subject:(dairy grazing)

Massey University

1. Christensen, Christine Lynne. Duration-controlled grazing of dairy cows : impacts on pasture production and losses of nutrients and faecal microbes to water.

Degree: PhD, Soil Science, 2013, Massey University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/5142

► Mitigation strategies for improved environmental sustainability of the New Zealand dairy industry need to focus on reducing the transport of nitrogen (N) from urine patches… (more)

▼ Mitigation strategies for improved environmental sustainability of the New Zealand dairy industry need to focus on reducing the transport of nitrogen (N) from urine patches and phosphorus (P) and faecal microbes from dung patches to waterways. One strategy is Duration-controlled grazing (DC grazing), a system based upon shorter grazing periods on pasture (4 hours) and removing cows to a stand-off facility for rumination and excretion. The stored effluent is applied to pasture as a slurry at an appropriate time when nutrients are required and soil conditions are suitable. A three year field study was established in the Manawatu to compare key features of DC grazing with a standard grazed (SG) system. This thesis explores the impact of a DC grazing system on the losses of N, P, potassium (K) and faecal microbes to water through drainage and surface runoff. It also investigates the effects of such a system on pasture production and intakes of pasture by cows. Pasture accumulation was the same for both treatments in the first year, but there was a 20% and 9% decline on the DC treatment in the subsequent two years. This was due to the way that slurry applications were managed. A large amount of slurry (212 kg N/ha) was applied in the first year, and no slurry was applied in the second year. In the third year slurry was applied four times at a total rate of 115 kg N/ha. The study indicates more frequent application of all nutrients captured in the effluent from standing cows off is required to maintain pasture production. Compared to the SG plots, the reductions in N losses from DC grazed plots were large, with an average 52% reduction in NO3- and 42% reduction in total N leached. Reducing urine deposition during autumn grazings appeared to have the largest impact on reducing NO3- leaching. Runoff losses of N were small and similar between treatments. The losses of P were small through both surface runoff and drainage. There was a large variation in runoff volume, which resulted in highly variable P runoff loads across plots and between treatments. The average 32% reduction in total P load from DC grazed plots was not significantly different from SG plots. Useful predictors of P load lost from all plots were runoff depth and the time cows spent grazing. Faecal microbe losses were also similar between treatments, with the useful predictors of faecal microbe concentration across all plots being the number of days since grazing and the climate after grazing. The amount of K applied in slurry and urine had a large influence on both soil and herbage K. It was determined that in a DC grazing situation, the K-rich liquid component must be included in the applied slurry to maintain soil K levels. The OVERSEER® nutrient budgeting software was able to simulate nutrient cycling in the DC grazing system reasonably well. The total N loss from the system was predicted accurately, although the relative proportion of N in drainage and runoff was not. Several opportunities for further work arise from this research. While DC grazing…

Subjects/Keywords: Controlled grazing; Dairy cattle grazing; Dairy farm runoff; Pasture; Soil nutrients; Nitrogen in soil; Phosphorus in soil; Grazing management

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Christensen, C. L. (2013). Duration-controlled grazing of dairy cows : impacts on pasture production and losses of nutrients and faecal microbes to water. (Doctoral Dissertation). Massey University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10179/5142

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Christensen, Christine Lynne. “Duration-controlled grazing of dairy cows : impacts on pasture production and losses of nutrients and faecal microbes to water.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Massey University. Accessed February 28, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/5142.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Christensen, Christine Lynne. “Duration-controlled grazing of dairy cows : impacts on pasture production and losses of nutrients and faecal microbes to water.” 2013. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Christensen CL. Duration-controlled grazing of dairy cows : impacts on pasture production and losses of nutrients and faecal microbes to water. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Massey University; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/5142.

Council of Science Editors:

Christensen CL. Duration-controlled grazing of dairy cows : impacts on pasture production and losses of nutrients and faecal microbes to water. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Massey University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/5142

Utah State University

2. Hadfield, Jacob A. The Effects of Different Organic Pastures on Dairy Heifer Growth and Development.

Degree: MS, Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 2020, Utah State University

URL: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7812

► Raising dairy heifers in a certified organic setting can be difficult for producers. Conventionally, heifers are raised in a confined setting, and fed a… (more)

▼ Raising dairy heifers in a certified organic setting can be difficult for producers. Conventionally, heifers are raised in a confined setting, and fed a total mixed ration (TMR) that is balanced daily to contain all the needed nutrients for developing heifers. Organic producers can use a TMR in their operations, but due to high organic feed costs, many choose to raise their heifers in pasture-based systems. While pasture-based systems may lower costs, heifers on pasture commonly have lower rates of gain, which can be financially burdensome to producers. Grass-legume pastures may help improve rates of gain in heifers on pasture-based systems. In this study, yearling Jersey heifers received one of nine different treatments: eight pasture treatments or a conventional TMR control, for a 105-d period. Pasture treatments included four grass pastures: tall fescue (TF), meadow bromegrass (MB), orchard grass (OG), perennial ryegrass (PR) and four mixed pastures with each individual grass interseeded with the legume birdsfoot trefoil (BFT). To determine the effects of different pastures on heifer growth, heifers were sampled every 35 days over a 105-d period. During sampling, weight and hip-height were measured, and blood and fecal samples were taken from each heifer. Blood samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), an indicator of protein status, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), an indicator of energy balance. Fecal samples were analyzed to determine the parasite load of each heifer. At day 105 of the study, heifers were bred, and conception rates were determined 35 days after breeding. Heifers on mixed pasture tended to have increased body weights compared to heifers on grass pastures. Heifers fed on mixed pastures had a similar weight gain to those fed a TMR, except for heifers on TF+BFT were lower. Heifers fed on mixed pastures also had higher BUN concentrations than heifers fed on grass pastures. Heifers fed grass and mixed pastures had similar IGF-1 concentrations, parasite load and conception rates. Adding the legume BFT to grass pasture helped dairy heifers grow faster and more efficiently. Interseeding grass pastures with BFT may be a sustainable method to improve growth of developing jersey heifers being raised in a pasture-based system, although additional research is needed. Advisors/Committee Members: Kara J. Thornton-Kurth, Kerry A. Rood, S. Clay Isom, ;.

Subjects/Keywords: Organic; Dairy; Heifer; Grazing; Pasture; Animal Sciences; Dairy Science

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hadfield, J. A. (2020). The Effects of Different Organic Pastures on Dairy Heifer Growth and Development. (Masters Thesis). Utah State University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7812

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hadfield, Jacob A. “The Effects of Different Organic Pastures on Dairy Heifer Growth and Development.” 2020. Masters Thesis, Utah State University. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7812.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hadfield, Jacob A. “The Effects of Different Organic Pastures on Dairy Heifer Growth and Development.” 2020. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Hadfield JA. The Effects of Different Organic Pastures on Dairy Heifer Growth and Development. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Utah State University; 2020. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7812.

Council of Science Editors:

Hadfield JA. The Effects of Different Organic Pastures on Dairy Heifer Growth and Development. [Masters Thesis]. Utah State University; 2020. Available from: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7812

University of Pretoria

3. Van Wyngaard, Josef de Villiers. Effect of palm kernel expeller supplementation on production performance of Jersey cows grazing kikuyu/ryegrass pasture.

Degree: Animal and Wildlife Sciences, 2013, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41070

► Ruminant feed supplements are price sensitive and are effected by the continuous fluctuation of other raw material feed prices. Therefore, improving the efficiency of production… (more)

▼ Ruminant feed supplements are price sensitive and are effected by the continuous fluctuation of other raw material feed prices. Therefore, improving the efficiency of production and reducing cost of supplement concentrates for dairy cows are becoming increasingly important both for the smallholder and commercial dairy farmer. This can be overcome by replacing expensive energy and protein feeds with cheaper by-products. During periods of high maize prices, replacing maize with lower cost high fibre by-products becomes an economically viable option. Palm kernel expeller (PKE) fits the profile of a low cost, high fibre by-product. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different inclusion levels of PKE in dairy concentrates for Jersey cows on milk production, milk composition, body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) change, rumen parameters and in situ ruminal kikuyu/ryegrass pasture degradability of dry matter (DMd) and neutral detergent fibre (NDFd) as well as NDFd rate (NDF kd). The study was conducted at the Outeniqua Research Farm situated near George in the Western Cape and cows grazed high quality kikuyu/ryegrass pasture during spring. Forty eight multiparous high producing Jersey cows were blocked according to 4% fat corrected milk (FCM), days in milk (DIM) and lactation number and randomly allocated to three treatments (control, low PKE, and high PKE). The PKE inclusion level in the control, low PKE, and high PKE treatment concentrates was 0, 20, and 40%, respectively. The PKE replaced part of the maize and protein sources in the concentrate. Milk yield was recorded daily and milk composition was determined in two week intervals over a 60 d period, after a 21 d adaptation period. Additionally, eight lactating rumen-fistulated cows were randomly allocated to the control and high PKE treatment in a two period crossover design. Ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA’s), ruminal ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), and in situ ruminal kikuyu/ryegrass pasture DMd, NDFd and NDF kd were measured. Cows received 6 kg (as is) concentrate per day divided over two milking periods and strip grazed kikuyu/ryegrass pasture as one group. Milk yield and milk fat content did not differ (P > 0.05) between treatments and were 21.3, 21.3 and 20.7 kg/cow/d and 4.63, 4.65, and 4.66% for cows receiving the control, low PKE and high PKE treatments, respectively. Milk protein, milk urea nitrogen (MUN), BW and BCS did not differ (P > 0.05) between treatments. Total VFA’s, average ruminal pH, ruminal NH3-N, and in situ ruminal kikuyu/ryegrass pasture DMd and NDFd as well as NDF kd did not differ (P > 0.05) between treatments. The acetic to propionic acid ratio was, however, higher (P < 0.05) for cows supplemented with the high PKE treatment. It can be concluded that partial replacement of maize with 20 or 40% PKE in a lactating dairy cow concentrate did not affect milk yield, milk fat content, milk protein content, somatic cell count (SCC), BW, or BCS. Rumen fermentation was unaffected and a healthy rumen environment was… Advisors/Committee Members: Erasmus, L.J. (Lourens Jacobus) (advisor), Meeske, R. (coadvisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Raw material; Feed prices; Dairy cows; Commercial dairy farmers; Jersey cows grazing kikuyu/ryegrass; UCTD

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Van Wyngaard, J. d. (2013). Effect of palm kernel expeller supplementation on production performance of Jersey cows grazing kikuyu/ryegrass pasture. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41070

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Van Wyngaard, Josef de. “Effect of palm kernel expeller supplementation on production performance of Jersey cows grazing kikuyu/ryegrass pasture.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed February 28, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41070.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Van Wyngaard, Josef de. “Effect of palm kernel expeller supplementation on production performance of Jersey cows grazing kikuyu/ryegrass pasture.” 2013. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Van Wyngaard Jd. Effect of palm kernel expeller supplementation on production performance of Jersey cows grazing kikuyu/ryegrass pasture. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41070.

Council of Science Editors:

Van Wyngaard Jd. Effect of palm kernel expeller supplementation on production performance of Jersey cows grazing kikuyu/ryegrass pasture. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41070

University of Pretoria

4. [No author]. Fishmeal supplementation to high producing Jersey cows grazing ryegrass or kikuyu pasture .

Degree: 2008, University of Pretoria

URL: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06272008-130048/

► Rumen-undegradable protein might be the first limiting nutrient for high producing dairy cows receiving high levels of maize supplementation while grazing pasture. To test this… (more)

▼ Rumen-undegradable protein might be the first limiting nutrient for high producing dairy cows receiving high levels of maize supplementation while grazing pasture. To test this hypothesis two trials were conducted using fishmeal as a high quality protein source rich in rumen-undegradable protein, Methionine and Lysine. In the first trial cows grazed annual ryegrass for two months in spring. In the second trial cows grazed kikuyu for two months in late summer. In addition to the pasture cows received 6 kg (as is) of a maize-based supplement, including minerals, fed in two equal portions in the milking parlour. A randomised complete block design was used. Three groups of 15 (ryegrass) or 14 (kikuyu trial) cows received control (no fishmeal), low fishmeal (4 % fishmeal replacing maize) or high fishmeal (8 % fishmeal replacing maize) treatments. Multiparous, high producing, Jersey cows in early to mid lactation were used. Milk production was measured and milk samples taken fortnightly. Simultaneous studies were conducted using eight rumen cannulated cows receiving the control and high fishmeal treatments in a cross over design experiment. Ruminal pH, ammonia-N and volatile fatty acid concentrations were measured. In the ryegrass trial milk yield, 4 % fat-corrected milk yield and milk fat and protein percentages of cows on the low and high fishmeal treatments (21.9 and 22.1 kg milk/d, 24.1 and 24.2 kg 4 % fat-corrected milk/d, 4.73 and 4.67 % fat and 3.49 and 3.45 % protein) were significantly higher than the control (20.5 kg milk/d, 20.4 kg 4 % fat-corrected milk/d, 3.97 % fat and 3.25 % protein). There was no treatment effect on milk urea N (16.8, 17.4 and 17.9 mg/dl, for the control, low fishmeal and high fishmeal treatments, respectively). The ruminal ammonia-N concentration was significantly higher in the cows on the high fishmeal treatment than the control (16.67 vs. 14.16 mg/dl). Fishmeal supplementation to cows on ryegrass is profitable under any realistic price scenarios in South Africa. In the kikuyu trial cows on the high fishmeal treatment produced significantly more milk (19.5 kg/d) than the cows on the control (18.2 kg/d), neither differing from the low fishmeal treatment (18.9 kg/d). The cows on the low fishmeal treatment had significantly higher milk fat percentage (4.18 %) than the control (3.71 %), neither differing from the high fishmeal treatment (3.91 %). The cows on the two fishmeal treatments produced significantly more 4 % fat-corrected milk than the control (19.4 and 19.2 vs. 17.3 kg 4 % fat-corrected milk/d). There was no treatment effect on milk protein percentage (3.30, 3.41 and 3.34 % for the control, low and high fishmeal treatments, respectively). Milk urea N was significantly higher for the high fishmeal treatment (10.80 mg/dl) than the control and low fishmeal treatments (9.09 and 9.44 mg/dl). Ruminal ammonia-N concentration was significantly higher in the cows on the high fishmeal treatment than the control (6.52 vs. 4.74 mg/dl). Fishmeal supplementation to cows on kikuyu could be… Advisors/Committee Members: Prof L J Erasmus (advisor), Prof W A van Niekerk (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Dairy cows; Grazing pasture; Fishmeal; Ryegrass; Kikuyu pasture; UCTD

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2008). Fishmeal supplementation to high producing Jersey cows grazing ryegrass or kikuyu pasture . (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06272008-130048/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “Fishmeal supplementation to high producing Jersey cows grazing ryegrass or kikuyu pasture .” 2008. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed February 28, 2021. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06272008-130048/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “Fishmeal supplementation to high producing Jersey cows grazing ryegrass or kikuyu pasture .” 2008. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

author] [. Fishmeal supplementation to high producing Jersey cows grazing ryegrass or kikuyu pasture . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2008. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06272008-130048/.

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. Fishmeal supplementation to high producing Jersey cows grazing ryegrass or kikuyu pasture . [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2008. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06272008-130048/

University of Pretoria

5. Malleson, Evelyn Rhoda. Fishmeal supplementation to high producing Jersey cows grazing ryegrass or kikuyu pasture.

Degree: Animal and Wildlife Sciences, 2008, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25892

► Rumen-undegradable protein might be the first limiting nutrient for high producing dairy cows receiving high levels of maize supplementation while grazing pasture. To test this… (more)

▼ Rumen-undegradable protein might be the first limiting nutrient for high producing dairy cows receiving high levels of maize supplementation while grazing pasture. To test this hypothesis two trials were conducted using fishmeal as a high quality protein source rich in rumen-undegradable protein, Methionine and Lysine. In the first trial cows grazed annual ryegrass for two months in spring. In the second trial cows grazed kikuyu for two months in late summer. In addition to the pasture cows received 6 kg (as is) of a maize-based supplement, including minerals, fed in two equal portions in the milking parlour. A randomised complete block design was used. Three groups of 15 (ryegrass) or 14 (kikuyu trial) cows received control (no fishmeal), low fishmeal (4 % fishmeal replacing maize) or high fishmeal (8 % fishmeal replacing maize) treatments. Multiparous, high producing, Jersey cows in early to mid lactation were used. Milk production was measured and milk samples taken fortnightly. Simultaneous studies were conducted using eight rumen cannulated cows receiving the control and high fishmeal treatments in a cross over design experiment. Ruminal pH, ammonia-N and volatile fatty acid concentrations were measured. In the ryegrass trial milk yield, 4 % fat-corrected milk yield and milk fat and protein percentages of cows on the low and high fishmeal treatments (21.9 and 22.1 kg milk/d, 24.1 and 24.2 kg 4 % fat-corrected milk/d, 4.73 and 4.67 % fat and 3.49 and 3.45 % protein) were significantly higher than the control (20.5 kg milk/d, 20.4 kg 4 % fat-corrected milk/d, 3.97 % fat and 3.25 % protein). There was no treatment effect on milk urea N (16.8, 17.4 and 17.9 mg/dl, for the control, low fishmeal and high fishmeal treatments, respectively). The ruminal ammonia-N concentration was significantly higher in the cows on the high fishmeal treatment than the control (16.67 vs. 14.16 mg/dl). Fishmeal supplementation to cows on ryegrass is profitable under any realistic price scenarios in South Africa. In the kikuyu trial cows on the high fishmeal treatment produced significantly more milk (19.5 kg/d) than the cows on the control (18.2 kg/d), neither differing from the low fishmeal treatment (18.9 kg/d). The cows on the low fishmeal treatment had significantly higher milk fat percentage (4.18 %) than the control (3.71 %), neither differing from the high fishmeal treatment (3.91 %). The cows on the two fishmeal treatments produced significantly more 4 % fat-corrected milk than the control (19.4 and 19.2 vs. 17.3 kg 4 % fat-corrected milk/d). There was no treatment effect on milk protein percentage (3.30, 3.41 and 3.34 % for the control, low and high fishmeal treatments, respectively). Milk urea N was significantly higher for the high fishmeal treatment (10.80 mg/dl) than the control and low fishmeal treatments (9.09 and 9.44 mg/dl). Ruminal ammonia-N concentration was significantly higher in the cows on the high fishmeal treatment than the control (6.52 vs. 4.74 mg/dl). Fishmeal supplementation to cows on kikuyu could be… Advisors/Committee Members: Prof L J Erasmus (advisor), Prof W A van Niekerk (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Dairy cows; Grazing pasture; Fishmeal; Ryegrass; Kikuyu pasture; UCTD

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Malleson, E. (2008). Fishmeal supplementation to high producing Jersey cows grazing ryegrass or kikuyu pasture. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25892

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Malleson, Evelyn. “Fishmeal supplementation to high producing Jersey cows grazing ryegrass or kikuyu pasture.” 2008. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed February 28, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25892.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Malleson, Evelyn. “Fishmeal supplementation to high producing Jersey cows grazing ryegrass or kikuyu pasture.” 2008. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Malleson E. Fishmeal supplementation to high producing Jersey cows grazing ryegrass or kikuyu pasture. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2008. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25892.

Council of Science Editors:

Malleson E. Fishmeal supplementation to high producing Jersey cows grazing ryegrass or kikuyu pasture. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25892

University of Waikato

6. Wallace, Dirk Fraser. Carbon dynamics of a dairy pasture: annual balance and impact of cultivation .

Degree: 2010, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/4343

► Maintenance of soil carbon (C) content is important because a relatively small percentage change in the global soil C store has the potential to cause… (more)

▼ Maintenance of soil carbon (C) content is important because a relatively small percentage change in the global soil C store has the potential to cause a large change in atmospheric CO₂ concentration. Losses of soil C can also lead to a decline in soil quality and its capacity to be productive and carry out other services such as the filtering of pollutants. Globally, research on soil C dynamics has largely focused on forests, croplands and natural grasslands, while intensively grazed pasture has received much less attention. In New Zealand, the dynamics of soil C content and C cycling in intensively grazed dairy systems are poorly understood but large losses of soil C (1 t C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) have recently been reported for grazed dairy pastures. The objective of this research was to build on current knowledge of the C balance of intensively grazed dairy farm systems. To achieve this objective, net ecosystem CO₂ exchange (NEE) and water use efficiency (WUE) were measured over intensively grazed dairy pasture using eddy covariance from 15 December 2007 to 15 December 2009. Net ecosystem carbon balances (NECB) were then calculated for 2008 & 2009 from NEE measurements combined with measurements and estimates of C imports (feed) and C exports (milk, silage, methane). A further objective was to determine the impact of periodic cultivation of contrasting soils on the C balance of a dairy farm. To achieve this objective, measurements of soil CO₂ emissions were made using the closed chamber technique following the cultivation of three paddocks of Horotiu soil (Typic Orthic Allophanic) and three paddocks of Te Kowhai soil (Typic Orthic Gley). Annual NEE of the farm was -1,212 ± 500 kg C ha⁻¹ for 2008 and -2,280 ± 500 kg C ha⁻¹ for 2009. Including imports and exports of C to the farm resulted in an annual NECB of -199 ± 500 kg C ha⁻¹ and -1,014 ± 500 kg C ha⁻¹ for 2008 and 2009, respectively. Applied uncertainty is at 90% confidence bound and derived from previous studies reported in the literature. The site was a net sink of C during both 2008 and 2009 in agreement with EC studies performed over grasslands in Europe. The large difference in NEE and NECB between years was due to a drought in 2008, when the site was a C source for the first four months of this year. Average daily water use efficiency (WUE) for 2008 (4 g C kg⁻¹H₂O) and 2009 (4.2 g C kg⁻¹ H₂O) were not substantially different between years and agreed with international field and laboratory studies for pasture. Soil CO₂ loss following cultivation was measured using the closed chamber technique. During the period of cultivation photosynthesis ceased, and potential C input (NEE) to pasture during this time was estimated at -750 kg C ha⁻¹from the adjacent EC study site. To calculate the maximum net soil CO₂₋C loss the potential C input from photosynthesis (NEE) must be added to measured CO₂ emissions. Total soil C loss from the Te Kowhai was between 2,880 kg C ha⁻¹ (CO₂ flux only) and 3,742 kg C ha⁻¹ (CO₂ flux + NEE) while the Horotiu soil lost between 2,082 kg C… Advisors/Committee Members: Schipper, Louis A (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Soil carbon; grazing; pasture; dairy

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wallace, D. F. (2010). Carbon dynamics of a dairy pasture: annual balance and impact of cultivation . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/4343

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wallace, Dirk Fraser. “Carbon dynamics of a dairy pasture: annual balance and impact of cultivation .” 2010. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed February 28, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/4343.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wallace, Dirk Fraser. “Carbon dynamics of a dairy pasture: annual balance and impact of cultivation .” 2010. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Wallace DF. Carbon dynamics of a dairy pasture: annual balance and impact of cultivation . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2010. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/4343.

Council of Science Editors:

Wallace DF. Carbon dynamics of a dairy pasture: annual balance and impact of cultivation . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/4343

Virginia Tech

7. Johnston, Michael Rhodes. Phosphorus Losses From Simulated Dairy Land Uses of Management Intensive Grazing and Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations.

Degree: MS, Biological Systems Engineering, 2004, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35321

► Dairy grazing systems have been promoted as an environmentally friendly alternative to concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). However, questions remain regarding the amount of phosphorus… (more)

▼ Dairy grazing systems have been promoted as an environmentally friendly alternative to concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). However, questions remain regarding the amount of phosphorus (P) loss from pasture-based dairies. Therefore, the goal of this study was to quantify P losses via runoff from grazing dairy systems and CAFO hay production. Four land use treatments were simulated on runoff release plots planted in two forage treatments. Land use treatments were management intensive grazing (MIG) and CAFO hay production to which manure was applied; grazing and CAFO hay production without manure application served as controls. The forage treatments were orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) and broad-leafed forage (buckhorn plantain [Plantago lanceolata], red clover [Trifolium pretense], and alfalfa [Medicago sativa]). The four land use treatments and two forage treatments had four replications for a total of 32 (4 land use treatments e n2 forage treatments e n ¤ nreplications) runoff release plots. Thirty minutes of runoff was collected from each runoff release plot during six rainfall simulation series. Grab samples of runoff were collected and analyzed for dissolved reactive phosphorus, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids. Particulate P (PP) was determined indirectly by subtracting dissolved reactive P (DRP) from total P (TP). No distinction was observed between DRP concentrations from simulated MIG plots and simulated CAFO plots for the duration of the study. However, a clear divergence of TP concentrations from CAFO hay plots with manure from all other land uses was observed during simulation series 1. DRP concentrations for all land uses were fairly consistent for the duration of the study with the exception of simulation series 2. All land uses had DRP concentrations that would be considered of concern (> 1.0 ppm DRP) by the US-EPA during simulation series 4 and 5. The elevated TP concentrations and mass losses from CAFO hay plots with manure were primarily due to PP losses. Thus, it was concluded that MIG has less potential for P loss than CAFO hay production. Broad-leafed forage had significantly higher DRP, PP, and TP losses than orchardgrass on CAFO hay with manure. However, no significant difference was found between forage types on MIG plots. Thus, either forage could be planted in grazing land without a significant difference in P losses. Advisors/Committee Members: Gay, Susan W. (committeechair), Benham, Brian L. (committee member), Mullins, Gregory L. (committee member), Vaughan, David H. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Phosphorus; CAFO; Grazing; Dairy; MIG

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Johnston, M. R. (2004). Phosphorus Losses From Simulated Dairy Land Uses of Management Intensive Grazing and Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35321

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Johnston, Michael Rhodes. “Phosphorus Losses From Simulated Dairy Land Uses of Management Intensive Grazing and Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations.” 2004. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed February 28, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35321.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Johnston, Michael Rhodes. “Phosphorus Losses From Simulated Dairy Land Uses of Management Intensive Grazing and Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations.” 2004. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Johnston MR. Phosphorus Losses From Simulated Dairy Land Uses of Management Intensive Grazing and Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2004. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35321.

Council of Science Editors:

Johnston MR. Phosphorus Losses From Simulated Dairy Land Uses of Management Intensive Grazing and Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2004. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35321

8. Isenberg, Brianna Jeanette. Effects of ground flaxseed supplementation on animal production and milk fatty acid profile in organically-certified lactating Jerseys during the grazing season.

Degree: MS, 2014, University of New Hampshire

URL: https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/1002

► The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the effects of supplementing a pasture-based diet with ground flaxseed (GFLAX) on milk production and composition, blood… (more)

▼ The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the effects of supplementing a pasture-based diet with ground flaxseed (GFLAX) on milk production and composition, blood parameters, digestibility, ruminal characteristics, nitrogen excretion, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production, and income over feed cost (IOFC). Twenty organically-certified lactating Jerseys were blocked by milk production and days in milk (DIM) and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) control (soybean meal and ground corn grain as 10% of total diet dry matter (DM) or 2) GFLAX as 10% of total diet DM. Treatments were top-dressed onto a 25% mixed grass-legume baleage, 23% grain meal, and 2% liquid molasses total mixed ration (TMR) (% of diet DM); pasture composed the remaining 40% diet DM. The study extended from June 8 to September 27, 2013 with 4, 28-d periods with the last 7 d used for data and sample collection. Dry matter intake, milk production, and milk component yields and concentrations were not affected by GFLAX supplementation. Feed efficiencies, energy corrected milk, and 4% fat corrected milk did not differ between treatments. Body weight, body condition score, plasma nonesterified fatty acids, and serum cortisol showed no difference due to GFLAX supplementation. Apparent total tract DM digestibility was lower (P = 0.04) in cows on the 10% GFLAX treatment. Dietary treatment did not affect ruminal pH, individual or total volatile fatty acid concentrations. Cows receiving the 10% GFLAX diet had (P < 0.01) higher proportions of propionic acid in collected ruminal fluid. However, enteric CH4 and CO2 production did not differ between diets. Nitrogen intake (P = 0.01) and urinary urea N excretion (P = 0.03) were higher in cows on the 10% GFLAX diet due to higher crude protein concentrations of GFLAX. Milk fatty acid composition was altered by dietary flaxseed supplementation. Increases in concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids (P < 0.0001) and n-3 fatty acids (P < 0.0001) with decreases in n-6 fatty acids (P < 0.0001) were detected in cows consuming 10% GFLAX creating a nutritionally enriched fatty acid profile in regards to human health. A lower IOFC was noted when GFLAX was included in the diet compared to the control (4.61 vs. 5.53/cow/d, respectively), if premiums for nutritionally enriched milk are offered in the future, it may help offset the price differential. Advisors/Committee Members: André F Brito, Peter S Erickson, Michal Lunak.

Subjects/Keywords: dairy; grazing; ground flaxseed; milk fatty acid; Agronomy; Agriculture; Animal sciences

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Isenberg, B. J. (2014). Effects of ground flaxseed supplementation on animal production and milk fatty acid profile in organically-certified lactating Jerseys during the grazing season. (Thesis). University of New Hampshire. Retrieved from https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/1002

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Isenberg, Brianna Jeanette. “Effects of ground flaxseed supplementation on animal production and milk fatty acid profile in organically-certified lactating Jerseys during the grazing season.” 2014. Thesis, University of New Hampshire. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/1002.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Isenberg, Brianna Jeanette. “Effects of ground flaxseed supplementation on animal production and milk fatty acid profile in organically-certified lactating Jerseys during the grazing season.” 2014. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Isenberg BJ. Effects of ground flaxseed supplementation on animal production and milk fatty acid profile in organically-certified lactating Jerseys during the grazing season. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of New Hampshire; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/1002.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Isenberg BJ. Effects of ground flaxseed supplementation on animal production and milk fatty acid profile in organically-certified lactating Jerseys during the grazing season. [Thesis]. University of New Hampshire; 2014. Available from: https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/1002

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Massey University

9. Poole, Caitlyn Marie. Association among pasture-level variables and grazing dairy cow responses to supplementary feeds.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2018, Massey University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/15127

► The milk production response to additional feed (i.e., supplement) is dependent on the relative feed deficit (RFD) of the cow. We hypothesized that the relative… (more)

▼ The milk production response to additional feed (i.e., supplement) is dependent on the relative feed deficit (RFD) of the cow. We hypothesized that the relative feed deficit could be defined by post-grazing residual (PGR), with a greater PGR indicating less of a relative feed deficit. We undertook a computerized literature review, utilising key words associated with grazing systems and supplementary feed. Approximately 70 published manuscripts were reviewed. Only those that satisfied predetermined inclusion criteria were retained. A meta-analysis was undertaken across all the studies using random coefficient regression fitted as a mixed-model. In total, we collated data from 26 experiments and 90 treatments, wherein pasture-level variables, supplementary feed variables, and milk production were reported. Due to a lack of reporting of standard errors, two analyses were undertaken; one where responses were weighted against the reciprocal of the standard error of the mean, and one where they were not. On average, pasture DM intake declined (-0.28 kg/kg supplement DM; P = 0.001) and milk, fat, and protein increased (P < 0.001) 0.65 kg, 20g, and 30g/kg supplement DM, respectively. For every kg DM supplement consumed, PGR height and mass increased by 1.4 mm and 42 kg DM/ha. These results were similar in the non-weighted analysis. Associated with every 10 mm increase in PGR height in the control treatment, marginal milk response declined (P < 0.05) by 55 ± 21.6 g. The association between PGR height and pasture DMI at zero supplementary feed intake (i.e., unsupplemented group in experiment) on the PGR and pasture DMI responses to supplementary feed, were however, inconsistent in the weighted and non-weighted analysis. These results will enable farmers to use the change in PGR when feeding supplements, to estimate likely marginal milk production response to supplementary feeds. These results are associations only and need to be tested in controlled, interventionist, experiments. Due the number of variables affecting MR, we cannot conclude that anything is causative.

Subjects/Keywords: Dairy cattle; Feeding and feeds; Grazing; Milk yield; Dairying; New Zealand

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Poole, C. M. (2018). Association among pasture-level variables and grazing dairy cow responses to supplementary feeds. (Masters Thesis). Massey University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10179/15127

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Poole, Caitlyn Marie. “Association among pasture-level variables and grazing dairy cow responses to supplementary feeds.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Massey University. Accessed February 28, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/15127.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Poole, Caitlyn Marie. “Association among pasture-level variables and grazing dairy cow responses to supplementary feeds.” 2018. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Poole CM. Association among pasture-level variables and grazing dairy cow responses to supplementary feeds. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Massey University; 2018. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/15127.

Council of Science Editors:

Poole CM. Association among pasture-level variables and grazing dairy cow responses to supplementary feeds. [Masters Thesis]. Massey University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/15127

Massey University

10. García, Sergio Carlos. Systems, component, and modelling studies of pasture-based dairy systems in which the cows calve at different times of the year.

Degree: PhD, Animal Science, 2000, Massey University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/2229

► The New Zealand's dairy system is characterised by a concentrated calving period in late winter-early spring, which aims to synchronise cows' feed requirements with the… (more)

▼ The New Zealand's dairy system is characterised by a concentrated calving period in late winter-early spring, which aims to synchronise cows' feed requirements with the seasonal pattern of pasture growth, but which also results in an uneven distribution of milk supply to the factories. Changing the calving season of some herds from spring into autumn could improve the overall efficiency of the dairy industry. However, pasture-based autumn-calving systems are usually perceived to be less "efficient", because of the lack of synchrony between feed supply (grazed pasture) and feed requirements. One conclusion of the literature review (Chapter 1) was to hypothesise that autumn- and spring-calving systems would perform at similar levels provided that sufficient supplementary feed was available during wintertime. This thesis integrated three experimental approaches (system, component, and modelling) in order to test the above hypothesis, and to investigate the physical performance of pasture-based dairy systems that differed in their calving dates. A 3-year system study conducted at No 1 Dairy Farm, Massey University, in which autumn, spring, and autumn/spring calving systems were compared, showed that all systems achieved similar performances and overall efficiencies (Chapter 2). A key factor for this was the greater total yields by the autumn-calved cows, due mainly to their greater yields in mid and late lactation and their longer lactations (Chapter 3). A new technique that combines the n-alkanes and 13C methods in order to quantify herbage and maize silage DM intakes by individual grazing cows which are given access to the silage as a group, was developed and validated (Chapter 4), and re-evaluated in a separate study (Chapter 5). Overall, individual cows differed considerably in their intakes of maize silage DM, but this variation was not always related to variation in milk yields. An innovative, dynamic, interactive simulator of seasonal pasture-based dairy farms (IDFS) was developed as part of this thesis (Chapter 6). The model allows computer experiments to be run, with pastures and cows managed on the basis of logical decision rules; therefore, it resembles real farm management. The user makes decisions (which paddocks are to be grazed, pre- and post-grazing herbage mass, supplement feeding, etc) continuously, and can see the impact of his/her management decisions on the graphical interface provided. Based on comparisons with actual data, it was concluded that IDFS simulates the main components of seasonal dairy farms with reasonable realism (Chapter 7), although the model is at an early stage of development and has not been completely validated. In conclusion, this thesis has 1) demonstrated that pasture-based systems with contrasting calving dates can achieve similar physical performances provided that supplementary feeds are available, and 2) developed two new tools (quantification of herbage and maize silage intakes by individual cows, and the IDFS model) that can be applied in future systems research.

Subjects/Keywords: Dairy cows; Calving; Grazing management

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

García, S. C. (2000). Systems, component, and modelling studies of pasture-based dairy systems in which the cows calve at different times of the year. (Doctoral Dissertation). Massey University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10179/2229

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

García, Sergio Carlos. “Systems, component, and modelling studies of pasture-based dairy systems in which the cows calve at different times of the year.” 2000. Doctoral Dissertation, Massey University. Accessed February 28, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/2229.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

García, Sergio Carlos. “Systems, component, and modelling studies of pasture-based dairy systems in which the cows calve at different times of the year.” 2000. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

García SC. Systems, component, and modelling studies of pasture-based dairy systems in which the cows calve at different times of the year. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Massey University; 2000. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/2229.

Council of Science Editors:

García SC. Systems, component, and modelling studies of pasture-based dairy systems in which the cows calve at different times of the year. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Massey University; 2000. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/2229

Michigan State University

11. Dartt, Barbara A. (Barbara Aliece). A comparison of management-intensive grazing and conventionally managed Michigan dairies : profitability, economic efficiencies, quality of life, and management priorities.

Degree: MS, Department of Agricultural Economics, 1998, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:27798

Subjects/Keywords: Dairy farms – Michigan – Management; Grazing – Michigan; Dairy farmers – Attitudes

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Dartt, B. A. (. A. (1998). A comparison of management-intensive grazing and conventionally managed Michigan dairies : profitability, economic efficiencies, quality of life, and management priorities. (Masters Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:27798

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dartt, Barbara A (Barbara Aliece). “A comparison of management-intensive grazing and conventionally managed Michigan dairies : profitability, economic efficiencies, quality of life, and management priorities.” 1998. Masters Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed February 28, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:27798.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dartt, Barbara A (Barbara Aliece). “A comparison of management-intensive grazing and conventionally managed Michigan dairies : profitability, economic efficiencies, quality of life, and management priorities.” 1998. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Dartt BA(A. A comparison of management-intensive grazing and conventionally managed Michigan dairies : profitability, economic efficiencies, quality of life, and management priorities. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan State University; 1998. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:27798.

Council of Science Editors:

Dartt BA(A. A comparison of management-intensive grazing and conventionally managed Michigan dairies : profitability, economic efficiencies, quality of life, and management priorities. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan State University; 1998. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:27798

Massey University

12. Torres-Rodríguez, Alberto. The effect of herbage availability and species choice on grazing preference of dairy cattle.

Degree: Masterate, Applied Science, 1997, Massey University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/5028

► Herbage intake is one of the factors determining animal performance. Intake and quality of the diet consumed by animals are both determined by selective grazing.… (more)

▼ Herbage intake is one of the factors determining animal performance. Intake and quality of the diet consumed by animals are both determined by selective grazing. The motivation to graze selectively is in part a function of dietary preferences. The study of diet selection requires knowledge of what animals prefer to eat when there are no or minimal constraints to them obtaining their diet. This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of relative availability of a preferred species on dairy cattle response at grazing, and to evaluate the feasibility of the use of monocultures of pasture species for studies of preferences of dairy cattle. Three species-contrasts each composed of two adjacent 1-ha monocultures of either White clover:Ryegrass (W_Rye), Lotus corniculatus:Ryegrass (L_Rye) or Lotus corniculatus:Red clover (L_Red) were used. White clover (W) and lotus (L) had been previously determined as preferred over ryegrass (Rye) and red clover (Red). Each species-contrast was subdivided into four plots and the height of the preferred species was set at 4, 6, 8 and 10 cm, whereas that of the less preferred species was set at 10 cm across plots. Groups of yearling Holstein heifers grazed the plots, and observations on grazing behaviour were made by recording grazing activity and species location at 10-minute intervals during daylight hours for three consecutive days, twice in summer and twice in autumn during 95/96 at the AgResearch Flock House Research Centre, near Bulls. During summer, a second week of grazing followed each period of observations for grazing activity, where attempts to estimate herbage dry matter intake and diet composition using the alkane technique were made. From the species-location information, total grazing time (GTt), expressed in hours, and distribution of GTt between preferred (GTp) and less preferred (GTI) species was obtained. The proportion of GTt allocated to grazing the preferred species was considered as a measure of preference. Statistical analysis was performed by GLM procedures of SAS. Regression analyses were carried out for grazing activity parameters on actual height of the preferred species. Animals showed preference for a mixed diet with partial preference for the legume component (W, 67 %, and L, 70 %) over grass, whereas partial preference in the L_Red species-contrast was close to indifference (L, 55 %). However, this partial preference differed between seasons, being in general stronger in summer than in autumn. Partial preference decreased with decreases in height of the preferred species. However, herbage bulk density (BD) appeared to be important also in influencing preference since more marked responses to height were observed in autumn when sward had lower BD compared with summer. Botanical composition of the sward upper stratum was also considered to influence animal preferences. Diet composition estimation from herbage and faecal alkanes suggested that animals consumed the preferred species at higher proportions than indicated by the proportion of GTt allocated to…

Subjects/Keywords: Dairy cattle feed; Dairy cattle grazing; Pasture

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Torres-Rodríguez, A. (1997). The effect of herbage availability and species choice on grazing preference of dairy cattle. (Masters Thesis). Massey University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10179/5028

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Torres-Rodríguez, Alberto. “The effect of herbage availability and species choice on grazing preference of dairy cattle.” 1997. Masters Thesis, Massey University. Accessed February 28, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/5028.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Torres-Rodríguez, Alberto. “The effect of herbage availability and species choice on grazing preference of dairy cattle.” 1997. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Torres-Rodríguez A. The effect of herbage availability and species choice on grazing preference of dairy cattle. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Massey University; 1997. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/5028.

Council of Science Editors:

Torres-Rodríguez A. The effect of herbage availability and species choice on grazing preference of dairy cattle. [Masters Thesis]. Massey University; 1997. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/5028

University of Kentucky

13. Billman, Eric D. EXAMINING VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF COOL-SEASON FORAGE GRASSES FOR DAIRY CATTLE GRAZING PREFERENCE.

Degree: 2015, University of Kentucky

URL: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/69

► The objective of this study was to determine dairy cattle preference amongst four species of cool-season forage grasses: eight orchardgrasses (Dactylis glomerata L.), five tall… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Forage grasses; Preference; Grazing; Dairy; Cool-season; Agronomy and Crop Sciences; Dairy Science; Plant Breeding and Genetics

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Billman, E. D. (2015). EXAMINING VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF COOL-SEASON FORAGE GRASSES FOR DAIRY CATTLE GRAZING PREFERENCE. (Masters Thesis). University of Kentucky. Retrieved from https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/69

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Billman, Eric D. “EXAMINING VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF COOL-SEASON FORAGE GRASSES FOR DAIRY CATTLE GRAZING PREFERENCE.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Kentucky. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/69.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Billman, Eric D. “EXAMINING VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF COOL-SEASON FORAGE GRASSES FOR DAIRY CATTLE GRAZING PREFERENCE.” 2015. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Billman ED. EXAMINING VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF COOL-SEASON FORAGE GRASSES FOR DAIRY CATTLE GRAZING PREFERENCE. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Kentucky; 2015. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/69.

Council of Science Editors:

Billman ED. EXAMINING VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF COOL-SEASON FORAGE GRASSES FOR DAIRY CATTLE GRAZING PREFERENCE. [Masters Thesis]. University of Kentucky; 2015. Available from: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/69

Massey University

14. Correa-Luna, Martin. Dietary crude protein and nitrogen utilisation in two contrasting dairy systems : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand .

Degree: 2020, Massey University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/15753

► This thesis evaluated the efficiency of crude protein utilisation (ECPU) in dairy cows and nitrogen (N) utilisation efficiency (NUE) of two pasture-based dairy systems differing… (more)

▼ This thesis evaluated the efficiency of crude protein utilisation (ECPU) in dairy cows and nitrogen (N) utilisation efficiency (NUE) of two pasture-based dairy systems differing in intensification levels in New Zealand. During two consecutive seasons, in the low-intensity production system (LIPS), 257 cows were milked once-daily with low supplementation, and in the high-intensity production system (HIPS), 210 cows were milked twice-daily with higher supplementation. At every herd test, ECPU was calculated as protein yield (PY) divided by crude protein intake (CPI), estimated from feed intake. Milk urea (MU) was measured in early-, mid-, and late-lactation. Urinary N was estimated by back-calculation from estimated faecal N, taking into consideration N contained in milk and in body tissues. Pasture allocation represented 93% and 65% of the total intake for LIPS and HIPS cows, respectively, resulting in higher CPI for LIPS cows throughout the lactation. Compared to HIPS cows, LIPS cows produced 22% and 16% less milk and protein, with 32% higher MU, and 25% lower ECPU. Urine N was 34% higher in LIPS cows but faecal N was 5% higher for HIPS cows. A multivariate predictive model of ECPU was developed, including milk production performance, live weight variation, diet composition and quality along with climatic variables. The model accurately predicted the ECPU in an internal validation dataset (RPE = 6.96%, R2 = 0.95). Milk urea was not selected as a predictive variable of ECPU, considering that cows of higher ECPU also had higher MU. Compared with cows of high MU genetic merit, cows of lower MU genetic merit had lower milk production and similar ECPU. A whole-farm assessment of NUE, N losses and financial analysis was undertaken. On whole-farm level, LIPS produced 23% less milk and NUE was 31% lower when compared to HIPS. The lower MY along with the 35% higher N fertiliser applied on LIPS produced a higher N surplus per ha causing higher N losses when compared to HIPS. Despite the higher feed costs of HIPS, profitability was 16% higher because of milking more cows with higher MY when compared to LIPS. Advisors/Committee Members: Lopez-Villalobos, Nicolas (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Dairy cattle; Feeding and feeds; New Zealand; Proteins in animal nutrition; Nitrogen in animal nutrition; Dairy farming; Agricultural intensification; Grazing

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Correa-Luna, M. (2020). Dietary crude protein and nitrogen utilisation in two contrasting dairy systems : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand . (Thesis). Massey University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10179/15753

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Correa-Luna, Martin. “Dietary crude protein and nitrogen utilisation in two contrasting dairy systems : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand .” 2020. Thesis, Massey University. Accessed February 28, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/15753.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Correa-Luna, Martin. “Dietary crude protein and nitrogen utilisation in two contrasting dairy systems : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand .” 2020. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Correa-Luna M. Dietary crude protein and nitrogen utilisation in two contrasting dairy systems : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand . [Internet] [Thesis]. Massey University; 2020. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/15753.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Correa-Luna M. Dietary crude protein and nitrogen utilisation in two contrasting dairy systems : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand . [Thesis]. Massey University; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/15753

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Dalhousie University

15. Vahmani, Payam Jr. Effect of Supplementation with Fish Oil or Microalgae on Milk Fatty Acid Composition and Lipogenic Gene Expression in Cows Managed in Confinement or Pasture Systems.

Degree: PhD, Department of Biology, 2013, Dalhousie University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10222/36352

► Modifying milk fat composition to enhance its content of valuable fatty acids (FA) is required to meet the needs of a society which is becoming… (more)

▼ Modifying milk fat composition to enhance its content of valuable fatty acids (FA) is required to meet the needs of a society which is becoming better informed about the relationship between diet and health. Manipulating the cow’s diet is an effective, natural way to modify the amount and composition of milk fat of cows. The two main factors that affect the cow’s diet concern management system (MS; pasture vs. confinement), and supplementation of diets with lipid supplements. Marine oils specifically are fed to enhance milk with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated FA (n-3 LC-PUFA). The effects of source of marine lipid supplement (LS; fish oil vs. microalgae) in the cow’s diet and its interaction with MS on milk fat composition have not been studied. Thus, the main objective was to determine the interaction of MS and LS on milk FA profile and on expression of lipogenic genes in mammary, adipose and liver of lactating dairy cows. Compared with cows in confinement, grazing cows produced milk fat with lower content of unfavorable FA (12:0-16:0), while increasing the levels of beneficial FA including cis-9 18:1, 18:3 n-3 and conjugated 18:2. Feeding either fish oil or microalgae improved levels of n-3 LC-PUFA and reduced those of 16:0 in milk fat regardless of MS, but concurrently increased the level of other trans 18:1 isomers at the expense of trans-11 18:1. The reduced secretion of 12:0-16:0 in milk from grazing compared with confined cows was associated with lower mammary expression of lipogenic genes suggesting that part of the effect of MS on milk FA profile is mediated transcriptionally. The effect of LS on lipogenic gene expression was tissue specific with the greatest response to treatment observed in liver despite its minor role in lipogenesis in cattle relative to the mammary and adipose. Major conclusions were that milk produced in pasture systems has a more healthful FA profile than that of confinement systems, and that MS and LS have tissue specific effects on lipogenic gene expression in dairy cattle which have important effects on cow performance and healthfulness of the milk FA profile. Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Jana Kraft (external-examiner), Dr. Hal Whitehead (graduate-coordinator), Dr. Kathleen Glover (thesis-reader), Dr. Suzanne Budge (thesis-reader), Dr. Alan Fredeen and Dr. Alan Pinder (thesis-supervisor), Not Applicable (ethics-approval), Yes (manuscripts), Yes (copyright-release).

Subjects/Keywords: dairy cow; grazing; total mixed ration; marine oil; milk fatty acid composition; lipogenic gene expression

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Vahmani, P. J. (2013). Effect of Supplementation with Fish Oil or Microalgae on Milk Fatty Acid Composition and Lipogenic Gene Expression in Cows Managed in Confinement or Pasture Systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). Dalhousie University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10222/36352

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Vahmani, Payam Jr. “Effect of Supplementation with Fish Oil or Microalgae on Milk Fatty Acid Composition and Lipogenic Gene Expression in Cows Managed in Confinement or Pasture Systems.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Dalhousie University. Accessed February 28, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/36352.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vahmani, Payam Jr. “Effect of Supplementation with Fish Oil or Microalgae on Milk Fatty Acid Composition and Lipogenic Gene Expression in Cows Managed in Confinement or Pasture Systems.” 2013. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Vahmani PJ. Effect of Supplementation with Fish Oil or Microalgae on Milk Fatty Acid Composition and Lipogenic Gene Expression in Cows Managed in Confinement or Pasture Systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Dalhousie University; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10222/36352.

Council of Science Editors:

Vahmani PJ. Effect of Supplementation with Fish Oil or Microalgae on Milk Fatty Acid Composition and Lipogenic Gene Expression in Cows Managed in Confinement or Pasture Systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Dalhousie University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10222/36352

University of Minnesota

16. Phillips, Hannah. Forage quality of two cover crop grazing systems and meat quality of organic beef from crossbred dairy steers finished on forages.

Degree: MS, Animal Sciences, 2017, University of Minnesota

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/191238

► This study analyzed the yield, forage quality, and mineral composition of organic winter rye and winter wheat in grazing systems, and analyzed the meat quality,… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: crossbred dairy steers; fatty acids; forage quality; grazing; meat quality; small grains

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Phillips, H. (2017). Forage quality of two cover crop grazing systems and meat quality of organic beef from crossbred dairy steers finished on forages. (Masters Thesis). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/191238

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Phillips, Hannah. “Forage quality of two cover crop grazing systems and meat quality of organic beef from crossbred dairy steers finished on forages.” 2017. Masters Thesis, University of Minnesota. Accessed February 28, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11299/191238.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Phillips, Hannah. “Forage quality of two cover crop grazing systems and meat quality of organic beef from crossbred dairy steers finished on forages.” 2017. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Phillips H. Forage quality of two cover crop grazing systems and meat quality of organic beef from crossbred dairy steers finished on forages. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/191238.

Council of Science Editors:

Phillips H. Forage quality of two cover crop grazing systems and meat quality of organic beef from crossbred dairy steers finished on forages. [Masters Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/191238

Utah State University

17. Rose, Marcus F. Herbage Characteristics Affecting Intake by Dairy Heifers Grazing Grass-Monoculture and Grass-Birdsfoot Trefoil.

Degree: MS, Plants, Soils, and Climate, 2019, Utah State University

URL: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7655

► Pasture-based dairies have become more prevalent in recent years due to a higher proportion of organic milk demand and production. Organic certification requires that… (more)

▼ Pasture-based dairies have become more prevalent in recent years due to a higher proportion of organic milk demand and production. Organic certification requires that animals must graze at least 120 days in each growing season. However, dry matter intake is often limited when dairy animals receive most of their herbage from pasture, resulting in lower animal performance and milk production. The purpose of this study was to analyze the complimentary effect of high energy grasses with birdsfoot trefoil (BFT) tannins to improve intake of dairy heifers. Jersey heifers were rotationally grazed for 105 days in 2017 and 2018 on eight different pasture treatments, which included monocultures of perennial ryegrass (PR), orchardgrass (OG), meadow bromegrass (MB), and tall fescue (TF), with each respective grass also planted in mixture with BFT. Intake was measured by sampling herbage before and after each seven-day grazing period and was from greatest to least as follows: MB+BFT, OG+BFT, OG, MB, PR+BFT, TF+BFT, PR, TF. Physical characteristics such as pasture bulk density, herbage height, herbage allowance, leaf pubescence, leaf softness, and birdsfoot trefoil content as well as nutritional properties such as fat, non-fibrous carbohydrates, fiber, and energy were all associated with intake. Crude protein and ash were also associated with intake. While PR+BFT did not have the greatest overall intake, it was the only treatment that consistently had greater intake than its respective grass monoculture (PR). Since it had more energy and tannins than all other grasses, a complimentary effect between energy and tannins to increase intake was likely. The fact that both physical and chemical herbage characteristics were associated with intake shows the importance of planting the right species in pasture as well as making proper management decisions to maximize nutritive value and herbage intake. Advisors/Committee Members: J. Earl Creech, Blair L. Waldron, Michael D. Peel, ;.

Subjects/Keywords: dry matter intake; herbage mass; herbage nutritive value; grazing; organic dairy; Plant Sciences

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Rose, M. F. (2019). Herbage Characteristics Affecting Intake by Dairy Heifers Grazing Grass-Monoculture and Grass-Birdsfoot Trefoil. (Masters Thesis). Utah State University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7655

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rose, Marcus F. “Herbage Characteristics Affecting Intake by Dairy Heifers Grazing Grass-Monoculture and Grass-Birdsfoot Trefoil.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Utah State University. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7655.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rose, Marcus F. “Herbage Characteristics Affecting Intake by Dairy Heifers Grazing Grass-Monoculture and Grass-Birdsfoot Trefoil.” 2019. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Rose MF. Herbage Characteristics Affecting Intake by Dairy Heifers Grazing Grass-Monoculture and Grass-Birdsfoot Trefoil. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Utah State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7655.

Council of Science Editors:

Rose MF. Herbage Characteristics Affecting Intake by Dairy Heifers Grazing Grass-Monoculture and Grass-Birdsfoot Trefoil. [Masters Thesis]. Utah State University; 2019. Available from: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7655

Michigan State University

18. Rojas-Downing, Maria Melissa. Evaluating the impacts of climate change and variability on grazing dairy production.

Degree: 2017, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:6700

► "The global demand for milk production is expected to double by 2050, mostly due to population growth and income rise in developing countries. Meanwhile, increases… (more)

▼ "The global demand for milk production is expected to double by 2050, mostly due to population growth and income rise in developing countries. Meanwhile, increases in milk production can accelerate negative impacts that contribute to land degradation, climate change, water shortages and pollution. Therefore, it is important to meet the increasing demand for milk production under sustainable practices. Meanwhile, milk production is also impacted by climate change and variability. The rise of carbon dioxide, temperature increases, and increasing precipitation variation are the main factors that will impact forage quality and growth. Therefore, among livestock systems, the grazing system is likely to be the most impacted by climate change and variability because of its dependency on forage quality and quantity. However, the level of impacts and measures to mitigate and adapt to these impacts are not very well known. To address these knowledge gaps, we developed a study based on the following research objectives: 1) understand the global impacts of climate change on livestock production, the contribution of livestock production to climate change, and specific adaptation and mitigation strategies for the sector; 2) study the adoption measure (pasture diversification) to identify the most climate resilient pasture composition for a representative grazing dairy farm in Michigan; and 3) identify the most sustainable milk production for a representative grazing dairy farm in Michigan by considering economic, water, energy, and carbon footprints. In order to address the first objective, a literature review was performed, which showed that livestock production will be limited by climate change and variability and competition for water, land, and food security. Meanwhile, the livestock sector is a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, driving further climate change. Consequently, the livestock sector will be a key player in the mitigation of GHG emissions and improving global food security. Therefore, in the transition to sustainable livestock production, there is a need for assessing the use of adaptation and mitigation measures tailored to the location and livestock production system. To address objectives two and three, a representative farm was developed based on grazing dairy farm practices surveys and incorporated into the Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM). For the pasture compositions, four cool-season grass species with the two legumes were evaluated, which resulted in 48 pasture compositions. For objective two, the effectiveness and resiliency of the pasture compositions to climate change impacts were evaluated based on economic and resource use criteria. Results showed that the increase in precipitation and temperature of the most intensive climate scenario would significantly improve farm net return per cow and whole farm profit. Perennial ryegrass with red clover was identified as the most resilient pasture composition to improve farm economics and resource use under climate change. Under objective… Advisors/Committee Members: Nejadhashemi, Amirpouyan, Messina, Joseph P, Lusch, David P.

Subjects/Keywords: Pasture plants – Effect of global warming on; Dairy farming; Pastures; Grazing; Engineering

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Rojas-Downing, M. M. (2017). Evaluating the impacts of climate change and variability on grazing dairy production. (Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:6700

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rojas-Downing, Maria Melissa. “Evaluating the impacts of climate change and variability on grazing dairy production.” 2017. Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed February 28, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:6700.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rojas-Downing, Maria Melissa. “Evaluating the impacts of climate change and variability on grazing dairy production.” 2017. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Rojas-Downing MM. Evaluating the impacts of climate change and variability on grazing dairy production. [Internet] [Thesis]. Michigan State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:6700.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Rojas-Downing MM. Evaluating the impacts of climate change and variability on grazing dairy production. [Thesis]. Michigan State University; 2017. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:6700

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Massey University

19. Howes, Jay. Targeted duration controlled grazing - the effects of timing of grazing on nitrate leaching and treading damage.

Degree: PhD, Soil Science, 2019, Massey University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/15980

► Duration controlled (DC) grazing is successfully employed for two main reasons: to reduce N leaching and to protect pastures and soils from treading damage in… (more)

▼ Duration controlled (DC) grazing is successfully employed for two main reasons: to reduce N leaching and to protect pastures and soils from treading damage in wet conditions. These two objectives are currently very important for the New Zealand (NZ) dairy industry and this will only continue to increase with changing environmental expectations and legislation. However, while there have been a number of studies showing the benefits of DC grazing, there has not been any detailed research into the means to modify or improve the management of DC grazing systems. Therefore, the overall objectives of this research were to further the understanding of the advantages of targeted cow standoff from pastures during the late-summer to early-winter period and its effect on nitrate (NO3-) leaching, and to identify the relationship between soil water deficit (SWD), grazing duration and treading damage (related to standoff in winter to early spring). Two experiments were conducted on a fine textured Tokomaru silt loam soil at Massey University’s Dairy 4 Farm near Palmerston North, Manawatu, New Zealand. One experiment was conducted to investigate the interaction of grazing duration and SWD on soil damage and pasture production, while the other experiment compared NO3- leaching under a standard dairy grazing system and a grazing system that used targeted DC grazing (i.e. during late-summer to early-winter). Irrespective of drainage season and grazing treatment, the greatest NO3- concentrations in drainage occurred in the first seven to eight drainage events, which equated to the initial 50 to 100 mm of drainage. The majority of N losses following this were in the form of total organic nitrogen (TON). The average reductions in NO3- and TN leaching following targeted DC grazing in the summer to early winter periods of 2015 and 2016 were 28% and 20% respectively. The uniform return of slurry contributed to the DC treatment maintaining similar pasture production to the standard grazing treatment. Compared with year-round DC grazing, targeted DC grazing could be relatively inexpensive and so is likely to be a good mitigation option for N leaching in many cases, particularly on free draining soils where treading damage is uncommon. Treading damage can be easy to observe; however, it can be time consuming to measure and even more difficult to quantify in a spatially aware manner. Therefore, two new and contrasting methods of assessing treading damage were developed, namely, the visual scoring method and the pugometer. The advantage of the pugometer is that it can automatically capture spatial variability rapidly, which no current method is able to do. Only minimal treading damage and no reduction in pasture production was associated with cows grazing pasture at SWD > 2 mm, and this SWD appears to be a critical value, which farmers on fine textured soils, like the Tokomaru silt loam, could use to schedule grazing to protect soils and pastures from pugging damage. However, due to the need to maintain pasture quality there will be… Advisors/Committee Members: Horne, David (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Dairy farming; Environmental aspects; Grazing; Management; Soils; Leaching; Nitrogen content; New Zealand

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Howes, J. (2019). Targeted duration controlled grazing - the effects of timing of grazing on nitrate leaching and treading damage. (Doctoral Dissertation). Massey University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10179/15980

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Howes, Jay. “Targeted duration controlled grazing - the effects of timing of grazing on nitrate leaching and treading damage.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Massey University. Accessed February 28, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/15980.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Howes, Jay. “Targeted duration controlled grazing - the effects of timing of grazing on nitrate leaching and treading damage.” 2019. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Howes J. Targeted duration controlled grazing - the effects of timing of grazing on nitrate leaching and treading damage. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Massey University; 2019. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/15980.

Council of Science Editors:

Howes J. Targeted duration controlled grazing - the effects of timing of grazing on nitrate leaching and treading damage. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Massey University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/15980

Mississippi State University

20. McClenton, Brandon Jermaine. USE OF CORN FORAGE FOR GRAZING LACTATING DAIRY COWS: AN ALTERNATIVE MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR DAIRY FARMS.

Degree: MS, Animal and Dairy Sciences, 2008, Mississippi State University

URL: http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-08142007-130702/ ;

► Two lactation trials were used to investigate corn grazing as a management tool for dairies. Control (n = 18) cows, housed in free-stall barns were… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Dairy Management; Dairy Nutrition; Corn Grazing; Alternative Crop; Dairy Management; Dairy Nutrition; Corn Grazing; Alternative Crop

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

McClenton, B. J. (2008). USE OF CORN FORAGE FOR GRAZING LACTATING DAIRY COWS: AN ALTERNATIVE MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR DAIRY FARMS. (Masters Thesis). Mississippi State University. Retrieved from http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-08142007-130702/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McClenton, Brandon Jermaine. “USE OF CORN FORAGE FOR GRAZING LACTATING DAIRY COWS: AN ALTERNATIVE MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR DAIRY FARMS.” 2008. Masters Thesis, Mississippi State University. Accessed February 28, 2021. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-08142007-130702/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McClenton, Brandon Jermaine. “USE OF CORN FORAGE FOR GRAZING LACTATING DAIRY COWS: AN ALTERNATIVE MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR DAIRY FARMS.” 2008. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

McClenton BJ. USE OF CORN FORAGE FOR GRAZING LACTATING DAIRY COWS: AN ALTERNATIVE MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR DAIRY FARMS. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Mississippi State University; 2008. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-08142007-130702/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

McClenton BJ. USE OF CORN FORAGE FOR GRAZING LACTATING DAIRY COWS: AN ALTERNATIVE MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR DAIRY FARMS. [Masters Thesis]. Mississippi State University; 2008. Available from: http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-08142007-130702/ ;

University of Melbourne

21. Tharmaraj, Jayaratnam. Effects of resistance to prehension and structure of pastures on grazing behaviour and intake of dairy cows.

Degree: 2000, University of Melbourne

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/114518

► Pasture intake by dairy cows is affected by plant and sward structural characteristics of the pasture. In the meantime, grazing animals are constrained to gather… (more)

▼ Pasture intake by dairy cows is affected by plant and sward structural characteristics of the pasture. In the meantime, grazing animals are constrained to gather their food bite by bite removing only a portion of the herbage present at the location which they bite. The extent to which grazing animals overcome the constraints imposed by the plant and structural characteristics of the pasture is the major determinant of herbage intake. The experiments which form the basis of this thesis concentrated on determining the role of sward resistance to prehension, measured in situ, as an integrating sward characteristic that determines foraging decisions of cows and the extent to which they defoliate pasture swards. Under rotational grazing systems, a cow is offered an area of pasture that is often smaller than the area from which the cow harvests its bites (defoliated area, DA). The cow therefore faces changing sward conditions during the process of grazing down into the sward and removing bites at successive lower defoliation planes. The defoliation pattern in grazing down the sward profile and the consequent herbage intake and diet composition, are examined in this thesis. A novel apparatus was designed to measure the BFF in situ at different sward profile heights. In the initial experiment, changes in BFF down the sward profile of six pasture species were examined in order to evaluate the mechanical efficiency of defoliating bites at different depths, in terms of bite weight:BFF ratio. The hypothesis tested was that cows remove 30 - 40% of the sward height at each bite due to a mechanical advantage in terms of BW:BFF. The BFF varied more between defoliation strata than between pasture species. The bite weight and BFF increased with the depth of defoliation. The mechanical efficiency of defoliating bites estimated as the BW:BFF ratio declined slightly with bite depth until a depth of about 30 - 40% of the sward height is reached, when the ratio declined more rapidly. Based on these results and those of Wade (1991), four theoretical defoliation planes (DPI, DP2, DP3 & DP4) were set each at 35% of the pre-grazing sward heights to estimate the total area defoliated by grazing cows under different sward conditions. DP2 is the plane of removal of a second bite after a first bite has removed DPI. Three spring grazing experiments were conducted to explore relationships between pasture allowance and/or sward structure and intake dynamics. In the first experiment, cows were offered a herbage allowance (HA) of 50 kg DM/cow/day either as one block with continuous access for 24 hours, or as six equal break rations opened at intervals during a 24 hour period. In the two subsequent experiments, different sward types were created in order to alter the BFF. In the second experiment swards were created with two different surface heights (USH) and in a 2 x 2 factorial, cows were offered two HA (35 and 70 kgDM/cow/day). In the third experiment, swards with three different tiller densities were created and cows were offered a similar HA…

Subjects/Keywords: Dairy cattle; Effect of grazing on; Feeding and feeds; Grazing; Nutrition; Pastures

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Tharmaraj, J. (2000). Effects of resistance to prehension and structure of pastures on grazing behaviour and intake of dairy cows. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Melbourne. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11343/114518

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tharmaraj, Jayaratnam. “Effects of resistance to prehension and structure of pastures on grazing behaviour and intake of dairy cows.” 2000. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Melbourne. Accessed February 28, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11343/114518.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tharmaraj, Jayaratnam. “Effects of resistance to prehension and structure of pastures on grazing behaviour and intake of dairy cows.” 2000. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Tharmaraj J. Effects of resistance to prehension and structure of pastures on grazing behaviour and intake of dairy cows. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2000. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/114518.

Council of Science Editors:

Tharmaraj J. Effects of resistance to prehension and structure of pastures on grazing behaviour and intake of dairy cows. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2000. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/114518

Massey University

22. Southcombe, Francis John. Some observations on the grazing behaviour and water consumption of lactating Friesian and Jersey cows : being a thesis prepared by "549" for the degree of M.Agr.Sc.

Degree: 1947, Massey University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/5052

No abstract

Subjects/Keywords: Dairy cattle grazing; Cattle feed; Friesian cows; Jersey cows; Grazing behaviour

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Southcombe, F. J. (1947). Some observations on the grazing behaviour and water consumption of lactating Friesian and Jersey cows : being a thesis prepared by "549" for the degree of M.Agr.Sc. (Thesis). Massey University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10179/5052

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Southcombe, Francis John. “Some observations on the grazing behaviour and water consumption of lactating Friesian and Jersey cows : being a thesis prepared by "549" for the degree of M.Agr.Sc. ” 1947. Thesis, Massey University. Accessed February 28, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/5052.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Southcombe, Francis John. “Some observations on the grazing behaviour and water consumption of lactating Friesian and Jersey cows : being a thesis prepared by "549" for the degree of M.Agr.Sc. ” 1947. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Southcombe FJ. Some observations on the grazing behaviour and water consumption of lactating Friesian and Jersey cows : being a thesis prepared by "549" for the degree of M.Agr.Sc. [Internet] [Thesis]. Massey University; 1947. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/5052.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Southcombe FJ. Some observations on the grazing behaviour and water consumption of lactating Friesian and Jersey cows : being a thesis prepared by "549" for the degree of M.Agr.Sc. [Thesis]. Massey University; 1947. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/5052

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Virginia Tech

23. Teany, Laura Ellen. Phosphorus Losses from Simulated Dairy Mangement Intensive Grazing Forage System.

Degree: MS, Biological Systems Engineering, 2004, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30811

► Dairy producers across the country are evaluating the effectiveness of management intensive grazing (MIG) systems as a means of reducing the economic pressures of confinement… (more)

▼ Dairy producers across the country are evaluating the effectiveness of management intensive grazing (MIG) systems as a means of reducing the economic pressures of confinement feeding and manure handling. Systems using MIG have been promoted as an environmentally safer way of managing nutrient balance on Center. However, little research has been conducted to evaluate how these systems affect phosphorus (P) loss from the Center through runoff and forage removal. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of forage type and manure density on P levels in runoff from release plots that simulated a MIG dairy system. Two forage treatments were planted on runoff release plots and applied with three manure density treatments and four replications of each combination for a total of 24 plots. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) and a broad-leafed forage treatment consisting of buckhorn plantain (Plantago lanceolata), red clover (Trifolium pratense), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) were planted on the runoff release plots in early spring. Manure densities with no manure (control), a density simulating a low stocking density (low), and a density simulating high stocking density (high) were applied to plots during grazing simulations. Six rainfall simulations were conducted over the season simulating grazing conditions when forage was removed and re-growth conditions when forage had reached its target re-growth height before re-grazing occurred. Thirty minutes of runoff was collected from the runoff release plots to determine first flush phosphorus losses from the various treatments. Mass losses of total phosphorus (TP) for manure treatments in series 1 were significant due to plot installation disturbance. No significant effect for ortho-phosphorus (ortho-P), particulate phosphorus (PP) or TP concentration or mass losses were observed for other simulation series. Significantly higher mass losses were observed in series 1 for both forage treatments, again due to installation disturbance. Seasonal mass losses for TP were significantly lower for the orchardgrass treatment. Forage mass removal over the season increased as the stands established. Orchardgrass treatments appeared to control P losses earlier in the season, while broadleaf treatments observed a steady increase in ortho-P losses up to series 5. Both mass and concentration losses of TP were controlled earlier in the season by orchardgrass, while PP showed no significant mass or concentration loss effects. Advisors/Committee Members: Gay, Susan W. (committeechair), Benham, Brian L. (committee member), Smith, S. Raymond (committee member), Knowlton, Katharine F. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: phosphorus; pasture management; nonpoint source pollution; managemen intensive grazing; dairy grazing; pasture forages

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Teany, L. E. (2004). Phosphorus Losses from Simulated Dairy Mangement Intensive Grazing Forage System. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30811

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Teany, Laura Ellen. “Phosphorus Losses from Simulated Dairy Mangement Intensive Grazing Forage System.” 2004. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed February 28, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30811.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Teany, Laura Ellen. “Phosphorus Losses from Simulated Dairy Mangement Intensive Grazing Forage System.” 2004. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Teany LE. Phosphorus Losses from Simulated Dairy Mangement Intensive Grazing Forage System. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2004. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30811.

Council of Science Editors:

Teany LE. Phosphorus Losses from Simulated Dairy Mangement Intensive Grazing Forage System. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2004. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30811

24. Delfino, João Lucas Cânovas [UNESP]. Fatores que influenciam a produtividade e a qualidade do leite.

Degree: 2016, Universidade Estadual Paulista

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141998

►

No Brasil, a produção de leite tem importância social, bem como econômica, pois está presente em número significativo de propriedades com mão-de-obra familiar. Entretanto, baixas… (more)

▼

No Brasil, a produção de leite tem importância social, bem como econômica, pois está presente em número significativo de propriedades com mão-de-obra familiar. Entretanto, baixas produtividade e qualidade ainda são características do leite brasileiro. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar fatores que influenciam a produtividade, a contagem bacteriana total (CBT), a contagem de células somáticas (CCS) do leite e verificar se o produto está adequado às normas da legislação brasileira. A pesquisa se baseou em entrevista estruturada e coleta de leite das propriedades participantes (n=45), pertencentes à microrregião de Birigui-SP, para análise. Foram realizadas regressão multivariada, análise de variância multivariada, com pós-teste de Tukey, e determinou-se coeficiente de correlação entre variáveis. A produtividade média observada foi de 6.274,9±4.981,4 L/ha/ano. Observou-se que a produtividade foi influenciada positivamente pela base da alimentação volumosa e produção de leite por dia de intervalo entre partos. Não houve diferença significativa entre a produtividade das propriedades que utilizavam pastejo rotativo e fornecimento de volumoso no cocho, mas estas foram superiores àquelas que utilizavam pastejo contínuo ou pastejo alternado. O fato de se possuir tanque refrigerador individual favoreceu a menor CBT. Observou- se mais alta CCS no leite de produtores que realizavam o “California Mastitis Test” (CMT) com maior frequência. O leite de apenas quatro produtores (8,9%) apresentou-se adequado para todos os parâmetros analisados.

In Brazil, dairy production has social, as well as economic, importance, because it is present in significant number of farms with family labor. However, low productivity and low quality still are features of the Brazilian product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of factors on milk productivity, total bacterial count (TBC) and somatic cell count (SCC) and verify if the product is suited to the requirements of Brazilian law. The research was based on data from structured interview and analyses of milk samples collected from each farm (n=45), which belongs to Birigui-SP microregion. Multivariate regression and multivariate analysis of variance, with Tukey’s post-test, was performed and correlation coefficient was determined. The observed average productivity was 6,274.9±4,981.4 L/ha/year. Roughage feeding base and milk production per day of calving interval influenced positively the productivity. There was no difference in productivity between farms that used short-duration grazing system and roughage feeding in the trough, both had higher productivity than farms that used continuous grazing system and alternated grazing system. Milk of producers that had individual cooler tank had a lower TBC. It was observed that milk of producers that performed California Mastitis Test (CMT) frequently had a higher SCC. Milk from four farms (8.9%) was suitable for all analyzed parameters.

Advisors/Committee Members: Nogueira, Guilherme de Paula [UNESP], Ponsano, Elisa Helena Giglio [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP).

Subjects/Keywords: Gado leiteiro; Pastejo; Agricultura familiar; Análise multivariada; Análise de leite; Dairy cattle; Grazing; Familiar agriculture; Multivariate analysis; Milk analysis

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Delfino, J. L. C. [. (2016). Fatores que influenciam a produtividade e a qualidade do leite. (Thesis). Universidade Estadual Paulista. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141998

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Delfino, João Lucas Cânovas [UNESP]. “Fatores que influenciam a produtividade e a qualidade do leite.” 2016. Thesis, Universidade Estadual Paulista. Accessed February 28, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141998.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Delfino, João Lucas Cânovas [UNESP]. “Fatores que influenciam a produtividade e a qualidade do leite.” 2016. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Delfino JLC[. Fatores que influenciam a produtividade e a qualidade do leite. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade Estadual Paulista; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141998.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Delfino JLC[. Fatores que influenciam a produtividade e a qualidade do leite. [Thesis]. Universidade Estadual Paulista; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141998

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Lincoln University

25. Hill, Anne-Maree Jane. Nitrate leaching losses and mitigation on dairy winter forage grazing systems.

Degree: 2013, Lincoln University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10182/5952

► Dairy winter forage grazing is a common practice within the Canterbury region of New Zealand. However, until recently there was a lack of knowledge about… (more)

▼ Dairy winter forage grazing is a common practice within the Canterbury region of New Zealand. However, until recently there was a lack of knowledge about the concentration and amount of nitrate-N (NO₃⁻-N) leached from dairy winter forage grazing systems. In addition, there was a lack of knowledge around what ammonia oxidising microbes mediated the nitrification process in intensively grazed winter forage systems where the soils are usually wet, cold, and anaerobic. Furthermore, it was not known whether the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) or biochar could be successful mitigation tools in reducing nitrate (NO₃⁻-N) leaching from these systems. Thus the objectives of this research were to: 1) quantify the concentration and the amount of NO₃⁻-N leached from cow urine patches deposited during dairy winter forage grazing; 2) quantify the effects of trampling on NO3- leaching losses under dairy winter forage grazing conditions; 3) improve knowledge and understanding of the effectiveness of the mitigation tools DCD and biochar, to reduce NO₃⁻-N leaching losses under dairy winter forage grazing conditions; and 4) improve knowledge and understanding on the effect of cow urine, animal trampling, DCD, and biochar, on the abundance and activity of AOB and AOA under dairy winter forage grazing conditions. Two lysimeter trials were carried out using a Balmoral stony silt loam under a kale forage crop to cover these objectives by measuring the NO₃⁻-N leaching losses, the effect of soil trampling, and the use of DCD and biochar as mitigation tools. Companion plots were used to measure the soil nitrification rates and ammonia oxidising community abundance and activity under dairy winter forage grazing conditions. The first trial had a urine application rate of 700 kg N ha-1. However, the second trial had a lower urine application rate of 400 kg N ha-1 due to recent research identifying a lower urine-N concentration from kale-fed dairy cows. Both lysimeter trials identified that the dominant source of NO₃⁻ leaching loss was from the cow urine. The lower application rate of urine (400 kg N ha-1) had significantly lower NO₃⁻-N leaching losses compared to urine applied at 700 kg N ha-1. In addition, the first lysimeter trial identified that DCD reduced NO₃⁻-N leaching losses by 38% and DCD combined with biochar resulted in a reduction of 46%. However, biochar alone did not significantly reduce NO₃⁻-N leaching losses. The second lysimeter trial found that trampling the soil reduced NO₃⁻-N leaching losses by 34% (urine only). DCD reduced NO₃⁻-N leaching losses by 61% when soil was trampled and by 40% when un-trampled. Both companion soil plots showed that ammonia oxidiser communities were affected by the application of urine: the AOB amoA gene abundance and AOB amoA transcript abundance significantly increased, whereas AOA growth was inhibited. A companion incubation study was carried out to determine the effect of urine application rates, DCD application rates, and biochar presence on nitrification, ammonia oxidising…

Subjects/Keywords: dairy; winter; forage; grazing; nitrate leaching; nitrification inhibitor; DCD; ammonia oxidising bacteria; ammonia oxidising archaea; biochar; trampling; urine; Soil Science

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hill, A. J. (2013). Nitrate leaching losses and mitigation on dairy winter forage grazing systems. (Thesis). Lincoln University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10182/5952

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hill, Anne-Maree Jane. “Nitrate leaching losses and mitigation on dairy winter forage grazing systems.” 2013. Thesis, Lincoln University. Accessed February 28, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/5952.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hill, Anne-Maree Jane. “Nitrate leaching losses and mitigation on dairy winter forage grazing systems.” 2013. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Hill AJ. Nitrate leaching losses and mitigation on dairy winter forage grazing systems. [Internet] [Thesis]. Lincoln University; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10182/5952.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Hill AJ. Nitrate leaching losses and mitigation on dairy winter forage grazing systems. [Thesis]. Lincoln University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10182/5952

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Lincoln University

26. Sheahan, Angela Joy. Neuroendocrine regulation of dry matter intake in grazing dairy cows.

Degree: 2014, Lincoln University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10182/5960

► Supplementary feeds are offered to grazing dairy cows to increase dry matter and metabolizable energy intakes; however, offering feed supplements reduces pasture dry matter intake,… (more)

▼ Supplementary feeds are offered to grazing dairy cows to increase dry matter and metabolizable energy intakes; however, offering feed supplements reduces pasture dry matter intake, a phenomenon known as substitution. The objective of this research was to understand variations in grazing behaviour in pasture-fed cows and the effects of supplementation on grazing time and feeding intake rate throughout the day and to investigate humoral profiles of factors known to be associated with intake regulation in monogastric species and quantify their role in ruminant species. Grazing occurred predominately during daylight hours, with minimal grazing during the hours of darkness. Distinct grazing bouts were evident post sunrise and pre-sunset. Supplementation reduced time spent grazing; however, this was an accumulation of reduced grazing time throughout the day and was not restricted to the period following the consumption of supplement, as fundamentally, the profile of grazing behaviour in supplemented cows followed the same pattern as unsupplemented cows. The effects of supplementation on time spent grazing differed depending on the time of day. Time spent grazing linearly reduced with increasing supplement in the a.m., whereas, time spent grazing was unaffected by supplementation during the pre-sunset grazing bout, irrespective of supplement level or timing of sunset. The differences in grazing behaviour during the major post-sunrise and pre-sunset grazing events lead to the hypothesis that different factors regulate dry matter intake at these times. In the a.m., products of digestion and associated physiological factors regulate grazing behaviour. Whereas, in the p.m., environmental cues (i.e. sunset) override physiological signals that regulate grazing behaviour in the a.m. to ensure maximal grazing occurs prior to darkness, irrespective of supplementation or energy balance status. Humoral profiles of factors implicated in intake regulation in monogastric species were similar in the dairy cow. Humoral factors associated with a fasted or pre-prandial state were elevated and declined after meal initiation, whereas, factors indicating a change from a negative to a positive energy state increased after meal initiation. Despite the similar humoral profiles, the profile of plasma ghrelin during the major p.m. feeding event differed from its reported decrease in concentration after feeding, establishing a unique profile for ghrelin. Plasma ghrelin increased in the p.m. despite intensive grazing/feeding and cows being in a positive energy state prior to the p.m. feeding event, which had not been previously reported in ruminant species. The increase in ghrelin was coincident with an increase in the intensity of grazing/feeding that lead to the hypothesis that ghrelin increases in diurnal species ensuring animals maximise dry matter intake prior to darkness, which is a major environmental cue to cease grazing/feeding.

Subjects/Keywords: dairy cow; grazing behaviour; timing of supplementation; supplementary feeding; substitution rate; humoral; ghrelin; 07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sheahan, A. J. (2014). Neuroendocrine regulation of dry matter intake in grazing dairy cows. (Thesis). Lincoln University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10182/5960

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sheahan, Angela Joy. “Neuroendocrine regulation of dry matter intake in grazing dairy cows.” 2014. Thesis, Lincoln University. Accessed February 28, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/5960.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sheahan, Angela Joy. “Neuroendocrine regulation of dry matter intake in grazing dairy cows.” 2014. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Sheahan AJ. Neuroendocrine regulation of dry matter intake in grazing dairy cows. [Internet] [Thesis]. Lincoln University; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10182/5960.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sheahan AJ. Neuroendocrine regulation of dry matter intake in grazing dairy cows. [Thesis]. Lincoln University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10182/5960

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Stellenbosch University

27. Van Dyk, Nelita. Buffer supplementation in concentrates for Jersey cows grazing spring ryegrass pasture.

Degree: MScAgric, Animal Sciences, 2015, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96712

► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Pasture is the cheapest available source of nutrients and in the Southern part of the Western Cape of South Africa the most common… (more)

▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Pasture is the cheapest available source of nutrients and in the Southern part of the Western Cape of South Africa the most common used pasture system is kikuyu grass, over-sown with ryegrass. For this reason, it is important to optimally utilise the pasture and to ever try to improve pasture based feeding systems. High quality ryegrass creates a risk for subclinical rumen acidosis (SARA) for dairy cows. Supplementing concentrates, which is inevitable as energy is the first limiting nutrient for dairy cows, increases the risk of incidence. The addition of buffers to total mixed ration feeding systems has achieved great success in diets containing high levels of concentrates. Information on buffers regarding pasture based systems is, however, lacking, especially pertaining to SARA. The cost of adding buffers to concentrates fed to grazing dairy cows is a concern. If, however, there is a challenge on the rumen, buffer addition has proved to increase the milk fat content and therefore the increased income might justify the expense. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the addition of buffers to concentrates supplemented to grazing dairy cows could utilise pasture optimally, whilst increasing milk yield and improving milk composition, and maintaining rumen functioning. Fifty four high producing Jersey cows were blocked according to milk yield, days in milk and lactation number. Cows within blocks were then randomly allocated to one of three treatments. Treatments included no buffer inclusion (CON), Acid Buf (AB) at a level of 10 g/kg and sodium bicarbonate (SB) at a level of 20 g/kg of the concentrate DM. Cows received 6.6 kg “as is” concentrate per day, consisting of 62% maize, 15% hominy chop, 11% bran, 4% soybean oilcake, 4% molasses, minerals and vitamins. Buffers were mixed into the concentrates beforehand to ensure intakes of 120 g of sodium bicarbonate or 60 g of Acid Buf per cow/day. Cows grazed high quality ryegrass during spring and were allocated 10 kg DM pasture per cow/day with ad libitum access to fresh water. Milk production was recorded daily and milk composition fortnightly, after an adaptation period of 14 days. Six ruminally cannulated Jersey cows grazed with the production study cows, to be used for a separate rumen study. These cows were divided into three groups of two and were allocated to each treatment. Cows were crossed-over through-out the duration of the trial to ensure that all cannulated cows received each treatment. An in sacco digestibility trial was done and rumen pH and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were also determined. Milk production (kg/day) was 20.2, 20.3 and 20.5, whereas 4% fat corrected milk production (kg/day) was 20.8d, 21.8cd, 21.9c for the CON, SB and AB treatments, respectively. Milk fat content did not differ among treatments and was 42.4, 45.0 and 45.1 g/kg, whereas milk protein tended to be different at 34.1d, 35.6c and 35.1cd g/kg for CON, SB and AB, respectively. Milk lactose differed among treatments and was 44.9b, 47.6a and… Advisors/Committee Members: Cruywagen, C. W., Meeske, R., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Agrisciences. Dept. of Animal Sciences..

Subjects/Keywords: Jersey cattle – Feeding and feeds; Grazing pastures for dairy cows; Jersey cattle – Nutrition; Pasture based feeding systems; UCTD

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Van Dyk, N. (2015). Buffer supplementation in concentrates for Jersey cows grazing spring ryegrass pasture. (Masters Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96712

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Van Dyk, Nelita. “Buffer supplementation in concentrates for Jersey cows grazing spring ryegrass pasture.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed February 28, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96712.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Van Dyk, Nelita. “Buffer supplementation in concentrates for Jersey cows grazing spring ryegrass pasture.” 2015. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Van Dyk N. Buffer supplementation in concentrates for Jersey cows grazing spring ryegrass pasture. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96712.

Council of Science Editors:

Van Dyk N. Buffer supplementation in concentrates for Jersey cows grazing spring ryegrass pasture. [Masters Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96712

University of Florida

28. Du, Fei. Characterization of Pasture-Based Dairy Farms in Florida and Georgia.

Degree: MS, Animal Sciences, 2013, University of Florida

URL: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0046020

► The management practices and results of pasture-based dairy farms in the Southeast appear to vary widely, and have not been described fully. The objective of… (more)

▼ The management practices and results of pasture-based dairy farms in the Southeast appear to vary widely, and have not been described fully. The objective of this study was to characterize pasture-based dairy farms in Florida and Georgia. An 18-page survey was designed and consisted of 62 questions covering 7 areas. Data were collected by personal interviews from September 2012 to March 2013. Respondents were asked to answer the questions in reference to summer 2011 through spring 2012. Twenty-three farms participated with 18 in Florida and 5 in Georgia. The dominant breed was pure bred Holstein on 17 farms, representing 71% of all cows. Milk production in the winter was 26.5 ± 6.6 kg/cow/day and in the summer 19.0 ± 6.8 kg/cow/day. Somatic cell counts were 249,826 ± 68,894 and 368,130 ± 79,085 cells/ml in the winter and summer, respectively. Three farms employed 100% seasonal breeding. The greatest number of calvings were reported for October (11 farms) while 16 farms reported their fewest calvings during the summer. Non-breeding periods were reported by 17 farms. Summer breeding was avoided due to increased risk of calving problems (10 farms). A total of 26 different grasses and forages were used. During the summer, all 23 farms grew warm-season perennial grasses. During the winter, 18 farms grew cool-season annual grasses. Oat and annual ryegrass were the most popular winter annual forages. The most popular summer perennial grasses were bermudagrass and bahiagrass. For lactating cows the average total DMI was 17.7 ± 4.9 and 20.0 ± 4.0 kg/cow/day in the summer and winter, respectively. In conclusion, management practices and production results varied greatly among farms but were similar to results for grazing dairy farms. Future studies may focus on describing the financial performance of pasture-based dairy farms and the association with management practices. ( en ) Advisors/Committee Members: De Vries, Albert (committee chair), Staples, Charles R (committee member), Newman, Yoana Cecilia (committee member), Young, Linda (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Agricultural seasons; Calving; Dairy farming; Farms; Forage; Grasses; Grazing; Milk; Milk production; Pastures; based – pasture – survey; City of Madison ( local )

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Du, F. (2013). Characterization of Pasture-Based Dairy Farms in Florida and Georgia. (Masters Thesis). University of Florida. Retrieved from https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0046020

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Du, Fei. “Characterization of Pasture-Based Dairy Farms in Florida and Georgia.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Florida. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0046020.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Du, Fei. “Characterization of Pasture-Based Dairy Farms in Florida and Georgia.” 2013. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Du F. Characterization of Pasture-Based Dairy Farms in Florida and Georgia. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Florida; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0046020.

Council of Science Editors:

Du F. Characterization of Pasture-Based Dairy Farms in Florida and Georgia. [Masters Thesis]. University of Florida; 2013. Available from: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0046020

University of Melbourne

29. Williams, Yvette Joy. Ingestive processes and digestion of highly digestible pastures by strip-grazing dairy cows.

Degree: 2003, University of Melbourne

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/37452

► Three grazing experiments and one stall feeding experiment were conducted to gain an understanding of the relationships between grazing behaviour and rumen fermentation pattern in… (more)

▼ Three grazing experiments and one stall feeding experiment were conducted to gain an understanding of the relationships between grazing behaviour and rumen fermentation pattern in lactating dairy cows strip-grazing highly digestible pastures. An understanding of these relationships is fundamental to elucidating the mechanisms underlying the interaction between grazing cows and supplements which impacts upon the profitability of supplement feeding in the wide range of feeding systems in Northern Victoria. Grazing experiments examined the effects of pasture type, pasture allowance and cereal grain supplements on daily intake, intake rate, rumen fermentation patterns, pasture degradation rates and rumen digesta pools. The stall feeding experiment attempted to determine the effect of ruminal fluid pH on neutral detergent fibre (NDF) degradation in highly digestible pasture. The type of pasture grazed was found to have important influences on the fermentation patterns which suggests that different supplementary feeding and grazing management strategies may be required for annual clover-based pastures compared to perennial ryegrass-based pastures. The pasture allowance offered to the cows also had important influences on the diurnal grazing and rumen fermentation patterns. Work in this thesis hilighted the need for methods that provide accurate estimation of intake as interactions between pasture allowance and intake and supplementary feeding and intake are used in decision support models to predict production responses to and profitability of different feeding decisions. An important finding was that ruminal fluid pH's were below 6.0 for a large part of the day in all grazing experiments however there were no conclusive signs of clinical or subclinical acidosis. Important also was that ruminal conditions (concentrations of volatile fatty acids and ammonia, digesta pools) showed large diurnal fluctuations related to grazing patterns in a strip-grazing management system. The effects of these low ruminal fluid pH's and large fluctuations in rumen conditions on the degradation rate of NDF in highly digestible pasture are still unclear. However, it was clear that cereal grain supplements reduced the degradation rate of NDF. While research in this thesis has provided new knowledge on the effects of pasture type and supplementary feeding on the fermentation in the rumen or grazing dairy cows, it has also emphasized the complexity of the interctions between the sward, supplementary feeding and the cow. A more complete understanding of the processes involved would be required to better predict cow performance across the range of management systems that exist. For example the relationship between plant cell wall chemistry and the rumen microbe is complex and not completely understood under rumen conditions when cows are grazing highly digestible pastures.…

Subjects/Keywords: dairy cattle; Victoria; feeding; feeds; grazing; pastures

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Williams, Y. J. (2003). Ingestive processes and digestion of highly digestible pastures by strip-grazing dairy cows. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Melbourne. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11343/37452

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Williams, Yvette Joy. “Ingestive processes and digestion of highly digestible pastures by strip-grazing dairy cows.” 2003. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Melbourne. Accessed February 28, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11343/37452.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Williams, Yvette Joy. “Ingestive processes and digestion of highly digestible pastures by strip-grazing dairy cows.” 2003. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Williams YJ. Ingestive processes and digestion of highly digestible pastures by strip-grazing dairy cows. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2003. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/37452.

Council of Science Editors:

Williams YJ. Ingestive processes and digestion of highly digestible pastures by strip-grazing dairy cows. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2003. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/37452

University of Melbourne

30. Wales, William John. Factors influencing secretion of milk fat in grazing dairy cows.

Degree: 2004, University of Melbourne

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/114948

Subjects/Keywords: Dairy cattle; Feeding and feeds; Grazing; Milkfat

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wales, W. J. (2004). Factors influencing secretion of milk fat in grazing dairy cows. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Melbourne. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11343/114948

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wales, William John. “Factors influencing secretion of milk fat in grazing dairy cows.” 2004. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Melbourne. Accessed February 28, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11343/114948.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wales, William John. “Factors influencing secretion of milk fat in grazing dairy cows.” 2004. Web. 28 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Wales WJ. Factors influencing secretion of milk fat in grazing dairy cows. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2004. [cited 2021 Feb 28]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/114948.

Council of Science Editors:

Wales WJ. Factors influencing secretion of milk fat in grazing dairy cows. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2004. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/114948

		in
And / Or
		in
And / Or
		in
And / Or
		in

Open Access Theses and Dissertations