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Technical University of Lisbon
1.
Caetano, Miguel Álvares Lupi.
A certificação florestal como instrumento político.
Degree: 2011, Technical University of Lisbon
URL: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/4201 
► Mestrado em Engenharia Florestal e dos Recursos Naturais - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Forest certification is a voluntary market-based instrument that emerged in the 1990’s.…
(more)
▼ Mestrado em Engenharia Florestal e dos Recursos Naturais - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Forest certification is a voluntary market-based instrument that emerged in the 1990’s. Forest
certification systems are sustained through consumer support to ensure that forest products meet their
standards and regulations, from the forest, through the supply chain, to its end use. These systems
maintain credibility to users and consumers through independent and accurate audits, assessments
and monitoring processes. Forest certification is also seen as an indirect political and economic
incentive to forest management improvement, segregated from the traditional state mechanisms. 20
years after its emergence, expansion and evolution to its current model, the impacts of its governance,
certification and accreditation processes are assessed in the forest sector worldwide and forecast to a
nearby future. Forest certification has been active in Portugal for nearly 10 years and its evolution and
integration within the Portuguese forest sector are assessed in this work as well.
Advisors/Committee Members: Carvalho, Pedro Ochôa.
Subjects/Keywords: forest policy; forest certification; forest management; sustainability
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APA (6th Edition):
Caetano, M. . L. (2011). A certificação florestal como instrumento político. (Thesis). Technical University of Lisbon. Retrieved from http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/4201
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Caetano, Miguel Álvares Lupi. “A certificação florestal como instrumento político.” 2011. Thesis, Technical University of Lisbon. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/4201.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Caetano, Miguel Álvares Lupi. “A certificação florestal como instrumento político.” 2011. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Caetano ML. A certificação florestal como instrumento político. [Internet] [Thesis]. Technical University of Lisbon; 2011. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/4201.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Caetano ML. A certificação florestal como instrumento político. [Thesis]. Technical University of Lisbon; 2011. Available from: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/4201
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of KwaZulu-Natal
2.
[No author].
The biogeography of forest birds in the Limpopo Province, South Africa.
Degree: Zoology, 2013, University of KwaZulu-Natal
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10115
► Forest assemblage composition is determined by local ecological (e.g. patch area, species interactions), landscape (e.g. patch connectivity) and regional (e.g. historical change in forest distribution)…
(more)
▼ Forest assemblage composition is determined by local ecological (e.g. patch area,
species interactions), landscape (e.g. patch connectivity) and regional (e.g. historical
change in
forest distribution) processes. I investigated the relative effect of these
processes on bird and frog assemblage composition in two isolated archipelagos of
Afrotemperate
forest in the Limpopo Province.
The linear relationship between local and regional species diversity suggests
that
forest bird assemblages in the Limpopo Province are unsaturated. In addition,
66% of bird species and 42% of frog species in southern African forests are
generalist species (i.e.,
forest associated as opposed to
forest dependent),
suggesting that matrix species have invaded
forest assemblages. I thus argue that
forest bird and frog assemblage composition is primarily determined by regional
(historical) processes and that local ecological processes play a relatively minor role.
Forests in the Limpopo Province were eliminated by major climatic changes
during the Quaternary with major
forest expansion only in the last 6000 years.
Limpopo Province
forest assemblages have thus established fairly recently. No
forest
dependent frogs and one
forest dependent bird have established in the Limpopo
Province forests from the relatively proximate forests in eastern Zimbabwe. This
suggests that the Limpopo River catchment has acted as a significant barrier to the
dispersal of
forest vertebrate faunas. Cluster analyses showed that the
forest bird
and frog assemblages are essentially Afrotemperate and South African in origin with
all
forest dependent frogs and 97% of
forest dependent birds occurring in the
KwaZulu-Natal scarp forests. In addition the most important environmental gradient
of change in the southern African
forest bird faunas was the geographical distance
from northern KwaZulu-Natal. This gradient is congruent with a major northward
radiation of faunas from the KwaZulu-Natal scarp into the Limpopo Province. As a
result the Limpopo Province forests have low biodiversity values compared to the
KwaZulu-Natal scarp because
forest frog and bird faunas are largely derived from the
latter region. However, the importance of the Limpopo Province forests lies in their
protection of threatened vertebrates as well as in providing landscape heterogeneity
and ecological services to the surrounding matrix. Soutpansberg
forest bird assemblages appear to be more robust and resilient
and comprise a significantly greater proportion of
forest associated species than
those of the Limpopo Province Drakensberg. This is likely to be a consequence of
more severe climatic extinction filtering of these faunas caused primarily by the
proximity of the Soutpansberg forests to the arid Limpopo valley during the
development of these forests. Consequently, regional and historical processes have
played a relatively greater role in determining
forest bird assemblages in the
Soutpansberg than in the Limpopo Province Drakensberg and species richness in
the…
Advisors/Committee Members: Lawes, Michael J (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Forest birds.;
Forest conservation.;
Forest dynamics.;
Forest ecology.;
Forest animals.;
Forest protection.;
Zoology.
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APA (6th Edition):
author], [. (2013). The biogeography of forest birds in the Limpopo Province, South Africa.
(Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10115
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
author], [No. “The biogeography of forest birds in the Limpopo Province, South Africa.
” 2013. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10115.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
author], [No. “The biogeography of forest birds in the Limpopo Province, South Africa.
” 2013. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
author] [. The biogeography of forest birds in the Limpopo Province, South Africa.
[Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2013. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10115.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
author] [. The biogeography of forest birds in the Limpopo Province, South Africa.
[Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10115
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Texas A&M University
3.
Esch, Stephen Alexander.
An assessment of single-family housing prices and residential segregation using GIS in Bryan, Texas.
Degree: MS, forest science, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-E87
► Hedonic models have been used by many scholars to forecast prices of housing properties. By incorporating such features as neighborhood quality, environmental factors, and the…
(more)
▼ Hedonic models have been used by many scholars to forecast prices of housing properties. By incorporating such features as neighborhood quality, environmental factors, and the type of improvements made to a property, the price of a property may be forecast using a hedonic model. This study utilized property sales information of single family homes sold within a portion of the Bryan, Texas, city limits. A comprehensive database of selected residential properties was developed and incorporated into a Geographic Information System (GIS). A hedonic model was used to assess market values for the selected single-family properties in Bryan based on housing and neighborhood characteristics such as racial neighborhood make-up, environmental factors, and the type of improvements made to a property. In addition, various spatial measures and spatial autocorrelation measures were evaluated to determine if there was any spatial dependence between racial makeup and the sales price of a residence. Hedonic modeling, GIS, and the various spatial measures were employed to determine if residential segregation exists within Bryan, Texas.
Subjects/Keywords: forest science.; Major forest science.
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APA (6th Edition):
Esch, S. A. (2012). An assessment of single-family housing prices and residential segregation using GIS in Bryan, Texas. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-E87
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Esch, Stephen Alexander. “An assessment of single-family housing prices and residential segregation using GIS in Bryan, Texas.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-E87.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Esch, Stephen Alexander. “An assessment of single-family housing prices and residential segregation using GIS in Bryan, Texas.” 2012. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Esch SA. An assessment of single-family housing prices and residential segregation using GIS in Bryan, Texas. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-E87.
Council of Science Editors:
Esch SA. An assessment of single-family housing prices and residential segregation using GIS in Bryan, Texas. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-E87
Texas A&M University
4.
Lin, Kai Hsuan.
Incorporating on-line process data into a diagnostic knowledge-based system.
Degree: MS, forest science, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1994-THESIS-L7354
► The objective of this research was to develop and implement an on-line gypsum wallboard manufacturing expert system incorporating on-line process monitoring information and statistical process…
(more)
▼ The objective of this research was to develop and implement an on-line gypsum wallboard manufacturing expert system incorporating on-line process monitoring information and statistical process control. In support of this objective, several sub-objectives were accomplished. First, an expert system addressing the major problems associated with gypsum wallboard manufacturing was developed. Second, manufacturing problems that utilized quantifiable process data in their problem solving procedures were identified for incorporation into the system. Third, the statistical process control techniques of control charting to filter process information were applied to selected problems in the manufacturing process. Finally, the system was implemented and verified. Several stagesand accompanying methods marked the development of this system. Identifying crucial parameters for expert system development, acquiring knowledge for those identified parameters, coding the knowledge base, adapting statistical process control (SPC) techniques to filter process data, and lastly, implementing the system in the study facility were the elements of the full expert system. Nine major categories of problems associated with gypsum wallboard manufacturing were identified and addressed by the expert system. Specifically, they were various types of problems associated with voids, the foam, bond, wallboard additives, the board line, the knife and inverter, the takeoff of the process end, and the warehouse. Also, the process data associated with each problem was identified, filtered using SPC methods, and incorporated into the problem solving process. The SPC techniques employed consisted of two different types of control charting and a data correlation technique. Individual charts and range charts were used as control charts. Autocorrelation analysis was used to determine data correlation. The expert system developed in this project has proven beneficial in documenting and preserving knowledge relating to gypsum wallboard manufacturing. The access to filtered process data supplied by SPC techniques built into the expert system provided the opportunity for a more objective and accurate assessment of the process related problems.
Subjects/Keywords: forest science.; Major forest science.
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APA (6th Edition):
Lin, K. H. (2012). Incorporating on-line process data into a diagnostic knowledge-based system. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1994-THESIS-L7354
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lin, Kai Hsuan. “Incorporating on-line process data into a diagnostic knowledge-based system.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1994-THESIS-L7354.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lin, Kai Hsuan. “Incorporating on-line process data into a diagnostic knowledge-based system.” 2012. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Lin KH. Incorporating on-line process data into a diagnostic knowledge-based system. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1994-THESIS-L7354.
Council of Science Editors:
Lin KH. Incorporating on-line process data into a diagnostic knowledge-based system. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1994-THESIS-L7354
Texas A&M University
5.
Sabella, Raymond Jacob.
Determining the effects of fluctuating lake levels on wildlife habitat using GIS and remote sensing.
Degree: MS, forest science, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1995-THESIS-S222
► Water level fluctuations in the Lake Granger Corps of Engineers (COE) reservoir project are the result of flood control management of the lower Brazos River…
(more)
▼ Water level fluctuations in the Lake Granger Corps of Engineers (COE) reservoir project are the result of flood control management of the lower Brazos River basin. These fluctuations periodically submerge wildlife habitat surrounding the lake project area, much of which is licensed to the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPW) for wildlife habitat management. TPW must implement its wildlife management techniques under the constraints of a widely fluctuating lake shoreline, fluctuations of which are the result of the lake's principle role of floodwater storage and water resource management. Decisions on the location of these projects, however, are complicated by the relatively small elevation gradients which occur throughout the management units. A means of relating water level fluctuations to changes in habitat, shoreline location, and water depths within these wildlife management units would greatly assist proper management of habitat. This thesis has designed a methodology to determine the accuracy of 3-D surface models derived from United States Geological Survey (USGS) 1:24,000 7 1/2' quadrangle topographic map elevation data, for the relatively flat terrain making up most of the wildlife management units. This surface model can then accurately predict the effects of the major habitat types caused by changes in lake levels. The methodology presented in this study can serve as a cost-effective, long-term management tool for wildlife managers at Lake Granger and other regional COE reservoir projects when considering the effects of lake levels on the quantity of wildlife habitat within designated management areas.
Subjects/Keywords: forest science.; Major forest science.
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Sabella, R. J. (2012). Determining the effects of fluctuating lake levels on wildlife habitat using GIS and remote sensing. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1995-THESIS-S222
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sabella, Raymond Jacob. “Determining the effects of fluctuating lake levels on wildlife habitat using GIS and remote sensing.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1995-THESIS-S222.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sabella, Raymond Jacob. “Determining the effects of fluctuating lake levels on wildlife habitat using GIS and remote sensing.” 2012. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Sabella RJ. Determining the effects of fluctuating lake levels on wildlife habitat using GIS and remote sensing. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1995-THESIS-S222.
Council of Science Editors:
Sabella RJ. Determining the effects of fluctuating lake levels on wildlife habitat using GIS and remote sensing. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1995-THESIS-S222
Texas A&M University
6.
Hebert, Mark Thomas.
Determination of leaf area index of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and its relationship to site water balance across a large precipitation gradient in East Texas.
Degree: MS, forest science, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1996-THESIS-H43
► The relationship between leaf area index (LAI) and site water balance (SWB) in closed canopy lobiolly pine plantations was analyzed across a natural 50-cm precipitation…
(more)
▼ The relationship between leaf area index (LAI) and site water balance (SWB) in closed canopy lobiolly pine plantations was analyzed across a natural 50-cm precipitation gradient in East Texas. Six precipitation zones were delineated based upon historical weather data, and 60 stands (10 per zone) were randomly chosen for study. LAI was estimated using three techniques: a diameter-based allometric equation, the LiCor LAI-2000 Plant Canopy Analyzer (PCA), and standard 1 M2 litter traps. SWB was estimated using the Thornthwaite and Mather (1957) model to predict potential and actual evapotranspiration and moisture deficit. LAI and site water balance were estimated in both 1994 and 1995. 1 hypothesized that LAI would be positively correlated with actual evapotranspiration (AET) and negatively correlated with moisture deficit for the 60 stands. Results, however, indicate no significant relationship between LAI and AET (@=0.062) or moisture deficit (r-'=O.057). The lack of correlation was attributed to the deviation from historical precipitation patterns during the-last four years which largely eliminated the precipitation gradient among zones during the sampling period. One interesting result was the significant correlation between litter trap LAI estimates and foliar nutrient concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus (@=0.863 and 0.873 respectively); this suggests that, given the recent precipitation patterns, site fertility may be a stronger determinant of stand LAI than water availability. The estimates of LAI (M2M-2 ) ranged from 0.41 to 4.64 as determined by the PCA, from 0.55 to 3.31 from the allometric equation, and from 3.68 to 5.54 from liftertrap data. Although no significant relationships could be drawn between LAI estimates and outputs of the SWB model, the PCA did show the ability to rank stands by the amount of leaf area present in the canopy and detect seasonal changes in LAI unlike the allometric equation. The absolute LAI values given by the PCA were not precise, but the PCA could determine relative changes in LAI, either seasonal or among stands.
Subjects/Keywords: forest science.; Major forest science.
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Hebert, M. T. (2012). Determination of leaf area index of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and its relationship to site water balance across a large precipitation gradient in East Texas. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1996-THESIS-H43
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hebert, Mark Thomas. “Determination of leaf area index of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and its relationship to site water balance across a large precipitation gradient in East Texas.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1996-THESIS-H43.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hebert, Mark Thomas. “Determination of leaf area index of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and its relationship to site water balance across a large precipitation gradient in East Texas.” 2012. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Hebert MT. Determination of leaf area index of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and its relationship to site water balance across a large precipitation gradient in East Texas. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1996-THESIS-H43.
Council of Science Editors:
Hebert MT. Determination of leaf area index of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and its relationship to site water balance across a large precipitation gradient in East Texas. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1996-THESIS-H43
Texas A&M University
7.
Winn, Jennifer P.
GIS as an educational tool.
Degree: MS, forest science, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-W36
► Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a leading informational technology of today. Used in a wide variety of applications, the influence of GIS affects people daily.…
(more)
▼ Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a leading informational technology of today. Used in a wide variety of applications, the influence of GIS affects people daily. Leading educators believe that GIS may provide a valuable tool for cognitive learning. Exposing students to GIS and its related technologies gives them the opportunity to enrich their minds while learning existing curriculum concepts. Kindergarten through twelfth grade (K-1 2) is one arena that has been virtually excluded from the potential benefits of GIS. However, to expose students in the K-12 classroom requires curriculum materials for potential instructors. Though there are a variety of articles explaining GIS and isolated examples of how it has worked in classrooms, there is no curriculum reference for first time users interested in applying GIS to their classroom studies. Supplementing curriculum materials, development of an implementation is necessary to outline points of concern for incorporating GIS into K-12 classrooms. Additionally, the combination of curriculum materials and an implementation plan provides teachers and administrators with an overview of benefits to a student's learning process in existing curricula.
Subjects/Keywords: forest science.; Major forest science.
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Winn, J. P. (2012). GIS as an educational tool. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-W36
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Winn, Jennifer P. “GIS as an educational tool.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-W36.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Winn, Jennifer P. “GIS as an educational tool.” 2012. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Winn JP. GIS as an educational tool. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-W36.
Council of Science Editors:
Winn JP. GIS as an educational tool. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-W36
Texas A&M University
8.
Shaw, Andrew J.
A technique for modeling exotic shrimp escapes in Matagorda and San Antonio Bays, Texas.
Degree: MS, forest science, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1999-THESIS-S53
► A hydrodynamic model, TXBLEND, was used to simulate operating system. exotic shrimp escapes into Texas coastal wakers. Output from the model runs were reformatted using…
(more)
▼ A hydrodynamic model, TXBLEND, was used to simulate operating system. exotic shrimp escapes into Texas coastal wakers. Output from the model runs were reformatted using various scripts for display in Arcview 3.0a. The result of the work completed is an output viewing tool that can be used to explore different escape scenarios.
Subjects/Keywords: forest science.; Major forest science.
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Shaw, A. J. (2012). A technique for modeling exotic shrimp escapes in Matagorda and San Antonio Bays, Texas. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1999-THESIS-S53
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Shaw, Andrew J. “A technique for modeling exotic shrimp escapes in Matagorda and San Antonio Bays, Texas.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1999-THESIS-S53.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Shaw, Andrew J. “A technique for modeling exotic shrimp escapes in Matagorda and San Antonio Bays, Texas.” 2012. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Shaw AJ. A technique for modeling exotic shrimp escapes in Matagorda and San Antonio Bays, Texas. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1999-THESIS-S53.
Council of Science Editors:
Shaw AJ. A technique for modeling exotic shrimp escapes in Matagorda and San Antonio Bays, Texas. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1999-THESIS-S53
Oregon State University
9.
Berner, Logan T.
Forest response to water Forest Response to Water Availability and Disturbance in the Western United States.
Degree: PhD, Forest Ecosystems and Society, 2017, Oregon State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/60534
► Earth’s atmosphere is unequivocally warming due to CO₂ and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from human activities and this is having widespread impacts on forest…
(more)
▼ Earth’s atmosphere is unequivocally warming due to CO₂ and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from human activities and this is having widespread impacts on
forest ecosystems that provide important services to human societies.
Forest ecosystems help regulate atmospheric CO2 concentrations by sequestering carbon in tree biomass and soils, which is a valuable ecosystem service that is sensitive to climate change and
forest management. Rising air temperatures contributed to increased aridity and drought during recent decades among forests in the western United States and projections suggest that many parts of this region could become hotter and drier over the coming century barring significant reductions in GHG emissions. Managing regional forests and GHG emissions in a warming world requires better understanding of how
forest carbon cycling is influenced by climate, including climate-mediated disturbance (e.g., fires). The objectives of this dissertation were to assess (1)
forest response to water availability and (2) tree mortality from disturbance during recent decades in the western US.
Forest response to water availability was assessed, in part, by quantifying changes in
forest productivity and live biomass across sites that varied widely in average water availability. Bioclimatic relationships were developed using (1) field measurements from 12 sites in the eastern Cascade Mountains, (2) inventory and ancillary plot measurements from 1,953 sites in Washington, Oregon, and California (WAORCA), and (3) remote sensing measurements spanning 18 Mha of mature
forest in the western US. In each case,
forest productivity and live biomass increased markedly across sites as average water availability increased. For instance, median
forest productivity increased from 2.2 to 5.6 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ between the driest and wettest 5% of sites in WAORCA, while live biomass increased from 26 to 281 Mg C ha⁻¹. These bioclimatic relationships illustrate that forests are widely sensitive to changes in water availability, suggesting that continued warming and drying could reduce carbon sequestration over the coming century in parts of the region.
Tree mortality from fires, bark beetles, and timber harvest was quantified from 2003-2012 across the region using remote sensing, federal harvest statistics, and ancillary information. Tree mortality was quantified in terms of carbon storage in aboveground biomass killed by disturbance. Regional tree mortality from these disturbances together averaged 45.8±16.0 Tg C yr⁻¹ (±95% confidence interval), with harvest, beetles, and fires accounting for 50%, 32%, and 18% of mortality, respectively. Tree mortality from timber harvest was concentrated in the high-biomass forests of the Washington and Oregon. Tree mortality from bark beetles occurred largely in Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana, where tree defenses were suppressed by drought and beetle populations bolstered by rising winter temperatures. Tree mortality from fires was highest in California, Idaho, and Montana, which also experienced…
Advisors/Committee Members: Law, Beverly (advisor), Waring, Richard (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: forest; Forest influences – West (U.S.)
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APA (6th Edition):
Berner, L. T. (2017). Forest response to water Forest Response to Water Availability and Disturbance in the Western United States. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/60534
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Berner, Logan T. “Forest response to water Forest Response to Water Availability and Disturbance in the Western United States.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1957/60534.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Berner, Logan T. “Forest response to water Forest Response to Water Availability and Disturbance in the Western United States.” 2017. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Berner LT. Forest response to water Forest Response to Water Availability and Disturbance in the Western United States. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 2017. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/60534.
Council of Science Editors:
Berner LT. Forest response to water Forest Response to Water Availability and Disturbance in the Western United States. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/60534
Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University
10.
Ramantswana, Mufhumudzi Muedanyi.
A comparison of harvester productivity and stump volume waste in coppiced and planted eucalyptus grandis pulpwood compartments in the KwaZulu-Natal forestry region of South Africa.
Degree: MTech, Faculty of Science, 2012, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019844
► Over the past decade the South African forestry industry has gradually experienced the ramifications of labour scarcity, increases in labour costs, the effect of HIV…
(more)
▼ Over the past decade the South African forestry industry has gradually experienced the ramifications of labour scarcity, increases in labour costs, the effect of HIV and AIDS and increasing timber demand. Consequently, this has led to an increase in the mechanisation rate, especially in timber harvesting operations. Due to the labour challenges in South Africa, mechanised forestry equipment has increasingly been required to operate in complex forest conditions, such as coppiced compartments, where they have not operated before. It therefore occurs that harvesters are either used in certain coppiced compartments with uncertain productivity expectations, or the harvesters are not used in these compartments due to a lack of productivity knowledge. The influence that certain factors have on harvester productivity and stump volume loss – factors such as coppice regeneration practices and stem form – is poorly understood and has not been quantified. No scientific research exists regarding the effects of coppice compartments on the productivity of a harvester and the amount of stump volume waste.
This research aimed at determining the influence of tree volume, tree form, stem felled first and distance between stems on the productivity of an excavator based harvester in coppiced double, coppiced single and planted Eucalyptus grandis pulpwood compartments. Furthermore, the research determined whether there was any stump volume waste, and quantified how much of it was due to excessive stump heights by the harvester. Through regression analysis, productivity equations were derived to make productivity predictions in both coppiced and planted compartments. All stumps were evaluated for waste and the average stump volume waste in coppiced double, coppiced single and planted trees was determined.
The research results showed that planted trees had the highest productivity across all tree sizes, followed by coppiced single trees and then coppiced double stems. When harvesting a 0.2 m3 tree, the mean harvester productivity was 8.7 m3 per PMH in coppiced double trees, 13.8 m3 per PMH in coppiced single trees and 16.1 m3 per PMH in planted trees. In coppiced double stems the productivity was not significantly influence by the distance between stems. However, the productivity was significantly
influenced by the stem felled first. The regression results showed that if the smaller stem was felled first, the productivity would increase if the larger stem’s volume was less than 0.18 m3; however where the larger stem was greater than 0.18 m3, the relationship was reversed. In addition, the productivity for both coppiced single trees and coppiced double stems were significantly influenced by stem form. The poorly formed trees had low productivity compared to the trees with good form. The stump volume findings showed that coppiced double stems had the highest average stump volume waste per stump, with 0.00307 m3 waste, followed by coppiced single trees (0.001954 m3) and planted trees (0.001650 m3). The average stump volume waste per stump with…
Subjects/Keywords: Forest productivity; Forest management
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APA (6th Edition):
Ramantswana, M. M. (2012). A comparison of harvester productivity and stump volume waste in coppiced and planted eucalyptus grandis pulpwood compartments in the KwaZulu-Natal forestry region of South Africa. (Masters Thesis). Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019844
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ramantswana, Mufhumudzi Muedanyi. “A comparison of harvester productivity and stump volume waste in coppiced and planted eucalyptus grandis pulpwood compartments in the KwaZulu-Natal forestry region of South Africa.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019844.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ramantswana, Mufhumudzi Muedanyi. “A comparison of harvester productivity and stump volume waste in coppiced and planted eucalyptus grandis pulpwood compartments in the KwaZulu-Natal forestry region of South Africa.” 2012. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Ramantswana MM. A comparison of harvester productivity and stump volume waste in coppiced and planted eucalyptus grandis pulpwood compartments in the KwaZulu-Natal forestry region of South Africa. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019844.
Council of Science Editors:
Ramantswana MM. A comparison of harvester productivity and stump volume waste in coppiced and planted eucalyptus grandis pulpwood compartments in the KwaZulu-Natal forestry region of South Africa. [Masters Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019844
University of Helsinki
11.
Omoro, Loice M A.
Impacts of indigenous and exotic tree species on ecosystem services : Case study on the mountain cloud forests of Taita Hills, Kenya.
Degree: Department of Forest Sciences, Viikki Tropical Resources Institute (VITRI), 2012, University of Helsinki
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/37634
► Although forest ecosystems are crucial for human survival they are constantly under threat from human interventions and natural disasters which reduce their capacities to effectively…
(more)
▼ Although forest ecosystems are crucial for human survival they are constantly under threat from human interventions and natural disasters which reduce their capacities to effectively provide ecosystem services. As populations increase, incidences of forest encroachments become frequent to affect the provision of the services. The objective in this study was to assess some ecosystem benefits and to determine how the local communities used and value them. The benefits assessed were floristic diversity; biomass and soil organic carbon densities; and suitability of indigenous tree species for forest rehabilitation based on soil properties in four different forest types, indigenous and plantations of cypress, eucalypt and pine in Taita Hills, Kenya. The perceptions of local community regarding how they use and value these benefits were also assessed.
The conceptual framework was based on the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Sampling design was based on a US Forest Service model used in the indigenous forests. For each forest area and forest type, a minimum of four plots were randomly selected and a total of 77 plots from 38 groups were sampled. In each plot, all juvenile trees of 5 cm or more in diameter at breast height were sampled for floristic diversity, biomass carbon stock and vegetation-soil relationship assessments. Soils were sampled at, 0-20 and 20-50 cm, for chemical and physical analyses to determine the soil organic carbon densities and vegetation-soil relationships.
Tree species diversity, carbon densities derived from biomass and soil data were analyzed quantitatively. A qualitative analysis was done for the socio-economic part of the study, from data obtained using selected participatory rural appraisal tools and semi-structured questionnaires. Biodiversity analyses were accomplished using the Shannon-Weaver s Index. to assess the tree species composition. Tree biomass was estimated from allometric functions developed for tropical forests while soil organic carbon stocks were computed as a product of the analyzed carbon contents and bulk density values estimated using a pedotransfer function and measured particle size. Soil-vegetation relationships were determined by Principal Component Analysis, using CANOCO 4.5 software. The statistical analyses were accomplished by use of three versions of SPSS software for Windows (15, 16 and 20).
The study established that indigenous forest was more diverse than plantations and regeneration of indigenous species significantly higher in exotic plantations of the most disturbed area than in the less disturbed areas. Some indigenous species correlated with sodium, phosphorus, carbon, pH and soil texture while some had no correlation with soil variables. Factors unrelated to soil variables, namely gaps were found to be important for the emergence and early establishment of seedlings. Total biomass C densities were generally higher in indigenous forest than in some exotic plantations, especially the cypress. Indigenous forest also had higher soil carbon stocks than…
Subjects/Keywords: Forest Ecology; Forest Ecology
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APA (6th Edition):
Omoro, L. M. A. (2012). Impacts of indigenous and exotic tree species on ecosystem services : Case study on the mountain cloud forests of Taita Hills, Kenya. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Helsinki. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10138/37634
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Omoro, Loice M A. “Impacts of indigenous and exotic tree species on ecosystem services : Case study on the mountain cloud forests of Taita Hills, Kenya.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Helsinki. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/10138/37634.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Omoro, Loice M A. “Impacts of indigenous and exotic tree species on ecosystem services : Case study on the mountain cloud forests of Taita Hills, Kenya.” 2012. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Omoro LMA. Impacts of indigenous and exotic tree species on ecosystem services : Case study on the mountain cloud forests of Taita Hills, Kenya. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/37634.
Council of Science Editors:
Omoro LMA. Impacts of indigenous and exotic tree species on ecosystem services : Case study on the mountain cloud forests of Taita Hills, Kenya. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/37634
University of Helsinki
12.
Pearson, Meeri.
Maximizing peatland forest regeneration success at lowest cost to the atmosphere: Effects of soil preparation on Scots pine seedling vitality and GHG emissions.
Degree: Department of Forest Sciences; Finnish Forest Research Institute, Parkano Unit, 2013, University of Helsinki
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/39063
► This dissertation investigated the impacts of soil preparation after clearcutting Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest on thick-peated soil from silvicultural and climatic standpoints. Three…
(more)
▼ This dissertation investigated the impacts of soil preparation after clearcutting Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest on thick-peated soil from silvicultural and climatic standpoints. Three growing seasons after outplanting, mounding most effectively secured seedling survival, growth, and vitality through improved soil aeration of the planting spot. However, other presumed benefits of mounding to seedlings such as warmer soil temperatures and faster organic matter decomposition were not confirmed here. Regeneration in scalps was unsuccessful due to waterlogged soil. Importantly when scalping, only the humus layer should be scraped off without creating depressions in the peat. Seedling tolerance to desiccated as well as waterlogged peat soil over one growing season was remarkable in controlled conditions. The impact of drought, however, was more immediate and severe as root and shoot growth, fractional colonization of ectomycorrhizal fungi, and root hydraulic conductance were reduced. Nevertheless, maintenance of rather high photochemical efficiency (expressed as variable to maximal chlorophyll fluorescence, Fv/Fm) especially in current-year needles despite harsh drought seemed to indicate a potential for seedling recovery. Polyamine analysis also revealed that new needles are preferred in protecting the different parts of the seedlings against drought stress. Wet-stressed seedlings, on the other hand, exhibited few signs of suffering. It was also demonstrated how the experimental environment a controlled versus field setting influences seedling tolerance to stress. The differing moisture levels within comparable microsites dry vs. wet scalps and ditch vs. inverted mounds had little influence on seedling growth and condition although physiological upset (i.e., Fv/Fm) was evident within scalps. Namely, the wetter the soil was, the lower Fv/Fm was.
The fear of soil preparation accelerating GHG emissions, particularly CO2, from peat into the atmosphere appears unwarranted at least on nutrient-poor, boreal forestry-drained peatland sites. The overall climatic impact of soil preparation, in the forms of mounding and scalping, three years after application expressed in terms of CO2 equivalents (100-year GWP), was neutral compared to leaving soil unprepared.
The core findings of this research support mounding as the best alternative on nutrient-poor, drained peatland sites when the goal is to maximize the regeneration success of Scots pine after clearcutting with minimal impact on soil GHG emissions. In the future, development of soil preparation methodology is particularly deserving of further attention. While it may not be the sexiest research topic in the worldwide rat race of the modern day, it is nonetheless of substantial importance in a country highly specialized not only in the utilization but also the rejuvenation of wood resources on drained peatlands.
Keywords: forestry-drained peat soil, clearcutting, mounding, scalping, CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes, drought and waterlogging stress
Tutkimuksessa…
Subjects/Keywords: forest ecology; forest ecology
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APA (6th Edition):
Pearson, M. (2013). Maximizing peatland forest regeneration success at lowest cost to the atmosphere: Effects of soil preparation on Scots pine seedling vitality and GHG emissions. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Helsinki. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10138/39063
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Pearson, Meeri. “Maximizing peatland forest regeneration success at lowest cost to the atmosphere: Effects of soil preparation on Scots pine seedling vitality and GHG emissions.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Helsinki. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/10138/39063.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Pearson, Meeri. “Maximizing peatland forest regeneration success at lowest cost to the atmosphere: Effects of soil preparation on Scots pine seedling vitality and GHG emissions.” 2013. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Pearson M. Maximizing peatland forest regeneration success at lowest cost to the atmosphere: Effects of soil preparation on Scots pine seedling vitality and GHG emissions. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2013. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/39063.
Council of Science Editors:
Pearson M. Maximizing peatland forest regeneration success at lowest cost to the atmosphere: Effects of soil preparation on Scots pine seedling vitality and GHG emissions. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/39063
University of Helsinki
13.
Raffaello, Tommaso.
Pathogenomics of the Heterobasidion species : Functional analysis of the HaHOG1 MAP kinase.
Degree: Department of Forest Sciences, 2013, University of Helsinki
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/41049
► The basidiomycete white-rot fungus Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato (s.l.) is a species complex comprising five species considered to be the most economically important pathogens of…
(more)
▼ The basidiomycete white-rot fungus Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato (s.l.) is a species complex comprising five species considered to be the most economically important pathogens of conifer trees in the northern hemisphere. The infection of new wood substrate is mediated by basidiospores, which land on the stump surface of a felled tree. After spore germination, the fungal mycelia actively colonise the stump and spread to new healthy trees by root-to-root contact. To start a new infection cycle, H. annosum s.l. must counteract the adverse environmental factors (abiotic stresses) at the stump surface. Moreover, active wood degradation requires the ability to detoxify the high levels of fungistatic and fungitoxic compounds (such as phenolics) that naturally accumulate in the tree wood tissue as a defence against pathogen attack.
The availability of the genome sequence of the H. irregulare species allowed us to investigate the conservation of the intracellular pathways that are responsible for the abiotic stress response and cellular adaptation and proliferation. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism in which many of these pathways have been well characterised, we annotated all the conserved components of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in H. irregulare, namely, those involving the pheromone FUS3/KSS1, the high osmolarity gene HOG1, the cell integrity gene MPK1, calcium/calcineurin signalling, and the cAMP pathway.
To better understand the H. annosum sensu stricto (s.s.) adaptation during abiotic stress and wood degradation, we investigated the general transcriptional profiles under several abiotic stresses (osmotic, oxidative, temperature, and nutrient starvation) and during growth on different pine woody materials (pine bark, sapwood, and heartwood). The results for abiotic stresses indicated the activation of genes involved in signalling (for example, protein kinase and transcription factors during starvation) but also genes involved in toxic substance detoxification and membrane transporters (cytochrome P450 and Major Facilitator Superfamily, MFS-1, respectively, in cold stress). During saprotrophic growth on different pine wood materials, a dramatic induction of several glycosyl hydrolase (GH) genes was observed. Some of these genes (for example, GH61) were specifically induced, mainly in pine heartwood, while others demonstrated less tissue specificity and were generally expressed during saprotrophic growth in all woody materials. During saprotrophic growth on pine lignocellulose material, several genes involved in lignin degradation, such as multi-copper oxidases (MCOs) and oxidoreductases, were also strongly induced.
The central MAPK of one of the pathways involved in adaptation to abiotic stress (the HOG pathway) was further characterised. The H. annosum s.s. HaHOG1 gene was cloned and functionally studied to investigate its role in osmotic and oxidative stress response in this fungus. The HaHOG1 gene restored the function of the homologous HOG1, and the protein…
Subjects/Keywords: forest Sciences; forest Sciences
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APA (6th Edition):
Raffaello, T. (2013). Pathogenomics of the Heterobasidion species : Functional analysis of the HaHOG1 MAP kinase. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Helsinki. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10138/41049
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Raffaello, Tommaso. “Pathogenomics of the Heterobasidion species : Functional analysis of the HaHOG1 MAP kinase.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Helsinki. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/10138/41049.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Raffaello, Tommaso. “Pathogenomics of the Heterobasidion species : Functional analysis of the HaHOG1 MAP kinase.” 2013. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Raffaello T. Pathogenomics of the Heterobasidion species : Functional analysis of the HaHOG1 MAP kinase. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2013. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/41049.
Council of Science Editors:
Raffaello T. Pathogenomics of the Heterobasidion species : Functional analysis of the HaHOG1 MAP kinase. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/41049
University of Helsinki
14.
Tesemma, Mesele Negash.
The indigenous agroforestry systems of the south-eastern Rift Valley escarpment, Ethiopia: Their biodiversity, carbon stocks, and litterfall.
Degree: Department of Forest Sciences, Viikki Tropical Resources Institute (VITRI), 2013, University of Helsinki
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/41758
► Agroforestry systems integrate trees into agricultural landscapes and provide a number of ecosystem services. Studies on agroforestry systems have so far mainly focused on their…
(more)
▼ Agroforestry systems integrate trees into agricultural landscapes and provide a number of ecosystem services. Studies on agroforestry systems have so far mainly focused on their spatial design, food production, soil fertility management and system interactions, and little attention has been given to their ecosystem services, such as biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration.
The objectives of the study were to determine and evaluate the floristic diversity, the above- and below-ground biomass carbon (C) and soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, and the litterfall production and associated C and nitrogen (N) fluxes of three indigenous agroforestry systems in south-eastern Rift valley escarpments, in Gedeo, Ethiopia. Three indigenous agroforestry systems studied were Enset (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman), Enset-coffee, and Fruit-coffee. C stocks in biomass and soil (0 60 cm layer) (Mg C ha-1) were determined for each agroforestry system, and litterfall collected for seven woody species for a period of 12 months. Allometric equations were derived to estimate the biomass of enset and coffee while published allometric equations were used to determine the biomass of other tree and shrub species. The biomass values were then converted into C stocks.
A total of 58 woody species, belonging to 49 genera and 30 families were recorded. Of all woody species identified, 86% were native. The Enset and Enset-coffee systems contained the highest proportion native woody species (92% and 89%, respectively). In all, 22 native woody species were recorded as of interesLyhennelmät for conservation using International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red lists and local criteria.
The square power equation using stump diameter at 40 cm (d40), Y = b1d402 (R2 > 0.80) and the power equation using d10 (diameter at 10 cm height) and height, Y=b1d10b2hb3 (R2 > 0.90) were found to be the best for predicting aboveground biomass of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) and total biomass of enset, respectively. The agroforestry C stock (biomass C plus SOC) was the highest for the Enset-coffee system (293 Mg C ha-1) and the lowest for the Enset (235 Mg C ha-1) system. Biomass (above- and belowground) C stocks were the highest for the Enset-coffee system (116 ±65 Mg C ha-1), followed by Fruit-coffee (79 ±24) and Enset (49 ±44) systems. Trees (fruit and non-fruit) formed 81, 89 and 80% of total biomass C stocks for Enset, Enset-coffee and Fruit-coffee agroforestry systems, respectively; the remainder being coffee, enset, litter, herbaceous plants, and fine root biomass. SOC to biomass C ratios were 4:1 for the Enset system, 2:1 for Fruit-coffee system, and 1.5:1 for the Enset-coffee system.
Monthly litterfall production per unit crown area decreased in the order: Croton macrostachyus Del. > Erythrina brucei Schweinf. > Cordia africana Lam. > Persea americana Mill. > Mangifera indica L. > Coffea arabica L. > Millettia ferruginea (Hochst.) Bak. The annual litterfall production (sum of seven species) averaged 7430 kg ha-1(land area) for the…
Subjects/Keywords: forest Ecology; forest Ecology
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Tesemma, M. N. (2013). The indigenous agroforestry systems of the south-eastern Rift Valley escarpment, Ethiopia: Their biodiversity, carbon stocks, and litterfall. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Helsinki. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10138/41758
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Tesemma, Mesele Negash. “The indigenous agroforestry systems of the south-eastern Rift Valley escarpment, Ethiopia: Their biodiversity, carbon stocks, and litterfall.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Helsinki. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/10138/41758.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Tesemma, Mesele Negash. “The indigenous agroforestry systems of the south-eastern Rift Valley escarpment, Ethiopia: Their biodiversity, carbon stocks, and litterfall.” 2013. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Tesemma MN. The indigenous agroforestry systems of the south-eastern Rift Valley escarpment, Ethiopia: Their biodiversity, carbon stocks, and litterfall. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2013. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/41758.
Council of Science Editors:
Tesemma MN. The indigenous agroforestry systems of the south-eastern Rift Valley escarpment, Ethiopia: Their biodiversity, carbon stocks, and litterfall. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/41758
University of Helsinki
15.
Petty, Aaron.
Opportunities for cost mitigation and efficiency improvements through rationalization of small-diameter energy wood supply chains.
Degree: Department of Forest Sciences; Metsäteho, Vantaa, Finland, 2014, University of Helsinki
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/43033
► The production of energy wood from small-diameter (DBH < 9 cm) forests in Finland through separate energy wood and integrated energy wood and pulpwood production…
(more)
▼ The production of energy wood from small-diameter (DBH < 9 cm) forests in Finland through separate energy wood and integrated energy wood and pulpwood production often face cost pressures that inhibit economic viability of many operations. Systemic factors, such as small stem sizes, limited removals, and high density of young forest stands limit the efficiency of many operations resulting in low productivity and high operating costs, particularly within cutting operations.
Within the study, means to increase efficiency and mitigate costs of small-diameter energy wood and integrated energy wood and pulpwood operations by identifying optimal methods, technologies, and policy that may be applied were investigated. Studies of integrated and delimbed stemwood cutting methods including the use of multi-tree handling and combined timber assortments in forest stands with stem size (DBH) of removals varying between 5-17 cm were investigated and compared against separate pulpwood production. Findings suggest that the methods provide increases in productivity and decreases in costs, particularly in < 11 cm DBH conditions. Crane scale measuring was investigated as a technical solution in timber logistics to be applied in energy wood and industrial roundwood procurement. The measuring method, used as a basis of payment, was found to provide a reliable, accurate, and cost effective method when compared with a manual timber pile measurement system. Policies, in the form of financial incentives were investigated to determine the effects of applicable subsidies on the profitability of energy wood production based on stem size of removal, finding possibilities for profitable operations with reduction in subsidies, however, with stem sizes (DBH) of removal ≤ 7 cm incentives played an important role in increasing profitability.
Cost reductions were identified through: The utilization of integrated and delimbed stemwood harvesting methods with multi-tree handling, decreasing harvesting costs by 0.1-52.4% dependent on stem size (DBH) of removal between 7-17 cm when compared to a traditional pulpwood harvesting method; Combining timber assortments providing harvesting cost reductions between 1.5-8.0% between 5-17 cm; Crane scale measurement use provided increased accuracy and a 18.2-45.5% reduction in costs when compared to a manual timber pile measurement system when dependent on estimated working volumes between 20,000-30,000 cubic meters; Financial incentives under the PETU system were applied increasing profit margins of integrated supply chain operations by 14.3-19.9% dependent on stem size of removal, particularly with stem size of removals between 5-7 cm. Through rationalization of supply chains, harvesting methods, technologies, and policy which exhibit the ability to reduce costs should be utilized throughout the whole supply chain where implementation is possible.
Keywords: Energy wood production, integrated forest operations, supply chain profitability, productivity, small-diameter forest stands, subsidies, crane scale…
Subjects/Keywords: forest sciences; forest sciences
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APA (6th Edition):
Petty, A. (2014). Opportunities for cost mitigation and efficiency improvements through rationalization of small-diameter energy wood supply chains. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Helsinki. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10138/43033
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Petty, Aaron. “Opportunities for cost mitigation and efficiency improvements through rationalization of small-diameter energy wood supply chains.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Helsinki. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/10138/43033.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Petty, Aaron. “Opportunities for cost mitigation and efficiency improvements through rationalization of small-diameter energy wood supply chains.” 2014. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Petty A. Opportunities for cost mitigation and efficiency improvements through rationalization of small-diameter energy wood supply chains. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2014. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/43033.
Council of Science Editors:
Petty A. Opportunities for cost mitigation and efficiency improvements through rationalization of small-diameter energy wood supply chains. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/43033
University of Helsinki
16.
Manavakun, Nopparat.
Harvesting operations in eucalyptus plantations in Thailand.
Degree: Department of Forest Sciences, 2014, University of Helsinki
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/45087
;
http://dx.doi.org/10.14214/df.177
► The eucalyptus has recently become important to the timber supply in Thailand, especially for the pulp industry. The demand for raw material is continuously increasing,…
(more)
▼ The eucalyptus has recently become important to the timber supply in Thailand, especially for the pulp industry. The demand for raw material is continuously increasing, but the harvesting techniques continue to rely on old-fashioned methods of harvesting, which are motor-manual and labour-intensive operations. These harvesting operations typically provide relatively low productivity and are time consuming. This study addressed the timber harvesting potential in Thailand: the average productivity, which tasks are ineffective work phases, and how the work performance can be improved. Therefore, the study was conducted to comprehend the existing timber harvesting systems as a whole, to compare the alternatives and to explore improvements in forest harvesting systems in Thailand through work study, working postures analysis, and simulation. Work study allowed the researcher to understand in detail the conventional harvesting systems and obtain information regarding work activities and time allocations. Harmful tasks and awkward working postures were evaluated by working posture analysis. Simulation allowed the researcher to examine the impact of changing harvesting systems.
The study confirmed that motor-manual operations have a rather low production rate compared to intermediate and fully mechanized harvesting techniques, which are applied in other parts of the world. The most unproductive work phase is cross-cutting, and further research should pay attention to this work phase. According to the working postures analysis, the most problematic working postures found for manual tasks included stacking, delimbing, and loading. Simulation findings suggested that reorganization of job sequences is one major possibility for improving productivity. Log length and tree size also have a significant effect on overall productivity. Further research should consider enhancing the system with partial mechanization, such as farm tractors, skidders and multi-tree-handling harvesters. Education and training are also important measures to increase not only work performance, but also to improve work safety.
Thaimaalaiselle puunhuollolle eucalyptuksen saatavuus on muodostunut hiljattain tärkeäksi, erityisesti selluloosateollisuudelle. Raaka-aineen tarve nousee jatkuvasti, mutta korjuu menetelmät pohjautuvat edelleen vanhanaikaisiin, työvoimavaltaisiin korjuumenetelmiin. Tämä menetelmä pohjautuu paikalliseen osaamiseen ja eikä vaadi suurta taloudellista panostusta, jolloin myös tuloksena on suhteellisen alhainen tuotannon aste. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on esitellä vaihtoehtoja korjuumenetelmien suhteen thaimaalaisissa olosuhteissa ja lisäksi myös parantaa työntekijöiden hyvinvointia. Tutkimuksessa on vertailtu olemassa olevan puunkorjuun menetelmää vaihtoehtoisiin menetelmiin ja etsiä parannuksia puunkorjuuseen Thaimaassa.
Tutkimustulosten mukaan työvoimavaltaisella menetelmällä on varsin alhainen tuottoaste verrattuna osittain koneellistettuun tai täysin koneellistettuun tekniikkaan, mitkä ovat käytössä muualla maailmassa.…
Subjects/Keywords: forest Technology; forest Technology
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APA (6th Edition):
Manavakun, N. (2014). Harvesting operations in eucalyptus plantations in Thailand. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Helsinki. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10138/45087 ; http://dx.doi.org/10.14214/df.177
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Manavakun, Nopparat. “Harvesting operations in eucalyptus plantations in Thailand.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Helsinki. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/10138/45087 ; http://dx.doi.org/10.14214/df.177.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Manavakun, Nopparat. “Harvesting operations in eucalyptus plantations in Thailand.” 2014. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Manavakun N. Harvesting operations in eucalyptus plantations in Thailand. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2014. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/45087 ; http://dx.doi.org/10.14214/df.177.
Council of Science Editors:
Manavakun N. Harvesting operations in eucalyptus plantations in Thailand. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/45087 ; http://dx.doi.org/10.14214/df.177
University of Helsinki
17.
Alam, Syed Ashraful.
Carbon stocks, greenhouse gas emissions and water balance of Sudanese savannah woodlands in relation to climate change.
Degree: Department of Forest Sciences, Viikki Tropical Resources Institute (VITRI), 2013, University of Helsinki
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/38140
► Understanding the carbon (C) sequestration potential of drylands requires knowledge of the stocks of C in soils and biomass and on the factors affecting them.…
(more)
▼ Understanding the carbon (C) sequestration potential of drylands requires knowledge of the stocks of C in soils and biomass and on the factors affecting them. The overall aim of the study was to determine and evaluate the variation in the C stocks and water balance of Acacia savannah woodlands across the dryland (arid and semi-arid) region (10-16 ºN; 21-36 °E) of the former Sudan (now mainly in the Republic of the Sudan) and how they are related to climatic factors and may be affected by climate change. The role played by small but numerous brick making industries on woodland deforestation in the region and greenhouse gas production was also investigated. The study region is often referred to as the gum belt because it is the world s major source of gum Arabic, which is harvested from Acacia trees. The soils in the centre and west of the region are mainly Arenosols (sandy soils) and those in the eastern part are mainly Vertisols (clay soils). The soils are C poor and often in a degraded state.
This dissertation consists of a summary section and four articles (Study I, II, III and IV). Study I focuses on fuelwood consumption by the brick making industries (BMIs) and associated deforestation and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In Study II the C densities (g C m-2) of the woodland tree biomass and soil (1 m) for 39 map sheets covering the study region were determined from national forest inventory data and global soil databases and the dependence on mean annual precipitation (MAP) and mean annual temperature (MAT) determined. The water balance of savannah woodlands for the same 39 map sheets was modelled in Study III and the variation in water balance components across the region evaluated. The potential impacts of climate change on woodland biomass C density and water-use (actual evapotranspiration, AET) was analysed for eight of the map sheets in Study IV.
Sudanese BMIs consume a considerable amount of fuelwood that mainly comes from unsustainably managed woodland and contributes to deforestation and GHG emissions (Study I). While GHG emissions from BMIs only account for a small part of Sudan s total GHG emissions, the associated deforestation and land degradation is of concern. Implementation of better regulation, use of biomass fuel from sustainable sources and technological improvement in BMIs kilns will reduce deforestation and GHG emissions.
Savannah woodland C densities, both biomass and soil, were low and clearly below potential C sequestration capacity (Study II). The loss of trees across the region was indicated by very low biomass C density values in comparison to modelled NPP (net primary production) values. The estimated SOC densities although low, were higher than reported in some recent soil C studies from the region. This was attributed to the use of old data in the global soil database and indicates the degree of land degradation and loss of SOC that has taken place over the last few decades. However, in spite of woodland and soil degradation, biomass C and SOC densities remained positively and…
Subjects/Keywords: forest Sciences; forest Sciences
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APA (6th Edition):
Alam, S. A. (2013). Carbon stocks, greenhouse gas emissions and water balance of Sudanese savannah woodlands in relation to climate change. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Helsinki. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10138/38140
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Alam, Syed Ashraful. “Carbon stocks, greenhouse gas emissions and water balance of Sudanese savannah woodlands in relation to climate change.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Helsinki. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/10138/38140.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Alam, Syed Ashraful. “Carbon stocks, greenhouse gas emissions and water balance of Sudanese savannah woodlands in relation to climate change.” 2013. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Alam SA. Carbon stocks, greenhouse gas emissions and water balance of Sudanese savannah woodlands in relation to climate change. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2013. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/38140.
Council of Science Editors:
Alam SA. Carbon stocks, greenhouse gas emissions and water balance of Sudanese savannah woodlands in relation to climate change. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/38140
University of Helsinki
18.
Rantala, Salla.
The winding road from exclusion to ownership : Governance and social outcomes in contemporary forest conservation in northeastern Tanzania.
Degree: Department of Forest Sciences, Viikki Tropical Resources Institute; University of Helsinki, Department of Political and Economic Studies, Development Studies, 2013, University of Helsinki
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/38294
► Tropical forests are subject to global conservation efforts, while at the same time they are of direct value for local livelihoods in the developing world.…
(more)
▼ Tropical forests are subject to global conservation efforts, while at the same time they are of direct value for local livelihoods in the developing world. Failure to reconcile conflicting global and local interests has led to situations where the costs of both forest loss and conservation are borne most heavily by those least able to afford them. Subsequently, conservation approaches have evolved from fully exclusionary ones (i.e. protected areas) to approaches involving local participation in forest management and efforts to mitigate livelihood losses or create social benefits from conservation. This study contributes to understanding how positive and negative social impacts of different forest conservation policies are distributed within forest adjacent communities in Tanzania, and what kind of governance practices may be associated with the observed outcomes.
Through a mix of qualitative and quantitative social research methods, Studies I and II assessed the impacts and processes of compensated displacement from a forest protected area, the Derema corridor. Studies III and IV compared the outcomes and practices of Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) to expectations of increased equity and effectiveness of forest management in the context of democratic decentralization in the same landscape.
The results suggest that the negative impacts of displacement from the Derema corridor were most felt by women and the poorest segments of the affected communities, due to restricted access to production resources and a failure to access monetary compensation for the lost assets. A minority of better-off farmers emerged as relative winners by accessing considerable compensation and investing in improved livelihoods. The outcomes were conditioned by the procedures followed, marked by unpreparedness and disruptions in the presence of the implementing agencies, as well as the limited agency of local actors, especially women, in negotiations over the conditions of conservation and compensation. The limitations of monetary compensation for conservation-induced human displacement are discussed. As a result of CBFM, forest tenure security of local village communities has increased, but strict village forest rules preclude livelihood benefits, while some villagers have incurred costs from land appropriation for village forest reserves. The outcomes of forest rights devolution in the East Usambaras may be seen as path-dependent institutional reproduction that follows the previous exclusionary models of forest conservation. Enhanced deliberative processes, access to accountability measures, and increased awareness of procedural rights are central issues for improving CBFM equity and sustainability.
Trooppisten metsien suojelua perustellaan maailmanlaajuisesti tärkeillä arvoilla kuten luonnon monimuotoisuuden säilyttäminen. Samalla metsät ovat myös tärkeitä paikalliselle toimeentulolle kehittyvissä maissa. Kun paikallisia ja globaaleja arvoja ei onnistuta yhteensovittamaan metsien suojelussa, syntyy ristiriitoja kehityksen ja…
Subjects/Keywords: forest Sciences; forest Sciences
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APA (6th Edition):
Rantala, S. (2013). The winding road from exclusion to ownership : Governance and social outcomes in contemporary forest conservation in northeastern Tanzania. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Helsinki. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10138/38294
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rantala, Salla. “The winding road from exclusion to ownership : Governance and social outcomes in contemporary forest conservation in northeastern Tanzania.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Helsinki. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/10138/38294.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rantala, Salla. “The winding road from exclusion to ownership : Governance and social outcomes in contemporary forest conservation in northeastern Tanzania.” 2013. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Rantala S. The winding road from exclusion to ownership : Governance and social outcomes in contemporary forest conservation in northeastern Tanzania. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2013. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/38294.
Council of Science Editors:
Rantala S. The winding road from exclusion to ownership : Governance and social outcomes in contemporary forest conservation in northeastern Tanzania. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/38294
19.
Etongo Bau, Daniel.
Deforestation and forest degradation in southern Burkina Faso: Understanding the drivers of change and options for revegetation.
Degree: Department of Forest Sciences, 2016, University of Helsinki
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/161129
► Tropical deforestation and forest degradation (DD) contribute approximately 15% of the annual global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, they are considered the main emissions…
(more)
▼ Tropical deforestation and forest degradation (DD) contribute approximately 15% of the annual global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, they are considered the main emissions sources in most developing countries. Despite the potentials of forest and tree plantations to mitigate the effects of climate change through carbon sequestration, DD still remains a challenge in Africa. Globally, the forests of Africa are the most depleted of all tropical regions, with only 30% of historical forest area still remaining. In addition, Africa s complexity in terms of its geography, politics, socioculture, economy, institutions etc. is an indication of why Africa has defied all simple solutions in addressing DD: a phenomenon considered location- and situation-specific.
The biophysical setting of Burkina Faso exposes the central and northern region to drought and desertification. Such conditions have caused human migration to the southwestern regions, which offer better opportunities for rain-fed agriculture, but also experiences the highest rates of deforestation. On the other hand, the ongoing regreening process in the Sahel through tree planting and assisted natural regeneration of indigenous tree species is a signal for regrowth and revegetation. This study contributes to understanding the drivers of DD in four adjacent village communities in the Ziro province, southern Burkina Faso in the light of the forest transition theory. Specifically, this study assesses the drivers of DD at the farm/forest level and also identifies options for regrowth/revegetation. This dissertation consists of four articles (studies I, II, III, and IV). Studies I and II refer to stage two of the forest transition curve (forest frontier) while studies III and IV refer to stage four of the curve (forest/plantations/agricultural mosaics).
Various methods were used during data collection, including interviews with key informants, focus group discussions (FGDs), two hundred household interviews (studies I, II, and III), gathering a list of local botanical knowledge from 48 participants (study IV), and a field survey. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used in analyzing the data.
Low agricultural production expressed in the sizes (areas) and ages of farms together with land tenure insecurity were found to lead to increased deforestation. Results suggested that a 10% increase in farm size would result in a 4% increase in annual deforestation (study I). Furthermore, results in study II indicated that non-poor and fairly poor farmers contributed more towards activities considered environmentally degrading, such as deforestation, overgrazing etc., than the poorest farmers. On the other hand, the adoption of sustainable land management practices was relatively low among the poorest farmers.
Tree planters were mainly farmers who held large and old farm areas, were literate and relatively wealthy, held favorable attitudes towards tree planting, and had participated in a farmers group for several years (study III). Local knowledge…
Subjects/Keywords: Forest Ecology; Forest Ecology
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APA (6th Edition):
Etongo Bau, D. (2016). Deforestation and forest degradation in southern Burkina Faso: Understanding the drivers of change and options for revegetation. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Helsinki. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10138/161129
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Etongo Bau, Daniel. “Deforestation and forest degradation in southern Burkina Faso: Understanding the drivers of change and options for revegetation.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Helsinki. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/10138/161129.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Etongo Bau, Daniel. “Deforestation and forest degradation in southern Burkina Faso: Understanding the drivers of change and options for revegetation.” 2016. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Etongo Bau D. Deforestation and forest degradation in southern Burkina Faso: Understanding the drivers of change and options for revegetation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2016. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/161129.
Council of Science Editors:
Etongo Bau D. Deforestation and forest degradation in southern Burkina Faso: Understanding the drivers of change and options for revegetation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/161129
University of Helsinki
20.
Koskinen, Markku.
Impacts of restoration of forestry-drained peatlands on nutrient and organic carbon exports and methane dynamics.
Degree: Department of Forest Sciences; Finnish Natural Resources Institute, 2017, University of Helsinki
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/170405
► In this study, the effects of restoration of forestry-drained peatlands on the nutrient and organic carbon exports and methane dynamics of the restored sites are…
(more)
▼ In this study, the effects of restoration of forestry-drained peatlands on the nutrient and organic carbon exports and methane dynamics of the restored sites are explored. The study consists of four sub-studies. Two of the sub-studies are concerned with the effects on water quality and export of elements of restoration and were conducted on a catchment scale. One of the studies was conducted in the laboratory, and assessed the release of elements from peat samples under anaerobic inundation simulating the effects of a rising water table after restoration or logging. The fourth study was again a field study, in which the differences in methane emissions between undrained, drained and restored spruce swamp forests were assessed. In all, 24 different pristine, drained and restored sites are featured in the study, one site being present in two of the sub-studies.
The results indicate potentially large effects of restoration especially on the nutrient rich spruce-dominated sites, which had the highest restoration-induced increases in organic carbon and nutrient exports in the catchment studies, and which also exhibited high methane emissions after restoration, higher than in the undrained or drained state. The results should prompt research into the techniques applied in restoration of such sites and into the processes which lie behind these large effects.
Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin metsäojitettujen soiden ennallistamisen vaikutuksia ravinteiden ja orgaanisen hiilen huuhtoutumiseen ja metaanidynamiikkaan. Työ koostuu neljästä alitutkimuksesta. Kahdessa alitutkimuksessa selvitettiin vaikutuksia veden laatuun ja aineiden huuhtou-tumiseen, ja ne toteutettiin valuma-aluetasolla. Yksi alitutkimus oli laboratoriokoe, jossa selvitettiin aineiden liukenemista turpeesta anaerobisessa muhituksessa, jolla jäljiteltiin hakkuuta tai ennallistamista seuraavaa nousevaa vedenpintaa. Neljäs tutkimus oli jälleen maastotutkimus, ja siinä selvitettiin luonnontilaisten, ojitettujen ja ennallistettujen korpien metaanipäästöjen eroavaisuuksia. Kaikkiaan tutkimuksessa käsiteltiin 24:ää eri suota, joista yksi oli mukana kahdessa eri alitutkimuksessa.
Tulokset viittaavat siihen, että ennallistamisella voi olla huomattavia vaikutuksia etenkin ravinnerikkaiden kuusivaltaisten soiden tapauksessa. Niissä havaittiin suurimmat liuenneen orgaanisen hiilen ja ravinteiden kuormitus ennallistamisen jälkeen valuma-aluetason tutkimuksissa. Niiltä havaittiin ennallistamisen jälkeen myös huomattavia metaanipäästöjä, suurempia kuin luonnontilaisilta tai ojitetuilta kohteilta. Tulosten perusteella tulisi edelleen tutkia ennallistamisen menetelmiä ja niitä prosesseja, jotka vaikuttavat havaittujen vaikutusten taustalla.
Subjects/Keywords: forest sciences; forest sciences
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APA (6th Edition):
Koskinen, M. (2017). Impacts of restoration of forestry-drained peatlands on nutrient and organic carbon exports and methane dynamics. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Helsinki. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10138/170405
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Koskinen, Markku. “Impacts of restoration of forestry-drained peatlands on nutrient and organic carbon exports and methane dynamics.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Helsinki. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/10138/170405.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Koskinen, Markku. “Impacts of restoration of forestry-drained peatlands on nutrient and organic carbon exports and methane dynamics.” 2017. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Koskinen M. Impacts of restoration of forestry-drained peatlands on nutrient and organic carbon exports and methane dynamics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2017. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/170405.
Council of Science Editors:
Koskinen M. Impacts of restoration of forestry-drained peatlands on nutrient and organic carbon exports and methane dynamics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/170405
University of Helsinki
21.
Adamczyk, Sylwia.
The role of terpenes in carbon and nitrogen cycling in boreal forest soils.
Degree: Department of Forest Sciences; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 2016, University of Helsinki
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/166676
► Cycling of carbon (C) and nutrients plays pivotal role for functioning of every ecosystem. Biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen (N) are balanced by a…
(more)
▼ Cycling of carbon (C) and nutrients plays pivotal role for functioning of every ecosystem. Biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen (N) are balanced by a network of inter-actions between plants, litter and soil chemistry, microbial communities, enzyme machinery and climate conditions. This thesis focuses on the role of terpenes in C and N transformations in boreal forest soils. Terpenes are abundant plant secondary compounds. The focus was on certain mono-, di-, and triterpenes. Soil incubation experiments revealed that terpenes increased the mineralization of carbon but decreased net nitrogen mineralization and net nitrification. Additionally they increased the amounts of carbon and nitrogen in the microbial biomass through enhancement of bacterial growth; however, they inhibited fungal growth. This study suggests that terpenes can act as a C source for some microbial communities. Moreover, terpenes showed inhibitory potential against enzymes, which are involved in C, N, P, S cycling. The mechanism of inhibition seems to be based at least partially on ability of terpenes to bind enzymes. The field experiment presented the effect of logging residues and wood ash on composition of terpenes and C and N cycling in soil five years after clear-cutting a Norway spruce stand. Logging residue treatment increased the concentrations of certain terpenes in the organic layer. Both, logging residue and wood ash treatments increased net N mineralization and net nitrification. Some changes in terpene concentrations correlated with C and N cycling processes, but the relationship between terpene concentration and C and N cycling processes remained still unclear in the field conditions. In conclusion, terpenes can affect C and N transformations in boreal forest soil. It is probable that terpenes change N cycling retaining more N in organic forms and potentially decrease nitrogen losses from forest ecosystem.
Hiilen ja ravinteiden kierto on edellytys ekosysteemin toiminnalle. Hiilen (C) ja typen (N) biogeokemiallisessa kierrossa kasvien, karikkeen ja maan kemiallinen koostumus, mikrobiyhteisöt, entsyymikoneisto ja ilmastolliset olosuhteet ovat vuorovaikutuksessa keskenään. Tässä väitöskirjassa tarkastellaan terpeenien merkitystä boreaalisten metsämaiden hiilen ja typen kierrossa. Terpeenit ovat yleisiä kasvin sekundääriyhdisteitä. Väitöskirjassa keskitytään joihinkin mono-, di- ja triterpeeneihin. Laboratoriokokeet osoittivat, että tutkitut terpeenit kiihdyttivät metsämaan hiilen mineralisaatiota, mutta samalla ne hidastivat typen nettomineralisaatiota ja nettonitrifikaatiota. Lisäksi terpeenit lisäsivät mikrobibiomassassa olevat hiilen ja typen määrää todennäköisesti siitä syystä, että ne kiihdyttivät bakteerien kasvunopeutta; sienten kasvunopeus sen sijaan hidastui terpeenien vaikutuksesta. Tulokset viittasivat siihen, että terpeenit toimivat hiilen lähteenä joillekin mikrobeille. Lisäksi terpeenit estivät hiilen, typen, fosforin ja rikin kiertoon liittyvien entsyymien toimintaa, johtuen ainakin osaksi terpeenien kyvystä sitoa…
Subjects/Keywords: forest science; forest science
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Adamczyk, S. (2016). The role of terpenes in carbon and nitrogen cycling in boreal forest soils. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Helsinki. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10138/166676
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Adamczyk, Sylwia. “The role of terpenes in carbon and nitrogen cycling in boreal forest soils.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Helsinki. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/10138/166676.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Adamczyk, Sylwia. “The role of terpenes in carbon and nitrogen cycling in boreal forest soils.” 2016. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Adamczyk S. The role of terpenes in carbon and nitrogen cycling in boreal forest soils. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2016. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/166676.
Council of Science Editors:
Adamczyk S. The role of terpenes in carbon and nitrogen cycling in boreal forest soils. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/166676
Southern Cross University
22.
Palmer, Graeme.
Conversion modelling: simulating tree stems.
Degree: 2010, Southern Cross University
URL: http://epubs.scu.edu.au/theses/123
► Profit in a competitive environment requires information to support efficient resource use in all endeavours including the forest and wood industry. The capacity to estimate…
(more)
▼ Profit in a competitive environment requires information to support efficient resource use in all endeavours including the forest and wood industry. The capacity to estimate value of a stand by modelling trees and simulating conversion along the whole value chain offers the potential to maximise efficiency, by enabling virtual trials of different production, processing and utilisation scenarios. Such a system needs three components, namely a virtual stem maker, a processor and an economic or accounting module. This project seeks to build a virtual stem maker that can define a virtual resource based on minimal field measurements.
For decades foresters have used models to estimate future yields and used numerical analysis to predict the value or product outturn. The most recent developments in the field of production and conversion modelling attempt to link production and processing to capture a whole of value chain capacity to model quantity, quality and value. Existing systems are often cumbersome or limited in their ability and may only be applicable to a narrow context built from a discrete library of scanned or measured stems.
To achieve the greatest utility, conversion models should be broadly applicable in an operational context and should not be constrained in its application to species, location or management history, produce virtual stems at reasonable cost and include all features necessary to describe product quality and value in any market.
The attributes of a stem that need to be described to meet the design goals will include stem size, shape, knot distribution and wood properties.
The method used to describe and store a virtual stem should allow an accessible user interface, make efficient use of computer memory, be inexpensive to produce and include all stem characters that are required to meet the design goals. This thesis describes a system that creates virtual stems as geometric solids in Cartesian space described by a set of data values and numerical expressions, which are more efficient users of computer memory compared to large arrays or rasters. The data structure is open-ended offering flexibility in the detail included in a virtual stem, limited only by the capacity to construct systematic or numerical descriptions.
The scope of potential input sources includes, general information relating to a species, general information relating to plantation production, resource information (e.g. yield models, taper models, branching models) stand history and data collected in the field.
Given that in an operational environment, complex models of crown or wood properties development will not be widely available, field data becomes an important source of information from which virtual stems may be formed. Field data may also be manipulated by an experienced user to assess the value of novel stands that may be produced from production management decisions.
Simulated values for various characters can be generated using distributions of “nearest neighbours” within input data sets and have confidence that…
Subjects/Keywords: Forest Management; Forest Sciences
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APA (6th Edition):
Palmer, G. (2010). Conversion modelling: simulating tree stems. (Thesis). Southern Cross University. Retrieved from http://epubs.scu.edu.au/theses/123
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Palmer, Graeme. “Conversion modelling: simulating tree stems.” 2010. Thesis, Southern Cross University. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://epubs.scu.edu.au/theses/123.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Palmer, Graeme. “Conversion modelling: simulating tree stems.” 2010. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Palmer G. Conversion modelling: simulating tree stems. [Internet] [Thesis]. Southern Cross University; 2010. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://epubs.scu.edu.au/theses/123.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Palmer G. Conversion modelling: simulating tree stems. [Thesis]. Southern Cross University; 2010. Available from: http://epubs.scu.edu.au/theses/123
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Oregon State University
23.
Stidham, Melanie.
Converting forest biomass to energy in Oregon : stakeholder perspectives on a growing movement.
Degree: MS, Forest Resources, 2008, Oregon State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/7541
► Within Oregon there is considerable interest in the possibility of converting woody biomass to energy. This interest stems from three converging factors: the desire to…
(more)
▼ Within Oregon there is considerable interest in the possibility of converting woody biomass to energy. This interest stems from three converging factors: the desire to reduce the threat of uncharacteristic wildfire by removing excess material from the forests, the possibility to stimulate rural economies that are dependent on
forest products, and generation of renewable and/or clean energy from a local source. There have been a number of studies to assess the feasibility of wide-scale conversion of biomass to energy. These efforts have largely focused on technical barriers to the use of biomass for energy rather than social barriers. This study explores the social context of converting
forest biomass to energy, through use of semi-structured interviews. Forty interviewees were purposively selected from the following Oregon stakeholder groups: federal and state agencies, elected officials, community organizations, conservation organizations, the
forest industry sector, Tribes, energy utilities and non-utility energy experts. Information gained through the interviews was used to meet two research objectives: 1) to understand stakeholders' views on converting
forest biomass to energy in Oregon; 2) to identify, from the perspectives of stakeholders, the opportunities for and barriers to converting
forest biomass to energy, and potential strategies to overcome the barriers. In addition, there were two secondary objectives: a) to identify areas of common ground and conflict between and within stakeholder groups; and b) to identify policy components that would be necessary in the integration of the forestry and energy industries in Oregon.
Among research participants there was wide agreement on what constitutes
forest biomass; typically small diameter material that is currently non-merchantable, produced as a by-product of restoration or other
forest management activities. There was most agreement that restoration treatments are needed in low-elevation ponderosa pine forests in eastern and southwestern Oregon to reduce the risk of uncharacteristically large and severe wildfire. It is this risk of unusually intense wildfire that many research participants felt was driving this issue in Oregon, rather than potential energy or rural economic development benefits. Many research participants wanted at-risk forests restored to conditions within their historic/natural range of variability, which depended on site specific characteristics, but generally meant fewer trees per acre and inclusion of low-intensity fire.
The top three reasons research participants were interested in biomass utilization were the opportunities to generate renewable energy, restore forests, and stimulate economic growth in rural communities. While participants were enthusiastic about these opportunities, they brought up a number of barriers that would have to be addressed before the full suite of opportunities could be realized. The most vital and most challenging barrier was access to supply. Factors making supply more difficult to…
Advisors/Committee Members: Simon-Brown, Viviane (advisor), Adams, Darius (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: forest biomass; Forest biomass – Oregon
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APA (6th Edition):
Stidham, M. (2008). Converting forest biomass to energy in Oregon : stakeholder perspectives on a growing movement. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/7541
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Stidham, Melanie. “Converting forest biomass to energy in Oregon : stakeholder perspectives on a growing movement.” 2008. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1957/7541.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Stidham, Melanie. “Converting forest biomass to energy in Oregon : stakeholder perspectives on a growing movement.” 2008. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Stidham M. Converting forest biomass to energy in Oregon : stakeholder perspectives on a growing movement. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 2008. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/7541.
Council of Science Editors:
Stidham M. Converting forest biomass to energy in Oregon : stakeholder perspectives on a growing movement. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/7541
University of Georgia
24.
Adams, Stephanie Marie.
Surveying for Phytophthora species in water and soil in Georgia.
Degree: MS, Plant Pathology, 2008, University of Georgia
URL: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/adams_stephanie_m_200805_ms
► Phytophthora species are water and soil-borne saprophytes and plant pathogens. The introduction of P. ramorum, the causal agent of sudden oak death (SOD) into Georgia…
(more)
▼ Phytophthora species are water and soil-borne saprophytes and plant pathogens. The introduction of P. ramorum, the causal agent of sudden oak death (SOD) into Georgia has created an interest in identifying Phytophthora sp. occurring in ornamental plant nurseries and natural forests in Georgia. Phytophthora sp. can be identified from water and soil using host plant tissue bait surveys. In this study, water and soil surveys were conducted to identify Phytophthora sp. and determine the spread of P. ramorum from sites of introduction in ornamental nurseries into surrounding natural areas. The results of this study showed that Phytophthora sp. can be recovered from
forest and suburban streams and ornamental nursery retention ponds. Phytophthora ramorum was recovered from soil in one retail nursery several times over the course of a year, including areas away from the site of initial introduction.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jean Williams-Woodward.
Subjects/Keywords: forest pathology
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APA (6th Edition):
Adams, S. M. (2008). Surveying for Phytophthora species in water and soil in Georgia. (Masters Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/adams_stephanie_m_200805_ms
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Adams, Stephanie Marie. “Surveying for Phytophthora species in water and soil in Georgia.” 2008. Masters Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/adams_stephanie_m_200805_ms.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Adams, Stephanie Marie. “Surveying for Phytophthora species in water and soil in Georgia.” 2008. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Adams SM. Surveying for Phytophthora species in water and soil in Georgia. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Georgia; 2008. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/adams_stephanie_m_200805_ms.
Council of Science Editors:
Adams SM. Surveying for Phytophthora species in water and soil in Georgia. [Masters Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2008. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/adams_stephanie_m_200805_ms
University of Georgia
25.
Westbrook, Michael D.
Forest biomass recovery by adding small chippers to tree-length harvesting systems in planted pine stands of the southern USA.
Degree: MS, Forest Resources, 2008, University of Georgia
URL: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/westbrook_michael_d_200805_ms
► We investigated the addition of a small chipper (Conehead 565 or Woodsman 334) to mechanized, tree-length systems in planted southern pine stands to harvest tops,…
(more)
▼ We investigated the addition of a small chipper (Conehead 565 or Woodsman 334) to mechanized, tree-length systems in planted southern pine stands to harvest tops, limbs, and understory (dbh 1-4 inch) biomass in addition to traditional roundwood products. The systems were examined in three replicated studies involving clearcuts and thinnings in 2006 - 2007 in Georgia. Understory standing biomass (excluding the limbs and tops of merchantable stems) ranged from 3.7 to 26.3 tons per acre in the three studies. Chipping the limbs and tops of merchantable stems did not reduce the production of roundwood, but only produced 3-4 tons per acre of biomass. Harvesting understory biomass in addition to chipping limbs and tops worked well with clearcut harvests, but reduced roundwood production by 50% in the thinning study. Small chippers added to roundwood operations appear to have the most potential in clearcut harvests where less than 15 tons per acre of biomass are harvested and daily chip production is approximately 70-80 tons per day (2-3 truckloads). Green chips averaged 45% moisture content while dry chips had higher heating values of 8200 BTU/lb, which is comparable to other woody biomass.
Advisors/Committee Members: W. Dale Greene.
Subjects/Keywords: Forest biomass
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APA (6th Edition):
Westbrook, M. D. (2008). Forest biomass recovery by adding small chippers to tree-length harvesting systems in planted pine stands of the southern USA. (Masters Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/westbrook_michael_d_200805_ms
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Westbrook, Michael D. “Forest biomass recovery by adding small chippers to tree-length harvesting systems in planted pine stands of the southern USA.” 2008. Masters Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/westbrook_michael_d_200805_ms.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Westbrook, Michael D. “Forest biomass recovery by adding small chippers to tree-length harvesting systems in planted pine stands of the southern USA.” 2008. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Westbrook MD. Forest biomass recovery by adding small chippers to tree-length harvesting systems in planted pine stands of the southern USA. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Georgia; 2008. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/westbrook_michael_d_200805_ms.
Council of Science Editors:
Westbrook MD. Forest biomass recovery by adding small chippers to tree-length harvesting systems in planted pine stands of the southern USA. [Masters Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2008. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/westbrook_michael_d_200805_ms
University of Georgia
26.
Aragundi León, Sheika.
Biogeographic study of the Polylepis forest remnants of the northeastern Cordillera Oriental of Ecuador and implications for their conservation.
Degree: PhD, Geography, 2008, University of Georgia
URL: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/aragundi_sheika_m_200812_phd
► This dissertation aimed to clarify the relative importance of environmental versus human factors in shaping the historic and modern distribution of Polylepis forest in the…
(more)
▼ This dissertation aimed to clarify the relative importance of environmental versus human factors in shaping the historic and modern distribution of Polylepis
forest in the southern part of the northeastern Cordillera Oriental of Ecuador (491 km2) and to assess the implications of its current distribution range for the genetic variation of the dominant tree species, Polylepis pauta, and for its floristic diversity.
Aerial photography interpretation revealed that Polylepis
forest covered approximately 5% percent of the study area in 1956 and that around 3% of that
forest cover was lost by 1999 through attrition and shrinkage. Spatial associations between fire, landslides and Polylepis
forest loss combined with knowledge of indigenous land use practices, suggests an anthropogenic transition from
forest to grassland in the study area. The analysis of allozyme variation from twelve Polylepis
forest patches showed that the level of genetic diversity maintained by Polylepis pauta, coupled with low levels of genetic differentiation between populations within and among watersheds, is consistent with a more continuous historical range of the species in the southern part of the northeastern Cordillera Oriental of Ecuador. Results also identify the Oyacachi basin as the richest in P. pauta genetic diversity.
Overall floristic diversity recorded in the Polylepis pauta
forest patches sampled in the Chalpi, Oyacachi and Papallacta basins was lower than that observed in floristic inventories of Polylepis forests of Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. At the local scale, the Oyacachi basin was more diverse than the other two basins. The elevation range spanned by
forest patches showed the strongest relationship to plant species diversity. The continuous
forest of the Chalpi basin differed from
forest fragments in terms of the lower occurrence of ferns and the high frequency of a grass that is indicative of transition from
forest to páramo, Neurolepis elata. The virtual absence of N. elata from the other watersheds may be an anthropogenic condition. Phytolith analyses of Polylepis
forest species have considerable potential for studies of the historical range of Polylepis
forest in the northeastern Cordillera Oriental of Ecuador.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kathleen Parker.
Subjects/Keywords: Polylepis forest
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APA (6th Edition):
Aragundi León, S. (2008). Biogeographic study of the Polylepis forest remnants of the northeastern Cordillera Oriental of Ecuador and implications for their conservation. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/aragundi_sheika_m_200812_phd
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Aragundi León, Sheika. “Biogeographic study of the Polylepis forest remnants of the northeastern Cordillera Oriental of Ecuador and implications for their conservation.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Georgia. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/aragundi_sheika_m_200812_phd.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Aragundi León, Sheika. “Biogeographic study of the Polylepis forest remnants of the northeastern Cordillera Oriental of Ecuador and implications for their conservation.” 2008. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Aragundi León S. Biogeographic study of the Polylepis forest remnants of the northeastern Cordillera Oriental of Ecuador and implications for their conservation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Georgia; 2008. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/aragundi_sheika_m_200812_phd.
Council of Science Editors:
Aragundi León S. Biogeographic study of the Polylepis forest remnants of the northeastern Cordillera Oriental of Ecuador and implications for their conservation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Georgia; 2008. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/aragundi_sheika_m_200812_phd
University of Georgia
27.
Phanphanich, Manunya.
Pelleting characteristics of torrefied forest biomass.
Degree: MS, Agricultural Engineering, 2010, University of Georgia
URL: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/phanphanich_manunya_201008_ms
► Forest biomass (pine wood chips) was torrefied at different temperature (225 to 300 °C) to generate energy dense and hydrophobic biomass suitable for producing pellets.…
(more)
▼ Forest biomass (pine wood chips) was torrefied at different temperature (225 to 300 °C) to generate energy dense and hydrophobic biomass suitable for producing pellets. It was found that torrefaction of
forest biomass improved the energy density of biomass close to bituminous coal. Energy required for grinding of torrefied biomass was significantly reduced to 23 kWh/t compared to 238 kWh/t for raw pine chips. Feed and flow properties of torrefied wood powders also improved, as roundness (0.48 to 0.62), specific surface area (14 mm-1 to 64 mm-1), and flowability increased, while, cohesiveness decreased. Pelleting of torrefied biomass required significantly more applied pressure to achieve high pellet density compared to that of untreated biomass resulted in increased compressive energy consumption. Pellets made from torrefied biomass were found in dimensionally stability, high strength and durability, and absorbed less water compared to that of untreated biomass pellets.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sudhagar Mani.
Subjects/Keywords: forest biomass
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APA (6th Edition):
Phanphanich, M. (2010). Pelleting characteristics of torrefied forest biomass. (Masters Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/phanphanich_manunya_201008_ms
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Phanphanich, Manunya. “Pelleting characteristics of torrefied forest biomass.” 2010. Masters Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/phanphanich_manunya_201008_ms.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Phanphanich, Manunya. “Pelleting characteristics of torrefied forest biomass.” 2010. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Phanphanich M. Pelleting characteristics of torrefied forest biomass. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Georgia; 2010. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/phanphanich_manunya_201008_ms.
Council of Science Editors:
Phanphanich M. Pelleting characteristics of torrefied forest biomass. [Masters Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2010. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/phanphanich_manunya_201008_ms
University of Alberta
28.
Asselin, Jodie D.
Shades of Green: the social nature of Yukon forests.
Degree: PhD, Department of Anthropology, 2013, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/7w62f846f
► This dissertation is an exploration of forests as understood and encountered from numerous perspectives in the Yukon Territory. Dealing primarily with non-indigenous Yukon residents who…
(more)
▼ This dissertation is an exploration of forests as
understood and encountered from numerous perspectives in the Yukon
Territory. Dealing primarily with non-indigenous Yukon residents
who hunt, trap, work, recreate within, and aim to protect Yukon
forests, it addresses the origins and implications of diverse
forest perspectives in Canada’s north. This work is based primarily
off of anthropological fieldwork that took place in the Yukon
Territory in 2009. Methods included archival research, interviews
and participant observation. As a means of exploring the origin of
forest perspectives, the author focuses on four key areas: Yukon
forest history and contemporary forest views that invoke forest
history, different experiences and knowledge of forests, the
implications of regulation and boundaries on the forest experience,
and the role imagination plays in forest perception. Forests were
approached as multilocal and multivocal place, working from the
assumption that forests were experienced and understood differently
by residents. As a result, many contradictions became apparent that
forest users were living with. For example Yukon forests are
experienced as both pristine wilderness and as places of intensive
human use, as places of freedom while also being bound by
bureaucracy, and as the focus of competing forms of
environmentalism. A number of points arise from the examination of
such contradictions including the potential for used spaces to once
again be experienced as wild, how simplified self-narratives can
mask complex human-environment relations, and how the language
surrounding forest use and management is not necessarily based on
common understandings of forests experience. Rather than focusing
on forests as the background to broader social or economic issues,
this work examines the multilocal and multivocal nature of forests
as a means to better understanding local views, actions and
relationships between forest users.
Subjects/Keywords: forest; Yukon
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APA (6th Edition):
Asselin, J. D. (2013). Shades of Green: the social nature of Yukon forests. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/7w62f846f
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Asselin, Jodie D. “Shades of Green: the social nature of Yukon forests.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Alberta. Accessed February 16, 2020.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/7w62f846f.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Asselin, Jodie D. “Shades of Green: the social nature of Yukon forests.” 2013. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Asselin JD. Shades of Green: the social nature of Yukon forests. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2013. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/7w62f846f.
Council of Science Editors:
Asselin JD. Shades of Green: the social nature of Yukon forests. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2013. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/7w62f846f
University of Hawaii – Manoa
29.
Thair, Tiffany Leah.
Soil seed bank dynamics in a remnant lowland Hawaiian dry forest : implications for restoration.
Degree: 2016, University of Hawaii – Manoa
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101440
► M.S. University of Hawaii at Manoa 2011.
The objectives of this research were to: 1) evaluate the composition and seasonality of the input of seeds…
(more)
▼ M.S. University of Hawaii at Manoa 2011.
The objectives of this research were to: 1) evaluate the composition and seasonality of the input of seeds to the seed bank (seed rain); 2) evaluate the composition and seasonality of the soil seed bank; and 3) assess relationships among the seed rain, seed bank, and aboveground vegetation (including the canopy, understory, and seedling layers). The overall purpose of these objectives was to estimate the importance of the soil seed bank as a regenerative mechanism, and inform future management and restoration activities at Halona and, potentially, other Hawaiian dry forests.
Subjects/Keywords: forest restoration
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APA (6th Edition):
Thair, T. L. (2016). Soil seed bank dynamics in a remnant lowland Hawaiian dry forest : implications for restoration. (Thesis). University of Hawaii – Manoa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101440
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Thair, Tiffany Leah. “Soil seed bank dynamics in a remnant lowland Hawaiian dry forest : implications for restoration.” 2016. Thesis, University of Hawaii – Manoa. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101440.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Thair, Tiffany Leah. “Soil seed bank dynamics in a remnant lowland Hawaiian dry forest : implications for restoration.” 2016. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Thair TL. Soil seed bank dynamics in a remnant lowland Hawaiian dry forest : implications for restoration. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hawaii – Manoa; 2016. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101440.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Thair TL. Soil seed bank dynamics in a remnant lowland Hawaiian dry forest : implications for restoration. [Thesis]. University of Hawaii – Manoa; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101440
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Michigan Technological University
30.
Luokkala, Christa M.
RESPONSE OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI TO INORGANIC AND ORGANIC FORMS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS.
Degree: MS, School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, 2012, Michigan Technological University
URL: http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/611
► The nutrient uptake response of ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) to different nutrient substrates is a driving force in ecosystem nutrient cycling. We hypothesized that taxa…
(more)
▼ The nutrient uptake response of ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) to different nutrient substrates is a driving force in ecosystem nutrient cycling. We hypothesized that taxa from low nitrogen (N) soils would be more likely to use organic N compared to taxa from high N soils, and that taxa from high N would be more likely to use organic phosphorus (P) sources when compared to the ECM dominant in low N soils. This study focuses on the growth response of ECM species collected over a N gradient to different forms of N and P nutrient substrates and whether ECM growth in a particular nutrient source can be related to how the ECM fungi have responded to elevated N in the field. This study found a mixed ECM response to organic and inorganic N and P treatments. High affinity N taxa expected to respond positively to inorganic N produced the phosphatase enzyme to take up organic phosphorus, but not all low affinity N taxa expected to negatively respond to organic P produced the protease enzyme to take up organic N. Interspecific variability was displayed by some high and low affinity N taxa responded and ECM intraspecific variability in response to N and P treatments was also noted. Future analysis of may show more evident ECM response patterns to inorganic and organic forms of N and P.
Advisors/Committee Members: Erik A. Lilleskov.
Subjects/Keywords: Forest Sciences
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APA (6th Edition):
Luokkala, C. M. (2012). RESPONSE OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI TO INORGANIC AND ORGANIC FORMS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS. (Masters Thesis). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/611
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Luokkala, Christa M. “RESPONSE OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI TO INORGANIC AND ORGANIC FORMS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Michigan Technological University. Accessed February 16, 2020.
http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/611.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Luokkala, Christa M. “RESPONSE OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI TO INORGANIC AND ORGANIC FORMS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS.” 2012. Web. 16 Feb 2020.
Vancouver:
Luokkala CM. RESPONSE OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI TO INORGANIC AND ORGANIC FORMS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 16].
Available from: http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/611.
Council of Science Editors:
Luokkala CM. RESPONSE OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI TO INORGANIC AND ORGANIC FORMS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2012. Available from: http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/611
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Open Access Theses and Dissertations
