subject:(developmental constraint)

1. Womack, Molly Corinne. Evolution of 'earlessness' in the true Toad family (Bufonidae), The.

Degree: PhD, Biology, 2016, Colorado State University

► Anurans (frogs and toads) have a tympanic middle ear to transmit airborne sound from the environment to their inner ear sensory cells. Yet, many bufonid… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: comparative morphology; earless; sensory loss; developmental constraint; anurans; evolutionary development

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APA (6^th Edition):

Womack, M. C. (2016). Evolution of 'earlessness' in the true Toad family (Bufonidae), The. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/178880

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Womack, Molly Corinne. “Evolution of 'earlessness' in the true Toad family (Bufonidae), The.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed January 23, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/178880.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Womack, Molly Corinne. “Evolution of 'earlessness' in the true Toad family (Bufonidae), The.” 2016. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Womack MC. Evolution of 'earlessness' in the true Toad family (Bufonidae), The. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/178880.

Council of Science Editors:

Womack MC. Evolution of 'earlessness' in the true Toad family (Bufonidae), The. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/178880

2. Psujek, Sean Thomas. The Role of Developmental Bias in a Simulated Evo-devo System.

Degree: PhD, Biology, 2009, Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1232655232

► The success of the Modern Synthesis has resulted in forces of evolutionary change other than natural selection being marginalized. However, recent work has attempted to… (more)

▼ The success of the Modern Synthesis has resulted in forces of evolutionary change other than natural selection being marginalized. However, recent work has attempted to show the importance of non-selective influences in shaping organic form. One such force is developmental bias, the differential produced of phenotypes. I use a simulation model of neural development to explore questions of general interest about developmental systems. From an analysis of the bias in the production of phenotypic variants in the developmental model, I find the pattern of developmental bias varies strongly with the genotype even among phenotypically-neutral genotypes. In addition to this genotype-dependent developmental bias (local bias), an intrinsic bias exists in the developmental system (global bias). I also show that developmental bias varies among related genotypes that produce the same phenotype. Finally, I illustrate how a pattern of bias emerges from the manner in which mutations affect the regulatory structure of the wild-type genotype. These results suggest that developmental bias could have a strong influence on the direction of evolutionary modification. In subsequent analyses exploring the interaction of developmental bias and selection during adaptive evolution, I find developmental bias guides phenotypic transitions with the result that multiple phenotypic pathways are taken towards the target phenotype across simulations. I also find higher-fitness phenotypes often become accessible with the accumulation of selectively-neutral mutations. The change in accessibility is due to alterations of the regulatory structure of the genotypes through the neutral mutations. This lability of developmental bias recommends a comparative approach to the experimental investigation of bias in natural systems. The alteration of phenotypic accessibility following the accumulation of neutral mutations can be conceptualized as a population moving along a network of isofitness genotypes linked by mutations (neutral networks). The phenotypes produced by non-fitness-neutral neighbors of the neutral genotypes are likely to vary as the population moves to different regions of the network. These networks are created by the mutational operator and the degeneracies of the dual mappings of genotype to phenotype and phenotype to fitness. Topological properties of the neutral networks could lead to insights into the impact on evolvability of developmental systems. Advisors/Committee Members: Beer, Randall (Committee Chair).

Subjects/Keywords: Biology; evo-devo; developmental constraint; developmental bias; neutral networks

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Psujek, S. T. (2009). The Role of Developmental Bias in a Simulated Evo-devo System. (Doctoral Dissertation). Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1232655232

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Psujek, Sean Thomas. “The Role of Developmental Bias in a Simulated Evo-devo System.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies. Accessed January 23, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1232655232.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Psujek, Sean Thomas. “The Role of Developmental Bias in a Simulated Evo-devo System.” 2009. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Psujek ST. The Role of Developmental Bias in a Simulated Evo-devo System. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1232655232.

Council of Science Editors:

Psujek ST. The Role of Developmental Bias in a Simulated Evo-devo System. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies; 2009. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1232655232

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya

3. Acevedo Valle, Juan Manuel. Sensorimotor exploration: constraint awareness and social reinforcement in early vocal development.

Degree: Departament d'Enginyeria de Sistemes, Automàtica i Informàtica Industrial, 2018, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667500

► La motivació principal d'aquest treball és la magnitud que les contribucions al coneixement en relació al desenvolupament infantil poden aportar a diferents camps de la… (more)

▼ La motivació principal d'aquest treball és la magnitud que les contribucions al coneixement en relació al desenvolupament infantil poden aportar a diferents camps de la ciència. Particularment, aquest treball s'enfoca en l'estudi dels comportaments d’autoexploració sensorimotora en un marc robòtic i inspirat en el camp de la psicologia del desenvolupament. El nostre objectiu principal és entendre el paper que juguen les restriccions motores i els reflexos imitatius durant l’exploració espontània observada en infants. Així mateix, aquest treball fa especial èmfasi en el desenvolupament vocal-auditiu en infants, que els proveeix amb les eines que els permetran produir les seves primeres paraules. Treballs anteriors han demostrat que els comportaments d'autoexploració sensorimotora en nens, la qual ocorre en gran mesura per motivacions intrínseques, és un element important per aprendre a controlar el seu cos per tal d'assolir estats sensorials específics. A més, evidencies obtingudes d'estudis biològics suggereixen que l’adquisició de coneixement és regulada per l'ambient en el qual un agent cognitiu es desenvolupa i pel cos de l'agent per se. Fins i tot, els processos de desenvolupament que ocorren a nivell físic, cognitiu i social també regulen què és après i quan això ès après. La primera part d'aquest treball proveeix el lector amb les evidencies teòrica i pràctica que demostren la rellevància d'aquesta investigació. Recorrent conceptes que van des de les ciències cognitives i del desenvolupament, vam arribar a la conclusió que el llenguatge, i per tant la parla, han de ser estudiats com a fenòmens cognitius que requereixen un cos físic i a més un ambient propici per a la seva existència. En l'actualitat els sistemes robòtics, reals i simulats, poden ser considerats com a elements per a l'estudi dels fenòmens cognitius naturals. En aquest treball considerem un exemple simple per provar les arquitectures cognitives que proposem, i posteriorment utilitzem aquestes arquitectures amb un sintetitzador de veu similar al mecanisme humà de producció de la parla. Com a primera contribució d'aquest treball proposem introduir un mecanisme per construir robots capaços de considerar les seves pròpies restriccions motores durant l'etapa d'autoexploració sensorimotora. Certs mecanismes de motivació intrínseca per exploració sensorimotora han estat estudiats com a possibles conductors de les trajectòries de desenvolupament observades durant el desenvolupament primerenc de la parla. No obstant això, en previs estudis no es va considerar que aquest desenvolupament és delimitat per restriccions a causa de l'ambient, el cos físic, i les capacitats sensorials, motores i cognitives. A la nostra arquitectura, assumim que un agent artificial no compta amb coneixement dels seus limitants motors, i per tant ha de descobrir-los durant l'etapa d'autoexploració. Per a tal efecte, l'agent és proveït d'un sistema somatosensorial que li indica quan una configuració motora viola les restriccions imposades pel propi cos. Finalment, com a… Advisors/Committee Members: [email protected] (authoremail), false (authoremailshow), Angulo Bahón, Cecilio (director).

Subjects/Keywords: Developmental robotics; Sensorimotor exploration; Constraint awareness; Social reinforcement; Incremental learning; Gaussian mixture models; Speech technologies; Language; Sensorimotor contingencies; Artificial vocal development; 004; 68

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Acevedo Valle, J. M. (2018). Sensorimotor exploration: constraint awareness and social reinforcement in early vocal development. (Thesis). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667500

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Acevedo Valle, Juan Manuel. “Sensorimotor exploration: constraint awareness and social reinforcement in early vocal development.” 2018. Thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Accessed January 23, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667500.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Acevedo Valle, Juan Manuel. “Sensorimotor exploration: constraint awareness and social reinforcement in early vocal development.” 2018. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Acevedo Valle JM. Sensorimotor exploration: constraint awareness and social reinforcement in early vocal development. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667500.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Acevedo Valle JM. Sensorimotor exploration: constraint awareness and social reinforcement in early vocal development. [Thesis]. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667500

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Dayton

4. Golconda, Sarah Rajini. Why is Nature Able to Mold Some Phenotypes More Readily than Others? Investigating the Structure, Function and Evolution of ßeta-2 Tubulin in Drosophila Melanogaster.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Biology, 2018, University of Dayton

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1524837421834622

► Some phenotypes have more ability to evolve than others, captured by the term “evolvability.” While some traits can evolve rapidly, such as the shape, color… (more)

▼ Some phenotypes have more ability to evolve than others, captured by the term “evolvability.” While some traits can evolve rapidly, such as the shape, color and size of a butterfly wing, the Drosophila testis specific beta-2 (ß2) tubulin protein, a fundamental component of the spermtail axonemes, has not evolved in over 60 million years. This protein is a main element of the microtubules within the axoneme which supports the motility of the sperm cell. There is a 9+2 configuration of microtubules, nine doublets of microtubules arranged along the outer edge of the structure with two central microtubules. Each microtubule consists of tubulin dimers of ß2 tubulin and the major alpha tubulin isoform 84B which is present in most cells of the body. Previous studies have shown that substitutions of the of beta-1 tubulin, a 95% identical paralog of beta-2 expressed in somatic cells, and chimeric tubulins composed of beta-1 and beta-2 tubulin sequence are unable to support a motile axoneme, indicating the axoneme is highly sensitive to beta tubulin structure. From these findings, evolutionary conservation and highly sensitive structure/ function relationship, two hypotheses tested here were developed for the long conservation of ß2 tubulin. The first, stabilizing selection: nature is constantly selecting a particular sequence even though other sequences may work due to differences in the quality of sperm produced. Or, it may be that there is no alternative sequences that function, and a co-evolutionary event with another protein found within the axoneme is required to release beta-2 tubulin to evolve. These hypotheses were tested using the substitution of a beta-2 ortholog, the gene in a different species which evolved from a common ancestor, was examined to determine its ability to produce a functional sperm in the Drosophila melanogaster model. If able to produce a functional sperm, stabilizing selection is supported; if unable, a co-evolutionary event has occurred. Through database searches the orthologous gene from the closest relation to Drosophila with a different amino acid sequence was Glossina morsitans morsitans (Tsetse fly). Glossina beta-2 was able to support a functional sperm in Drosophila melanogaster. The transgenic flies were fertile and able to produce progeny, TEM cross-sections of the spermtail revealed a 9+2 axoneme and the testes showed normal meiosis, spermhead shaping, and alignment, all beta-2 tubulin supported functions. These results suggest the protein is under stabilizing selection, another sequence available in nature is able to produce a functional product but for 60 million years, nature has been constantly selecting the same wildtype sequence. This indicates the opportunity to evolve for such alternative functional proteins may be rare and along a narrow path such as that which maintains beta-2 tubulin function. Advisors/Committee Members: Nielsen, Mark (Committee Chair).

Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Evolution and Development; Developmental Biology; Beta-2 Tubulin; drosophila melanogaster; stabilizing selection; sperm; axoneme; microtubule; fruit fly; tsetse fly; glossina morsitans; testis; orthologue; evolution; evolutionary constraint; co-evolution

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Golconda, S. R. (2018). Why is Nature Able to Mold Some Phenotypes More Readily than Others? Investigating the Structure, Function and Evolution of ßeta-2 Tubulin in Drosophila Melanogaster. (Masters Thesis). University of Dayton. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1524837421834622

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Golconda, Sarah Rajini. “Why is Nature Able to Mold Some Phenotypes More Readily than Others? Investigating the Structure, Function and Evolution of ßeta-2 Tubulin in Drosophila Melanogaster.” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of Dayton. Accessed January 23, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1524837421834622.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Golconda, Sarah Rajini. “Why is Nature Able to Mold Some Phenotypes More Readily than Others? Investigating the Structure, Function and Evolution of ßeta-2 Tubulin in Drosophila Melanogaster.” 2018. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Golconda SR. Why is Nature Able to Mold Some Phenotypes More Readily than Others? Investigating the Structure, Function and Evolution of ßeta-2 Tubulin in Drosophila Melanogaster. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Dayton; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1524837421834622.

Council of Science Editors:

Golconda SR. Why is Nature Able to Mold Some Phenotypes More Readily than Others? Investigating the Structure, Function and Evolution of ßeta-2 Tubulin in Drosophila Melanogaster. [Masters Thesis]. University of Dayton; 2018. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1524837421834622

University of Iowa

5. Guo, Ling-Yu. Acquisition of auxiliary and copula BE in young English-speaking children.

Degree: PhD, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2009, University of Iowa

URL: https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/370

► This study tested the unique checking constraint hypothesis and the usage-based account concerning why young children produced tense and agreement morphemes variably via three… (more)

▼ This study tested the unique checking constraint hypothesis and the usage-based account concerning why young children produced tense and agreement morphemes variably via three experiments. Experiment 1 investigated whether subject types influenced the production accuracy of auxiliary 'is' in three-year-olds through an elicited production task. The rate of use of auxiliary 'is' increased as children's tense productivity increased, but the pattern was different for each subject type. The rate of use increased more rapidly with tense productivity for lexical NP subjects than it did for pronominal subjects. Experiment 2 further examined the role of subject types, predicate types, and predicate word frequency on the use of copula 'is' in three-year-olds via an elicited production task. Overall, the production accuracy of copula 'is' was higher with nominal predicates than with permanent- or temporary-adjectival predicates, followed by locative predicates. Children also produced copula 'is' more accurately with low-frequency predicate words than with high-frequency predicate words. Moreover, the effect of subject types on the use of copula 'is' varied with children's tense productivity. For sentences with nominal, permanent-adjectival, or temporary-adjectival predicates, children with lower tense productivity used copula 'is' more accurately with lexical subjects than with pronominal subjects in. In contrast, children with higher tense productivity produced copula 'is' more accurately with pronominal subjects than with lexical subjects. Experiment 3 extended Experiment 1 by exploring the degree of abstractness of representations of auxiliary BE via a structural priming task. The production accuracy of auxiliary 'is' in three-year-olds increased above the baseline when the prime-target pair shared the same structure and subject + auxiliary 'is' combinations, but not when the prime-target pair only shared the same structure. However, the production accuracy of auxiliary 'are' did not change with prime types. These experiments suggest that young children have only lexically-specific representations of auxiliary BE. Frequency, rather than structural properties, of sentence elements influenced the production accuracy of auxiliary and copula 'is' in young children. These findings support the usage-based approach that young children use tense and agreement morphemes variably because they have not yet learned adult-like abstract representations and use highly frequent/ lexically-specific constructions for the production of these morphemes. Advisors/Committee Members: Tomblin, J. Bruce (supervisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Developmental psycholinguistics; Language acquisition; Morphosyntax; Tense and agreement morpheme; Unique checking constraint hypothesis; Usage-based approach; Speech Pathology and Audiology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Guo, L. (2009). Acquisition of auxiliary and copula BE in young English-speaking children. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Iowa. Retrieved from https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/370

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Guo, Ling-Yu. “Acquisition of auxiliary and copula BE in young English-speaking children.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Iowa. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/370.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Guo, Ling-Yu. “Acquisition of auxiliary and copula BE in young English-speaking children.” 2009. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Guo L. Acquisition of auxiliary and copula BE in young English-speaking children. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Iowa; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/370.

Council of Science Editors:

Guo L. Acquisition of auxiliary and copula BE in young English-speaking children. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Iowa; 2009. Available from: https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/370

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