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University of Saskatchewan
1.
Tollett, Christina Maria 1991-.
GENOMIC DIVERSITY AND ORIGINS OF THE FERAL HORSES (Equus ferus caballus) OF SABLE ISLAND AND THE ALBERTA FOOTHILLS.
Degree: 2018, University of Saskatchewan
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/11469 
► The genetic structure of domestic horse populations has been studied extensively using microsatellite markers; however, this study is the first to use genomics to assess…
(more)
▼ The genetic structure of domestic horse populations has been studied extensively using microsatellite markers; however, this study is the first to use genomics to assess the genetic diversity levels, uniqueness, and ancestral relationships of the Sable Island and Alberta
feral horse populations. Here, I use a genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism SNP-based approach to describe the structure and relatedness of the Sable Island, Nova Scotia and Alberta Foothills
feral horse populations of Canada. Investigating the genomic diversity of these populations can provide researchers with important information for the conservation of genetics and improve the understanding of microevolution in natural populations. I characterized broad patterns of genetic diversity in the
feral horse populations of Sable Island and the Alberta foothills using the Illumina GGP 65K SNP array, and assessed their relationships with domestic breeds to gain insight into each population’s respective origin. My analyses indicate that Sable Island is the most diverged and inbred of the two populations and relative to other horse breeds and populations, being greatly distinguished from even its closest relatives, the Mongolian horse and breeds of Nordic origin. In contrast, the Alberta Foothills population appears to be the product of extensive admixture with a strong relationship to draft breeds. Higher than anticipated inbreeding levels in Alberta further suggests the presence of breeding groups across the landscape. My study presents important information regarding the origin and genetic diversity
feral horse populations in Canada, and will assist with future conservation and management of these populations.
Advisors/Committee Members: McLoughlin, Philip D, Poissant, Jocelyn, Chilton, Neil, Jenkins, Emily.
Subjects/Keywords: Population genetics; feral horses
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APA (6th Edition):
Tollett, C. M. 1. (2018). GENOMIC DIVERSITY AND ORIGINS OF THE FERAL HORSES (Equus ferus caballus) OF SABLE ISLAND AND THE ALBERTA FOOTHILLS. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/11469
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Tollett, Christina Maria 1991-. “GENOMIC DIVERSITY AND ORIGINS OF THE FERAL HORSES (Equus ferus caballus) OF SABLE ISLAND AND THE ALBERTA FOOTHILLS.” 2018. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10388/11469.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Tollett, Christina Maria 1991-. “GENOMIC DIVERSITY AND ORIGINS OF THE FERAL HORSES (Equus ferus caballus) OF SABLE ISLAND AND THE ALBERTA FOOTHILLS.” 2018. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Tollett CM1. GENOMIC DIVERSITY AND ORIGINS OF THE FERAL HORSES (Equus ferus caballus) OF SABLE ISLAND AND THE ALBERTA FOOTHILLS. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/11469.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Tollett CM1. GENOMIC DIVERSITY AND ORIGINS OF THE FERAL HORSES (Equus ferus caballus) OF SABLE ISLAND AND THE ALBERTA FOOTHILLS. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/11469
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Saskatchewan
2.
Tollett, Christina Maria 1991-.
GENOMIC DIVERSITY AND ORIGINS OF THE FERAL HORSES (Equus ferus caballus) OF SABLE ISLAND AND THE ALBERTA FOOTHILLS.
Degree: 2018, University of Saskatchewan
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/11470
► The genetic structure of domestic horse populations has been studied extensively using microsatellite markers; however, this study is the first to use genomics to assess…
(more)
▼ The genetic structure of domestic horse populations has been studied extensively using microsatellite markers; however, this study is the first to use genomics to assess the genetic diversity levels, uniqueness, and ancestral relationships of the Sable Island and Alberta
feral horse populations. Here, I use a genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism SNP-based approach to describe the structure and relatedness of the Sable Island, Nova Scotia and Alberta Foothills
feral horse populations of Canada. Investigating the genomic diversity of these populations can provide researchers with important information for the conservation of genetics and improve the understanding of microevolution in natural populations. I characterized broad patterns of genetic diversity in the
feral horse populations of Sable Island and the Alberta foothills using the Illumina GGP 65K SNP array, and assessed their relationships with domestic breeds to gain insight into each population’s respective origin. My analyses indicate that Sable Island is the most diverged and inbred of the two populations and relative to other horse breeds and populations, being greatly distinguished from even its closest relatives, the Mongolian horse and breeds of Nordic origin. In contrast, the Alberta Foothills population appears to be the product of extensive admixture with a strong relationship to draft breeds. Higher than anticipated inbreeding levels in Alberta further suggests the presence of breeding groups across the landscape. My study presents important information regarding the origin and genetic diversity
feral horse populations in Canada, and will assist with future conservation and management of these populations.
Advisors/Committee Members: McLoughlin, Philip D, Poissant, Jocelyn, Chilton, Neil, Jenkins, Emily.
Subjects/Keywords: Population genetics; feral horses
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APA (6th Edition):
Tollett, C. M. 1. (2018). GENOMIC DIVERSITY AND ORIGINS OF THE FERAL HORSES (Equus ferus caballus) OF SABLE ISLAND AND THE ALBERTA FOOTHILLS. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/11470
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Tollett, Christina Maria 1991-. “GENOMIC DIVERSITY AND ORIGINS OF THE FERAL HORSES (Equus ferus caballus) OF SABLE ISLAND AND THE ALBERTA FOOTHILLS.” 2018. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10388/11470.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Tollett, Christina Maria 1991-. “GENOMIC DIVERSITY AND ORIGINS OF THE FERAL HORSES (Equus ferus caballus) OF SABLE ISLAND AND THE ALBERTA FOOTHILLS.” 2018. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Tollett CM1. GENOMIC DIVERSITY AND ORIGINS OF THE FERAL HORSES (Equus ferus caballus) OF SABLE ISLAND AND THE ALBERTA FOOTHILLS. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/11470.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Tollett CM1. GENOMIC DIVERSITY AND ORIGINS OF THE FERAL HORSES (Equus ferus caballus) OF SABLE ISLAND AND THE ALBERTA FOOTHILLS. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/11470
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Newcastle
3.
Hall, Sally Elizabeth.
Towards non-surgical sterilisation of feral horses: biomarkers of folliculogenesis and covalent modification of proteins using electrophilic aldehydes.
Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Newcastle
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1347466
► Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Feral horses currently require immediate population control in certain areas of Australia, and are a pest species across…
(more)
▼ Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Feral horses currently require immediate population control in certain areas of Australia, and are a pest species across many regions of the world. Fertility control is considered the most suitable management strategy for control; however, agents currently available are largely non-sustainable for free-ranging feral horses. This is due to the difficulties associated with application of a fertility control agent, the ability to then identify animals which have been treated, and finally, the timely readministration of boosters. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop a fertility control agent for feral horses that is easy to administer and will persist for the lifetime of the animal. While extensive research in the development of a non-surgical sterilisation method has been conducted in mouse models, little has been done in horses, creating a need for research to be undertaken investigating horse gamete biology. In this thesis, a fertility control agent for feral horse management was investigated from both a female and male perspective. Initial recruitment at the beginning of folliculogenesis, responsible for the activation of primordial follicles within the ovary, is considered the fundamental phase that determines the reproductive potential of a female. There is an abundance of evidence to indicate that if recruitment from the primordial follicle population is suppressed or if the primordial follicle population is depleted then a state of infertility is induced. Recent work has shown that interruption of normal follicular processes via irregularities in signalling pathways such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) can have irrevocable consequences, resulting in infertility. Consequently, investigation into mare ovarian anatomy and follicular signalling processes was the primary approach taken to determine whether manipulation of these pathways could be used in the future development of a non-surgical sterilisation method. Messenger RNA expression of signalling molecules within two signalling pathways essential for initial recruitment in folliculogenesis, PI3K/AKT and janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), significantly increased between gestation and adulthood, coincident with sexual maturity. Protein localisation was also largely conserved which suggests that signalling pathway inhibitors can indeed be used as a means of manipulating the rate of primordial follicle activation as an approach to fertility control in this species. Next we explored the impact of exogenous electrophilic aldehydes on stallion spermatozoa, as interruption of the delicate protein profile that exists within the plasma membrane has been demonstrated to cause infertility, often due to defective sperm-egg recognition and fusion. A significant increase in mitochondrial and cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and a commensurate loss of motility resulted following exposure to acrolein (ACR) and 4-hydroxynonenal…
Advisors/Committee Members: University of Newcastle. Faculty of Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences.
Subjects/Keywords: antisperm antibodies; electrophilic aldehydes; feral horses; immunocontraceptive; primordial follicle activation
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APA (6th Edition):
Hall, S. E. (2017). Towards non-surgical sterilisation of feral horses: biomarkers of folliculogenesis and covalent modification of proteins using electrophilic aldehydes. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Newcastle. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1347466
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hall, Sally Elizabeth. “Towards non-surgical sterilisation of feral horses: biomarkers of folliculogenesis and covalent modification of proteins using electrophilic aldehydes.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Newcastle. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1347466.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hall, Sally Elizabeth. “Towards non-surgical sterilisation of feral horses: biomarkers of folliculogenesis and covalent modification of proteins using electrophilic aldehydes.” 2017. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Hall SE. Towards non-surgical sterilisation of feral horses: biomarkers of folliculogenesis and covalent modification of proteins using electrophilic aldehydes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Newcastle; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1347466.
Council of Science Editors:
Hall SE. Towards non-surgical sterilisation of feral horses: biomarkers of folliculogenesis and covalent modification of proteins using electrophilic aldehydes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Newcastle; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1347466
Brigham Young University
4.
Nordquist, Megan Kathleen.
Stable Isotope Diet Reconstruction of Feral horses (Equus caballas) on the Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada, USA.
Degree: MS, 2011, Brigham Young University
URL: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4182&context=etd
► Feral horse management has become a subject of significant controversy in the United States. This is because of differing opinions and minimal recent empirical…
(more)
▼ Feral horse management has become a subject of significant controversy in the United States. This is because of differing opinions and minimal recent empirical data on feral horses. In recent years, numbers of feral horses have increased due to governmental horse removal restrictions (specifically the Wild Horse and Burro act of 1971). With increasing numbers of feral horses on rangelands, land managers are challenged with identifying the appropriate course of action for satisfying groups with differing opinions. The purpose of this study is to characterize diet consumption through the use of stable isotope dietary analysis (δ15N and δ13C). We did this in order to measure the impact of feral horse forage consumption on rangelands and to propose strategies for improving habitat management and conservation. We obtained tail hair isotopic values from tail hair removed while horses that were held in squeeze chutes following a roundup. Resulting isotopic values were compared to plant isotopic values using plant samples obtained from the geographical areas as the horses in order to characterize diet. Contribution of the various plant species to the tail hair mixture values was determined using the EPA program IsoSource©. Initial analysis of tail hair isotopes demonstrated seasonal variation. During summer months, shrubs (mostly Artemesia spp, and Purshia Tridentate), Elymus elymoides, Juncus balticus, and Festuca idahoensis were the predominantly consumed vegetative species. During fall months, Leymus cinereus and Juncus balticus played a more significant role in feral horse diet. In the winter, shrubs were more heavily consumed along with Poa secunda. Springtime showed a shift towards forb consumption. Changes in seasonal consumption of forages are most likely linked to forage availability as well as equine preference. We analyzed plant metrics (specifically biomass, abundance, and cover) to compare a site with horses present to a site where horses had been removed the previous year and found relatively few differences between the two sites. With nearly all differences we found higher plant production (forage availability) on the site where horses were still present. In riparian areas however, there was more vegetation (specifically Carex rossii, Juncus balticus, and Poa secunda) on the site where horses had been removed. Within riparian areas, only Bromus tectorum (a plant not typically found in riparian areas but characteristic of degraded areas) showed significantly greater amounts of biomass on the site with horses present. Knowledge of plant species consumption will allow land managers greater ability to make scientifically based decisions regarding feral horse population control which is important in determining appropriate management levels of populations.
Subjects/Keywords: feral horses; stable isotopes; diet; forage selection; forage availability; IsoSource; Animal Sciences
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APA (6th Edition):
Nordquist, M. K. (2011). Stable Isotope Diet Reconstruction of Feral horses (Equus caballas) on the Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada, USA. (Masters Thesis). Brigham Young University. Retrieved from https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4182&context=etd
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nordquist, Megan Kathleen. “Stable Isotope Diet Reconstruction of Feral horses (Equus caballas) on the Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada, USA.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Brigham Young University. Accessed April 15, 2021.
https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4182&context=etd.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nordquist, Megan Kathleen. “Stable Isotope Diet Reconstruction of Feral horses (Equus caballas) on the Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada, USA.” 2011. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Nordquist MK. Stable Isotope Diet Reconstruction of Feral horses (Equus caballas) on the Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada, USA. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Brigham Young University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4182&context=etd.
Council of Science Editors:
Nordquist MK. Stable Isotope Diet Reconstruction of Feral horses (Equus caballas) on the Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada, USA. [Masters Thesis]. Brigham Young University; 2011. Available from: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4182&context=etd
Brigham Young University
5.
Gooch, Amy Marie.
The Impacts of Feral Horses on the Use of Water by Pronghorn on the Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada.
Degree: MS, 2014, Brigham Young University
URL: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5350&context=etd
► Feral horses occupy 31.6 million acres throughout western North America. Feral horses share similar habitats with a wide range of animal species, including pronghorn. Since…
(more)
▼ Feral horses occupy 31.6 million acres throughout western North America. Feral horses share similar habitats with a wide range of animal species, including pronghorn. Since horses are larger and often more aggressive than other animals of this region, they are generally socially dominant over all other native ungulate species. Pronghorn share water sources with horses in areas where both occur. In situations where horses exclude pronghorn from water, pronghorn fitness may be impaired, especially during the hottest months of the year when water is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate interference competition between pronghorn and feral horses at water sources. During spring and summer 2010-11, we placed motion-sensitive cameras at water sources across the Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge in northwest Nevada. Cameras were used to examine the overlap of water use by pronghorn and horses and to determine the occurrence of spatial or temporal partitioning of water between these species. Additionally, we made direct observations of horses and pronghorn at high-use water sources to record the occurrences and outcomes of pronghorn/horse interactions as well as differences in pronghorn behavior in the presence and absence of horses. Pronghorn spent more time on vigilance behavior and less time foraging or drinking in the presence of horses than in their absence. Nearly half of pronghorn/horse interactions at water resulted in pronghorn exclusion from water. Our data also suggest that temporal partitioning of water between horses and pronghorn on an hourly basis may be occurring.
Subjects/Keywords: Antilocapra americana; Equus caballus; feral horses; interference competition; pronghorn; Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge; Animal Sciences
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APA (6th Edition):
Gooch, A. M. (2014). The Impacts of Feral Horses on the Use of Water by Pronghorn on the Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada. (Masters Thesis). Brigham Young University. Retrieved from https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5350&context=etd
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gooch, Amy Marie. “The Impacts of Feral Horses on the Use of Water by Pronghorn on the Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Brigham Young University. Accessed April 15, 2021.
https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5350&context=etd.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gooch, Amy Marie. “The Impacts of Feral Horses on the Use of Water by Pronghorn on the Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada.” 2014. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Gooch AM. The Impacts of Feral Horses on the Use of Water by Pronghorn on the Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Brigham Young University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5350&context=etd.
Council of Science Editors:
Gooch AM. The Impacts of Feral Horses on the Use of Water by Pronghorn on the Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada. [Masters Thesis]. Brigham Young University; 2014. Available from: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5350&context=etd
University of Alberta
6.
Bevan, Tisa L.
Habitat Selection by Feral Horses in the Alberta
Foothills.
Degree: MS, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional
Science, 2012, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/0c483j56z
► Populations of feral horses have been increasing in the Alberta foothills and pose a concern to the conservation of native grasslands. Sustainable management of feral…
(more)
▼ Populations of feral horses have been increasing in
the Alberta foothills and pose a concern to the conservation of
native grasslands. Sustainable management of feral horses requires
information on their habitat use. I utilized spatial data from
radio-collared mares to assess seasonal habitat selection for two
years beginning November of 2008. Field data were gathered to
compare localized habitat use by feral horses, cattle and wild
ungulates during summer. Grasslands were consistently selected
while conifer forests avoided. Cutblocks were selected only in
winter. Feral horse use of vegetation increased within open
habitats and decreased with increased human disturbance (i.e.
roads, trails and cutlines). Based on pellet surveys, horses use
increased with disturbance, was positively related with cattle use,
and more likely to occur in open habitat, but decreased with
increasingly rugged terrain and greater wild ungulate use.
Information provided by this study may necessitate changes to
regional range management plans.
Subjects/Keywords: Resource Selection; Akaiki Information Criteria (AIC); Habitat Selection; Resource Selection Probability Functions; Feral Horses; Resource Selection Functions
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Bevan, T. L. (2012). Habitat Selection by Feral Horses in the Alberta
Foothills. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/0c483j56z
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bevan, Tisa L. “Habitat Selection by Feral Horses in the Alberta
Foothills.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed April 15, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/0c483j56z.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bevan, Tisa L. “Habitat Selection by Feral Horses in the Alberta
Foothills.” 2012. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Bevan TL. Habitat Selection by Feral Horses in the Alberta
Foothills. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/0c483j56z.
Council of Science Editors:
Bevan TL. Habitat Selection by Feral Horses in the Alberta
Foothills. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2012. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/0c483j56z
7.
Baur, Lauren.
Effects of feral horse herds on plant communities across a precipitation gradient.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Ecology, 2016, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/178871
► Feral horse herds in the western United States are managed with the goal of maintaining "a thriving natural ecological balance" with their environment. Because rangeland…
(more)
▼ Feral horse herds in the western United States are managed with the goal of maintaining "a thriving natural ecological balance" with their environment. Because rangeland ecology is complex and grazers such as
horses can have different effects under different environmental conditions, more data are needed to better inform Appropriate Management Levels and other management decisions. We used long-term grazing exclosures and fenceline contrasts to evaluate the impacts of
feral horses on plant communities at five sites across the western United States. These sites ranged from 229 to 413 mm mean annual precipitation and represented four different ecosystems (Great Basin desert, Colorado Plateau, Rocky Mountain grassland and mixed grass prairie). We found that
feral horses significantly reduced grass biomass and total biomass at alpha=0.1, but did not have a significant effect on plant community composition, species richness, diversity, evenness, or dominance. The effects of
horses did not vary by site, indicating that different precipitation levels are not driving differences in grazing effects within the range encompassed by our sites. In other words, our results imply that while
feral horses do reduce plant biomass, they are not causing plant community shifts, and their effects may not be as site-specific as has been assumed. Additional multi-site studies, preferably with standardized exclosures and larger sample sizes, would increase our understanding of
feral horse grazing effects.
Advisors/Committee Members: Smith, Melinda D. (advisor), Schoenecker, Kathryn A. (committee member), Meiman, Paul (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: feral horses; plant community; exclosure; precipitation; grazing
…the geographic area where feral horses are found in the western
US. These sites cover a… …sites which had preexisting exclosures or fencelines
separating areas grazed by feral horses… …from areas not grazed by feral horses (Figure 1). Length of
treatment ranged from… …Institute Inc., Cary, NC,
USA). Factors were site and grazing (i.e., feral horses… …significant effect of grazing by feral horses on any of several aspects of
plant community structure…
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Baur, L. (2016). Effects of feral horse herds on plant communities across a precipitation gradient. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/178871
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Baur, Lauren. “Effects of feral horse herds on plant communities across a precipitation gradient.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/178871.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Baur, Lauren. “Effects of feral horse herds on plant communities across a precipitation gradient.” 2016. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Baur L. Effects of feral horse herds on plant communities across a precipitation gradient. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/178871.
Council of Science Editors:
Baur L. Effects of feral horse herds on plant communities across a precipitation gradient. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/178871
University of Alberta
8.
Salter, Richard Edward.
Ecology of feral horses in western Alberta.
Degree: MS, 1978, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/0g354h28f
Subjects/Keywords: Feral animals – Alberta.; Wild horses – Alberta – Management.; Wild horses – Ecology – Alberta.; Feral mammals – Alberta.
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APA (6th Edition):
Salter, R. E. (1978). Ecology of feral horses in western Alberta. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/0g354h28f
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Salter, Richard Edward. “Ecology of feral horses in western Alberta.” 1978. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed April 15, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/0g354h28f.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Salter, Richard Edward. “Ecology of feral horses in western Alberta.” 1978. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Salter RE. Ecology of feral horses in western Alberta. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 1978. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/0g354h28f.
Council of Science Editors:
Salter RE. Ecology of feral horses in western Alberta. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 1978. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/0g354h28f
Massey University
9.
Halkett, Rebecca Jane.
A genetic analysis of the Kaimanawa horses and comparisons with other equine types.
Degree: MS, Genetics, 1996, Massey University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/6414
► Recorded sightings of feral horses in the Kaimanawa ranges and the surrounding area date back to 1876. Since then, the Kaimanawa horse herd has received…
(more)
▼ Recorded sightings of feral horses in the Kaimanawa ranges and the surrounding area date back to 1876. Since then, the Kaimanawa horse herd has received many different influxes and during the mid-1900s it's population size increased to the thousands. However, two decades ago the herd went through a substantial reduction in size, numbering only 179 individuals. Hence they were granted legal protection within a defined geographic area. This protection served its' purpose more than adequately, for by January 1994 the population size had increased 10-fold to c.1700. Concurrently, the horse population appeared to be trampling and grazing native endangered flora. Therefore, it has been proposed that some form of population management be enforced on the feral herd. This has evoked opposition in the form of emperically unsubstantiated claims that the Kaimanawa feral horses "may constitute a unique gene pool." (Wright, 1989) This research was executed so as to determine the genetic distance of the Kaimanawa horses from other, more populous equine breeds in New Zealand. Blood samples were taken from four hundred and eight Kaimanawa horses, and their blood types for the inherited variants of sixteen polymorphic red blood cell and plasma proteins (Al, PGD, PHI, Gc, Tf, α-1 β, Pi, Es, Hb, A, C, D, K, P, Q and U) were determined. From these blood types, the frequency of each of the ninety four alleles within the aforementioned genetic systems was calculated. These frequencies within the Kaimanawa horse sample were then compared with those of Thoroughbred, Arabian, Standardbred, Station Hack and Shire horses. This comparison took the form of genetic distances, calculated via both Roger's and Nei's genetic distance measures. Both models demonstrated the same trends; the genetic distance is smallest between Kaimanawa horses and Station Hacks (DR=0.211, DN=0.070), and greatest between Kaimanawa horses and Shires (DR=0.337, DN=0.413). These genetic distance values were then diagrammatically represented in phylogenetic trees. Aside from genetic distance calculations, a qualitative comparison between the Kaimanawa horses and the other equine types was conducted, based on whether each of the ninety four previously mentioned alleles are shared amongst each of the populations. It was found that all but nine alleles were shared with Thoroughbreds and Station Hacks, with the remaining alleles being found in other equine types existing in New Zealand. All of these analyses indicated that, a) the two equine types with the greatest amount of genetic similarity to the Kaimanawa horses are the Station Hacks and Thoroughbred horses; and b) every allele present in the Kaimanawa horses can be found in another of the equine types studied. Based on this evidence, the Kaimanawa horses should not be classified as genetically unique and their preservation can not be justified based on an argument of genetic insurance. However, it must be recognised that they have aesthetic and historical value to some New Zealanders.
Subjects/Keywords: Wild horses;
Feral horses;
Wild horses, New Zealand;
Kaimanawa horses;
Kaimanawa ranges, New Zealand;
Wild horse genetics
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APA (6th Edition):
Halkett, R. J. (1996). A genetic analysis of the Kaimanawa horses and comparisons with other equine types. (Masters Thesis). Massey University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10179/6414
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Halkett, Rebecca Jane. “A genetic analysis of the Kaimanawa horses and comparisons with other equine types.” 1996. Masters Thesis, Massey University. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10179/6414.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Halkett, Rebecca Jane. “A genetic analysis of the Kaimanawa horses and comparisons with other equine types.” 1996. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Halkett RJ. A genetic analysis of the Kaimanawa horses and comparisons with other equine types. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Massey University; 1996. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/6414.
Council of Science Editors:
Halkett RJ. A genetic analysis of the Kaimanawa horses and comparisons with other equine types. [Masters Thesis]. Massey University; 1996. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/6414
Massey University
10.
Franklin, Alison Joy.
Patterns of dispersion, behaviour and reproduction in feral horse (Equus caballus), and plant growth in Argo Valley, Waiouru.
Degree: MS, Ecology, 1995, Massey University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/6411
► Observations on feral horses (Equus caballus) in the Army Training Area at Waiouru from February 1993 to April 1994 showed that horses were not evenly…
(more)
▼ Observations on feral horses (Equus caballus) in the Army Training Area at Waiouru from February 1993 to April 1994 showed that horses were not evenly distributed throughout their range and the highest density of horses was in the Argo ecological zone. After a muster in June 1993 which cleared horses out of the Argo Valley, horses returned to the valley suggesting that this area constituted preferred habitat for the horses. Home ranges of bands varied in size between 23.2 and 883.0 ha. Horses associated in three types of social groupings. These included the single-male breeding group, the multi-male breeding group, and the bachelor band consisting entirely of males. Changes in membership occurred in bands. 95% of interactions between neighbouring bands were observed in summer. Band members groomed other members in 23% of observed interactions. 75% of interactions observed between mothers and their offspring were suckling bouts. 136 suckling bouts involved foals, and 8 involved yearlings. The average length of a bout was 49.0 seconds (sd=22.1). The average time elapsed between suckling bouts increased significantly as foals grew older (F=28.64, P=0.000). There was no significant difference between foals in the length of time any individual foal spent suckling. Mothers terminated 6.1 % of observed suckling bouts. Scan sampling indicated a lull in grazing approximately 4 hours after sunrise. Grazing resumed at approximately 10 hours after sunrise. Mating behaviour was observed in September and November. Post mortem data and blood oestrone level analysis for mustered mares indicated that between 72% and 81% of mares were pregnant. Foaling was observed between September and March. The foal-to-mare ratio was estimated to be 0.3 and 0.32 in two consecutive breeding seasons. Foal-to-mare ratios differed significantly between ecological zones. The yearling-to-mare ratio showed a 62% loss compared to the foal-to-mare ratio for the previous year. 59-60% of bands observed contained foals and no yearlings while 12-14% of bands contained yearlings and no foals, suggesting that not all mares are capable of producing a live foal every consecutive season. Some mares had both a foal and yearling present in their band suggesting an ability to breed successfully in consecutive seasons. A search for dead horses revealed 63 skeletons. Of skeletons that could be aged using dental characteristics, most were aged between 2 and 9 years. More dead males were found than females. Using census figures from previous years, the death rate was calculated by dividing 63 known deaths by 11130 estimated horse-years, giving a death rate of 0.006. Using exclosure cages, productivity in the Argo basin ranged between 2.98 and 1.54kgDM/ha/day in December 1993, February, April and July 1994. Introduced grasses dominated the sward. Using published biomass requirements for horses, I calculated the carrying capacity of the Argo valley. It ranged from 184 to 93 horses between October 1993 and July 1994. The number of horses observed in the Argo valley did not…
Subjects/Keywords: Wild horses;
Environmental protection;
Wild horses, New Zealand;
Feral horses;
Waiouru;
Equus caballus;
Argo valley, New Zealand;
Wild horse behaviour
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Franklin, A. J. (1995). Patterns of dispersion, behaviour and reproduction in feral horse (Equus caballus), and plant growth in Argo Valley, Waiouru. (Masters Thesis). Massey University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10179/6411
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Franklin, Alison Joy. “Patterns of dispersion, behaviour and reproduction in feral horse (Equus caballus), and plant growth in Argo Valley, Waiouru.” 1995. Masters Thesis, Massey University. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10179/6411.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Franklin, Alison Joy. “Patterns of dispersion, behaviour and reproduction in feral horse (Equus caballus), and plant growth in Argo Valley, Waiouru.” 1995. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Franklin AJ. Patterns of dispersion, behaviour and reproduction in feral horse (Equus caballus), and plant growth in Argo Valley, Waiouru. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Massey University; 1995. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/6411.
Council of Science Editors:
Franklin AJ. Patterns of dispersion, behaviour and reproduction in feral horse (Equus caballus), and plant growth in Argo Valley, Waiouru. [Masters Thesis]. Massey University; 1995. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/6411
University of Canberra
11.
Walter, Michelle.
The Population ecology of wild horses in the Australian Alps.
Degree: 2002, University of Canberra
URL: http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050412.151308
► In this thesis I examine the population ecology of wild horses (Equus caballus) in the
Australian Alps. Wild horses were first introduced into the Alps over…
(more)
▼ In this thesis I examine the population ecology of wild horses (Equus caballus) in the
Australian Alps. Wild horses were first introduced into the Alps over 150 years ago.
Paradoxically, they are a feral animal impacting on the environment, but are also a cultural
icon. Managing wild horse populations is contentious and needs to be founded on knowledge
of their population ecology. This is the first study of its kind in the Australian Alps and
therefore has a broad focus. Four general areas were addressed: distribution, estimation of
abundance and density, population dynamics and the influence of brumby-running. The study
was conducted between 1999 and 2002 inclusive in the Australian Alps national parks, which
form a contiguous protected area in south-eastern Australia from the Australian Capital
Territory (ACT) in the north, through New South Wales (NSW) and into Victoria in the
south.
The current distribution of wild horses in the Australian Alps national parks is patchy. There
are five major discrete populations in NSW and Victoria with the northern most population in
Kosciuszko National Park (NSW) bordering on the ACT. A review of published material and
oral history reveals historic influences on distribution. The presence of each population is
associated with introductions by people. The distribution of some populations expanded after
introductions and many have fluctuated over time. Distributions have been contained or
reduced through control by people, natural events such as snow and drought and by
geographical barriers. Park managers eliminated a population of wild horses in the ACT in
the 1980s. Distributions have expanded in areas without active management (notably
northern Kosciuszko National Park) and are likely to continue expanding under a policy of
no management.
In February and March 2001, abundance and density of wild horses were estimated by
helicopter aerial survey in areas where the mapping showed horses to occur. This was the
first time that these parameters have been estimated empirically. I compared three different
aerial survey techniques (strip, mark-recapture and line transect) based on relative accuracy
and precision and found that line transect analysis gave the highest, most precise estimate.
Given that aerial surveys usually underestimate abundance, this method was also likely to be
the most accurate. Mark-recapture over a 50m wide strip gave a similar result but lacked
precision. Strip and mark-recapture techniques performed poorly over 200m strips because
animals were missed. Numbers observed dropped off dramatically beyond the 50m strip.
Line transect analysis (for both observers combined) gave an estimate of 5010 (+/- 1408SE)
horses while mark recapture over 50 metres gave an estimate of 4915 (+/-2733SE). These
estimates correspond to a density of 1.8 horses km-2 over the area surveyed (2789km2). The
results suggest that aerial surveys of large…
Subjects/Keywords: wild horses; brumbies; Australian Alps; Equus caballus; feral animals; environmental impact; aerial survey
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APA (6th Edition):
Walter, M. (2002). The Population ecology of wild horses in the Australian Alps. (Thesis). University of Canberra. Retrieved from http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050412.151308
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Walter, Michelle. “The Population ecology of wild horses in the Australian Alps.” 2002. Thesis, University of Canberra. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050412.151308.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Walter, Michelle. “The Population ecology of wild horses in the Australian Alps.” 2002. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Walter M. The Population ecology of wild horses in the Australian Alps. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Canberra; 2002. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050412.151308.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Walter M. The Population ecology of wild horses in the Australian Alps. [Thesis]. University of Canberra; 2002. Available from: http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050412.151308
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
North Carolina State University
12.
Ingle, Margaret Christine.
The Development and Testing of a Procedure for Monitoring Visitor-Horse Interactions at Assateague Island National Seashore.
Degree: MS, Natural Resources, 2005, North Carolina State University
URL: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/1745
► Developing visitor impact indicators and associated monitoring techniques are critical first steps to sustain a balance between two national park mandates, protecting resources and providing…
(more)
▼ Developing visitor impact indicators and associated monitoring techniques are critical first steps to sustain a balance between two national park mandates, protecting resources and providing recreation opportunities. The first paper of this thesis provides a comprehensive and organized assessment of major techniques that have been developed for monitoring visitor impacts in coastal areas, with a special focus on sandy coasts and barrier islands. Four major types of monitoring techniques are identified: remote sensing, on-site assessment, behavior observation, and perception survey. Current trends in impact monitoring, including a global expansion of impact studies, integrated methodological approaches, and an increase in the application of technology, are discussed.
The second paper of this thesis describes the development of a procedure to monitor visitor-
feral horse interactions at Assateague Island National Seashore. The procedure uses behavior observation of visitors and wildlife and remote sensing with Global Positioning System units. The behavior observation portion adopts behavior sampling and one-zero recording based on the ethological literature. General categories of behaviors of both visitors and wildlife are recorded: neutral, attraction, avoidance, and aggression. For visitors, two additional behaviors, touching and feeding, are recorded because they are illegal behaviors and of special concern to park managers. The behavior observation portion was tested on undergraduate students for inter-observer reliability and accuracy using video surveys. Wildlife aggression was the highest in accuracy and inter-observer reliability, but did not occur on the video clips. Wildlife neutral, visitor touching, and visitor neutral were within the acceptable ranges for inter-observer reliability and accuracy. Visitor avoidance was outside of the acceptable range in both inter-observer reliability and accuracy. Implications for the implementation of the monitoring protocol include a thorough training session that includes video clips of behaviors to help observers better understand the behaviors and monitored practice observation sessions in the field.
Advisors/Committee Members: Yu-Fai Leung, Committee Chair (advisor), J. Douglas Wellman, Committee Member (advisor), George Hess, Committee Member (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: visitor-wildlife interactions; visitor impacts; behavior observation; sandy coasts; feral horses
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APA (6th Edition):
Ingle, M. C. (2005). The Development and Testing of a Procedure for Monitoring Visitor-Horse Interactions at Assateague Island National Seashore. (Thesis). North Carolina State University. Retrieved from http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/1745
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ingle, Margaret Christine. “The Development and Testing of a Procedure for Monitoring Visitor-Horse Interactions at Assateague Island National Seashore.” 2005. Thesis, North Carolina State University. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/1745.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ingle, Margaret Christine. “The Development and Testing of a Procedure for Monitoring Visitor-Horse Interactions at Assateague Island National Seashore.” 2005. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Ingle MC. The Development and Testing of a Procedure for Monitoring Visitor-Horse Interactions at Assateague Island National Seashore. [Internet] [Thesis]. North Carolina State University; 2005. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/1745.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Ingle MC. The Development and Testing of a Procedure for Monitoring Visitor-Horse Interactions at Assateague Island National Seashore. [Thesis]. North Carolina State University; 2005. Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/1745
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
North-West University
13.
Greyling, Telané.
Factors affecting possible management strategies for the Namib feral horses / Telané Greyling
.
Degree: 2005, North-West University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1244
► Demographic, biological and behavioural knowledge, together with information on the ecological interactions and impact of a species is fundamental to effective management of most mammal…
(more)
▼ Demographic, biological and behavioural knowledge, together with information on the
ecological interactions and impact of a species is fundamental to effective management of most mammal species. In this study, these aspects were investigated for a population of feral horses in the Namib Naukluft Park of Namibia, which lies within a part of the Namib Desert. An attempt was made to evaluate the justification of the continued existence of this exotic species in a conservation area, as well as to provide baseline information and recommendations regarding management of these horses. The study investigated the botanical component and grazing capacity of the area inhabited by the horses, as well as the demography and quality of life of the horses. The study further examined the possible negative impact the horses may have on the natural biodiversity of the area. Finally, it looked at the historic, scientific, aesthetic and economic values of the horses. The collected data was then used as a technical basis for the development of a draft management plan during a stakeholder workshop. The study proposed
a range of grazing capacity values related to the total rainfall of the preceding twelve months, based on grass production in response to rainfall in different plant communities. The horses, as well as the native large herbivores, utilized the study area according to the patchy rainfall patterns typically found in the Namib Desert. The population size of the horses fluctuated between 89 and 149 over a ten year period. The social structure of the population was more significantly influenced by artificial interference than natural disasters which had implications on natality, mortality and genetic viability. Termite activity, measured as utilization of grass provided in bait boxes, did not correlate with horse density and seems, instead, to be influenced by soil properties. The results of ant and tenebrionid beetle species composition surveys and analyses did not indicate a significant negative impact from the horses on the study area. No indication could be found that the horses threaten the survival of any native species in the area or that they change the vegetation structure. It appears as if the biodiversity of the area is subjected to large natural stresses due to the continued and frequent desiccation in the desert
environment. The impact of the horses is therefore probably minor to that of the climatic
stochasticity. It also became apparent that the horses have developed significant historical, scientific and tourism value. The general public opinion is that the horses should be managed as a wild population with minimal artificial interference.
Subjects/Keywords: Feral horses;
Namib Desert;
Grazing capacity;
Democracy;
Biodiversity;
Indicators;
Termites;
Tenebrionidae;
Ants
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APA (6th Edition):
Greyling, T. (2005). Factors affecting possible management strategies for the Namib feral horses / Telané Greyling
. (Thesis). North-West University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1244
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Greyling, Telané. “Factors affecting possible management strategies for the Namib feral horses / Telané Greyling
.” 2005. Thesis, North-West University. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1244.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Greyling, Telané. “Factors affecting possible management strategies for the Namib feral horses / Telané Greyling
.” 2005. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Greyling T. Factors affecting possible management strategies for the Namib feral horses / Telané Greyling
. [Internet] [Thesis]. North-West University; 2005. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1244.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Greyling T. Factors affecting possible management strategies for the Namib feral horses / Telané Greyling
. [Thesis]. North-West University; 2005. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1244
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Colorado State University
14.
Ransom, Jason Ian.
Understanding the influences of immunocontraception of equids through competing models of behavior.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Ecology, 2009, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/21454
► The rapid increase in human populations over the last several decades has lead to shrinking habitats and limited resources for many large vertebrates around the…
(more)
▼ The rapid increase in human populations over the last several decades has lead to shrinking habitats and limited resources for many large vertebrates around the world. In response, managers seek effective tools for limiting population growth in some species, yet little is known about impacts of fertility control on the behavioral ecology of wild, free-roaming animals.
Feral horses (Equus caballus) in the western United States are ideal candidates for contraceptive management due to broad scale federal protection, high fecundity, and finite public land allocated for them. The complex mating system of
feral horses relies on behavioral manipulation of females by a polygynous male and a balance between reproductive and maintenance behaviors to promote fitness gains. I investigated influences of the immunocontraceptive porcine zona pellucida (PZP) on individual and social behavior within bands of
feral horses in three discrete populations.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hobbs, N. Thompson (advisor), Andelt, William F. (William Frank) (committee member), MacLeay, Jennifer M. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: reproductive behaviors; feral horses; immunocontraceptive porcine zona pellucida; PZP; spatial relationships; Contraception, Immunological; Wild horses – West (U.S.); Equus caballus
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APA (6th Edition):
Ransom, J. I. (2009). Understanding the influences of immunocontraception of equids through competing models of behavior. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/21454
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ransom, Jason Ian. “Understanding the influences of immunocontraception of equids through competing models of behavior.” 2009. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/21454.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ransom, Jason Ian. “Understanding the influences of immunocontraception of equids through competing models of behavior.” 2009. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Ransom JI. Understanding the influences of immunocontraception of equids through competing models of behavior. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2009. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/21454.
Council of Science Editors:
Ransom JI. Understanding the influences of immunocontraception of equids through competing models of behavior. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/21454
. 
Open Access Theses and Dissertations
