subject:(dietary cation anion balance)

Kansas State University

1. Fujan, Holly. Old problems, new perspectives: nutritional and behavioral strategies to improve dairy cattle health.

Degree: MS, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, 2020, Kansas State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/40625

► The transition period, defined as 3 weeks prepartum to 3 weeks postpartum, is a high-risk time for disease in dairy cattle. There are many strategies… (more)

▼ The transition period, defined as 3 weeks prepartum to 3 weeks postpartum, is a high-risk time for disease in dairy cattle. There are many strategies to help prevent the onset of disease around calving. Of these, the use of a prepartum diet with a negative dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) is widely practiced to increase mobilization of calcium (Ca) from bone and reduce the incidence of hypocalcemia. However, the amount of Ca to supplement with a negative DCAD diet to promote optimal health during transition has remained in question. Additionally, technological advancements used to measure feeding behaviors in early lactation have evolved and could be valuable in predicting dry matter intake (DMI), lactation outcomes, and herd survival. This is important as greater DMI is associated with lower disease incidence during the transition period, leading to improved performance and reduced culling. An experiment using twenty-one pregnant, nonlactating cows completing at least one lactation was carried out to evaluate the effects of varying levels of Ca carbonate on DMI and metabolic acid-base status in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design utilizing 3 treatments and 3 periods. The only effect of treatment in this study was on urine pH, which increased linearly with increasing dietary Ca. However, greater DMI in Period 3 versus Period 1 in this study resulted in a greater degree of acidification during this time, as indicated by a lesser urinary pH. Greater Ca carbonate supplementation with no significant difference in Ca excretion suggests carbonate, not Ca, may be absorbed and converted to HCO3-, with the excess HCO3- being excreted in urine. Therefore, when feeding high levels of Ca carbonate, urine pH may not accurately reflect acid-base status. In a second experiment, the relationships among feeding behavior variables collected during the first 21 d of lactation from 5 studies at Kansas State University were evaluated. Independent variables included meal frequency, meal length, meal size, and feeding time, along with parity, calving date, PTA for milk (PTAM) and 305-d mature equivalent milk (305MEM). Milk PTA, the slope of meal frequency, and mean meal length, specifically meal length during week 2, were predictive of 305MEM, and all were positively associated with 305MEM. For DMI, the quadratic function of feeding time, the intercept of meal frequency, parity and PTAM were predictive of DMI, with the quadratic function of week 2 feeding time and the intercept of meal frequency for week 2 significant when evaluating weekly feeding behaviors. The risk of being removed from the herd was increased by 13% for an additional meal/day in the first 21 d of lactation. Overall, strategies to improve herd health can be implemented both prepartum and postpartum to reduce disease and improve performance during the transition to lactation. Advisors/Committee Members: Barry J. Bradford.

Subjects/Keywords: Anionic; Calcium carbonate; Transition period; Biomonitoring; Forecasting; Dietary cation anion difference

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fujan, H. (2020). Old problems, new perspectives: nutritional and behavioral strategies to improve dairy cattle health. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/40625

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fujan, Holly. “Old problems, new perspectives: nutritional and behavioral strategies to improve dairy cattle health.” 2020. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/40625.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fujan, Holly. “Old problems, new perspectives: nutritional and behavioral strategies to improve dairy cattle health.” 2020. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Fujan H. Old problems, new perspectives: nutritional and behavioral strategies to improve dairy cattle health. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/40625.

Council of Science Editors:

Fujan H. Old problems, new perspectives: nutritional and behavioral strategies to improve dairy cattle health. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/40625

University of Georgia

2. Wildman, Christopher Dwayne. The relationship between dietary cation-anion difference and nitrogen metabolism in lactating dairy cows.

Degree: 2014, University of Georgia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/23028

► Positive dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) enhances blood bicarbonate concentrations in lactating cows, improving blood buffering which may improve animal health and performance. The objectives of… (more)

▼ Positive dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) enhances blood bicarbonate concentrations in lactating cows, improving blood buffering which may improve animal health and performance. The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of DCAD on nitrogen metabolism in lactating dairy cows, including changes in amino acid (AA) metabolism that may be influenced by DCAD. Potassium:sodium ratios were compared to elucidate interactions between 2:1, 3.5:1, and 5:1 dietary K:Na ratios within DCAD treatments of 45 and 60 meq / 100 g dry matter (DM). No differences were observed for DM intake (DMI) or milk yield (MY) for DCAD treatments. Milk yield was lower for the 3.5:1 K:Na ratio. Blood bicarbonate was similar among treatments, but blood urea N declined as DCAD increased from 45 to 60 meq Na + K – Cl / 100 g suggesting reduced systemic protein catabolism because of reduced need for protein in systemic buffering. No differences were observed for blood urea N concentration among potassium:sodium ratios. In late lactation cows, serum total AA and total essential AA concentrations were greater for DCAD of 50 meq / 100 g DM compared with 25 meq / 100 g DM. Milk yield declined as DCAD increased although no difference in DMI was noted. Blood bicarbonate concentration was greater for high DCAD diets, indicating improved blood buffering with high DCAD. In early lactation cows, improved DMI, MY, and urinary uric acid, which is indicative of microbial crude protein yield, was observed for cows fed diets low in dietary crude protein when DCAD was increased from 25 to 50 meq / 100 g DM. Blood bicarbonate concentrations were also higher. Improved DMI, MY, total blood AA, and total essential AA concentration was observed in diets low in dietary crude protein and rumen degradable protein when DCAD increased from 25 to 50 meq / 100 g DM. Results of this research indicate that increasing DCAD enhances amino acid status in lactating dairy cows. The mechanism is not known, but could be a result of decreasing systemic buffering role of amino acids.

Subjects/Keywords: dietary cation-anion difference; potassium; sodium; nitrogen metabolism; amino acid metabolism

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wildman, C. D. (2014). The relationship between dietary cation-anion difference and nitrogen metabolism in lactating dairy cows. (Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10724/23028

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wildman, Christopher Dwayne. “The relationship between dietary cation-anion difference and nitrogen metabolism in lactating dairy cows.” 2014. Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10724/23028.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wildman, Christopher Dwayne. “The relationship between dietary cation-anion difference and nitrogen metabolism in lactating dairy cows.” 2014. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Wildman CD. The relationship between dietary cation-anion difference and nitrogen metabolism in lactating dairy cows. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/23028.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wildman CD. The relationship between dietary cation-anion difference and nitrogen metabolism in lactating dairy cows. [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/23028

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

3. Leno, Brittany May. Monitoring, Prevention and Treatment of Hypocalcemia in Periparturient Dairy Cows.

Degree: PhD, Animal Science, 2017, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/56985

► The Ca demand of colostrum and milk production in the immediate postpartum period compared to the demands in late gestation result in a huge metabolic… (more)

▼ The Ca demand of colostrum and milk production in the immediate postpartum period compared to the demands in late gestation result in a huge metabolic adaptation for periparturient dairy cows. This adaptation requires the coordination of several hormones and tissues and if delayed adaptation results in an excessive drop in blood Ca it can impair cow health and performance. Management of hypocalcemia requires multifaceted approaches that integrate prevention, treatment and monitoring. The objectives of this dissertation were to: 1) investigate strategies for monitoring blood Ca, 2) optimize application of established nutritional strategies for prevention, 3) evaluate new approaches to macromineral nutrition to support blood Ca recovery postpartum, and 3) identify opportunities for use of supplemental Ca postpartum. The VetTest is a tool that measures blood total Ca which has potential for field application and its use resulted in reliable identification of hypocalcemia. The variation in the relationship between ionized and total Ca in the immediate postpartum period suggest that these parameters cannot be used interchangeably for identification of hypocalcemia and ionized Ca was a better predictor of neutrophil function in the week postpartum. Cows fed prepartum rations with a negative DCAD, targeting an average urine pH between 5.5 and 6.0, had higher blood Ca concentrations, intake and milk production in the early lactation period compared to cows fed a low K or intermediate ration. Blood Ca responses to this preventative approach were more pronounced in cows entering their 3rd parity or greater compared to 2nd lactation cows. Altering dietary source of supplemental Ca and Mg, and postpartum dietary concentration of Mg, had minimal influence on mineral status in the transition period but did improve intake and energetic status in the transition period. This suggests opportunity for strategic use of mineral sources to support the metabolic adaptations to lactation. Supplementation with oral Ca postpartum improved early lactation health for cows with increasing age, cows with high BCS and lame cows. Plasma Ca status did not differentiate response of primiparous cows to supplementation but multiparous cows with low plasma Ca had improved health in early lactation when supplemented with oral Ca. Advisors/Committee Members: Overton, Thomas R. (chair), McArt, Jessica Anne Allerton (committee member), Flaminio, Maria Julia Bevilaqua Felippe (committee member), Gilbert, Robert Owen (committee member), Nydam, Daryl Van (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Nutrition; dietary cation-anion difference; hypocalcemia; ionized calcium; magnesium; transition cow; Animal sciences

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APA (6^th Edition):

Leno, B. M. (2017). Monitoring, Prevention and Treatment of Hypocalcemia in Periparturient Dairy Cows. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/56985

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Leno, Brittany May. “Monitoring, Prevention and Treatment of Hypocalcemia in Periparturient Dairy Cows.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Cornell University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/56985.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Leno, Brittany May. “Monitoring, Prevention and Treatment of Hypocalcemia in Periparturient Dairy Cows.” 2017. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Leno BM. Monitoring, Prevention and Treatment of Hypocalcemia in Periparturient Dairy Cows. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cornell University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/56985.

Council of Science Editors:

Leno BM. Monitoring, Prevention and Treatment of Hypocalcemia in Periparturient Dairy Cows. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cornell University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/56985

University of Maryland

4. Catterton, Tracy Lynn. The impact of dietary ions on rumen ion concentrations.

Degree: Animal Sciences, 2015, University of Maryland

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1903/17379

► Dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) evaluates the strong ion balance in dairy cattle diets. We performed two experiments to study the impacts of strong dietary ions… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Animal sciences; chloride; dairy cow; dietary cation-anion difference; potassium; rumen ion; sodium

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APA (6^th Edition):

Catterton, T. L. (2015). The impact of dietary ions on rumen ion concentrations. (Thesis). University of Maryland. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1903/17379

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Catterton, Tracy Lynn. “The impact of dietary ions on rumen ion concentrations.” 2015. Thesis, University of Maryland. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/17379.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Catterton, Tracy Lynn. “The impact of dietary ions on rumen ion concentrations.” 2015. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Catterton TL. The impact of dietary ions on rumen ion concentrations. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Maryland; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1903/17379.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Catterton TL. The impact of dietary ions on rumen ion concentrations. [Thesis]. University of Maryland; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1903/17379

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Georgia

5. Norat Collazo, Leila M. The role of calcium on neuroendocrine regulation of energy balance in periparturient dairy cattle.

Degree: 2014, University of Georgia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/24459

► Improved calcium status may facilitate the transition dairy cow to more effectively use supplemental fat and reduce health problems associated with negative energy balance. This… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Dietary Cation-Anion Difference (DCAD); Anionic Salts; Calcium status; Ruminally Inert Fat (RIF); Transition Cow

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APA (6^th Edition):

Norat Collazo, L. M. (2014). The role of calcium on neuroendocrine regulation of energy balance in periparturient dairy cattle. (Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10724/24459

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Norat Collazo, Leila M. “The role of calcium on neuroendocrine regulation of energy balance in periparturient dairy cattle.” 2014. Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10724/24459.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Norat Collazo, Leila M. “The role of calcium on neuroendocrine regulation of energy balance in periparturient dairy cattle.” 2014. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Norat Collazo LM. The role of calcium on neuroendocrine regulation of energy balance in periparturient dairy cattle. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/24459.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Norat Collazo LM. The role of calcium on neuroendocrine regulation of energy balance in periparturient dairy cattle. [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/24459

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oklahoma State University

6. Jones, Meredyth Lynn. Use of Dietary Cation Anion Difference for the Reduction of Urine PH in Goats.

Degree: Veterinary Pathobiology, 2006, Oklahoma State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/9818

► Goat wethers were fed a pelleted and hay ration with ammonium chloride to achieve DCAD levels of -150, -75, 0 or +75 mEq/kg. Urine, for… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: goat; urolithiasis; dietary cation anion difference

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jones, M. L. (2006). Use of Dietary Cation Anion Difference for the Reduction of Urine PH in Goats. (Thesis). Oklahoma State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/9818

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jones, Meredyth Lynn. “Use of Dietary Cation Anion Difference for the Reduction of Urine PH in Goats.” 2006. Thesis, Oklahoma State University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/9818.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jones, Meredyth Lynn. “Use of Dietary Cation Anion Difference for the Reduction of Urine PH in Goats.” 2006. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Jones ML. Use of Dietary Cation Anion Difference for the Reduction of Urine PH in Goats. [Internet] [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2006. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/9818.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jones ML. Use of Dietary Cation Anion Difference for the Reduction of Urine PH in Goats. [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2006. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/9818

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Freie Universität Berlin

7. Montag, Nicole. Experimental investigation of the effects of different anionic salts to the acid-base balance of dairy cows.

Degree: 2005, Freie Universität Berlin

URL: https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/11529

► The aim of this study was to get further information about the influence of different factors to the effect of anionic rations, to optimize the… (more)

▼ The aim of this study was to get further information about the influence of different factors to the effect of anionic rations, to optimize the use of anionic salts in the prevention of milk fever of dairy cows. These factors are the influence of a prolonged administration of anions, of different energy and calcium supply, the effects of the sodium-potassium relation, the maximal tolerated dose of calcium sulfate as well as the investigation about the application of the daily dose of calcium chloride and calcium sulfate once a day. From february 2003 to march 2004 the investigations were performed on cows with rumen fistula. During the trials the animals got the acid salts calcium chloride and calcium sulfate through the rumen fistula twice a day at the feedings (except for the trial about the once a day application and the trial with sodium- and potassium bicarbonate). Several times a week blood and urine samples were taken to determine the blood gas analysis (ph, be, CO2, O2) as well as the net acid-base excretion. For each trial the feed was analysed and the dcad of the ration was measured. In all 1401 blood and urine samples have been taken and examined. The prolonged administration of anions showed, that the entire effect of the anionic salts is completely developed after 3 7 days. A significant metabolic acidosis set in. The values of ph, be and bicarbonate of the blood decreased. In the urine the effect of the acidosis was observed as well. There was a significant decrease in ph and nsba. Because of the fact, that the complete effects are developed within 3 7 days, and because of the risk of strong disturbances of the acid-base equilibrium, the use of the acid salts should last 7 days at least, but not longer than 14 days. The results of the investigation about the different energy supply showed, that the concentration of energy should be sufficient to avoid a further increase of the acidosis by the metabolic products, which result from the degradation of fatty and amino acid at catabolism. The degree of the calcium supply had no significant influence of the impact of the anionic salts relating to the acid-base status. Never the less, when feeding acid salts, it is very important to supply calcium in sufficient amount (120 180g/d), because of the strong renal calcium excretion. The investigation of the impact of sodium and potassium showed, that cations can counteract and compensate the effects of the anions and with it the mechanism of the prophylaxis of milk fever. The application of anions and cations in equivalent amounts at the same time had no effect of the acid-base-balance. The exclusive use of sodium- and potassium bicarbonate did not show the expected alkaline effects. The investigation of the maximal tolerated dose of calcium sulfate showed, that the cows developed a strong metabolic acidosis after one week of application of 3 equivalents of calcium sulfate. Because of that, the dose of 3 equivalents should not be exceeded. It is better to think of 2,5 equivalents as upper limit. The… Advisors/Committee Members: n (gender), Univ.-Prof. Dr. R. Staufenbiel (firstReferee), Prof. Dr. H. Tönhardt (furtherReferee), Univ.-Prof. Dr. G. Hildebrandt (furtherReferee).

Subjects/Keywords: dairy cow; hypocalcemic parturient paresis; dietary cation-anion balance; acid-base status; anionic salts; calcium chloride; calcium sulfate; 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Montag, N. (2005). Experimental investigation of the effects of different anionic salts to the acid-base balance of dairy cows. (Thesis). Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved from https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/11529

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Montag, Nicole. “Experimental investigation of the effects of different anionic salts to the acid-base balance of dairy cows.” 2005. Thesis, Freie Universität Berlin. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/11529.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Montag, Nicole. “Experimental investigation of the effects of different anionic salts to the acid-base balance of dairy cows.” 2005. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Montag N. Experimental investigation of the effects of different anionic salts to the acid-base balance of dairy cows. [Internet] [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2005. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/11529.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Montag N. Experimental investigation of the effects of different anionic salts to the acid-base balance of dairy cows. [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2005. Available from: https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/11529

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Freie Universität Berlin

8. Goebbels, Michael. Investigation for the practical use of anionic rations to prevent hypocalcemia in dairy herds.

Degree: 2006, Freie Universität Berlin

URL: https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/12567

► The aim of this study was to find a solution how to valuate the effect of anionic rations with herd datas and to make the… (more)

▼ The aim of this study was to find a solution how to valuate the effect of anionic rations with herd datas and to make the use of anions safer. The first part of the study shows the examinations about the practical use of the measurement of urine ph to valuate the effects of anions on the acid-base status. For that purpose, samples of urine were taken for eight weeks from the two weeks prepartum cows of two different farms. The ph was measured with an electrical ph-meter in the cowshed and with ph-stripes directly after the winning. Apart from that, the urine was frozen and after defrosting measured with an electrical ph-meter in the lab. The measurement of the ph by ph- stripes showed nearly the similar results than the measurement of the urine ph by electrical ph-meter directly after the winning. After defrosting the urine, the results of the urine ph were slightly increased. Within the scope of herd management fifty farms were visited and some of them more than one time. Blood and urine samples were taken from close up dry cows and recently calved cows. The ration of the close up dry cows was analysed. Ten single samples of blood and urine were necessary to produce a pool sample. The values of the pool samples of urine ph, net acid-base excretion and urine calcium excretion were compared with the mean values of the single samples. There were high correlations between the pool and the mean values for each of the parameters. Because of that, the pool and the mean values have nearly the same content of information. The analyses of the rations from 2002 to 2004 contain the dcad and the amount of potassium, sodium, chloride and sulphur. Herds with and without anionic rations were compared. The analysis of the feed of herds with anionic rations showed a lower dcad and a higher amount of sulphur in all of the three years. But the recommendations of the NRC were not achieved. That is an indication that not enough anionic salts were used refer to the rations content. To examine the influence of more factors of the ration on the effect of the anions the urine ph, the net acid-base excretion and the urine calcium excretion were compared with the parameters of the rations. The effect of reducing the dcad and the amount of potassium as well as the effect of increasing the amount of calcium and sulphur in the ration is a mild acidosis and an increased urine calcium excretion. These are the effects of the anions. Within feeding anions there should be a shift of the major elements. This leads to a decreased dcad and to the metabolic effects as described. The same effects on the acid-base status and the urine calcium excretion were observed by feeding an increased amount of starch and a decreased amount of crude fibre. This could simulate the effect of anionic rations. The parameters of the energy concentration in the rations have a slight correlation with the parameters of the acid-base status. At low amounts of energy there is an acidotic stress of the animals. This has to be avoided when farmers use anionic rations because it… Advisors/Committee Members: n (gender), Univ.-Prof. Dr. R. Staufenbiel (firstReferee), Prof. Dr. H. Tönhardt (furtherReferee), Univ.-Prof. Dr. R. Fries (furtherReferee).

Subjects/Keywords: dairy cow; hypocalcemic parturient paresis; dietary cation-anion balance; acid-base status; anionic salts; major elements; metabolic profile; herd management; 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Goebbels, M. (2006). Investigation for the practical use of anionic rations to prevent hypocalcemia in dairy herds. (Thesis). Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved from https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/12567

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Goebbels, Michael. “Investigation for the practical use of anionic rations to prevent hypocalcemia in dairy herds.” 2006. Thesis, Freie Universität Berlin. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/12567.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Goebbels, Michael. “Investigation for the practical use of anionic rations to prevent hypocalcemia in dairy herds.” 2006. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Goebbels M. Investigation for the practical use of anionic rations to prevent hypocalcemia in dairy herds. [Internet] [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2006. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/12567.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Goebbels M. Investigation for the practical use of anionic rations to prevent hypocalcemia in dairy herds. [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2006. Available from: https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/12567

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Freie Universität Berlin

9. Engel, Meike. Experimental studies on the effect of various anionic salts on ruminal fermentation, trace element-concentration in serum, water intake and urinary volume of rumen-fistulated cows.

Degree: 2006, Freie Universität Berlin

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-10967

► In last years the supplementation of strong anions ( acid salts ) 2 to 3 weeks before calving has become more important to prevent parturient… (more)

▼ In last years the supplementation of strong anions ( acid salts ) 2 to 3 weeks before calving has become more important to prevent parturient paresis (milkfever). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of several pure or mixed anionic salts on ruminal fermentation parameters including concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA), ruminal pH and ruminal digestion of organic matter. Further, the concentration of trace elements in blood serum, the water intake and urinary volume was measured under substitution of anionic salts. The study was conducted with eleven rumen- fistulated Holstein-Frisian cows. All of them were after the second lactation, dried off and not pregnant. The cows (650-750 kg) received a maintenance diet of 8 kg of hay and 2.5 kg of concentrates. The daily ration included 120-150 g Calcium in total. Eight pure acid salts (CaCl2, CaSO4, CaSO4-D10, MgCl2, MgSO4, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NaCl), two mixed anionic salts (CaCl2+MgSO4, NH4Cl+CaSO4) and water as control were applied randomly to one of the cows (11 x 11 Latin square) for a 14 day period. The daily dose of 2 equivalents of anionic salts per animal was administered directly into the rumen during feeding time at 7 am and at 2 pm. This period of supplementation was followed by a 14 day wash-out period. Samples of blood and ruminal fluid (to determine the pH) were taken twice a week. Samples of ruminal fluid to examine the concentration of VFA were taken four times daily for three days per period. To measure the ruminal degradation of feedstuffs the in situ technique was used three times for every feedstuff. Water intake was registered daily, urinary volume once a period over 24 hours. The applied salts and salt- combinations showed no significant effects on ruminal fermentation. There has neither been a significant influence on ruminal pH (values between 6,5 and 6,9) nor on VFA contents in ruminal fluid (120-150 mmol/l) at any times of sampling. Also no effects have been observed on analysed single fatty acids. It was not possible to demonstrate a consistent effect of one of the supplemented salts on the organic matter digestibility of several feedstuffs. However, the number of samples was very low and allows no statistically proofed conclusions. It was shown that there is no influence on the concentration of trace elements in blood serum. Water intake was not effected by on of the supplemented salts compared to the control but by changes in dietary-cation-anion-balance (DCAB). A cation-anion difference of 150 meq/kg DM and bellow resulted in an increased water consumption. However, it must be considered that due to the existing sample size the resulting confidence interval was very small. In the present study there weren t as far as possible any effects on the analysed parameters. Concerning these parameters the supplementation of anionic salts to prevent parturient paresis can be considered as harmless. Advisors/Committee Members: n (gender), Prof. Dr. Klaus Männer (firstReferee), Univ.-Prof. Dr. Heike Tönhardt (furtherReferee), Univ.-Prof. Dr. Rudolf Staufenbiel (furtherReferee).

Subjects/Keywords: dairy cows; hypocalcaemia; acidogenic salts; dietary cation anion balance; rumen fermentation; water intake; trace elements; urine; 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Engel, M. (2006). Experimental studies on the effect of various anionic salts on ruminal fermentation, trace element-concentration in serum, water intake and urinary volume of rumen-fistulated cows. (Thesis). Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-10967

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Engel, Meike. “Experimental studies on the effect of various anionic salts on ruminal fermentation, trace element-concentration in serum, water intake and urinary volume of rumen-fistulated cows.” 2006. Thesis, Freie Universität Berlin. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-10967.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Engel, Meike. “Experimental studies on the effect of various anionic salts on ruminal fermentation, trace element-concentration in serum, water intake and urinary volume of rumen-fistulated cows.” 2006. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Engel M. Experimental studies on the effect of various anionic salts on ruminal fermentation, trace element-concentration in serum, water intake and urinary volume of rumen-fistulated cows. [Internet] [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2006. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-10967.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Engel M. Experimental studies on the effect of various anionic salts on ruminal fermentation, trace element-concentration in serum, water intake and urinary volume of rumen-fistulated cows. [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2006. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-10967

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Freie Universität Berlin

10. Frömer, Sven. Examinations of the effect of various anionic supplements on the renal excretion of macro elements and their diagnostic value with regard to the prevention of hypocalcaemic parturient paresis in dairy cows.

Degree: 2006, Freie Universität Berlin

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-13097

► Despite years of intensive research on causes and in search of preventive methods, hypocalcaemic parturient paresis is still one of the most common metabolic disorders… (more)

▼ Despite years of intensive research on causes and in search of preventive methods, hypocalcaemic parturient paresis is still one of the most common metabolic disorders of highyielding dairy cows. The high incidence, follow-up diseases in connection with these disorders as well as the reduction of fertility and effective productivity have been signs for the economic significance of milk fever. Compared with other preventive measures the dietarycation-anion-balance (DCAB) and the use of anionic salts in connection with it have caused an intensified interest in dry cow feeding management. This method has gained increasing practical influence but experiences have been contradictory up till now. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of various anionic supplements in form of single salts (CaCl2·2H2O; CaSO4·2H2O; CaSO4·2H2O-D10 (degree of granulate: 10 µm); MgCl2·6H2O; MgSO4·7H2O; NaCl; NH4Cl; (NH4)2SO4) and mixed salts (CaCl2·2H2O +MgSO4·7H2O; NH4Cl+CaSO4·2H2O) on the urinary excretion of macro elements and to evaluate the diagnostic value of these elements with regard to the use of anionic salts in dairy cows. Therefore experimental examinations were carried out with N = 11 cows belonging to the breed German black pied cows x Holstein Friesian, each with a ruminal fistula. All animals were female, not pregnant, not lactating and had past at least two previous lactations. The tested salts were given in a daily dose of 2 equivalents per animal over a time span of 2 weeks per test period. The sequences were randomized according to an 11 x 11 Latin square design. The salts were administered directly into the rumen during feeding time. Among all included macro elements in the urine, calcium is best to show the effects of anionic salts and their influence on acid-base-balance (ABB) as well as on calcium metabolism. The close relations to parameters of ABB and to DCAB claim the classification of the urinary concentration of calcium in connection with net-acid-base-excretion (NABE) and DCAB as top monitoring parameter. A concentration of calcium in urine from 8 to 15 mmol/l as well as a renal fractional excretion of calcium from 2.5 to 3.5% can be seen as dimensions with optimal effects when using anionic rations. The concentrations of potassium and phosphate in the urine were relatively stable during the treatment with salts. Hyperphosphaturia as a result of acidogenic conditions does not occur.Compounds formed out of sodium, magnesium and chloride lead to a significantly increased urinary excretion of these elements depending on the ingestion. In this study the determination of the renal fractional excretion of macro elements does not offer any clear advantages compared to the determination of the urinary concentration of macro elements. The 24-hour quantity of urine was slightly increased during the use of anionic salts but remains within physiological limits. A certain rhythm depending on the time of a day can be proved for the renal excretion of chloride but not for the renal excretion of calcium. Further… Advisors/Committee Members: n (gender), Univ.-Prof. Dr. Rudolf Staufenbiel (firstReferee), Univ.-Prof. Dr. Helmut Hartmann (furtherReferee), Univ.-Prof. Dr. Arthur Grabner (furtherReferee).

Subjects/Keywords: dairy cattle; hypocalcaemia; parturient paresis; acidogenic salts; urine; macro elements; fractional excretion; dietary cation anion balance; 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Frömer, S. (2006). Examinations of the effect of various anionic supplements on the renal excretion of macro elements and their diagnostic value with regard to the prevention of hypocalcaemic parturient paresis in dairy cows. (Thesis). Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-13097

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Frömer, Sven. “Examinations of the effect of various anionic supplements on the renal excretion of macro elements and their diagnostic value with regard to the prevention of hypocalcaemic parturient paresis in dairy cows.” 2006. Thesis, Freie Universität Berlin. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-13097.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Frömer, Sven. “Examinations of the effect of various anionic supplements on the renal excretion of macro elements and their diagnostic value with regard to the prevention of hypocalcaemic parturient paresis in dairy cows.” 2006. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Frömer S. Examinations of the effect of various anionic supplements on the renal excretion of macro elements and their diagnostic value with regard to the prevention of hypocalcaemic parturient paresis in dairy cows. [Internet] [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2006. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-13097.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Frömer S. Examinations of the effect of various anionic supplements on the renal excretion of macro elements and their diagnostic value with regard to the prevention of hypocalcaemic parturient paresis in dairy cows. [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2006. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-13097

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

11. Li, Zhilong. Taming highly reactive metal cations and intermediates in homogeneous catalysis using a weakly coordinating anion : Contrôle d’ions métalliques et d’intermédiaires hautement réactifs en catalyse homogène par l’utilisation d’un contre-ion faiblement coordinant.

Degree: Docteur es, Chimie, 2020, université Paris-Saclay

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS145

►

Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié le comportement du contreion aluminate faiblement coordinant, [Al(OC(CF3)3)4] dans des processus catalytiques à base de métaux des cationiques comme… (more)

▼

Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié le comportement du contreion aluminate faiblement coordinant, [Al(OC(CF3)3)4] dans des processus catalytiques à base de métaux des cationiques comme les sels de gallium(I), d’indium à faible degré d'oxydation ainsi que des sels de lithium. Tout d’abord, nous avons étudié les transformations catalysées par [Ga][Al(OC(CF3)3)4], notamment pour la dihydroarylation des arènes, l'hydrogénation par transfert des alcènes en utilisant le 1,4-cyclohexadiène comme source d'hydrogène, la cyclisation hydrogénante en tandem des arènes et la cycloisomérisation des énynes. Par la suite, nous avons demontré que le catalyseur [In][Al(OC(CF3)3)4] était très sélectif pour favoriser l'ortho-alkylations d'anilines non protégées en présence des styrènes. Par extension nous avons appliqué ce dernier à l'hydroamination d’alcénylamines primaires et secondaires non protégées dans des conditions douces. Enfin, le complexe [Li][Al(OC(CF3)3)4] s'est révélé être un catalyseur efficace pour la synthèse de dérivés du styrène à partir de vinyl triflate et d'arènes par l'intermédiaire d'un cation vinylique. Nous avons prouvé que cet anion volumineux et inerte [Al(OC(CF3)3)4] était capable d'apprivoiser des cations hautement réactifs que ce soit des métaux cationiques ou des intermédiaires réactionnels, ouvrant ainsi de nouvelles perspectives en méthodologie de synthèse.

In this thesis, we studied the behaviour of the weakly coordinating aluminate counterion, [Al(OC(CF3)3)4] in catalytic processes based on cationic metals such as gallium(I) and indium(I) salts with low oxidation state indium and lithium salts. Initially,, we have studied [Ga][Al(OC(CF3)3)4]-catalyzed transformations, especially for the dihydroarylation of arenes, the transfer hydrogenation of alkenes using 1,4-cyclohexadiene as hydrogen source, the tandem hydrogenation cyclization of arenes and enynes cycloisomerization. Subsequently, we showed that the [In][Al(OC(CF3)3)4] catalyst was highly selective in promoting ortho-alkylation of unprotected anilines in the presence of styrenes. By extension we applied the latter to the hydroamination of unprotected primary and secondary alkenylamines under mild conditions. Finally, the [Li][Al(OC(CF3)3)4] complex has proven to be an effective catalyst for the synthesis of styrene derivatives from vinyl triflate and arenes via a vinyl cation. We proved that this bulky and inert anion [Al(OC(CF3)3)4] was capable of taming highly reactive cations, both cationic metals and reaction intermediates, thus opening new perspectives in synthesis methodology.

Advisors/Committee Members: Bour, Christophe (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Gallium(I); Indium(I); Cation vinylique; Anion faiblement coordonné; Catalyse; Gallium(I); Indium(I); Vinyl cation; Weakly coordinating anion; Catalysis

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Li, Z. (2020). Taming highly reactive metal cations and intermediates in homogeneous catalysis using a weakly coordinating anion : Contrôle d’ions métalliques et d’intermédiaires hautement réactifs en catalyse homogène par l’utilisation d’un contre-ion faiblement coordinant. (Doctoral Dissertation). université Paris-Saclay. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS145

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Li, Zhilong. “Taming highly reactive metal cations and intermediates in homogeneous catalysis using a weakly coordinating anion : Contrôle d’ions métalliques et d’intermédiaires hautement réactifs en catalyse homogène par l’utilisation d’un contre-ion faiblement coordinant.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, université Paris-Saclay. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS145.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Li, Zhilong. “Taming highly reactive metal cations and intermediates in homogeneous catalysis using a weakly coordinating anion : Contrôle d’ions métalliques et d’intermédiaires hautement réactifs en catalyse homogène par l’utilisation d’un contre-ion faiblement coordinant.” 2020. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Li Z. Taming highly reactive metal cations and intermediates in homogeneous catalysis using a weakly coordinating anion : Contrôle d’ions métalliques et d’intermédiaires hautement réactifs en catalyse homogène par l’utilisation d’un contre-ion faiblement coordinant. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. université Paris-Saclay; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS145.

Council of Science Editors:

Li Z. Taming highly reactive metal cations and intermediates in homogeneous catalysis using a weakly coordinating anion : Contrôle d’ions métalliques et d’intermédiaires hautement réactifs en catalyse homogène par l’utilisation d’un contre-ion faiblement coordinant. [Doctoral Dissertation]. université Paris-Saclay; 2020. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS145

12. Cowles, Kathryn. Effects of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) and Na:K on dairy cows in early lactation, and the interaction of particle size reduction via mastication and rumination with digestion and passage in cattle.

Degree: PhD, 0002, 2013, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44289

► Cattle spend many hours per day chewing, either eating or ruminating. Comminution of feed and digesta particles affects the kinetics of digestion and passage, and… (more)

▼ Cattle spend many hours per day chewing, either eating or ruminating. Comminution of feed and digesta particles affects the kinetics of digestion and passage, and can also affect voluntary feed intake. These, in turn, determine nutrient availability and productive efficiency. Our objective was to incorporate relevant data into a framework leading towards a dynamic mathematical model for comminution from feed through feces in cattle. Although large particles (i.e., those retained on a screen with 1.18-mm pores) often comprise 80 to 90% of swallowed forage dry matter, they account for about 35% of fecal dry matter. Large particles can be a minority of those in the reticulorumen at any given time; therefore, size is not the only criterion determining passage to the lower gut. Current data support the conclusion that synergism exists between animal and microbial effects; i.e., mastication during eating enhances microbial fermentation, which increases the effectiveness of comminution during rumination. Significant amounts of variation in the particle size distributions of boluses entering the reticulorumen can now be explained from knowledge of feed characteristics. Our understanding of mastication and rumination effects on digestion and passage in cattle is limited because no information is available for mixed diets and few data exist for many common types of forage (none for silages or which address the effects of plant maturity). Data amenable to studying the dynamics of particle size distributions are few and relate to near steady-state conditions; therefore, synergies between mastication, digestion, and rumination under practical conditions remain to be examined. Six multiparous Holstein cows, fitted with rumen cannulas, averaging 122 ± 31 days in milk were randomly assigned to six treatments allocated in an equiradial (pentagonal) second-order response surface design with a center point to examine the effects of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) and Na:K on lactating dairy cows. Replication of treatments within a 6 x 6 Latin square minimized the potential effects of outliers and allowed a surface covering a 3 × 3 matrix of DCAD and Na:K combinations to be examined. Ranges in DCAD and Na:K were chosen to be equally spaced on logarithmic scales; tripling each time from 0.25 for the former, and 1.5-fold each time from 25 meq/100 g of DM for the latter. The response surface was centered on a molar Na:K of 0.75 (0.60% Na and 1.37% K in DM) and a DCAD of 37.5 meq/100 g of DM. The other 5 treatments were: 1.63, 50.0 (Na:K, DCAD); 0.46, 53.8; 0.25, 35.2; 0.63, 25.1; and 2.00, 31.2. Percentages of Na and K in DM of the TMR for vertices of the pentagon were calculated as 1.05, 1.10; 0.56, 2.08; 0.27, 1.84; 0.44, 1.17; and 0.84, 0.72. Diets were based on corn silage and a corn-based grain mix. The Na:K ratios were varied with NaHCO3 and K2CO3. Periods were 14 d. Daily feed intake of each cow was recorded during each period; samples of feed and orts were collected daily. Milk production was measured daily; samples were… Advisors/Committee Members: Murphy, Michael R. (advisor), Murphy, Michael R. (Committee Chair), Clark, Jimmy H. (committee member), Hutjens, Michael F. (committee member), Garrett, Edgar F. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Dairy cattle; dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD); Acidosis; ruminant nutrition; urine pH; rumen pH

…under practical conditions remain to be examined. 1 Part 2. Dietary Cation-Anion Difference… …eating and rumination (Erdman, 1998). This is a result of the dietary cation-anion… …response to one cation (Na or K) tended to be the greatest when the dietary level of… …and MY to Na or K differed over a range of dietary concentrations of K or Na, Cl and other… …al. (2007a) varied dietary crude protein (CP) percentage and DCAD (…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Cowles, K. (2013). Effects of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) and Na:K on dairy cows in early lactation, and the interaction of particle size reduction via mastication and rumination with digestion and passage in cattle. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44289

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cowles, Kathryn. “Effects of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) and Na:K on dairy cows in early lactation, and the interaction of particle size reduction via mastication and rumination with digestion and passage in cattle.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44289.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cowles, Kathryn. “Effects of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) and Na:K on dairy cows in early lactation, and the interaction of particle size reduction via mastication and rumination with digestion and passage in cattle.” 2013. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Cowles K. Effects of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) and Na:K on dairy cows in early lactation, and the interaction of particle size reduction via mastication and rumination with digestion and passage in cattle. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44289.

Council of Science Editors:

Cowles K. Effects of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) and Na:K on dairy cows in early lactation, and the interaction of particle size reduction via mastication and rumination with digestion and passage in cattle. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44289

Kansas State University

13. Rezac, Darrel James. Dietary cation anion difference and acidified coproducts: effects on peripartum dairy cows.

Degree: MS, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, 2010, Kansas State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4642

► The transition from gestation to lactation requires numerous physiological and metabolic adaptations in order for the body to maintain relative homeostasis. For the modern dairy… (more)

▼ The transition from gestation to lactation requires numerous physiological and metabolic adaptations in order for the body to maintain relative homeostasis. For the modern dairy cow, the difficulty to meet these challenges is increased many-fold due to the large demand for energy and metabolites placed on the body by the high producing mammary gland. Milk fever or periparturient hypocalcemia can be defined as a failure of the calcium homeostatic mechanisms to maintain serum calcium around the time of calving. Though clinical cases may only arise in ≈ 5% of transition cows, subclinical rates are much higher. Animals suffering from even subclinical milk fever are much more susceptible to numerous other transition disorders. Preventing milk fever by formulation of the prepartum ration may be accomplished by decreasing the dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) which can be defined as the balance between positively and negatively charged ions in the diet. An experiment was designed to test 2 diets containing t products designed to deliver supplementary anions to the diet versus a control ration with no added anions. Total serum calcium and incidence of postpartum health disorders were not affected by prepartum dietary treatment. Though DCAD was drastically different between the control ration and the 2 anionic diets, the concentration of the strong cation potassium was low across all treatments which presumably prevented hypocalcemia with the onset of lactation. Though our diets contained low concentrations of potassium, many diets used by dairymen contain forages that are high in potassium and thus might benefit from the addition of anions. An experiment of an unrelated nature was conducted to observe the effects of 2 diets containing wet corn gluten feed (46 or 56% of DM) as the primary energy substrate and tallgrass prairie hay (14 or 20% of DM) as the sole source of physically effective fiber versus a control ration containing alfalfa and corn silage. The 20% tallgrass prairie hay diet resulted in milk components and efficiencies similar to those of the control ration, but production and income over feed cost did not match that of the control ration in this situation. Advisors/Committee Members: Barry J. Bradford.

Subjects/Keywords: Dietary Cation Anion Difference; Wet Corn Gluten Feed; Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition (0475)

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Rezac, D. J. (2010). Dietary cation anion difference and acidified coproducts: effects on peripartum dairy cows. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4642

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rezac, Darrel James. “Dietary cation anion difference and acidified coproducts: effects on peripartum dairy cows.” 2010. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4642.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rezac, Darrel James. “Dietary cation anion difference and acidified coproducts: effects on peripartum dairy cows.” 2010. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Rezac DJ. Dietary cation anion difference and acidified coproducts: effects on peripartum dairy cows. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4642.

Council of Science Editors:

Rezac DJ. Dietary cation anion difference and acidified coproducts: effects on peripartum dairy cows. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4642

14. Rajiv kumar. A Study of Functional Properties of Ion Sensors for Selective Cation Anion Recognition; No.

Degree: Science, 2014, Guru Nanak Dev University

URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/29764

newline No

Summary213-225

Advisors/Committee Members: Mahajan, R.K..

Subjects/Keywords: Ion Sensors; Cation Anion Recognition

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

kumar, R. (2014). A Study of Functional Properties of Ion Sensors for Selective Cation Anion Recognition; No. (Thesis). Guru Nanak Dev University. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/29764

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

kumar, Rajiv. “A Study of Functional Properties of Ion Sensors for Selective Cation Anion Recognition; No.” 2014. Thesis, Guru Nanak Dev University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/29764.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

kumar, Rajiv. “A Study of Functional Properties of Ion Sensors for Selective Cation Anion Recognition; No.” 2014. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

kumar R. A Study of Functional Properties of Ion Sensors for Selective Cation Anion Recognition; No. [Internet] [Thesis]. Guru Nanak Dev University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/29764.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

kumar R. A Study of Functional Properties of Ion Sensors for Selective Cation Anion Recognition; No. [Thesis]. Guru Nanak Dev University; 2014. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/29764

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Brigham Young University

15. Smith, Mason Scott. Measuring the Interaction and Cooperativity Between Ionic, Aromatic, and Nonpolar Amino Acids in Protein Structure.

Degree: PhD, 2018, Brigham Young University

URL: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8443&context=etd

► Protein folding studies have provided important insights about the key role of non-covalent interactions in protein structure and conformational stability. Some of these interactions include… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: cation; anion; noncovalent interaction; coiled coil; protein structure; Conformational stability.; Physical Sciences and Mathematics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Smith, M. S. (2018). Measuring the Interaction and Cooperativity Between Ionic, Aromatic, and Nonpolar Amino Acids in Protein Structure. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brigham Young University. Retrieved from https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8443&context=etd

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Smith, Mason Scott. “Measuring the Interaction and Cooperativity Between Ionic, Aromatic, and Nonpolar Amino Acids in Protein Structure.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Brigham Young University. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8443&context=etd.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Smith, Mason Scott. “Measuring the Interaction and Cooperativity Between Ionic, Aromatic, and Nonpolar Amino Acids in Protein Structure.” 2018. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Smith MS. Measuring the Interaction and Cooperativity Between Ionic, Aromatic, and Nonpolar Amino Acids in Protein Structure. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brigham Young University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8443&context=etd.

Council of Science Editors:

Smith MS. Measuring the Interaction and Cooperativity Between Ionic, Aromatic, and Nonpolar Amino Acids in Protein Structure. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brigham Young University; 2018. Available from: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8443&context=etd

University of California – Berkeley

16. Wong, Andrew Barnabas. Synthesis, Ion Exchange, and Properties of New Semiconductor Nanostructures.

Degree: Chemistry, 2016, University of California – Berkeley

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/0288x43k

► Advances in the synthetic control of semiconductor nanostructures and material properties offers many opportunities to enable new technologies. This is especially true for advances in… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Nanoscience; Chemistry; Nanotechnology; Anion Exchange; Cation Exchange; CsSnI3; Cu2S; halide perovskite; nanowires

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wong, A. B. (2016). Synthesis, Ion Exchange, and Properties of New Semiconductor Nanostructures. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/0288x43k

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wong, Andrew Barnabas. “Synthesis, Ion Exchange, and Properties of New Semiconductor Nanostructures.” 2016. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/0288x43k.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wong, Andrew Barnabas. “Synthesis, Ion Exchange, and Properties of New Semiconductor Nanostructures.” 2016. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Wong AB. Synthesis, Ion Exchange, and Properties of New Semiconductor Nanostructures. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/0288x43k.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wong AB. Synthesis, Ion Exchange, and Properties of New Semiconductor Nanostructures. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2016. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/0288x43k

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

17. Jago, Emily Mariah. An assessment of the validity and acceptability of a novel, audio-video food journaling method, in a free-living setting .

Degree: 2018, Laurentian University

URL: https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/handle/10219/3178

► Introduction A novel method of dietary assessment was introduced in a field study with wildland firefighters, published in 2017. The purpose of this thesis was… (more)

▼ Introduction A novel method of dietary assessment was introduced in a field study with wildland firefighters, published in 2017. The purpose of this thesis was to validate this novel, audio-video method of dietary assessment, and to determine whether it can be integrated into clinical practice, to replace written food journals. The validation process was completed in two phases and is presented as two manuscripts within this thesis. Manuscript One Phase one was designed to validate the audio-video method in comparison to the gold standard: weighed food assessment; in a free-living setting. With the exception of Vitamin E (mg) and total weight (g), kilocalories, macro and micronutrient values were highly correlated between the audio-video diary recorded estimations and weighed food items. We concluded that the novel method was able to make accurate estimations of energy and nutrient intake, and may therefore be a meaningful alternative to diary recording in a free-living setting. Manuscript Two Phase Two was designed to assess the application of the 3-day, audio-video method in a clinical setting, to replace the current method of 3-day, written food journaling. We found that the diet assessments, as performed by a Registered Dietitian for the same participants, were comparable between written and audio-video diaries. In consultation with the Registered Dietitian, we conclude that the audio-video method is acceptable for use in clinical practice. iv Conclusion The audio-video method is a suitable method for assessing food items, when the portion sizes from the video are estimated by persons with training on portion sizing (i.e. researchers or Registered Dietitians). In addition, the AV method was determined to be an acceptable method for use in clinical practice, to replace written food journals. Participants indicated that if the method was developed into a mobile phone application, for use on their personal device, they would be more likely to accept it as a food journaling method, when compared to the written method of food journaling.

Subjects/Keywords: nutrition; mobile health; energy balance; dietary assessment

2 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jago, E. M. (2018). An assessment of the validity and acceptability of a novel, audio-video food journaling method, in a free-living setting . (Thesis). Laurentian University. Retrieved from https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/handle/10219/3178

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jago, Emily Mariah. “An assessment of the validity and acceptability of a novel, audio-video food journaling method, in a free-living setting .” 2018. Thesis, Laurentian University. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/handle/10219/3178.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jago, Emily Mariah. “An assessment of the validity and acceptability of a novel, audio-video food journaling method, in a free-living setting .” 2018. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Jago EM. An assessment of the validity and acceptability of a novel, audio-video food journaling method, in a free-living setting . [Internet] [Thesis]. Laurentian University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/handle/10219/3178.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jago EM. An assessment of the validity and acceptability of a novel, audio-video food journaling method, in a free-living setting . [Thesis]. Laurentian University; 2018. Available from: https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/handle/10219/3178

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Michigan

18. Dorin, Catalina Ioana. Lateral composition modulation in mixed cation and mixed anion compound semiconductors.

Degree: PhD, Materials science, 2003, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/123766

► The microstructure of lateral composition in GaAs/InAs and AlAs/InAs short period superlattices was compared as a function of the growth temperature. For AlAs/InAs structures, deposited… (more)

▼ The microstructure of lateral composition in GaAs/InAs and AlAs/InAs short period superlattices was compared as a function of the growth temperature. For AlAs/InAs structures, deposited at temperatures of T = 500°C the growth occurs via layer-by-layer growth mode. No lateral composition modulation was observed. At temperatures T > 500°C some roughening occurs and strong regular and periodic lateral composition modulation is observed. The microstructure of lateral composition modulation in GaAs/InAs is significantly different. All the samples exhibit some degree of roughness and lateral composition modulation. The lateral composition modulation appears in both [110] and [11¯0] directions for almost all the Ga and Al containing structures. The lateral periodicity A is of the order of 30 nm and is not considerably temperature dependent. The differences in the microstructures between the two material systems can be explained using a kinetic model that takes In surface segregation into consideration. These data demonstrate that at some intermediate temperature, In intermixes into the individual short period superlattice layers, resulting in lower mismatch between the individual layers and more planar growth. At lower and higher temperatures, the mismatch is greater resulting in more roughening, thus more composition modulation. Too much roughening destroys the periodicity of lateral composition modulation. Lateral composition modulation in a mixed anion material system, GaAs/GaSb was demonstrated for the first time. The microstructure of GaAS_n/GaSb_m SPSs is investigated as a function of As species, growth temperature and short period superlattice layers thickness. Structures grown with As4 exhibit significant roughening during growth. These films are highly defective but high annular dark field images reveal the presence of regular composition modulation perpendicular to the growth direction. Surprisingly, the Ga composition varies laterally as well, suggesting that Sb interstitials or antisite defects may be present. Replacing As tetramers with As dimers improves the crystalline quality. The As sticking coefficient is calculated and found to be strongly dependent on temperature and As species, with some indication that the Sb coverage plays a role as well. Advisors/Committee Members: Millunchick, Joanna Mirecki (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Anion; Antimonides; Cation; Compound Semiconductors; Lateral Composition Modulation; Mixed

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dorin, C. I. (2003). Lateral composition modulation in mixed cation and mixed anion compound semiconductors. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/123766

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dorin, Catalina Ioana. “Lateral composition modulation in mixed cation and mixed anion compound semiconductors.” 2003. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/123766.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dorin, Catalina Ioana. “Lateral composition modulation in mixed cation and mixed anion compound semiconductors.” 2003. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Dorin CI. Lateral composition modulation in mixed cation and mixed anion compound semiconductors. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2003. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/123766.

Council of Science Editors:

Dorin CI. Lateral composition modulation in mixed cation and mixed anion compound semiconductors. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2003. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/123766

Texas A&M University

19. Bloom, Jacob Walter Goldstein. Physical Models of Noncovalent Interactions Involving Aromatic Rings.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2014, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152628

► Noncovalent interactions involving π-systems play a vital role throughout chemical and biological processes. These π-interactions can be found in organic photovoltaics and electronics as well… (more)

▼ Noncovalent interactions involving π-systems play a vital role throughout chemical and biological processes. These π-interactions can be found in organic photovoltaics and electronics as well as govern many protein and DNA interactions. A fundamental and physically meaningful model of these interactions is necessary for the efficient exploitation of these materials and rational drug design. First, the role of aromaticity in π-stacking, cation/π, and anion/π interactions is investigated. Aromaticity weakly hinders π-stacking and greatly hinders anion/π interactions, while greatly enhancing cation/π interactions. Nonaromatics, therefore, present themselves as a new target in design for π-stacking and anion/π interactions. The well-established local direct interaction model for π-stacking that substituent effects are due solely to local electrostatic changes has also been expanded herein. First, we show that the local direct model for substituent effects in π-stacking also applies to polar XH/π interactions. The nonpolar XH/π interactions vary little with substituent, depending only on changes in dispersion. The energetic changes of both sets of XH/π interactions follow well-known substituent constants. Next, the local direct interaction model is expanded to the use of electric fields to reconcile unusual similarity in the substituent effects between benzene, triazine, and borazine. Substituent effects for different rings are similar as long as the electric fields of those rings are similar in the location of the substituent. In fact, the substituent effect scales proportionally to the relative strength of those fields. Lastly, in an analysis on anion/π complexes with a variety of azines and benzene, it is shown that changes induced through the substitution of a carbon-hydrogen bond with nitrogen are almost exclusively from the nuclear charge differences. This reconciles well with the local direct interaction model. Advisors/Committee Members: Wheeler, Steven E (advisor), Lucchese, Robert R (committee member), Hall, Michael B (committee member), Balbuena, Perla B (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: ab initio calculations; aromaticity; noncovalent interactions; stacking interactions; supramolecular chemistry; SAPT; anion/pi; cation/pi; XH/pi

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bloom, J. W. G. (2014). Physical Models of Noncovalent Interactions Involving Aromatic Rings. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152628

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bloom, Jacob Walter Goldstein. “Physical Models of Noncovalent Interactions Involving Aromatic Rings.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152628.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bloom, Jacob Walter Goldstein. “Physical Models of Noncovalent Interactions Involving Aromatic Rings.” 2014. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Bloom JWG. Physical Models of Noncovalent Interactions Involving Aromatic Rings. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152628.

Council of Science Editors:

Bloom JWG. Physical Models of Noncovalent Interactions Involving Aromatic Rings. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152628

University of New Mexico

20. Lopez Moruno, Francisco. INVESTIGATION OF ANION AND CATION EXCHANGE MEMBRANES FOR ENHANCING DESALINATION AND POWER GENERATION IN A MICROBIAL DESALINATION CELL.

Degree: Civil Engineering, 2018, University of New Mexico

URL: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ce_etds/213

► Microbial desalination cell (MDC) is a bioelectrochemical system capable of oxidizing organics, generating electricity and reducing the salinity content into the desalination chamber. In… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: microbial desalination cell; desalination; power electricity; anion exchange membranes; cation exchange membranes; Civil and Environmental Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lopez Moruno, F. (2018). INVESTIGATION OF ANION AND CATION EXCHANGE MEMBRANES FOR ENHANCING DESALINATION AND POWER GENERATION IN A MICROBIAL DESALINATION CELL. (Masters Thesis). University of New Mexico. Retrieved from https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ce_etds/213

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lopez Moruno, Francisco. “INVESTIGATION OF ANION AND CATION EXCHANGE MEMBRANES FOR ENHANCING DESALINATION AND POWER GENERATION IN A MICROBIAL DESALINATION CELL.” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of New Mexico. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ce_etds/213.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lopez Moruno, Francisco. “INVESTIGATION OF ANION AND CATION EXCHANGE MEMBRANES FOR ENHANCING DESALINATION AND POWER GENERATION IN A MICROBIAL DESALINATION CELL.” 2018. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Lopez Moruno F. INVESTIGATION OF ANION AND CATION EXCHANGE MEMBRANES FOR ENHANCING DESALINATION AND POWER GENERATION IN A MICROBIAL DESALINATION CELL. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of New Mexico; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ce_etds/213.

Council of Science Editors:

Lopez Moruno F. INVESTIGATION OF ANION AND CATION EXCHANGE MEMBRANES FOR ENHANCING DESALINATION AND POWER GENERATION IN A MICROBIAL DESALINATION CELL. [Masters Thesis]. University of New Mexico; 2018. Available from: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ce_etds/213

Georgia State University

21. Brown, Warren D. Modeling And Experiments Of Electroosmotic Flow Effects On The Ion Transport In Nanopipettes.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2018, Georgia State University

URL: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/147

► Solid-state nanopores, nanopipettes, and other nano-channel type structures have been of significant interest due to potential applications in separation, energy storage, energy conversion, sensing,… (more)

▼ Solid-state nanopores, nanopipettes, and other nano-channel type structures have been of significant interest due to potential applications in separation, energy storage, energy conversion, sensing, imaging and localized delivery of stimulus. At the nanoscale interfacial properties of the substrate have significant impacts on fundamental transport processes, and interesting phenomena are observed such as current rectification and frequency dependent responses such as pinched hysteresis loops and cross points in conductivity measurements. It well known that the role of cations and anions in the respective contributions to the overall conductivity will depend on the charge sign on the substrate of interest but directly observing the behavior of ions is not currently accessible by available techniques. The electroosmotic flow (EOF) which is convoluted with migration and diffusive transport is difficult to quantify in nano-apertures and approaches such as using dyes to measure flow rate occur in apertures on the micrometer scale. We use finite element modeling of a nanopore system, by solving the Poisson-Nernst Planck and Navier-Stokes governing equations to elucidate the mechanism of ion transport behaviors in the dynamic transport regime. The determination and differentiation of the role of different nanostructures in terms of shape, half cone angle and radius/dimension on the ion transport is hampered by difficulty of fine control of fabrication experimentally. Using finite element modeling we elucidate the role of individual structure, surface and solution parameters on the ion transport behaviors of counter- and co-ions individually. This dissertation starts with an introduction on electrokinetic transport in the field of nanofluidics; chapter 2 quantifies the contribution of cations and anions to the ion redistribution process in nano-apertures; chapter 3 quantifies the EOF contribution to the ion transport in nano-apertures; chapter 4 demonstrates the mechanisms behind the EOF transport signatures; chapter 5 discusses ion redistribution and EOF in asymmetric concentration systems; and chapter 6 conclusions and future perspectives of these discoveries. The structure and fluid flow have a significant effect on individual ion behavior in the dynamic transport regime and in the case of flow there is a unique signature created by an electroosmotic flow which can be used to identify devices were flow is a significant component of the ion transport. Using this parameter such as selectivity and power generation can be optimized for applications such as energy extraction from a salinity gradient and water desalination. Advisors/Committee Members: Dr Gangli Wang.

Subjects/Keywords: Nanopipettes; Ion Transport; Selective cation and anion transport; Fluid Flow; Electroosmotic Flow; Desalination; Energy Conversion; Finite Element Simulation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Brown, W. D. (2018). Modeling And Experiments Of Electroosmotic Flow Effects On The Ion Transport In Nanopipettes. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/147

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brown, Warren D. “Modeling And Experiments Of Electroosmotic Flow Effects On The Ion Transport In Nanopipettes.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia State University. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/147.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brown, Warren D. “Modeling And Experiments Of Electroosmotic Flow Effects On The Ion Transport In Nanopipettes.” 2018. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Brown WD. Modeling And Experiments Of Electroosmotic Flow Effects On The Ion Transport In Nanopipettes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/147.

Council of Science Editors:

Brown WD. Modeling And Experiments Of Electroosmotic Flow Effects On The Ion Transport In Nanopipettes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia State University; 2018. Available from: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/147

McMaster University

22. Ivanova, Maria. SYNTHESES AND STRUCTURES OF RHENIUM(VII) AND MANGANESE(VII) OXIDE FLUORIDES, MANGANESE(V, IV) FLUORIDES, AND THE FIRST OXIDE OF XENON(II).

Degree: PhD, 2016, McMaster University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/20575

► This Thesis extends the chemistry of group VII transition metal oxide fluorides, namely ReO3F and MnO3F. The fundamental chemistry of ReO3F has been significantly extended… (more)

▼ This Thesis extends the chemistry of group VII transition metal oxide fluorides, namely ReO3F and MnO3F. The fundamental chemistry of ReO3F has been significantly extended with the development of its high-yield and high-purity synthesis. This has been achieved by solvolysis of Re2O7 in anhydrous HF (aHF) followed by reaction of the water formed with dissolved F2 at room temperature. The improved synthesis has allowed the Lewis acid and fluoride-ion donor-acceptor properties of ReO3F to be further investigated. The Lewis acid-base complex, (HF)2ReO3F·HF, was obtained by dissolution of ReO3F in aHF at room temperature and was characterized by vibrational spectroscopy with aid of quantum-chemical calculations and single-crystal X-ray diffraction at −173 °C. The HF molecules are F-coordinated to rhenium, representing the only known example of an HF complex with rhenium. The study of the fluoride-ion acceptor properties of ReO3F resulted in the syntheses and characterization of the [{ReO3(μ-F)}3(μ3-O)]2−, [ReO3F3]2−, and [ReO3F2]− anions. The [{ReO3(μ-F)}3(μ3-O)]2− anion was obtained as the [N(CH3)4]+ salt by the reaction of stoichiometric amounts of ReO3F and [N(CH3)4]F in CH3CN solvent. The anion was structurally characterized in CH3CN solution by 1D and 2D 19F NMR spectroscopy and in the solid state by Raman spectroscopy and a single-crystal X-ray structure determination of [N(CH3)4]2[{ReO3(μ-F)}3(μ3-O)]·CH3CN. The structure of the [{ReO3(μ-F)}3(μ3-O)]2– anion consists of three ReO3F units linked to each other through dicoordinate bridging fluorine atoms (F) and a central tricoordinate bridging oxygen atom (O3). Calculated vibrational frequencies and Raman intensities of the [{MO3(μ-F)}3(μ3-O)]2− (C3v) and [{MO3(μ-F)}3(μ3-F)]− (C3v) anions (M = Re, Tc) have been used to assign the Raman spectrum of [N(CH3)4]2[{ReO3(μ-F)}3(μ3-O)]·CH3CN. The fac-[ReO3F3]2− and [ReO3F2]− anions have been synthesized by the reactions of ReO3F with CsF and KF in aHF, and by reaction of ReO3F with NOF. Additionally, the [ReO3F2]− anion has been synthesized by the reaction of ReO3F with [NH4]F in aHF. Both anions were characterized by Raman spectroscopy in the solid state and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The calculated vibrational frequencies of the fac-[ReO3F3]2− (C3v) and [(µ-F)4(ReO3F)4]4− (C4v) anions were used to assign the Raman spectra of fac-[ReO3F3]2− and [ReO3F2]−, respectively. The rhenium atoms in the open-chain, fluorine-bridged [ReO3F2]− anion and the monomeric fac-[ReO3F3]2− anion are six-coordinate with a facial arrangement of the oxygen ligands. The fluoride-ion donor properties were established by the reactions of ReO3F with excess AsF5 and SbF5/SO2ClF. Both reactions resulted in the formation of white friable solids, µ-O(ReO2F)(AsF5)∙2AsF5 and [ReO3][Sb3F16]. The [ReO3][Sb3F16] salt is stable at room temperature and decomposes to [ReO2F2][SbF5], when maintained at 45 °C under dynamic vacuum. The µ-O(ReO2F)(AsF5)∙2AsF5, however, slowly decomposes at 0 °C to ReO3F and AsF5. Both products were characterized by Raman… Advisors/Committee Members: Schrobilgen, Gary J., Chemistry and Chemical Biology.

Subjects/Keywords: rhenium trioxide fluoride; rhenium(VII) trioxide cation; rhenium(VII) trioxide difluoride anion; rhenium(VII) trioxide trifluoride anion; first xenon(II) oxide cation; first manganese(V) fluorides; new rhenium(VII) oxide fluoride

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ivanova, M. (2016). SYNTHESES AND STRUCTURES OF RHENIUM(VII) AND MANGANESE(VII) OXIDE FLUORIDES, MANGANESE(V, IV) FLUORIDES, AND THE FIRST OXIDE OF XENON(II). (Doctoral Dissertation). McMaster University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11375/20575

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ivanova, Maria. “SYNTHESES AND STRUCTURES OF RHENIUM(VII) AND MANGANESE(VII) OXIDE FLUORIDES, MANGANESE(V, IV) FLUORIDES, AND THE FIRST OXIDE OF XENON(II).” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, McMaster University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11375/20575.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ivanova, Maria. “SYNTHESES AND STRUCTURES OF RHENIUM(VII) AND MANGANESE(VII) OXIDE FLUORIDES, MANGANESE(V, IV) FLUORIDES, AND THE FIRST OXIDE OF XENON(II).” 2016. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ivanova M. SYNTHESES AND STRUCTURES OF RHENIUM(VII) AND MANGANESE(VII) OXIDE FLUORIDES, MANGANESE(V, IV) FLUORIDES, AND THE FIRST OXIDE OF XENON(II). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. McMaster University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/20575.

Council of Science Editors:

Ivanova M. SYNTHESES AND STRUCTURES OF RHENIUM(VII) AND MANGANESE(VII) OXIDE FLUORIDES, MANGANESE(V, IV) FLUORIDES, AND THE FIRST OXIDE OF XENON(II). [Doctoral Dissertation]. McMaster University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/20575

23. Jalil Pour Kivi, Soghra. The Effect of Metal Solution Contaminants on the Electro-catalyst Activities of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell .

Degree: 2019, University of Ottawa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38807

► Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are considered a clean source of electrical power for future energy demand, creating a potential to reduce our dependency on… (more)

▼ Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are considered a clean source of electrical power for future energy demand, creating a potential to reduce our dependency on fossil fuels. Despite their advantages, including high energy density, efficiency and easy handling and distribution of fuel, the commercialization of DMFCs has suffered from some drawbacks, including methanol crossover and contamination of the system. Metal cation contaminants (such as Ni, Co, etc) introduced through the degradation of fuel cell components (bipolar plate and electro-catalyst layer) can significantly affect the Nafion-membrane properties and overall fuel cell performance. In the current study, a systematic approach is taken to characterize and identify the mechanism of the effect of metal solution contaminants on the activities of electro-catalysts of DMFCs. Cyclic voltammetry and rotating disk electrode (RDE) techniques were utilized in order to characterize the effect of various concentrations (i.e., 2x10-x M (x=1-7)) of six metal solution contaminants (i.e., Co, Ni and Zn with sulfate and nitrate as counter-anions) on the voltammetric properties and electro-catalytic activity of polycrystalline Pt during methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The results showed a decrease in the MOR and ORR activities of Pt as the concentration of metal solution increased. The effect of counter-anion on the Pt activity was further investigated. The results showed that a combined effect of counter-anions and metal cations may be responsible for the decrease in the electro-catalytic activity of Pt. The effect of metal solution contaminants on the Nafion-ionomer of anode electro-catalysts was investigated using Nafion-coated Pt electrode. Voltammetric properties and MOR activities of Nafion-coated and bare Pt electrodes in the presence of Ni solution contaminants were characterized using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The overall results showed a significant negative effect of Ni solution contaminants on the electro-catalytic activity of bare Pt electrode as compared to the Nafion-coated Pt electrode. Based on the results, it appears that Nafion-ionomer film may interact with metal cations (through its sulfonate groups) and repel them away from the Pt active sites, partially inhibiting the negative effect of metal cations on the Pt activity of Nafion-coated Pt electrode. The effect of metal solution contaminants on the carbon-supported platinum nanoparticle (Pt/C) with various Nafion-ionomer distributions and contents (i.e., Nafion-incorporated Pt/C and Nafion-coated Pt/C electrodes) was further investigated. Cyclic voltammetry and EIS techniques were employed to characterize the effect of Ni solution contaminants on the voltammetric properties and MOR activities of Nafion-incorporated and Nafion-coated Pt/C electrodes. The overall results showed a stronger negative effect of Ni solution contaminants on the electro-catalytic activity of Nafion-incorporated Pt/C electrodes as compared to…

Subjects/Keywords: DMFC; Cobalt/Nickel/Zinc UPD; Cation/Anion Contaminants; Nafion ionomer

…cation contaminants (e.g., Fe3+, Cr3+, and Ni2+) can be introduced to the fuel cell… …x5B;4]. In addition to the air impurities, the presence of metal cation contaminants… …cells in the presence of metal cation contaminants have been extensively investigated, the… …effect of metal cation contaminants on the electro-catalyst activities of fuel cells is not… …cation contaminants (e.g., Fe 2+, Cr3+, 16 Ni2+ and Cu2+) can be introduced to the…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jalil Pour Kivi, S. (2019). The Effect of Metal Solution Contaminants on the Electro-catalyst Activities of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell . (Thesis). University of Ottawa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38807

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jalil Pour Kivi, Soghra. “The Effect of Metal Solution Contaminants on the Electro-catalyst Activities of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell .” 2019. Thesis, University of Ottawa. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38807.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jalil Pour Kivi, Soghra. “The Effect of Metal Solution Contaminants on the Electro-catalyst Activities of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell .” 2019. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Jalil Pour Kivi S. The Effect of Metal Solution Contaminants on the Electro-catalyst Activities of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38807.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jalil Pour Kivi S. The Effect of Metal Solution Contaminants on the Electro-catalyst Activities of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell . [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38807

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Loughborough University

24. Zainal-Abidin-Murad, Sumaiya. Production of biodiesel from used cooking oil (UCO) using ion exchange resins as catalysts.

Degree: PhD, 2012, Loughborough University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/10276

► This study focuses on the development of novel two-stage esterification-transesterification synthesis of biodiesel from used cooking oil (UCO) using novel heterogeneous catalysts. The esterification of… (more)

▼ This study focuses on the development of novel two-stage esterification-transesterification synthesis of biodiesel from used cooking oil (UCO) using novel heterogeneous catalysts. The esterification of the UCO was investigated using three types of ion exchange resins catalysts including Purolite D5081, Purolite D5082 and Amberlyst 15. Of all the catalysts investigated, Purolite D5081 resin showed the best catalytic performance and was selected for further optimisation studies. From the optimisation study, it was found that the external and internal mass transfer resistance has negligible effect on the esterification reaction. At the optimum reaction conditions, Purolite D5081 achieved 92% conversion of FFA. During reusability study, the conversion of FFA dropped by 10% after each cycle and it was found that progressive pore blockage and sulphur leaching were dominant factors that decreased the catalytic performance of the Purolite D5081 catalyst. A kinetic modelling for FFA esterification was carried out using Purolite D5081 as a catalyst. Three types of kinetic models were investigated i.e. pseudo homogeneous (PH), Eley-Rideal (ER) and Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW). Experimental data obtained from the batch kinetic studies was successfully represented by the PH model and a good agreement between experimental and calculated values was obtained. The activation energy for esterification and hydrolysis reaction was found to be 53 and 107 kJ/moL. The transesterification of pre-treated cooking oil (P-UCO) was investigated using various types of heterogeneous catalysts including Purolite CT-122, Purolite CT-169, Purolite CT-175, Purolite CT-275, Purolite D5081, Diaion PA306s and Cs-supported heteropolyacids catalysts. Of all the catalysts investigated, Diaion PA306s catalyst showed the highest conversion of triglycerides and was selected for further optimisation studies. At the optimum reaction conditions, Diaion PA306s achieved ca. 75% of triglycerides conversion. During the reusability study, Diaion PA306s catalyst gave a similar conversion of triglycerides after being reused once. Therefore, it was concluded that the resin can be used several times without losing catalytic activity. Several purification methods have been investigated and dry washing method was chosen as the best alternative for biodiesel purification.

Subjects/Keywords: 541; Anion exchange resin; Batch reactor; Batch kinetic modelling; Biodiesel; Cation exchange resin; Esterification; Free fatty acids; Heterogeneous catalysis; Transesterification; Catalyst reusability; Triglycerides

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Zainal-Abidin-Murad, S. (2012). Production of biodiesel from used cooking oil (UCO) using ion exchange resins as catalysts. (Doctoral Dissertation). Loughborough University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2134/10276

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zainal-Abidin-Murad, Sumaiya. “Production of biodiesel from used cooking oil (UCO) using ion exchange resins as catalysts.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Loughborough University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2134/10276.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zainal-Abidin-Murad, Sumaiya. “Production of biodiesel from used cooking oil (UCO) using ion exchange resins as catalysts.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Zainal-Abidin-Murad S. Production of biodiesel from used cooking oil (UCO) using ion exchange resins as catalysts. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Loughborough University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/10276.

Council of Science Editors:

Zainal-Abidin-Murad S. Production of biodiesel from used cooking oil (UCO) using ion exchange resins as catalysts. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Loughborough University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/10276

University of Kentucky

25. Chen, Jing. SOLUTION AND SOLID STATE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN IONIC π-SYSTEMS.

Degree: 2006, University of Kentucky

URL: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/289

► Although attractive interactions between π systems (π-π interaction) have been known for many years, understanding of its origin is still incomplete. Quantitative measuring of π-stacking… (more)

▼ Although attractive interactions between π systems (π-π interaction) have been known for many years, understanding of its origin is still incomplete. Quantitative measuring of π-stacking is challenging due to the weak nature of the π-π interaction. This dissertation aims at elucidating a quantitative conformational analysis by NMR ring current anisotropy of an organic compound capable of intramolecular π-stacking in solution and studying charge effects on the stacking of π-systems. This dissertation offers four contributions to the area. (1) A general approach to four-state, conformational analysis based on the magnetic anisotropy of molecules undergoing fast dynamic exchange is described. (2) Study unveiled the importance of charges in the conformation of a dication in the solution. (3) Novel aromatic salt pairs of triangulene derivatives with the delocalized cation-anion interaction were synthesized and studied. (4) Study unveiled ionic π-systems preferred face-to-face stacking due to strong cation-π and anion-cation attractions. A general protocol for the application of magnetic anisotropy to quantitative multi-state conformational analysis of molecules undergoing fast conformational exchange was suggested in the current study. The reliability of this method of conformational analysis was checked by the mass balance. VT-NMR was also conducted to study the enthalpic parameters. This technique can be further used to study canonical interactions such as ion pairing, hydrogen boning, and molecular recognition. In the current study, dependence of the probe conformations on the dispersive interactions at the aromatic edges between solvent and probes was tested by conformational distributions of the fluorinated derivatives (2b and 2c) of the probe molecule (1a). Solution and solid studies of these molecules put the previous conclusion drawn by the Cammers group in question. Current studies show that the dispersive interaction at the aromatic edge could not be the predominant force on the conformational changes in the probe molecule 1a during the fluoroalkanol perturbation. This study indicated that charges might be important in the formation of the folding conformations in the solution and solid state of 1a, 2b, and 2c. A contribution of this thesis was to prepare and study a conformational model that lacked charges. The previous molecules were charged. The solid-state structures of pyridinium-derived aromatic rings from the CSD (Cambridge Structural Database) were studied to investigate the π-π interaction between cationic π-systems in solid state. Novel aromatic salt pairs of triangulene derivatives with the delocalized cation-anion interaction were synthesized to study the π-π interaction between two aromatic rings that carried opposite charges. This study showed that the interaction between ionic π-systems can be enhanced by cation-π and anion-cation attractions. The stackings of these π-systems introduce more overlap, closer packing and stronger atomic contact than that of the solid states of comparable neutral…

Subjects/Keywords: Conformation analysis|Pyridinium-derived aromatic rings|Aromatic salt pairs|Cation-π interaction|Anion-cation attraction; Chemistry

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Chen, J. (2006). SOLUTION AND SOLID STATE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN IONIC π-SYSTEMS. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Kentucky. Retrieved from https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/289

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chen, Jing. “SOLUTION AND SOLID STATE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN IONIC π-SYSTEMS.” 2006. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Kentucky. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/289.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chen, Jing. “SOLUTION AND SOLID STATE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN IONIC π-SYSTEMS.” 2006. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Chen J. SOLUTION AND SOLID STATE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN IONIC π-SYSTEMS. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Kentucky; 2006. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/289.

Council of Science Editors:

Chen J. SOLUTION AND SOLID STATE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN IONIC π-SYSTEMS. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Kentucky; 2006. Available from: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/289

Loughborough University

26. James, Lewis J. Fluid and electrolyte balance during dietary restriction.

Degree: PhD, 2012, Loughborough University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/10138

► It is known that during fluid restriction, obligatory water losses continue and hypohydration develops and that restricted energy intake leads to a concomitant restriction of… (more)

▼ It is known that during fluid restriction, obligatory water losses continue and hypohydration develops and that restricted energy intake leads to a concomitant restriction of all other dietary components, as well as hypohydration, but the specific effects of periods of fluid and/ or energy restriction on fluid balance, electrolyte balance and exercise performance have not been systematically described in the scientific literature. There were two main aims of this thesis. Firstly, to describe the effects of periods of severe fluid and/ or energy restriction on fluid and electrolyte balance; secondly, to determine the effect of electrolyte supplementation during and after energy restriction on fluid and electrolyte balance as well as energy exercise performance. The severe restriction of fluid and/ or energy intake over a 24 h period all resulted in body mass loss (BML) and hypohydration, but whilst serum osmolality increases during fluid restriction (hypertonic hypohydration), serum osmolality does not change during energy restriction (isotonic hypohydration), despite similar reductions in plasma volume (Chapter 3). These differences in the tonicity of the hypohydration developed are most likely explainable by differences in electrolyte balance, with fluid restriction resulting in no change in electrolyte balance over 24 h (Chapter 3) and energy restriction (with or without fluid restriction) producing significant reductions in electrolyte balance by 24 h (Chapter 3; Chapter 4; Chapter 5; Chapter 6; Chapter 7). Twenty four hour combined fluid and energy restriction results in large negative balances of both sodium and potassium, and whilst the addition of sodium chloride to a rehydration solution ingested after fluid and energy restriction increases drink retention, the addition of potassium chloride to a rehydration solution does not (Chapter 4). Supplementation of sodium chloride and potassium chloride during periods of severe energy restriction reduces the BML observed during energy restriction and maintains plasma volume at pre-energy restriction levels (Chapter 5; Chapter 6; Chapter 7). iv These responses to electrolyte supplementation during energy restriction appear to be related to better maintenance of serum osmolality and electrolyte concentrations and a consequential reduction in urine output (Chapter 5; Chapter 6; Chapter 7). Additionally, 48 h energy restriction resulted in a reduction in exercise capacity in a hot environment and an increase in heart rate and core temperature during exercise, compared to a control trial providing adequate energy intake. Whilst electrolyte supplementation during the same 48 h period of energy restriction prevented these increases in heart rate and core temperature and exercise capacity was not different from the control trial Chapter 8). In conclusion, 24-48 h energy restriction results in large losses of sodium, potassium and chloride in urine and a large reduction in body mass and plasma volume and supplementation of these electrolytes during energy restriction reduces…

Subjects/Keywords: 613.7; Fluid restriction; Energy restriction; Dietary manipulation; Electrolyte balance; Hypohydration; Exercise capacity

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

James, L. J. (2012). Fluid and electrolyte balance during dietary restriction. (Doctoral Dissertation). Loughborough University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2134/10138

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

James, Lewis J. “Fluid and electrolyte balance during dietary restriction.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Loughborough University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2134/10138.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

James, Lewis J. “Fluid and electrolyte balance during dietary restriction.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

James LJ. Fluid and electrolyte balance during dietary restriction. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Loughborough University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/10138.

Council of Science Editors:

James LJ. Fluid and electrolyte balance during dietary restriction. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Loughborough University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/10138

Washington State University

27. [No author]. PENTAVALENT ACTINYL CATION-CATION COMPLEXES IN AQUEOUS AND NON-AQUEOUS MEDIA .

Degree: 2012, Washington State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2376/4319

► A primary component of advanced nuclear fuel cycles is the separation of trivalent lanthanides from trivalent minor actinides. Due to similar chemistries of these two… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Chemistry; actinides; cation-cation

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APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2012). PENTAVALENT ACTINYL CATION-CATION COMPLEXES IN AQUEOUS AND NON-AQUEOUS MEDIA . (Thesis). Washington State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2376/4319

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “PENTAVALENT ACTINYL CATION-CATION COMPLEXES IN AQUEOUS AND NON-AQUEOUS MEDIA .” 2012. Thesis, Washington State University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2376/4319.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “PENTAVALENT ACTINYL CATION-CATION COMPLEXES IN AQUEOUS AND NON-AQUEOUS MEDIA .” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

author] [. PENTAVALENT ACTINYL CATION-CATION COMPLEXES IN AQUEOUS AND NON-AQUEOUS MEDIA . [Internet] [Thesis]. Washington State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2376/4319.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. PENTAVALENT ACTINYL CATION-CATION COMPLEXES IN AQUEOUS AND NON-AQUEOUS MEDIA . [Thesis]. Washington State University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2376/4319

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

28. Del Claro, Gustavo Ribeiro. Influência do balanço cátion-aniônico da dieta no desempenho de ovinos.

Degree: Mestrado, Qualidade e Produtividade Animal, 2003, University of São Paulo

URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-28042004-123947/ ;

►

O efeito do balanço cátion-aniônico da dieta (BCAD) no desempenho, balanço macromineral (cálcio, fósforo, sódio e potássio), na fermentação ruminal , pH urinário e na… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: anion; ânion; BCAD; cálcio; calcium; cation; cátion; DCAB; desempenho; fósforo; performance; pH; pH; phosphorus

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Del Claro, G. R. (2003). Influência do balanço cátion-aniônico da dieta no desempenho de ovinos. (Masters Thesis). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-28042004-123947/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Del Claro, Gustavo Ribeiro. “Influência do balanço cátion-aniônico da dieta no desempenho de ovinos.” 2003. Masters Thesis, University of São Paulo. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-28042004-123947/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Del Claro, Gustavo Ribeiro. “Influência do balanço cátion-aniônico da dieta no desempenho de ovinos.” 2003. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Del Claro GR. Influência do balanço cátion-aniônico da dieta no desempenho de ovinos. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2003. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-28042004-123947/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Del Claro GR. Influência do balanço cátion-aniônico da dieta no desempenho de ovinos. [Masters Thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2003. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-28042004-123947/ ;

29. Correa, Lisia Bertonha. Dietas catiônicas no desempenho e parâmetros ácido-base de vacas em lactação.

Degree: Mestrado, Qualidade e Produtividade Animal, 2006, University of São Paulo

URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-05102006-100646/ ;

►

Foram utilizadas 8 vacas Holandesas em lactação, distribuídas em um quadrado latino (4x4), replicado, conduzidos durante o verão, por um período de 72 dias. O… (more)

▼

Foram utilizadas 8 vacas Holandesas em lactação, distribuídas em um quadrado latino (4x4), replicado, conduzidos durante o verão, por um período de 72 dias. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar quatro níveis de dietas catiônicas, sobre a IMS, produção, composição e propriedades físico-químicas do leite, pH urinário, temperatura corporal e parâmetros ácido-base do sangue, em vacas após o pico de lactação. Para a manipulação do BCAD, foram adicionadas diferentes concentrações de bicarbonato de sódio nas dietas, obtendo-se os seguintes tratamentos: +150, +250, +400 e +500mEq/kg MS. A temperatura corporal das vacas não foi afetada pelo balanço cátion-aniônico da dieta. O bicarbonato, o pH, o CO2 total e a pCO2 do sangue aumentaram linearmente com o aumento do BCAD. A concentração de cálcio no sangue apresentou resposta quadrática, com maior valor para o menor BCAD. As concentrações de sódio e potássio do sangue não foram modificadas significativamente pelo BCAD e a concentração de cloro diminuiu linearmente com o aumento do BCAD. O aumento do BCAD resultou em aumento da ingestão de matéria seca e produção de leite. Não houve diferença significativa para as variáveis: porcentagem de gordura, densidade e índice crioscópico, do leite. O pH do leite aumentou linearmente e a acidez apresentou resposta cúbica, com o aumento do BCAD. Conclui-se que a manipulação do BCAD afeta o equilíbrio ácido-base das vacas, mesmo dentro de variação positiva. Devido ao aumento da IMS e da produção de leite, verificou-se efeito benéfico do uso de dietas catiônicas, para vacas após o pico de lactação.

Eight lactating Holsteins cows were distributed in 4 x 4 replicated Latin square, during the summer, for a period of 72 days. The objective of this research was to study the effect of four cationic diets levels, on the dry matter intake, milk production, composition, and physico-chemical parameters, urinary pH, body temperature and blood acid-base parameters, in cows, after the lactation peak. For DCAB manipulation were added different concentrations of sodium bicarbonate in the diets and the following treatments were obtainned: +150, +250, +400 e +500mEq/kg DM. The cows body temperature was not affected by dietary cation-anion balance. Blood bicarbonate, pH, total CO2 and pCO2 increased linearly with the increase of dietary CAB. Calcium concentration in the blood decreased quadratically with dietary CAB increased. Sodium and potassium concentration in the blood were not modified significantly with the DCAB and concentration of chloride decreased linearly with increase of DCAB. Increasing BCAD resulted in higher DM intake and milk yield. The diets did not affect milk fat percentage, density and crioscopic index. Milk pH increased linearly and acidity decreased cubically with the increase of dietary CAB. It was concluded that DCAB manipulation affected the acid-base status of cows, even inside of positive variation. Due to the increase of DM intake and milk yield, it was verified a beneficial effect of the cationic diets for cows after the…

Advisors/Committee Members: Zanetti, Marcus Antonio.

Subjects/Keywords: BCAD; bicarbonate; bicarbonato; cation-anion; cátion-ânion; DCAB; lactação; lactation; minerais; minerals; nutrição; nutrition

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Correa, L. B. (2006). Dietas catiônicas no desempenho e parâmetros ácido-base de vacas em lactação. (Masters Thesis). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-05102006-100646/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Correa, Lisia Bertonha. “Dietas catiônicas no desempenho e parâmetros ácido-base de vacas em lactação.” 2006. Masters Thesis, University of São Paulo. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-05102006-100646/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Correa, Lisia Bertonha. “Dietas catiônicas no desempenho e parâmetros ácido-base de vacas em lactação.” 2006. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Correa LB. Dietas catiônicas no desempenho e parâmetros ácido-base de vacas em lactação. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2006. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-05102006-100646/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Correa LB. Dietas catiônicas no desempenho e parâmetros ácido-base de vacas em lactação. [Masters Thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2006. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-05102006-100646/ ;

30. Meirelles, Rodrigo Lemos. Efeito do balanço cátion-aniônico em conjunto com diferentes proporcões de volumoso e concentrado na degradabilidade ruminal.

Degree: Mestrado, Qualidade e Produtividade Animal, 2005, University of São Paulo

URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-20042006-125358/ ;

►

Os efeitos do balanço cátion-aniônico da dieta (BCAD) na degradabilidade ruminal da MS e PB do farelo de soja, degradabilidade ruminal da MS e amido… (more)

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Os efeitos do balanço cátion-aniônico da dieta (BCAD) na degradabilidade ruminal da MS e PB do farelo de soja, degradabilidade ruminal da MS e amido do fubá de milho, foram estudados em dois experimentos com diferentes proporções de volumoso:concentrado (experimento 1 - 60:40; experimento 2 - 40:60), em 12 bezerros Holandeses (peso médio de 91,55kg e de 117,62kg respectivamente), portadores de cânulas ruminais, realizados no Campus Administrativo de Pirassununga/SP, na FZEA/USP. Os períodos experimentais foram de 35 dias, sendo 14 dias de adaptação dos animais às gaiolas e às dietas e 21 dias de colheita de dados, com 15 dias de descanso. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos e quatro repetições em ambos os experimentos. Para a manipulação do BCAD, foram adicionados sulfato de amônio e bicarbonato de sódio, obtendo-se os seguintes tratamentos no experimento 1: -123, +218 e +341 mEq/kg MS; e no experimento 2: -127, +207 e +397 mEq/kg MS. Utilizou-se silagem de milho como fonte de volumoso. Os níveis de BCAD influenciaram as degradabilidades ruminais da MS e PB do farelo de soja com a proporção de volumoso:concentrado de 60:40 (P<0,10). As degradabilidades ruminais da MS e amido do fubá de milho com a proporção volumoso:concentrado de 60:40, não foram afetadas pelos níveis de BCAD (P>0,10), assim como as degradabilidades ruminais da MS e PB do farelo de soja, MS e amido do fubá de milho com a proporção volumoso:concentrado de 40:60 (P>0,10).

The DCAB effects on dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradability of soybean meal and DCAB effects on DM and corn meal degradability were investigated in two trials with different rate of roughage:concentrate (experiment 1: 60:40, experiment 2: 40:60). Twelve Holstein calves with ruminal cannula were used in each experiment (91,55 kg and 117,62 kg of mean weight, respectively). Both experiments were conducted at FZEA/USP, Pirassununga/SP. The experimental periods were constituted by 35 days (14 days adaptation and 21 days data collection) with 15 days of interval. It was used completely design, with three treatments and four repetitions. For DCAB manipulation were added ammonium sulfate and sodium bicarbonate in order to achieve the following values: experiment 1: -123, +218, +341 mEq/kg DM, experiment 2: -127, +207, +397 mEq/kg DM. The diet was based on corn silage as forage. The DCAB ratios affected DM and soybean meal CP degradabilities when 60:40 roughage:concentrate ratio were used (P<0,10). DM and corn meal degradabilities were not affected by DCAB ratios (P>0,10), as well as DM and soybean meal CP degradabilities when 40:60 roughage:concentrate ratio were used P<0,10).

Advisors/Committee Members: Salles, Marcia Saladini Vieira.

Subjects/Keywords: anion; ânion; BCAD; cation; cátion; corn; DCAB; degradabilidade ruminal; milho; ruminal degradability; soja; soybean

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APA (6^th Edition):

Meirelles, R. L. (2005). Efeito do balanço cátion-aniônico em conjunto com diferentes proporcões de volumoso e concentrado na degradabilidade ruminal. (Masters Thesis). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-20042006-125358/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Meirelles, Rodrigo Lemos. “Efeito do balanço cátion-aniônico em conjunto com diferentes proporcões de volumoso e concentrado na degradabilidade ruminal.” 2005. Masters Thesis, University of São Paulo. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-20042006-125358/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Meirelles, Rodrigo Lemos. “Efeito do balanço cátion-aniônico em conjunto com diferentes proporcões de volumoso e concentrado na degradabilidade ruminal.” 2005. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Meirelles RL. Efeito do balanço cátion-aniônico em conjunto com diferentes proporcões de volumoso e concentrado na degradabilidade ruminal. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2005. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-20042006-125358/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Meirelles RL. Efeito do balanço cátion-aniônico em conjunto com diferentes proporcões de volumoso e concentrado na degradabilidade ruminal. [Masters Thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2005. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-20042006-125358/ ;

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