subject:(flunixin meglumine)

Texas A&M University

1. Nunez, Chase Michael. The Use of Drugs in Captive White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus): An Evaluation of Two Common Extra-Label Drug Uses in the Deer Breeding Industry.

Degree: MS, Biomedical Sciences, 2019, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/188786

► The white-tailed deer (WTD) breeding and hunting industry is a large and growing industry with an economic impact of over a billion dollars in Texas… (more)

▼ The white-tailed deer (WTD) breeding and hunting industry is a large and growing industry with an economic impact of over a billion dollars in Texas alone. The increasing number of deer in captive breeding facilities results in increased veterinary drug use on deer. However, drugs can act differently even among similar species so further information on drug use in deer would help managers and veterinarians make more sound decisions when using drugs in deer. Two examples of novel extra-label drug use in WTD are studied, evaluated, and explained. Tulathromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used commonly to treat livestock, including deer, with bacterial respiratory infections, often delivered subcutaneous (SQ) or intramuscular (IM). Since it is logistically difficult to put hands on a WTD, even in most captive breeding situations, a study was conducted to evaluated tulathromycin as a candidate for remote-delivery dart (RDD) in WTD. Twelve WTD were darted with CO2 powered RDD projectors to administer 2.5 mg/kg of tulathromycin IM. Blood was then collected nine times over 30 days and the serum concentration for each sample was quantified in order to determine the pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in each deer. Overall tulathromycin was poorly absorbed, reached low mean peak concentrations, had a high bioavailability, and an extremely long elimination half-life. The results indicated that darting with tulathromycin is an unpredictable means of administration and may not reach therapeutic concentrations. Flunixin meglumine (FM), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), was also evaluated for extra-label use in WTD in a case study with 72 WTD in South Texas. Texas Parks and Wildlife has seen anecdotal evidence of FM effectively reducing the body temperature of hyperthermic animals during game captures. Three of the deer in the case study became severely hyperthermic and the FM was tested in conjunction with cold water enemas. With over half of the 72 deer being hyperthermic, and three severely hyperthermic, a 100% post 30-day survival is strong evidence of the effect of FM. Advisors/Committee Members: Cook, Walter E (advisor), Fajt, Virginia (committee member), Blue-McLendon, Alice (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: White-tailed deer; Odocoileus virginianus; captive deer breeding; tulathromycin; Draxxin; flunixin meglumine; Banamine; darting

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nunez, C. M. (2019). The Use of Drugs in Captive White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus): An Evaluation of Two Common Extra-Label Drug Uses in the Deer Breeding Industry. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/188786

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nunez, Chase Michael. “The Use of Drugs in Captive White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus): An Evaluation of Two Common Extra-Label Drug Uses in the Deer Breeding Industry.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed February 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/188786.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nunez, Chase Michael. “The Use of Drugs in Captive White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus): An Evaluation of Two Common Extra-Label Drug Uses in the Deer Breeding Industry.” 2019. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Nunez CM. The Use of Drugs in Captive White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus): An Evaluation of Two Common Extra-Label Drug Uses in the Deer Breeding Industry. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2019. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/188786.

Council of Science Editors:

Nunez CM. The Use of Drugs in Captive White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus): An Evaluation of Two Common Extra-Label Drug Uses in the Deer Breeding Industry. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/188786

2. Smith, Briony. Comparison of Etomidate, Benzocaine, and MS222 Anesthesia with and without Subsequent Flunixin Meglumine Analgesia in African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus Laevis).

Degree: MS, Biomedical Sciences, 2018, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174300

► Often few alternative anesthetics for exotic species are available, due to the small numbers of these animals used in research. In this study, we evaluated… (more)

▼ Often few alternative anesthetics for exotic species are available, due to the small numbers of these animals used in research. In this study, we evaluated the depth and duration of anesthesia in Xenopus laevis after their immersion in 3 doses of etomidate (15, 22.5, and 30 mg/L) and in 3 doses of benzocaine (0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%) compared with the ‘gold standard,’ tricaine methanesulfonate (MS222; 2 g/L). We then chose an optimal dose for each alternative anesthetic according to induction time, duration of surgical plane, and time to complete recovery. The optimal etomidate and benzocaine doses (22.5 mg/L and 0.1%, respectively) as well as the MS222 dose were then used to achieve a surgical plane of anesthesia, with the addition of flunixin meglumine (25 or 50 mg/kg) administered in the dorsal lymph sac at the completion of mock oocyte harvest. Efficacy of the analgesic was assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 24 h postoperatively by using acetic acid testing (AAT). Histology of the liver, kidney, and tissues surrounding the dorsal lymph sac was performed at day 3, 14, and 28 in each group of animals. Mild to moderate myocyte degeneration and necrosis were present in tissues surrounding the dorsal lymph sac at both flunixin meglumine doses after etomidate and benzocaine anesthesia. In addition, the 50-mg/kg dose of flunixin meglumine resulted in the death of 5 of the 12 frogs within 24 h, despite an otherwise uneventful anesthetic recovery. In conclusion, benzocaine and etomidate offer alternative anesthetic regimens, according to typical requirements for an anesthetic event. Flunixin meglumine at the 25-mg/ kg dose provided analgesic relief at the latest time point during etomidate dosage and at all time points during benzocaine dosage, but further characterization is warranted regarding long-term or repeated analgesic administration. Advisors/Committee Members: Vemulapalli, Tracy (advisor), Baetge, Courtney (advisor), Elliott, James (committee member), Gresham, Vincent (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Xenopus; MS222; Flunixin Meglumine; Etomidate; Benzocaine

…MS222 Anesthesia with and without Subsequent Flunixin Meglumine Analgesia in African Clawed… …exists, including drugs such as morphine, butorphanol, and buprenorphine, flunixin meglumine… …substance.7,31 Flunixin meglumine (trade name Banamine), is a NSAID that is most often… …characterize the analgesic properties of flunixin meglumine administered to Xenopus frogs at… …further characterize flunixin meglumine analgesia. Each frog underwent a single anesthetic event…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Smith, B. (2018). Comparison of Etomidate, Benzocaine, and MS222 Anesthesia with and without Subsequent Flunixin Meglumine Analgesia in African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus Laevis). (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174300

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Smith, Briony. “Comparison of Etomidate, Benzocaine, and MS222 Anesthesia with and without Subsequent Flunixin Meglumine Analgesia in African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus Laevis).” 2018. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed February 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174300.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Smith, Briony. “Comparison of Etomidate, Benzocaine, and MS222 Anesthesia with and without Subsequent Flunixin Meglumine Analgesia in African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus Laevis).” 2018. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Smith B. Comparison of Etomidate, Benzocaine, and MS222 Anesthesia with and without Subsequent Flunixin Meglumine Analgesia in African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus Laevis). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2018. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174300.

Council of Science Editors:

Smith B. Comparison of Etomidate, Benzocaine, and MS222 Anesthesia with and without Subsequent Flunixin Meglumine Analgesia in African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus Laevis). [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174300

3. Bennett, Bradley Wayne. The effects of nutrition and reproductive strategies on performance of beef cattle grazing native shortgrass range in western Kansas.

Degree: MS, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, 2013, Kansas State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16294

► Cattle grazing dormant native range (< 7% crude protein; CP) require supplementation of additional protein to sustain body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS).… (more)

▼ Cattle grazing dormant native range (< 7% crude protein; CP) require supplementation of additional protein to sustain body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS). Daily delivery of these supplements is an economic burden to cattle producers faced with challenging economic circumstances. Supplementing cows infrequently (as little as once/week) has produced equivalent BW and BCS changes compared to daily delivery. Dried distiller’s grains with solubles (DDGS) provides more ruminally-undegradable protein (RUP; 50-60%) compared to traditional oilseed-meal supplements (i.e. soybean meal) that are >50% ruminally-degradable protein (RDP). Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the effects of supplementation frequency on performance, reproductive success, eating behavior, and subsequent calf performance of spring-calving cows supplemented with DDGS. No differences in ending BW (P = 0.69) and BCS (P = 0.49), or changes in BW and BCS over the supplementation period (P = 0.82 and 0.70, respectively) were observed among cows supplemented every d, every 3 d, or every 6 d. Calf BW at birth, weaning weight (WW), and average daily gain (ADG) were similar among treatments (P = 0.19, 0.12, and 0.10, respectively). First-service conception rate (FSCR) and final pregnancy rate (PR) were also not affected by supplementation frequency (P = 0.62 and 0.76, respectively). The development of replacement heifers is a large expense for cow-calf producers. Improved breeding and heifer development strategies aimed at ensuring the success of replacement females have been developed but reproductive failure still remains a problem. The stress associated with breeding and handling procedures may decrease reproductive success. Therefore, the objective was to determine if intramuscular administration of flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg BW) 14 days post-breeding would improve FSCR and PR in non-transported replacement heifers. Under the conditions of our study, flunixin meglumine did not improve (P = 0.87) first service conception rate above that of control heifers (41.2% and 42.3%, respectively). Final pregnancy rate also was not different between treatments and averaged 81.8% (P = 0.40). Advisors/Committee Members: John Jaeger.

Subjects/Keywords: Supplementation frequency; Dried distiller's grains; Flunixin meglumine; Beef cows; Beef heifers; Animal Sciences (0475)

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Bennett, B. W. (2013). The effects of nutrition and reproductive strategies on performance of beef cattle grazing native shortgrass range in western Kansas. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16294

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bennett, Bradley Wayne. “The effects of nutrition and reproductive strategies on performance of beef cattle grazing native shortgrass range in western Kansas.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed February 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16294.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bennett, Bradley Wayne. “The effects of nutrition and reproductive strategies on performance of beef cattle grazing native shortgrass range in western Kansas.” 2013. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Bennett BW. The effects of nutrition and reproductive strategies on performance of beef cattle grazing native shortgrass range in western Kansas. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16294.

Council of Science Editors:

Bennett BW. The effects of nutrition and reproductive strategies on performance of beef cattle grazing native shortgrass range in western Kansas. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16294

University of Arizona

4. Shwartz, Gilad. Effects of Flunixin Meglumine on Pyrexia, Production, and Bioenergetic Variables in Postparturient Dairy Cows .

Degree: 2007, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193377

► During early lactation dairy cows often experience health disorders, which are usually associated with decreased production and reproduction variables. Following parturition, cows use more energy… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: flunixin meglumine; transition cow; pyrexia

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Shwartz, G. (2007). Effects of Flunixin Meglumine on Pyrexia, Production, and Bioenergetic Variables in Postparturient Dairy Cows . (Masters Thesis). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193377

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Shwartz, Gilad. “Effects of Flunixin Meglumine on Pyrexia, Production, and Bioenergetic Variables in Postparturient Dairy Cows .” 2007. Masters Thesis, University of Arizona. Accessed February 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193377.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Shwartz, Gilad. “Effects of Flunixin Meglumine on Pyrexia, Production, and Bioenergetic Variables in Postparturient Dairy Cows .” 2007. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Shwartz G. Effects of Flunixin Meglumine on Pyrexia, Production, and Bioenergetic Variables in Postparturient Dairy Cows . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arizona; 2007. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193377.

Council of Science Editors:

Shwartz G. Effects of Flunixin Meglumine on Pyrexia, Production, and Bioenergetic Variables in Postparturient Dairy Cows . [Masters Thesis]. University of Arizona; 2007. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193377

Brigham Young University

5. McNaughtan, Jared William. The Effect of Prostaglandin Inhibitor on Pregnancy Rates of Heifer Embryo Transfer Recipients.

Degree: MS, 2004, Brigham Young University

URL: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1236&context=etd

► Manipulation of the reproductive tract results in increased levels of prostaglandin, which may, in turn, reduce pregnancy rates in embryo recipients. Administration of a… (more)

▼ Manipulation of the reproductive tract results in increased levels of prostaglandin, which may, in turn, reduce pregnancy rates in embryo recipients. Administration of a prostaglandin inhibitor prior to embryo transfer improves pregnancy rates in cows. Embryo transfer into heifers is more difficult and often requires additional manipulation of the uterus. This study was designed to determine whether administration of the prostaglandin inhibitor, flunixin meglumine, immediately prior to embryo transfer increases pregnancy rates in heifers. Heifers (n=466) were divided into two equal groups based on BCS (range=6-7) and weight (range=256-455). Estrus was synchronized in heifers by giving two injections of prostaglandin F_2" (PGF) eleven days apart with a two day stagger between groups. Heifers in each group were watched for estrus for four days following the second PGF injection. Each heifer detected in estrus (n~389; 83%) was palpated seven days later for the presence and location of an acceptable corpus luteum; development of the reproductive tract (uterine tract score; 1=prepubertal, 5=mature tract) and amount of uterine tone (uterine tone score; l=high tone, 2=medium tone, 3=low tone) were also estimated. The 352 heifers that had an acceptable CL were paired based on day of detected estrus, body condition score, body weight, and uterine tone score. One heifer of each pair was randomly assigned to receive 10ml of flunixin meglumine (IM) just prior to embryo transfer. Time between injection until completion of embryo transfer ranged from 2-25 minutes. All heifers received a single frozen/thawed embryo transferred by one of two experienced technicians. Data collected at the time of transfer included cervix score (1-3; 1=easily penetrated, 3=difficult), ease of transfer score (1-3; l=gun easily manipulated to site of transfer, 3=difficult), embryo placement in the uterine horn (U=upper 1/3, M=middle 1/3, L=lower 1/3), and technician. Pregnancy results were obtained 90 days after transfer via rectal palpation. The logistics procedures and chi-square analysis of SAS were used for data analysis.

Subjects/Keywords: embryo transfer; prostaglandins; flunixin meglumine; cattle; Animal Sciences

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

McNaughtan, J. W. (2004). The Effect of Prostaglandin Inhibitor on Pregnancy Rates of Heifer Embryo Transfer Recipients. (Masters Thesis). Brigham Young University. Retrieved from https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1236&context=etd

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McNaughtan, Jared William. “The Effect of Prostaglandin Inhibitor on Pregnancy Rates of Heifer Embryo Transfer Recipients.” 2004. Masters Thesis, Brigham Young University. Accessed February 25, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1236&context=etd.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McNaughtan, Jared William. “The Effect of Prostaglandin Inhibitor on Pregnancy Rates of Heifer Embryo Transfer Recipients.” 2004. Web. 25 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

McNaughtan JW. The Effect of Prostaglandin Inhibitor on Pregnancy Rates of Heifer Embryo Transfer Recipients. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Brigham Young University; 2004. [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1236&context=etd.

Council of Science Editors:

McNaughtan JW. The Effect of Prostaglandin Inhibitor on Pregnancy Rates of Heifer Embryo Transfer Recipients. [Masters Thesis]. Brigham Young University; 2004. Available from: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1236&context=etd

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