▼ Scholars of black/white social relations often cite Frantz Fanon's Black Skin, White Masks for its psychological analysis of the "Fact of Blackness." Attributing this supposed facticity to a fundamental mistranslation of the original French text, this thesis explores the implications of scholar's adherence to Fanon within elements of resistance rhetoric. Moreover, through evocative criticism, this thesis examines Black Skin, White Masks as a phenomenological text whose findings establish communication as a first step to dismantling forms of language that reify social alienation. Alongside rhetorical theories of disalienation, voice, and authentic communication, this thesis applies Fanon's thought to popular understandings of resistance in the academic policy debate community as forwarded by Dr. Shanara Reid-Brinkley. In doing so, it challenges her conception of whiteness, black aesthetic performance, and signifyin(g) as antithetical to Fanon's goal for communication. While examples of resistance rhetoric demonstrated by Reid-Brinkley have achieved increasing competitive success in spaces of policy debate, it remains to be seen these strategies can escape the suffocating reification brought about by our collective adherence to the inhuman voices of the past.

▼ 

Cette étude se concentre sur l'analyse de l'expression « civilisation du travail » pour proposer un examen critique et normatif de la « valeur-travail ». Repartant des deux sens, scientifique et pragmatique de l'expression « civilisation du travail », le propos se divise en deux temps : il se focalise d'abord sur l'aspect scientifique, descriptif de l'expression avant d'envisager la possibilité de son emploi normatif. Dans le volet descriptif, il s'agit, d'une part, de mesurer la pertinence d'un emploi ethnographique de l'expression pour caractériser nos sociétés occidentales et, d'autre part, de présenter un portrait intellectuel et moral du travailleur moderne. Les traits de caractère spécifiques de cette figure sont ensuite l'objet d'une analyse critique qui ouvre sur le volet normatif de ce travail. Repartant des liens que la figure du travailleur tayloro-fordien entretient avec le constat d'une crise de la civilisation dans le discours philosophico-sociologique de l'entre-deux-guerres et des Trente Glorieuses, l'étude renoue avec le dilemme marxien de la libération ou de la désaliénation du travail en l'indexant à ses enjeux culturels : faut-il privilégier une réduction du temps de travail ou une transformation radicale de ses conditions d'exercice pour espérer sortir de l'impasse nihiliste ? En recomposant le débat opposant les défenseurs d'une « civilisation des loisirs » à ceux d'une « civilisation du travail », la réflexion retrouve les lignes de fracture structurant les débats sur la valeur du travail. Elle s'achève sur la défense d'un emploi normatif de l'expression « civilisation du travail ».

This investigation is focussed on the analysis of the expression civilisation of labour, puttingforward a critical and normative examination of the labour theory of value. Proceeding fromthe scientific and pragmatic perspectives of the civilisation of labour, the thesis is divided intotwo parts: concentrating first of all on the scientific aspect, describing the expression, before considering the possibility of its normative use. The descriptive section is devoted toevaluating the pertinence of an ethnographic use of the expression to characterise western societies and presenting an intellectual and moral portrait of the modern worker. The specific characteristics of this figure then become the object of a critical analysis which leads into the normative section of this work. Commencing with the ties the figure of the Tayloro-Fordian worker maintains with the crisis of civilisation observed in philosophical and sociological discourse during the inter-war period and the post-war boom, the investigation revives the Marxist dilemma of the freedom or disalienation of labour by indexing it to related cultural issues: should a reduction in working hours or a radical transformation of labour conditions be favoured in the hope of escaping a nihilistic impasse? By reconstructing the debate opposing the defenders of a civilisation of leisure to those of a civilisation of labour, the examination uncovers the dividing lines…

Advisors/Committee Members: Crépon, Marc (thesis director).

▼ 

Dans cette thèse nous situons le « Sujet » au centre de nos recherches et interrogeons ce qui, dans la relation à l’autre - en l’occurrence pour le formateur ou l’accompagnateur mais aussi pour l’apprenant ou l’accompagné - peut se réactualiser, se répéter de son histoire sans que ni les uns ni les autres ne puissent en saisir la portée. Nous posons dès lors comme hypothèse que l’Analyse des Pratiques Professionnelles (A.P.P.) d’orientation psychanalytique permet de repérer dans le discours rapporté, les différents mouvements transférentiels et de répétitions qui révèlent le discours inconscient, ce qui se (re)joue dans le cadre des apprentissages et des accompagnements. Cette lecture éclairée participe à la désaliénation des sujets (les professionnels, les apprenants ou accompagnés) et les soutient dans leur demande, leur désir. Pour explorer cette hypothèse nous nous référons aux théories psychanalytiques de Freud, de Lacan et de Charlotte Herfray. La conduite de cette démarche se fait dans une approche herméneutique. Pour vérifier notre postulat nous présentons les observations relevées auprès de trois groupes que nous animons et qui sont composés d’intervenants sociaux et de la santé. Les résultats soulignent la difficulté que rencontrent les formateurs ou accompagnateurs dans leur travail de suivi des apprenants ou accompagnés, mais aussi la nécessité d’un travail d’introspection et / ou de supervision pour l’analyste des pratiques professionnelles.

In this thesis, we place the ”Subject” in the centre of our researches, and we wonder what in the relation to the other - in this particular case for the trainer or the accompanist, but also for the learner or the accompanied – can be re-actualised and repeated without neither of them being able to grasp its impact. We assume that the Analysis of Professional Practices (A.P.P.) of psychoanalytical orientation makes it possible to identify in the formal discourse, the different transferential and repetitive movements that reveal the unconscious discourse, what is “played out” and “replayed out” while learning and while accompanying. This way of analysis contributes to the disalienation of the subjects, (professionals, learners or accompanied), and supports them in their want, their desire. To explore this hypothesis, we refer to the psychoanalytic theories of Freud, Lacan and Herfray. This approach is conducted in a hermeneutical way. To verify our postulate, we present observations from three groups that are made up of social and health workers. The results highlight the challenges encountered by trainers or accompanists in their follow ups with learners or accompanied, but also stresses the need for introspection and / or supervision from the professional practices analyst.

Advisors/Committee Members: Weisser, Marc (thesis director).

▼ 

Este trabalho procura demonstrar, através do percurso percorrido pela personagem Alfredo, ao longo do itinerário que vai de Cachoeira até à cidade de Belém, em uma criação dalcidiana, o processo de gradual desalienação de um menino que aos poucos vai se tornando um rapaz. A formação da personalidade passa por um sofrido processo, que na vida do herói conduz ao choque necessário provocado por algumas desilusões. Confrontando-se com sentimentos ambivalentes, com estados de indefinição e indecisão, Alfredo vai abrindo caminho através do labirinto de seu ser palmilhado pelo que representa a cidade enquanto também um labirinto não menos desafiador. Nesse processo de integração, o objetivo final é o resgate da dignidade humana que não se limita ao ser do herói, Alfredo, mas abarca um amplo projeto político que é buscado como alternativa popular.

This paper tries to demonstrate, through the journey made character Alfred, along the itineraty that goes from Cachoeira to Belém city, in a dalcidiana creation, the process of gradual disalienation of a boy who little by little becomes a young man. The building of his personality is through a very suffering process, wich in this heros life leads him to a necessary shock caused by some disillusions. Confronting with am bivalent feelings, with stages indecisions and indefiniteness, Alfred goes making his own way through the labyrinth of his being as the city also represents a not less challenging labyrinth. In this integration process, the final aim is the rescue of humain dignity which is not limited by the being of a hero; Alfred embraces a large political projet which is sought as a popular alternative.

Advisors/Committee Members: Marli Tereza Furtado, Luís Heleno Montoril Del Castilo, Joel Cardoso da Silva, Paulo Nunes.