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University of Helsinki
1.
Matsuda, Shinya.
The Extracellular Regulation of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Drosophila and Sawfly Wing.
Degree: Department of Biosciences, Division of Genetics; Institute of Biotechnology, 2013, University of Helsinki
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/40121 
► Evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways mediate cell-cell communications during development. While the extracellular signal is precisely regulated to achieve dynamic morphogenetic events at the species level,…
(more)
▼ Evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways mediate cell-cell communications during development. While the extracellular signal is precisely regulated to achieve dynamic morphogenetic events at the species level, it must be also flexible to generate the diversified morphologies through evolution. However, little is known about the mechanisms behind the precision and flexibility. The insect wing vein pattern can provide an excellent model to address this fundamental question, since species-specific wing vein patterns have been diversified through evolution. In this thesis, I study how evolutionarily conserved bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-type ligand specifies diversified insect wing vein patterns using Dipteran Drosophila melanogaster and Hymenopteran sawfly Athalia rosae as models.
In Drosophila, BMP-type ligand Decapentaplegic (Dpp) is expressed in the longitudinal veins (LVs) to maintain LVs and induce crossveins (CVs) fates during pupal stages. However, the distribution of Dpp remained largely unknown. Using GFP-tagged Dpp, I demonstrated that Dpp is directionally transported from LVs into the posterior crossvein (PCV) region by two extracellular BMP-binding proteins, Short gastrulation (Sog) and Crossveinless (Cv). In contrast, most of Dpp did not diffuse from LVs by Type I BMP receptor and a positive feedback mechanism. Thus the active transport and retention mechanisms allow diffusible Dpp to draw the complex wing vein patterns in Drosophila.
To investigate how BMP signal instructs wing vein morphogenesis that involves apposition and cell shape changes between two wing epithelial layers, I then focused on the function of RhoGAP Crossveinless-C (Cv-C) during the PCV morphogenesis. I found that cv-c mediates PCV morphogenesis downstream of BMP signal by inactivating various Rho-type small GTPases. Interestingly, I found that cv-c is also required for Dpp transport, while Sog/Cv mediated BMP signal is guided at the ectopic wing veins caused by loss of Rho-type small GTPases. These observations identified a feed-forward mechanism coupling Dpp transport and PCV morphogenesis.
To address how BMP signal specifies diversified insect wing vein patterns, I then introduced sawfly as a new model. I found that dpp is ubiquitously expressed but BMP signal reflects distinct fore- and hindwing vein patterns in sawfly. To address if Dpp transport mechanism is involved in wing vein formation, Cv/Tsg was identified from sawfly. Loss of dpp or cv/tsg by RNAi affected BMP signal and all of wing venations. These observations suggest that ubiquitously expressed Dpp is redistributed to specify distinct fore- and hindwing vein patterns in sawfly.
Taken together, I found that the extracellular distribution of Dpp/BMP is tightly regulated and coordinated to achieve precise patterning and morphogenesis of the insect wing veins. Furthermore, this study raises an interesting possibility that changes in the directionality of Dpp/BMP diffusion may underlie distinct insect wing vein patterns.
Evoluution aikana konservoituneet…
Subjects/Keywords: developmental biology; developmental biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Matsuda, S. (2013). The Extracellular Regulation of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Drosophila and Sawfly Wing. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Helsinki. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10138/40121
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Matsuda, Shinya. “The Extracellular Regulation of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Drosophila and Sawfly Wing.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Helsinki. Accessed March 07, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10138/40121.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Matsuda, Shinya. “The Extracellular Regulation of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Drosophila and Sawfly Wing.” 2013. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Matsuda S. The Extracellular Regulation of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Drosophila and Sawfly Wing. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/40121.
Council of Science Editors:
Matsuda S. The Extracellular Regulation of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Drosophila and Sawfly Wing. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/40121
University of Helsinki
2.
Veistinen, Lotta.
Role of Gli3 during intramembranous calvarial bone development.
Degree: Institute of Dentistry, Orthodontics, 2015, University of Helsinki
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/154665
► The flat bones of the skull, the calvarial bones, develop by intramembranous ossification during which mesenchymal cells first condense and subsequently differentiate into osteoblasts. Sutures…
(more)
▼ The flat bones of the skull, the calvarial bones, develop by intramembranous ossification during which mesenchymal cells first condense and subsequently differentiate into osteoblasts. Sutures separate the calvarial bones and facilitate the synchronized growth of the underlying brain and the calvaria.
Hedgehog (Hh) signalling has an indisputable role in craniofacial development as well as during endochondral ossification. Yet, little is known about its function during intramembranous ossification of the calvarial bones. GLI-Kruppel family member 3 (Gli3) is a zinc-finger transcription factor that mediates Hh signalling. In the absence of Hh ligand Gli3 is proteolytically cleaved into a repressor that inhibits transcription of Hh target genes. Mutations in GLI3 cause Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome in humans, in which an infrequent, but significant feature is premature fusion of the metopic suture (interfrontal suture in mice). We have used Gli3 loss-of- function mouse (Gli3Xt-J/Xt-J) as a model to investigate the effects of aberrant Hh signalling during calvarial development.
In my thesis I describe how loss of Gli3 causes craniosynostosis of the lambdoid as well as interfrontal sutures in mice. Elevated proliferation and ectopic differentiation of osteoprogenitors underlies this phenomenon. We were able to rescue craniosynostosis in these mice by two mechanisms. Firstly, by elevating fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signalling in the suture prior to its fusion by imbedding Fgf2 soaked beads in tissue culture. This induced Twist1 expression, which inhibits function of ectopically expressed Runx2. Secondly, craniosynostosis was prevented by genetically reducing Runx2 activity by generating Gli3Xt-J/Xt-J;Runx2+/- mice, which normalized elevated levels of Bmp signalling in the affected sutures. We also put forward a model of how Hh signalling helps to maintain the integrity of bone margins during calvarial development. The repressor isoform of Gli3 inhibits Runx2 activity in the early osteoprogenitor cells. Runx2, on the other hand, activates Ihh expression in the mature osteoblasts, which then induces osteogenesis by inhibiting the function of Gli3 repressor.
Our findings indicate that Gli3 and Hh signalling have an important role in mediating the location of osteoblast differentiation and the speed of bone formation in the developing calvaria. Uncovering the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie normal calvarial development, as well as pathological processes, is a vital step in developing treatment strategies for patients with craniosynostosis.
Kallon litteät peitinluut kehittyvät ns. suoran luutumisen mekanismilla eli intramembranoottisesti: mesenkymaaliset solut muodostavat ensin tiivistymän, jonka jälkeen ne erilaistuvat asteittain luusoluiksi eli osteoblasteiksi. Kasvavia kallon peitinluita erottavat kallon saumat, joissa luiden aktiivinen kasvu jatkuu mahdollistaen alla olevien aivojen samanaikaisen kasvun. Kraniosynostoosi on patologinen tila, jossa yksi tai useampi kallon sauma luutuu…
Subjects/Keywords: developmental biology; developmental biology
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Veistinen, L. (2015). Role of Gli3 during intramembranous calvarial bone development. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Helsinki. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10138/154665
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Veistinen, Lotta. “Role of Gli3 during intramembranous calvarial bone development.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Helsinki. Accessed March 07, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10138/154665.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Veistinen, Lotta. “Role of Gli3 during intramembranous calvarial bone development.” 2015. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Veistinen L. Role of Gli3 during intramembranous calvarial bone development. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/154665.
Council of Science Editors:
Veistinen L. Role of Gli3 during intramembranous calvarial bone development. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/154665
3.
Kilpatrick, Kaylon Ann.
Starvation induces Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) like symptoms in Drosophila melanogaster.
Degree: 2016, Mississippi College
URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10128977
► Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic and endocrine disorder that is the most common cause of infertility. PCOS can manifest itself as a…
(more)
▼ Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic and endocrine disorder that is the most common cause of infertility. PCOS can manifest itself as a long and short term disability and is characterized by insulin resistance (IR), hyperandrogenism, anovulation, hyperinsulinaemia and polycystic ovaries. Our lack of understanding of this disorder and its long term effects has complicated the treatment of the disorder; yet, it is clear that PCOS involves the intricate interaction between genetics, environments and behaviors. To study this disease, scientists have used various animal models. Since the <i> Drosophila</i> model for PCOS has only been postulated,in this work, we determined whether starvation along with the addition of steroid hormones would induce a PCOS-like disorder in <i>D. melanogaster</i> after 24 hour exposure. In women with PCOS, testosterone levels and the expression of the androgen receptor are elevated. In fruit flies, ecdysone (E) and its “active” form, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), are homologous to the human testosterone and 20-hydroxytestosterone, respectively. This hormone is required for circadian cycles, molting, and maturation in insects. More specifically, this hormone is also located in ovarian tissue and aids in follicular development. The receptor for ecdysone is the ecdysone receptor (EcR). In this work, we examined the expression of the ecdysone receptor (EcR) upon starvation for up to 24 hours by immunofluorescence microcopy. Using qRT-PCR, we determined the levels of expression of genes usually associated with inflammation. Ovarian dysfunction was examined by measuring the fecundity of the females. Starvation increases the expression of the EcR and pro-inflammatory gene expression and decreases fecundity, suggesting that <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> is a potentially useful model organism in the study of PCOS.
Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Developmental biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Kilpatrick, K. A. (2016). Starvation induces Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) like symptoms in Drosophila melanogaster. (Thesis). Mississippi College. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10128977
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kilpatrick, Kaylon Ann. “Starvation induces Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) like symptoms in Drosophila melanogaster.” 2016. Thesis, Mississippi College. Accessed March 07, 2021.
http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10128977.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kilpatrick, Kaylon Ann. “Starvation induces Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) like symptoms in Drosophila melanogaster.” 2016. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Kilpatrick KA. Starvation induces Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) like symptoms in Drosophila melanogaster. [Internet] [Thesis]. Mississippi College; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10128977.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Kilpatrick KA. Starvation induces Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) like symptoms in Drosophila melanogaster. [Thesis]. Mississippi College; 2016. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10128977
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
4.
Singh, Nirupama Janardansingh.
Identification and characterization of novel homodimer targets of CeTwist.
Degree: PhD, Biology, 2012, The Catholic University of America
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/etd:284
► Degree awarded: Ph.D. Biology. The Catholic University of America
Twist, a basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, functions in the mesoderm in many organisms. bHLH transcription factors…
(more)
▼ Degree awarded: Ph.D. Biology. The Catholic University of America
Twist, a basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, functions in the mesoderm in many organisms. bHLH transcription factors dimerise with their helix-loop-helix region forming a heterodimer or a homodimer and the basic regions of the dimers bind to a consensus sequence known as an E box on their target genes. Previous evidence suggests a distinct role for CeTwist homodimers and heterodimers (with CeE/DA) in different mesoderm cells in the model organism C. elegans. We have already identified a number of CeTwist heterodimer targets. However, no CeTwist homodimer targets have been identified to date. The aim of this project is to discover and study such genes to understand bHLH dimer-specific transcriptional regulation. To find CeTwist homodimer targets, we overexpressed CeTwist by using an inducible heat shock promoter and found the potential target genes that are overexpressed using a global gene expression measurement technique called Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays. Nineteen genes from a list of overexpressed genes were prioritized based on higher microarray value. Using transcriptional GFP reporters, we examined the expression pattern of these genes. We were interested in a pattern that may partially overlap with the CeTwist expression pattern, and we found five genes in this category. Then GFP expression was studied in mutant animals of the hlh-2 (CeE/DA) and hlh-8 (CeTwist) genes for further validation. The results suggest that we found one CeTwist homodimer target, two targets of CeTwist and CeE/DA heterodimers and two more CeTwist targets that need further characterization. Next, we studied the promoter region of the new CeTwist targets by using 5'deletion reporter constructs. In one of the heterodimer targets, we found a previously identified E box playing a role in target gene expression whereas for the homodimer target, we identified a palindromic sequence CACGTG that plays an important role in expression. This interesting result is consistent with bHLH homodimers preferentially binding to palindromic sequences with identical half-sites for regulation. Moreover, we also found that two of the new CeTwist target genes identified in this study, have human homologues which are mutated in human diseases. Therefore, understanding the transcriptional regulation of these genes is important.
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Advisors/Committee Members: Corsi, Ann K (Advisor), Golin, John E (Other), Tuma, Pamela L (Other).
Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Developmental biology
Record Details
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Record Details
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Singh, N. J. (2012). Identification and characterization of novel homodimer targets of CeTwist. (Doctoral Dissertation). The Catholic University of America. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1961/etd:284
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Singh, Nirupama Janardansingh. “Identification and characterization of novel homodimer targets of CeTwist.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, The Catholic University of America. Accessed March 07, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1961/etd:284.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Singh, Nirupama Janardansingh. “Identification and characterization of novel homodimer targets of CeTwist.” 2012. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Singh NJ. Identification and characterization of novel homodimer targets of CeTwist. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. The Catholic University of America; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/etd:284.
Council of Science Editors:
Singh NJ. Identification and characterization of novel homodimer targets of CeTwist. [Doctoral Dissertation]. The Catholic University of America; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/etd:284
5.
Singh, Nirupama Janardansingh.
Identification and characterization of novel homodimer targets of CeTwist.
Degree: PhD, Biology, 2012, The Catholic University of America
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/10286
► Degree awarded: Ph.D. Biology. The Catholic University of America
Twist, a basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, functions in the mesoderm in many organisms. bHLH transcription factors…
(more)
▼ Degree awarded: Ph.D. Biology. The Catholic University of America
Twist, a basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, functions in the mesoderm in many organisms. bHLH transcription factors dimerise with their helix-loop-helix region forming a heterodimer or a homodimer and the basic regions of the dimers bind to a consensus sequence known as an E box on their target genes. Previous evidence suggests a distinct role for CeTwist homodimers and heterodimers (with CeE/DA) in different mesoderm cells in the model organism C. elegans. We have already identified a number of CeTwist heterodimer targets. However, no CeTwist homodimer targets have been identified to date. The aim of this project is to discover and study such genes to understand bHLH dimer-specific transcriptional regulation. To find CeTwist homodimer targets, we overexpressed CeTwist by using an inducible heat shock promoter and found the potential target genes that are overexpressed using a global gene expression measurement technique called Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays. Nineteen genes from a list of overexpressed genes were prioritized based on higher microarray value. Using transcriptional GFP reporters, we examined the expression pattern of these genes. We were interested in a pattern that may partially overlap with the CeTwist expression pattern, and we found five genes in this category. Then GFP expression was studied in mutant animals of the hlh-2 (CeE/DA) and hlh-8 (CeTwist) genes for further validation. The results suggest that we found one CeTwist homodimer target, two targets of CeTwist and CeE/DA heterodimers and two more CeTwist targets that need further characterization. Next, we studied the promoter region of the new CeTwist targets by using 5'deletion reporter constructs. In one of the heterodimer targets, we found a previously identified E box playing a role in target gene expression whereas for the homodimer target, we identified a palindromic sequence CACGTG that plays an important role in expression. This interesting result is consistent with bHLH homodimers preferentially binding to palindromic sequences with identical half-sites for regulation. Moreover, we also found that two of the new CeTwist target genes identified in this study, have human homologues which are mutated in human diseases. Therefore, understanding the transcriptional regulation of these genes is important.
Made available in DSpace on 2012-06-01T16:44:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Singh_cua_0043A_10331display.pdf: 2087461 bytes, checksum: dc2a8c207c9a1b35c0f3ccfc0942a714 (MD5)
Advisors/Committee Members: Corsi, Ann K (Advisor), Golin, John E (Other), Tuma, Pamela L (Other).
Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Developmental biology
Record Details
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Record Details
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Singh, N. J. (2012). Identification and characterization of novel homodimer targets of CeTwist. (Doctoral Dissertation). The Catholic University of America. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1961/10286
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Singh, Nirupama Janardansingh. “Identification and characterization of novel homodimer targets of CeTwist.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, The Catholic University of America. Accessed March 07, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1961/10286.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Singh, Nirupama Janardansingh. “Identification and characterization of novel homodimer targets of CeTwist.” 2012. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Singh NJ. Identification and characterization of novel homodimer targets of CeTwist. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. The Catholic University of America; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/10286.
Council of Science Editors:
Singh NJ. Identification and characterization of novel homodimer targets of CeTwist. [Doctoral Dissertation]. The Catholic University of America; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/10286
University of California – San Francisco
6.
Saleem, Arif Hussain.
The Role of Zebrafish Adhesion GPCR Eltd1 in Left-Right Asymmetry and Cardiovascular Development.
Degree: Biomedical Sciences, 2013, University of California – San Francisco
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9x9433d6
► The Adhesion family of G protein-coupled receptors (AdGCPRs) is a unique set of cell-surface receptors with relatively unknown signaling capabilities and physiological functions. Previous work…
(more)
▼ The Adhesion family of G protein-coupled receptors (AdGCPRs) is a unique set of cell-surface receptors with relatively unknown signaling capabilities and physiological functions. Previous work has revealed physiological roles for some AdGPCRs, ranging from orchestrating planar cell polarity in Drosophila epithelium to mediating cell-extracellular matrix interactions in the developing central nervous system. Mutations in some AdGPCRs have been linked to human disease. However, most AdGPCRs remain orphans, with unidentified binding partners, unclear physiological roles, and unknown downstream signaling. Eltd1 (also referred to as ETL) is a member of the AdGPCR subfamily known to be expressed in cardiovascular tissues including heart and blood vessels. I performed morpholino-mediated knockdown of eltd1 in zebrafish to elucidate its physiological function and attempt to gain insight into binding partners and putative signaling pathways. I found that knockdown of eltd1 in zebrafish produced a defect in the establishment of left-right (LR) asymmetry as well as the processes of convergence and extension. Using targeted morpholino injections and fluorescent timelapse microscopy, I was able to show that loss of eltd1 disrupts nodal flow in Kuppfer's vesicle, the organ responsible for establishing LR asymmetry in zebrafish. Interestingly, the early developmental phenotypes associated with eltd1 knockdown are similar to those often observed in morphants and mutants of various planar cell polarity (PCP) genes. Eltd1 morphants also displayed defects in cardiovascular development, consistent with expression data from mouse and rat that localize eltd1 transcripts most strongly to heart and blood vessels. I sought to characterize this phenotype and implement cell-culture assays to visualize Eltd1 in primary and cultured cells. Finally, I developed a strategy to isolate N-terminal binding partners of Eltd1. This work provides a foundation for further investigation of candidate Eltd1 binding partners and putative downstream signaling pathways.
Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Developmental biology
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Saleem, A. H. (2013). The Role of Zebrafish Adhesion GPCR Eltd1 in Left-Right Asymmetry and Cardiovascular Development. (Thesis). University of California – San Francisco. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9x9433d6
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Saleem, Arif Hussain. “The Role of Zebrafish Adhesion GPCR Eltd1 in Left-Right Asymmetry and Cardiovascular Development.” 2013. Thesis, University of California – San Francisco. Accessed March 07, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9x9433d6.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Saleem, Arif Hussain. “The Role of Zebrafish Adhesion GPCR Eltd1 in Left-Right Asymmetry and Cardiovascular Development.” 2013. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Saleem AH. The Role of Zebrafish Adhesion GPCR Eltd1 in Left-Right Asymmetry and Cardiovascular Development. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – San Francisco; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9x9433d6.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Saleem AH. The Role of Zebrafish Adhesion GPCR Eltd1 in Left-Right Asymmetry and Cardiovascular Development. [Thesis]. University of California – San Francisco; 2013. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9x9433d6
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
7.
Bala, Neeta.
AKAP200 promotes Notch stability by protecting it from Cbl/lysosome-mediated degradation in Drosophila.
Degree: 2017, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10637108
► Cell signaling determines cellular behavior through the regulation of complex biochemical networks, slight disruptions in which can lead to a plethora of pathologies. The…
(more)
▼ Cell signaling determines cellular behavior through the regulation of complex biochemical networks, slight disruptions in which can lead to a plethora of pathologies. The key to curing such diseases lies in part in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms and molecules involved. The aim of this thesis was to characterize the role of A Kinase Anchoring Protein 200 (AKAP200), to expand our current understanding of signaling pathways in the context of development. AKAP200, a scaffolding protein previously known for its role in the spatial and temporal regulation of Protein Kinase A (PKA), was identified in our laboratory in a dominant modifier screen as a novel regulator of Planar Cell Polarity (PCP), which refers to the polarization of cells across the plane of an epithelium.
Here, I demonstrate a novel role of AKAP200 in promoting Notch protein stability. In Drosophila, AKAP200 mutants show phenotypes that resemble Notch loss-of-function defects, including eye patterning and sensory organ specification defects, and its overexpression affects wing venation. Importantly, Notch signaling is downstream of the PCP pathway in the eye, the context, where AKAP200 was identified. AKAP200 shows a strong genetic interaction with Notch in the eye and thorax, and appears to promote Notch activity. Interestingly, these interactions are independent of AKAP200?s role in PKA signaling, linking AKAP200 to other functions. AKAP200 physically interacts with Notch, stabilizes endogenous Notch protein, and limits its ubiquitination. I provide genetic and molecular evidence that AKAP200 protects Notch from the E3-ubiquitin ligase Cbl and the lysosomal pathway, thereby promoting Notch signaling. In this thesis, I have discovered a novel role of AKAP200 as a post-translational regulator of Notch signaling that functions to achieve optimal Notch protein levels.
Subjects/Keywords: Developmental biology
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Bala, N. (2017). AKAP200 promotes Notch stability by protecting it from Cbl/lysosome-mediated degradation in Drosophila. (Thesis). Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10637108
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bala, Neeta. “AKAP200 promotes Notch stability by protecting it from Cbl/lysosome-mediated degradation in Drosophila.” 2017. Thesis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Accessed March 07, 2021.
http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10637108.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bala, Neeta. “AKAP200 promotes Notch stability by protecting it from Cbl/lysosome-mediated degradation in Drosophila.” 2017. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Bala N. AKAP200 promotes Notch stability by protecting it from Cbl/lysosome-mediated degradation in Drosophila. [Internet] [Thesis]. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10637108.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Bala N. AKAP200 promotes Notch stability by protecting it from Cbl/lysosome-mediated degradation in Drosophila. [Thesis]. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; 2017. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10637108
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of California – Irvine
8.
Luong, Mui Nhuc.
The Regulation of BMP Signaling in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells and Early Mouse Embryogenesis.
Degree: Biological Sciences, 2014, University of California – Irvine
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7cj5n71d
► Understanding the molecular mechanisms that govern animal development is one of the major challenges in developmental biology. The TGF-β members such as the bone morophogenetic…
(more)
▼ Understanding the molecular mechanisms that govern animal development is one of the major challenges in developmental biology. The TGF-β members such as the bone morophogenetic proteins (BMP) play critical and diverse roles throughout embryonic development in both vertebrates and invertebrates and understanding the mechanisms by which they initiate specific cellular differentiation programs and control of gene expression is important. This dissertation will focus on the characterization of the BMP responsive element (BRE) identified in our lab. Additionally, I will demonstrate that the BRE functions as an activator in BRE-mediated BMP signaling and is responsible for modulating a subset of BMP target genes in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. To complement our in vitro studies, our lab also investigated the role of BMPs in early mouse embryonic development. Our studies reveal that BMP signaling may be active in the inner cell mass (ICM) during mouse embryogenesis and is playing a role in sustaining pluriopotency by interacting with the Oct4/Sox2/Nanog network.
Subjects/Keywords: Developmental biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Luong, M. N. (2014). The Regulation of BMP Signaling in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells and Early Mouse Embryogenesis. (Thesis). University of California – Irvine. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7cj5n71d
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Luong, Mui Nhuc. “The Regulation of BMP Signaling in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells and Early Mouse Embryogenesis.” 2014. Thesis, University of California – Irvine. Accessed March 07, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7cj5n71d.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Luong, Mui Nhuc. “The Regulation of BMP Signaling in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells and Early Mouse Embryogenesis.” 2014. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Luong MN. The Regulation of BMP Signaling in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells and Early Mouse Embryogenesis. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Irvine; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7cj5n71d.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Luong MN. The Regulation of BMP Signaling in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells and Early Mouse Embryogenesis. [Thesis]. University of California – Irvine; 2014. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7cj5n71d
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
UCLA
9.
Lu, Fei.
Transcriptional Regulation of Heart Development and Function.
Degree: Molec, Cell, & Dev Biology, 2016, UCLA
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4kt1t2dx
► Cardiac morphogenesis and the maintenance of cardiac physiology require complex and well-orchestrated cardiac transcription programs. Misregulation of cardiac transcription programs leads to severe developmental defects,…
(more)
▼ Cardiac morphogenesis and the maintenance of cardiac physiology require complex and well-orchestrated cardiac transcription programs. Misregulation of cardiac transcription programs leads to severe developmental defects, and is associated with human congenital heart diseases (CHD). To better understand the transcription program governing normal heart development, my research focused specifically on two essential genes for vertebrate heart development: tbx20 that encodes a cardiac transcription factor and rtf1 that encodes a multifunctional transcription regulatory protein. First, I reported the identification of a zebrafish tbx20 null mutation that causes severe cardiac progenitor defects, highlighting a previously unappreciated role for Tbx20 in promoting vertebrate cardiogenesis. I also revealed a novel function of Tbx20 in enhancing cardiomyocyte proliferation as a transcriptional activator. Second, I found that loss of Rtf1, a RNA polymerase II associated factor 1 (PAF1C) complex component, suppresses the cardiac transcription program and prevents the formation of cardiac progenitors. I discovered that Rtf1 controls cardiac progenitor formation and heart tube morphogenesis via two independent mechanisms: Rtf1 pushes multi-potent mesodermal cells to a cardiac fate through activating the cardiac transcription program and Rtf1 supports cardiomyocyte differentiation and heart tube morphogenesis by modulating the epigenome. Lastly, I found that cardiomyocyte-specific ablation of rtf1 in adult mouse heart leads to dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Expression of genes encoding lipid metabolism related proteins, myofibrillar proteins, mitochondrial proteins and ion channels were significantly downregulated in rtf1-deficent hearts, suggesting that Rtf1 is an important regulator of the cardiac gene program that maintains myofibril integrity and cardiac function. Taken together, my studies provide new insights into the regulation of cardiac transcription program in developing and mature myocardium, and presents new candidate genes for CHD and cardiac dysfunction in humans.
Subjects/Keywords: Developmental biology
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
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to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Lu, F. (2016). Transcriptional Regulation of Heart Development and Function. (Thesis). UCLA. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4kt1t2dx
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lu, Fei. “Transcriptional Regulation of Heart Development and Function.” 2016. Thesis, UCLA. Accessed March 07, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4kt1t2dx.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lu, Fei. “Transcriptional Regulation of Heart Development and Function.” 2016. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Lu F. Transcriptional Regulation of Heart Development and Function. [Internet] [Thesis]. UCLA; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4kt1t2dx.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Lu F. Transcriptional Regulation of Heart Development and Function. [Thesis]. UCLA; 2016. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4kt1t2dx
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of California – San Diego
10.
Pradhan, Arjana.
Signaling pathways promoting chamber identity in the zebrafish heart.
Degree: Biology, 2016, University of California – San Diego
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/52d3t9nz
► The atrial and ventricular chambers of the heart behave as distinctfunctional subunits with unique morphological, contractile, and electrophysiological properties. Therefore, the proper differentiation of atrial…
(more)
▼ The atrial and ventricular chambers of the heart behave as distinctfunctional subunits with unique morphological, contractile, and electrophysiological properties. Therefore, the proper differentiation of atrial and ventricular tissues is crucial for the formation of a functional heart. Although the differences between atrial and ventricular chambers are well characterized, less is known about how these chamber-specific attributes are acquired. Here, we show that the FGF signaling pathway plays an essential part in regulating ventricular chamber identity. Loss of FGF signaling following the onset of ventricular differentiation results in gradual accumulation of atrial cells, a corresponding loss of ventricular cells, and a progressive increase in the appearance of ectopic atrial cells within the ventricle. These phenotypes reflect an important role for sustained FGF signaling in maintaining chamber- specific characteristics in ventricular cardiomyocytes. In addition, FGF signaling is required to establish ventricular character in late-differentiating cardiomyocytes that append to the arterial pole of the heart. Our results highlight that, even after the initial specification of atrial and ventricular fates, ventricular identity needs to be continuously reinforced. Our studies suggest active maintenance as a pervasive developmental mechanism by which cell fates are enforced until a cell is committed. In addition, we present our findings from a phenotype-driven small molecule screen to find additional signaling pathways that modulate atrial and ventricular identities.
Subjects/Keywords: Developmental biology
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
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APA (6th Edition):
Pradhan, A. (2016). Signaling pathways promoting chamber identity in the zebrafish heart. (Thesis). University of California – San Diego. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/52d3t9nz
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Pradhan, Arjana. “Signaling pathways promoting chamber identity in the zebrafish heart.” 2016. Thesis, University of California – San Diego. Accessed March 07, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/52d3t9nz.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Pradhan, Arjana. “Signaling pathways promoting chamber identity in the zebrafish heart.” 2016. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Pradhan A. Signaling pathways promoting chamber identity in the zebrafish heart. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/52d3t9nz.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Pradhan A. Signaling pathways promoting chamber identity in the zebrafish heart. [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2016. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/52d3t9nz
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of California – Irvine
11.
Alvarez, Maribel.
The role of Myoglianin in Drosophila metamorphosis.
Degree: Biological Sciences, 2015, University of California – Irvine
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6jt9f5kf
► Signaling by the Transforming Growth Factor-Beta; (TGF-Beta) superfamily is essential for many cellular processes and is required throughout the life of many organisms. TGF-Beta; signaling…
(more)
▼ Signaling by the Transforming Growth Factor-Beta; (TGF-Beta) superfamily is essential for many cellular processes and is required throughout the life of many organisms. TGF-Beta; signaling triggers distinct developmental programs and cellular processes, thus disruption of the pathway is associated with defects in development and growth of the organism. Signaling specificity is achieved through the use of distinct pathway components and combinatorial action with other cell signaling pathways. The main goal of my thesis project was to understand the roles of two ligands of the TGF-Beta; superfamily, Maverick (Mav) and Myoglianin (Myo), and their mechanism of action in Drosophila. We first characterized several mutant alleles for mav and myo that were previously generated in the lab. Next, we investigated the role of mav at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Loss-of-function analysis suggests that mav has no affect on growth of the NMJ. However, ectopic expression of mav in glial cells does have an affect on the NMJ, suggesting that while not essential, NMJ growth may be sensitive to changes in levels of Mav. Phenotypic analysis of mutations in myo that encodes an activin ligand, revealed a wide range of metamorphosis phenotypes reminiscent of loss of the steroid hormone ecdysone. We investigated the role of myo in several tissues that undergo specific changes during metamorphosis. We determined that myo is selectively required for expression of the ecdysone receptor EcR-B1 isoform in a diverse group of neurons in the central nervous system, but not in other EcR-B1 expressing tissues, for example gut, fat body and salivary glands. Therefore one of the roles of Myo is to regulate the ability of specific cells to respond to ecdysone. Importantly, we found that salivary gland destruction in response to ecdysone signaling is dependent on activin signaling, but this occurs through regulation of EcR-B1 in specific cells in the brain, rather than in the salivary gland itself. Our data argue for a model in which ecdysone signaling utilizes both direct and indirect inputs to coordinate salivary gland destruction during pupal metamorphosis. The work presented here provides insights into the requirement of Myo/activin signaling in regulation and coordination of steroid dependent biological processes in animals.
Subjects/Keywords: Developmental biology
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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APA (6th Edition):
Alvarez, M. (2015). The role of Myoglianin in Drosophila metamorphosis. (Thesis). University of California – Irvine. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6jt9f5kf
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Alvarez, Maribel. “The role of Myoglianin in Drosophila metamorphosis.” 2015. Thesis, University of California – Irvine. Accessed March 07, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6jt9f5kf.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Alvarez, Maribel. “The role of Myoglianin in Drosophila metamorphosis.” 2015. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Alvarez M. The role of Myoglianin in Drosophila metamorphosis. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Irvine; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6jt9f5kf.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Alvarez M. The role of Myoglianin in Drosophila metamorphosis. [Thesis]. University of California – Irvine; 2015. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6jt9f5kf
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
UCLA
12.
Aghajanian, Patrick.
The Intestinal Visceral Musculature: A Dynamic Niche for Metamorphosing Midgut and Hindgut of Drosophila melanogaster.
Degree: Molec, Cell, & Dev Biology, 2014, UCLA
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9jk7n6xr
► Stem cell maintenance in the small intestine in vertebrates has been well studied, though many factors involved in that process are still unknown. This study…
(more)
▼ Stem cell maintenance in the small intestine in vertebrates has been well studied, though many factors involved in that process are still unknown. This study focuses on the development of the visceral muscle and intestinal tissues of Drosophila melanogaster during metamorphosis in order to further explain the intestinal stem cell/niche environment. Through stage wise dissection and immunohistochemical assays we were able to determine, (1) the adult posterior midgut is formed by cells of the anterior hindgut. (2) The visceral muscle de-differentiates and re-differentiates in a step wise manner during metamorphosis. (3) The presumptive intestinal stem cells (pISCs) of the midgut undergo many waves of division, are motile, and differentiate to endocrine cell fates at late pupal stages under the control of prospero and notch signaling. (4) A population of pISCs in the posterior midgut migrate past the midgut/hindgut boundary to form the renal stem cells of the adult Malpighian tubules. (5) The development of the midgut and hindgut epithelium during metamorphosis. These findings, taken together provide new understanding of these specific environments that may be applied to their homologous counterparts.
Subjects/Keywords: Developmental biology
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
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APA (6th Edition):
Aghajanian, P. (2014). The Intestinal Visceral Musculature: A Dynamic Niche for Metamorphosing Midgut and Hindgut of Drosophila melanogaster. (Thesis). UCLA. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9jk7n6xr
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Aghajanian, Patrick. “The Intestinal Visceral Musculature: A Dynamic Niche for Metamorphosing Midgut and Hindgut of Drosophila melanogaster.” 2014. Thesis, UCLA. Accessed March 07, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9jk7n6xr.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Aghajanian, Patrick. “The Intestinal Visceral Musculature: A Dynamic Niche for Metamorphosing Midgut and Hindgut of Drosophila melanogaster.” 2014. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Aghajanian P. The Intestinal Visceral Musculature: A Dynamic Niche for Metamorphosing Midgut and Hindgut of Drosophila melanogaster. [Internet] [Thesis]. UCLA; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9jk7n6xr.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Aghajanian P. The Intestinal Visceral Musculature: A Dynamic Niche for Metamorphosing Midgut and Hindgut of Drosophila melanogaster. [Thesis]. UCLA; 2014. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9jk7n6xr
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of California – Irvine
13.
Mazzoni, Jenna Therese.
The Wnt inhibitor Apcdd1 controls vascular remodeling and barrier properties of blood vessels in the developing retina.
Degree: Biological Sciences, 2016, University of California – Irvine
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/64w403wz
► Coordinating angiogenesis with the acquisition of specialized endothelial cell properties is essential for proper vascular function. Within the retina, endothelial cells form a blood- retina…
(more)
▼ Coordinating angiogenesis with the acquisition of specialized endothelial cell properties is essential for proper vascular function. Within the retina, endothelial cells form a blood- retina barrier that restricts paracellular diffusion of molecules by creating high-resistance tight junctions, and confers a low rate of transcytosis. Despite the importance for retinal function, how angiogenesis, vascular remodeling and barrier maturation are coordinated remains incompletely characterized. One essential pathway for retinal angiogenesis and barrier formation is the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which activates β-catenin via interactions between Norrin and the Fz4/Lrp5 signaling complex. The focus of my thesis research has been to investigate if Apcdd1, a negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling expressed in retinal endothelial cells, regulates angiogenesis and blood-retina barrier development. I show that loss of Apcdd1 increased β-catenin activity in retinal endothelial cells resulting in hypervascularization due to decreased vessel pruning. In the retina, Apcdd1-deficient mice show increased levels of the tight junction protein Occludin and decreased paracellular permeability (Chapter 3). The early postnatal striatum and cortex of Apcdd1-/- mice show no difference in vessel density (Chapter 4), suggesting that regional differences exist in the pathways that regulate angiogenesis throughout the central nervous system and Apcdd1 may be a more efficient inhibitor of Norrin/β-catenin signaling rather than Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Finally, I provide preliminary data on the generation of an endothelial-specific gain-of-function transgenic mouse to determine the effect of Apcdd1 overexpression on retina angiogenesis and blood-retina barrier development (Chapter 5). Overall, these data suggest that distinct levels of canonical Wnt signaling, controlled by Apcdd1, regulate angiogenesis, vascular remodeling and barrier maturation in retinal blood vessels.
Subjects/Keywords: Developmental biology
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
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APA (6th Edition):
Mazzoni, J. T. (2016). The Wnt inhibitor Apcdd1 controls vascular remodeling and barrier properties of blood vessels in the developing retina. (Thesis). University of California – Irvine. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/64w403wz
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mazzoni, Jenna Therese. “The Wnt inhibitor Apcdd1 controls vascular remodeling and barrier properties of blood vessels in the developing retina.” 2016. Thesis, University of California – Irvine. Accessed March 07, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/64w403wz.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mazzoni, Jenna Therese. “The Wnt inhibitor Apcdd1 controls vascular remodeling and barrier properties of blood vessels in the developing retina.” 2016. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Mazzoni JT. The Wnt inhibitor Apcdd1 controls vascular remodeling and barrier properties of blood vessels in the developing retina. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Irvine; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/64w403wz.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Mazzoni JT. The Wnt inhibitor Apcdd1 controls vascular remodeling and barrier properties of blood vessels in the developing retina. [Thesis]. University of California – Irvine; 2016. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/64w403wz
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Temple University
14.
Nama, Kaushik.
Characterization of Dishevelled Associated Activator of Morphogenesis 2 (Daam2) in Wnt Signaling During Early Embryonic Development.
Degree: PhD, 2015, Temple University
URL: http://digital.library.temple.edu/u?/p245801coll10,360057
► Biology
The Wnt signaling pathway is highly conserved in metazoan animals. Wnt signaling regulates an array of cellular processes that include motility, polarity, cell fate…
(more)
▼ Biology
The Wnt signaling pathway is highly conserved in metazoan animals. Wnt signaling regulates an array of cellular processes that include motility, polarity, cell fate determination, primary axis formation and organogenesis and recently have been implicated in stem cell renewal. Deregulated Wnt signaling has tragic consequences for the developing embryo and is a causative factor for a number of pleiotropic human pathologies such as cancers of the breast, colon and skin, skeletal defects and human birth defect disorders including the most common human neural tube closure defect: spina bifida. Modulation of the actin cytoskeleton via the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway mediate cell polarity and cell migration that are required for proper vertebrate gastrulation and subsequent neurulation. However, the mechanism(s) by how the non-canonical pathway mediates this actin cytoskeleton modulation is not fully understood. Identifying and characterizing novel signaling components of the non-canonical pathway remain essential to understand its role during embryogenesis. The Formin-homology protein Dishevelled associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (Daam1) was previously characterized as an essential component for non-canonical Wnt-dependent regulation of cytoskeletal reorganization and cell migration. Daam1 and Daam2 are members of the Daam family of proteins but the role of Daam2 in early embryonic development however remains conflicting as to whether it functions in the canonical or non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In this thesis, I cloned and functionally characterized the role of Xenopus Daam2 in the Wnt signaling pathway. Co-immunoprecipitation assays confirm the binding of Daam2 with Dishevelled (Dvl) as well as the domains within those proteins required for interaction. Interestingly the binding of Daam2 and Dvl was subject to Wnt regulation. Sub-cellular localization immunofluorescence studies using mammalian cell culture system reveal Daam2 is cytoplasmic and regulates the actin cytoskeleton by modulating the actin filament formation. In Xenopus embryos, Daam2 is temporally expressed at very low levels maternally and its expression increases during neurulation and remains subsequently elevated after neurulation. Daam2 expression is spatially refined to areas of highly dynamic actin reorganization such as mesoderm, notochord and neural tube. The knockdown of Daam2 in Xenopus embryos specifically produces neural tube closure defect suggesting a role in non-canonical signaling. Indeed studies examining the role of Daam2 in canonical Wnt signaling found no role for this protein in canonical Wnt signaling. These studies taken together identify Daam2 as an important Wnt signaling component that functions in the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway and regulates neural tube morphogenesis.
Temple University – Theses
Advisors/Committee Members: Habas, Raymond;, Gruberg, Edward R., Balciunas, Darius, Runnels, Loren W.;.
Subjects/Keywords: Developmental biology
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
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APA (6th Edition):
Nama, K. (2015). Characterization of Dishevelled Associated Activator of Morphogenesis 2 (Daam2) in Wnt Signaling During Early Embryonic Development. (Doctoral Dissertation). Temple University. Retrieved from http://digital.library.temple.edu/u?/p245801coll10,360057
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nama, Kaushik. “Characterization of Dishevelled Associated Activator of Morphogenesis 2 (Daam2) in Wnt Signaling During Early Embryonic Development.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Temple University. Accessed March 07, 2021.
http://digital.library.temple.edu/u?/p245801coll10,360057.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nama, Kaushik. “Characterization of Dishevelled Associated Activator of Morphogenesis 2 (Daam2) in Wnt Signaling During Early Embryonic Development.” 2015. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Nama K. Characterization of Dishevelled Associated Activator of Morphogenesis 2 (Daam2) in Wnt Signaling During Early Embryonic Development. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Temple University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: http://digital.library.temple.edu/u?/p245801coll10,360057.
Council of Science Editors:
Nama K. Characterization of Dishevelled Associated Activator of Morphogenesis 2 (Daam2) in Wnt Signaling During Early Embryonic Development. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Temple University; 2015. Available from: http://digital.library.temple.edu/u?/p245801coll10,360057
15.
Ciocanel, Maria-Veronica.
Modeling Intracellular Transport during Messenger RNA
Localization in Xenopus Oocytes.
Degree: Department of Applied Mathematics, 2017, Brown University
URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733303/
► Many organisms need to establish spatial orientation during early development. In egg cells (oocytes) of the frog Xenopus laevis, spatial differentiation is achieved by localization…
(more)
▼ Many organisms need to establish spatial orientation
during early development. In egg cells (oocytes) of the frog
Xenopus laevis, spatial differentiation is achieved by localization
of messenger RNA (mRNA), as these molecules move from the nucleus
to the periphery of the egg cell during egg formation. Our goal is
to understand how the long-term dynamics of mRNA molecules varies
across the oocyte and how localization is regulated in space and
time given parameters estimated using fluorescence recovery after
photobleaching (FRAP) data. Although a large number of analytical
and numerical models have been developed to extract binding and
diffusion rates from FRAP recovery curves, active transport of
molecules is typically not included in the existing models. We
introduced a validated numerical method for estimating diffusion,
binding/unbinding rates, and active transport velocities using FRAP
data that captures intracellular dynamics through partial
differential equation models. Given knowledge of these parameters,
the effective velocity and diffusion of particles at large times
are derived for linear and nonlinear PDE models of active transport
using dynamical systems and stochastic methods. In combination with
FRAP parameter estimates and predicted run times and lengths of
particles, these asymptotic quantities quantify dynamical
properties of localizing and non-localizing mRNA. Our results
confirm the hypothesis of distinct transport dynamics in different
regions of the egg cell and suggest that bidirectional transport of
mRNA may influence the timescale of RNA localization in Xenopus
oocytes. In addition, the parameter estimates inform numerical
simulations of mRNA localization on model microtubule structures,
which suggest that an anchoring mechanism at the cell periphery may
be essential in reproducing localization patterns.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sandstede, Bjorn (Advisor), Maxey, Martin (Reader), McKinley, Scott (Reader).
Subjects/Keywords: Developmental biology
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Ciocanel, M. (2017). Modeling Intracellular Transport during Messenger RNA
Localization in Xenopus Oocytes. (Thesis). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733303/
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ciocanel, Maria-Veronica. “Modeling Intracellular Transport during Messenger RNA
Localization in Xenopus Oocytes.” 2017. Thesis, Brown University. Accessed March 07, 2021.
https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733303/.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ciocanel, Maria-Veronica. “Modeling Intracellular Transport during Messenger RNA
Localization in Xenopus Oocytes.” 2017. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Ciocanel M. Modeling Intracellular Transport during Messenger RNA
Localization in Xenopus Oocytes. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brown University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733303/.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Ciocanel M. Modeling Intracellular Transport during Messenger RNA
Localization in Xenopus Oocytes. [Thesis]. Brown University; 2017. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733303/
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
16.
Fresques, Tara.
Identifying embryonic mechanisms that induce a germ cell
fate in sea stars.
Degree: Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and
Biochemistry, 2017, Brown University
URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733332/
► Germ cell specification is required for reproduction in all sexually reproducing animals. During animal development, animals can specify their germ cells through inheritance of maternal…
(more)
▼ Germ cell specification is required for reproduction
in all sexually reproducing animals. During animal development,
animals can specify their germ cells through inheritance of
maternal molecules or through induction by cell-cell signaling
events. Although the ancestral mode of germ cell specification
appears to occur by inductive mechanisms it is still not clear how
signals selectively induce a germ cell fate. I use the sea star as
a model to determine how signaling mechanisms direct germ cell
formation. First I use RNA in situ hybridizations to identify when
genes associated with germ cell formation are expressed during sea
star embryogenesis. I find that the conserved germ cell factors
Nanos, Vasa, and Piwi all localize in a germ cell pouch at the
larva stage. In addition, Nanos and Vasa mRNA appear to be serially
restricted into smaller and smaller embryonic domains during early
embryogenesis. One of these restriction events involves Left/Right
asymmetry because the germ cell pouch forms on the left side of the
embryo. Since Nodal is conserved and required for specification of
the Left/Right axis I use a gene perturbation strategy, primarily
by injecting a translation blocking morpholino into sea star
oocytes, to determine the role that the Nodal signal has on germ
cell specification. My results show that Nodal inhibits retention
of Nanos and Vasa mRNA in the ventral and right sides of the embryo
by inhibiting transcription and by stimulating RNA degradation. In
addition, my work suggests that Nodal also inhibits cell
morphogenetic events in the ventral and right sides of the embryo
required for germ cell pouch morphogenesis. Finally, I use RNA in
situ hybridizations to determine when Nanos accumulates in diverse
echinoderm species to determine how germ cell specification
mechanisms have changed during evolution. My results support the
growing consensus that germ cell specification by induction in sea
stars represents the ancestral state in echinoderms. Lastly, I
speculate which
developmental phenomena may be repeatedly required
for the evolution of an inherited germ cell specification in all
animals.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wessel, Gary (Advisor), Creton, Robbert (Reader), Freiman, Richard (Reader), Dunn, Casey (Reader), Wharton, Kristi (Reader), Extavour, Cassandra (Reader).
Subjects/Keywords: Developmental biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Fresques, T. (2017). Identifying embryonic mechanisms that induce a germ cell
fate in sea stars. (Thesis). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733332/
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Fresques, Tara. “Identifying embryonic mechanisms that induce a germ cell
fate in sea stars.” 2017. Thesis, Brown University. Accessed March 07, 2021.
https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733332/.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Fresques, Tara. “Identifying embryonic mechanisms that induce a germ cell
fate in sea stars.” 2017. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Fresques T. Identifying embryonic mechanisms that induce a germ cell
fate in sea stars. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brown University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733332/.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Fresques T. Identifying embryonic mechanisms that induce a germ cell
fate in sea stars. [Thesis]. Brown University; 2017. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733332/
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Purdue University
17.
Hilger, Allison Ilice.
New evidence that bimanual motor timing performance is not a significant factor in developmental stuttering.
Degree: MS, Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, 2015, Purdue University
URL: http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/503
► Stuttering is a disorder that involves a breakdown in the speech-motor system, resulting in disfluencies such as part- and whole-word repetitions, prolongations, and blocks.…
(more)
▼ Stuttering is a disorder that involves a breakdown in the speech-motor system, resulting in disfluencies such as part- and whole-word repetitions, prolongations, and blocks. This study addresses the question regarding whether this motor breakdown is specific to the speech-motor system, or more generalized across motor systems. As an expansion of Olander, Smith, and Zelaznik (2010), we measured bimanual motor timing performance in 115 children: 70 children who stutter (CWS) and 45 children who do not stutter (CWNS). The children were followed for five years of the study by completing a clapping task using a synchronization-continuation paradigm. Two analyses were completed. The first was a cross-sectional analysis of the data from the children in the initial year of the study (ages 4;0-5;11) comparing clapping performance between CWS and CWNS. In the second longitudinal analysis, the data were organized by the children's age to compare clapping performance across the
developmental continuum, and compared by eventual persistence or recovery status of stuttering. The results of these analyses reveal that preschool CWS do not differ from their nonstuttering peers on rates of clapping, and are not more variable than typically developing peers in performance of a bimanual rhythmic timing task. Additionally, bimanual motor timing differences are not a likely candidate as a contributing factor to the eventual persistence or recovery from stuttering. From these findings, we conclude that a bimanual motor timing deficit is not a core feature of persistent
developmental stuttering.
Advisors/Committee Members: Anne Smith, Anne Smith, Howard Zelaznik, Christine Weber-Fox, Anu Subramanian.
Subjects/Keywords: Developmental Biology
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
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APA (6th Edition):
Hilger, A. I. (2015). New evidence that bimanual motor timing performance is not a significant factor in developmental stuttering. (Thesis). Purdue University. Retrieved from http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/503
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hilger, Allison Ilice. “New evidence that bimanual motor timing performance is not a significant factor in developmental stuttering.” 2015. Thesis, Purdue University. Accessed March 07, 2021.
http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/503.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hilger, Allison Ilice. “New evidence that bimanual motor timing performance is not a significant factor in developmental stuttering.” 2015. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Hilger AI. New evidence that bimanual motor timing performance is not a significant factor in developmental stuttering. [Internet] [Thesis]. Purdue University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/503.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Hilger AI. New evidence that bimanual motor timing performance is not a significant factor in developmental stuttering. [Thesis]. Purdue University; 2015. Available from: http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/503
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of California – Irvine
18.
Murad, Rabi.
Functional genomic analyses of development in mouse and regeneration in Hydra.
Degree: Biological Sciences, 2018, University of California – Irvine
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7cp748b9
► Gene expression at the transcriptional level is controlled by DNA sequences called cis-regulatory modules (CRM) and at the post-transcriptional level by microRNAs (miRNAs). CRMs have…
(more)
▼ Gene expression at the transcriptional level is controlled by DNA sequences called cis-regulatory modules (CRM) and at the post-transcriptional level by microRNAs (miRNAs). CRMs have been studied almost exclusively in bilaterian organisms and little is known about them in non-bilaterian metazoans. Understanding the architecture of CRMs in cnidarians, a sister phylum to bilaterians, can potentially shed light on the evolution of gene regulation. Head regeneration is one of the most widely studied developmental processes in cnidarians. Using a comparison of the transcriptomes of regenerating heads and developing buds, I have determined sets of genes that are specific and common between head regeneration and budding. To understand the genomic sequences controlling these developmental programs, I have mapped the open-chromatin landscape of Hydra in different body parts and during head regeneration to identify candidate promoters and enhancers. My results are the first atlas of CRMs in Hydra, including a substantial fraction that is dynamic during head regeneration. Mammalian embryonic development has been used as a model system to study the role of miRNAs in previous studies, but a complete atlas of miRNA expression during development is missing. To understand the role of microRNAs during mouse development, I analyzed a time course of development representing multiple tissues and organs in mouse embryo. We find distinct tissue and developmental stage-specific miRNA expression profiles dominated by a small number of miRNAs. Analysis of conserved miRNAs reveals clustering of expression patterns by tissue types rather than species. We used matching RNA-seq and histone modification ChIP-seq datasets to improve the annotation of miRNA primary transcripts. We show that the expression levels of majority of primary miRNA transcripts predict the expression of their corresponding mature miRNAs. Our data provide the most comprehensive miRNA resource for mouse as well as a comprehensive list of mouse miRNAs that can be reliably measured by RNA-seq of their primary transcripts.Taken together, the elucidation of cis-regulatory landscape in the cnidarian Hydra and miRNA expression during mouse embryonic development will help the scientific community to understand better the role of enhancers in metazoan evolution and miRNA regulation in mammalian embryonic development.
Subjects/Keywords: Developmental biology
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Murad, R. (2018). Functional genomic analyses of development in mouse and regeneration in Hydra. (Thesis). University of California – Irvine. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7cp748b9
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Murad, Rabi. “Functional genomic analyses of development in mouse and regeneration in Hydra.” 2018. Thesis, University of California – Irvine. Accessed March 07, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7cp748b9.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Murad, Rabi. “Functional genomic analyses of development in mouse and regeneration in Hydra.” 2018. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Murad R. Functional genomic analyses of development in mouse and regeneration in Hydra. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Irvine; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7cp748b9.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Murad R. Functional genomic analyses of development in mouse and regeneration in Hydra. [Thesis]. University of California – Irvine; 2018. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7cp748b9
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of California – Berkeley
19.
Monica, Stefanie Dolores.
Induction, Specification and Differentiation of Neural Crest Cells in Xenopus and Danio rerio.
Degree: Molecular & Cell Biology, 2016, University of California – Berkeley
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9kx8p8hx
► The neural crest (NC) is a vertebrate-specific population of multipotent cells, often referred to as the fourth germ layer because of its unique ability to…
(more)
▼ The neural crest (NC) is a vertebrate-specific population of multipotent cells, often referred to as the fourth germ layer because of its unique ability to migrate to all parts of the body and contribute to a variety of tissues. Positional information allows neural crest cells to determine their location relative to each other and in complex 3D environments, and to respond accordingly. A central question in developmental biology is how these positional cues are imparted to cells, and how the cells interpret them for the appropriate response. The work in this thesis sets out to determine 1) how Wnt and BMP gradients define cells as neural crest, 2) how the position along the AP axis determines neural crest fate and 3) how abolishing one positional cue results in a craniofacial phenotype.Precise control of BMP and Wnt signaling in both space and time is necessary for proper neural crest induction. While the Wnt signaling pathway has been extensively studied, it is not clear how the cells interpret and respond to the Wnt signals. Knowing the importance of these pathways in setting up the embryo axes, I wanted to further our understanding of the precise way these pathways initiate the neural crest program. An important first step toward determining how the intersection of the Wnt and BMP signaling pathways set up the neural crest cell program in space and time was to develop a method to rapidly and uniformly manipulate the signaling pathways in Xenopu laevis embryos. I was able to validate that small molecules can replace the use of mRNA injections in order to manipulate signaling pathways. The next chapter of my thesis determines how neural crest cells are specified at different axial levels. The derivatives and migratory paths of neural crest cells in the cranial and non-cranial regions are very distinct, so the gene regulatory networks are likely to differ as well. Previous work has focused on the cranial neural crest cells, and therefore, regulation of the non-cranial neural crest program remains poorly understood. By taking advantage of transgenic zebrafish lines, I show that a neural crest cell’s position along the AP axis during early development determines its fate. In the final chapter of this thesis, I examine how abolishing one cue (Wnt signaling) affects patterning of neural crest-derived cells without affecting earlier aspects of neural crest formation, such as proliferation and differentiation. Analysis of the craniofacial structures in mutants for multiple components of non-canonical Wnt signaling provides evidence that each component is required for proper formation in different axes.
Subjects/Keywords: Developmental biology
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Monica, S. D. (2016). Induction, Specification and Differentiation of Neural Crest Cells in Xenopus and Danio rerio. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9kx8p8hx
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Monica, Stefanie Dolores. “Induction, Specification and Differentiation of Neural Crest Cells in Xenopus and Danio rerio.” 2016. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed March 07, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9kx8p8hx.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Monica, Stefanie Dolores. “Induction, Specification and Differentiation of Neural Crest Cells in Xenopus and Danio rerio.” 2016. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Monica SD. Induction, Specification and Differentiation of Neural Crest Cells in Xenopus and Danio rerio. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9kx8p8hx.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Monica SD. Induction, Specification and Differentiation of Neural Crest Cells in Xenopus and Danio rerio. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2016. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9kx8p8hx
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of California – Irvine
20.
Zhu, Yilun.
Understanding how Pentagone contributes to shaping a Dpp gradient.
Degree: Biological Sciences, 2018, University of California – Irvine
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/00n26510
► Although developing organisms of the same species may vary in size, the proportions of body sizes are kept remarkably constant. They do so even in…
(more)
▼ Although developing organisms of the same species may vary in size, the proportions of body sizes are kept remarkably constant. They do so even in the face of perturbations to growth. Morphogen gradients provide positional information in a concentration-dependent manner, and are linked to organ patterning and the control of organ size. To achieve proportional patterning morphogen gradients need to scale with the size of the tissue. This has been demonstrated for gradients of decapentaplegic (Dpp), a homolog of vertebrate bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which regulates pattern and growth in the wing imaginal disc of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. It has been argued that Pentagone (Pent), a secreted protein whose expression is repressed by Dpp, plays a central role in scaling the wing disc Dpp gradient, because the Dpp activity gradient of Pent mutants is severely contracted and does not scale well. It has been proposed that Pent acts as the expander in an “expansion-repression” feedback circuit that produces automatic gradient scaling. In agreement with this model, I found that Pent controls the spread of Dpp molecules in the wing disc, but in strong disagreement with it, I found that Pent has a very short spatial decay length, i.e. its biological activity does not spread far from its sites of synthesis. I used experiments to examine how Pent regulates Dpp spread, and mathematical modeling to explore how Pent acts locally to scale the Dpp gradient globally. I showed that Pent spreads the Dpp gradient by inhibiting the function of co-receptors at the edge of the wing disc. Based on that, I propose a modified expander-repressor model that can work even if Pent has a short decay length. The model predicts that Dpp-mediated feedback regulation of the receptor Thickveins (Tkv) and the co-receptor Division abnormally delayed (Dally) is necessary for scaling. I present experimental evidence that this is in fact the case.
Subjects/Keywords: Developmental biology
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Zhu, Y. (2018). Understanding how Pentagone contributes to shaping a Dpp gradient. (Thesis). University of California – Irvine. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/00n26510
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Zhu, Yilun. “Understanding how Pentagone contributes to shaping a Dpp gradient.” 2018. Thesis, University of California – Irvine. Accessed March 07, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/00n26510.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Zhu, Yilun. “Understanding how Pentagone contributes to shaping a Dpp gradient.” 2018. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Zhu Y. Understanding how Pentagone contributes to shaping a Dpp gradient. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Irvine; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/00n26510.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Zhu Y. Understanding how Pentagone contributes to shaping a Dpp gradient. [Thesis]. University of California – Irvine; 2018. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/00n26510
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of California – San Diego
21.
Lee, Samuel.
Development of Mouse Brown Adipose Tissue During Perinatal Period.
Degree: Biology, 2018, University of California – San Diego
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7fd860pf
► Although brown adipose tissue (BAT) has recently become a topic of interest due to its newfound presence in adult humans, the morphology brown adipocytes and…
(more)
▼ Although brown adipose tissue (BAT) has recently become a topic of interest due to its newfound presence in adult humans, the morphology brown adipocytes and expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) during developmental embryonic and postpartum time frames remains unclear. Additionally, little is known about how maternal obesity affects BAT development in fetal offspring. We selected pups of C57BL/6J dams from E15.5 through P30.5 under standard pregnancy conditions. Interscapular BAT (iBAT) samples were taken and analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, western blotting for anti-UCP1, and fluorescent imaging using UCP1-creER mT/mG transgenic construct. We placed C57BL/6J dams on 60% high fat calorie content diets 3 months before gestation and analyzed UCP1 content in pups using immunohistochemistry for anti-UCP1. Analysis on pup iBAT during standard pregnancies along our perinatal time frame revealed a linearly significant decrease in cell density and increase in adipocyte area. Moreover, both iBAT mass ratio to body weight and UCP1 protein expression spiked on P0.5 and eventually diminished. UCP1-creER mT/mG fluorescent imaging revealed UCP1 gene activity as early as E18.5. Maternal obesity increased UCP1 expression in iBAT at birth. Our study provides foundational information into the structural morphology of perinatal iBAT and the starting time point of UCP1 expression. We also find maternal obesity causes an increase in UCP1 expression during postpartum development in pups.
Subjects/Keywords: Developmental biology
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APA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Lee, S. (2018). Development of Mouse Brown Adipose Tissue During Perinatal Period. (Thesis). University of California – San Diego. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7fd860pf
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lee, Samuel. “Development of Mouse Brown Adipose Tissue During Perinatal Period.” 2018. Thesis, University of California – San Diego. Accessed March 07, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7fd860pf.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lee, Samuel. “Development of Mouse Brown Adipose Tissue During Perinatal Period.” 2018. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Lee S. Development of Mouse Brown Adipose Tissue During Perinatal Period. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7fd860pf.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Lee S. Development of Mouse Brown Adipose Tissue During Perinatal Period. [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2018. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7fd860pf
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
22.
Sachani, Saqib.
Role of Six3 and Pax6 in regulating the gene networks
involved in vertebrate eye development.
Degree: MS, Biological
Sciences, 2011, National Library of Canada
URL: http://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/299
► Xenopus eye field transcription factors display a dynamic and overlapping expression pattern but their signaling hierarchy is unclear. Current signaling models are inconsistent with regard…
(more)
▼ Xenopus eye field transcription factors
display a dynamic and overlapping expression pattern but their
signaling hierarchy is unclear. Current signaling models are
inconsistent with regard to some eye phenotypes. The object of my
study is to clarify the role of some of the early and major players
in eye development: is Rx1 really an upstream regulator of Pax6 and
Six3 ? Its mutant phenotype is very much milder that those of the
latter two. Morpholino-mediated Six3 knockdown caused severe
phenotypes and absence of Pax6 expression in the eye field.
Conversely, Pax6 knockdown produced a milder phenotype with reduced
Six3 expression. Six3 phenotypes can be rescued by Pax6 , and
perturbation of either demolishes Rx1 expression. This suggests a
reversed order of dominance in signaling than previously described.
I also examine the hierarchical relationships shared between Six3,
Pax6, Rx1 and other eye field candidates - Otx2, Sox2, Pitx3, MafA,
Lens1, Pax2 and gamma-crystallin .
Advisors/Committee Members: Crawford, Michael (Biological Sciences).
Subjects/Keywords: Developmental Biology.
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Sachani, S. (2011). Role of Six3 and Pax6 in regulating the gene networks
involved in vertebrate eye development. (Masters Thesis). National Library of Canada. Retrieved from http://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/299
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sachani, Saqib. “Role of Six3 and Pax6 in regulating the gene networks
involved in vertebrate eye development.” 2011. Masters Thesis, National Library of Canada. Accessed March 07, 2021.
http://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/299.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sachani, Saqib. “Role of Six3 and Pax6 in regulating the gene networks
involved in vertebrate eye development.” 2011. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Sachani S. Role of Six3 and Pax6 in regulating the gene networks
involved in vertebrate eye development. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. National Library of Canada; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: http://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/299.
Council of Science Editors:
Sachani S. Role of Six3 and Pax6 in regulating the gene networks
involved in vertebrate eye development. [Masters Thesis]. National Library of Canada; 2011. Available from: http://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/299
Harvard University
23.
Hrvatin, Sinisa.
Exploring the Use of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Create Functional Pancreatic \(\beta\) Cells.
Degree: PhD, Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 2012, Harvard University
URL: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:10433470
► Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has the potential to produce human cell types that can be used for disease modeling and cell…
(more)
▼ Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has the potential to produce human cell types that can be used for disease modeling and cell transplantation. Two key challenges in the differentiation from hPSCs to (β) cells are the specification from pancreatic progenitors to insulin-expressing ((INS
+
)) cells and the maturation of (INS
+) cells into glucose responsive β cells. To address the first, two high-content chemical screens identified PKC inhibitors as inducers of (INS
+) cells from pancreatic progenitors. PKC inhibition generated up to tenfold more (INS
+) cells while PKC agonists blocked differentiation into (INS
+) cells. Transplantation of (PKCβ) inhibitor-treated pancreatic progenitors, containing higher
proportions of endocrine progenitors and endocrine cells, resulted in mature (β) cells showing higher levels of glucose-stimulated human c-peptide production in vivo. This indicates that in vitro derived (INS
+)
cells might be competent to mature into functional (β) cells. To address the second challenge, we first studied mouse and human (β) cell maturation in vivo. Postnatal mouse (β) cell maturation was marked by an increase in the glucose threshold for insulin secretion and by expression of the gene urocortin 3. To study human (β) cell maturation, a Method for Analyzing RNA following Intracellular Sorting (MARIS) was developed and used for transcriptional profiling of sorted human fetal and adult (β) cells. Surprisingly, transcriptional differences between human fetal and adult (β) cells did not resemble differences between mouse fetal and adult (β) cells, calling into question inter-species homology at the late stages of development. A direct comparison between hPSC-derived (INS
+) cells, and (β) cells produced during human development is essential to validate directed differentiation and provide a roadmap for maturation of hPSC-derived (INS
+) cells. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis of sorted (INS
+) cells derived from three hPSC-lines suggest that different lines produce highly similar (INS
+) cells, confirming robustness of directed differentiation protocols. Furthermore, nonfunctional hPSC-derived (INS
+) cells resemble human fetal (β) cells, which are distinct from adult (β) cells. We therefore suggest that in vitro directed differentiation mimics normal human development and reveal differences in gene expression that may account for the functional differences between hPSC-derived (INS
+) cells and true (β) cells.
Advisors/Committee Members: Melton, Douglas A. (advisor), Weir, Gordon (committee member), Eggan, Kevin (committee member), Greiner, Dale (committee member), Zon, Leonard (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Developmental biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Hrvatin, S. (2012). Exploring the Use of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Create Functional Pancreatic \(\beta\) Cells. (Doctoral Dissertation). Harvard University. Retrieved from http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:10433470
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hrvatin, Sinisa. “Exploring the Use of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Create Functional Pancreatic \(\beta\) Cells.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Harvard University. Accessed March 07, 2021.
http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:10433470.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hrvatin, Sinisa. “Exploring the Use of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Create Functional Pancreatic \(\beta\) Cells.” 2012. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Hrvatin S. Exploring the Use of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Create Functional Pancreatic \(\beta\) Cells. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Harvard University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:10433470.
Council of Science Editors:
Hrvatin S. Exploring the Use of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Create Functional Pancreatic \(\beta\) Cells. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Harvard University; 2012. Available from: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:10433470
Harvard University
24.
Shyer, Amy Elizabeth.
The Role of Mechanical Forces in Patterning and Morphogenesis of the Vertebrate Gut.
Degree: PhD, Cell and Developmental Biology, 2013, Harvard University
URL: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11129374
► The vertebrate small intestine is responsible for nutrient absorption during digestion. To this end, the surface area of the gut tube is maximally expanded, both…
(more)
▼ The vertebrate small intestine is responsible for nutrient absorption during digestion. To this end, the surface area of the gut tube is maximally expanded, both through a series of loops extending its length and via the development of a complex luminal topography. Here, I first examine the mechanism behind the formation of intestinal loops. I demonstrate that looping morphogenesis is driven by mechanical forces that arise from differential growth between the gut tube and the anchoring dorsal mesenteric sheet. A computational model based on measured parameters not only quantitatively predicts the looping pattern in chick, verifying that these physical forces are sufficient to explain the process, but also accounts for the variation in the gut looping patterns seen in other species. Second, I explore the formation of intestinal villi in chick. I find that intestinal villi form in a stepwise process as a result of physical forces generated as proliferating endodermal and mesenchymal tissues are constrained by sequentially differentiating layers of smooth muscle. A computational model incorporating measured differential growth and the geometric and physical properties of the developing chick gut recapitulates the morphological patterns seen during chick villi formation. I also demonstrate that the same basic biophysical processes underlie the formation of intestinal folds in frog and villi in mice. Finally, I focus on the process by which intestinal stem cells are ultimately localized to the base of each villus. The endoderm expresses the morphogen, Sonic hedgehog (Shh). As the luminal surface of the gut is deformed during villus formation there are resulting local maxima of Shh signaling in the mesenchyme. This results, at high threshold, in the induction of a new signaling center under the villus tip termed the villus cluster. This, in turn, feeds back to restrict proliferating progenitors in the endoderm, the presumptive precursors of the stem cells, to the base of each villus. Together, these studies provide new insight into the formation of the small intestine as a functional organ and highlight the interplay between physical forces, tissue-level growth, and signaling during development.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tabin, Clifford James (advisor), Goessling, Wolfram (committee member), Maas, Richard (committee member), Martin, Adam (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Developmental biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Shyer, A. E. (2013). The Role of Mechanical Forces in Patterning and Morphogenesis of the Vertebrate Gut. (Doctoral Dissertation). Harvard University. Retrieved from http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11129374
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Shyer, Amy Elizabeth. “The Role of Mechanical Forces in Patterning and Morphogenesis of the Vertebrate Gut.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Harvard University. Accessed March 07, 2021.
http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11129374.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Shyer, Amy Elizabeth. “The Role of Mechanical Forces in Patterning and Morphogenesis of the Vertebrate Gut.” 2013. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Shyer AE. The Role of Mechanical Forces in Patterning and Morphogenesis of the Vertebrate Gut. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Harvard University; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11129374.
Council of Science Editors:
Shyer AE. The Role of Mechanical Forces in Patterning and Morphogenesis of the Vertebrate Gut. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Harvard University; 2013. Available from: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11129374
Virginia Commonwealth University
25.
Wyatt, Brent.
Chromodomain Helicase DNA Binding Protein 1 (Chd1) is required for orofacial development in Xenopus.
Degree: PhD, Human Genetics, 2018, Virginia Commonwealth University
URL: https://doi.org/10.25772/8JCS-EN57
;
https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5365
► Abnormalities affecting orofacial development are some of the most common, expensive, and devastating birth defects. Children born with such defects may experience difficulties with…
(more)
▼ Abnormalities affecting orofacial development are some of the most common, expensive, and devastating birth defects. Children born with such defects may experience difficulties with eating, breathing, and speech and in addition, these defects often require multiple surgeries to correct them. Therefore, it is critical to understand how the orofacial region develops in order to better treat and prevent these types of birth defects.
Xenopus laevis has emerged as a strong model in which to examine orofacial development and was utilized here to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the complex development of the orofacial region. Retinoic acid is one signal involved in orchestrating orofacial development and accomplishes this in part by regulating the nucleosome structure of target genes. The work presented here characterizes the role of an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler, chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 1 (Chd1), in orofacial development in
X. laevis. The spatial expression of Chd1 supports its role in orofacial development and reduced expression of Chd1 resulted in abnormal facial development. Closer examination of Chd1 morphant embryos revealed that Chd1 is required for the expression of important neural crest and cartilage genes that are necessary for proper development of the face. In addition, there was an increase in apoptosis in regions consistent with migrating neural crest and neural crest derived structures. As a consequence, many of the facial cartilages do not form properly in morphant embryos resulting in a smaller face. Further, this work presents evidence that Chd1 may cooperate with retinoic acid to regulate orofacial development in
X. laevis.
Advisors/Committee Members: Amanda Dickinson.
Subjects/Keywords: Developmental Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Wyatt, B. (2018). Chromodomain Helicase DNA Binding Protein 1 (Chd1) is required for orofacial development in Xenopus. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Commonwealth University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25772/8JCS-EN57 ; https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5365
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wyatt, Brent. “Chromodomain Helicase DNA Binding Protein 1 (Chd1) is required for orofacial development in Xenopus.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Commonwealth University. Accessed March 07, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.25772/8JCS-EN57 ; https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5365.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wyatt, Brent. “Chromodomain Helicase DNA Binding Protein 1 (Chd1) is required for orofacial development in Xenopus.” 2018. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Wyatt B. Chromodomain Helicase DNA Binding Protein 1 (Chd1) is required for orofacial development in Xenopus. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Commonwealth University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.25772/8JCS-EN57 ; https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5365.
Council of Science Editors:
Wyatt B. Chromodomain Helicase DNA Binding Protein 1 (Chd1) is required for orofacial development in Xenopus. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Commonwealth University; 2018. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25772/8JCS-EN57 ; https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5365
Wayne State University
26.
Luan, Qing.
Pax6 is required for the development of the lateral procephalon in tribolium.
Degree: MS, Biological Sciences, 2012, Wayne State University
URL: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_theses/196
► In Tribolium, combinatorial knockdown of the Pax6 orthologs eyeless (ey) and twin of eyeless (toy) affects the peripheral visual system but also other areas…
(more)
▼ In Tribolium, combinatorial knockdown of the Pax6 orthologs eyeless (ey) and twin of eyeless (toy) affects the peripheral visual system but also other areas of the dorsal larval head capsule. To elucidate the role of Pax6 genes during Tribolium embryonic head development in detail, we performed an extensive analysis of cuticle
elements, brain anatomy, embryonic head morphogenesis and
developmental marker gene expression. Our results reveal that Pax6 is required for the development of a large contiguous area of the lateral anterior head, morphologically addressed as the embryonic head lobes, which encompass the neuroectodermal precursor tissues of the visual system, parts of the mushroom bodies, and the dorsal head cuticle. In addition to consolidating our understanding of the
developmental compartmentalization of the
early Tribolium head, these data characterize Pax6 genes as regional regulators of development.
Advisors/Committee Members: Markus Friedrich.
Subjects/Keywords: Developmental Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Luan, Q. (2012). Pax6 is required for the development of the lateral procephalon in tribolium. (Masters Thesis). Wayne State University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_theses/196
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Luan, Qing. “Pax6 is required for the development of the lateral procephalon in tribolium.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Wayne State University. Accessed March 07, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_theses/196.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Luan, Qing. “Pax6 is required for the development of the lateral procephalon in tribolium.” 2012. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Luan Q. Pax6 is required for the development of the lateral procephalon in tribolium. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Wayne State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_theses/196.
Council of Science Editors:
Luan Q. Pax6 is required for the development of the lateral procephalon in tribolium. [Masters Thesis]. Wayne State University; 2012. Available from: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_theses/196
Boston University
27.
Schatzberg, Daphne.
Bioelectrical dynamics are required for normal development of the sea urchin embryo.
Degree: PhD, Biology, 2017, Boston University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/27332
► Bioelectricity refers to differential membrane voltage and cytoplasmic ion concentrations in tissues or cells which persist over long periods of time. Differences in these steady-state…
(more)
▼ Bioelectricity refers to differential membrane voltage and cytoplasmic ion concentrations in tissues or cells which persist over long periods of time. Differences in these steady-state ionic conditions are responsible for large-scale axial patterning and morphogenesis in developing embryos. The sea urchin embryo is an excellent model organism for studying embryonic development, yet a comprehensive study of bioelectricity in sea urchin development has not been reported. Differential ion channel activity is a primary means by which bioelectricity is controlled; thus, we hypothesized that disrupting ion channel activity would reveal the requirements for bioelectricity in the sea urchin embryo. We performed a screen of ion channel inhibitors and discovered that their activities are required for many processes in sea urchin development. We chose two interesting phenotypes to investigate further. First, we demonstrate that H+/K+ ATPase (HKA) activity is required for biomineralization of the sea urchin larval skeleton. We determined that embryos raised with HKA inhibitors initially exhibit voltage and pH changes, then revert to normal voltage and pH during biomineralization via compensatory changes in sodium and chloride ions; it is likely that these compensatory changes lead to defects in transport of carbonate ions, that in turn, inhibit biomineralization of the calcium carbonate skeleton. We hypothesize that similar mechanisms are at play in human patients on long-term HKA inhibitors to treat acid reflux, in whom biomineralization is also decreased. Next, we demonstrate that V-type H+ ATPase (VHA) activity is required for specification of the dorsal-ventral (DV) axis, for the normal inactivation of p38 MAPK in the presumptive dorsal region, and for the subsequent asymmetric onset of expression of the TGFβ family member Nodal, that locally specifies the ventral territory. Embryos treated with VHA inhibitors exhibit global p38 MAPK activity and Nodal expression, and are ventralized. We describe previously unknown gradients of voltage and pH across the DV axis, the sharpness of which requires VHA activity. We propose that the voltage and pH gradients encode spatial information which confers asymmetry on p38 MAPK activity. Overall, we demonstrate that bioelectrical changes are essential for development of the sea urchin embryo, specifically via roles in biomineralization and DV axis specification.
Subjects/Keywords: Developmental biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Schatzberg, D. (2017). Bioelectrical dynamics are required for normal development of the sea urchin embryo. (Doctoral Dissertation). Boston University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2144/27332
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Schatzberg, Daphne. “Bioelectrical dynamics are required for normal development of the sea urchin embryo.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Boston University. Accessed March 07, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2144/27332.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Schatzberg, Daphne. “Bioelectrical dynamics are required for normal development of the sea urchin embryo.” 2017. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Schatzberg D. Bioelectrical dynamics are required for normal development of the sea urchin embryo. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Boston University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/27332.
Council of Science Editors:
Schatzberg D. Bioelectrical dynamics are required for normal development of the sea urchin embryo. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Boston University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/27332
University of California – San Francisco
28.
Nozawa, Yoko Inès.
Mechanisms of Assembly of Motile Cilia and Flagella.
Degree: Developmental Biology, 2013, University of California – San Francisco
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2hj9z7ds
► Cilia and flagella are evolutionarily ancient organelles that perform motility and/or sensory functions in most protozoans and metazoans. They are microtubule-based projections on the cell…
(more)
▼ Cilia and flagella are evolutionarily ancient organelles that perform motility and/or sensory functions in most protozoans and metazoans. They are microtubule-based projections on the cell surface anchored by modified centrioles at the base. In vertebrates, cilia play important developmental roles such as the establishment of left-right asymmetry, tissue homeostasis and cell differentiation. In particular, the vertebrate Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway depends on the immotile primary cilium for the trafficking of signal receptors and effectors. The putative serine-threonine kinase Fused (Fu) is an indispensable regulator of the Drosophila Hh signaling system. However, the mammalian ortholog does not participate in the Hh pathway and instead assists in the construction of motile cilia with the "9+2" arrangement of microtubules in the axoneme. Therefore, the functions of Fu have diverged between Hh signaling and motile ciliogenesis. In this dissertation, we show that mouse Fu and its interacting protein Kif27 are ciliary proteins that function in the construction of the central pair microtubules of motile cilia in the mouse trachea and the oviduct. We show that Fu physically associates with proteins in the central pair doublet and plays an important role in the establishment of directional fluid flow in the lumen of the mouse oviduct. Finally, we investigate the role of Fu in the construction of the sperm flagellum with the use of transgenic mouse models. Surprisingly, Fu does not appear to be needed for the construction of the central pair apparatus of the sperm flagellum. Instead, we demonstrate that it is required for the integrity and proper spatial distribution of the components of the fibrous sheath. We also discover that Fu is involved in the development of the sperm head structure through its interaction with the microtubule-based manchette transport system. The data in this dissertation suggest that Fu is an adaptable protein that has been co-opted for multiple functions involving trafficking on the microtubules across diverse phyla. Our results provide useful insights into the regulation and conservation of motile cilia and flagella assembly.
Subjects/Keywords: Developmental biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Nozawa, Y. I. (2013). Mechanisms of Assembly of Motile Cilia and Flagella. (Thesis). University of California – San Francisco. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2hj9z7ds
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nozawa, Yoko Inès. “Mechanisms of Assembly of Motile Cilia and Flagella.” 2013. Thesis, University of California – San Francisco. Accessed March 07, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2hj9z7ds.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nozawa, Yoko Inès. “Mechanisms of Assembly of Motile Cilia and Flagella.” 2013. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Nozawa YI. Mechanisms of Assembly of Motile Cilia and Flagella. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – San Francisco; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2hj9z7ds.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Nozawa YI. Mechanisms of Assembly of Motile Cilia and Flagella. [Thesis]. University of California – San Francisco; 2013. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2hj9z7ds
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of California – San Francisco
29.
Keylin, Svetlana.
Beige adipocyte maintenance is regulated by autophagy-induced mitochondrial clearance.
Degree: Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 2016, University of California – San Francisco
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/38k6n8m0
► Beige adipocytes gained much attention as an alternative cellular target in anti-obesity therapy. While recent studies have identified a number of regulatory circuits that promote…
(more)
▼ Beige adipocytes gained much attention as an alternative cellular target in anti-obesity therapy. While recent studies have identified a number of regulatory circuits that promote beige adipocyte differentiation, the molecular basis of beige adipocyte maintenance remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that beige adipocytes progressively lose their morphological and molecular characteristics after withdrawing external stimuli, and directly acquire white-like characteristics bypassing an intermediate precursor stage. The beige-to-white adipocyte transition is tightly coupled to a decrease in mitochondria, increase in autophagy, and activation of MiT/TFE transcription factor-mediated lysosome biogenesis. The autophagy pathway is crucial for mitochondrial clearance during the transition; inhibiting autophagy by UCP1+-adipocyte-specific deletion of Atg5 or Atg12 prevents beige adipocyte loss after withdrawing external stimuli, maintaining high thermogenic capacity and protecting against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. The present study uncovers a fundamental mechanism by which autophagy-mediated mitochondrial clearance controls beige adipocyte maintenance, thereby providing new opportunities to prevent obesity.
Subjects/Keywords: Developmental biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Keylin, S. (2016). Beige adipocyte maintenance is regulated by autophagy-induced mitochondrial clearance. (Thesis). University of California – San Francisco. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/38k6n8m0
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Keylin, Svetlana. “Beige adipocyte maintenance is regulated by autophagy-induced mitochondrial clearance.” 2016. Thesis, University of California – San Francisco. Accessed March 07, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/38k6n8m0.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Keylin, Svetlana. “Beige adipocyte maintenance is regulated by autophagy-induced mitochondrial clearance.” 2016. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Keylin S. Beige adipocyte maintenance is regulated by autophagy-induced mitochondrial clearance. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – San Francisco; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/38k6n8m0.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Keylin S. Beige adipocyte maintenance is regulated by autophagy-induced mitochondrial clearance. [Thesis]. University of California – San Francisco; 2016. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/38k6n8m0
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
30.
Kautzman, Amanda Grace.
Transcriptional Activation by Islet1 Isoforms.
Degree: 2014, University of California – eScholarship, University of California
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/64m822t8
► The present study examined the role of alternative splicing as a mechanism to create neuronal diversity within the developing retina. The Isl1 gene has two…
(more)
▼ The present study examined the role of alternative splicing as a mechanism to create neuronal diversity within the developing retina. The Isl1 gene has two alternatively spliced isoforms, α and β, that are present in the developing retina. The Isl1β isoform lacks a critical portion of a protein-binding domain with which Isl1 binds to Lhx3 in a known transcriptional complex (Isl1:Lhx3:Ldb1). Developmental analysis of Isl1 expression reveals the Isl1α isoform is expressed at higher levels than Isl1β throughout development and persisting into adulthood. Isl1 isoforms are present in distinct subsets of retinal ganglion cells, with Isl1β-expressing cells being restricted to cells with soma sizes under 175μ2. A luciferase assay demonstrates the Isl1β isoform is functionally distinct from Isl1α and is not capable of activating the Isl1:Lhx3:Ldb1 complex as Isl1α is. These results suggest that Isl1β containing-complexes may have unique gene targets from Isl1α and implicate the alternative splicing of Isl1 as a mechanism contributing to neuronal differentiation during retinal development.
Subjects/Keywords: Developmental biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Kautzman, A. G. (2014). Transcriptional Activation by Islet1 Isoforms. (Thesis). University of California – eScholarship, University of California. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/64m822t8
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kautzman, Amanda Grace. “Transcriptional Activation by Islet1 Isoforms.” 2014. Thesis, University of California – eScholarship, University of California. Accessed March 07, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/64m822t8.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kautzman, Amanda Grace. “Transcriptional Activation by Islet1 Isoforms.” 2014. Web. 07 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Kautzman AG. Transcriptional Activation by Islet1 Isoforms. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – eScholarship, University of California; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 07].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/64m822t8.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Kautzman AG. Transcriptional Activation by Islet1 Isoforms. [Thesis]. University of California – eScholarship, University of California; 2014. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/64m822t8
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
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Open Access Theses and Dissertations