subject:(energy savings)

University of North Texas

1. Boozula, Aravind Reddy. Use of Bio-Product/Phase Change Material Composites in the Building Envelope for Building Thermal Control and Energy Savings.

Degree: 2018, University of North Texas

URL: https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248391/

► This research investigates the bio-products/phase change material (PCM) composites for the building envelope application. Bio-products, such as wood and herb, are porous medium, which can… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Phase Change Materials; Energy savings

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APA (6^th Edition):

Boozula, A. R. (2018). Use of Bio-Product/Phase Change Material Composites in the Building Envelope for Building Thermal Control and Energy Savings. (Thesis). University of North Texas. Retrieved from https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248391/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Boozula, Aravind Reddy. “Use of Bio-Product/Phase Change Material Composites in the Building Envelope for Building Thermal Control and Energy Savings.” 2018. Thesis, University of North Texas. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248391/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Boozula, Aravind Reddy. “Use of Bio-Product/Phase Change Material Composites in the Building Envelope for Building Thermal Control and Energy Savings.” 2018. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Boozula AR. Use of Bio-Product/Phase Change Material Composites in the Building Envelope for Building Thermal Control and Energy Savings. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Texas; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248391/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Boozula AR. Use of Bio-Product/Phase Change Material Composites in the Building Envelope for Building Thermal Control and Energy Savings. [Thesis]. University of North Texas; 2018. Available from: https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248391/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Universiteit Utrecht

2. Scheffer, S. Residential energy savings on a tight schedule: An ex-ante hybrid bottom-up approach to evaluate contributions of energy efficiency and conservation measures to enhance short-term energy security.

Degree: 2016, Universiteit Utrecht

URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/331093

► Short-term energy security (STES) regarding natural gas and electricity has become a high priority on the EU energy agenda. Residential short-term energy efficiency and conservation… (more)

▼ Short-term energy security (STES) regarding natural gas and electricity has become a high priority on the EU energy agenda. Residential short-term energy efficiency and conservation measures (STEECMs) could have a significant contribution to improve STES. A limited amount of research has attempted to quantify impact of STEECMs on STES. Therefore, this study attempts to quantify contributions of STEECMs to STES by setting up of a detailed ex-ante bottom-up STEECM model. An extensive literature overview is conducted to develop such a model. With Germany as case-study, a detailed reference case is setup with technical, economic and utilization parameters to describe micro-scale characteristics of five energy end-use services (EEUSs). A list of 39 STEECMs is developed, extended with additional technical, economic and socio-behavioral parameters to illustrate micro-scale and macro-scale EEC barriers, short-term energy efficiency and conservation potentials (STEECPs), investment costs and energy costs savings. Characteristics of STEECMs can be connected to four dimensions of STES, namely availability, accessibility, affordability and acceptability. Realistic survey data, timescale and disruption severity scenarios and three policy intervention scenarios are developed to simulate realistic energy- or costs savings and lists of favorable STEECMs with regard to a certain STES dimension. Technically, natural gas space heating (SH) STEECMs have the highest micro-scale and macro-scale theoretical STEECP and electricity has no clearly preferred EEUS to realize energy savings. Economically, most energy costs can be saved by space heating- and lighting STEECMs, but affordability is inhibited by long payback periods for renovation and technology replacement. Utilization behavior STEECMs have the lowest implementation difficulty, while renovation and technology replacement have the lowest impact on comfort level. Favorable STEECMs with the highest realistic STEECP could save up to 23% of German residential final electricity and natural gas use, but there is some uncertainty on sufficient stocks and professional installers. Favorable STEECMs in a small disruption scenario are dominated by electricity measures with limited technical contribution (8-13%). A severe disruption scenario favors more SH and domestic hot water (DHW) with a combined STEECP of 15-37% of residential final natural gas and electricity use. An informational and awareness campaign strongly improves a small disruption scenario (11%), but has less impact on severe disruption scenarios (33%). Price signals improve the affordability and subsidy schemes make technology replacement more common in the list of favorable STEECMs to contribute to STES. Advisors/Committee Members: van den Broek, Dr. M.A..

Subjects/Keywords: Energy efficiency; energy conservation; energy security; short-term energy savings; residential energy savings; bottom-up energy model

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APA (6^th Edition):

Scheffer, S. (2016). Residential energy savings on a tight schedule: An ex-ante hybrid bottom-up approach to evaluate contributions of energy efficiency and conservation measures to enhance short-term energy security. (Masters Thesis). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/331093

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Scheffer, S. “Residential energy savings on a tight schedule: An ex-ante hybrid bottom-up approach to evaluate contributions of energy efficiency and conservation measures to enhance short-term energy security.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/331093.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Scheffer, S. “Residential energy savings on a tight schedule: An ex-ante hybrid bottom-up approach to evaluate contributions of energy efficiency and conservation measures to enhance short-term energy security.” 2016. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Scheffer S. Residential energy savings on a tight schedule: An ex-ante hybrid bottom-up approach to evaluate contributions of energy efficiency and conservation measures to enhance short-term energy security. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/331093.

Council of Science Editors:

Scheffer S. Residential energy savings on a tight schedule: An ex-ante hybrid bottom-up approach to evaluate contributions of energy efficiency and conservation measures to enhance short-term energy security. [Masters Thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2016. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/331093

Texas A&M University

3. Hardy, Mark James. Reducing Air Compressor Work by Using Inlet Air Cooling and Dehumidification.

Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2011, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8987

► Air compressor systems play a large role in modern industry. These compressors can account for a significant portion of a manufacturing facility’s electric consumption and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: air compressor efficiency; absorption cooling; energy savings

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hardy, M. J. (2011). Reducing Air Compressor Work by Using Inlet Air Cooling and Dehumidification. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8987

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hardy, Mark James. “Reducing Air Compressor Work by Using Inlet Air Cooling and Dehumidification.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8987.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hardy, Mark James. “Reducing Air Compressor Work by Using Inlet Air Cooling and Dehumidification.” 2011. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Hardy MJ. Reducing Air Compressor Work by Using Inlet Air Cooling and Dehumidification. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8987.

Council of Science Editors:

Hardy MJ. Reducing Air Compressor Work by Using Inlet Air Cooling and Dehumidification. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8987

Texas A&M University

4. Elliott, Matthew Stuart. Distributed Control of HVAC&R Networks.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2013, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151089

► Heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems are a major component of worldwide energy consumption, and frequently consist of complex networks of interconnected components.… (more)

▼ Heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems are a major component of worldwide energy consumption, and frequently consist of complex networks of interconnected components. The ubiquitous nature of these systems suggests that improvements in their energy efficiency characteristics can have significant impact on global energy consumption. The complexity of the systems, however, means that decentralized control schemes will not always suffice to balance competing goals of energy efficiency and occupant comfort and safety. This dissertation proposes control solutions for three facets of this problem. The first is a cascaded control architecture for actuators, such as electronic expansion valves, that provides excellent disturbance rejection and setpoint tracking characteristics, as well as partial nonlinearity compensation without a compensation model. The second solution is a hierarchical control architecture for multiple-evaporator vapor compression systems that uses model predictive control (MPC) at both the supervisory and component levels. The controllers leverage the characteristics of MPC to balance energy efficiency with occupant comfort. Since the local controllers are decentralized, the architecture retains a degree of modularity—changing one component does not require changing all controllers. The final contribution is a new distributed optimization algorithm that is rooted in distributed MPC and is especially motivated by HVAC&R systems. This algorithm allows local level optimizers to iterate to a centralized solution. The optimizers have no knowledge of any plant other than the plant they are associated with, and only need to communicate with their immediate neighbors. The efficacy of the algorithm is displayed with two sets of examples. One example is simulation based, wherein a building is modeled in the EnergyPlus software suite. The other is an experimental example. In this example, the algorithm is applied to a multiple evaporator vapor compression system. In both cases the design method is discussed, and the ability of the algorithm to reduce energy consumption when properly applied is demonstrated. Advisors/Committee Members: Rasmussen, Bryan (advisor), Culp, Charles (committee member), McAdams, Dan (committee member), Palazzolo, Alan (committee member), Valasek, John (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Control systems; building controls; energy savings

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APA (6^th Edition):

Elliott, M. S. (2013). Distributed Control of HVAC&R Networks. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151089

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Elliott, Matthew Stuart. “Distributed Control of HVAC&R Networks.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151089.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Elliott, Matthew Stuart. “Distributed Control of HVAC&R Networks.” 2013. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Elliott MS. Distributed Control of HVAC&R Networks. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151089.

Council of Science Editors:

Elliott MS. Distributed Control of HVAC&R Networks. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151089

Penn State University

5. Alhafi, Zuhaira. Calibrated Energy Simulations Of Potential Energy savings In Actual Retail Buildings .

Degree: 2014, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/23682

► Retail stores are commercial buildings with high energy consumption due to their typically large volumes and long hours of operation. This dissertation assesses heating, ventilating… (more)

▼ Retail stores are commercial buildings with high energy consumption due to their typically large volumes and long hours of operation. This dissertation assesses heating, ventilating and air conditioning saving strategies based on energy simulations with input parameters from actual retail buildings. The dissertation hypothesis is that “Retail store buildings will save a significant amount of energy by (1) modifying ventilation rates, and/or (2) resetting set point temperatures. These strategies have shown to be beneficial in previous studies. As presented in the literature review, potential energy savings ranged from 0.5% to 30% without compromising indoor thermal comfort and indoor air quality. The retail store buildings can be ventilated at rates significantly lower than rates called for in the ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010 while maintaining acceptable indoor air quality. Therefore, two dissertation objectives are addressed: (1) Investigate opportunities to reduce ventilation rates that do not compromise indoor air quality in retail stores located in Central Pennsylvania, (2) Investigate opportunities to increase (in summer) and decrease (in winter) set point temperatures that do not compromise thermal comfort. This study conducted experimental measurements of ventilation rates required to maintain acceptable air quality and indoor environmental conditions requirements for two retail stores using ASHRAE Standard 62.1_2012. More specifically, among other parameters, occupancy density, indoor and outdoor pollutant concentrations, and indoor temperatures were measured continuously for one week interval. One of these retail stores were tested four times for a yearlong time period. Pollutants monitored were formaldehyde, carbon dioxide, particle size distributions and concentrations, as well as total volatile organic compounds. As a part of the base protocol, the number of occupants in each store was hourly counted during the test, and the results reveal that the occupant densities were approximately 20% to 30% of that called by ASHRAE 62.1. Formaldehyde was the most important contaminant of concern in retail stores investigated. Both stores exceeded the most conservative health guideline for formaldehyde (OEHHA TWA REL = 7.3 ppb). This study found that source removal and reducing the emission rate, as demonstrated in retail stores sampled in this study, is a viable strategy to meet the health guideline. Total volatile compound were present in retail stores at low concentrations well below health guidelines suggested by Molhve (1700µg /m²) and Bridges (1000 µg /m²). Based on these results and through mass–balance modeling, different ventilation rate reduction scenarios were proposed, and for these scenarios the differences in energy consumption were estimated. Findings of all phases of this desertion have contributed to understanding (a) the trade-offs between energy savings and ventilation rates that do not compromise indoor air quality, and (b) the trade-offs between energy savings and resets of… Advisors/Committee Members: Pr Jelena Srebric, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, William P Bahnfleth, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Stephen James Treado, Committee Member, Qian Wang, Special Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Ventilation rate; Indoor air quality; Energy savings

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APA (6^th Edition):

Alhafi, Z. (2014). Calibrated Energy Simulations Of Potential Energy savings In Actual Retail Buildings . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/23682

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Alhafi, Zuhaira. “Calibrated Energy Simulations Of Potential Energy savings In Actual Retail Buildings .” 2014. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/23682.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Alhafi, Zuhaira. “Calibrated Energy Simulations Of Potential Energy savings In Actual Retail Buildings .” 2014. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Alhafi Z. Calibrated Energy Simulations Of Potential Energy savings In Actual Retail Buildings . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/23682.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Alhafi Z. Calibrated Energy Simulations Of Potential Energy savings In Actual Retail Buildings . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2014. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/23682

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

6. Villaro, Izaskun. Analysis of the energy savings gained by protective glazing on stained single-glass windows at Uppsala cathedral.

Degree: Energy and Environmental Engineering, 2016, University of Gävle

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22101

►

Most European stained glass windows have no protection to reduce the damage due to environmental exposure, and this is the case of the great… (more)

▼

Most European stained glass windows have no protection to reduce the damage due to environmental exposure, and this is the case of the great gothic windows in the Uppsala Cathedral. Currently, the implementation of protective glazing systems is being carried out in order to reduce the damage of the stained glass. In this connection, an analysis of the energy saving potential of the protective system is of great interest. The main obstacle in the implementation of this kind of systems is a social rejection based on the fact that the additional panes perturb the appearance of the historic building. Thus, demonstrating that there would actually be an energy saving, with the corresponding economic saving, would help approving the implementation of the protective glazing system. Measurement data needed for the analysis were available since they were used in condensation studies for the damaging analysis. However, the fact that this data was not gathered thinking of the energy saving analysis and its difficulties, some limitations have appeared in the present study. Accordingly, the needed simplifications imply some uncertainty in the results. However, the reliability of the results and the conclusions that can be drawn from the analysis are contrasted with previous similar studies. Different methods of calculation and analysis will be discussed, and finally results for the heat transfer coefficients through the open air gap and through the whole double paned system will be obtained. Furthermore, an energy saving analysis will be carried out with the winter data for both the case of the case of the Sonens fönster and the case of also implementing a similar system in the rosette of the cathedral. As a result, the conclusions drawn will be that the implemented protective glazing system reduces the heat losses through the windows to less than a third and that savings of about 8700 kWh/year and 13000 kWh/year are achieved in the case of the system being implemented only in Sonenes fönster and also in the rosette respectively. Finally, a rough study of the condensation problem will be exposed and possible matters, along with some advices, of further studies regarding more accurate analysis of both the condensation and the energy saving analysis will be presented.

Church project

Subjects/Keywords: stained glass; protective glazing; energy savings

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APA (6^th Edition):

Villaro, I. (2016). Analysis of the energy savings gained by protective glazing on stained single-glass windows at Uppsala cathedral. (Thesis). University of Gävle. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22101

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Villaro, Izaskun. “Analysis of the energy savings gained by protective glazing on stained single-glass windows at Uppsala cathedral.” 2016. Thesis, University of Gävle. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22101.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Villaro, Izaskun. “Analysis of the energy savings gained by protective glazing on stained single-glass windows at Uppsala cathedral.” 2016. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Villaro I. Analysis of the energy savings gained by protective glazing on stained single-glass windows at Uppsala cathedral. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Gävle; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22101.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Villaro I. Analysis of the energy savings gained by protective glazing on stained single-glass windows at Uppsala cathedral. [Thesis]. University of Gävle; 2016. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22101

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

De Montfort University

7. Ekwevugbe, Tobore. Advanced occupancy measurement using sensor fusion.

Degree: PhD, 2013, De Montfort University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10103

► With roughly about half of the energy used in buildings attributed to Heating, Ventilation, and Air conditioning (HVAC) systems, there is clearly great potential for… (more)

▼ With roughly about half of the energy used in buildings attributed to Heating, Ventilation, and Air conditioning (HVAC) systems, there is clearly great potential for energy saving through improved building operations. Accurate knowledge of localised and real-time occupancy numbers can have compelling control applications for HVAC systems. However, existing technologies applied for building occupancy measurements are limited, such that a precise and reliable occupant count is difficult to obtain. For example, passive infrared (PIR) sensors commonly used for occupancy sensing in lighting control applications cannot differentiate between occupants grouped together, video sensing is often limited by privacy concerns, atmospheric gas sensors (such as CO2 sensors) may be affected by the presence of electromagnetic (EMI) interference, and may not show clear links between occupancy and sensor values. Past studies have indicated the need for a heterogeneous multi-sensory fusion approach for occupancy detection to address the short-comings of existing occupancy detection systems. The aim of this research is to develop an advanced instrumentation strategy to monitor occupancy levels in non-domestic buildings, whilst facilitating the lowering of energy use and also maintaining an acceptable indoor climate. Accordingly, a novel multi-sensor based approach for occupancy detection in open-plan office spaces is proposed. The approach combined information from various low-cost and non-intrusive indoor environmental sensors, with the aim to merge advantages of various sensors, whilst minimising their weaknesses. The proposed approach offered the potential for explicit information indicating occupancy levels to be captured. The proposed occupancy monitoring strategy has two main components; hardware system implementation and data processing. The hardware system implementation included a custom made sound sensor and refinement of CO2 sensors for EMI mitigation. Two test beds were designed and implemented for supporting the research studies, including proof-of-concept, and experimental studies. Data processing was carried out in several stages with the ultimate goal being to detect occupancy levels. Firstly, interested features were extracted from all sensory data collected, and then a symmetrical uncertainty analysis was applied to determine the predictive strength of individual sensor features. Thirdly, a candidate features subset was determined using a genetic based search. Finally, a back-propagation neural network model was adopted to fuse candidate multi-sensory features for estimation of occupancy levels. Several test cases were implemented to demonstrate and evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed occupancy detection approach. Results have shown the potential of the proposed heterogeneous multi-sensor fusion based approach as an advanced strategy for the development of reliable occupancy detection systems in open-plan office buildings, which can be capable of facilitating improved control of building services.…

Subjects/Keywords: 333.79; occupancy; Features; sensors; Energy savings

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ekwevugbe, T. (2013). Advanced occupancy measurement using sensor fusion. (Doctoral Dissertation). De Montfort University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10103

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ekwevugbe, Tobore. “Advanced occupancy measurement using sensor fusion.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, De Montfort University. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10103.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ekwevugbe, Tobore. “Advanced occupancy measurement using sensor fusion.” 2013. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ekwevugbe T. Advanced occupancy measurement using sensor fusion. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. De Montfort University; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10103.

Council of Science Editors:

Ekwevugbe T. Advanced occupancy measurement using sensor fusion. [Doctoral Dissertation]. De Montfort University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10103

Texas A&M University

8. Mackenzie, Andrew William. A Thermal RC Model Including Thermal Mass and Solar Gain Effects for Building Energy Simulation.

Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2019, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/188772

► Building Commissioning is important for evaluating energy and dollar savings in existing buildings. Energy Systems Lab of Texas A&M University has developed WinAM with the… (more)

▼ Building Commissioning is important for evaluating energy and dollar savings in existing buildings. Energy Systems Lab of Texas A&M University has developed WinAM with the purpose of aiding that process. WinAM is a steady-state calculation engine tool that computes energy and dollar savings for commissioning purposes in existing buildings. However, the problem can rise with WinAM’s simplified calculation method rendering inaccurate results. This research proposes a Resistance-Capacitance (RC) model be added to the current WinAM model that incorporates the effects of solar heat gains and thermal mass effects. The RC model is tested against 11 simulation cases with EnergyPlus™, a building energy simulation program, and the current WinAM version. Parameters are changed in all models to analyze the proposed RC model against EnergyPlus results. The results show that the RC model achieves better performance than WinAM when compared to EnergyPlus. The extreme case differs of 286% for annual heating consumption between the RC model and EnergyPlus, while WinAM differs in 4040% for annual heating consumption when compared to EnergyPlus. The RC model annual heating and cooling consumption results approximates better to EnergyPlus in more than 90% of the cases analyzed. Energy savings are estimated for the cases of temperature setback and dead-band temperature set points, for seven different weather conditions and three different building masses. A case study is also analyzed of a real building, each model is calibrated to the building’s metered energy consumption, and applied energy efficiency measures (EEMs) to the models, comparing each model’s estimated savings. For the case study, the estimated savings from all models when temperature set back and temperature dead-band are applied present similar estimated savings. The extreme cases are of WinAM over predicting savings for temperature set back such as 47% for annual heating consumption, while RC predicts 27% and EnergyPlus only predicts 6%, and WinAM under predicting savings for temperature dead-band such as 31% for annual heating consumption, while RC predicts 96%, and EnergyPlus predicts 99% savings. The RC model presents improvement from the current WinAM model in 53/55 of simulated cases of the estimated savings when compared to EnergyPlus estimated savings. Advisors/Committee Members: Claridge, David (advisor), Culp, Charles (committee member), Pate, Michael (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Building Energy Simulation; Thermal Mass; Solar Gain; Energy Savings; Savings; Dollar Savings; Commercial Builindg; HVAC; WinAM; EnergyPlus; RC; Thermal Model

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mackenzie, A. W. (2019). A Thermal RC Model Including Thermal Mass and Solar Gain Effects for Building Energy Simulation. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/188772

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mackenzie, Andrew William. “A Thermal RC Model Including Thermal Mass and Solar Gain Effects for Building Energy Simulation.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/188772.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mackenzie, Andrew William. “A Thermal RC Model Including Thermal Mass and Solar Gain Effects for Building Energy Simulation.” 2019. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Mackenzie AW. A Thermal RC Model Including Thermal Mass and Solar Gain Effects for Building Energy Simulation. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/188772.

Council of Science Editors:

Mackenzie AW. A Thermal RC Model Including Thermal Mass and Solar Gain Effects for Building Energy Simulation. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/188772

University of California – Berkeley

9. Rosado, Pablo Javier. Evaluating Cool Impervious Surfaces: Application to an Energy-Efficient Residential Roof and to City Pavements.

Degree: Mechanical Engineering, 2016, University of California – Berkeley

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6bf80485

► Summer urban heat island (UHI) refers to the phenomenon of having higher urban temperatures compared to the those in surrounding suburban and rural areas. Higher… (more)

▼ Summer urban heat island (UHI) refers to the phenomenon of having higher urban temperatures compared to the those in surrounding suburban and rural areas. Higher urban air temperatures lead to increased cooling demand, accelerates the formation of smog, and contributes to the generation of greenhouse gas emissions. Dark-colored impervious surfaces cover a significant fraction of an urban fabric, and as hot and dry surfaces, are a major contributor to the UHI effect. Adopting solar-reflective (“cool”) roofs and cool pavements, and increasing the urban vegetation, are strategies proven to mitigate urban heat islands. These strategies often have an “indirect” effect (ambient cooling) and “direct” effect (change in solar energy flux entering the conditioned space) on the energy use of buildings. This work investigates some elements of the UHI mitigation strategies, specifically the annual direct effect of a cool roof, and the direct and indirect effects of cool pavements.The first topic researched in this paper consists in an experimental assessment of the direct effects from replacing a conventional dark roof with a highly energy-efficient cool roof. The study measures and calculates the annual benefits of the cool roof on the cooling and heating energy uses, and the associated emission reductions. The energy savings attributed to the cool roof are validated by measuring the difference between the homes in the heat loads that entered the conditioned space through the ceiling and HVAC ducts. Fractional annual cooling energy savings (26%) were 2.6 times the 10% daily cooling energy savings measured in a previous study that used a white coating to increase the albedo of an asphalt shingle roof by the same amount (0.44). The improved cooling energy savings (26% vs. 10%) may be attributed to the cool tile’s above-sheathing ventilation, rather than to its high thermal mass. The roof also provided energy savings during the heating season, yielding fractional annual gas heating savings of 4% and electric heating savings of 3%. The slightly positive fractional annual heating energy savings likely resulted from the tile roof’s high thermal capacitance, which increased the overnight temperature of the attic air. Thus cool tile roofs should be perceived as a technology that provides energy and environmental benefits during the cooling season as well as the heating season.The second topic investigates the direct and indirect effects of cool pavements on the energy use of California’s building stock. First, a simple urban canyon model was developed to calculate the canyon albedo after the user provides the solar position, canyon orientation, and dimensions of the canyon walls, road, and setbacks. Next, a method is presented to correct the values of temperature changes obtained from previous urban climate models to values that would be obtained from canyon geometries that distinguish between road and setbacks (e.g. sidewalk, front yard).The new canyon model is used to scale the temperature changes obtained from a recent urban climate…

Subjects/Keywords: Energy; Mechanical engineering; albedo; cool pavements; cool roofs; energy savings; simulations

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APA (6^th Edition):

Rosado, P. J. (2016). Evaluating Cool Impervious Surfaces: Application to an Energy-Efficient Residential Roof and to City Pavements. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6bf80485

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rosado, Pablo Javier. “Evaluating Cool Impervious Surfaces: Application to an Energy-Efficient Residential Roof and to City Pavements.” 2016. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6bf80485.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rosado, Pablo Javier. “Evaluating Cool Impervious Surfaces: Application to an Energy-Efficient Residential Roof and to City Pavements.” 2016. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Rosado PJ. Evaluating Cool Impervious Surfaces: Application to an Energy-Efficient Residential Roof and to City Pavements. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6bf80485.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Rosado PJ. Evaluating Cool Impervious Surfaces: Application to an Energy-Efficient Residential Roof and to City Pavements. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2016. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6bf80485

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

North-West University

10. Schroeder, Frederick William. Energy efficiency opportunities in mine compressed air systems / F.W. Schroeder .

Degree: 2009, North-West University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4913

► Demand Side Management (DSM) is one of the most viable and sustainable short term methods to address the shortfall in electricity generation in South Africa.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Compressed air systems; Compressors; Demand side management; Energy savings; Energy efficiency

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Schroeder, F. W. (2009). Energy efficiency opportunities in mine compressed air systems / F.W. Schroeder . (Thesis). North-West University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4913

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Schroeder, Frederick William. “Energy efficiency opportunities in mine compressed air systems / F.W. Schroeder .” 2009. Thesis, North-West University. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4913.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Schroeder, Frederick William. “Energy efficiency opportunities in mine compressed air systems / F.W. Schroeder .” 2009. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Schroeder FW. Energy efficiency opportunities in mine compressed air systems / F.W. Schroeder . [Internet] [Thesis]. North-West University; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4913.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Schroeder FW. Energy efficiency opportunities in mine compressed air systems / F.W. Schroeder . [Thesis]. North-West University; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4913

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

11. Helin, Johan. Energy savings and CO2 emissions related to measures on an old apartment building.

Degree: Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, 2020, Luleå University of Technology

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79270

► There is a clear focus on the environmental question in today’s society. The awareness of energy consumption and emission of greenhouse gases is growing… (more)

▼ There is a clear focus on the environmental question in today’s society. The awareness of energy consumption and emission of greenhouse gases is growing which causes the urge to increase energy eﬃciency and decrease the emissions. This is applied in all sectors, housing being one of them.Approximately a ﬁfth of the entire energy consumption in Sweden accounts for hot water supply and heating of all housing and facilities. About half of all housing in Sweden consist of apartment building’s. A third of the global emission of greenhouse gases is related to the building sector. This motivates a focus on energy saving measures in the housing sector and especially apartment buildings.In this report the consequences, regarding energy savings, economic proﬁtability and emission of CO2 equivalents, of implementing energy saving measures on an old apartment building have been investigated. The energy saving measures that have been considered are Additional insulation of attic, Additional insulation of external wall, New windows and balcony doors and FTX. The reference building that has been considered in this project is a light weight concrete apartment building with brick facade which was constructed in Stockholm 1948. It has 3 ﬂoors, a basement and a total of 12 apartments. This project has been preformed in cooperation with AB Familjebost¨ader.The results regarding energy savings have been brought through energy simulations in the software IDA ICE. The reference building was constructed in the software and simulations were done for each energy saving measure. Another simulation was done combining the measures Additional insulation of external wall and New windows and balcony doors and one simulation combining all measures. A reference simulation was also done to validate that the model building is representative to the reference building.The economic proﬁtability and payback time was calculated, using the net present value method considering the discount rate of 4% and the lifetime of 40 years, for each measure and combined measures. The emissions of CO2 equivalents related to the material used for each energy saving measure were calculated. Additionally, the emissions related to consumption of electricity and district heating were calculated, considering three diﬀerent district heating suppliers. With these numbers the total amount of avoided emissions due to a measure could be calculated.According to the simulation results Insulation of attic had the lowest energy saving with 3.34% and New windows and balcony doors had the largest energy saving with 27.49%. The total energy saving reached 68.51% when implementing all measures. According to the economic calculations only Insulation of attic is proﬁtable with a payback time of 8.42 years. But the measures New windows and balcony doors and FTX might be proﬁtable if the reference building’s increased value, due to implementation of the measure, is considered. The calculations of the emissions of CO2 equivalents suggests that all measures imply avoided emissions if the…

Subjects/Keywords: energy; savings; emission; CO2; apartment building; measures; Energy Engineering; Energiteknik

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Helin, J. (2020). Energy savings and CO2 emissions related to measures on an old apartment building. (Thesis). Luleå University of Technology. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79270

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Helin, Johan. “Energy savings and CO2 emissions related to measures on an old apartment building.” 2020. Thesis, Luleå University of Technology. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79270.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Helin, Johan. “Energy savings and CO2 emissions related to measures on an old apartment building.” 2020. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Helin J. Energy savings and CO2 emissions related to measures on an old apartment building. [Internet] [Thesis]. Luleå University of Technology; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79270.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Helin J. Energy savings and CO2 emissions related to measures on an old apartment building. [Thesis]. Luleå University of Technology; 2020. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79270

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Georgia Tech

12. Chavarria Reyes, Elias. Energy modeling and analysis in heterogeneous cellular systems.

Degree: PhD, Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2014, Georgia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54299

► The objective of this thesis is to model and analyze the energy consumption in heterogeneous cellular systems and develop techniques to minimize it. First, the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Cellular networks; Energy efficiency; Energy savings; Heterogeneous cellular networks

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chavarria Reyes, E. (2014). Energy modeling and analysis in heterogeneous cellular systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54299

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chavarria Reyes, Elias. “Energy modeling and analysis in heterogeneous cellular systems.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54299.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chavarria Reyes, Elias. “Energy modeling and analysis in heterogeneous cellular systems.” 2014. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Chavarria Reyes E. Energy modeling and analysis in heterogeneous cellular systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54299.

Council of Science Editors:

Chavarria Reyes E. Energy modeling and analysis in heterogeneous cellular systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54299

University of North Texas

13. Traylor, Caleb. Investigation on the Effects of Indoor Temperature Modulations on Building Energy Usage and Human Thermal Comfort.

Degree: 2017, University of North Texas

URL: https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984201/

► Energy efficiency in the operation of buildings is becoming increasingly important with a growing emphasis on sustainability and reducing environmental impacts of irresponsible energy usage.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Energy savings; Thermal comfort; Alliesthesia; Human behavior; Building energy; Engineering, Mechanical

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APA (6^th Edition):

Traylor, C. (2017). Investigation on the Effects of Indoor Temperature Modulations on Building Energy Usage and Human Thermal Comfort. (Thesis). University of North Texas. Retrieved from https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984201/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Traylor, Caleb. “Investigation on the Effects of Indoor Temperature Modulations on Building Energy Usage and Human Thermal Comfort.” 2017. Thesis, University of North Texas. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984201/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Traylor, Caleb. “Investigation on the Effects of Indoor Temperature Modulations on Building Energy Usage and Human Thermal Comfort.” 2017. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Traylor C. Investigation on the Effects of Indoor Temperature Modulations on Building Energy Usage and Human Thermal Comfort. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Texas; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984201/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Traylor C. Investigation on the Effects of Indoor Temperature Modulations on Building Energy Usage and Human Thermal Comfort. [Thesis]. University of North Texas; 2017. Available from: https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984201/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

14. Kasolas, Kosmas. Energy savings in multi-family building after using an innovative retrofitting package.

Degree: Energy Technology, 2020, Dalarna University

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-34508

► The building sector is one of the sectors that consume the most energy in Sweden. In order to deal with this problem Swedish government… (more)

▼ The building sector is one of the sectors that consume the most energy in Sweden. In order to deal with this problem Swedish government aims to reduce the energy consumption in the building sector 50% by 2050. Another ambitious goal set by the Swedish government is zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2040. Most of the buildings in Sweden were built during 1950-1990 before the first energy regulations were voted in Europe. A high percentage of these buildings date to 1950 and the majority of them are multi family buildings. Apartments built during this period are now requiring major renovation and retrofitting measures in order to comply with the energy and indoor environment regulations. Despite the urgent need for retrofitting expressed above, the retrofitting ratio in Sweden was 0.88% in 2013, so the number of buildings that haven’t gone through any energy retrofitting is still high making it clear that the biggest opportunity for energy savings lies within the existing building stock and that the retrofitting ratio has to enhance in order to achieve the governments energy and emission goals for 2050. In this study a new patented innovative energy retrofitting method is studied within IDAICE simulation program in order to find the heat load and the energy savings after applying this method. The simulated building is a three story multi family building with building characteristics from 1950 and the simulation takes place in two different climate zones (Stockholm and Umeå). Three different insulation thicknesses were tested creating three different variant cases in order to investigate the difference in energy savings an increase of the insulation thickness will bring. This retrofitting method except installation of extra facade insulation includes roof insulation, replacement of the air handling unit with heat recovery ventilation whose pipe system runs through the insulation behind the radiators of each zone and replacement of the old windows with triple glazed low U-value windows. The results show a high reduction in heat supplied after the retrofit, 66.4% room unit heat reduction in Stockholm and 59.6% in Umeå and even higher energy reduction 68.3% in Stockholm and 68.9% in Umeå. The CO2 emission reduction was 58.4% in Stockholm and 60.9% in Umeå. The difference in room unit heat, energy consumption and CO2 emissions among the Variant cases varies between 1-2%. The explanation for such a small difference lies in the fact that the only difference among these cases is the insulation thickness of the facade. The thermal comfort was also investigated and has shown an increase in hours of dissatisfaction after the retrofitting and as the insulation increased due to overheating. However it must be stated here that the reason behind the increase in dissatisfaction is that no window shading or window opening schedules were taken into account in the simulation maximizing the solar heat gains of the building. The study concludes that the studied retrofitting method is very efficient and the…

Subjects/Keywords: Energy savings; retrofitting; energy efficient measures; thermal insulation; multi family building; Energy Engineering; Energiteknik

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kasolas, K. (2020). Energy savings in multi-family building after using an innovative retrofitting package. (Thesis). Dalarna University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-34508

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kasolas, Kosmas. “Energy savings in multi-family building after using an innovative retrofitting package.” 2020. Thesis, Dalarna University. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-34508.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kasolas, Kosmas. “Energy savings in multi-family building after using an innovative retrofitting package.” 2020. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kasolas K. Energy savings in multi-family building after using an innovative retrofitting package. [Internet] [Thesis]. Dalarna University; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-34508.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kasolas K. Energy savings in multi-family building after using an innovative retrofitting package. [Thesis]. Dalarna University; 2020. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-34508

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

15. Miguéis, Francisco Miguel de Albuquerque Gascon. Condução de auditorias energéticas no setor industrial : caso de estudo prático.

Degree: 2018, Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa

URL: https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:repositorio.ipl.pt:10400.21/8609

►

Trabalho final de mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

O setor Industrial é um dos principais consumidores de energia a nível… (more)

▼

Trabalho final de mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

O setor Industrial é um dos principais consumidores de energia a nível mundial e Portugal não é exceção neste campo. Numa época onde a questão da competitividade entre empresas é cada vez maior, a fatura energética constitui uma parcela bastante representativa na estrutura de custos corporativa de uma instalação. Por outro lado, a política energética mundial enfrenta hoje o enorme desafio de inverter o rumo dos acontecimentos no que diz respeito à poluição e alterações climáticas, tentando cumprir com as diretrizes definidas no COP21, “Acordo de Paris”. Torna-se assim absolutamente fundamental o conceito de racionalização da energia, tanto em termos de produção, como a nível de consumo. Neste âmbito, uma das principais medidas tomadas no sentido de promover a eficiência energética na indústria foi a obrigatoriedade de realização de auditorias energéticas em Portugal, para grandes consumidores de energia, abrangidos pelo Sistema de Gestão dos Consumos Intensivos de Energia (SGCIE). O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no âmbito de um estágio de natureza profissional realizado na empresa CCEnergia, Auditoria e Consultoria Energética, Lda. É pretendido realizar uma caracterização global da condução de auditorias energéticas no setor industrial Português, tendo como caso de estudo a empresa de acolhimento do estágio. O estudo efetuado visa, acima de tudo, fornecer uma perspetiva global de toda a cadeia de processos relacionada com as fases de pré-auditoria (Dinâmica Comercial), auditora e pós-auditoria (Medição & Verificação), integrando a componente de engenharia, com a vertente de análise económica de medidas de eficiência energética. O documento culmina, com a apresentação de um caso prático, onde se podem aferir as vantagens reais de um projeto de eficiência energética, aplicado numa unidade industrial.

Industrial sector is one of the main consumers of the world energy matrix and Portugal is no exception in this field. Competitiveness between enterprises is increasing, and the energy bill is a very representative part of the corporate cost structure of an industrial plant. On the other hand, global energy policy, faces today the big challenge of reversing the course of events regarding climate change, trying to comply with the guidelines defined in COP21, the Paris Agreement. The concept of energy saving, both in terms of production and consumption, is thus absolutely important. In this context, one of the main measures taken to promote energy efficiency in industry was the obligation to carry out energy audits in Portugal for large energy consumers, covered by the Energy Intensive Consumption Management System (SGCIE). This work was developed within the scope of a professional internship at the company CCEnergia, Auditoria e Consultoria Energética,…

Advisors/Committee Members: Rodrigues, Filipe Martins, Lima, Pedro.

Subjects/Keywords: Eficiência energética; Auditorias energéticas; Indústria; Economia de energia; Energy efficiency; Energy audits; Industry; Energy savings

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Miguéis, F. M. d. A. G. (2018). Condução de auditorias energéticas no setor industrial : caso de estudo prático. (Thesis). Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa. Retrieved from https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:repositorio.ipl.pt:10400.21/8609

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Miguéis, Francisco Miguel de Albuquerque Gascon. “Condução de auditorias energéticas no setor industrial : caso de estudo prático.” 2018. Thesis, Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:repositorio.ipl.pt:10400.21/8609.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Miguéis, Francisco Miguel de Albuquerque Gascon. “Condução de auditorias energéticas no setor industrial : caso de estudo prático.” 2018. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Miguéis FMdAG. Condução de auditorias energéticas no setor industrial : caso de estudo prático. [Internet] [Thesis]. Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:repositorio.ipl.pt:10400.21/8609.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Miguéis FMdAG. Condução de auditorias energéticas no setor industrial : caso de estudo prático. [Thesis]. Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa; 2018. Available from: https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:repositorio.ipl.pt:10400.21/8609

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Brno University of Technology

16. Kovář, Štěpán. Zvyšování energetické účinnosti v průmyslu: Improving energy efficiency in industry.

Degree: 2020, Brno University of Technology

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/191926

► This Bachelor Thesis deals with the increase in energy efficiency in industry. The energy consumption is globally one of the cardinal topics. A significant part… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: energetická účinnost; úspory energie; energetický audit; energy efficiency; energy savings; energy audit

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kovář, �. (2020). Zvyšování energetické účinnosti v průmyslu: Improving energy efficiency in industry. (Thesis). Brno University of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11012/191926

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kovář, Štěpán. “Zvyšování energetické účinnosti v průmyslu: Improving energy efficiency in industry.” 2020. Thesis, Brno University of Technology. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11012/191926.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kovář, Štěpán. “Zvyšování energetické účinnosti v průmyslu: Improving energy efficiency in industry.” 2020. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kovář �. Zvyšování energetické účinnosti v průmyslu: Improving energy efficiency in industry. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/191926.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kovář �. Zvyšování energetické účinnosti v průmyslu: Improving energy efficiency in industry. [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/191926

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul

17. Stangherlin, Kleber Hugo. Energy and speed exploration in digital CMOS circuits in the near-threshold regime for very-wide voltage-frequency scaling.

Degree: 2013, Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/96974

►

This thesis assesses the benefits and drawbacks associated with a very wide range of frequency when operation at near-threshold is considered. Scaling down the supply… (more)

▼

This thesis assesses the benefits and drawbacks associated with a very wide range of frequency when operation at near-threshold is considered. Scaling down the supply voltage in digital CMOS circuits presents great benefits in terms of power reduction. Such scaling comes with a performance penalty, hence in digital synchronous circuits the reduction in frequency of operation follows, for a given circuit layout, the VDD reduction. Minimum-energy operation of digital CMOS circuits is commonly associated to the sub-VT regime, carrying huge performance and variability penalties. This thesis shows that it is possible to achieve 8X higher energy-efficiency with a very-wide range of dynamic voltage-frequency scaling, from nominal voltages down to the lower boundary of near-VT operation. As part of this study, a CMOS digital cell-library for such wide range of frequencies was developed. The cell-library is exercised in a 65nm commercial PDK and targets near-VT operation, mitigating the variability effects without compromising the design in terms of area and energy at strong inversion. For near-VT or sub-VT operation the cells have to be designed with few stacked transistors. Our study shows that acceptable performance in terms of static-noise margins is obtained for a constrained set of cells, for which a maximum of 2-stacked transistors are allowed. In this set we include master-slave registers. We report results for medium complexity designs which include a 25kgates notch filter, a 20kgates 8051 compatible core, and 4-combinational/4-sequential ISCAS benchmark circuits. In this work the maximum frequency attainable at each supply for a wide variation of voltage is studied from 150mV up to nominal voltage (1.2V). The sub-VT operation is shown to hold the minimum energy-point at roughly 0.29V, which represents a 2X energy-saving compared to the near-VT regime. Although energy-efficiency peaks in sub-VT for the circuits studied, we also show that in this ultra-low VDD the circuit timing and power suffer from substantially increased variability impact and a 30X performance drawback, with respect to near-VT.

Esta tese avalia os benefícios e desafios associados com a operação em uma ampla faixa de frequências e tensões próximas ao limiar do transistor. A diminuição da tensão de alimentação em circuitos digitais CMOS apresenta grandes vantagens em termos de potência consumida pelo circuito. Esta diminuição da potência é acompanhada por uma redução da performance, reflexo da diminuição na tensão de alimentação. A operação de circuitos digitais no ponto de energia mínima é comumente associada ao regime de operação abaixo do limiar do transistor, trazendo enormes penalidades em performance e variabilidade. Esta dissertação mostra que é possível obter 8X mais eficiência energética com uma ampla faixa dinâmica de tensão e frequência, da tensão nominal até o limite inferior da operação próximo ao limiar do transistor. Como parte deste estudo, uma biblioteca de células digitais CMOS para esta ampla faixa de frequências foi…

Advisors/Committee Members: Bampi, Sergio.

Subjects/Keywords: Voltage-frequency scaling; Microeletrônica; Energy-efficiency; Cmos; Power savings; Near-threshold

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Stangherlin, K. H. (2013). Energy and speed exploration in digital CMOS circuits in the near-threshold regime for very-wide voltage-frequency scaling. (Thesis). Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10183/96974

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Stangherlin, Kleber Hugo. “Energy and speed exploration in digital CMOS circuits in the near-threshold regime for very-wide voltage-frequency scaling.” 2013. Thesis, Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/96974.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Stangherlin, Kleber Hugo. “Energy and speed exploration in digital CMOS circuits in the near-threshold regime for very-wide voltage-frequency scaling.” 2013. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Stangherlin KH. Energy and speed exploration in digital CMOS circuits in the near-threshold regime for very-wide voltage-frequency scaling. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/96974.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Stangherlin KH. Energy and speed exploration in digital CMOS circuits in the near-threshold regime for very-wide voltage-frequency scaling. [Thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/96974

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Pretoria

18. [No author]. Optimising shaft pressure losses through computational fluid dynamic modelling .

Degree: 2012, University of Pretoria

URL: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10042012-112333/

► As a result of the rising electrical energy costs in South Africa, a method was sought to reduce the overall electrical consumption of typical shaft… (more)

▼ As a result of the rising electrical energy costs in South Africa, a method was sought to reduce the overall electrical consumption of typical shaft systems. A typical shaft configuration was analysed and the primary energy consumers were identified. The ventilation fans for this system were found to consume a total of 15% of the total energy of the shaft system. It was calculated that more than 50% of this energy is consumed by the shaft itself, more specifically by the pressure losses that occur in the shaft as the ventilation air passes through it. It was recognised that there was therefore an opportunity to achieve an energy savings and therefore a costs savings in the total cost of operating a shaft system by reducing the overall resistance of the equipped downcast shaft. However, before any work could continue in this regard, the results noted above required validation. This was achieved though the comprehensive evaluation of the Impala14 Shaft system. This system was tested and the pressure losses noted in the calculations were verified. In order to ensure that the theory being used was accurate, the next step was to evaluate a number of shafts both from a theoretical perspective by measuring the real shaft pressure losses against time. This was done and a total of five shafts were instrumented and the actual pressure losses over the shaft plotted against time. These shafts were then subjected to a theoretical evaluation using the theory as described by McPherson in 1987. Finally, in order to ensure a thorough understanding of the behaviour of the ventilation air in shaft systems, the systems were simulated using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) techniques. On the whole there was not a good correlation between the tests and either the theoretical calculations or the CFD simulations. This was attributed to the general imperfections in the shaft and the difficulty in obtaining exact values for the drag coefficients of the buntons. These differences highlight the difficulty in modeling the non-homogenous physical environment and providing a factor that can be used to ensure that the theoretical designs are aligned with the physical reality. This factor is approximately 30%. There were also significant discrepancies between the theoretical analysis and the CFD simulation during the initial comparisons. This discrepancy reduced as the complexity of the CFD models increased, until, when the complete shaft was modeled using the full buntons sets, the pipes and the flanges, the difference between the theoretical evaluation and the CFD simulation was small. The result demonstrates that the theory is insufficient and that the inter-related effect of the buntons and fittings has not been fully appreciated. The current theory however has been developed using drag coefficients and interference factors for the buntons sets which have been taken from measurements of similar configurations. This does account for the relative accuracy of the current theory in that there is little difference between the CFD result and that of… Advisors/Committee Members: Prof R C W Webber-Youngman (advisor), Prof J P Meyer (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Ventilation flow; Pressure losses; Bunton configuration; Energy savings; UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2012). Optimising shaft pressure losses through computational fluid dynamic modelling . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10042012-112333/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “Optimising shaft pressure losses through computational fluid dynamic modelling .” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pretoria. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10042012-112333/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “Optimising shaft pressure losses through computational fluid dynamic modelling .” 2012. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

author] [. Optimising shaft pressure losses through computational fluid dynamic modelling . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10042012-112333/.

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. Optimising shaft pressure losses through computational fluid dynamic modelling . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2012. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10042012-112333/

Universiteit Utrecht

19. Tselekis, K. Energy savings potential from simple standby reduction devices in the Netherlands.

Degree: 2013, Universiteit Utrecht

URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/261940

► In the last decades new lifestyle trends led to a high proliferation rate of domestic appliances that raises overall standby energy consumption. This study investigates… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geowetenschappen; energy savings, standby consumption, standby reduction devices

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tselekis, K. (2013). Energy savings potential from simple standby reduction devices in the Netherlands. (Masters Thesis). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/261940

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tselekis, K. “Energy savings potential from simple standby reduction devices in the Netherlands.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/261940.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tselekis, K. “Energy savings potential from simple standby reduction devices in the Netherlands.” 2013. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Tselekis K. Energy savings potential from simple standby reduction devices in the Netherlands. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/261940.

Council of Science Editors:

Tselekis K. Energy savings potential from simple standby reduction devices in the Netherlands. [Masters Thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2013. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/261940

Texas A&M University

20. Almehizia, Abdullah Abdulaziz M. A Smart Grid Approach to Sustainable Power System Integration.

Degree: PhD, Electrical Engineering, 2018, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173662

► Many factors can be identified for faster incorporation of renewable energy resources to displace the traditional fossil fuel energy sources. These factors are divided into… (more)

▼ Many factors can be identified for faster incorporation of renewable energy resources to displace the traditional fossil fuel energy sources. These factors are divided into three different aspects. First is the rapid decline of the cost of renewable energy sources and their associated components. The second factor can be attributed to the increasing pressure to transition from fossil-fuel energy sources which have detrimental environmental effects towards more sustainable energy source. A third aspect can be introduced in countries which are blessed with an enormous amount of fossil fuel resources, where the preservation of these limited natural resources is of paramount importance to the country that holds it. The dissertation includes the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as the primary case study. However, the algorithm developed is applicable for other geographical locations which share similarities to the kingdom. The kingdom is considered to be one of the countries with an abundance of fossil-fuel reserves. The unique features of Saudi Arabia are primarily the availability of solar radiation and wind speed as well as high percentage of electrical loads which can be controlled such as energy-intensive desalination plants. This feature, in particular, provides a significant driver for renewables to penetrate the electricity generation mixture. With loads that are deferrable, the issue of renewable sources variability can be mitigated and reduced with an optimized operation strategy. Therefore, the research tends to define and model electrical loads by how susceptible they are to the time of service. The types of loads considered are summarized as non-deferrable such as typical electrical loads in which the demand must be satisfied instantly, semi-deferrable loads which they share the same features as the non-deferrable, however, a storage medium is available to store energy products for later usage. This category of loads is represented by a water desalination plant with a water tank storage. The final load model is the fully deferrable load which is flexible in regarding time of service, and this type of load can be represented by an industrial production factory, such as a steel or aluminum plants. The concept of value storage is introduced, where energy can be stored in different forms which are quite different from a typical storage component (i.e., batteries). The justification to start increasing the penetration of renewable sources into the existing grid in countries which have abundant fossil fuel might not be evident. However, the dissertation provides both economical as well as environmental justifications and incentives to approach more sustainable energy sources. The economical and technical evaluation is referred to as the Generation Expansion Planning (GEP). This type of problem is associated with high complexity and non-linearity. Therefore, computational intelligence based optimization methods are used to resolve these issues. Heuristic optimization methodologies are utilized to solve the developed problem… Advisors/Committee Members: Ehsani, Mehrdad (Mark) (advisor), Singh, Chanan (committee member), Kish, Lazlo B. (committee member), Kim, Won-Jong (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Renewable energy; load model; heuristic methods; cost savings

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Almehizia, A. A. M. (2018). A Smart Grid Approach to Sustainable Power System Integration. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173662

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Almehizia, Abdullah Abdulaziz M. “A Smart Grid Approach to Sustainable Power System Integration.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173662.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Almehizia, Abdullah Abdulaziz M. “A Smart Grid Approach to Sustainable Power System Integration.” 2018. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Almehizia AAM. A Smart Grid Approach to Sustainable Power System Integration. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173662.

Council of Science Editors:

Almehizia AAM. A Smart Grid Approach to Sustainable Power System Integration. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173662

University of Pretoria

21. Kempson, William James. Optimising shaft pressure losses through computational fluid dynamic modelling.

Degree: Mining Engineering, 2012, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28414

► As a result of the rising electrical energy costs in South Africa, a method was sought to reduce the overall electrical consumption of typical shaft… (more)

▼ As a result of the rising electrical energy costs in South Africa, a method was sought to reduce the overall electrical consumption of typical shaft systems. A typical shaft configuration was analysed and the primary energy consumers were identified. The ventilation fans for this system were found to consume a total of 15% of the total energy of the shaft system. It was calculated that more than 50% of this energy is consumed by the shaft itself, more specifically by the pressure losses that occur in the shaft as the ventilation air passes through it. It was recognised that there was therefore an opportunity to achieve an energy savings and therefore a costs savings in the total cost of operating a shaft system by reducing the overall resistance of the equipped downcast shaft. However, before any work could continue in this regard, the results noted above required validation. This was achieved though the comprehensive evaluation of the Impala14 Shaft system. This system was tested and the pressure losses noted in the calculations were verified. In order to ensure that the theory being used was accurate, the next step was to evaluate a number of shafts both from a theoretical perspective by measuring the real shaft pressure losses against time. This was done and a total of five shafts were instrumented and the actual pressure losses over the shaft plotted against time. These shafts were then subjected to a theoretical evaluation using the theory as described by McPherson in 1987. Finally, in order to ensure a thorough understanding of the behaviour of the ventilation air in shaft systems, the systems were simulated using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) techniques. On the whole there was not a good correlation between the tests and either the theoretical calculations or the CFD simulations. This was attributed to the general imperfections in the shaft and the difficulty in obtaining exact values for the drag coefficients of the buntons. These differences highlight the difficulty in modeling the non-homogenous physical environment and providing a factor that can be used to ensure that the theoretical designs are aligned with the physical reality. This factor is approximately 30%. There were also significant discrepancies between the theoretical analysis and the CFD simulation during the initial comparisons. This discrepancy reduced as the complexity of the CFD models increased, until, when the complete shaft was modeled using the full buntons sets, the pipes and the flanges, the difference between the theoretical evaluation and the CFD simulation was small. The result demonstrates that the theory is insufficient and that the inter-related effect of the buntons and fittings has not been fully appreciated. The current theory however has been developed using drag coefficients and interference factors for the buntons sets which have been taken from measurements of similar configurations. This does account for the relative accuracy of the current theory in that there is little difference between the CFD result and that of… Advisors/Committee Members: Prof R C W Webber-Youngman (advisor), Prof J P Meyer (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Ventilation flow; Pressure losses; Bunton configuration; Energy savings; UCTD

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kempson, W. (2012). Optimising shaft pressure losses through computational fluid dynamic modelling. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28414

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kempson, William. “Optimising shaft pressure losses through computational fluid dynamic modelling.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pretoria. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28414.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kempson, William. “Optimising shaft pressure losses through computational fluid dynamic modelling.” 2012. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kempson W. Optimising shaft pressure losses through computational fluid dynamic modelling. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28414.

Council of Science Editors:

Kempson W. Optimising shaft pressure losses through computational fluid dynamic modelling. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28414

Naval Postgraduate School

22. President, Wai. An analysis of the United States Air Force Energy Saving Performance Contracts .

Degree: Graduate School of Business & Public Policy (GSBPP), 2007, Naval Postgraduate School

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10945/38043

► The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of Enerrgy Saving Performance Contracts (ESPC) within the Department of Defense, focusing on the United… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Energy Savings Performance Contract

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

President, W. (2007). An analysis of the United States Air Force Energy Saving Performance Contracts . (Thesis). Naval Postgraduate School. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10945/38043

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

President, Wai. “An analysis of the United States Air Force Energy Saving Performance Contracts .” 2007. Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/38043.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

President, Wai. “An analysis of the United States Air Force Energy Saving Performance Contracts .” 2007. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

President W. An analysis of the United States Air Force Energy Saving Performance Contracts . [Internet] [Thesis]. Naval Postgraduate School; 2007. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10945/38043.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

President W. An analysis of the United States Air Force Energy Saving Performance Contracts . [Thesis]. Naval Postgraduate School; 2007. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10945/38043

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

North-West University

23. Van Tonder, Adriaan Jacobus Marthinus. Sustaining compressed air DSM project savings using an air leakage management system / A.J.M. van Tonder .

Degree: 2010, North-West University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4458

► Unreliable and unsustainable electricity supply has been experienced in South Africa since 2007. Eskom implemented Demand Side Management (DSM) as a short-term solution to alleviate… (more)

▼ Unreliable and unsustainable electricity supply has been experienced in South Africa since 2007. Eskom implemented Demand Side Management (DSM) as a short-term solution to alleviate this problem. Several compressed-air DSM projects were implemented to help reduce the strain on the electrical network. Compressed air is an integral part of production in deep-level mining, and is extensively utilised. Problems are encountered with the effective management and repairing of leaks, since the majority of mines have little to no procedures in place for leak management. Awareness of the condition of the compressed-air system and leaks needed to be created at management level in order to achieve the best results. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of proper leak management on compressed-air systems in the mining industry. Peak-clipping DSM projects implemented in the mining industry were used for evaluation of results. Contribution to the sustainability of compressed-air DSM projects savings through successful leak documentation was the prime focus of this study. This was achieved through the development of a Compressed Air Leakage Documentation System (CALDS). This entailed the electronic field-data capture and record keeping of field data, using rugged PDA devices suitable for the extreme environmental conditions encountered in deep-level mining. Report generation on the status of detected leaks created awareness of compressedair- system performance and leak-repair tracking at management level. Audible detection was sufficient for this study, since the focus was on the larger more-severe leaks. Leaks were expressed in monetary terms to indicate the severity. It was found that successful management of leaks could contribute to an increase of as much as 85% in project savings. The results also showed that creating awareness through documentation of leaks, and the effect this has on the system, resulted in regular repairing of these leaks. Sustainability of projects was maintained during an evaluation period of ten months, with projects achieving on average 125% of target savings. The study showed that effective reporting on compressed-air leaks resulted in increased system efficiency and sustainable DSM project savings. It was also seen that leak detection by outsourced companies did not necessarily result in financial savings. When the mine took responsibility for its own leak detection and repairs, significant savings were realised.

Subjects/Keywords: Compressed air; DSM; Leakage detection; Sustainability; Project savings; Reporting; Energy efficiency

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Van Tonder, A. J. M. (2010). Sustaining compressed air DSM project savings using an air leakage management system / A.J.M. van Tonder . (Thesis). North-West University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4458

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Van Tonder, Adriaan Jacobus Marthinus. “Sustaining compressed air DSM project savings using an air leakage management system / A.J.M. van Tonder .” 2010. Thesis, North-West University. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4458.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Van Tonder, Adriaan Jacobus Marthinus. “Sustaining compressed air DSM project savings using an air leakage management system / A.J.M. van Tonder .” 2010. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Van Tonder AJM. Sustaining compressed air DSM project savings using an air leakage management system / A.J.M. van Tonder . [Internet] [Thesis]. North-West University; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4458.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Van Tonder AJM. Sustaining compressed air DSM project savings using an air leakage management system / A.J.M. van Tonder . [Thesis]. North-West University; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4458

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Linköping University

24. Thomasson, Anton. Measuring energy consumption characteristics in mobile data communication.

Degree: Computer and Information Science, 2011, Linköping University

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71954

► This report looks at the modern cellular wireless network environment and the factors of energy consumption therein. The consumption of connectivity re- lated hardware… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: WCDMA 3G Power consumption Energy savings; Computer Engineering; Datorteknik

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Thomasson, A. (2011). Measuring energy consumption characteristics in mobile data communication. (Thesis). Linköping University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71954

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Thomasson, Anton. “Measuring energy consumption characteristics in mobile data communication.” 2011. Thesis, Linköping University. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71954.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Thomasson, Anton. “Measuring energy consumption characteristics in mobile data communication.” 2011. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Thomasson A. Measuring energy consumption characteristics in mobile data communication. [Internet] [Thesis]. Linköping University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71954.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Thomasson A. Measuring energy consumption characteristics in mobile data communication. [Thesis]. Linköping University; 2011. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71954

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Victoria University of Wellington

25. Alexander, Georgia. Energy saving potential of occupancy sensors in intermittent-use space types.

Degree: 2020, Victoria University of Wellington

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/9292

► For decades, studies have been suggesting the idea of occupancy sensors in intermittent use spaces for energy savings. This work investigates the potential energy savings… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Occupancy sensors; Lighting; Intermittent-use space types; Energy Savings

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Alexander, G. (2020). Energy saving potential of occupancy sensors in intermittent-use space types. (Masters Thesis). Victoria University of Wellington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10063/9292

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Alexander, Georgia. “Energy saving potential of occupancy sensors in intermittent-use space types.” 2020. Masters Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/9292.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Alexander, Georgia. “Energy saving potential of occupancy sensors in intermittent-use space types.” 2020. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Alexander G. Energy saving potential of occupancy sensors in intermittent-use space types. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/9292.

Council of Science Editors:

Alexander G. Energy saving potential of occupancy sensors in intermittent-use space types. [Masters Thesis]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/9292

University of Louisville

26. Zwanzig, Stephen David. Numerical simulation of phase change material composite wallboard in a multi-layered building envelope.

Degree: M. Eng., 2012, University of Louisville

URL: 10.18297/etd/1655 ; https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/1655

► Residential buildings account for a large portion of total energy consumption in the United States. Residential energy usage can be dramatically reduced by improving the… (more)

▼ Residential buildings account for a large portion of total energy consumption in the United States. Residential energy usage can be dramatically reduced by improving the efficiency of building envelope systems. One such method is to incorporate thermally massive construction materials into the building envelope. This benefits building operation by reducing the energy requirement for maintaining thermal comfort, downsizing the AC/heating equipment, and shifting the time of the peak load on the electrical grid. Phase change materials (PCMs) are promising material for that purpose. When impregnated or encapsulated into wallboard or concrete systems, PCMs can greatly enhance their thermal energy storage capacity and effective thermal mass. In this work, a numerical study is conducted to investigate the characteristics of PCMs in building applications. For that purpose a one-dimensional, transient heat equation for a multilayered building envelope is solved using the Crank-Nicolson scheme. The effect of PCM is modeled with a latent heat source term. The code also incorporates sun loading and uses real weather data. Using this code a PCM composite wallboard incorporated into the walls and roof of a residential building was examined. The PCM performance was studied under all seasonal conditions using TMY3 data for exterior boundary conditions. Comparisons were made between different PCM wallboard locations. This work shows that there is an optimized location for PCM placement within building envelope and the location depends on the thermal resistance of the layers between the PCM and the exterior boundary. The energy savings potential was identified by comparing the performance of the PCM wallboard with the performance of a building envelope without PCM. This work shows that a PCM composite wallboard enhanced building can reduce the annual cooling load from the walls by as much as 19.7% and from the roof by as much as 8.1%. Similarly, the annual heating loads can be reduced by as much as 6% and 6.4% for the walls and roof respectively. It was also shown that the peak electricity load can be shifted by as much as three hours in the summer for a south facing wall. Studies are also conducted to compare the PCM performance across three climate zones. This work shows that PCM performance varies significantly across these zones. Advisors/Committee Members: Lian, Yongsheng.

Subjects/Keywords: PCM; Energy savings; Peak load shift; Building envelope

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zwanzig, S. D. (2012). Numerical simulation of phase change material composite wallboard in a multi-layered building envelope. (Masters Thesis). University of Louisville. Retrieved from 10.18297/etd/1655 ; https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/1655

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zwanzig, Stephen David. “Numerical simulation of phase change material composite wallboard in a multi-layered building envelope.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Louisville. Accessed January 26, 2021. 10.18297/etd/1655 ; https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/1655.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zwanzig, Stephen David. “Numerical simulation of phase change material composite wallboard in a multi-layered building envelope.” 2012. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Zwanzig SD. Numerical simulation of phase change material composite wallboard in a multi-layered building envelope. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Louisville; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: 10.18297/etd/1655 ; https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/1655.

Council of Science Editors:

Zwanzig SD. Numerical simulation of phase change material composite wallboard in a multi-layered building envelope. [Masters Thesis]. University of Louisville; 2012. Available from: 10.18297/etd/1655 ; https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/1655

Delft University of Technology

27. Fuehrer, Eva (author). Framing the Views.

Degree: 2017, Delft University of Technology

URL: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:19964d14-6c1f-4e7e-999b-e7004ebc2883

► The transformation of buildings is one of the main emergent themes in contemporary architecture. This does not only count for monuments, but also for the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: views; embodied energy; reuse; carbon related savings; ERA-buildings

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Fuehrer, E. (. (2017). Framing the Views. (Masters Thesis). Delft University of Technology. Retrieved from http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:19964d14-6c1f-4e7e-999b-e7004ebc2883

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fuehrer, Eva (author). “Framing the Views.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Delft University of Technology. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:19964d14-6c1f-4e7e-999b-e7004ebc2883.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fuehrer, Eva (author). “Framing the Views.” 2017. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Fuehrer E(. Framing the Views. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:19964d14-6c1f-4e7e-999b-e7004ebc2883.

Council of Science Editors:

Fuehrer E(. Framing the Views. [Masters Thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2017. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:19964d14-6c1f-4e7e-999b-e7004ebc2883

North-West University

28. Mulder, Ian. Potential savings when re-instating mine DSM projects / Ian Mulder.

Degree: 2012, North-West University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9798

► The increasing electricity demand in South Africa has lead to a shortage in electricity supply. In response to this problem Eskom has introduced multiple capacity… (more)

▼ The increasing electricity demand in South Africa has lead to a shortage in electricity supply. In response to this problem Eskom has introduced multiple capacity expansion programs. Unfortunately the electricity shortage is expected to continue until Eskom’s capacity expansion programs are completed. Demand Side Management (DSM) is widely accepted as an immediate solution to the high electricity demand of South Africa. Numerous DSM projects implemented by ESCo’s have been successful, but over the years have not been sustainable. Without regular maintenance from the relevant ESCo, many projects have failed to achieve sustainable savings. After the implementation of DSM projects, all installed equipment and software becomes the property of the client. Experience has illustrated that some mines did not always have the expertise or available resources to monitor and maintain the projects. As a result the electrical energy savings of the project would gradually deteriorate. A feasibility study was conducted to determine whether the re-instatement of redundant and debilitated mine DSM projects could be marketed as the “low hanging fruit” of the industry. A key driver for this study, was the fact that costs involved for re-instatement of such DSM projects are generally considerably lower than those of new projects, yet still producing lucrative electricity savings. Three major mining entities discussed in this dissertation have neglected to realise a collaborative cost saving of R 55,5 Million per annum. This loss of opportunity can mainly be attributed to a lack of maintenance and monitoring of operational DSM projects on their mining sites. Three DSM projects related to the water reticulation system of the mine were investigated. It was discerned in all three cases that the successful re-instatement of DSM projects are indeed possible, but only when subjected to continuous monitoring. The maintenance performed on two of the three projects, respectively realised approximately R2,7 Million and R 750 000. This was achieved through the process of load shifting, over a period of one year. Maintenance on the third project realised approximately R1,5 Million through energy efficiency over a three month period. This dissertation illustrates that attractive savings in electricity and cost can be realised when re-instating redundant DSM projects in the mining industry. It also demonstrates the cost and time effectiveness of implementing such projects, compared to the focus on new DSM installations.

Subjects/Keywords: Re-instatement of DSM projects; demand-side management; sustainable energy savings; lucrative electricity savings; maintenance and monitoring

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Mulder, I. (2012). Potential savings when re-instating mine DSM projects / Ian Mulder. (Thesis). North-West University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9798

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mulder, Ian. “Potential savings when re-instating mine DSM projects / Ian Mulder. ” 2012. Thesis, North-West University. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9798.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mulder, Ian. “Potential savings when re-instating mine DSM projects / Ian Mulder. ” 2012. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Mulder I. Potential savings when re-instating mine DSM projects / Ian Mulder. [Internet] [Thesis]. North-West University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9798.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Mulder I. Potential savings when re-instating mine DSM projects / Ian Mulder. [Thesis]. North-West University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9798

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

29. Le, Khoa. Cascade air-to-water heat pump with and without thermal energy storage : a study for UK domestic retrofit.

Degree: PhD, 2020, Ulster University

URL: https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/1484a3f4-22be-49a0-bc0c-dfe250a9f913 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.817582

► Cascade air-to-water heat pumps have better overall efficiency than single-stage air-to-water heat pumps when operating at low ambient temperatures for high temperature water supply. Cascade… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Demand-side management; Carbon savings; TRNSYS; Cost savings; Energy performance; Model validation; Field experiments; Load shifting

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Le, K. (2020). Cascade air-to-water heat pump with and without thermal energy storage : a study for UK domestic retrofit. (Doctoral Dissertation). Ulster University. Retrieved from https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/1484a3f4-22be-49a0-bc0c-dfe250a9f913 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.817582

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Le, Khoa. “Cascade air-to-water heat pump with and without thermal energy storage : a study for UK domestic retrofit.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, Ulster University. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/1484a3f4-22be-49a0-bc0c-dfe250a9f913 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.817582.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Le, Khoa. “Cascade air-to-water heat pump with and without thermal energy storage : a study for UK domestic retrofit.” 2020. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Le K. Cascade air-to-water heat pump with and without thermal energy storage : a study for UK domestic retrofit. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Ulster University; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/1484a3f4-22be-49a0-bc0c-dfe250a9f913 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.817582.

Council of Science Editors:

Le K. Cascade air-to-water heat pump with and without thermal energy storage : a study for UK domestic retrofit. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Ulster University; 2020. Available from: https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/1484a3f4-22be-49a0-bc0c-dfe250a9f913 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.817582

30. Ribeiro, Nuno Filipe dos Santos. Análise energética, otimização e modernização dos sistemas de um grande edifício de serviços na ótica da melhoria da eficiência energética.

Degree: 2015, Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa

URL: https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:repositorio.ipl.pt:10400.21/5545

►

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica Perfil Energia, Refrigeração e Climatização

O presente documento refere-se à auditoria técnica… (more)

▼

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica Perfil Energia, Refrigeração e Climatização

O presente documento refere-se à auditoria técnica com elementos de Análise Energética referente ao Sistema Centralizado AVAC instalado num grande edifício de serviços, do tipo instituição bancária. O documento tem como base trabalhos de campo efetuados e informação relevante tal como faturas de energia elétrica e registos de consumos parciais adquiridos pelo sistema “ISA”. Tem como objetivos a descrição das instalações eletromecânicas, tais como grupos de bombagem de circulação, torre de refrigeração e equipamentos / instalações agregadas ao sistema de AVAC, além da exposição dos consumos energéticos associados ao sistema AVAC. A identificação dos atributos-chave, associados às exigências dos padrões mínimos de climatização e ambiente de conforto, para espaços similares, é outro dos parâmetros focados, tendo presente os imperativos do enquadramento legal em vigor sobre a matéria. É igualmente efetuada a demonstração técnica de que a solução atual serve, com base nas alterações propostas, tendo como base os requisitos energéticos e de conforto impostos pelas exigências atuais das boas regras da arte para a climatização de espaços similares e do cumprimento do enquadramento legal em vigor sobre a matéria. No final, conclui-se que com a introdução de equipamentos e sistemas mais eficientes na instalação, conseguem-se consumos mais reduzidos. A confirmação dos consumos e respetivos custos associados, efetuado através do software de simulação HAP, da Carrier, veio garantir a poupança real que se consegue com a remodelação das instalações, em conjunto com um sistema eficiente de gestão técnica centralizada.

Abstracts: The present document refers to the technical audit with elements of energy analysis for the centralized HVAC system installed in a large bank related building. This document is based on field work carried out and on relevant information such as invoices of electricity and partial consumption records acquired by the "ISA" system. It aims to the electromechanical installations description, such as pumping, cooling Tower and equipment/facilities to HVAC system aggregate, in addition to the energy consumption associated with the HVAC system. The identification of key attributes, associated with the requirements of the minimum standards for air conditioning and comfort environment, for similar spaces, is another of the parameters focused, bearing in mind the imperatives of the legal framework in force on the matter. It is also carried out the technical demonstration of the current solution actually still serves his purpose, on the basis of the amendments proposed, on the basis of the requirement imposed by the current requirements of good manner for similar spaces and HVAC compliance with the legal framework in force on the matter. In the end, it appears that with the…

Advisors/Committee Members: Cardoso, João Antero Nascimento dos Santos.

Subjects/Keywords: Auditoria; AVAC; Simulação Energética; Poupança Energética; Technical audit; HVAC; Energy simulation; Energy savings

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ribeiro, N. F. d. S. (2015). Análise energética, otimização e modernização dos sistemas de um grande edifício de serviços na ótica da melhoria da eficiência energética. (Thesis). Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa. Retrieved from https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:repositorio.ipl.pt:10400.21/5545

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ribeiro, Nuno Filipe dos Santos. “Análise energética, otimização e modernização dos sistemas de um grande edifício de serviços na ótica da melhoria da eficiência energética.” 2015. Thesis, Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:repositorio.ipl.pt:10400.21/5545.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ribeiro, Nuno Filipe dos Santos. “Análise energética, otimização e modernização dos sistemas de um grande edifício de serviços na ótica da melhoria da eficiência energética.” 2015. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ribeiro NFdS. Análise energética, otimização e modernização dos sistemas de um grande edifício de serviços na ótica da melhoria da eficiência energética. [Internet] [Thesis]. Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:repositorio.ipl.pt:10400.21/5545.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ribeiro NFdS. Análise energética, otimização e modernização dos sistemas de um grande edifício de serviços na ótica da melhoria da eficiência energética. [Thesis]. Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa; 2015. Available from: https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:repositorio.ipl.pt:10400.21/5545

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations