subject:(fuel)

University of Johannesburg

1. Pilusa, Tsietsi Jefrey. Process parameters and conditions for batch production of eco-fuel briquettes.

Degree: 2012, University of Johannesburg

►

M.Tech.

In this work, eco-fuel briquettes made from a mixture of 32% spent coffee grounds, 23% coal fines, 11% saw dust, 18% mielie husks, 10%… (more)

▼

M.Tech.

In this work, eco-fuel briquettes made from a mixture of 32% spent coffee grounds, 23% coal fines, 11% saw dust, 18% mielie husks, 10% waste paper and 6% paper pulp contaminated water, respectively were investigated. Various processing stages such as briquetting, drying, combustion and flue gas emissions were investigated in order to evaluate the socio-economic viability of the batch production of eco-fuel briquettes from biomass waste material. Each stage was studied independently in order to develop basic models that contained material and energy balances. A screw press briquetting machine was designed and fabricated as part of this work to be tested against the legacy foundation Porta press, and the Bikernmayer hand brick press. The compaction of the biomass waste material into briquettes follows the principle of physical interlocking of the fine particles within the plant fibres, natural material binding due to released cellulose content, as well as reduction in porosity, due to a simultaneous dewatering and compaction action. The processing variables such as cycle times and pressure were studied. The Bikernmayer press is preferred as it produced briquettes of higher bulk densities and lower moisture content as compared to the other presses. The drying was investigated in a laboratory scale convective dryer to establish typical convection parameters. A drying system that utilizes produced briquettes as a heating medium is proposed, and here drying will be effected over a refractory brick fireplace by means of convection and radiation. A basic model was set up to include radiation with the convection to predict a drying time of 4.8 hours. The combustion of briquettes was investigated using a POCA ceramic stove linked to the testo Portable Emission Analyzer System. This enabled an air-to-fuel ratio of 1.44 and a burning rate of 2g per minute to be established. The energy transfer efficiency for boiling a pot of water was found to be 85%. The gas emissions were found to be within the acceptable limits, as set out by OSHA. A standard initial economic evaluation was performed based on a briquette selling price of R2.26 per kilogram for the ease of accommodating the local market. The financial model for both Porta press and screw press were not economically viable, as their running costs were greater than the gross project revenues. For the Bikernmayer conceptual model, with a total capital investment of R669, 981+ VAT (this includes one year operating cost) and a project life of five years, the gross Process parameters and conditions batch production of eco-fuel briquettes profit margin is 44%, the profitability index is 5.33 and the internal Rate of return 31.44%. The net present value and return period are R676, 896 and 0.408 years respectively. The customer profile as currently at hand is 17% of the selected area within 80 m radius from production site. The remaining 83% will be in need of energy as they become aware of the new product offering. The selling of the briquettes should be accompanied by an…

Subjects/Keywords: Fuel - Combustion; Fuel; Waste products as fuel

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pilusa, T. J. (2012). Process parameters and conditions for batch production of eco-fuel briquettes. (Thesis). University of Johannesburg. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6894

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pilusa, Tsietsi Jefrey. “Process parameters and conditions for batch production of eco-fuel briquettes.” 2012. Thesis, University of Johannesburg. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6894.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pilusa, Tsietsi Jefrey. “Process parameters and conditions for batch production of eco-fuel briquettes.” 2012. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Pilusa TJ. Process parameters and conditions for batch production of eco-fuel briquettes. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6894.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Pilusa TJ. Process parameters and conditions for batch production of eco-fuel briquettes. [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6894

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

2. [No author]. Scoping of a commercial micro reformer for the production of hydrogen.

Degree: Faculty of Science, 2016, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8175

► Hydrogen has gained interest as fuel recently as the harmful effects of fossil fuels on the environment can no longer be ignored. Hydrogen, which produces… (more)

▼ Hydrogen has gained interest as fuel recently as the harmful effects of fossil fuels on the environment can no longer be ignored. Hydrogen, which produces no pollutants, forms the feed for cleaner fuel cells systems currently in use. Fuel cells, although not as economically viable as fossil fuels, have found a foothold in the energy market in various markets like power backup and use in remote locations. Production of hydrogen is still largely done via fossil fuel reforming and this technology has received renewed interest for use with fuel cells in the form of micro- reformers or fuel processors. This study entailed the performance benchmarking of a so called Best-in-Class commercial micro reformer (as available in 2010), the 1 kW WS FLOX Reformer, and was undertaken under the auspices of the national HySA programme. The study’s focus was primarily on reformate output quality (carbon monoxide concentration), and start up time, thermal efficiency and hydrogen output (15 SCLM). The reformer consisted of a combustion section encased in an outer reforming section consisting of three reactors in series, steam reforming, water gas shift and selective methanation. As-provided temperature control is simplified though the use of only one temperature setpoint in the combustion chamber and temperature control in the CO clean up stages obtained through means of heat transfer with incoming water being evaporated. Combustion takes place through flame combustion or by means of the supplier’s patented FLOX (flameless oxidation) combustion. The purchased FLOX Reformer assembly was integrated into a fully automated unit with all balance of plant components as well as microGC and flue gas analysis for measurement of outlet conditions. The FLOX Reformer was tested at multiple combustion temperatures, combustion flowrates, reforming loads and steam-to-carbon ratios to obtain a wide set of benchmark data. From the testing it was found that the reformer was able to produce the necessary 15 SCLM hydrogen with a carbon monoxide purity of less than 10 ppm as required in fuel cells for all testing if the reaction temperatures were within the recommended limits. Intermediary water gas shift analysis showed methane and carbon monoxide conversion in the reforming and water gas shift stages to be identical to thermodynamic equilibrium conversion – 95% and higher for all temperatures. iii Selective methanation conversion obtained was 99%, but not always at equilibrium conversion due to increased selective methanation temperatures, where carbon dioxide methanation was also observed at the higher temperatures. Temperature control through heat exchange with incoming water in the CO removal stages was found to be less than ideal as the temperature inside these stages fluctuated dramatically due to inaccuracies in the water pump and a lagged response to flowrate changes. Startup times of less than an hour was observed for multiple combustion flowrates and the reformer boasts a standby function to reduce this to less than half an hour. The thermal…

Subjects/Keywords: Hydrogen as fuel; Fuel processors

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APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2016). Scoping of a commercial micro reformer for the production of hydrogen. (Thesis). Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8175

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “Scoping of a commercial micro reformer for the production of hydrogen.” 2016. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8175.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “Scoping of a commercial micro reformer for the production of hydrogen.” 2016. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

author] [. Scoping of a commercial micro reformer for the production of hydrogen. [Internet] [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8175.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. Scoping of a commercial micro reformer for the production of hydrogen. [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8175

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oregon State University

3. Rieck, Henry George. Industrial fuel from controlled pyrolysis of sawmill wastes.

Degree: MS, Chemical Engineering, 1944, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/53273

Subjects/Keywords: Fuel

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APA (6^th Edition):

Rieck, H. G. (1944). Industrial fuel from controlled pyrolysis of sawmill wastes. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/53273

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rieck, Henry George. “Industrial fuel from controlled pyrolysis of sawmill wastes.” 1944. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/53273.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rieck, Henry George. “Industrial fuel from controlled pyrolysis of sawmill wastes.” 1944. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Rieck HG. Industrial fuel from controlled pyrolysis of sawmill wastes. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1944. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/53273.

Council of Science Editors:

Rieck HG. Industrial fuel from controlled pyrolysis of sawmill wastes. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1944. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/53273

California State Polytechnic University – Pomona

4. Murphy, Andrew. Numerical CFD Analysis of Compact Circular Proton-Conducting Fuel Cell.

Degree: MS, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2020, California State Polytechnic University – Pomona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/215715

► This thesis investigates the performance of a small portable fuel cell design using a digital finite element model of the fuel cell and solving with… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: fuel cell

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APA (6^th Edition):

Murphy, A. (2020). Numerical CFD Analysis of Compact Circular Proton-Conducting Fuel Cell. (Masters Thesis). California State Polytechnic University – Pomona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/215715

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Murphy, Andrew. “Numerical CFD Analysis of Compact Circular Proton-Conducting Fuel Cell.” 2020. Masters Thesis, California State Polytechnic University – Pomona. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/215715.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Murphy, Andrew. “Numerical CFD Analysis of Compact Circular Proton-Conducting Fuel Cell.” 2020. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Murphy A. Numerical CFD Analysis of Compact Circular Proton-Conducting Fuel Cell. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. California State Polytechnic University – Pomona; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/215715.

Council of Science Editors:

Murphy A. Numerical CFD Analysis of Compact Circular Proton-Conducting Fuel Cell. [Masters Thesis]. California State Polytechnic University – Pomona; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/215715

Colorado State University

5. Wan Mansor, Wan Nurdiyana. Dual fuel engine combustion and emissions - an experimental investigation coupled with computer simulation.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2014, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/88545

► Alternative fuels have been getting more attention as concerns escalate over exhaust pollutant emissions produced by internal combustion engines, higher fuel costs, and the depletion… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: dual fuel

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wan Mansor, W. N. (2014). Dual fuel engine combustion and emissions - an experimental investigation coupled with computer simulation. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/88545

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wan Mansor, Wan Nurdiyana. “Dual fuel engine combustion and emissions - an experimental investigation coupled with computer simulation.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/88545.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wan Mansor, Wan Nurdiyana. “Dual fuel engine combustion and emissions - an experimental investigation coupled with computer simulation.” 2014. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Wan Mansor WN. Dual fuel engine combustion and emissions - an experimental investigation coupled with computer simulation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/88545.

Council of Science Editors:

Wan Mansor WN. Dual fuel engine combustion and emissions - an experimental investigation coupled with computer simulation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/88545

California State University – Chico

6. Huynh, Ashleigh M. Fuel utilization of healthy individuals during level treadmill locomotion .

Degree: 2013, California State University – Chico

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.4/531

► Prehistoric man relied greatly on migration by foot, hence the inherent need of the human body to minimize energy expenditure. Through self-selecting a preferred walking… (more)

▼ Prehistoric man relied greatly on migration by foot, hence the inherent need of the human body to minimize energy expenditure. Through self-selecting a preferred walking speed (PWS) humans are capable of minimizing energy expenditure. The purpose of this study was to measure the energetic cost and kinematics of gait that occur with changes in walking speed. The PWS of eight women and six men was first determined. Subjects then walked on a level treadmill starting at 3.2 km/hr and speed was increased by 0.80 km/hr every 10 minutes up to 7.2 km/hr. Metabolic parameters (VO2, VCO2, RER, and HR) were collected during the last 2 minutes of each speed. Step length (SL) and step rate (SR) were assessed during the last minute at each speed. PWS was 4.33 ?? 0.56 km/hr. VO2 (L/min), RER, HR, SL, and SR all increased significantly at each walking speed. Regardless of how VO2 was expressed, it increased in a curvilinear fashion with increasing walking speed (p < 0.05). The O2 cost of transport was significantly higher at 3.2 km/hr than at walking speeds of 4.0 km/hr (p < 0.05), 4.8 km/hr (p < 0.05), and 5.6 km/hr (p = 0.006). The O2 cost of transport at 7.2 km/hr was significantly higher than at 3.2 km/hr (p = 0.038), 4.0 km/hr (p < 0.05), 4.8 km/hr (p < 0.05), 5.6 km/hr (p < 0.05), and 6.4 km/hr (p < 0.05). Percent of energy from fat decreased from 90 ?? 8.32% to 62 ?? 13.59 (p < 0.05), while the percent of energy from CHO increased from 10 ?? 8.17% to 43 ?? 21.58 % (p < 0.05) from 3.2 to 7.2 km/hr. SR at 3.2 km//hr was 1.59 ?? 0.03 steps per second and increased to 2.26 ?? 0.04 steps per second at 7.2 km/hr. SL also increased from 0.55 ?? 0.04 m to 0.89 ?? 0.07 m from 3.2 km/hr to7.2 km/hr. The O2 cost of transport was minimized at or near the PWS for all subjects. With greater walking speed oxygen consumption (VO2) increased in a curvilinear manner, energy from CHO increased, and energy from fat decreased. Both SR and SL increased with increased walking speed. Greater O2 cost below the PWS may be explained by the inefficiency of a shorter SL. Advisors/Committee Members: Azevedo, John L (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: fuel utilization

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APA (6^th Edition):

Huynh, A. M. (2013). Fuel utilization of healthy individuals during level treadmill locomotion . (Thesis). California State University – Chico. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10211.4/531

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Huynh, Ashleigh M. “Fuel utilization of healthy individuals during level treadmill locomotion .” 2013. Thesis, California State University – Chico. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10211.4/531.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Huynh, Ashleigh M. “Fuel utilization of healthy individuals during level treadmill locomotion .” 2013. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Huynh AM. Fuel utilization of healthy individuals during level treadmill locomotion . [Internet] [Thesis]. California State University – Chico; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.4/531.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Huynh AM. Fuel utilization of healthy individuals during level treadmill locomotion . [Thesis]. California State University – Chico; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.4/531

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – Berkeley

7. Terrani, Kurt Amir. Incorporation of Hydride Nuclear Fuels in Commercial Light Water Reactors.

Degree: Nuclear Engineering, 2010, University of California – Berkeley

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/48d78064

► This dissertation intends to examine basic materials properties, identify optimized fabrication techniques, model behavior under relevant environments, and experimentally quantify kinetic phenomena associated with hydride… (more)

▼ This dissertation intends to examine basic materials properties, identify optimized fabrication techniques, model behavior under relevant environments, and experimentally quantify kinetic phenomena associated with hydride nuclear fuels. Hydride fuels have been examined extensively for application in light water reactors (LWR) from the neutronics and thermal hydraulic standpoints, the benefits of this fuel have been underscored through such studies. This manuscript provides the background for understanding materials aspects of hydride fuel incorporation in LWR environments. The proposed LWR hydride fuel concept consists of uranium-zirconium hydride pellets clad in Zircaloy and bonded with a lead-bismuth alloy. The fuel material consists of metallic uranium particles dispersed in a zirconium hydride matrix, although thorium and/or other minor actinide hydride matrices could be utilized. The eutectic lead-bismuth alloy is liquid during reactor operating temperatures and replaces the conventionally-used helium gas in the fuel-cladding gap, thereby providing a thermal conductivity increase of two orders of magnitude. Initially uranium-thorium-zirconium hydrides were fabricated and extensively characterized. This provided detailed insight into fuel properties and the influence of fabrication methodology. A modeling approach was undertaken to examine hydride fuel behavior under steady-state and transient-power conditions in a typical LWR. This study outlined the operating parameters and fuel-response characteristics under various reactor operating conditions that support the feasibility of hydride fuel incorporation into LWRs. The kinetics of hydrogen release from the fuel, associated with one of the most severe accident scenarios, was investigated in detail. Mechanisms were identified for hydrogen desorption from and adsorption on zirconium hydride and the rates associated with each process were quantified. Hydrogen diffusivity in the thorium-zirconium hydride matrix, which is one of the critical parameters affecting fabrication and in-reactor fuel behavior, was experimentally determined by the means of incoherent quasielastic neutron scattering. Finally experiments were conducted to examine compatibility of hydride fuel with Zircaloy cladding when bonded by liquid-metal. A thin oxide grown on the surface of the cladding coupled with liquid metal was tentatively identified as adequate to limit hydrogen transport form the fuel to the cladding. Recognizing the necessity of a shift from laboratory scale experiments to more relevant fuel-operating environments, an irradiation experiment was conceived to examine the liquid-metal-bonded LWR hydride fuel concept.

Subjects/Keywords: Nuclear Engineering; Hydride Fuel; Nuclear Fuel

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APA (6^th Edition):

Terrani, K. A. (2010). Incorporation of Hydride Nuclear Fuels in Commercial Light Water Reactors. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/48d78064

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Terrani, Kurt Amir. “Incorporation of Hydride Nuclear Fuels in Commercial Light Water Reactors.” 2010. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/48d78064.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Terrani, Kurt Amir. “Incorporation of Hydride Nuclear Fuels in Commercial Light Water Reactors.” 2010. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Terrani KA. Incorporation of Hydride Nuclear Fuels in Commercial Light Water Reactors. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/48d78064.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Terrani KA. Incorporation of Hydride Nuclear Fuels in Commercial Light Water Reactors. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2010. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/48d78064

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oregon State University

8. Jost, William C. Mixed reactant single chamber fuel cell, using products generated from the electrolysis of an aqueous electrolyte.

Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2008, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/8178

► A Mixed Reactant Single Chamber (MRSC) Fuel Cell is a relatively recent concept in the field of fuel cell engineering originally developed in the late… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Fuel Cell; Fuel cells – Design and construction

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jost, W. C. (2008). Mixed reactant single chamber fuel cell, using products generated from the electrolysis of an aqueous electrolyte. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/8178

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jost, William C. “Mixed reactant single chamber fuel cell, using products generated from the electrolysis of an aqueous electrolyte.” 2008. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/8178.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jost, William C. “Mixed reactant single chamber fuel cell, using products generated from the electrolysis of an aqueous electrolyte.” 2008. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Jost WC. Mixed reactant single chamber fuel cell, using products generated from the electrolysis of an aqueous electrolyte. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 2008. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/8178.

Council of Science Editors:

Jost WC. Mixed reactant single chamber fuel cell, using products generated from the electrolysis of an aqueous electrolyte. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/8178

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

9. Wu, Qixing. Characteristics of mass transport in direct methanol fuel cells operating with highly-concentrated fuel.

Degree: 2011, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

URL: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-7359 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1155688 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-7359/1/th_redirect.html

► A significant advantage of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) is the high specific energy of the liquid fuel, making it particularly suitable for mobile applications.… (more)

▼ A significant advantage of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) is the high specific energy of the liquid fuel, making it particularly suitable for mobile applications. Nevertheless, conventional DMFCs have to operate with excessively diluted methanol solutions to limit the methanol crossover and its detrimental consequences. Operation with diluted methanol solutions significantly reduces the specific energy of the power pack and thereby prevents it from competing with advanced batteries. In view of this fact, there exists a need to improve conventional DMFC system designs, including membrane electrode assemblies and the subsystems for supplying/removing reactants/products. This thesis focuses on experimental and theoretical investigation of mass transfer characteristics in DMFCs operating with highly-concentrated and neat methanol. First of all, a microfluidic-structured anode flow field has been developed. The fuel cell tests show that the innovative flow field allows the DMFC to achieve a good performance with a methanol concentration as high as 18.0 M. The remainder of the thesis is then focused on the study of neat methanol operating characteristics. To understand the role of water, a method that enables the water transport rate through the membrane to be in-situ determined has been developed. With this method, the effects of the MEA design and operating conditions on the water transport as well as its influence on the product distribution of the MOR, the anode overpotential and the cell internal resistance have been investigated. With the increased understanding of water transport characteristics, the design of the cathode gas diffusion layer has been optimized to improve both the water and oxygen management. To further increase the performance, a thin layer consisting of nanosized SiO2 particles and Nafion ionomer is proposed to be coated onto each side of the membrane; the experimental results show that the added SiO2 layers can upgrade the cell performance by 26%. Keywords: Direct methanol fuel cell; Specific energy; Concentrated fuel; Neat methanol; Mass transport

Subjects/Keywords: Fuel cells ; Methanol as fuel ; Mass transfer

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wu, Q. (2011). Characteristics of mass transport in direct methanol fuel cells operating with highly-concentrated fuel. (Thesis). Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-7359 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1155688 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-7359/1/th_redirect.html

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wu, Qixing. “Characteristics of mass transport in direct methanol fuel cells operating with highly-concentrated fuel.” 2011. Thesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-7359 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1155688 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-7359/1/th_redirect.html.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wu, Qixing. “Characteristics of mass transport in direct methanol fuel cells operating with highly-concentrated fuel.” 2011. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Wu Q. Characteristics of mass transport in direct methanol fuel cells operating with highly-concentrated fuel. [Internet] [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-7359 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1155688 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-7359/1/th_redirect.html.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wu Q. Characteristics of mass transport in direct methanol fuel cells operating with highly-concentrated fuel. [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 2011. Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-7359 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1155688 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-7359/1/th_redirect.html

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

10. Xing, Zelong. Core-shell electrocatalysts based on Au core for ethanol electrooxidation.

Degree: 2016, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

URL: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-88560 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1626267 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-88560/1/th_redirect.html

► Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) are well-known as emerging power converters that have attracted enormous attention due to their high theoretical energy density, low operating… (more)

▼ Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) are well-known as emerging power converters that have attracted enormous attention due to their high theoretical energy density, low operating temperature and low toxicity. Electrooxidation of ethanol on noble metals, such as platinum is of particular interest due to its potential application in low-temperature DEFCs. The slow, incomplete oxidation of ethanol as well as the high price of platinum has impeded the wide application of DEFCs. In response to these challenges, several core-shell electrocatalysts were designed with better electrochemical performance and lower cost than pure Pt/C. Five groups of Au nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized with narrow size distributions: 1.9 ±0.3 nm, 2.8 ± 0.4 nm, 3.6 ±0.3 nm, 4.8 ±0.4 nm and 5.6 ± 1.1 nm. These samples are nearly spherical in shape and well dispersed on high-surface area carbon. Then, [email protected] core-shell electrocatalysts were prepared by the two-step process, in which a Cu monolayer was underpotentially deposited (UPD) on surfaces of Au NPs followed by the replacement of Cu with Pt. The much higher activity toward ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) on the core-shell structure ([email protected]) than Pt/C was demonstrated by higher current density and negative shift of onset potential. The activity enhancement was caused by the ligand and strain effects from the Au core. The particle size and Pt shell thickness effects have been systematically studied. The current densities decreased in the order of [email protected] (2.8 nm) ＞ [email protected] (3.6 nm) ＞ [email protected] (4.8 nm) ＞ [email protected] (5.8 nm) ＞ [email protected] (1.9 nm). The [email protected] (2.8 nm) was at least seven times more active than commercial Pt/C in terms of peak current density. The EOR activity decreased with a thicker Pt shell due to a weaker effect from the Au core. SnO₂ nanoparticles were also loaded on carbon surface to introduce the bi-functional mechanism to further improve the activity by 170%. In a further study, the [email protected] surface was modified with Ru, Rh and SnO₂. Compared to [email protected]/C, the peak current densities of [email protected]₂/C and [email protected]/C were enhanced by 250% and 220%, respectively, while the [email protected] did not change the activity significantly. Due to the bifunctional effect, the Ru could produce OH^- at lower potential with respect to Pt. Therefore, the catalytic system with Ru has a lower onset potential for the CO oxidation. Based on the surface modification results, the Pt-Ru mixed shell was optimized to further combine the bifunctional and ligand effects of Ru.

Subjects/Keywords: Fuel cells ; Materials ; Electrocatalysis ; Ethanol as fuel

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APA (6^th Edition):

Xing, Z. (2016). Core-shell electrocatalysts based on Au core for ethanol electrooxidation. (Thesis). Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-88560 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1626267 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-88560/1/th_redirect.html

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Xing, Zelong. “Core-shell electrocatalysts based on Au core for ethanol electrooxidation.” 2016. Thesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-88560 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1626267 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-88560/1/th_redirect.html.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Xing, Zelong. “Core-shell electrocatalysts based on Au core for ethanol electrooxidation.” 2016. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Xing Z. Core-shell electrocatalysts based on Au core for ethanol electrooxidation. [Internet] [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-88560 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1626267 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-88560/1/th_redirect.html.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Xing Z. Core-shell electrocatalysts based on Au core for ethanol electrooxidation. [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 2016. Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-88560 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1626267 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-88560/1/th_redirect.html

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Guelph

11. Crozier, Ryan. Characterization of Temperature Changes at the Gas-Electrode Interface of Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite - Gadolinium doped Ceria based Cathodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells used in Mobile Applications.

Degree: MS, Department of Chemistry, 2019, University of Guelph

URL: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/17490

► Increased awareness of climate change and problems associated with environmental pollution have led to an international search for alternative fuel sources and methods of energy… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: fuel cell; solid oxide fuel cell

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APA (6^th Edition):

Crozier, R. (2019). Characterization of Temperature Changes at the Gas-Electrode Interface of Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite - Gadolinium doped Ceria based Cathodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells used in Mobile Applications. (Masters Thesis). University of Guelph. Retrieved from https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/17490

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Crozier, Ryan. “Characterization of Temperature Changes at the Gas-Electrode Interface of Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite - Gadolinium doped Ceria based Cathodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells used in Mobile Applications.” 2019. Masters Thesis, University of Guelph. Accessed March 08, 2021. https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/17490.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Crozier, Ryan. “Characterization of Temperature Changes at the Gas-Electrode Interface of Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite - Gadolinium doped Ceria based Cathodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells used in Mobile Applications.” 2019. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Crozier R. Characterization of Temperature Changes at the Gas-Electrode Interface of Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite - Gadolinium doped Ceria based Cathodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells used in Mobile Applications. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Guelph; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/17490.

Council of Science Editors:

Crozier R. Characterization of Temperature Changes at the Gas-Electrode Interface of Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite - Gadolinium doped Ceria based Cathodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells used in Mobile Applications. [Masters Thesis]. University of Guelph; 2019. Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/17490

University of Texas – Austin

12. -3703-6555. Novel methods for generalizing nuclear fuel cycle design, and fuel burnup modeling.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2015, University of Texas – Austin

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/45763

► The large number of reactor designs and concepts in existence open up a vast array of nuclear fuel cycle strategies. u. These different reactor types… (more)

▼ The large number of reactor designs and concepts in existence open up a vast array of nuclear fuel cycle strategies. u. These different reactor types require unique supporting systems from raw material extraction and handling to waste management. Any system designed to model nuclear energy should therefore have methods that are capability of representing a large number of unique fuel cycles. This work examines a user interface designed to generalize the design of nuclear fuel cycles. This software, known as CycIC, allows users to interact graphically with a fuel cycle simulator (Cyclus). In this work, the capabilities of CycIC were improved through two rounds of rigorous user experience testing. These tests were used as a basis for implementing improvements to the software. Two views inside the software were improved to allow for users to interact with the software more intuitively, and features that provide help to the users were added to improve understanding of fuel cycles and Cyclus. Additionally, this work expands the capabilities of a reactor modeling software (known as Bright-lite) which uses the fluence based neutron balance approach to determine burnup, criticality, and transmutation matrixes for nuclear reactors to augment its modeling of the broadest range of fuel cycle strategies. Specifically, a multi-dimensional interpolation method was implemented to enable reactors to be characterized by sets of cross section libraries which potentially depend on a large number of reactor characteristics. The accuracy of this interpolation method is demonstrated for a number of parameters for light water reactors, and techniques for using this interpolation method to automatically generate reactor libraries for Bright-lite are demonstrated. This research also generalizes the ability of the Bright-lite to blend multiple streams of nuclear fuel while still maintaining constraints. This system is demonstrated for continuous recycle nuclear fuel cycles utilizing light water and fast spectrum reactors. The results show that Bright-lite is capable of blending fuel to reach several targets using up to three different input streams. Advisors/Committee Members: Schneider, Erich A. (advisor), Wilson, Paul (committee member), Livnat, Yarden (committee member), Landsberger, Sheldon (committee member), Biegalski, Steven (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Nuclear fuel cycle; Reactor modeling; Fuel blending

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APA (6^th Edition):

-3703-6555. (2015). Novel methods for generalizing nuclear fuel cycle design, and fuel burnup modeling. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/45763

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

-3703-6555. “Novel methods for generalizing nuclear fuel cycle design, and fuel burnup modeling.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/45763.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

-3703-6555. “Novel methods for generalizing nuclear fuel cycle design, and fuel burnup modeling.” 2015. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Vancouver:

-3703-6555. Novel methods for generalizing nuclear fuel cycle design, and fuel burnup modeling. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/45763.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Council of Science Editors:

-3703-6555. Novel methods for generalizing nuclear fuel cycle design, and fuel burnup modeling. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/45763

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Georgia Tech

13. Fang, Zhengyuan Jung. Mass Transport and Durability of Proton-Exchange-Membrane Fuel Cell Electrodes.

Degree: PhD, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 2020, Georgia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/64129

► Large transport resistances at high current densities hinder the proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells from reaching performance-cost-durability targets set by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). In… (more)

▼ Large transport resistances at high current densities hinder the proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells from reaching performance-cost-durability targets set by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). In this dissertation, the effect of carbon corrosion on the electrode wettability and the effect of carbon surface functionalization on the fuel cell performance and durability are investigated. In the wettability study, commercial membrane electrode assemblies were employed and the surface roughness and porosity were fitted to surface texture models. It was found that cathode sustained its wettability after up to 35 wt% of carbon support loss, at which the cell performance dropped below the DOE’s durability-performance target. In the surface functionalization study, three schemes were investigated for either grafting positively charged nitrogen surface groups or negatively charged sulfonate groups for three types of carbon supports. In full-cell tests, improvements over high current densities were observed in samples reacted with para-phenylenediamine or ammonia, whereas the performance decreased after functionalization with sulfonate groups. The improvement at high current densities exceeded the mass-activity improvement and was attributed to reduced mass-transfer polarizations. Furthermore, a statistical approach was explored to examine the changes in ionomer surface coverage and ionomer coverage was found to increase after functionalization with nitrogen containing group. In addition, accelerated stress tests were performed to study the durability. Lastly, a modified agglomerate model was developed to study the effect of ionomer coverage on the electrode mass-transport resistance. The major contributions of this dissertation include understanding the role of electrode wettability in durability studies, providing high-performing carbon supports that can be incorporated to the state-of-the-art electrocatalysts, and exploring a novel approach to calculate nano-scale ionomer coverage on the electrocatalysts. Advisors/Committee Members: Fuller, Thomas F (advisor), Kohl, Paul A (committee member), Liu, Nian (committee member), Ludovice, Peter J (committee member), Alamgir, Faisal (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: PEM fuel cell; fuel cell durability

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fang, Z. J. (2020). Mass Transport and Durability of Proton-Exchange-Membrane Fuel Cell Electrodes. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/64129

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fang, Zhengyuan Jung. “Mass Transport and Durability of Proton-Exchange-Membrane Fuel Cell Electrodes.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/64129.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fang, Zhengyuan Jung. “Mass Transport and Durability of Proton-Exchange-Membrane Fuel Cell Electrodes.” 2020. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Fang ZJ. Mass Transport and Durability of Proton-Exchange-Membrane Fuel Cell Electrodes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/64129.

Council of Science Editors:

Fang ZJ. Mass Transport and Durability of Proton-Exchange-Membrane Fuel Cell Electrodes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/64129

14. Mohd Yusoff, Nurrul Rahmah. Continuous biodiesel process using ultrasonic in-line reactor for jatropha curcas oil (JCO).

Degree: Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2017, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

URL: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/9854/

► Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for replacing diesel fuel in compression ignition engines. Due to the complexity of the diesel fuel production and exhaust emissions… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: TP315-360 Fuel

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mohd Yusoff, N. R. (2017). Continuous biodiesel process using ultrasonic in-line reactor for jatropha curcas oil (JCO). (Masters Thesis). Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Retrieved from http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/9854/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mohd Yusoff, Nurrul Rahmah. “Continuous biodiesel process using ultrasonic in-line reactor for jatropha curcas oil (JCO).” 2017. Masters Thesis, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/9854/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mohd Yusoff, Nurrul Rahmah. “Continuous biodiesel process using ultrasonic in-line reactor for jatropha curcas oil (JCO).” 2017. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Mohd Yusoff NR. Continuous biodiesel process using ultrasonic in-line reactor for jatropha curcas oil (JCO). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/9854/.

Council of Science Editors:

Mohd Yusoff NR. Continuous biodiesel process using ultrasonic in-line reactor for jatropha curcas oil (JCO). [Masters Thesis]. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia; 2017. Available from: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/9854/

15. Andsaler, Adiba Rhaodah. Simulation of variant ambient condition and injection pressure on mixture formation of biodiesel spray.

Degree: Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2017, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

URL: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/9890/

► The global environmental change and global warming effects have been become a famous issue and also the major interest in the world. The search for… (more)

▼ The global environmental change and global warming effects have been become a famous issue and also the major interest in the world. The search for higher energy efficiency of industrial scale of rapid compression machine (RCM) to obtain low emission especially Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) has demanded experimental studies that are complemented with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The purpose of this study is to simulate the physics flow pattern of mixture formation with tangential velocity between biodiesel and diesel fuel and air in the mixing chamber of RCM, to determine the nozzle flow and spray characteristics for different injection pressure of biodiesel spray to ambient variant conditions on mixture formation and comparing three types of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) biodiesel blends, B5, B10 and B15 with different ambient density on nozzle flow and spray characteristics by using CFD. To this end, an Eulerian-Lagrangian multiphase approach has been used to simulate the spray processes. CFD Fluent is utilized in this study to investigate the spray characteristics of biodiesel fuels. The simulation considered injection of biodiesel in the constant volume chamber of RCM. The boundary condition is set up at different ambient parameter while the other parameters are kept constant. The effect of fuel type, injection pressure and ambient parameter on the spray behaviour such as spray penetration has been studied under the presence of incylinder flow. The spray penetration variation with time for different ambient parameters and also various biodiesel types, shown the fact that all the fuels atomize faster in the presence of higher injection pressures and slightly slower in higher ambient densities. In particular, high injection pressures were predicted to be more necessary for the biodiesel fuels to develop their break-up. The high ambient temperature shorter the ignitions delay. The effects of these different parameters are analyzed into spray characteristics and compared with the experimental results.

Subjects/Keywords: TP315-360 Fuel

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APA (6^th Edition):

Andsaler, A. R. (2017). Simulation of variant ambient condition and injection pressure on mixture formation of biodiesel spray. (Masters Thesis). Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Retrieved from http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/9890/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Andsaler, Adiba Rhaodah. “Simulation of variant ambient condition and injection pressure on mixture formation of biodiesel spray.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/9890/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Andsaler, Adiba Rhaodah. “Simulation of variant ambient condition and injection pressure on mixture formation of biodiesel spray.” 2017. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Andsaler AR. Simulation of variant ambient condition and injection pressure on mixture formation of biodiesel spray. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/9890/.

Council of Science Editors:

Andsaler AR. Simulation of variant ambient condition and injection pressure on mixture formation of biodiesel spray. [Masters Thesis]. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia; 2017. Available from: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/9890/

16. Risit, Wellson. Identification of biodiesel yield and its properties from microalgae Botryococcus sp isolated at Sembrong dam.

Degree: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2017, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

URL: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/9908/

► Recently, the unceasing dependency upon fossil-based feedstock has triggered fuel shortages, volatility of fuel price hike and numerous discharging of carbon dioxide resulted from the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: TP315-360 Fuel

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APA (6^th Edition):

Risit, W. (2017). Identification of biodiesel yield and its properties from microalgae Botryococcus sp isolated at Sembrong dam. (Masters Thesis). Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Retrieved from http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/9908/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Risit, Wellson. “Identification of biodiesel yield and its properties from microalgae Botryococcus sp isolated at Sembrong dam.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/9908/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Risit, Wellson. “Identification of biodiesel yield and its properties from microalgae Botryococcus sp isolated at Sembrong dam.” 2017. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Risit W. Identification of biodiesel yield and its properties from microalgae Botryococcus sp isolated at Sembrong dam. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/9908/.

Council of Science Editors:

Risit W. Identification of biodiesel yield and its properties from microalgae Botryococcus sp isolated at Sembrong dam. [Masters Thesis]. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia; 2017. Available from: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/9908/

17. Agustian , Egi. Production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using ultrasonic tubular reactor.

Degree: Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, 2012, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

URL: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/2651/

► The aim of study is to produce the synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) using ultrasonic tubular reactor at laboratory scale. The experiment… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: TP315-360 Fuel

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APA (6^th Edition):

Agustian , E. (2012). Production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using ultrasonic tubular reactor. (Masters Thesis). Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Retrieved from http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/2651/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Agustian , Egi. “Production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using ultrasonic tubular reactor.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/2651/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Agustian , Egi. “Production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using ultrasonic tubular reactor.” 2012. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Agustian E. Production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using ultrasonic tubular reactor. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/2651/.

Council of Science Editors:

Agustian E. Production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using ultrasonic tubular reactor. [Masters Thesis]. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia; 2012. Available from: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/2651/

18. Mohd Ali, Mas Fawzi. Research on control of ignition and THC formation in CNG engines by the application of gas-jet direct-ignition technique.

Degree: phd, School of Advanced Technology and Science, 2012, University of Tokushima

URL: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/4641/

► Increasing world energy demand and recent climate change due to global warming have led us to search for sustainable energy sources with the lowest possible… (more)

▼ Increasing world energy demand and recent climate change due to global warming have led us to search for sustainable energy sources with the lowest possible greenhouse-gas emissions. Our main energy, which sources from fossil fuel, is not sustainable and its combustion produces high content of harmful emissions. Hydrogen is always thought to be an ideal fuel because it is clean, renewable, and has abundant energy sources. Apparently, before hydrogen can be realized as the main energy source, a few major problems, such as the realtime production, safe and convenient storage, efficient combustion of hydrogen gas, and high production cost, need to be addressed. While waiting for the hydrogen technology to mature, the use of other types of gaseous fuel to combat the greenhouse-gas emissions deem necessary. Natural gas is not a renewable fuel but it has abundant resources and the lowest average specific CO2 emission among the non-renewable fossil fuel energy resources. Gas engines are typically utilized for electric power generation but are becoming popular in transportation sector. Recent statistical data obtained from NGV Global shows the worldwide growth of NGVs is increasing exponentially. A CNG engine is usually operated in the lean mode where equivalence ratio is between 0.7 and 1.0 by employing premixed-type ignition technique. The CNG lean-burn approach has the advantage of high thermal efficiency, low NOX emission, and lower fuel consumption compared to stoichiometric combustion. However, CNG lean combustion has problems such as poor ignitability and poor flame propagation which cause high cyclic variation, misfires and high THC emission. Using the lean-burn approach, the ignitability of the first flame core relies on local fuel-air mixture concentration near the ignition position. Too rich or too lean local mixture will cause the first flame core to quench before it begins to propagate to other parts of the combustion chamber. It causes poor combustion quality, misfires and higher cycle-to-cycle variations. In this study, a gas-jet direct-ignition method was applied to improve lean CNG engines operation. The gas-jet ignition method employs late injection timing technique which is very near to the ignition timing. The injected fuel reaches the ignition point with low jet velocity to ensure ignitability, while at the same time creating enough combustible mixture to support v flame core development. Through experiments, it was found that the gas-jet ignition method was able to operate in ultra lean mode at equivalence ratio less than 0.3. To enable engine operation at equivalence ratio between 0.3 and 0.8, gas-jet ignition with two-stage injection method has to be implemented. The second gas injection followed by ignition similar to the gas-jet ignition, ensures ignitability. The first injection is delivered early similar to the premixed-type ignition method to create non-heterogeneous mixture to sustain flame development from the kernel initiated by the gas-jet ignition. In the…

Subjects/Keywords: TP315-360 Fuel

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mohd Ali, M. F. (2012). Research on control of ignition and THC formation in CNG engines by the application of gas-jet direct-ignition technique. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Tokushima. Retrieved from http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/4641/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mohd Ali, Mas Fawzi. “Research on control of ignition and THC formation in CNG engines by the application of gas-jet direct-ignition technique.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Tokushima. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/4641/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mohd Ali, Mas Fawzi. “Research on control of ignition and THC formation in CNG engines by the application of gas-jet direct-ignition technique.” 2012. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Mohd Ali MF. Research on control of ignition and THC formation in CNG engines by the application of gas-jet direct-ignition technique. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Tokushima; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/4641/.

Council of Science Editors:

Mohd Ali MF. Research on control of ignition and THC formation in CNG engines by the application of gas-jet direct-ignition technique. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Tokushima; 2012. Available from: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/4641/

19. Zakaria, Hanis. Effects of storage temperature and storage duration on biodiesel properties, visual appearances, and emission.

Degree: Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, 2013, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

URL: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/4691/

► Biofuels based on vegetable oils offer the advantage being a sustainable and environmentally attractive alternative to conventional petroleum based fuel. Biodiesel is produced from any… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: TP315-360 Fuel

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zakaria, H. (2013). Effects of storage temperature and storage duration on biodiesel properties, visual appearances, and emission. (Masters Thesis). Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Retrieved from http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/4691/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zakaria, Hanis. “Effects of storage temperature and storage duration on biodiesel properties, visual appearances, and emission.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/4691/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zakaria, Hanis. “Effects of storage temperature and storage duration on biodiesel properties, visual appearances, and emission.” 2013. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Zakaria H. Effects of storage temperature and storage duration on biodiesel properties, visual appearances, and emission. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/4691/.

Council of Science Editors:

Zakaria H. Effects of storage temperature and storage duration on biodiesel properties, visual appearances, and emission. [Masters Thesis]. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia; 2013. Available from: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/4691/

20. Sies, Mohamad Farid. Development of the premixing injector in burner system.

Degree: Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, 2013, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

URL: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/4704/

► The alternative fuel is good attention especially for renewable and prevention energy such as biodiesel. Biodiesel fuel (BDF) has a potential for external combustion. BDF… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: TP315-360 Fuel

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sies, M. F. (2013). Development of the premixing injector in burner system. (Masters Thesis). Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Retrieved from http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/4704/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sies, Mohamad Farid. “Development of the premixing injector in burner system.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/4704/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sies, Mohamad Farid. “Development of the premixing injector in burner system.” 2013. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Sies MF. Development of the premixing injector in burner system. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/4704/.

Council of Science Editors:

Sies MF. Development of the premixing injector in burner system. [Masters Thesis]. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia; 2013. Available from: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/4704/

21. Sani, Winardi. Multistage methanolysis of crude palm oil for biodiesel production in a pilot plant.

Degree: phd, Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, 2014, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

URL: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/6726/

► Crude palm oil (CPO), which is available in abundant in Malaysia, is used as the feedstock in this research work. The work starts with the… (more)

▼ Crude palm oil (CPO), which is available in abundant in Malaysia, is used as the feedstock in this research work. The work starts with the analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the feedstock and the associated product to obtain the major fatty acid compositions of triglyceride applicable in the crude palm oil. The kinetic models describing the change in the concentrations of the triglycerides, intermediates, alcohol, and the products during the reaction course are formulated through the corresponding kinetic mechanism. By looking at the kinetic mechanisms of the reaction, the chemical reaction is better understood. The ultimately proposed kinetic models of the biodiesel production from crude palm oil and methanol under the presence of a base catalyst follow the second order differential equations without a shunt reaction. The emphasis of this research work is on the study of the methanolysis of the crude palm oil under a base catalyst (transesterification) to produce biodiesel at high quality and maximum yield. The concentration profiles of the reactants and the products employed in the transesterification are obtained by solving numerically the associated differential equations with introducing the published reaction rate constants applied in a laboratory scale. The effect of the reversible transesterification reaction shows that each concentration profile of the reactants and the products tends to achieve an equilibrium after certain reaction time. The simulation results of the kinetic models are implemented in the pilot plant to produce biodiesel from CPO. Due to impurities such as unwanted gums and pigment, the feedstock must first undergo a physical treatment including degumming and bleaching processes. The high content of water and free fatty acid containing in CPO requires an esterification process. The main objective of this process is to lower that value to a minimum level to avoid the undesired effects such as saponification and inefficiency of the catalyst. Methanolysis of triglyceride under an alkaline catalyst, transesterification, can be subsequently carried out. Production of biodiesel in a larger scale needs a particular material handling compared to that in laboratory scale. Uncertainty of isothermal state during the reaction iv course, uniform mixing in the catalyst preparation, and the effect of the inert gas as the process safety agent will affect adversely the conversion and also the yield. Consequently, the transesterification process must be carried out in stages to achieve a high conversion of palm oil to biodiesel. To attain this objective, the molar ratio of palm oil to methanol for each stage can be adjusted to minimize the methanol usage and the steam consumption. In a batch{mode operated plant, the conversion can vary from a batch to a another batch process. With this approach, it is expected that the high conversion above 96.5 % by weight, as requested by EN 14214 standard, as well as a high yield of biodiesel can be achieved. Gas…

Subjects/Keywords: TP315-360 Fuel

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sani, W. (2014). Multistage methanolysis of crude palm oil for biodiesel production in a pilot plant. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Retrieved from http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/6726/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sani, Winardi. “Multistage methanolysis of crude palm oil for biodiesel production in a pilot plant.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/6726/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sani, Winardi. “Multistage methanolysis of crude palm oil for biodiesel production in a pilot plant.” 2014. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Sani W. Multistage methanolysis of crude palm oil for biodiesel production in a pilot plant. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/6726/.

Council of Science Editors:

Sani W. Multistage methanolysis of crude palm oil for biodiesel production in a pilot plant. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia; 2014. Available from: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/6726/

22. Hasan, Sulaiman; Hasnan, Khalid; Md Yusof, Mohammad Zainal. Reaction kinetic model for the two-step transesterification in the biodiesel production plant.

Degree: Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, 2015, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

URL: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/6908/

► Crude palm oil (CPO), which is available in abundant in Malaysia, is used as the feedstock in this research work. The work starts with the… (more)

▼ Crude palm oil (CPO), which is available in abundant in Malaysia, is used as the feedstock in this research work. The work starts with the analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the feedstock and the associated product to obtain the major fatty acid compositions of triglyceride applicable in the crude palm oil. The kinetic models describing the change in the concentrations of the triglycerides, intermediates, alcohol, and the products during the reaction course are formulated through the corresponding kinetic mechanism. By looking at the kinetic mechanisms of the reaction, the chemical reaction is better understood. The ultimately proposed kinetic models of the biodiesel production from crude palm oil and methanol under presence of a base catalyst follow the second order differential equations without a shunt reaction. The emphasis of this research work is on the study of the alcoholysis of the crude palm oil under a base catalyst (transesterification) to produce biodiesel at a high quality and a maximum yield. The concentration profiles of thc rcactants arid the products employed in the transesterification are obtained by solving numerically the associated differential equations with introducing the published reaction rate constants applied in a laboratory scale. The effect of t,he reversible transesterification reaction shows, that each concentration profile of the reactants and the products tends to achieve an equilibrium after a certain reaction time. The simulation results of the kinetics models are implemented in conducting experiments in the pilot plant to produce biodiesel from CPO. Due to impurities such as unwanted gums and pigment, the feedstock must first undergo a physical treatment including degumming and bleaching processes. The high content of water and free fatty acid containing in CPO requires an esterification process. The main objective of this process is to lower that value at a minimum level to avoid the undesired effects such as saponification and inefficiency of the catalyst. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis method was used to determine the methyl ester contents during the reaction progress. Based on these accurate experiment data along with the simulation results, a validation was done. Technical improvements in the plant operation can therefore be deduced towards the best plant performance and a high quality of biodiesel product.

Subjects/Keywords: TP315-360 Fuel

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hasan, Sulaiman; Hasnan, Khalid; Md Yusof, M. Z. (2015). Reaction kinetic model for the two-step transesterification in the biodiesel production plant. (Thesis). Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Retrieved from http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/6908/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hasan, Sulaiman; Hasnan, Khalid; Md Yusof, Mohammad Zainal. “Reaction kinetic model for the two-step transesterification in the biodiesel production plant.” 2015. Thesis, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/6908/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hasan, Sulaiman; Hasnan, Khalid; Md Yusof, Mohammad Zainal. “Reaction kinetic model for the two-step transesterification in the biodiesel production plant.” 2015. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Hasan, Sulaiman; Hasnan, Khalid; Md Yusof MZ. Reaction kinetic model for the two-step transesterification in the biodiesel production plant. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/6908/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Hasan, Sulaiman; Hasnan, Khalid; Md Yusof MZ. Reaction kinetic model for the two-step transesterification in the biodiesel production plant. [Thesis]. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia; 2015. Available from: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/6908/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

23. Ahmad Tajuddin, Ahmad Syukri. Influences of preheat biodiesel fuel on performance and emissions characteristic of diesel engine.

Degree: Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, 2015, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

URL: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/7702/

► Biodiesel is a alternative fuel similar characteristic to diesel fuel. Biodiesel can produce from vegetable oil, animal fat and waste cooking oil. The reduction of… (more)

▼ Biodiesel is a alternative fuel similar characteristic to diesel fuel. Biodiesel can produce from vegetable oil, animal fat and waste cooking oil. The reduction of fossil fuel causes the increasing using the biodiesel fuel. However, using biodiesel fuel also has effected on engine performance and exhausts emission. Biodiesel are not efficiently in cold weather and this is biodiesel major problem. Viscosity has influences the fuels flow rate and poor fuel atomization during the combustion process. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of biodiesel to temperature and is carried out using of room temperature, 40°C and 60°C. To recommended the biodiesel blending ratio and biodiesel temperature that optimizes the engine performance and lower exhaust emissions. The performance data taken in this study is torque, brake power, brake mean effective pressure and fuel consumption. And for emission data taken in this study is CO, CO2, NOx and HC. There are three types of biodiesel oil is used to carry out this study (crude palm oil, waste cooking oil and jatropa oil). While there are 3 blending ratio that has been made towards biodiesel (5%, 10% and 15%) except for crude palm oil biodiesel for which there is additional another type of blending ratios provided for carrying out this study (20%). A single cylinder 4-stroke engine used for this study by setting two different load of 0% and 50%. Experiments were also carried out on standard diesel as a reference in this study. The results of this study have shown that the heating temperature 40 °C and 60 °C in CPO10 produce the highest brake power as well as torque and BMEP. For the experimental results of exhaust emission, the preheated temperature affects the degradation of the exhaust emission. The study also examined the inside of the combustion chamber and as are result have found that preheat biodiesel has increased the pressure on the cylinder combustion chamber. The result may help in improving the biodiesel technology.

Subjects/Keywords: TP315-360 Fuel

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ahmad Tajuddin, A. S. (2015). Influences of preheat biodiesel fuel on performance and emissions characteristic of diesel engine. (Masters Thesis). Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Retrieved from http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/7702/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ahmad Tajuddin, Ahmad Syukri. “Influences of preheat biodiesel fuel on performance and emissions characteristic of diesel engine.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/7702/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ahmad Tajuddin, Ahmad Syukri. “Influences of preheat biodiesel fuel on performance and emissions characteristic of diesel engine.” 2015. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Ahmad Tajuddin AS. Influences of preheat biodiesel fuel on performance and emissions characteristic of diesel engine. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/7702/.

Council of Science Editors:

Ahmad Tajuddin AS. Influences of preheat biodiesel fuel on performance and emissions characteristic of diesel engine. [Masters Thesis]. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia; 2015. Available from: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/7702/

24. Popov, A. L. Improving the hydrogen yield of microbial electrolysis cell with facilitated electron transfer using mediators, choice of environmental conditions and anode treatment with conductive materials.

Degree: PhD, 2015, University of South Wales

URL: https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/improving-the-hydrogen-yield-of-microbial-electrolysis-cell-with-facilitated-electron-transfer-using-mediators-choice-of-environmental-conditions-and-anode-treatment-with-conductive-materials(9894522f-4edd-4be9-b3bc-d0c2eddcddb3).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.795291

► The fermentative conversion of organic substrate to biohydrogen produces volatile fatty acid (VFA) rich effluents, typically a 40 % acetate and 60 % butyrate mixture.… (more)

▼ The fermentative conversion of organic substrate to biohydrogen produces volatile fatty acid (VFA) rich effluents, typically a 40 % acetate and 60 % butyrate mixture. These VFA products can be used as feedstock for microbial fuel cells (MFC), to recover more energy as electricity, or microbial electrolysis cells (MEC), to recover more hydrogen. The effect of pH and temperature on hydrogen production rate in MECs from acetate using continuous flow MEC was evaluated from daily hydrogen production rates and yield per mol substrate (acetate). The highest hydrogen production rate was achieved at 850 mV, pH 5cathode amounting to 200 cm3 L(anode)-1 day-1 and H2 yield 1.1 mol / mol substrate converted to hydrogen. The temperature of 30 ± 1 °C, was found to be best for hydrogen production in the system tested, with the performance of the reactor being reduced at a higher temperature, 42 ± 4 °C and at a lower temperature of 23 ± 2 °C. Experiments on the effect of immobilized electron mediators methylene blue (MB) and neutral red (NR) on the maximum power densities (Pmax) and voltage generation from acetate were conducted. The results showed that the improvement the power generation of a MFC (with MB anode) by the factor of 2 at temperatures of 8 ± 1 °C, 23 ± 2 °C and 33 ± 2.5 °C. The highest peak power density of Pmax (MB) = 11.78 W m-3 (7.5 mA) was achieved for the MFC (MB treated anode), compared to Pmax (control, plain carbon veil) =5.3 W m-3 (5.2 mA) at 35.5 °C. Neutral red however inhibited MFC performance at temperatures of 8 ± 1 °C, 23 ± 2 °C and 33 ± 2.5 °C with MFCs (NR) producing highest power density Pmax (NR) = =3.06 W m-3 (3.19 mA) at 35.5 °C. The effect of different acetate and butyrate concentrations, along with a full substrate switch on MEC performance was assessed. Two MEC cells were operated, one containing a bioanode acclimated to acetate (AC) and another with bioanode acclimated to butyrate (BU), for 20 mmol L-1 substrate. When the substrate concentration was changed from 20 mmol L-1 to 10 mmol L-1 and to 5 mmol L-1, to acetate and butyrate mixtures (10 mmol L-1 and 10 mmol L-1) and then finally changed over from acetate to butyrate and vice versa were evaluated. The highest hydrogen production rate was observed with 20 mmol L-1 acetate amounting to 250 cm3 L(anode)-1 day-1 for the reactor (BU), when the substrate was switched from butyrate to acetate. The optimal concentration for butyrate was 10 mmol L-1 with a hydrogen production rate of 203 cm3 L(anode)-1 day-1 and H2 yield 0.5 mol / mol of substrate destroyed. These results indicate that the hydrogen yield from the acetate and butyrate present in hydrogen fermentation effluent could be used to produce hydrogen in a MEC. The effect of four different electrode configurations on MEC performance was evaluated. Untreated carbon cloth roll (UCC) anodes; stainless steel mesh and carbon cloth roll anodes (RR); J cloth (artificial cloth made from non conductive fibers of the same as stainless steel cloth) carbon cloth roll (JC) and methylene blue treated cloth…

Subjects/Keywords: Microbial fuel cells

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APA (6^th Edition):

Popov, A. L. (2015). Improving the hydrogen yield of microbial electrolysis cell with facilitated electron transfer using mediators, choice of environmental conditions and anode treatment with conductive materials. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of South Wales. Retrieved from https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/improving-the-hydrogen-yield-of-microbial-electrolysis-cell-with-facilitated-electron-transfer-using-mediators-choice-of-environmental-conditions-and-anode-treatment-with-conductive-materials(9894522f-4edd-4be9-b3bc-d0c2eddcddb3).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.795291

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Popov, A L. “Improving the hydrogen yield of microbial electrolysis cell with facilitated electron transfer using mediators, choice of environmental conditions and anode treatment with conductive materials.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of South Wales. Accessed March 08, 2021. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/improving-the-hydrogen-yield-of-microbial-electrolysis-cell-with-facilitated-electron-transfer-using-mediators-choice-of-environmental-conditions-and-anode-treatment-with-conductive-materials(9894522f-4edd-4be9-b3bc-d0c2eddcddb3).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.795291.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Popov, A L. “Improving the hydrogen yield of microbial electrolysis cell with facilitated electron transfer using mediators, choice of environmental conditions and anode treatment with conductive materials.” 2015. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Popov AL. Improving the hydrogen yield of microbial electrolysis cell with facilitated electron transfer using mediators, choice of environmental conditions and anode treatment with conductive materials. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of South Wales; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/improving-the-hydrogen-yield-of-microbial-electrolysis-cell-with-facilitated-electron-transfer-using-mediators-choice-of-environmental-conditions-and-anode-treatment-with-conductive-materials(9894522f-4edd-4be9-b3bc-d0c2eddcddb3).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.795291.

Council of Science Editors:

Popov AL. Improving the hydrogen yield of microbial electrolysis cell with facilitated electron transfer using mediators, choice of environmental conditions and anode treatment with conductive materials. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of South Wales; 2015. Available from: https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/improving-the-hydrogen-yield-of-microbial-electrolysis-cell-with-facilitated-electron-transfer-using-mediators-choice-of-environmental-conditions-and-anode-treatment-with-conductive-materials(9894522f-4edd-4be9-b3bc-d0c2eddcddb3).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.795291

25. Ahlam Abdulwahab Ahmed Al Alas. Synthesis, characterization and electrical porperties of oxide–ion conductors; -.

Degree: Chemistry, 2010, Aligarh Muslim University

URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/12865

►

Oxide ion conductors have been attracted much attention during past years in view of its potential applications in many solid oxide devices; especially in solid… (more)

▼

Oxide ion conductors have been attracted much attention during past years in view of its potential applications in many solid oxide devices; especially in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs).Many oxide ion conductors of BIMEVOX family have been demonstrated to be good candidates for SOFC application due to their high ionic conduction at moderate temperatures. It has been found that almost all studies BIMEVOX materials are conventionally prepared by solid state reactions. Although, the solid state reaction is widespread used for preparation of oxide ion conductors, it offers several disadvantages. This research work titled «Synthesis, characterization and electrical properties of oxide ion conductors» has been devoted to synthesize new oxide ion conductors of the BIMEVOX family, employing two alternative methods of preparation, namely sol gel and microwave assisted synthesis, which are more recently originated for preparing homogeneous single phase solids with the ensuring time and energy savings. The present Ph.D. thesis is divided into five main chapters, which can be summarized as follows: CHAPTER ONE: General Introduction newlineFuel cells are electrochemical energy devices in which the electricity is generated at the electrode/electrolyte interface through chemical reactions. The electrolyte is the most important and indispensable part of the fuel cell, which permits ion transport between the electrodes. The fuel cells are categorized based on mobile ionic species that electrolyte can conduct: (i) Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). (ii) Alkaline fuel cells (AFC). (iii) Phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC). (iv) Molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC). (v) Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). The main advantage of SOFC over other fuel cells is that it has the highest electrical efficiency (60 %) at high operation temperatures ( gt 700 °C). SOFCs are based on an oxide ion conductor, which allows the migration of oxide ions, O2 from the cathode to the anode and thereafter react with the fuel to generate electrical power.

References given chapter wise

Advisors/Committee Members: Saba Beg.

Subjects/Keywords: Chemistry; fuel cell

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APA (6^th Edition):

Alas, A. A. A. A. (2010). Synthesis, characterization and electrical porperties of oxide–ion conductors; -. (Thesis). Aligarh Muslim University. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/12865

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Alas, Ahlam Abdulwahab Ahmed Al. “Synthesis, characterization and electrical porperties of oxide–ion conductors; -.” 2010. Thesis, Aligarh Muslim University. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/12865.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Alas, Ahlam Abdulwahab Ahmed Al. “Synthesis, characterization and electrical porperties of oxide–ion conductors; -.” 2010. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Alas AAAA. Synthesis, characterization and electrical porperties of oxide–ion conductors; -. [Internet] [Thesis]. Aligarh Muslim University; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/12865.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Alas AAAA. Synthesis, characterization and electrical porperties of oxide–ion conductors; -. [Thesis]. Aligarh Muslim University; 2010. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/12865

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

26. Chakraborty, Maumita. Production, characterization and testing of Biodiesel from termindi belerie R. and Sapindus mukorossi G. oil seeds avaialble in North East India; -.

Degree: Environment Science, 2013, Tezpur University

URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/9017

►

There has been an increase in research activities on biofuel in recent times due to urgent requirement for a viable alternative to conventional petroleum fuel.… (more)

▼

There has been an increase in research activities on biofuel in recent times due to urgent requirement for a viable alternative to conventional petroleum fuel. There are several important research issues related to biodiesel which are varied in forms amongst the different countries. In some countries, like India, identification of new feedstock addressing food-fuel conflict has been a major area of emphasis. Government of India has formulated policy for growth of biodiesel from non-edible feedstocks. Search for such new feedstock is also an important area of National Bio-Fuel Policy of the government. With the limited available land resources, forest based tree species could be one of the sustainable sources for biodiesel feedstock in India. However, target oriented research is required to ascertain such possibility. Objectives of the present study are (i) to identify some oil bearing tree seeds of Northeast India having potential for biodiesel production, (ii) to investigate the fuel properties of biodiesel produced from oils of selected species, (iii) to study the oxidation and storage stability of biodiesel obtained from oils of selected species and investigation of efficacy of some phenolic antioxidants and (iv) to investigate the engine performance and emission characteristics of CI engine fueled with biodiesel obtained from the oils of selected species. Two forest origin oilseeds of Terminalia belerica R. and Sapindus mukorossi G. trees are selected for this study. Oil content (w/w% of kernels) of Terminalia belerica and Sapindus mukorossi are found as 43% and 39%, respectively. Terminalia belerica oil composes of 39.5% saturated fatty acid and 60.5% unsaturated fatty acid. Palmitic (32.8%), oleic (31.3%) and linoleic (28.8%) acids are dominant in Terminalia belerica oil. On the other hand, Sapindus mukorossi oil composes of 16.5% saturated and 83.5% unsaturated fatty acids. Oleic (58.4%), linolenic (17.1%) and arachidic (7.5%) acids are the major constituents of Sapindus mukorossi oil. Overall, fatty acid

References p.138-152

Advisors/Committee Members: n.d..

Subjects/Keywords: fuel; Energy; Biodiesel

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chakraborty, M. (2013). Production, characterization and testing of Biodiesel from termindi belerie R. and Sapindus mukorossi G. oil seeds avaialble in North East India; -. (Thesis). Tezpur University. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/9017

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chakraborty, Maumita. “Production, characterization and testing of Biodiesel from termindi belerie R. and Sapindus mukorossi G. oil seeds avaialble in North East India; -.” 2013. Thesis, Tezpur University. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/9017.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chakraborty, Maumita. “Production, characterization and testing of Biodiesel from termindi belerie R. and Sapindus mukorossi G. oil seeds avaialble in North East India; -.” 2013. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Chakraborty M. Production, characterization and testing of Biodiesel from termindi belerie R. and Sapindus mukorossi G. oil seeds avaialble in North East India; -. [Internet] [Thesis]. Tezpur University; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/9017.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chakraborty M. Production, characterization and testing of Biodiesel from termindi belerie R. and Sapindus mukorossi G. oil seeds avaialble in North East India; -. [Thesis]. Tezpur University; 2013. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/9017

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Texas A&M University

27. Castanon, Elizabeth Diane. Nitrogen Ion Bombardment of Fuel Cladding Materials.

Degree: MS, Nuclear Engineering, 2016, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158131

► In a nuclear reactor where there are high stresses, temperatures and radiation levels, a number of material problems can occur including corrosion, thermal fatigue cracking,… (more)

▼ In a nuclear reactor where there are high stresses, temperatures and radiation levels, a number of material problems can occur including corrosion, thermal fatigue cracking, and embrittlement. Material problems are a serious issue in regards to the performance, the advancement, and the safety of nuclear reactors under accident conditions. Fuel cladding materials are of particular significance since cladding is the most important safety barrier, as it contains the majority of radioactive fission products. Nitriding is a method proven to improve many material properties including corrosion and wear resistance. Nitriding works by dissolving or implanting nitrogen into the surface of a material where the nitrogen bonds with the material atoms to form nitrides. The nitriding in these studies is performed by the use of ion bombardment with 40 KeV nitrogen atoms. The purpose of this work is to improve understanding of this type of surface modification on fuel cladding materials. The materials used here are iron, 316L stainless steel, zirconium, and zircaloy-4. The focus of these studies was on fluence dependence and temperature stability of nitride layers induced by ion nitriding. Here it was found that by a fluence of 5E17 N/cm2, both pure Fe and SS316L are saturated and that by a fluence of 1E18 N/cm², both zirconium and zircaloy-4 are saturated. By 300°C in both Fe and SS316L and 600°C in zirconium and zircaloy-4, metastable nitrides have become unstable and nitrogen begins to diffuse out. Hardness test show that with a combination of irradiation and annealing, each material’s hardness can greatly be improved. However, the high mobility of nitrogen in iron at temperatures above 300°C limits the uses of iron alloys in very high temperature environments like reactors. Zirconium is shown to be stable up to temperatures approximately twice as high as iron indicating nitrides in zirconium alloys maybe able withstand reactor temperatures. Advisors/Committee Members: Shao, Lin (advisor), Srivistava, Ankit (committee member), Kurwitz, Cable (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Fuel Cladding; Nitride

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Castanon, E. D. (2016). Nitrogen Ion Bombardment of Fuel Cladding Materials. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158131

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Castanon, Elizabeth Diane. “Nitrogen Ion Bombardment of Fuel Cladding Materials.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158131.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Castanon, Elizabeth Diane. “Nitrogen Ion Bombardment of Fuel Cladding Materials.” 2016. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Castanon ED. Nitrogen Ion Bombardment of Fuel Cladding Materials. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158131.

Council of Science Editors:

Castanon ED. Nitrogen Ion Bombardment of Fuel Cladding Materials. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158131

Penn State University

28. McNeill, Marc Anthony. A Comparison of Time and Condition Based Reporting Policies in Fuel Supply Reporting.

Degree: 2013, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19240

► Maintaining an adequate fuel supply is absolutely critical for success in any military operation. At the same time, it is not desirable to keep unnecessarily… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: fuel supply reporting

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

McNeill, M. A. (2013). A Comparison of Time and Condition Based Reporting Policies in Fuel Supply Reporting. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19240

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McNeill, Marc Anthony. “A Comparison of Time and Condition Based Reporting Policies in Fuel Supply Reporting.” 2013. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed March 08, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19240.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McNeill, Marc Anthony. “A Comparison of Time and Condition Based Reporting Policies in Fuel Supply Reporting.” 2013. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

McNeill MA. A Comparison of Time and Condition Based Reporting Policies in Fuel Supply Reporting. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19240.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

McNeill MA. A Comparison of Time and Condition Based Reporting Policies in Fuel Supply Reporting. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2013. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19240

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oregon State University

29. Abourached, Carole. Microbial fuel cell for wastewater treatment : heavy metal removal, sewage sludge treatment, and its potential application in wastewater reuse in irrigation.

Degree: PhD, Water Resources Engineering, 2014, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/47329

► While water scarcity and energy demand are continuously increasing in the world, alternative sources are needed to meet the requirement of a growing population. Microbial… (more)

▼ While water scarcity and energy demand are continuously increasing in the world, alternative sources are needed to meet the requirement of a growing population. Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is a sustainable technology that converts organic matter in wastewater into electricity, thus it can be a potential alternative source for water and energy. Although significant advances in MFC research have been accomplished in the last few years, improvement in power generation and decrease in material cost are still necessary to bring MFC into practical application. The main goal of this work is to contribute in making MFC more applicable in industrial and municipal facilities, and to evaluate its scaling up for real world application. First, heavy metal removal by MFC was studied. Simultaneous high power generation (3.6 W/m²) and high Cd (90%) and Zn (97%) removal efficiencies were achieved in a single chamber air-cathode microbial fuel cell (MFC). The maximum tolerable concentrations (MTCs) that did not affect power output were 200 μM for Cd and 400 μM for Zn. Gradual increase of metals concentrations lead to much slower reduction in voltage output. Biosorption and sulfides precipitation are the major mechanisms for the heavy metal removal in the MFCs. This study expanded MFC application for the treatment of industrial waste streams containing both organic matter and heavy metals. Then, enhancement of sewage treatment by MFC was investigated. Although energy costs required for wastewater treatment are offset by methane production from sewage sludge treatment, not all the energy is extracted from sludge and effluents need additional treatment, such as aeration, to meet environmental regulations. MFC has been used to convert organic matter in sludge into electricity. However, improvement of power production is still needed. We studied the effect of fermentation pre-treatment and a novel design cloth-electrode assembly microbial fuel cell (CEA-MFC) on electricity production from sewage sludge. Fermentation pretreatment of sludge effectively increased the soluble organic matter and improved the reactor performance. The optimum fermentation time was 96 hours and resulted in maximum power density of 1200 mW/m², which is 275% higher than those previously reached in MFC systems. Thus, MFCs could be added successfully to existing wastewater treatment infrastructure for more efficient energy conversion. Last, we examined the feasibility of using MFC technology for field application before irrigation. Although wastewater use in irrigation resolves the problem of water shortage, it also presents a threat to the environment. Thus, wastewater treatment before irrigation is needed. MFC has potential to treat wastewater and generate electricity simultaneously while leaving low residual concentrations of nutrients in the effluent. In order to investigate the economic returns from using MFC to treat wastewater before agricultural application, a case study involving food wastewater in a semi-arid region was considered. The various profits from… Advisors/Committee Members: Liu, Hong (advisor), English, Marshall (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Microbial fuel cells

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Abourached, C. (2014). Microbial fuel cell for wastewater treatment : heavy metal removal, sewage sludge treatment, and its potential application in wastewater reuse in irrigation. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/47329

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Abourached, Carole. “Microbial fuel cell for wastewater treatment : heavy metal removal, sewage sludge treatment, and its potential application in wastewater reuse in irrigation.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/47329.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Abourached, Carole. “Microbial fuel cell for wastewater treatment : heavy metal removal, sewage sludge treatment, and its potential application in wastewater reuse in irrigation.” 2014. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Abourached C. Microbial fuel cell for wastewater treatment : heavy metal removal, sewage sludge treatment, and its potential application in wastewater reuse in irrigation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/47329.

Council of Science Editors:

Abourached C. Microbial fuel cell for wastewater treatment : heavy metal removal, sewage sludge treatment, and its potential application in wastewater reuse in irrigation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/47329

Delft University of Technology

30. Bos, F. (author). Evaluation of Intermediate Refueling Stops in Long-Haul Flight Operations.

Degree: 2014, Delft University of Technology

URL: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:498466be-1547-4b89-b28c-c006848bfcdc

►

The aviation sector has suffered a big blow from the series of recent economic depressions. Airlines are struggling to stay in business and are looking… (more)

▼

The aviation sector has suffered a big blow from the series of recent economic depressions. Airlines are struggling to stay in business and are looking for multiple ways to cut on expenses. This has led to the initiation of studies to find strategies which will reduce an airline’s overall fuel consumption. One of these methods is to initiate intermediate refueling stop operations on long-haul flights. This means that instead of flying with a fully fueled aircraft from e.g., Amsterdam to Tokyo, the route is split into two or more segments which are flown with the appropriate amount of fuel and possibly even different aircraft types more suitable for shorter range flight. By developing a novel computer model, this research aims at finding the answers to the following questions: What are the fuel consumption- and emission savings that can be attained by implementing this model on specific routes and with specific aircraft types? What are the route requirements to optimally benefit from operating flights with intermediate refueling stops? Which costs are directly linked to introducing refueling stops, what are the consequences and what can be done to reduce these costs? How does this concept influence the airport groundside operations and what is the impact on the airport infrastructure? The model consists of two independent programs which work in cohesion to find the optimal stopover airport for a specific route operated by a specific aircraft. The first program is the aircraft model, which is capable of calculating the fuel consumption on a specific mission. The calculations are based on the fundamentals of flight and the equations of motion. In total three aircraft types are incorporated and together cover short-, medium- and long range operations. The second program is the route model which is able to identify the costs for a specific segment and determines the optimal route by use of a modified version of the Dijkstra Algorithm and an airport database of ILS Cat. II/III equipped airports. This model computes a buffer zone in which to look for intermediate stop airports and selects the most advantageous option, based on local waiting times, landing- and navigation fees and fuel prices. The results show that on routes suitable for intermediate stop operations, the fuel reduction ranges from 5% - 10%. For the total cost reduction, these values are around 2% - 4% per flight. These figures strongly depend on the mission conditions and stopover position. Besides the fuel price and stopover time, the wind velocity and direction also have a vital role in the feasibility of the concept.

Air Transport and Aerospace Operations

Control and Operations

Aerospace Engineering

Advisors/Committee Members: Hartjes, S. (mentor), Visser, H.G. (mentor).

Subjects/Keywords: Aviation; Fuel Consumption

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Bos, F. (. (2014). Evaluation of Intermediate Refueling Stops in Long-Haul Flight Operations. (Masters Thesis). Delft University of Technology. Retrieved from http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:498466be-1547-4b89-b28c-c006848bfcdc

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bos, F (author). “Evaluation of Intermediate Refueling Stops in Long-Haul Flight Operations.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Delft University of Technology. Accessed March 08, 2021. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:498466be-1547-4b89-b28c-c006848bfcdc.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bos, F (author). “Evaluation of Intermediate Refueling Stops in Long-Haul Flight Operations.” 2014. Web. 08 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Bos F(. Evaluation of Intermediate Refueling Stops in Long-Haul Flight Operations. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 08]. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:498466be-1547-4b89-b28c-c006848bfcdc.

Council of Science Editors:

Bos F(. Evaluation of Intermediate Refueling Stops in Long-Haul Flight Operations. [Masters Thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2014. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:498466be-1547-4b89-b28c-c006848bfcdc

Open Access Theses and Dissertations