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/qb98mj25q.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Graves, Brian M. “Characterization of Particulate Matter Morphology and
Volatility for Two Direct-Injection Engines.” 2015. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Graves BM. Characterization of Particulate Matter Morphology and
Volatility for Two Direct-Injection Engines. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2015. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/qb98mj25q.
Council of Science Editors:
Graves BM. Characterization of Particulate Matter Morphology and
Volatility for Two Direct-Injection Engines. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2015. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/qb98mj25q
University of Toronto
12.
Zimmerman, Naomi.
Linking Laboratory Engine Studies to Real-world Observations: Assessing the Air Quality Implications of Gasoline Direct Injection Engines.
Degree: PhD, 2016, University of Toronto
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/77856
► In response to stringent regulations on fleet-average fuel economy, vehicle manufacturers have increasingly replaced port fuel injection (PFI) engines with gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines.…
(more)
▼ In response to stringent regulations on fleet-average fuel economy, vehicle manufacturers have increasingly replaced port fuel injection (PFI) engines with gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. These engines emit substantial quantities of ultrafine particulate matter (PM) and black carbon (BC) which is of concern due to their associated health and climate effects, respectively. This thesis investigated GDI emissions, with a focus on the particle phase, in both laboratory and real-world environments to help understand the air quality impacts of this engine technology. As part of the study, advanced PM measurement techniques were assessed, and a correction protocol for a popular high-time resolution particle sizing instrument needed to accurately measure vehicle exhaust size distributions was developed. A laboratory study to quantify phase-partitioned polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations was also conducted. Compared to PFI engines, GDI engines emitted elevated concentrations of heavy molecular weight PAHs, including benzo(a)pyrene, a PAH with established associations to negative health outcomes. The GDI engine exhaust also had elevated concentrations of the PAHs pyrene and fluoranthene; these PAHs also exhibited the greatest extent of particle-gas partitioning. A study of real-world GDI emissions in an urban environment showed that GDI particle number and BC emissions were in the upper end of the fleet distribution, and that exhaust plumes exhibited dynamic behaviour in the near-road region, with increasing particle number emission factors with increasing distance from the roadway. This behaviour was unique to GDI vehicles, the same effects were not observed for heavy-duty garbage trucks or a PFI-equipped vehicle. Comparing size distributions at different distances from the roadway, rapid particle growth of sub-5 nm soot cores due to condensation of low volatility organic gases, such as pyrene and fluoranthene, was proposed to be the dominant growth mechanism in GDI vehicle exhaust. Comparing laboratory and real-world emission factors, BC emission factors were in good agreement, while real-world particle number emission factors were up to an order of magnitude higher. An estimate of the climate impacts of increased BC relative to fuel savings from GDI also showed that fuel economy gains of up to 12% may be needed to offset the radiative forcing of BC.
2017-07-08 00:00:00
Advisors/Committee Members: Evans, Greg J, Wallace, James S, Chemical Engineering Applied Chemistry.
Subjects/Keywords: air quality; black carbon; emission factors; engine emissions; gasoline direct injection; ultrafine particles; 0542
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Zimmerman, N. (2016). Linking Laboratory Engine Studies to Real-world Observations: Assessing the Air Quality Implications of Gasoline Direct Injection Engines. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/77856
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Zimmerman, Naomi. “Linking Laboratory Engine Studies to Real-world Observations: Assessing the Air Quality Implications of Gasoline Direct Injection Engines.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Toronto. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1807/77856.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Zimmerman, Naomi. “Linking Laboratory Engine Studies to Real-world Observations: Assessing the Air Quality Implications of Gasoline Direct Injection Engines.” 2016. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Zimmerman N. Linking Laboratory Engine Studies to Real-world Observations: Assessing the Air Quality Implications of Gasoline Direct Injection Engines. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Toronto; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/77856.
Council of Science Editors:
Zimmerman N. Linking Laboratory Engine Studies to Real-world Observations: Assessing the Air Quality Implications of Gasoline Direct Injection Engines. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Toronto; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/77856
Michigan Technological University
13.
Miganakallu Narasimhamurthy, Niranjan.
Water Injection and its Impact on Knock Mitigation in Spark Ignited Engines.
Degree: PhD, Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, 2020, Michigan Technological University
URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/997
► One of the limiting factors influencing the improvement of engine efficiency in gasoline engines is engine knock. Several techniques including reduced compression ratio, cooled…
(more)
▼ One of the limiting factors influencing the improvement of engine efficiency in
gasoline engines is engine knock. Several techniques including reduced compression ratio, cooled exhaust gas recirculation, using high premium fuels, late intake valve closing have been used to mitigate knock at different operating regimes. Water due to its higher latent heat of vaporization compared to
gasoline fuel has been used to reduce the charge temperature and mitigate knock. When water is injected into the intake manifold or into the cylinder, it evaporates by exchanging energy from the surrounding mixture resulting in charge cooling. This allows the engine to be run with advanced spark timing without engine knock resulting in better engine performance. With this motive, the impact of water
injection on the combustion characteristics of
gasoline direct injection engine was investigated.
The research was conducted in three parts. First, an analytical model was developed using the principles of thermodynamics to determine the impact of
direct water
injection on the cycle efficiency. An ideal thermodynamic cycle with constant volume heat addition was considered for the analysis consisting of air, fuel and water mixture. State properties of the mixture were determined at different points in the thermodynamic cycle and efficiency was calculated. This established a baseline on the amount of water that can be injected into the cylinder and its impact on the overall cycle efficiency. This was followed by spray studies on a spray and combustion vessel that were conducted at engine conditions by varying the ambient conditions to determine the vaporization of water and water methanol sprays. This study gives a comparison of the amount of water that can be vaporized from the thermodynamic model. Experimental studies were conducted on a single cylinder engine with a compression ratio of 10.9:1. Baseline tests without water
injection were run using
gasoline fuel blended with 10% Ethanol (E10) (Anti-Knock Index = 87.0) injected directly into the cylinder. Impact of water
injection was studied by injecting water and blends of water and methanol in the intake manifold at different water fuel ratios within controlled knock limit. Furthermore,
injection mechanism was changed to
direct water
injection and tests were conducted at the same conditions to compare the effect of water
injection mechanism on the combustion and knock performance.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jeffrey Naber.
Subjects/Keywords: Gasoline Direct Injection; Combustion Knock; Water Injection; Water Alcohol Blends; Spray Studies; Optical Diagnostic Techniques; Energy Systems; Heat Transfer, Combustion
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APA (6th Edition):
Miganakallu Narasimhamurthy, N. (2020). Water Injection and its Impact on Knock Mitigation in Spark Ignited Engines. (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/997
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Miganakallu Narasimhamurthy, Niranjan. “Water Injection and its Impact on Knock Mitigation in Spark Ignited Engines.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan Technological University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/997.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Miganakallu Narasimhamurthy, Niranjan. “Water Injection and its Impact on Knock Mitigation in Spark Ignited Engines.” 2020. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Miganakallu Narasimhamurthy N. Water Injection and its Impact on Knock Mitigation in Spark Ignited Engines. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2020. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/997.
Council of Science Editors:
Miganakallu Narasimhamurthy N. Water Injection and its Impact on Knock Mitigation in Spark Ignited Engines. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2020. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/997
14.
小山, 哲司; コヤマ, テツジ.
レーザドップラ式流量計による高圧燃料噴射率計測に関する研究 : Study on High Pressure Fuel Injection Rate Measurement with a Flow Rate Meter Based on Laser Doppler Anemometer.
Degree: 博士（工学）, 2016, Gunma University / 群馬大学
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10087/10165
学位記番号：工博甲508号
Subjects/Keywords: Gasoline Direct injection engine; Fuel Injection; Fuel Injection Rate; Laser Doppler Anemometry
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APA (6th Edition):
小山, 哲司; コヤマ, . (2016). レーザドップラ式流量計による高圧燃料噴射率計測に関する研究 : Study on High Pressure Fuel Injection Rate Measurement with a Flow Rate Meter Based on Laser Doppler Anemometer. (Thesis). Gunma University / 群馬大学. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10087/10165
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
小山, 哲司; コヤマ, テツジ. “レーザドップラ式流量計による高圧燃料噴射率計測に関する研究 : Study on High Pressure Fuel Injection Rate Measurement with a Flow Rate Meter Based on Laser Doppler Anemometer.” 2016. Thesis, Gunma University / 群馬大学. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10087/10165.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
小山, 哲司; コヤマ, テツジ. “レーザドップラ式流量計による高圧燃料噴射率計測に関する研究 : Study on High Pressure Fuel Injection Rate Measurement with a Flow Rate Meter Based on Laser Doppler Anemometer.” 2016. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
小山, 哲司; コヤマ . レーザドップラ式流量計による高圧燃料噴射率計測に関する研究 : Study on High Pressure Fuel Injection Rate Measurement with a Flow Rate Meter Based on Laser Doppler Anemometer. [Internet] [Thesis]. Gunma University / 群馬大学; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10087/10165.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
小山, 哲司; コヤマ . レーザドップラ式流量計による高圧燃料噴射率計測に関する研究 : Study on High Pressure Fuel Injection Rate Measurement with a Flow Rate Meter Based on Laser Doppler Anemometer. [Thesis]. Gunma University / 群馬大学; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10087/10165
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of California – Riverside
15.
Short, Daniel.
Investigation of Particle and Gaseous Emissions from Conventional and Emerging Vehicle Technologies Operating on Bio-Fuels.
Degree: Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 2014, University of California – Riverside
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4nt6d3x2
► Light-duty vehicles emit gaseous and particle emissions that have the ability to effect climate, human health, and air quality. Vehicle technologies are changing rapidly due…
(more)
▼ Light-duty vehicles emit gaseous and particle emissions that have the ability to effect climate, human health, and air quality. Vehicle technologies are changing rapidly due to the need to increase fuel efficiency. The use of biofuels (i.e., ethanol and iso-butanol) may increase due to the desire to reduce the use of fossil fuels. The changes in fuels and vehicle technologies may change the resulting emissions and need to be assessed. For instance, the water-soluble and water-insoluble particle composition could have detrimental health effects. This dissertation investigates the emissions of PM and gaseous emissions from current and emerging vehicle technologies. The first section of the dissertation discusses a novel technique developed to determine the real-time Water-Insoluble Mass (WIM) fractions of vehicle emissions. The technique is then implemented in the following sections to infer the WIM fraction of vehicle emissions. The next section investigated the PM emissions from a number of hybrid, PFI, and GDI vehicle technologies on ranging aromatic concentrations and octane rating. The next section evaluated the gaseous and particulate emissions from PFI and GDI vehicles on varying concentrations of ethanol and iso-butanol fuels. Ethanol concentration ranged from E10 to E20 and iso-butanol fuels ranged from B16 to B32. The last section of this dissertation examined the gaseous and particle emissions from GDI and FFV technologies from vary concentrations of ethanol and iso-butanol fuels. For the GDI vehicles, ethanol concentration ranging from E10 to E20 and iso-butanol concentrations of B16 to B32 were used. The FFVs used ethanol concentrations were E10, E51, and E83 with an addition iso-butanol blend of B55. PM mass, Particle Size Distributions (PSDs), Particle Number (PN), BC/soot, Water-Soluble Organic Carbon (WSOC), and real-time WIM fractions were measured for the last three sections mentioned. Significant results on particle composition effects from vehicles, fuels, and driving conditions were found. Increasing vehicular speed increased particle hygroscopicity and decreased the WIM fraction. Alcohol concentration decreases the fraction of soot to the total PM mass for the GDI vehicles tested. Generally, increased ethanol concentration decreased the PN and PM mass.
Subjects/Keywords: Engineering; Automotive engineering; Chemical engineering; Biofuel; Criteria Pollutants; Flex Fuel Vehicle; Gasoline Direct Injection; Octane Rating; Particle Emissions
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APA (6th Edition):
Short, D. (2014). Investigation of Particle and Gaseous Emissions from Conventional and Emerging Vehicle Technologies Operating on Bio-Fuels. (Thesis). University of California – Riverside. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4nt6d3x2
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Short, Daniel. “Investigation of Particle and Gaseous Emissions from Conventional and Emerging Vehicle Technologies Operating on Bio-Fuels.” 2014. Thesis, University of California – Riverside. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4nt6d3x2.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Short, Daniel. “Investigation of Particle and Gaseous Emissions from Conventional and Emerging Vehicle Technologies Operating on Bio-Fuels.” 2014. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Short D. Investigation of Particle and Gaseous Emissions from Conventional and Emerging Vehicle Technologies Operating on Bio-Fuels. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Riverside; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4nt6d3x2.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Short D. Investigation of Particle and Gaseous Emissions from Conventional and Emerging Vehicle Technologies Operating on Bio-Fuels. [Thesis]. University of California – Riverside; 2014. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4nt6d3x2
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
16.
Singh, Ripudaman.
Enabling Ethanol Use as a Renewable Transportation Fuel: A Micro- and Macro-scale Perspective.
Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2019, University of Michigan
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/149831
► The transportation sector remains the most challenging area to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels. A successful transition away from fossil…
(more)
▼ The transportation sector remains the most challenging area to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels. A successful transition away from fossil fuels is possible through the use of ethanol as an alternative fuel. Ethanol has considerable promise to reduce the carbon intensity of passenger vehicles, but a better understanding of the promise and limitations of ethanol as a renewable energy carrier is required, particularly using non-food feedstocks. Blending ethanol with
gasoline has been demonstrated at a significant scale in the United States and Brazil. Currently, ethanol is blended with
gasoline in the U.S. as an octane booster to a maximum blend level (E10 – 10% by volume); which is indistinguishable from
gasoline to the engine application and the fueling infrastructure. However, optimum blend levels have not been determined from an engine application perspective. Also, current production of ethanol from primary food crops presents challenges like competition with food sources; thus, alternative feedstocks for ethanol production are required. This dissertation takes a novel approach which presents micro and macro-scale perspectives to enable ethanol as a transportation fuel.
First at the micro or device scale, physical experiments were used to determine the optimum blend level of ethanol and
gasoline for production spark ignition engines. Engine operating strategies which provide the most benefit, in terms of improving efficiency and lowering emissions, with the use of these blends were identified. Mid-level blends (30%) of ethanol by volume with
gasoline show the most benefit in terms of several engine performance metrics. An improvement of 2% in thermodynamic efficiency on an absolute basis, and more than 90% reduction in particulate emissions was observed by combining use of such a blend with a triple-
injection per cycle fueling strategy.
Second at the macro scale of the transportation fuel production and distribution level, analytical methods were applied to determine the feasibility of producing cellulosic ethanol based on high-fidelity geographically-resolved data on agricultural waste for the regional districts of Ghana. Biorefinery locations and fuel blending infrastructure recommendations are made, by minimizing transportation costs involved in the biomass residue feedstock collection and distribution of the ethanol produced by the biorefinery. Previous studies have shown significant potential of biofuel production in Ghana, but there were no previous studies that focused on development of geographic infrastructure for 2nd generation transportation biofuels (i.e. based on non-food feedstocks). This study was the first attempt in this direction. Both the process used and the outcomes of this study provide valuable input for the development of sustainable biofuels infrastructure in Ghana.
This work demonstrates considerable benefit of ethanol blending for modern engine architecture, with identification of strategies which leverage the thermo-physical fuel properties of…
Advisors/Committee Members: Wooldridge, Margaret S (committee member), Gamba, Mirko (committee member), Boehman, Andre L (committee member), Keoleian, Gregory A (committee member), Mansfield, Andrew Benjamin (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: spark ignition engine; gasoline direct injection; cellulosic ethanol; thermodynamic efficiency; particulate emissions; Ghana; Mechanical Engineering; Engineering
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APA (6th Edition):
Singh, R. (2019). Enabling Ethanol Use as a Renewable Transportation Fuel: A Micro- and Macro-scale Perspective. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/149831
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Singh, Ripudaman. “Enabling Ethanol Use as a Renewable Transportation Fuel: A Micro- and Macro-scale Perspective.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/149831.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Singh, Ripudaman. “Enabling Ethanol Use as a Renewable Transportation Fuel: A Micro- and Macro-scale Perspective.” 2019. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Singh R. Enabling Ethanol Use as a Renewable Transportation Fuel: A Micro- and Macro-scale Perspective. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2019. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/149831.
Council of Science Editors:
Singh R. Enabling Ethanol Use as a Renewable Transportation Fuel: A Micro- and Macro-scale Perspective. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/149831
Wayne State University
17.
Matsumoto, Atsushi.
Spray characterization of flex-fuel gasoline di injectors and spray interaction with charge motion in a variable valve actuation engine.
Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2012, Wayne State University
URL: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/457
► The objective of this study is to understand the characteristics of GDI sprays and behavior of in-cylinder charge motion in a GDI engine which…
(more)
▼ The objective of this study is to understand the characteristics of GDI sprays and behavior of in-cylinder charge motion in a GDI engine which is equipped with variable valve actuation. High speed spray visualization in a spray chamber was conducted for a study of spray development. By Schlieren visualization technique, the effect of different conditions including ambient conditions (temperature, pressure) and
injection conditions (fuel type, fuel temperature, nozzle design) on spray formation was discussed in both qualitative and quantitative methods. High-speed visualization of the in-cylinder charge motion was carried out as well using an optical accessible engine. The testing was conducted for the conventional valve strategy with the production cam, and for the advanced valve strategies with the prototype cams. Multi-dimensional CFD was carried out to support the optical engine work.
By the experiments, Schlieren visualization was found to be very effective method to observe the vapor phase of the fuel spray, and the 2-stage thresholding image processing method was developed to process Schlieren images. Evaluation of the spray images revealed that the effect of flash boiling could change the spray shape drastically by plume collapse. Significance of flash boiling depended not only on ambient condition, but on
injection condition and a combination of other effects including fuel properties and nozzle design. The optical engine testing revealed that the interaction of spray and in-cylinder flow, especially contradiction of the direction of spray momentum and tumble rotation, was a key factor for mixture formation. Stronger inlet air flow by low-lift cam resulted in higher turbulent energy and enhanced vaporization rate which was proven in both experiment and simulation. Deactivation of one of the intake valves produced swirl charge motion in the cylinder which was mixed with tumble. Soot emission caused by piston impingement of the early
injection could be reduced by valve deactivation. The use of high-lift long-duration cam promoted more vigorous charge motion, but dynamic ratios of low-lift short-duration cam developed faster.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ming-Chia Lai.
Subjects/Keywords: Charge motion, Ethanol, Flash boiling, Gasoline direct injection, Spray, Variable valve actuation; Mechanical Engineering; Other Mechanical Engineering
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APA (6th Edition):
Matsumoto, A. (2012). Spray characterization of flex-fuel gasoline di injectors and spray interaction with charge motion in a variable valve actuation engine. (Doctoral Dissertation). Wayne State University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/457
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Matsumoto, Atsushi. “Spray characterization of flex-fuel gasoline di injectors and spray interaction with charge motion in a variable valve actuation engine.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Wayne State University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/457.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Matsumoto, Atsushi. “Spray characterization of flex-fuel gasoline di injectors and spray interaction with charge motion in a variable valve actuation engine.” 2012. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Matsumoto A. Spray characterization of flex-fuel gasoline di injectors and spray interaction with charge motion in a variable valve actuation engine. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Wayne State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/457.
Council of Science Editors:
Matsumoto A. Spray characterization of flex-fuel gasoline di injectors and spray interaction with charge motion in a variable valve actuation engine. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Wayne State University; 2012. Available from: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/457
18.
Makhlouf, Samir.
Contribution à l'étude de l'impact de la cavitation sur les processus physiques de l'atomisation primaire des jets d'injecteurs essence : Contribution to the cavitation impact study on the physical processes of jet primary atomization for gasoline direct injection.
Degree: Docteur es, Physique-Mécanique, 2015, Rouen, INSA
URL: http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAM0005
► Afin de se rapprocher des conditions du mélange homogène du moteur essence, plusieurs fluides sont injectés dans l'atmosphère à une pression amont et une température…
(more)
▼ Afin de se rapprocher des conditions du mélange homogène du moteur essence, plusieurs fluides sont injectés dans l'atmosphère à une pression amont et une température variées. Cinq prototypes d'injecteurs réels trois-trous de Continental ont été utilisés. En augmentant la pression d'injection, l'écoulement passe par quatre régimes où le niveau de développement de cavitation varie. Le coefficient de décharge Cd dépend essentiellement du nombre de cavitation. Au point critique de cavitation, deux corrélations ont été obtenues reliant respectivement Cd et le nombre de cavitation critique au nombre de Reynolds correspondant. Le jet en champ proche est gouverné par trois nombres sans dimensions : celui de Weber, de Reynolds et de cavitation. L'effet de chacun d'eux sur l'angle du jet à la sortie a été obtenu. La comparaison des résultats entre deux injecteurs a montré que le rapport entre la longueur et le diamètre de l'orifice est d'une influence d'ordre 1 sur l'angle du jet.
In order to get closer to the homogeneous mixture conditions of a gasoline engine, different fluids are injected into the atmosphere at varying upstream pressure and temperature. Five three-hole real injector prototypes from Continental were used. When injection pressure is increased, the internal flow goes through four regimes where the cavitation development level varies from one to another. The discharge coefficient Cd was found mainly dependent on the cavitation number. At the cavitation critical point, two correlations between Cd and the critical cavitation number on one side respectively, and the correspondent Reynolds number on the other side were found. The near field jet is ruled by three dimensionless numbers : Weber, Reynolds and cavitation. The effect of each one of them on the jet angle at the orifice outlet was obtained. By comparing the results of two injectors, it was found that the length over diameter ratio has a first order influence on the jet angle.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cousin, Jean (thesis director).
Subjects/Keywords: Coefficient de décharge; Ombroscopie; Gasoline direct injection; Multi-hole real injector; Cavitation; Shadowgraph; Spray momentum; Primary atomization; Discharge coefficient; Dimensional analysis
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APA (6th Edition):
Makhlouf, S. (2015). Contribution à l'étude de l'impact de la cavitation sur les processus physiques de l'atomisation primaire des jets d'injecteurs essence : Contribution to the cavitation impact study on the physical processes of jet primary atomization for gasoline direct injection. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rouen, INSA. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAM0005
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Makhlouf, Samir. “Contribution à l'étude de l'impact de la cavitation sur les processus physiques de l'atomisation primaire des jets d'injecteurs essence : Contribution to the cavitation impact study on the physical processes of jet primary atomization for gasoline direct injection.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Rouen, INSA. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAM0005.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Makhlouf, Samir. “Contribution à l'étude de l'impact de la cavitation sur les processus physiques de l'atomisation primaire des jets d'injecteurs essence : Contribution to the cavitation impact study on the physical processes of jet primary atomization for gasoline direct injection.” 2015. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Makhlouf S. Contribution à l'étude de l'impact de la cavitation sur les processus physiques de l'atomisation primaire des jets d'injecteurs essence : Contribution to the cavitation impact study on the physical processes of jet primary atomization for gasoline direct injection. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rouen, INSA; 2015. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAM0005.
Council of Science Editors:
Makhlouf S. Contribution à l'étude de l'impact de la cavitation sur les processus physiques de l'atomisation primaire des jets d'injecteurs essence : Contribution to the cavitation impact study on the physical processes of jet primary atomization for gasoline direct injection. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rouen, INSA; 2015. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAM0005
University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
19.
Nithyanandan, Karthik.
Combustion quality and regimes for standard and alternative fuels.
Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2017, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/98086
► Upcoming environmental constraints require the next generation internal combustion engine (ICE) to yield lower pollutant emissions and higher fuel efficiency. Various alternative fuels and combustion…
(more)
▼ Upcoming environmental constraints require the next generation internal combustion engine (ICE) to yield lower pollutant emissions and higher fuel efficiency. Various alternative fuels and combustion strategies and regimes have shown great potential in meeting these goals. The work done in this dissertation aims at exploring different alternative fuels and advanced combustion strategies through a combination of single-cylinder engine performance and emission tests, laser diagnostics in optical engines, and soot analysis using materials research techniques, in order to improve the combustion and emission performance of the modern ICE.
Alcohols, especially n-butanol, have been studied as potential fuels and have shown to be a possible alternative to pure
gasoline. In this work, the intermediate product in bio-butanol production through acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation, ABE, was studied for the first time as a potential alternative fuel in spark ignition (SI) engines. Various blends of ABE and
gasoline, with different ratios of acetone, n-butanol, and ethanol were studied under various engine operating conditions. The results obtained affirm ABE’s potential as an alternative fuel and explain the effects of ABE components on the combustion process. This work also provides information regarding the optimum ABE ratio to be targeted in the ABE fermentation process. Finally, the datasets obtained are valuable for combustion mechanism and model validation.
Another promising and attractive alternative fuel is natural gas. Dual-fuel Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)/diesel combustion in compression ignition (CI) engines has shown the ability to substantially reduce the NOx emission and at the same time produce very low particulate matter (PM) emissions. In this study, CNG/diesel dual-fuel combustion has been studied under various CNG substitution ratios and diesel
injection strategies at a wide range of engine operating conditions. The results show how an effective pilot diesel
injection strategy in dual-fuel combustion could match the efficiency of diesel combustion (CDC). Furthermore, CNG/diesel dual-fuel combustion was also studied in an optical engine in order to understand the mechanism of dual-fuel combustion. Very few studies have performed visualization of this phenomenon. Exhaust particulate matter from CNG/diesel dual-fuel combustion was also studied and characterized for the first time using materials research techniques such as Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), CHN elemental analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy. The results would be invaluable for the design of exhaust after-treatment systems for vehicles using CNG/diesel combustion.
Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines have shown improved efficiency and reduced fuel consumption, however, GDI combustion faces the serious issue of PM emissions. This study investigated lean-burn GDI combustion of ethanol-
gasoline blends in an optical engine and tested…
Advisors/Committee Members: Lee, Chia-fon F (advisor), Lee, Chia-fon F (Committee Chair), Hansen, Alan C (committee member), Glumac, Nick (committee member), Lee, Tonghun (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE); Diesel; Compressed natural gas (CNG); Gasoline direct injection (GDI); Optical; 2-color method
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APA (6th Edition):
Nithyanandan, K. (2017). Combustion quality and regimes for standard and alternative fuels. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/98086
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nithyanandan, Karthik. “Combustion quality and regimes for standard and alternative fuels.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/98086.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nithyanandan, Karthik. “Combustion quality and regimes for standard and alternative fuels.” 2017. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Nithyanandan K. Combustion quality and regimes for standard and alternative fuels. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/98086.
Council of Science Editors:
Nithyanandan K. Combustion quality and regimes for standard and alternative fuels. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/98086
Loughborough University
20.
Mojtabi, Mehdi.
Optical analysis of multi-stream GDI sprays under various engine operating conditions.
Degree: PhD, 2011, Loughborough University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/8503
► The design and optimisation of a modern gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine requires a thorough understanding of the fuel sprays characteristics and atomisation process.Therefore this…
(more)
▼ The design and optimisation of a modern gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine requires a thorough understanding of the fuel sprays characteristics and atomisation process.Therefore this thesis presents a detailed optical analysis of atomisation, penetration and interaction of multi-stream GDI sprays under engine relevant pressures and temperatures. The characteristics of the fuel spray in a GDI engine have a great influence on the fuel-air mixing and combustion processes as fuel injectors must provide adequate atomisation for vaporisation of the fuel to take place before combustion is initiated, whilst also avoiding spray impingement on the cylinder walls or piston crown. In this study multi-stream injectors, to be used within GDI engines, are quantified using Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) on an atmospheric bench. This process allowed for highly detailed spray analysis of droplet velocities and diameter at precise locations, using a three dimensional traverse, within the injector spray. The aim of the study was to analyse plume interaction between separate plumes of multi-stream injectors. Three multi-stream injectors were subjected to testing; two six-hole injectors and one three-hole injector. The injectors differed by having different distances between the plumes. The effect of fuel type on the liquid break-up and atomisation was investigated using Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) and Mie imaging. Mie imaging was also performed to capture images of fuel from a multi-stream injector as it was sprayed into a pressure chamber which was used to recreate the conditions found in an engine likely to cause flash boiling. In total, five variables were investigated: fuel pressure, ambient pressure, ambient temperature, fuel composition and injector geometry. Once processed, the recorded images allowed measurement of spray tip penetration and cone angle. Qualitative data on the change in shape of the spray was also available. The results showed that flash boiling has potential to reduce droplet diameters and improve fuel vaporisation, however, the associated change in spray shape must be taken into account to avoid problems with spray impingement. Keywords: Gasoline Direct Injection, multi-stream injector, atomisation, penetration, cone angle, Mie imaging, Phase Doppler Anemometry, flash boiling.
Subjects/Keywords: 629.2; Gasoline direct injection; Multi-stream injector; Atomisation; Penetration; Cone angle; Mie imaging; Phase Doppler Anemometry; Flash boiling
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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APA (6th Edition):
Mojtabi, M. (2011). Optical analysis of multi-stream GDI sprays under various engine operating conditions. (Doctoral Dissertation). Loughborough University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2134/8503
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mojtabi, Mehdi. “Optical analysis of multi-stream GDI sprays under various engine operating conditions.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Loughborough University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2134/8503.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mojtabi, Mehdi. “Optical analysis of multi-stream GDI sprays under various engine operating conditions.” 2011. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Mojtabi M. Optical analysis of multi-stream GDI sprays under various engine operating conditions. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Loughborough University; 2011. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/8503.
Council of Science Editors:
Mojtabi M. Optical analysis of multi-stream GDI sprays under various engine operating conditions. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Loughborough University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/8503
Penn State University
21.
Kazmouz, Samuel.
Large-Eddy Simulations of Motored Flow and Combustion in a Stratified-Charge Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine.
Degree: 2020, Penn State University
URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17568xuk13
► Stratified-charge, spray-guided, spark-ignition, direct-injection operation offers efficiency improvements to conventional engines used in light-duty vehicles. However, cycle-to-cycle variability (CCV) impedes extracting the full efficiency potential…
(more)
▼ Stratified-charge, spray-guided, spark-ignition,
direct-
injection operation offers efficiency improvements to conventional engines used in light-duty vehicles. However, cycle-to-cycle variability (CCV) impedes extracting the full efficiency potential of such advanced engine operation modes. In this dissertation, multi-cycle motored and fired large-eddy simulation (LES) results of an optically-accessible single-cylinder four-valve
direct-
injection spark- ignition engine, called G4VDI, are presented and compared to experimental results. The main objective is to investigate the root causes of CCV in stratified-charge engines. For motored operation, four sets of 60 consecutive LES cycles, with different operating conditions, are compared with experiments. LES is able to capture the wave dynamics of the ports and the in-cylinder pressure with a difference of 0.12%-2.5%, compared to experimental results. The LES velocity fields are compared with particle-image velocimetry measurements at six cutting planes. Based on the local and volume-averaged structure and magnitude indexes, it is found that LES is able to reproduce key flow events and capture large-scale in-cylinder flow structures, especially in high tumble/swirl conditions. Using proper orthogonal decomposition, LES shows that high tumble/swirl conditions produce low CCV flow fields. CCV of in-cylinder pressure ranged between 0.13% and 0.23%. For fired operation, and using the thickened flame model (TFM), 20 consecutive LES cycles of a homogeneous-charge engine operation mode are presented followed by spray-characterization in four different ambient conditions. These results lay the foundation for two stratified-charge engine operation modes, in which 20 and 35 consecutive LES cycles are compared with experiments, respectively. TFM-LES is extended for partially premixed flames and is able to reproduce experimental in-cylinder pressure (0.5%-10%), cyclic variability (20.5%-22.7%) in global and local quantities, local fuel vapor distributions, and heat release curves for homogeneous and stratified burn. Tuning TFM to reduce the burn rate increases the tendency to produce misfires, as well as the levels of CCV. Correlation analysis done on the stratified-charge LES results suggests that the influence of the early burn on the subsequent flame development is more subtle for stratified combustion compared to homogeneous combustion, that is the local conditions at the spark plug when the flame starts propagating are more influential than the conditions at spark timing, and that the
injection event creates velocity conditions which might be favorable or unfavorable for the combustion event. The main contributions of this dissertation are extending TFM to highly stratified spray combustion, showing that LES can reproduce experimentally measured flow and combustion behavior in a realistic engine, including CCV, and analyzing LES to provide new insight into CCV and misfires of stratified-charge engines.
Advisors/Committee Members: Daniel Connell Haworth, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Daniel Connell Haworth, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Jacqueline Antonia O'Connor, Committee Member, Yuan Xuan, Committee Member, Sven Schmitz, Outside Member, Stephen R Turns, Special Member, Robert John Santoro, Special Member, Karen Ann Thole, Program Head/Chair.
Subjects/Keywords: Internal Combustion Engines; Large-Eddy Simulation; Cycle-to-Cycle Variations; Stratified-Charge Combustion; Gasoline-Direct-Injection Engine
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APA (6th Edition):
Kazmouz, S. (2020). Large-Eddy Simulations of Motored Flow and Combustion in a Stratified-Charge Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17568xuk13
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kazmouz, Samuel. “Large-Eddy Simulations of Motored Flow and Combustion in a Stratified-Charge Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine.” 2020. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17568xuk13.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kazmouz, Samuel. “Large-Eddy Simulations of Motored Flow and Combustion in a Stratified-Charge Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine.” 2020. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Kazmouz S. Large-Eddy Simulations of Motored Flow and Combustion in a Stratified-Charge Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2020. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17568xuk13.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Kazmouz S. Large-Eddy Simulations of Motored Flow and Combustion in a Stratified-Charge Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2020. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17568xuk13
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Technology, Sydney
22.
Huang, Yuhan.
Investigation of mixture formation and combustion in an ethanol direct injection plus gasoline port injection (EDI+GPI) engine.
Degree: 2016, University of Technology, Sydney
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10453/90011
► Ethanol direct injection plus gasoline port injection (EDI+GPI) is a new technology to utilise ethanol fuel in spark-ignition engines more effectively and efficiently than E10…
(more)
▼ Ethanol direct injection plus gasoline port injection (EDI+GPI) is a new technology to utilise ethanol fuel in spark-ignition engines more effectively and efficiently than E10 or E85 fuels in the current market. It takes the advantages of ethanol’s high octane number and great enthalpy of vaporisation which allow higher compression ratio and consequently increase the thermal efficiency. Primary experimental investigation showed that the engine performance was improved by EDI+GPI. The thermal efficiency was increased, the NO emission was decreased and the spark timing could be advanced without engine knock. However, the CO and HC emissions were increased when EDI was applied. To understand the mechanisms behind the experimental results, the mixture formation and combustion processes of an EDI+GPI engine were investigated using CFD simulation, and constant volume chamber and engine experiments.
To investigate the spray and evaporation characteristics of ethanol fuel and provide experimental data for CFD simulation, spray experiments were conducted in a constant volume chamber using high speed shadowgraphy imaging technique. The results showed that ethanol fuel evaporated slowly when fuel temperature was in the range of 275-325 K. However, the evaporation rate increased quickly when fuel temperature was higher than 350 K. The low evaporation rate of ethanol fuel in low temperature environment implied that EDI should be only applied in high temperature engine environment. When the excess temperature was smaller than 4 K, the spray behaved the same as the subcooled spray did. The spray collapsed when the excess temperature was 9 K. Flash-boiling did not occur until the excess temperature reached 14 K.
Numerical simulation of the EDI+GPI engine showed that the overall cooling effect of EDI was enhanced with the increase of ethanol ratio from 0% to 58%, but not with further increase of ethanol ratio. When the ethanol ratio was greater than 58%, the fuel impingement became severe and a large number of liquid ethanol droplets were left in the combustion chamber during combustion, leading to local over-cooling in the near-wall region and over-lean mixture at the spark plug gap. As a consequence, the CO and HC emissions increased due to incomplete combustion. Compared with GPI only condition, the faster flame speed of ethanol fuel in EDI+GPI condition resulted in shorter combustion initiation duration and major combustion duration, leading to the increase of IMEP and thermal efficiency when the ethanol ratio was 0-58%. However, the combustion performance was deteriorated by over-cooling and fuel impingement when ethanol ratio was greater than 58%. Experimental results showed consistently that the combustion and emission performance of this engine could be the best in the ethanol ratio of 40-60% at the investigated engine condition (medium load, 4000 rpm and early EDI timing of 300 CAD BTDC). Numerical results showed that the best engine performance was resulted from effective charge cooling and combustion efficiency improved…
Subjects/Keywords: Spark-ignition engines.; Ethanol direct injection (EDI); Gasoline port injection (GPI); Thermal efficiency.; CFD simulation.; Shadowgraphy imaging technique.; Effectiveness of EDI heating.
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APA (6th Edition):
Huang, Y. (2016). Investigation of mixture formation and combustion in an ethanol direct injection plus gasoline port injection (EDI+GPI) engine. (Thesis). University of Technology, Sydney. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10453/90011
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Huang, Yuhan. “Investigation of mixture formation and combustion in an ethanol direct injection plus gasoline port injection (EDI+GPI) engine.” 2016. Thesis, University of Technology, Sydney. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10453/90011.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Huang, Yuhan. “Investigation of mixture formation and combustion in an ethanol direct injection plus gasoline port injection (EDI+GPI) engine.” 2016. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Huang Y. Investigation of mixture formation and combustion in an ethanol direct injection plus gasoline port injection (EDI+GPI) engine. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Technology, Sydney; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10453/90011.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Huang Y. Investigation of mixture formation and combustion in an ethanol direct injection plus gasoline port injection (EDI+GPI) engine. [Thesis]. University of Technology, Sydney; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10453/90011
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Michigan
23.
Vanzieleghem, Bruno P.
Combustion modeling for gasoline direct injection engines using KIVA-3V.
Degree: PhD, Mechanical engineering, 2004, University of Michigan
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/124201
► An extended coherent flamelet model was implemented in the computational fluid dynamics code KIVA-3V to achieve high fidelity simulation of gasoline direct injection (GDI) combustion.…
(more)
▼ An extended coherent flamelet model was implemented in the computational fluid dynamics code KIVA-3V to achieve high fidelity simulation of
gasoline direct injection (GDI) combustion. The model allows for the identification of fuel economy improvements and emissions implications for this technology, in addition to the investigation of new operating strategies. An extensive validation of all aspects of the simulation with experimental results was performed. In the coherent flame model, the flame is represented by a transport equation for flame density, with modeled terms for the production and destruction. Stratification of the engine charge is incorporated by diagnostic equations for the unburned fuel, oxygen, and enthalpy. This allows the characterization of the gas properties on a conditionally-averaged basis, by separately averaging over the burned or unburned fraction in a computational cell. The conditionally-averaged burned gas temperature can then be used to calculate the emissions formation rates, leading to more accurate predictions. The coherent flame model was extended, to capture the effects of exhaust gas recirculation stratification on combustion and pollutant formation, by adding a new diagnostics equation for CO
2 originating from exhaust gas recirculation. A near-wall flame treatment was also implemented to represent the realistic behavior of the flame near the walls more accurately. Since the literature lacks integrated studies thoroughly validating models developed specifically for GDI engines, the combustion model was integrated with updated models for spray breakup and spray wall impingement. This complete model was then used to simulate the engine cycle of an optical 4-valve GDI engine, corresponding to an experimental GDI engine. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) experiments, in combination with traditional engine diagnostics, allowed us to validate the simulation by comparing air motion, mixture formation, and combustion data over a range of speed and load conditions, in a realistic engine geometry, including moving valves. The thorough validation of all aspects of the model for the complete engine cycle demonstrates how the model was able to capture the important characteristics of the GDI engine, and pointed to areas that require further improvements.
Advisors/Committee Members: Assanis, Dennis N. (advisor), Im, Hong G. (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: 3v; Combustion; Direct-injection; Engines; Fuel Economy; Gasoline; Kiva; Modeling; Using
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MLA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Vanzieleghem, B. P. (2004). Combustion modeling for gasoline direct injection engines using KIVA-3V. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/124201
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Vanzieleghem, Bruno P. “Combustion modeling for gasoline direct injection engines using KIVA-3V.” 2004. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/124201.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Vanzieleghem, Bruno P. “Combustion modeling for gasoline direct injection engines using KIVA-3V.” 2004. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Vanzieleghem BP. Combustion modeling for gasoline direct injection engines using KIVA-3V. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2004. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/124201.
Council of Science Editors:
Vanzieleghem BP. Combustion modeling for gasoline direct injection engines using KIVA-3V. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2004. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/124201
Brno University of Technology
24.
Smejkal, Jan.
Přímý vstřik benzínu: Gasoline Direct Injection.
Degree: 2020, Brno University of Technology
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/191917
► This bachelor thesis deals with the problematics of gasoline direct injection in combustion engines. There is a view of the history of the development of…
(more)
▼ This bachelor thesis deals with the problematics of
gasoline direct injection in combustion engines. There is a view of the history of the development of
gasoline direct injection in the introduction. The main part focuses on the principle of the process function, description of components of fuel system and specific components of exhaust system. There is also a description of benefits of using
gasoline direct injection, especially considering the amount of pollutants in exhaust gas. The following part of the work contains an overview of
gasoline direct injection engines and their comparison in terms of power. In the conclusion, there is a consideration of
gasoline direct injection development in the future.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dundálek, Radim (advisor), Janoušek, Michal (referee).
Subjects/Keywords: Přímý vstřik benzínu; zážehový motor; spalovací motor; palivový systém; palivová směs; výfukový systém; emise; Gasoline direct injection; petrol engine; combustion engine; fuel system; fuel mixture; exhaust system; emissions
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Smejkal, J. (2020). Přímý vstřik benzínu: Gasoline Direct Injection. (Thesis). Brno University of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11012/191917
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Smejkal, Jan. “Přímý vstřik benzínu: Gasoline Direct Injection.” 2020. Thesis, Brno University of Technology. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11012/191917.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Smejkal, Jan. “Přímý vstřik benzínu: Gasoline Direct Injection.” 2020. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Smejkal J. Přímý vstřik benzínu: Gasoline Direct Injection. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2020. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/191917.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Smejkal J. Přímý vstřik benzínu: Gasoline Direct Injection. [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/191917
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Oxford
25.
Price, Philip Daniel.
Direct injection gasoline engine particulate emissions.
Degree: PhD, 2009, University of Oxford
URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:35c0d6bf-bde3-4ef0-a87e-4af89a94b16f
;
https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504502
► Direct fuel injection technology is increasingly being applied to the spark ignition internal combustion engine as one of the many actions required to reduce the…
(more)
▼ Direct fuel injection technology is increasingly being applied to the spark ignition internal combustion engine as one of the many actions required to reduce the CO2 emissions from road transport. Whilst the potential for CO2 reductions is compelling, the technology is not without disadvantages. Early examples typically emitted over an order of magnitude more Particulate Matter (PM) than vehicles with conventional spark ignition engines. Consequently, future revisions to European and North American exhaust emissions legislation are likely to regulate the particulate emissions from vehicles with direct injection gasoline engines. This thesis undertakes to investigate a) instrumentation capable of simultaneously resolving the number concentration and size distribution of particles in the 5-1000 nm size range and b) the factors affecting the PM emissions from spark ignition engines with direct fuel injection. The first objective is achieved by evaluation and comparison of a differential mobility spectrometer; photo-acoustic soot sensor; condensation particle counter and electrical low pressure impactor. To address the second question, a differential mobility spectrometer is applied to quantify the PM emissions from a number of direct injection gasoline engines, together with investigation of their dependence on various calibratable parameters, operating temperature and fuel composition. The differential mobility spectrometer showed good agreement with the other more established instruments tested. Moreover, it exhibited a faster time response and finer resolution in particle size. The number weighted size distribution of the PM emitted was typically lognormal with either one or two modes located between 20 and 100 nm. Chemical analysis of PM samples showed the presence of elemental carbon, volatile organic material and sulphates. Transient PM measurements enabled short time-scale events such as mode switching between homogeneous and stratified mixture preparation to be identified. PM number concentrations in stratified mode exceeded those in homogeneous mode by a factor of 10-100. Dynamometer based experiments showed that PM emissions increase for rich air fuel ratios, retarded fuel injection and advanced ignition events. They also demonstrated a strong dependence on fuel composition: the highest PM emissions were measured with an aromatic fuel, whereas blending alcohols such as methanol or ethanol tended to suppress PM emissions, particularly in the accumulation mode size range. These measurements are amongst the first of their kind and demonstrate the applicability of the differential mobility spectrometer to the measurement of ultra-fine particulate emissions from engines with direct fuel injection systems. Numerous explanations are put forward to describe the data obtained, together with suggestions for future work on PM control and abatement.
Subjects/Keywords: 629.2; Mechanical engineering; Combustion; Engineering & allied sciences; particulate emissions; direct injection; gasoline; engines
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APA ·
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Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Price, P. D. (2009). Direct injection gasoline engine particulate emissions. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:35c0d6bf-bde3-4ef0-a87e-4af89a94b16f ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504502
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Price, Philip Daniel. “Direct injection gasoline engine particulate emissions.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:35c0d6bf-bde3-4ef0-a87e-4af89a94b16f ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504502.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Price, Philip Daniel. “Direct injection gasoline engine particulate emissions.” 2009. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Price PD. Direct injection gasoline engine particulate emissions. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2009. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:35c0d6bf-bde3-4ef0-a87e-4af89a94b16f ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504502.
Council of Science Editors:
Price PD. Direct injection gasoline engine particulate emissions. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2009. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:35c0d6bf-bde3-4ef0-a87e-4af89a94b16f ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504502
Brno University of Technology
26.
Malchárek, Miroslav.
Motory vozidel Octavia: Engines of Octavia vehicles.
Degree: 2019, Brno University of Technology
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/10702
► This bachelor thesis deals with popular car Škoda Octavia and combustion engines used in it. Thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter deals…
(more)
▼ This bachelor thesis deals with popular car Škoda Octavia and combustion engines used in it. Thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter deals with a development of Škoda Octavia car. The second chapter approaches diesel engines used. The third chapter treats of commonly used combustion engines.
Advisors/Committee Members: Píštěk, Václav (advisor), Vopařil, Jan (referee).
Subjects/Keywords: Vznětový motor; zážehový motor; přímé vstřikování; filtr pevných částic; řídící jednotka.; Diesel engine; gasoline engine; direct injection; diesel particulate filter; the control unit.
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APA (6th Edition):
Malchárek, M. (2019). Motory vozidel Octavia: Engines of Octavia vehicles. (Thesis). Brno University of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11012/10702
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Malchárek, Miroslav. “Motory vozidel Octavia: Engines of Octavia vehicles.” 2019. Thesis, Brno University of Technology. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11012/10702.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Malchárek, Miroslav. “Motory vozidel Octavia: Engines of Octavia vehicles.” 2019. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Malchárek M. Motory vozidel Octavia: Engines of Octavia vehicles. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2019. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/10702.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Malchárek M. Motory vozidel Octavia: Engines of Octavia vehicles. [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/10702
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Brno University of Technology
27.
Schulla, Radek.
Pohonné jednotky s přímým vstřikem benzínu: Combustion Engines with Gasoline Direct Injection.
Degree: 2019, Brno University of Technology
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/176867
► This bachelor thesis deals with the problematics of direct gasoline injection in petrol engines. It presents basic overview of pollutants from exhaust gases, functions of…
(more)
▼ This bachelor thesis deals with the problematics of
direct gasoline injection in petrol engines. It presents basic overview of pollutants from exhaust gases, functions of individual components of fuel system and their development. Next chapter explains the principle of operation, advantages and disadvantages compared to port fuel
injection. The last section is focused on use of
direct injection in the future.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dundálek, Radim (advisor), Řehák, Kamil (referee).
Subjects/Keywords: Přímý vstřik benzínu; zážehový motor; palivový systém; vrstvené plnění; homogenní směs; emise; Gasoline direct injection; petrol engine; fuel system; stratified charge; homogeneous mixture; emission
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Schulla, R. (2019). Pohonné jednotky s přímým vstřikem benzínu: Combustion Engines with Gasoline Direct Injection. (Thesis). Brno University of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11012/176867
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Schulla, Radek. “Pohonné jednotky s přímým vstřikem benzínu: Combustion Engines with Gasoline Direct Injection.” 2019. Thesis, Brno University of Technology. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11012/176867.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Schulla, Radek. “Pohonné jednotky s přímým vstřikem benzínu: Combustion Engines with Gasoline Direct Injection.” 2019. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Schulla R. Pohonné jednotky s přímým vstřikem benzínu: Combustion Engines with Gasoline Direct Injection. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2019. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/176867.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Schulla R. Pohonné jednotky s přímým vstřikem benzínu: Combustion Engines with Gasoline Direct Injection. [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/176867
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Brno University of Technology
28.
Donutil, Jan.
Přímý vstřik benzínu: Gasoline Direct Injection.
Degree: 2018, Brno University of Technology
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/66818
► This bachelor’s thesis deals with direct injection applicated in spark ignition engine. It explains how the system works and what are the benefits in comparison…
(more)
▼ This bachelor’s thesis deals with
direct injection applicated in spark ignition engine. It explains how the system works and what are the benefits in comparison with older methods. Components description and a list of current engines are mentioned in the next chapter. The last section is focussed on the future of these motors.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dundálek, Radim (advisor), Janoušek, Michal (referee).
Subjects/Keywords: Přímý vstřik; benzín; zážehový motor; vrstvené plnění; chudá směs; homogenní směs.; Direct injection; petrol; gasoline; spark ignition engine; stratified charge; lean mixture; homogeneous mixture.
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Donutil, J. (2018). Přímý vstřik benzínu: Gasoline Direct Injection. (Thesis). Brno University of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11012/66818
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Donutil, Jan. “Přímý vstřik benzínu: Gasoline Direct Injection.” 2018. Thesis, Brno University of Technology. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11012/66818.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Donutil, Jan. “Přímý vstřik benzínu: Gasoline Direct Injection.” 2018. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Donutil J. Přímý vstřik benzínu: Gasoline Direct Injection. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2018. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/66818.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Donutil J. Přímý vstřik benzínu: Gasoline Direct Injection. [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/66818
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
29.
Mireault, Phillip.
Methodology of Measuring Particulate Matter Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine.
Degree: 2014, University of Toronto
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/44046
► A gasoline direct injection engine was set-up to operate with a dynamometer in a test cell. Test cycle and emissions measurement procedures were developed for…
(more)
▼ A gasoline direct injection engine was set-up to operate with a dynamometer in a test cell. Test cycle and emissions measurement procedures were developed for evaluating the regulated and non-regulated
gaseous emissions. Equipment and techniques for particulate matter measurements were adapted for use with the gasoline direct injection engine. The particulate matter emissions produced by the engine were compared between two different fuels; gasoline and E10 (10% ethanol and 90% gasoline). The gaseous emissions generated by the engine when it was run on gasoline and E30 (30% ethanol and 70% gasoline) were also compared. Particle number decreased with E10 for hot start conditions, while the opposite was observed for cold start conditions. Particulate matter emissions were found to track with acetylene and ethylene emissions.
MAST
Advisors/Committee Members: Wallace, James, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering.
Subjects/Keywords: gasoline direct injection; particulate matter; ethanol; emissions; spark ignition; direct injection; GDI; SIDI; gasoline engine; E10; E0; E30; 0548
…Test Procedure
GDI
Gasoline Direct Injection
GP F
Gasoline Particulate Filter
HCLD… …gasoline engines is to use direct injection (DI)
rather than port fuel injection (… …always drawbacks in addition to benefits. Similar to diesel
engines, gasoline direct injection… …direct injection technology in gasoline engines is seen as one way to meet the new targets… …emissions of gasoline direct
injection engines. The initial stage of this project has focused on…
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Mireault, P. (2014). Methodology of Measuring Particulate Matter Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine. (Masters Thesis). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/44046
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mireault, Phillip. “Methodology of Measuring Particulate Matter Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Toronto. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1807/44046.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mireault, Phillip. “Methodology of Measuring Particulate Matter Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine.” 2014. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Mireault P. Methodology of Measuring Particulate Matter Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Toronto; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/44046.
Council of Science Editors:
Mireault P. Methodology of Measuring Particulate Matter Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine. [Masters Thesis]. University of Toronto; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/44046
30.
Lemetayer, Julien.
Etude par PIV par fluorescence de l’interaction d’un spray avec un écoulement gazeux en aérodynamique contrôlée : application à l’injection directe essence : Study by means of PIV by fluorescence of the interaction between a spray and a gaseous flow in a controlled aerodynamic : application to the gasoline direct injection.
Degree: Docteur es, Physique. Energétique, 2016, Rouen, INSA
URL: http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAM0023
► De nombreux procédés actuels mettent en jeu des écoulements diphasiques (sprays agricoles, pharmaceutiques, peinture...). Néanmoins, la connaissance des mécanismes régissant les interactions entre les phases…
(more)
▼ De nombreux procédés actuels mettent en jeu des écoulements diphasiques (sprays agricoles, pharmaceutiques, peinture...). Néanmoins, la connaissance des mécanismes régissant les interactions entre les phases (entraînement, modification des trajectoires des particules, transfert d'énergie...) est encore incomplète, notamment lors de l'injection directe essence, qui représente le cadre de cette étude. Dans cette étude expérimentale, les dynamiques instantanées des deux phases sont étudiées dans un plan pour mettre en évidence les interactions aérodynamiques entre les phases. Pour ce faire, un diagnostic de FPIV diphasique, utilisant un colorant fluorescent pour chaque phase, est développé afin d'acquérir simultanément des images séparées de chaque phase sur deux caméras indépendantes. Ainsi, les vitesses instantanées et simultanées des deux phases sont mesurées sans recourir à un prétraitement des images. Dans un premier temps, ce diagnostic optique est appliqué à la caractérisation d'une injection dans un gaz au repos. L'injection du spray met en mouvement le gaz par le biais d'un transfert de quantité de mouvement du spray vers le gaz. La dispersion des gouttes du spray et le mélange des deux phases qui résultent de ces transferts d'énergie cinétique dépendent du type de spray et également de la pression d'injection. Dans un second temps, ces interactions sont étudiées dans un moteur monocylindre transparent. La comparaison entre les fonctionnements avec et sans injection indique un impact notable de la présence du spray sur l'aérodynamique interne par le développement de nouvelles structures et la modification des caractéristiques du tumble. L'aérodynamique interne du moteur modifie également le développement du spray en comparaison de l'injection dans un gaz au repos.
Two-phase flows are involved in numerous actual industrial processes (agriculture, pharmacy, painting...). However, the complex interactions between phases (entrainment, particle trajectory modification, energy transfer...) are not well understood, especially for the gasoline direct injection, which represents the context of this study. For this experimental study, instantaneous dynamics of both phases are studied in a plan to highlight the aerodynamic interactions between phases. To achieve that, a two-phase FPIV diagnostic, based on using a fluorescent dye for each phase, is developed to simultaneously acquire separated images of each phase on two independent cameras. Instantaneous and simultaneous velocities of both phases are measured without any image pre-processing. Firstly, this optical diagnostic is applied to the characterisation of a spray injection in a gas at rest. The spray drags the gas by a momentum transfer from spray to gas. The spray droplet dispersion and the mixture between the two phases, which result from this kinetic energy transfer, depend on the spray topology and the injection pressure. Then, these interactions are studied in a transparent monocylinder engine. The comparison between cycles with and without injection…
Advisors/Committee Members: Cessou, Armelle (thesis director).
Subjects/Keywords: Interactions dynamiques gaz-gouttes; Injection directe essence; Aérodynamique interne moteur; Influence injection; PIV diphasique par fluorescence; Gas-droplet dynamic interactions; Gasoline direct injection; Engine internal aerodynamic; Two-phase PIV by fluorescence
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APA (6th Edition):
Lemetayer, J. (2016). Etude par PIV par fluorescence de l’interaction d’un spray avec un écoulement gazeux en aérodynamique contrôlée : application à l’injection directe essence : Study by means of PIV by fluorescence of the interaction between a spray and a gaseous flow in a controlled aerodynamic : application to the gasoline direct injection. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rouen, INSA. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAM0023
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lemetayer, Julien. “Etude par PIV par fluorescence de l’interaction d’un spray avec un écoulement gazeux en aérodynamique contrôlée : application à l’injection directe essence : Study by means of PIV by fluorescence of the interaction between a spray and a gaseous flow in a controlled aerodynamic : application to the gasoline direct injection.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Rouen, INSA. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAM0023.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lemetayer, Julien. “Etude par PIV par fluorescence de l’interaction d’un spray avec un écoulement gazeux en aérodynamique contrôlée : application à l’injection directe essence : Study by means of PIV by fluorescence of the interaction between a spray and a gaseous flow in a controlled aerodynamic : application to the gasoline direct injection.” 2016. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Lemetayer J. Etude par PIV par fluorescence de l’interaction d’un spray avec un écoulement gazeux en aérodynamique contrôlée : application à l’injection directe essence : Study by means of PIV by fluorescence of the interaction between a spray and a gaseous flow in a controlled aerodynamic : application to the gasoline direct injection. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rouen, INSA; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAM0023.
Council of Science Editors:
Lemetayer J. Etude par PIV par fluorescence de l’interaction d’un spray avec un écoulement gazeux en aérodynamique contrôlée : application à l’injection directe essence : Study by means of PIV by fluorescence of the interaction between a spray and a gaseous flow in a controlled aerodynamic : application to the gasoline direct injection. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rouen, INSA; 2016. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAM0023
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