subject:(extratropical)

1. Pingree-Shippee, Katherine. Seasonal predictability of North American coastal extratropical storm activity during the cold months.

Degree: Department of Geography, 2018, University of Victoria

URL: https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9324

► Extratropical cyclones (ETCs) are major features of the weather in the mid- and high-latitudes and are often associated with hazardous conditions such as heavy precipitation,… (more)

▼ Extratropical cyclones (ETCs) are major features of the weather in the mid- and high-latitudes and are often associated with hazardous conditions such as heavy precipitation, high winds, blizzard conditions, and flooding. Additionally, severe coastal damage and major local impacts, including inundation and erosion, can result from high waves and storm surge due to cyclone interaction with the ocean. Consequently, ETCs can have serious detrimental socio-economic impacts. The west and east coasts of North America are strongly influenced by ETC storm activity. These coastal regions are also host to many land-based, coastal, and maritime socio-economic sectors, all of which can experience strong adverse impacts from extratropical storm activity. Society would therefore benefit if variations in ETC storm activity could be predicted skilfully for the upcoming season. Skilful prediction would enable affected sectors to better anticipate, prepare for, manage, and respond to variations in storm activity and the associated risks. The overall objective of this dissertation is to determine the seasonal predictability of North American coastal extratropical storm activity during the cold months (3-month rolling seasons – OND, NDJ, DJF, JFM – during which storm activity is most frequent and intense) using Environment and Climate Change Canada’s Canadian Seasonal to Interannual Prediction System (CanSIPS). This dissertation describes research focused on three themes: 1.) reanalysis representation of North American coastal storm activity, 2.) potential predictability of storm activity and climate signal-storm activity relationships for the North American coastal regions, and 3.) seasonal prediction of storm activity in CanSIPS. Research Theme 1 evaluates six global reanalysis datasets to determine which best reproduces observed storm activity in the North American coastal regions, annually and seasonally, during the 1979-2010 time period using single-station surface pressure-based proxies; ERA-Interim is found to perform best overall. Research Theme 2, using ERA-Interim, investigates the potential predictability of extratropical storm activity (represented by mean sea level pressure [MSLP], absolute pressure tendency, and 10-m wind speed) during the 1979-2015 time period using analysis of variance. The detected potential predictability provides observation-based evidence showing that it may be possible to predict storm activity on the seasonal timescale. Additionally, using composite analysis, the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and North Atlantic Oscillation are identified as possible sources of predictability in the North American coastal regions. Research Theme 2 provides a basis upon which seasonal forecasting of extratropical storm activity can be developed. Research Theme 3 investigates the seasonal prediction of North American coastal storm activity using the CanSIPS multi-model ensemble mean hindcasts (1981-2010). Quantitative deterministic, categorical deterministic, and categorical… Advisors/Committee Members: Atkinson, David (supervisor), Zwiers, Francis W. (supervisor).

Subjects/Keywords: seasonal prediction; extratropical storm activity; extratropical cyclones; reanalysis

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pingree-Shippee, K. (2018). Seasonal predictability of North American coastal extratropical storm activity during the cold months. (Thesis). University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9324

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pingree-Shippee, Katherine. “Seasonal predictability of North American coastal extratropical storm activity during the cold months.” 2018. Thesis, University of Victoria. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9324.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pingree-Shippee, Katherine. “Seasonal predictability of North American coastal extratropical storm activity during the cold months.” 2018. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Pingree-Shippee K. Seasonal predictability of North American coastal extratropical storm activity during the cold months. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Victoria; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9324.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Pingree-Shippee K. Seasonal predictability of North American coastal extratropical storm activity during the cold months. [Thesis]. University of Victoria; 2018. Available from: https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9324

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee

2. Uhlmann, Timm. Inter-Decadal Shifts in Intense Extratropical Cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere.

Degree: MS, Mathematics, 2016, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee

URL: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/1216

► Cyclones, both tropical and extratropical, have a large socioeconomic impact during any given year. Understanding the formation and evolution of these cyclones in the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Basins; Cyclones; Extratropical; Intense; Ocean; Atmospheric Sciences

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APA (6^th Edition):

Uhlmann, T. (2016). Inter-Decadal Shifts in Intense Extratropical Cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere. (Thesis). University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee. Retrieved from https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/1216

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Uhlmann, Timm. “Inter-Decadal Shifts in Intense Extratropical Cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere.” 2016. Thesis, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/1216.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Uhlmann, Timm. “Inter-Decadal Shifts in Intense Extratropical Cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere.” 2016. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Uhlmann T. Inter-Decadal Shifts in Intense Extratropical Cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/1216.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Uhlmann T. Inter-Decadal Shifts in Intense Extratropical Cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere. [Thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee; 2016. Available from: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/1216

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Georgia Tech

3. Lu, Yi. Dynamical footprints of aerosols in extratropical atmospheric disturbances and circulation: A modeling analysis.

Degree: PhD, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 2017, Georgia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/60651

► Synoptic-scale atmospheric disturbances occupy extratropics in wintertime and form extratropical “storm tracks”. These disturbances not only influence day-to-day weather variability but also modulate regional climates.… (more)

▼ Synoptic-scale atmospheric disturbances occupy extratropics in wintertime and form extratropical “storm tracks”. These disturbances not only influence day-to-day weather variability but also modulate regional climates. The region of the North Pacific storm track is also known to be characterized by high concentrations of atmospheric aerosols, making it an ideal location for investigating the interaction between aerosols and extratropical disturbances. In the first part of the study, we investigate the aerosol indirect effects on the development of idealized baroclinic waves in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Doubling of cloud droplet number concentration (to mimic the aerosol indirect effects) in the model increases total cloud water in the model, enhances local latent heating and leads to a statistically significant strengthening of the wave. To take into account the effects of aerosol-convection interaction that had been omitted in the WRF experiments, the Superparameterized Community Atmosphere Model (SP-CAM) is adopted to examine the aerosol effects on developing extratropical cyclones in a more realistic environment. The result suggests that the growth rate of the cyclone is temporarily reduced with increased environmental aerosol concentrations. A convection–advection–moisture self-adjustment (CAMS) mechanism of aerosol–cyclone interaction is proposed to explain this finding. The last part of the study explores the collective effects of aerosols on multiple aspects of the northern extratropical circulation in boreal winter based on long-term perpetual winter simulations conducted with the SP-CAM. Analyses of local energetics of atmospheric disturbances reveal the underlying processes that lead to the strengthened activity of high-frequency (less than 10 days) disturbances and weakened activity of low-frequency (10 to 30 days) disturbances with an elevated level of aerosol emission. Also discussed are the implications of these findings for the short-term prediction of weather and long-term projection of climate change in the northern extratropics. Advisors/Committee Members: Deng, Yi (advisor), Black, Robert X. (committee member), Wang, Yuhang (committee member), Di Lorenzo, Emanuele (committee member), Wang, Jingfeng (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Extratropical cyclone; Aerosol effects; Storm track

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lu, Y. (2017). Dynamical footprints of aerosols in extratropical atmospheric disturbances and circulation: A modeling analysis. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/60651

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lu, Yi. “Dynamical footprints of aerosols in extratropical atmospheric disturbances and circulation: A modeling analysis.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/60651.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lu, Yi. “Dynamical footprints of aerosols in extratropical atmospheric disturbances and circulation: A modeling analysis.” 2017. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Lu Y. Dynamical footprints of aerosols in extratropical atmospheric disturbances and circulation: A modeling analysis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/60651.

Council of Science Editors:

Lu Y. Dynamical footprints of aerosols in extratropical atmospheric disturbances and circulation: A modeling analysis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/60651

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

4. Zhang, Gan. Extratropical impacts on Atlantic tropical cyclone activity: Rossby wave breaking and remote controls.

Degree: PhD, Atmospheric Sciences, 2018, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101114

► This dissertation study tests the hypothesis that the variability of the extratropical atmosphere affects Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) activity and explores the underlying physical processes.… (more)

▼ This dissertation study tests the hypothesis that the variability of the extratropical atmosphere affects Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) activity and explores the underlying physical processes. Guided by physical understanding, the study differs from earlier investigations of the extratropical impact by taking a process-based approach and focusing on Rossby wave breaking (RWB), which occurs often when extratropical Rossby waves propagate to the low-latitudes. Part I of the study shows that RWB modulates the tropical environment and Atlantic TC activity. RWB events can drive equatorward intrusions of extratropical air and increase the vertical wind shear in the tropics. Those environmental perturbations tend to inhibit TC development. On the seasonal scale, the occurrences of RWB and Atlantic TC activity are negatively correlated. The correlation is exceptionally strong and suggests that the extratropical control of Atlantic TC activity is comparable to the extensively studied tropical control. Especially, the occurrences of RWB show the strongest interannual variance over the subtropical northwestern Atlantic, and those RWB events also have a stronger impact on Atlantic TC activity. Part II of the study investigates the life cycle of the Rossby waves that break over the subtropical northwestern Atlantic. Composite analyses show that the breaking waves are associated with wave trains that propagate from the North Pacific and amplify near the east coast of North America. RWB is facilitated by a rapid amplification of upper-level ridge anomalies, which occurs over a warm and moist airstream. A budget analysis of potential vorticity (PV) suggests that the horizontal advection of PV by the perturbed flow dictates the movement and the later decay of the ridge anomalies. The ridge amplification, opposed by the horizontal advection of PV, is driven by the vertical advection and the diabatic production of PV, both of which can be connected to diabatic processes. A trajectory analysis of ridge-related air parcels suggests that diabatic processes reduce the static stability near the tropopause and contributes to the ridge-related PV anomalies. Part III of the study explores how the RWB events over the subtropical northwestern Atlantic are connected to tropical and extratropical variability. On the interannual scale, the RWB events are correlated with the sea surface temperature (SST) of the tropical North Atlantic. Idealized simulations suggest that the ocean variability affects the RWB events by modulating the tropical precipitation and the extratropical flow. On the synoptic scale, the RWB events can affect the SST variability by regulating surface heat fluxes. Taken together, the findings suggest an interaction between the variations of RWB events and the tropical ocean. The study also explores the connection between the RWB events and the extratropical atmosphere variability using the weather regime analysis. The RWB events and the atmosphere variability in the North Atlantic domain show only modest associations. Instead,… Advisors/Committee Members: Wang, Zhuo (advisor), Wang, Zhuo (Committee Chair), Dunkerton, Timothy (committee member), Magnusdottir, Gudrun (committee member), Sriver, Ryan (committee member), Trapp, Robert Jeffrey (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Atlantic Ocean; Rossby waves; Wave breaking; Tropical cyclones; Extratropical cyclones; Seasonal forecasting; Climate variability; Tropical–Extratropical Interaction

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Zhang, G. (2018). Extratropical impacts on Atlantic tropical cyclone activity: Rossby wave breaking and remote controls. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101114

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhang, Gan. “Extratropical impacts on Atlantic tropical cyclone activity: Rossby wave breaking and remote controls.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101114.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhang, Gan. “Extratropical impacts on Atlantic tropical cyclone activity: Rossby wave breaking and remote controls.” 2018. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhang G. Extratropical impacts on Atlantic tropical cyclone activity: Rossby wave breaking and remote controls. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101114.

Council of Science Editors:

Zhang G. Extratropical impacts on Atlantic tropical cyclone activity: Rossby wave breaking and remote controls. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101114

5. Nithin, Viswambharan. Southern Hemispheric Features and their Teleconnection with Indian Summer Monsoon.

Degree: Atmospheric Sciences, 2012, Cochin University of Science and Technology

URL: http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3086

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This thesis entitled southern hemispheric features and their Teleconnection with indian summer monsoon.Southern hemisphere is entirely distinct from the northern hemisphere in many aspects, which… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Southern Hemisphere; Tropical Circulation; Southern Extratropical Variability; Teleconnection; Indian Summer Monsoon

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nithin, V. (2012). Southern Hemispheric Features and their Teleconnection with Indian Summer Monsoon. (Thesis). Cochin University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3086

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nithin, Viswambharan. “Southern Hemispheric Features and their Teleconnection with Indian Summer Monsoon.” 2012. Thesis, Cochin University of Science and Technology. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3086.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nithin, Viswambharan. “Southern Hemispheric Features and their Teleconnection with Indian Summer Monsoon.” 2012. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Nithin V. Southern Hemispheric Features and their Teleconnection with Indian Summer Monsoon. [Internet] [Thesis]. Cochin University of Science and Technology; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3086.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Nithin V. Southern Hemispheric Features and their Teleconnection with Indian Summer Monsoon. [Thesis]. Cochin University of Science and Technology; 2012. Available from: http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3086

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Mississippi State University

6. Wood, Amy Rebecca. ANALYSIS OF EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION OF CYCLONES IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN USING GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE IMAGERY.

Degree: MS, Geosciences, 2009, Mississippi State University

URL: http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-10282009-160148/ ;

► Tropical cyclones in the Atlantic basin often undergo a process called extratropical transition (ET) and transform from warm-core to cold-core systems while retaining strong… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Atlantic; remote sensing; transition; extratropical

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wood, A. R. (2009). ANALYSIS OF EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION OF CYCLONES IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN USING GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE IMAGERY. (Masters Thesis). Mississippi State University. Retrieved from http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-10282009-160148/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wood, Amy Rebecca. “ANALYSIS OF EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION OF CYCLONES IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN USING GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE IMAGERY.” 2009. Masters Thesis, Mississippi State University. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-10282009-160148/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wood, Amy Rebecca. “ANALYSIS OF EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION OF CYCLONES IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN USING GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE IMAGERY.” 2009. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Wood AR. ANALYSIS OF EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION OF CYCLONES IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN USING GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE IMAGERY. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Mississippi State University; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-10282009-160148/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Wood AR. ANALYSIS OF EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION OF CYCLONES IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN USING GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE IMAGERY. [Masters Thesis]. Mississippi State University; 2009. Available from: http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-10282009-160148/ ;

San Jose State University

7. Favors, James Elda. Regional Identification Methods and Extratropical Dynamical Linkages to Surge Events in the North American Monsoon System.

Degree: MS, Meteorology and Climate Science, 2011, San Jose State University

URL: https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.gdsx-d2uj ; https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4046

► Transient behavior of the North American monsoon allows for episodic northward pulses of atmospheric moisture into the southwestern US. These surge events pose a… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Identification; North American monsoon; Surges; Tropical-Extratropical Interactions

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APA (6^th Edition):

Favors, J. E. (2011). Regional Identification Methods and Extratropical Dynamical Linkages to Surge Events in the North American Monsoon System. (Masters Thesis). San Jose State University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.gdsx-d2uj ; https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4046

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Favors, James Elda. “Regional Identification Methods and Extratropical Dynamical Linkages to Surge Events in the North American Monsoon System.” 2011. Masters Thesis, San Jose State University. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.gdsx-d2uj ; https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4046.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Favors, James Elda. “Regional Identification Methods and Extratropical Dynamical Linkages to Surge Events in the North American Monsoon System.” 2011. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Favors JE. Regional Identification Methods and Extratropical Dynamical Linkages to Surge Events in the North American Monsoon System. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. San Jose State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.gdsx-d2uj ; https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4046.

Council of Science Editors:

Favors JE. Regional Identification Methods and Extratropical Dynamical Linkages to Surge Events in the North American Monsoon System. [Masters Thesis]. San Jose State University; 2011. Available from: https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.gdsx-d2uj ; https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4046

8. Martins, Tatiane Reis. Avaliação do desempenho do modelo BRAMS para a Península Antártica.

Degree: Mestrado, Meteorologia, 2012, University of São Paulo

URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-21062013-164337/ ;

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A Península Antártica (PA) é uma das regiões no planeta que apresentam as mais adversas condições do tempo devido à constante passagem de ciclones. O… (more)

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A Península Antártica (PA) é uma das regiões no planeta que apresentam as mais adversas condições do tempo devido à constante passagem de ciclones. O conhecimento das condições meteorológicas futuras é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de atividades operacionais e de pesquisa na região. Nos últimos anos a implantação e melhoramento dos modelos numéricos, que tem como foco a previsão do tempo na Antártica, têm sido alvo de diversos estudos pela comunidade acadêmica. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho do modelo BRAMS na simulação de parâmetros meteorológicos durante a passagem de ciclones na Península Antártica. Diversas simulações, que envolveram diferentes configurações estruturais e físicas do modelo foram realizadas para dois casos de passagem de ciclones na PA, um que ocorreu em fevereiro e outro em julho de 2009. A avaliação do desempenho do modelo BRAMS foi feita através de duas análises, uma qualitativa, analisado o comportamento de cada variável simulada pelo modelo em comparação com os dados de estações meteorológicas, e a outra uma análise de sensibilidade baseada em índices estatísticos. O desempenho do modelo BRAMS se mostrou altamente dependente das condições iniciais adotadas. A pressão ao nível médio do mar foi a variável melhor representada, mas o modelo não conseguiu prever adequadamente os aumentos de pressão que ocorrem após a passagem do ciclone pela PA, o que ficou evidente no evento de julho. Por outro lado, o BRAMS se mostrou ineficiente em representar as variações de temperatura que ocorrem durante o período de simulação, principalmente no evento de fevereiro. As temperaturas simuladas pelo BRAMS foram mais elevadas que aquelas observadas nas estações meteorológicas para os dois casos (fevereiro e julho). Além disso, o modelo não conseguiu prever as quedas abruptas de temperatura, observadas durante o avanço do ciclone no mês de julho, devido em grande parte à ausência de gelo marinho nas regiões onde, de fato, as observações mostravam que ele estava presente. O modelo BRAMS, de forma geral, não obteve bom desempenho na simulação do vento, principalmente em relação às variações de direção. O modelo capta as principais variações da componente zonal do vento no caso de verão, porém em algumas estações, quando o escoamento tornou-se meridional, o BRAMS simulou um vento de leste, demonstrando uma forte dependência das condições iniciais. Já no caso de inverno, após o ciclone cruzar a PA, os experimentos simulam um vento de oeste que não condiz com o observado nas estações meteorológicas. Já em se tratando do vento meridional notou-se que o BRAMS intensifica os fluxos de sul, principalmente após a passagem do ciclone pela PA.

The Antarctic Peninsula is one of the regions of the earth, which have the most adverse weather conditions due to the constant movement of cyclones. The knowledge of future meteorological conditions is essential for the operational activities and research developments on the region. In the last years, implantation and improvement of the numeric…

Advisors/Committee Members: Gandu, Adilson Wagner.

Subjects/Keywords: Antarctica; Antártica; BRAMS model; ciclones extratropicais; extratropical cyclones; modelo BRAMS

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APA (6^th Edition):

Martins, T. R. (2012). Avaliação do desempenho do modelo BRAMS para a Península Antártica. (Masters Thesis). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-21062013-164337/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Martins, Tatiane Reis. “Avaliação do desempenho do modelo BRAMS para a Península Antártica.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of São Paulo. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-21062013-164337/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Martins, Tatiane Reis. “Avaliação do desempenho do modelo BRAMS para a Península Antártica.” 2012. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Martins TR. Avaliação do desempenho do modelo BRAMS para a Península Antártica. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-21062013-164337/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Martins TR. Avaliação do desempenho do modelo BRAMS para a Península Antártica. [Masters Thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2012. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-21062013-164337/ ;

9. Gozzo, Luiz Felippe. Simulação numérica da influência dos fluxos de superfície em ciclones na costa leste do sul do Brasil.

Degree: Mestrado, Meteorologia, 2010, University of São Paulo

URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-14072010-180123/ ;

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O papel dos fluxos de superfície de calor sensível e latente (FCSL) em dois ciclones extratropicais com desenvolvimento distinto na costa do sul do Brasil… (more)

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O papel dos fluxos de superfície de calor sensível e latente (FCSL) em dois ciclones extratropicais com desenvolvimento distinto na costa do sul do Brasil foi avaliado a partir de simulações numéricas utilizando o modelo de área limitada WRF versão 2.2. Em um dos ciclones, a circulação se originou em baixos níveis e propagou-se para a média troposfera (ciclone 1). No outro ciclone (ciclone 2) a circulação originou-se em níveis médios e propagou-se até a superfície. Foram realizadas simulações numéricas com e sem FCSL para cada um dos ciclones. A trajetória do ciclone 1 foi fortemente alterada na ausência de FCSL, exibindo deslocamento incorreto (para nordeste) e menor tempo de vida. Este comportamento esteve associado às mudanças no padrão de advecção de temperatura em baixos níveis e à diminuição da convergência de massa induzida pelo calor sensível, na ausência de FCSL. No experimento sem FCSL, ocorre também desacoplamento entre o ciclone em superfície e a onda em níveis médios e altos, com consequente enfraquecimento do sistema. O aumento da estabilidade estática e o mecanismo de convergência de Ekman são responsáveis por menor convergência nas regiões frontais na ausência de FCSL. A relação de fase entre os campos de altura geopotencial e temperatura em baixos níveis e o perfil vertical de aquecimento diabático também mostram condições mais favoráveis ao desenvolvimento do ciclone na presença dos FCSL. O ciclone 2 não teve a trajetória alterada entre as duas simulações. A advecção de temperatura e a convergência em baixos níveis devido ao calor sensível foram semelhantes, explicando a similaridade na trajetória nos experimentos com e sem FCSL. A convergência de Ekman diferenciou-se entre as duas simulações, especialmente no final do ciclo de vida do ciclone, mostrando que este processo também altera a intensidade de ciclones fracos. A influência dos FCSL mostrou-se dependente do mecanismo dominante de formação dos ciclones. O ciclone 1, com forçante dinâmica menos intensa, sofreu grandes variações em trajetória e tempo de vida na ausência de FCSL. Já o ciclone 2, sob forçante dinâmica mais definida e intensa, mostrou-se menos dependente dos processos de superfície para o seu deslocamento. Os mecanismos de aprofundamento foram mais intensos no ciclone 1.

The role of latent and sensible heat fluxes (LSHF) between ocean and atmosphere during the development of two extratropical cyclones over the southwestern Atlantic Ocean is analyzed using the WRF (Weather Range and Forecast) Mesoscale Model, version 2.2. In cyclone 1, the circulation has originated in low levels and propagated to the middle troposphere; the cyclone 2s circulation has originated in middle levels propagating towards the surface during its life cycle. The trajectory of cyclone 1 was strongly influenced by the surface heat fluxes, showing an incorrect displacement and a shorter lifetime in the absence of these fluxes. This behavior is associated with changes in low level temperature advection and the reduction of low level mass convergence is…

Advisors/Committee Members: Rocha, Rosmeri Porfirio da.

Subjects/Keywords: Air-sea interaction.; Ciclone extratropical; Extatropical cyclogenesis; interação oceano-atmosfera

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gozzo, L. F. (2010). Simulação numérica da influência dos fluxos de superfície em ciclones na costa leste do sul do Brasil. (Masters Thesis). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-14072010-180123/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gozzo, Luiz Felippe. “Simulação numérica da influência dos fluxos de superfície em ciclones na costa leste do sul do Brasil.” 2010. Masters Thesis, University of São Paulo. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-14072010-180123/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gozzo, Luiz Felippe. “Simulação numérica da influência dos fluxos de superfície em ciclones na costa leste do sul do Brasil.” 2010. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Gozzo LF. Simulação numérica da influência dos fluxos de superfície em ciclones na costa leste do sul do Brasil. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-14072010-180123/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Gozzo LF. Simulação numérica da influência dos fluxos de superfície em ciclones na costa leste do sul do Brasil. [Masters Thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2010. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-14072010-180123/ ;

Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte

10. Brito Neto, Francisco Agustinho de. Análise do balanço de energia entre a interface atmosfera-gelo-água sobre o Mar de Weddell .

Degree: 2017, Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte

URL: http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/24754

► The polar regions play a crucial role in the climate of the planet, as they constitute true energy sinks. The Antarctic continent presents physical and… (more)

▼ The polar regions play a crucial role in the climate of the planet, as they constitute true energy sinks. The Antarctic continent presents physical and geographical characteristics that provide the generation of adverse weather conditions, having another important attribute the great interannual variability of the sea ice. This study has as one of the objectives to study and evaluate the behavior of marine ice conditions at fixed points in the sea of Weddell, as well as the energy flows in surface and temperature of the air, using a dynamic model punctual. The area of study corresponds to the sea of Weddell situated in the southern part of the Atlantic Ocean, between the latitudes 83 ° 10 ' South at 55 ° 00 ' South and longitudes 84 ° 00 ' West at 10 ° 00 ' East. This area covers approximately 3.4 million km² corresponding to approximately the size of Weddell. Another objective is to characterize the surface climatic conditions in the region. For this use daily data of atmospheric pressure on surface, speed and direction of the wind, in addition to the air temperature at 2 meters, from 6 meteorological stations of the Argentine Antarctic Institute located along the Continental edge that comprises the sea of Weddell. In this way, a study of the extreme conditions at wind speed was carried out, with data of reanalysis of the Era-Interim, for the winds of the region and the south, pressure at the average sea level and geopotential height. For the initial conditions that feed the time model of marine ice, data were used of the daily energy flows and radiation from the reanalysis of NCEP/NCAR. The study period comprises January from 1979 to December 2015. As for the characterization of the weather conditions on the sea of Weddell it was observed that when there are extreme events in the region, these were associated with transient extratropical cyclones. It also has an impact on the increase in temperature in most stations due to the advection of temperature from smaller latitudes. The simulations with the punctual model showed that snow is a great controller in the rate of growth and melting of sea ice over the sea of the Weddell. Meanwhile, the model underestimates the air temperature at all simulated points. Advisors/Committee Members: Mendes, David (advisor), 43298990272 (advisor), Spyrides, Maria Helena Constantino (advisor), 79203183434 (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Espessura do gelo marinho; Ciclone extratropical; Teoria de eventos extremos

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APA (6^th Edition):

Brito Neto, F. A. d. (2017). Análise do balanço de energia entre a interface atmosfera-gelo-água sobre o Mar de Weddell . (Masters Thesis). Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte. Retrieved from http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/24754

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brito Neto, Francisco Agustinho de. “Análise do balanço de energia entre a interface atmosfera-gelo-água sobre o Mar de Weddell .” 2017. Masters Thesis, Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/24754.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brito Neto, Francisco Agustinho de. “Análise do balanço de energia entre a interface atmosfera-gelo-água sobre o Mar de Weddell .” 2017. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Brito Neto FAd. Análise do balanço de energia entre a interface atmosfera-gelo-água sobre o Mar de Weddell . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/24754.

Council of Science Editors:

Brito Neto FAd. Análise do balanço de energia entre a interface atmosfera-gelo-água sobre o Mar de Weddell . [Masters Thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte; 2017. Available from: http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/24754

University of Victoria

11. Shippee, Norman. Developing novel storminess metrics and evaluating seasonal predictability of storminess indicators in the north Pacific and Alaskan regions.

Degree: Department of Geography, 2016, University of Victoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7519

► Extratropical cyclones (ETCs) are a common feature of mid- and high-latitudes which, on a large scale, are a primary mechanism by which heat and moisture… (more)

▼ Extratropical cyclones (ETCs) are a common feature of mid- and high-latitudes which, on a large scale, are a primary mechanism by which heat and moisture are transported from equator to pole. ETCs also exert a major impact at smaller scales. Communities along the western coast of Alaska face many types of impacts generated by the winds associated with ETCs, including storm surges, sea water intrusion into fresh water stores, and coastal erosion. Such “strong wind events”, which can occur independent of an ETC, can also generate hazardous sea states and associated impacts on shipping. With no roads, coastal Alaska relies heavily on marine and air transportation. Hazards posed to marine and air travel are often related to two main types of weather: wind and fog. Consultations with stakeholders in the marine transportation community have indicated more precisely specific aspects of poor weather, such as high wind events, that are problematic, including the idea that the periods between strong wind events, defined as lull periods, represent an important metric when planning travel between points of safe harbour. Three separate studies of storminess metrics in the North Pacific and Alaskan regions are presented. The first study presents both a comparison of two storm identification and tracking algorithms and an evaluation of the general characteristics of extratropical cyclones for the North Pacific as portrayed in two reanalyses. The second study applies a modified wind event identification algorithm to reanalysis data to evaluate the spatial climatological patterns of wind events in the circum-Arctic. The third study tests the statistical relationships and predictability of two measures of storm activity - cyclone track density (TDEN) and wind event frequency - in the North Pacific using teleconnection indices exhibiting local influence. The first study showed that the general patterns and trends of cyclone characteristics are similar between the two methods, though with increased values of cyclogenesis density, cyclolysis density, and track density when using the relative vorticity based method. A comparison between storm tracks for NCEP1 and the 56-member ensemble of the Twentieth Century Reanalysis v2 (20CR) shows distinct differences between the 20CR and NCEP1 mean climatology for main storminess indicators. The second study evaluated the spatial and temporal characteristics of wind events and introduced a novel indicator that characterizes periods of favorable weather between strong wind events that last 48-hours or longer, termed lull events. Lull periods were found to be an important consideration for northern marine operations – both economic and subsistence. Additionally, combinations of lull and wind event indicators, termed lull/storm winds (LSW), were analyzed and showed that preferred areas of wind events and lull events are not always spatially coherent. The third study tested the statistical relationships and predictability of two measures of storm activity - cyclone track density (TDEN) and wind event… Advisors/Committee Members: Atkinson, David (supervisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Climate; Extratropical Cyclones; Storminess; Wind Events; North Pacific; Alaska

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APA (6^th Edition):

Shippee, N. (2016). Developing novel storminess metrics and evaluating seasonal predictability of storminess indicators in the north Pacific and Alaskan regions. (Thesis). University of Victoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7519

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Shippee, Norman. “Developing novel storminess metrics and evaluating seasonal predictability of storminess indicators in the north Pacific and Alaskan regions.” 2016. Thesis, University of Victoria. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7519.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Shippee, Norman. “Developing novel storminess metrics and evaluating seasonal predictability of storminess indicators in the north Pacific and Alaskan regions.” 2016. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Shippee N. Developing novel storminess metrics and evaluating seasonal predictability of storminess indicators in the north Pacific and Alaskan regions. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Victoria; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7519.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Shippee N. Developing novel storminess metrics and evaluating seasonal predictability of storminess indicators in the north Pacific and Alaskan regions. [Thesis]. University of Victoria; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7519

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Melbourne

12. LIM, EUN-PA. Global changes in synoptic activity with increasing atmospheric CO2.

Degree: 2005, University of Melbourne

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/38731

► Over the last century, increases in anthropogenic greenhouse gases and global temperature in the atmosphere has drawn our attention to changes in extra tropical cyclones… (more)

▼ Over the last century, increases in anthropogenic greenhouse gases and global temperature in the atmosphere has drawn our attention to changes in extra tropical cyclones which influence daily weather patterns in the mid and high latitudes and redistribute energy, momentum and moisture across the globe. This study is aimed at examining changes in extra tropical cyclones: observed over the past two decades using the NCEP-DOE reanalysis II data (NCEP2); and simulated in the CSIRO Mark2 atmosphere-ocean coupled general circulation model (GCM) with increasingCO2. Furthermore, we attempt to explore the physical mechanisms driving such changes by modelling idealised experiments with the Melbourne University atmospheric GCM. The Melbourne University cyclone finding and tracking scheme is utilised to detect and track cyclones observed in NCEP2 and simulated in the two models. The study demonstrates significant changes in Southern Hemisphere (SH) cyclone features from 1979-2000. SH cyclones have decreased in their number at the surface but increased at the 500 hPa level. On the other hand, SH cyclone physical features such as intensity, radius and depth have significantly increased over the two decades at the mean sea level and 500 hPa level. Moreover, cyclones became vertically better organized in both hemispheres, and particularly in the SH. The changes in the characteristics of Northern Hemisphere (NH) cyclones were statistically less significant than their SH counterparts in the period of 1979-2000. Results from the coupled climate model simulation with enhanced CO2 suggest general reductions in cyclone frequency and intensity throughout the troposphere between the surface and500 hPa level but increases in cyclone radius and organization of vertical structure. These changes are persistent throughout the entire transient run with increasing CO2 and during a 100 year stabilisation period. It is found in the CSIRO simulation with enhanced CO2 that the geographical changes of cyclone features are similar in both hemispheres and between the surface and 500 hPa level. Furthermore, we conclude that some observed changes in extra tropical cyclone features seem to follow the patterns of simulated changes with increasing CO2 from 1xCO2 to 2xCO2 particularly in the SH. Modelling latitudinal temperature gradient at different levels of the troposphere has revealed that the warming over the tropics at the upper troposphere causes cyclone frequency and depth to increase in the high latitudes but decrease in the mid latitudes. By contrast, the warming over the high latitudes at the lower troposphere results in decreases in the cyclone features in the high latitudes but increases in them in the mid latitudes. Therefore, the warming over the tropics seems to play an important role in the changes in SH summer cyclone frequency and depth appearing in the simulation with enhanced CO2, whereas the warming over…

Subjects/Keywords: extratropical cyclones; global warming

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APA (6^th Edition):

LIM, E. (2005). Global changes in synoptic activity with increasing atmospheric CO2. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Melbourne. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11343/38731

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

LIM, EUN-PA. “Global changes in synoptic activity with increasing atmospheric CO2.” 2005. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Melbourne. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11343/38731.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

LIM, EUN-PA. “Global changes in synoptic activity with increasing atmospheric CO2.” 2005. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

LIM E. Global changes in synoptic activity with increasing atmospheric CO2. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2005. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/38731.

Council of Science Editors:

LIM E. Global changes in synoptic activity with increasing atmospheric CO2. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2005. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/38731

University of Arizona

13. Wood, Kimberly. Evaluating the Impacts of Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones on North America Utilizing Remotely Sensed and Reanalysis Data .

Degree: 2012, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/238676

► The eastern North Pacific Ocean has the highest density of tropical cyclone genesis events of any tropical basin in the world, and many of these… (more)

▼ The eastern North Pacific Ocean has the highest density of tropical cyclone genesis events of any tropical basin in the world, and many of these systems form near land before moving westward. However, despite the level of tropical cyclone activity in this basin, and the proximity of the main genesis region to land, tropical cyclone behavior in the eastern North Pacific has been relatively unexplored. When synoptic conditions are favorable, moisture from northward-moving tropical cyclones can be advected into northern Mexico and the southwestern United States, often leading to the development of summertime thunderstorms during the North American monsoon season. An interaction with a mid-latitude trough produces the most rainfall, and the spatial variability of precipitation is greatly affected by the complex topography of the region. Moisture can be advected from a tropical cyclone around the subtropical ridge in place for much of the eastern North Pacific hurricane season and contribute to precipitation. This ridge, when it extends westward over the Pacific Ocean, can also prevent tropical cyclone moisture from impacting the southwestern United States. Northward-moving tropical cyclones often enter an environment with decreasing sea surface temperatures, increasing vertical wind shear, and meridional air temperature and moisture gradients. These key ingredients for extratropical transition are generally present in the eastern North Pacific, but the subtropical ridge prevents many named systems from moving northward, and only 9% of eastern North Pacific tropical cyclones from 1970 to 2011 complete ET according to cyclone phase space. However, over half of the systems that do not complete ET dissipate as cold core cyclones, a structural change that has yet to be explored in other tropical basins. It is difficult to estimate tropical cyclone intensity in a vast ocean area with few direct measurements available. The deviation angle variance technique, an objective method independent of the current techniques widely used today, was successfully applied to seven years of eastern North Pacific tropical cyclones. The RMS error of 13.5 kt for all seven years is comparable to the RMS errors found for other basins. Advisors/Committee Members: Ritchie, Elizabeth (advisor), Hirschboeck, Katherine (committeemember), Tyo, J. Scott (committeemember), Serra, Yolande (committeemember), Ritchie, Elizabeth (committeemember).

Subjects/Keywords: monsoon; precipitation; tropical cyclones; Atmospheric Sciences; eastern North Pacific; extratropical transition

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wood, K. (2012). Evaluating the Impacts of Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones on North America Utilizing Remotely Sensed and Reanalysis Data . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/238676

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wood, Kimberly. “Evaluating the Impacts of Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones on North America Utilizing Remotely Sensed and Reanalysis Data .” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/238676.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wood, Kimberly. “Evaluating the Impacts of Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones on North America Utilizing Remotely Sensed and Reanalysis Data .” 2012. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Wood K. Evaluating the Impacts of Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones on North America Utilizing Remotely Sensed and Reanalysis Data . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/238676.

Council of Science Editors:

Wood K. Evaluating the Impacts of Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones on North America Utilizing Remotely Sensed and Reanalysis Data . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/238676

Princeton University

14. Chai, Junyi. Understanding geostrophic turbulence in a hierarchy of models .

Degree: PhD, 2016, Princeton University

URL: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp017h149s34f

► This thesis is concerned with turbulent motions on the very large scale (on the order of 100 to 1000 km) in the atmosphere and ocean.… (more)

▼ This thesis is concerned with turbulent motions on the very large scale (on the order of 100 to 1000 km) in the atmosphere and ocean. These large-scale motions are called geostrophic turbulence as they are fundamentally influenced by planetary rotation. However, the full Navier-Stokes equations, which include all aspects of turbulence, are often too complex to yield a meaningful understanding. We examine three idealized models with increasing levels of complexity. We start with a forced-dissipated, two-dimensional fluid on a β-plane. The flow is approximated as a single layer and is stirred stochastically, while the spherical geometry is replaced with a tangible plane. Due to the β-effect, the eddies become anisotropic at a threshold scale called the turbulence-wave crossover scale. The traditional phenomenology assumes the forcing scale to be much smaller than the crossover scale so it has no influence. However, when the forcing scale is comparable to or even larger than the crossover scale, we find the forcing scale strongly influences jet formation. Numerical simulations reveal a new turbulent regime where the forcing scale is larger than the crossover scale, such that eddy/eddy interactions are negligible while eddy/mean-flow interactions dominate the nonlinear energy and enstrophy transfers. We update the current theoretical understanding by proposing a more general formulation of crossover scale and eddy diffusivity. These results are applied to a simple climate model – the two-layer, quasi-geostrophic model. We obtain closure theories of eddy heat flux, which crucially depend on two nondimensional numbers: the criticality and the dimensionless friction. We further investigate the role of these two numbers in an idealized dry general circulation model (GCM) that closely resembles the real atmosphere. As the surface friction approaches zero, the dry GCM displays a novel way to equilibrate via an energy-recycling mechanism: eddy kinetic energy is converted back into potential energy by circulations on the largest scale and is then absorbed by radiative damping. When the criticality varies around 1, we explain the change in the horizontal and vertical scales of the eddies with the linear instability theory; and the flow stays weakly nonlinear. Advisors/Committee Members: Held, Isaac M (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Baroclinic flows; Eddy diffusivity; Extratropical cyclones; General circulation models; Turbulence

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chai, J. (2016). Understanding geostrophic turbulence in a hierarchy of models . (Doctoral Dissertation). Princeton University. Retrieved from http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp017h149s34f

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chai, Junyi. “Understanding geostrophic turbulence in a hierarchy of models .” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Princeton University. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp017h149s34f.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chai, Junyi. “Understanding geostrophic turbulence in a hierarchy of models .” 2016. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Chai J. Understanding geostrophic turbulence in a hierarchy of models . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Princeton University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp017h149s34f.

Council of Science Editors:

Chai J. Understanding geostrophic turbulence in a hierarchy of models . [Doctoral Dissertation]. Princeton University; 2016. Available from: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp017h149s34f

15. Caroline Vidal Ferreira da Guia. Análises das características sinóticas das trajetórias dos ciclones extratropicais que atuam na América do Sul e vizinhanças.

Degree: 2010, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais

URL: http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m19/2010/11.26.17.17

►

Aiming to improve the observational knowledge of extratropical cyclones acting in South America and neighborhood oceans this work analyses the cyclones trajectories using the track… (more)

▼

Aiming to improve the observational knowledge of extratropical cyclones acting in South America and neighborhood oceans this work analyses the cyclones trajectories using the track algorithm. This methodology allows a detailed view of the life cycle of this weather system. Specifically features such seasonal characteristics of storms tracks such as density, intensity, growing rate, life time, typical trajectories and vertical structure were calculated using reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA- 40) for December 1978 to November 2001 period. It was confirmed the existence of three cyclogenetic regions in southern South America. It was also investigated the seasonal and vertical behavior of each of these cyclogenetic regions as well as its typical tracks. In this context, it was observed a cyclogenetic region located east of southeastern Brazil in the Atlantic Ocean during the austral summer. This feature is associated with the South Atlantic Convergence Zone and the summer precipitation regime of South America. The others cyclogenetics regions are located further south near Uruguay and Rio Grande do Sul state and near the Golfo de Sao Jorge, in Argentina. Furthermore, it was constructed spatial and temporal composites for the most intense extratropical cyclones to establish concept models for each life cycle of these systems.

Com o intuito de aprimorar o conhecimento observacional dos ciclones extratropicais que atuam no sul da América do Sul e nos oceanos adjacentes, o presente trabalho analisa as trajetórias dos mesmos utilizando o algorítimo it{track}, uma análise objetiva que permite uma visão mais detalhada da avaliação desses sistemas de tempo. Especificamente, estudou-se as características sazonais, densidade, intensidade, taxa de crescimento, tempo de vida, trajetórias típicas e estruturas verticais desses sistemas. Para isso, foi utilizado dados derivados da reanálise ERA-40 do it{European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts} no período compreendido entre dezembro de 1978 a novembro de 2001. Comprovou-se a existência de três regiões ciclogenéticas no sul da América do Sul. Investigou-se também o comportamento sazonal e vertical de cada uma dessas regiões ciclogenéticas, assim como suas trajetórias típicas. Nesse contexto, destaca-se a região ciclogenética situada à leste da Região Sudeste do Brasil, durante o verão austral, influenciada pela Zona de Convergência do Atlântico Sul, a qual está associada ao regime de precipitação no verão da América do Sul. As demais regiões ciclogenéticas encontram-se mais a sul, uma delas próxima ao Uruguai e Rio Grande do Sul, e a outra próxima ao Golfo de São Jorge, na Argentina. Além disso, foram construídos compostos espacias e temporais para os ciclones extratropicais mais intensos, possibilitando assim estabelecer modelos conceituais para cada fase da vida desses sistemas.

Advisors/Committee Members: Manoel Alonso Gan, Nelson Jesus Ferreira, Marcelo Barbio Rosa, André Becker Nunes.

Subjects/Keywords: trajetória das tempestades; ciclone extratropical; climatologia sinótica; instabilidade baroclínica; corrente de jato; storms track; extratropical cyclone; synoptic climatology; baroclinic instability; jet stream

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APA (6^th Edition):

Guia, C. V. F. d. (2010). Análises das características sinóticas das trajetórias dos ciclones extratropicais que atuam na América do Sul e vizinhanças. (Thesis). Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais. Retrieved from http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m19/2010/11.26.17.17

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Guia, Caroline Vidal Ferreira da. “Análises das características sinóticas das trajetórias dos ciclones extratropicais que atuam na América do Sul e vizinhanças.” 2010. Thesis, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m19/2010/11.26.17.17.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Guia, Caroline Vidal Ferreira da. “Análises das características sinóticas das trajetórias dos ciclones extratropicais que atuam na América do Sul e vizinhanças.” 2010. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Guia CVFd. Análises das características sinóticas das trajetórias dos ciclones extratropicais que atuam na América do Sul e vizinhanças. [Internet] [Thesis]. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m19/2010/11.26.17.17.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Guia CVFd. Análises das características sinóticas das trajetórias dos ciclones extratropicais que atuam na América do Sul e vizinhanças. [Thesis]. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais; 2010. Available from: http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m19/2010/11.26.17.17

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

16. Campa, Jana. Potential vorticity and moisture in extratropical cyclones : climatology and sensitivity experiments.

Degree: 2012, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

URL: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2013/3497/

► The development of extratropical cyclones can be seen as an interplay of three positive potential vorticity (PV) anomalies: an upper-level stratospheric intrusion, low-tropospheric diabatically produced… (more)

▼ The development of extratropical cyclones can be seen as an interplay of three positive potential vorticity (PV) anomalies: an upper-level stratospheric intrusion, low-tropospheric diabatically produced PV, and a warm anomaly at the surface acting as a surrogate PV anomaly. In the mature stage they become vertically aligned and form a “PV tower” associated with strong cyclonic circulation. This paradigm of extratropical cyclone development provides the basis of this thesis, which will use a climatological dataset and numerical model experiments to investigate the amplitude of the three anomalies and the processes leading in particular to the formation of the diabatically produced low-tropospheric PV anomaly.rnrnThe first part of this study, based on the interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) dataset, quantifies the amplitude of the three PV anomalies in mature extratropical cyclones in different regions in the Northern Hemisphere on a climatological basis. A tracking algorithm is applied to sea level pressure (SLP) fields to identify cyclone tracks. Surface potential temperature anomalies ∆θ and vertical profiles of PV anomalies ∆PV are calculated at the time of the cyclones’ minimum SLP and during the intensification phase 24 hours before in a vertical cylinder with a radius of 200 km around the surface cyclone center. To compare the characteristics of the cyclones, they are grouped according to their location (8 regions) and intensity, where the central SLP is used as a measure of intensity. Composites of ∆PV profiles and ∆θ are calculated for each region and intensity class at the time of minimum SLP and during the cyclone intensification phase.rnrnDuring the cyclones’ development stage the amplitudes of all three anomalies increase on average. In the mature stage all three anomalies are typically larger for intense than for weak winter cyclones [e.g., 0.6 versus 0.2 potential vorticity units (PVU) at lower levels, and 1.5 versus 0.5 PVU at upper levels].rnThe regional variability of the cyclones’ vertical structure and the profile evolution is prominent (cyclones in some regions are more sensitive to the amplitude of a particular anomaly than in other regions). Values of ∆θ and low-level ∆PV are on average larger in the western parts of the oceans than in the eastern parts. In addition, a large seasonal variability can be identified, with fewer and weaker cyclones especially in the summer, associated with higher low-tropospheric PV values, but also with a higher tropopause and much weaker surface potential temperature anomalies (compared to winter cyclones).rnrnIn the second part, we were interested in the diabatic low-level part of PV towers. Evaporative sources were identified of moisture that was involved in PV production through condensation. Lagrangian backward trajectories were calculated from the region with high PV values at low-levels in the cyclones. PV production regions were identified along these trajectories and from these regions a new set of backward trajectories was calculated and moisture…

Subjects/Keywords: außertropische Zyklonen, potentielle Vorticity, moisture transport, climatology; extratropical cyclones, potential vorticity, Feuchtetransport, Klimatologie; Physics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Campa, J. (2012). Potential vorticity and moisture in extratropical cyclones : climatology and sensitivity experiments. (Doctoral Dissertation). Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Retrieved from http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2013/3497/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Campa, Jana. “Potential vorticity and moisture in extratropical cyclones : climatology and sensitivity experiments.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2013/3497/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Campa, Jana. “Potential vorticity and moisture in extratropical cyclones : climatology and sensitivity experiments.” 2012. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Campa J. Potential vorticity and moisture in extratropical cyclones : climatology and sensitivity experiments. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2013/3497/.

Council of Science Editors:

Campa J. Potential vorticity and moisture in extratropical cyclones : climatology and sensitivity experiments. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2012. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2013/3497/

University of Michigan

17. Crespo, Juan. Exploring New Satellite Technology for Extratropical Cyclone and Surface Heat Flux Analysis.

Degree: PhD, Atmospheric, Oceanic & Space Science, 2018, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/143900

► Extratropical cyclones play a large role in every day weather and Earth’s general climate, as they not only transport energy and moisture between the lower… (more)

▼ Extratropical cyclones play a large role in every day weather and Earth’s general climate, as they not only transport energy and moisture between the lower and higher latitudes, but also are associated with many extreme weather events observed across the globe. Throughout the winter of 2017 and 2018, we have already seen the impact extratropical cyclones have here in the United States. In December 2017, an extratropical cyclone brought snow as far south as Louisiana, and dumped up to six inches throughout Mississippi and Alabama. One month later, the nation was captivated as a “bomb cyclone” developed in the western Atlantic Ocean before making landfall in New England, causing blizzard conditions and affecting travel in one of the busiest corridors in the United States. Given their importance, it is critical that we build an understanding of how these systems develop at all scales, as well as surface processes involved in their genesis and evolution. While the scientific community has a good understanding of how extratropical cyclones develop at the synoptic scale thanks to nearly a century of research, there are still uncertainties when it comes to understanding how these systems develop at the mesoscale and microscale, as well as how surface processes could play a role in their development. This thesis offers a new understanding of how extratropical cyclones can develop by using existing and new satellite technologies that offer a unique analysis. For example, by using the existing NASA Afternoon-Train (A-Train) observations, we are able to observe a stratiform-to-convective transition within the warm front, something that had not been observed from a remote sensing platform before at this time. This fascinating transition raised more questions regarding how and why this transition occurred. One theory was the involvement of surface heat fluxes, as previous research has shown their influence on extratropical cyclone development. Given the importance of surface heat fluxes on not only marine-based extratropical cyclones, but also other weather phenomenon, it is important to consistently observe these fluxes. With the lack of in-situ measurements over the world’s oceans, spaceborne instruments need to be able to fill in this gap. By using the recently launched Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS), which offers improved estimates of surface wind speeds in nearly all weather conditions across the tropical and subtropical oceans, we can get better estimates of surface heat fluxes. While CYGNSS is a tropical mission, it is able to continuously observe extratropical cyclones that form in the lower latitudes, especially in areas where surface heat fluxes are strongest, such as off the coast of Japan and off the East Coast of the United States. This thesis highlights wind speed observations and surface heat flux estimates within and around some low-latitude extratropical cyclones that were observed in CYGNSS’s first year in orbit. These new CYGNSS observations offer a unique perspective of extratropical… Advisors/Committee Members: Posselt, Derek J (committee member), Ruf, Christopher S (committee member), Ivanov, Valeriy Y (committee member), Flanner, Mark G (committee member), Keppel-Aleks, Gretchen (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Extratropical Cyclones; Surface Heat Fluxes; Remote Sensing; Boundary layer; Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences; Science

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Crespo, J. (2018). Exploring New Satellite Technology for Extratropical Cyclone and Surface Heat Flux Analysis. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/143900

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Crespo, Juan. “Exploring New Satellite Technology for Extratropical Cyclone and Surface Heat Flux Analysis.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/143900.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Crespo, Juan. “Exploring New Satellite Technology for Extratropical Cyclone and Surface Heat Flux Analysis.” 2018. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Crespo J. Exploring New Satellite Technology for Extratropical Cyclone and Surface Heat Flux Analysis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/143900.

Council of Science Editors:

Crespo J. Exploring New Satellite Technology for Extratropical Cyclone and Surface Heat Flux Analysis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/143900

University of Manchester

18. Norris, Jesse Michael. Dynamics and organisation of precipitation bands in the midlatitudes.

Degree: 2014, University of Manchester

URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:221975

► Thesis title: Dynamics and organisation of precipitation bands in the midlatitudes.Submitted by Jesse Norris to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctorof Philosophy… (more)

▼ Thesis title: Dynamics and organisation of precipitation bands in the midlatitudes.Submitted by Jesse Norris to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctorof Philosophy (PhD). 24 March 2014.This thesis was funded by the Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC)as part of the Diabatic Influences on Mesoscale Structures in Extratropical Storms(DIAMET) project. The thesis is presented in alternative format, meaning that theresults of the thesis take the form of three journal articles, each telling a distinctstory within the subject matter, but collectively highlighting the sensitivity of bandsto frictional and diabatic processes.Paper 1 is an idealised-modelling study with the Weather Research and Fore-casting (WRF) model, in which moist baroclinic waves are simulated from an initialzonally uniform midlatitude jet on an f -plane at 20-km grid spacing, and the sen-sitivity of the resulting precipitation bands is explored. Paper 2 employs furtherWRF idealised-baroclinic-wave simulations and takes a simulation from Paper 1,after the cold front has formed, as the initial condition. A nested domain at 4-kmgrid spacing is inserted when this simulation is re-initialised to invesigate the sensi-tivity of finer-scale precipitation cores along the surface cold front. In both Papers 1and 2, friction and latent-heat release enhance multiple banding at the two distincthorizontal scales, while surface fluxes hinder multiple banding.Paper 3 studies postfrontal snowbands over the English Channel and Irish Seaduring extreme cold-air outbreaks in the winters of 2009–10 and 2010–11, via a cli-matology of precipitation-radar, sounding, and SST data, and real-data WRF sensi-tivity simulations of one such band over the English Channel. The observational andmodelling results show that strong winds and large differential heat fluxes betweenland and sea were necessary to generate banded precipitation. Coastal orographyand the land–sea frictional contrast aided the morphology of bands, but bandedprecipitation did still form in the absence of these influences in the sensitivity sim-ulations.These three studies and the thesis as a whole highlight the role of frictional anddiabatic processes in modifying various types of precipitation bands within baroclinicwaves, and in generating bands that would otherwise not exist. Advisors/Committee Members: SCHULTZ, DAVID D, Vaughan, Geraint, Schultz, David.

Subjects/Keywords: rainbands; snowbands; mesoscale; extratropical cyclones; cold-air outbreaks; baroclinic waves; diabatic; WRF; radar

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APA (6^th Edition):

Norris, J. M. (2014). Dynamics and organisation of precipitation bands in the midlatitudes. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:221975

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Norris, Jesse Michael. “Dynamics and organisation of precipitation bands in the midlatitudes.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:221975.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Norris, Jesse Michael. “Dynamics and organisation of precipitation bands in the midlatitudes.” 2014. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Norris JM. Dynamics and organisation of precipitation bands in the midlatitudes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:221975.

Council of Science Editors:

Norris JM. Dynamics and organisation of precipitation bands in the midlatitudes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2014. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:221975

University of Georgia

19. Miller, Justin Matthew. Testing the roles of extratropical origination and predation on irregular echinoid evolution.

Degree: 2014, University of Georgia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/27232

► The number of extratropical vs. tropical originations and the predation frequency of fossil irregular echinoids were analyzed to gain a better understanding of their evolution.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Evolution; Echinoid; Diversity; Planktotrophic; Extratropical; Predation; Drill Hole; Burrow Tier; Eocene; Ocala Limestone

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APA (6^th Edition):

Miller, J. M. (2014). Testing the roles of extratropical origination and predation on irregular echinoid evolution. (Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10724/27232

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Miller, Justin Matthew. “Testing the roles of extratropical origination and predation on irregular echinoid evolution.” 2014. Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10724/27232.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Miller, Justin Matthew. “Testing the roles of extratropical origination and predation on irregular echinoid evolution.” 2014. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Miller JM. Testing the roles of extratropical origination and predation on irregular echinoid evolution. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/27232.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Miller JM. Testing the roles of extratropical origination and predation on irregular echinoid evolution. [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/27232

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

North Carolina State University

20. Harville, Steven L. Effects of Appalachian Topography on Precipitation from Landfalling Hurricanes.

Degree: MS, Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 2009, North Carolina State University

URL: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/2849

► A thorough analysis of rainfall distributions associated with tropical cyclones that have impinged upon or impacted the southern and central Appalachian mountain range is conducted… (more)

▼ A thorough analysis of rainfall distributions associated with tropical cyclones that have impinged upon or impacted the southern and central Appalachian mountain range is conducted using the North America Regional Reanalysis (NARR) and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The primary objective of this study is to improve the skill and precision of future forecasts by identifying specific areas where enhancement of the precipitation associated with landfalling tropical cyclones due to the direct and indirect effects of orography most frequently occurs. Based on the relative positions between the tropical cyclone tracks and the orientation of the Appalachian Mountains, four storm tracks are classified. We identify locations with the highest potential for flooding using local maximum analysis for each representative track. For storms that run parallel along the eastern side of the Appalachians (Track-B), heavy rainfall is located along eastern slopes with the heaviest precipitation falling across western North Carolina and central Virginia. Storm tracks that run parallel on the western side of the Appalachians (Track-C) show heaviest precipitation falling on the eastern slopes of western North Carolina. For storms that track more perpendicular to the mountain range, maximum rainfall is located over the mountains of central Virginia (Track-A) and across the southern Appalachians (Track-D). A second goal of this work is to document some of the effects of these mountains on landfalling tropical cyclones, on the synoptic environment as a whole, and on the interactions of these tropical and mid-latitude cyclones. Work here is focused on expanding upon the synoptic approach of Atallah et al. (2007). This is accomplished through examination of the precipitation climatology, analysis of composites and case studies, and by numerical simulation. Hart and Evans (2006) find that the orientation of the approaching upper-level mid-latitude trough is one of the most significant factors in determining the occurrence of extratropical transition (ET) and the potential for reintensification. Results suggest that through orographic enhancement of the downstream ridge, these storms play an active role in tilting the approaching mid-latitude trough towards a more negative orientation, thus increasing the likelihood of ET. At the same time synoptic-scale frontal boundaries slow and strengthen as they approach the Appalachians from the west, similar to the findings of O'Handley and Bosart (1996). As a result, numerical simulations run with topography show greater precipitation over areas northwest of the Appalachians than experimental simulations run with flattened terrain. Advisors/Committee Members: Sandra Yuter, Committee Member (advisor), Gary Lackmann, Committee Member (advisor), Anantha Aiyyer, Committee Chair (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: orographic lift; Appalachians; tropical cyclone; hurricane; Isabel; Ivan; extratropical transition; Frances; precipitation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Harville, S. L. (2009). Effects of Appalachian Topography on Precipitation from Landfalling Hurricanes. (Thesis). North Carolina State University. Retrieved from http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/2849

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Harville, Steven L. “Effects of Appalachian Topography on Precipitation from Landfalling Hurricanes.” 2009. Thesis, North Carolina State University. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/2849.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Harville, Steven L. “Effects of Appalachian Topography on Precipitation from Landfalling Hurricanes.” 2009. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Harville SL. Effects of Appalachian Topography on Precipitation from Landfalling Hurricanes. [Internet] [Thesis]. North Carolina State University; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/2849.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Harville SL. Effects of Appalachian Topography on Precipitation from Landfalling Hurricanes. [Thesis]. North Carolina State University; 2009. Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/2849

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

21. Cannon, Forest Glen. Influence of Large-Scale Circulation on the Dynamics of Extratropical Cyclones and Orographic Precipitation in High Mountain Asia.

Degree: 2016, University of California – eScholarship, University of California

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/0kg4848v

► Westerly disturbances are the primary climatic influence within High Mountain Asia during winter, producing over half of annual precipitation in 4-6 events per winter season… (more)

▼ Westerly disturbances are the primary climatic influence within High Mountain Asia during winter, producing over half of annual precipitation in 4-6 events per winter season and supplying essential water resources for large populations across Asia. This research examines High Mountain Asia’s hydroclimate, focusing on the relationship between westerly disturbance dynamics, the mechanisms that drive orographic precipitation, and their variability on intraseasonal and interannual scales. The first chapter establishes that extreme winter precipitation events in High Mountain Asia are primarily attributable to combined contributions from dynamical forcing and moisture availability during westerly disturbance interaction with regional topography. A novel wave-tracking algorithm was developed to provide an inventory of location, timing, intensity, and duration of westerly disturbance events, allowing for a comprehensive study of the mechanisms that drive orographic precipitation, on an individual event basis and in the aggregate. In the second chapter, westerly disturbances are investigated using extreme event composites to identify significant influence of global atmospheric variability over westerly disturbance dynamics and moisture availability, focusing on tropical forcing by the Madden Julian Oscillation on intraseasonal timescales and the El Nino Southern Oscillation on interannual scales. This work demonstrates that El Nino simultaneously enhances the strength of the storm track and moisture availability to westerly disturbances. Contrastingly, during Madden Julian Oscillation propagation there is a transition in the balance of contributions from moisture availability and dynamical forcing to orographic precipitation. The third chapter of this dissertation employs a mesoscale model to perform a set of modified topography experiments in which extreme precipitation events in High Mountain Asia that were related to westerly disturbances are simulated at 6km resolution with native model topography and with smoothed topography taken from a global circulation model. These experiments illustrate that topographic smoothing fundamentally alters the dynamic and thermodynamic mechanisms that produce orographic precipitation during westerly disturbances, and identifies important deficiencies in the ability of models with coarse topographic resolution to simulate High Mountain Asia weather and climate. Collectively, the three chapters of this dissertation give novel insight into the dynamics of westerly disturbances, how these systems generate extreme precipitation events in High Mountain Asia, and their relationships with global atmospheric variability. These findings advance the scientific community’s understanding of weather and climate in High Mountain Asia and improve the potential for evaluating the current state and future fate of regional water resources.

Subjects/Keywords: Atmospheric sciences; Extratropical Cyclones; High Mountain Asia; Mesoscale Modeling; Orographic Precipitation; Teleconnections; Westerly Disturbances

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cannon, F. G. (2016). Influence of Large-Scale Circulation on the Dynamics of Extratropical Cyclones and Orographic Precipitation in High Mountain Asia. (Thesis). University of California – eScholarship, University of California. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/0kg4848v

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cannon, Forest Glen. “Influence of Large-Scale Circulation on the Dynamics of Extratropical Cyclones and Orographic Precipitation in High Mountain Asia.” 2016. Thesis, University of California – eScholarship, University of California. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/0kg4848v.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cannon, Forest Glen. “Influence of Large-Scale Circulation on the Dynamics of Extratropical Cyclones and Orographic Precipitation in High Mountain Asia.” 2016. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Cannon FG. Influence of Large-Scale Circulation on the Dynamics of Extratropical Cyclones and Orographic Precipitation in High Mountain Asia. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – eScholarship, University of California; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/0kg4848v.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cannon FG. Influence of Large-Scale Circulation on the Dynamics of Extratropical Cyclones and Orographic Precipitation in High Mountain Asia. [Thesis]. University of California – eScholarship, University of California; 2016. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/0kg4848v

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Manchester

22. Hardy, Sam. The 23-26 September 2012 UK floods : influence of diabatic processes and upper-level forcing on cyclone development.

Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Manchester

URL: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-2326-september-2012-uk-floods-influence-of-diabatic-processes-and-upperlevel-forcing-on-cyclone-development(7331bff8-e536-4446-bacf-701aca158c2b).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.727968

► The thesis comprises two separate journal articles that together form a coherent body of work. In this thesis, the key physical processes responsible for the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: 551.5; Flooding; United Kingdom; Ice-phase microphysics; Diabatic heating; Potential vorticity; Extratropical cyclone

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hardy, S. (2017). The 23-26 September 2012 UK floods : influence of diabatic processes and upper-level forcing on cyclone development. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-2326-september-2012-uk-floods-influence-of-diabatic-processes-and-upperlevel-forcing-on-cyclone-development(7331bff8-e536-4446-bacf-701aca158c2b).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.727968

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hardy, Sam. “The 23-26 September 2012 UK floods : influence of diabatic processes and upper-level forcing on cyclone development.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-2326-september-2012-uk-floods-influence-of-diabatic-processes-and-upperlevel-forcing-on-cyclone-development(7331bff8-e536-4446-bacf-701aca158c2b).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.727968.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hardy, Sam. “The 23-26 September 2012 UK floods : influence of diabatic processes and upper-level forcing on cyclone development.” 2017. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Hardy S. The 23-26 September 2012 UK floods : influence of diabatic processes and upper-level forcing on cyclone development. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-2326-september-2012-uk-floods-influence-of-diabatic-processes-and-upperlevel-forcing-on-cyclone-development(7331bff8-e536-4446-bacf-701aca158c2b).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.727968.

Council of Science Editors:

Hardy S. The 23-26 September 2012 UK floods : influence of diabatic processes and upper-level forcing on cyclone development. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2017. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-2326-september-2012-uk-floods-influence-of-diabatic-processes-and-upperlevel-forcing-on-cyclone-development(7331bff8-e536-4446-bacf-701aca158c2b).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.727968

23. Norris, Jesse Michael. Dynamics and organisation of precipitation bands in the midlatitudes.

Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Manchester

URL: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/dynamics-and-organisation-of-precipitation-bands-in-the-midlatitudes(b9d8f4e8-ec91-43f2-b3e1-936e2a1995b5).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617964

► The thesis is presented in alternative format, meaning that the results of the thesis take the form of three journal articles, each telling a distinct… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: 551.57; rainbands, snowbands, mesoscale, extratropical cyclones, cold-air outbreaks, baroclinic waves, diabatic, WRF, radar

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APA (6^th Edition):

Norris, J. M. (2014). Dynamics and organisation of precipitation bands in the midlatitudes. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/dynamics-and-organisation-of-precipitation-bands-in-the-midlatitudes(b9d8f4e8-ec91-43f2-b3e1-936e2a1995b5).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617964

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Norris, Jesse Michael. “Dynamics and organisation of precipitation bands in the midlatitudes.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/dynamics-and-organisation-of-precipitation-bands-in-the-midlatitudes(b9d8f4e8-ec91-43f2-b3e1-936e2a1995b5).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617964.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Norris, Jesse Michael. “Dynamics and organisation of precipitation bands in the midlatitudes.” 2014. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Norris JM. Dynamics and organisation of precipitation bands in the midlatitudes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/dynamics-and-organisation-of-precipitation-bands-in-the-midlatitudes(b9d8f4e8-ec91-43f2-b3e1-936e2a1995b5).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617964.

Council of Science Editors:

Norris JM. Dynamics and organisation of precipitation bands in the midlatitudes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2014. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/dynamics-and-organisation-of-precipitation-bands-in-the-midlatitudes(b9d8f4e8-ec91-43f2-b3e1-936e2a1995b5).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617964

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

24. Plummer, David. Structure and statistical analysis of the microphysical properties of the comma-head region of cold-season midlatitude cyclones.

Degree: PhD, 0334, 2015, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/73029

► This dissertation presents analyses of the microphysical structure and processes producing precipitation in the comma-head region of cold-season continental cyclones, using data collected by the… (more)

▼ This dissertation presents analyses of the microphysical structure and processes producing precipitation in the comma-head region of cold-season continental cyclones, using data collected by the W-band Wyoming Cloud Radar and in-situ instrumentation aboard the NSF/NCAR C-130 research aircraft during the 2009-10 Profiling of Winter Storms (PLOWS) field campaign. The analyses describe the characteristics both of convective generating cells at cloud top, and regions of stratiform cloud further below, in which convectively-generated fall streaks of hydrometeors were embedded. Measurements were obtained within convective generating cells occurring at cloud top in 11 cyclones at temperatures between -10 and 55°C, and in regions of stratiform cloud in 14 cyclones at temperatures between 4 and 45°C. Detailed descriptions are presented of the generating cell characteristics in an individual cyclone, as well as statistical analyses of the entire generating cell data set, followed by a corresponding case study and large-scale statistical analysis of the full stratiform data set. Within the generating cell regions, ice particle number concentrations averaged 1.9 times larger inside generating cells compared to outside, and derived ice water contents and median mass dimensions averaged 2.2 and 1.1 times larger in cells. Supercooled water was directly measured at temperatures between 31.4 and 11.1°C, with the median and 95th percentile liquid water content increasing from ~0.09 to 0.12 g m 3 and 0.14 to 0.28 g m 3 over this temperature range. Liquid water was present in 26% of observations within cells and 18% of observations between cells over the same temperature range, and was nearly ubiquitous at temperatures above 16°C. The larger ice particle concentrations in generating cells are consistent with greater ice production in convective updrafts. The increased mass and size of the ice particles demonstrate that generating cells provide environments favorable for enhanced particle growth. The impact of water saturation and supercooled water in the cells was evident, with rapid particle growth by diffusion and sometimes riming apparent, in addition to aggregation. Turbulent mixing lessened the observed differences between cells and surrounding regions, with supercooled water observed within and between cells, similar habits within and between cells, and rimed particles evident even in ice-phase conditions. Within the stratiform regions, ice-phase conditions predominated, with deposition and aggregation the primary growth mechanisms. Larger particle sizes and integrated mass were commonly observed relative to measurements in generating cells at similar temperatures, with the relative difference generally increasing with temperature, providing evidence that primary ice growth occurs below the generating cell level. Furthermore, while ice growth occurred both within and between convectively-generated fall streaks, ice number concentrations averaged approximately 1.9 times larger within compared to between the fall streaks, and… Advisors/Committee Members: Rauber, Robert M. (advisor), Rauber, Robert M. (Committee Chair), McFarquhar, Greg M. (committee member), Jewett, Brian F. (committee member), Leon, David C. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Microphysics; radar; midlatitude; extratropical; cold-season; cyclone; generating cells; fall streaks; convection; stratiform

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APA (6^th Edition):

Plummer, D. (2015). Structure and statistical analysis of the microphysical properties of the comma-head region of cold-season midlatitude cyclones. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/73029

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Plummer, David. “Structure and statistical analysis of the microphysical properties of the comma-head region of cold-season midlatitude cyclones.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/73029.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Plummer, David. “Structure and statistical analysis of the microphysical properties of the comma-head region of cold-season midlatitude cyclones.” 2015. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Plummer D. Structure and statistical analysis of the microphysical properties of the comma-head region of cold-season midlatitude cyclones. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/73029.

Council of Science Editors:

Plummer D. Structure and statistical analysis of the microphysical properties of the comma-head region of cold-season midlatitude cyclones. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/73029

Colorado State University

25. Mayer, Kirsten J. Midlatitude prediction skill following QBO-MJO activity on subseasonal to seasonal timescales.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Atmospheric Science, 2019, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/199779

► The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is known to force extratropical weather days-to-weeks following an MJO event through excitation of Rossby waves, also known as tropical-extratropical teleconnections.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: prediction skill; subseasonal to seasonal; tropical-extratropical teleconnections; quasi-biennial oscillation; Madden-Julian oscillation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mayer, K. J. (2019). Midlatitude prediction skill following QBO-MJO activity on subseasonal to seasonal timescales. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/199779

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mayer, Kirsten J. “Midlatitude prediction skill following QBO-MJO activity on subseasonal to seasonal timescales.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/199779.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mayer, Kirsten J. “Midlatitude prediction skill following QBO-MJO activity on subseasonal to seasonal timescales.” 2019. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Mayer KJ. Midlatitude prediction skill following QBO-MJO activity on subseasonal to seasonal timescales. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/199779.

Council of Science Editors:

Mayer KJ. Midlatitude prediction skill following QBO-MJO activity on subseasonal to seasonal timescales. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/199779

26. Hardy, Sam. The 23–26 September 2012 UK floods: Influence of diabatic processes and upper-level forcing on cyclone development.

Degree: 2017, University of Manchester

URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:306734

►

This thesis was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and is presented in the alternative format. The thesis comprises two separate journal articles… (more)

▼

This thesis was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and is presented in the alternative format. The thesis comprises two separate journal articles that together form a coherent body of work. In this thesis, the key physical processes responsible for the 23–26 September 2012 UK floods are investigated using a case study approach. The cyclone responsible for the floods developed near the Azores on 20¬–22 September following the interaction between an equatorward-moving potential vorticity (PV) streamer and tropical storm Nadine. Convectively-driven latent heat release associated with the developing cyclone reduced upper-level PV and resulted in the fracture of the PV streamer into a discrete anomaly as the cyclone intensified. In Paper 1, convection-permitting model simulations and diabatic heating rate and PV tendency calculations along trajectories demonstrate that deposition heating strongly reduced upper-level PV in the vicinity of the PV streamer, contributing to its fracture into a discrete anomaly. The cyclone deepened further over the UK on 23–26 September, ahead of a second upper-level PV anomaly. In Paper 2, sensitivity simulations of the storm are presented. PV inversion is used to modify the strength and position of the PV anomaly in the initial conditions and to examine whether the event could have been even more extreme with different upper-level forcing. Results show that quasigeostrophic forcing for ascent ahead of the PV anomaly contributed to the maintenance of the rainfall band over the UK. Counterintuitively however, strengthening the upper-level forcing produced a shallower cyclone with lower rainfall totals. Instead of moving eastward over the UK to interact with the cyclone, the strengthened anomaly rotated cyclonically around a large-scale trough over Iceland, resulting in a fragmented rainfall band. The counterintuitive results suggest that the verifying analysis represents almost the highest-impact scenario possible for this flooding event.

When clouds form in the atmosphere as water vapour turns into liquid water droplets, heat is released by condensation. Heat is also released higher up in the atmosphere when ice and snow crystals develop via a process called vapour deposition. We know that heat released by condensation can intensify large-scale storms that affect the UK. However, the intensifying effect of deposition heating on these storms is less well-understood. The first part of this thesis addresses that question by studying the development of a high-impact storm that caused major flooding over the UK in late September 2012. An important feature of the atmosphere is the presence of eastward-moving waves at the top of the troposphere, where the winds are strongest. Large-scale storms often intensify as an upper-level wave approaches. In some cases, these upper-level waves can interact with eachother as well as with the large-scale storms. This process can be unpredictable and is poorly understood. In the second part of this thesis, the interactions between…

Advisors/Committee Members: VAUGHAN, GERAINT G, Vaughan, Geraint, Schultz, David.

Subjects/Keywords: Extratropical cyclone; Potential vorticity; Diabatic heating; Ice-phase microphysics; Flooding; United Kingdom

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hardy, S. (2017). The 23–26 September 2012 UK floods: Influence of diabatic processes and upper-level forcing on cyclone development. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:306734

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hardy, Sam. “The 23–26 September 2012 UK floods: Influence of diabatic processes and upper-level forcing on cyclone development.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:306734.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hardy, Sam. “The 23–26 September 2012 UK floods: Influence of diabatic processes and upper-level forcing on cyclone development.” 2017. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Hardy S. The 23–26 September 2012 UK floods: Influence of diabatic processes and upper-level forcing on cyclone development. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:306734.

Council of Science Editors:

Hardy S. The 23–26 September 2012 UK floods: Influence of diabatic processes and upper-level forcing on cyclone development. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2017. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:306734

Universidade de Lisboa

27. Chinita, Maria João. Estudo da estrutura do campo do vapor de água em tempestades severas em Portugal Continental.

Degree: 2013, Universidade de Lisboa

URL: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:repositorio.ul.pt:10451/9985

►

Tese de mestrado em Ciências Geofísicas, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2013

A tempestade Gong afetou Portugal continental no dia… (more)

▼

Tese de mestrado em Ciências Geofísicas, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2013

A tempestade Gong afetou Portugal continental no dia 19 de janeiro de 2013. Pela singularidade deste ciclone extratropical, este foi simulado numericamente em alta resolução (9 e 3 km) pelo modelo WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting), permitindo deste modo a identificação e análise das várias estruturas particulares dos ciclones extratropicais do tipo Shapiro-Keyser, tais como cloud head, bent back front, intrusão de ar seco, fratura frontal e núcleo quente. O estudo da performance das parametrizações utilizadas mostrou que os resultados das simulações são sensíveis às parametrizações utilizadas. A intrusão de ar seco estratosférico atingiu níveis muito próximos da superfície dentro da camada limite na região junto à costa portuguesa. A análise desenvolvida no presente trabalho indicou que este ciclone extratropical se inclui na classe de ciclones descritos pelo modelo de Shapiro-Keyser, capazes de produzir ventos muito intensos à superfície. Este jato à superfície foi identificado e designado por sting jet por Browning. Contudo a metodologia de diagnóstico de sting jet aqui aplicada foi a desenvolvida recentemente por Schultz, baseada na frontogênese de Petterssen, apontando esta como responsável pelo movimento vertical necessário à libertação de instabilidade.

The Gong storm has affected mainland Portugal on 19th January, 2013. Given the uniqueness of this extra tropical cyclone, it was numerically simulated in high resolution (9 and 3 km) by the WRF model, allowing the identification and analysis of various particular structures of Shapiro–Keyser extra tropical cyclones, such as cloud head, bent back front, dry air intrusion, frontal fracture and warm core. The study of the parameterization performances has shown that the simulation results are sensitive to the applied parameterizations. The intrusion of dry stratospheric air has reached close levels from the surface within the boundary layer of the Portuguese coast region. On the basis of the analysis developed in the present study has indicated that this extra tropical cyclone can be included in the Shapiro Keiser cyclone class, capable of producing very intense surface winds. This surface jet was identified and named sting jet by Browning. However the sting jet diagnosis methodology applied in this study was the one recently developed by Schultz, based on Petterssen frontogenesis, pointing it out as a vertical movement necessary to the instability release. The sting jet location has coincided with a strong frontolysis region.

Advisors/Committee Members: Miranda, Pedro M. A., 1954-, Cardoso, Rita Margarida Antunes de Paula.

Subjects/Keywords: WRF; Alta resolução; Ciclone extratropical de Shapiro-Keyser; Intrusão de ar seco; Instabilidade potencial; Sting Jet; Teses de mestrado - 2013

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chinita, M. J. (2013). Estudo da estrutura do campo do vapor de água em tempestades severas em Portugal Continental. (Thesis). Universidade de Lisboa. Retrieved from http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:repositorio.ul.pt:10451/9985

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chinita, Maria João. “Estudo da estrutura do campo do vapor de água em tempestades severas em Portugal Continental.” 2013. Thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:repositorio.ul.pt:10451/9985.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chinita, Maria João. “Estudo da estrutura do campo do vapor de água em tempestades severas em Portugal Continental.” 2013. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Chinita MJ. Estudo da estrutura do campo do vapor de água em tempestades severas em Portugal Continental. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade de Lisboa; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:repositorio.ul.pt:10451/9985.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chinita MJ. Estudo da estrutura do campo do vapor de água em tempestades severas em Portugal Continental. [Thesis]. Universidade de Lisboa; 2013. Available from: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:repositorio.ul.pt:10451/9985

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Universiteit Utrecht

28. Baatsen, M.L.J. Severe Autumn Storms in Future Western Europe with a Warmer Atlantic Ocean.

Degree: 2014, Universiteit Utrecht

URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/297078

Subjects/Keywords: Tropical cyclones; extratropical transition; warm seclusion; climate change

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APA (6^th Edition):

Baatsen, M. L. J. (2014). Severe Autumn Storms in Future Western Europe with a Warmer Atlantic Ocean. (Masters Thesis). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/297078

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Baatsen, M L J. “Severe Autumn Storms in Future Western Europe with a Warmer Atlantic Ocean.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/297078.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Baatsen, M L J. “Severe Autumn Storms in Future Western Europe with a Warmer Atlantic Ocean.” 2014. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Baatsen MLJ. Severe Autumn Storms in Future Western Europe with a Warmer Atlantic Ocean. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/297078.

Council of Science Editors:

Baatsen MLJ. Severe Autumn Storms in Future Western Europe with a Warmer Atlantic Ocean. [Masters Thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2014. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/297078

29. Carpenedo, Camila Bertoletti. Interações entre os ciclones extratropicais e a variabilidade extrema do gelo marinho nos mares de Bellingshausen-Amundsen e no mar de Weddell, Antártica.

Degree: Mestrado, Meteorologia, 2012, University of São Paulo

URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-21062013-124527/ ;

► O sistema atmosfera-gelo marinho é complexo e fortemente acoplado. Em uma região de transição entre a cobertura de gelo marinho e o mar aberto a… (more)

▼ O sistema atmosfera-gelo marinho é complexo e fortemente acoplado. Em uma região de transição entre a cobertura de gelo marinho e o mar aberto a interação entre esse sistema é particularmente intensa, sendo significativa o suficiente para influenciar a circulação atmosférica de grande escala e a distribuição de gelo marinho. Assim, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi analisar as interações entre os ciclones extratropicais e a variabilidade extrema do gelo marinho nos setores dos mares de Bellingshausen-Amundsen (MBA) e do mar de Weddell (MW), no período de verão e inverno austral entre 1989 e 2007. Foram utilizados dados de extensão de gelo marinho do NSIDC/NASA; campos atmosféricos da superfície até os altos níveis da troposfera das reanálises do ERA-Interim (ECMWF); composição de imagens de satélite do canal infravermelho do SSEC; Índice de Niño Oceânico do CPC/NOAA. As anomalias de alta frequência (período de 2-10 dias) e interanual (período maior que 370 dias) foram obtidas aplicando-se a transformada rápida de Fourier nas séries temporais (1989-2007). Os extremos de gelo marinho foram obtidos através do primeiro e terceiro quartil da distribuição dos dados. As características da circulação atmosférica de alta frequência e interanual associadas aos eventos extremos negativos (ENGM) e positivos (EPGM) de gelo marinho, na mesma escala de tempo, foram obtidas através de composições defasadas das anomalias dos campos atmosféricos. Para evidenciar e exemplificar os padrões encontrados nas composições de alta frequência apresenta-se uma análise sinótica de estudo de casos para o setor dos MBA durante o inverno austral, em eventos ENGM e EPGM, separando os casos em fases distintas do fenômeno tropical El Niño. Foi utilizada a estatística de ciclones do Automatic Cyclone Tracking, da Universidade de Melbourne, para analisar a ocorrência de ciclones associados aos períodos de mínima e máxima extensão de gelo marinho na escala interanual. Os resultados mostram que no verão e inverno austral, os eventos ENGM de alta frequência no setor dos MBA e do MW estão associados com as anomalias dos campos atmosféricos, na mesma escala temporal, que se assemelham a um trem de ondas ocorrido a partir de três dias anteriores ao evento extremo. A anomalia ciclônica no oeste e a anomalia anticiclônica no leste do setor resultam em uma anomalia de ventos de norte e, consequentemente, a anomalias positivas de temperatura do ar. Essa configuração anômala contribui para os eventos ENGM através do derretimento do gelo marinho e do seu próprio transporte em direção às latitudes maiores pelos ventos de norte anômalos. As anomalias de alta frequência dos campos atmosféricos em todos os casos (composições defasadas) de eventos EPGM apresentam fases opostas em relação aos eventos ENGM. Portanto, fases distintas do trem de ondas induzem na modulação de extremos de gelo marinho opostos. Em relação às análises sinóticas dos eventos ENGM e EPGM em fases distintas do fenômeno El Niño, verificou-se que em períodos de El Niño há uma intensificação do… Advisors/Committee Members: Gandu, Adilson Wagner.

Subjects/Keywords: Antarctic sea ice; ciclones extratropicais; extratropical cyclones; gelo marinho antártico; highd and low frequency variability; variabilidade de alta e baixa frequência

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Carpenedo, C. B. (2012). Interações entre os ciclones extratropicais e a variabilidade extrema do gelo marinho nos mares de Bellingshausen-Amundsen e no mar de Weddell, Antártica. (Masters Thesis). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-21062013-124527/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Carpenedo, Camila Bertoletti. “Interações entre os ciclones extratropicais e a variabilidade extrema do gelo marinho nos mares de Bellingshausen-Amundsen e no mar de Weddell, Antártica.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of São Paulo. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-21062013-124527/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Carpenedo, Camila Bertoletti. “Interações entre os ciclones extratropicais e a variabilidade extrema do gelo marinho nos mares de Bellingshausen-Amundsen e no mar de Weddell, Antártica.” 2012. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Carpenedo CB. Interações entre os ciclones extratropicais e a variabilidade extrema do gelo marinho nos mares de Bellingshausen-Amundsen e no mar de Weddell, Antártica. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-21062013-124527/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Carpenedo CB. Interações entre os ciclones extratropicais e a variabilidade extrema do gelo marinho nos mares de Bellingshausen-Amundsen e no mar de Weddell, Antártica. [Masters Thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2012. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-21062013-124527/ ;

University of Georgia

30. Andersen, Theresa Kate. The 'brown ocean' concept.

Degree: 2014, University of Georgia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/28963

► The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has indicated the global water cycle is accelerating and may have an impact on the frequency and intensity… (more)

▼ The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has indicated the global water cycle is accelerating and may have an impact on the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs). To protect life and property, it is important to identify how TC structure and intensity may respond to post-landfall conditions. Anomalously high soil moisture enhances surface latent heat flux (LHF) and has been theorized to provide energy to landfalling TCs. TCs can maintain or increase strength over inland regions (TCMIs) where they would otherwise be expected to dissipate or transition to extratropical cyclones (ETs). This framework has been termed the brown ocean effect because moisture from the ocean is normally the primary source for the energetics driving tropical systems. The first objective of this research is to create a global climatology of post-landfall TC intensifications. Landfalling tropical systems 1979-2008 are identified and filtered by those that intensify inland (i.e., pressure drop or wind speed increase). Low-level thermal wind measurements, satellite images, and hurricane databases are used to interpret the post-landfall structure of each TC that intensifies inland: warm-core (TCMI), cold-core (ET), or hybrid. The second objective is to use HYDRUS-1D to model typical surface fluxes of an intensification region. A comparison of land flux versus ocean flux provides an assessment of the feasibility that soil moisture can act as a substitute for the ocean. The third objective is to use a numerical weather model to simulate a historical TCMI case under various soil moisture regimes. This test of the brown ocean determines the relative role of soil moisture in TC evolution. Results reveal 16 TCMI cases globally over the study period. The LHF over land leading up to intensification has a comparable magnitude to that over the ocean. Findings from objectives 1 and 2 suggest that antecedent precipitation, soil moisture, evaporation, and LHF could be important to the maintenance of warm-core TCs when baroclinicity is weak (i.e., lack of temperature gradients). WRF simulations from objective 3 indicate that TC structure is influenced by soil moisture conditions. A dry soil regime reduces LHF, low-level moisture, and total precipitation, and weakens cyclone rotation.

Subjects/Keywords: brown ocean effect; extratropical transition; feedback; HYDRUS; landfall; latent heat flux; numerical model; soil moisture; tropical cyclones

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APA (6^th Edition):

Andersen, T. K. (2014). The 'brown ocean' concept. (Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10724/28963

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Andersen, Theresa Kate. “The 'brown ocean' concept.” 2014. Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed January 21, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10724/28963.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Andersen, Theresa Kate. “The 'brown ocean' concept.” 2014. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Andersen TK. The 'brown ocean' concept. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/28963.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Andersen TK. The 'brown ocean' concept. [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/28963

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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