subject:(dairy cows mastitis monitoring)

Coventry University

1. Janik, I. A. The detection and prediction of mastitis in dairy cows by particle analysis.

Degree: PhD, 2013, Coventry University

URL: http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/80b0b311-6986-4dc8-9a62-f6fee636dcdf/1 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.629987

► This study investigated the hypothesis that the particulate content of milk, as monitored with particle counters, is correlated to the health status of lactating dairy… (more)

▼ This study investigated the hypothesis that the particulate content of milk, as monitored with particle counters, is correlated to the health status of lactating dairy cows, in particular the condition mastitis. Twenty Holstein cows were monitored from the very first day of clinical mastitis outbreak until complete recovery from the disease. During the experiment, the changes in particle behaviour in all four quarters and mixture of milk from all of them were measured. For each sample the following parameters were measured: somatic cell count, fat content, lactose and protein concentration, number and size distribution of milk particles, electric conductivity and diameter of milk fat globules. In total over thirty mastitis outbreaks were observed and monitored throughout, including the first phase of this study when over three thousand samples of foremilk were collected and examined. An operational protocol and particle monitoring device were designed with the help of a commercial company Facility Monitoring Systems Ltd (FMS), Malvern. A particle counter and Peak Height Analyser (PHA) were used to monitor particulate content of milk and a compound phase contrast microscope was used to identify milk particles by photographic visualisation and to establish their diameter. It was observed that the number of particles, milk fat globule diameter and somatic cell counts were stable during periods without udder inflammation. Mastitis caused great changes in these parameters. Both milk particulate size and number were significantly affected by clinical and subclinical form of inflammation (change to the particulate behaviour). It was observed that the changes to the volume median diameter (VMD) of fat globules became evident a few days before clinical signs were present. Results obtained from a particle counter and the PHA were in agreement with data obtained by microscopy. Major changes were recorded in the number of total particles in milk before and during the outbreak of mastitis. Further research showed that changes took place in the pattern of particulate behaviour without visible signs of disease; additional data established that subclinical mastitis can be also identified through the monitoring of particles in milk. In summary monitoring of the behaviour (changes to size and number) of milk fag globules (MFG) can be used as an early indicator of the onset of mastitis. In addition data collected during study produced strong evidence supporting the theory of the interdependence of the quarters within the udder. It was found that the coefficient of correlation for size and number of particles for all four quarters within the udder was statistically significant. Particle counts and the VMD values behaviour were similar for the four quarters. This relationship was observed for all monitored animals. Moreover, the same relationship was also observed during both clinical and subclinical outbreaks of mastitis. Somatic cell count was affected only in an infected quarter while particulate content of milk ―responded‖ to disease…

Subjects/Keywords: 636.2; dairy cows, mastitis, monitoring; Dairy farming; Cattle – Diseases; Lactation; Mastitis

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APA (6^th Edition):

Janik, I. A. (2013). The detection and prediction of mastitis in dairy cows by particle analysis. (Doctoral Dissertation). Coventry University. Retrieved from http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/80b0b311-6986-4dc8-9a62-f6fee636dcdf/1 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.629987

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Janik, I A. “The detection and prediction of mastitis in dairy cows by particle analysis.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Coventry University. Accessed July 22, 2018. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/80b0b311-6986-4dc8-9a62-f6fee636dcdf/1 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.629987.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Janik, I A. “The detection and prediction of mastitis in dairy cows by particle analysis.” 2013. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Janik IA. The detection and prediction of mastitis in dairy cows by particle analysis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Coventry University; 2013. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/80b0b311-6986-4dc8-9a62-f6fee636dcdf/1 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.629987.

Council of Science Editors:

Janik IA. The detection and prediction of mastitis in dairy cows by particle analysis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Coventry University; 2013. Available from: http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/80b0b311-6986-4dc8-9a62-f6fee636dcdf/1 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.629987

Universiteit Utrecht

2. Swinkels, J.M. Extended antibiotic treatment of persistent bovine mastitis during lactation : Efficacy, economics and social influences.

Degree: 2014, Universiteit Utrecht

URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/308798

► Mastitis is an inflammation of the udder caused by bacteria that invade the udder through the teat canal, causing either persistent intramammary infections, or short,… (more)

▼ Mastitis is an inflammation of the udder caused by bacteria that invade the udder through the teat canal, causing either persistent intramammary infections, or short, transient infections. Mastitis is the most costly disease on a dairy farm because it directly affects the production of milk, the primary source of income for the dairy farmer. Mastitis can be visible (clinical mastitis) or invisible (subclinical mastitis). A large proportion of farmers repeats antibiotic treatment after initial standard treatment according the label claim, thereby extending the duration of treatment. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the bacteriological, clinical and economic efficacy of extended antibiotic treatment of persistent mastitis during lactation compared to standard treatment. An additional aim was to explore the social influences on farmers with respect to the duration of antibiotic treatment of clinical mastitis. The economic outcome of lactational treatment of persistent subclinical Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus mastitis is highly dependent on the farm, cow and pathogen involved. Extended 8-day lactational treatment is profitable only for very valuable animals, on farms where the risk of pathogen transmission is high and/or on farms where the farmer is likely to cull a high percentage of cows with subclinical mastitis. Although clinical efficacy of extended 5-day treatment of clinical Staph. aureus mastitis was better than a standard 1.5-day cefquinome treatment, bacteriological efficacy was not different. Clinical efficacy of extended 5-day cefquinome treatment, compared to a standard 1.5-day intramammary cefquinome treatment of recurrent clinical mastitis cases from an environmental origin (E. coli and Strep. uberis), showed an improved clinical outcome compared to standard treatment. Overall bacteriological cure of an extended, 5-day intramammary cefquinome treatment of clinical mastitis cases of cows with a persistent cow SCC above 200,000 cells/mL, was not different from a standard, 1.5-day treatment. Extended antibiotic treatment seems to be only indicated when mastitis cases are caused by streptococci, specifically Strep. uberis. These results indicate that extending treatment of clinical mastitis with cefquinome should not be routinely recommended. Qualitative interviews to determine social influences on farmers related to the duration of treatment of clinical mastitis, showed that farmers’ want to treat mastitis ‘thoroughly’, until clinical symptoms have disappeared. They believe that a ‘good farmer’ treats mastitis ‘thoroughly’, otherwise it may persist or recur. Extended treatment seems to be part of the social norm of ‘being a good farmer’. Social approval reduces insecurity of potentially being perceived as a poor farmer and thus, extended treatment is emotionally rewarded. Prudent antibiotic use of antibiotics is potentially hindered by perceived subjective norms on duration of treatment. The thesis showed that extending antibiotic treatment of persistent… Advisors/Committee Members: Lam, Theo.

Subjects/Keywords: Mastitis; dairy; cows; antibiotic; treatment; economics; social

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APA (6^th Edition):

Swinkels, J. M. (2014). Extended antibiotic treatment of persistent bovine mastitis during lactation : Efficacy, economics and social influences. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/308798

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Swinkels, J M. “Extended antibiotic treatment of persistent bovine mastitis during lactation : Efficacy, economics and social influences.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed July 22, 2018. http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/308798.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Swinkels, J M. “Extended antibiotic treatment of persistent bovine mastitis during lactation : Efficacy, economics and social influences.” 2014. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Swinkels JM. Extended antibiotic treatment of persistent bovine mastitis during lactation : Efficacy, economics and social influences. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2014. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/308798.

Council of Science Editors:

Swinkels JM. Extended antibiotic treatment of persistent bovine mastitis during lactation : Efficacy, economics and social influences. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2014. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/308798

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

3. Welderufael, Berihu. Genetic evaluation of susceptibility to- and recoverability from mastitis in dairy cows.

Degree: 2017, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

URL: https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/14648/

► Mastitis has been the focus of many dairy cattle research projects over the last decades. However, in the genetic evaluation of udder health, only susceptibility… (more)

▼ Mastitis has been the focus of many dairy cattle research projects over the last decades. However, in the genetic evaluation of udder health, only susceptibility to mastitis has been considered, leaving aside the other aspect of the disease - the recoverability. The aim of this thesis was to improve the genetic evaluation of udder health by introducing a new approach and models that can make use of the information contained in both directions: susceptibility to- and recoverability from mastitis. In paper I, extensive simulation analyses were performed to develop a bivariate model for joint genetic evaluations of susceptibility to- and recoverability from mastitis. In paper II, the bivariate model with an added time function as well as several systematic effects was applied to real data to estimate genetic parameters in Danish Holstein cows. In paper III, genome-wide association studies were conducted to identify associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms and thereof candidate genes. In paper IV, a dynamic health classification, which takes severity of possible infection into account was introduced to further improve the genetic evaluation of mastitis. Findings in paper I demonstrated that both traits can be modelled jointly and genetic parameters could be correctly reproduced. In paper II, we detected presence of genetic variation that resulted to heritability (ranging from 0.06 to 0.08) of similar size for both traits. The between trait genetic correlation was -0.83. Despite the strong negative genetic correlation, association signals in paper III did not overlap, suggesting that the traits are at least partially regulated by different genes. Complexity of the traits was manifested with the absence of strong association signals. In paper IV, considerable genetic variation was detected for cows’ presence in health classes defined for longer periods, whereas the variations in health classes defined for short-term and sudden changes (e.g., acute) were mostly attributed to environmental factors. Although susceptibility to- and recoverability from mastitis are strongly negatively correlated, recoverability which is as heritable as susceptibility could be considered a new trait for selection. Evaluating and modelling the ability of animals to overcome infection could be of specific benefit in situations of high disease incidence.

Subjects/Keywords: dairy cows; mastitis; udder health; bivariate model; dairy cow; genetic evaluation; mastitis; recoverability; susceptibility

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APA (6^th Edition):

Welderufael, B. (2017). Genetic evaluation of susceptibility to- and recoverability from mastitis in dairy cows. (Doctoral Dissertation). Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Retrieved from https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/14648/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Welderufael, Berihu. “Genetic evaluation of susceptibility to- and recoverability from mastitis in dairy cows.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Accessed July 22, 2018. https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/14648/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Welderufael, Berihu. “Genetic evaluation of susceptibility to- and recoverability from mastitis in dairy cows.” 2017. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Welderufael B. Genetic evaluation of susceptibility to- and recoverability from mastitis in dairy cows. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 2017. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/14648/.

Council of Science Editors:

Welderufael B. Genetic evaluation of susceptibility to- and recoverability from mastitis in dairy cows. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 2017. Available from: https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/14648/

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

4. Johnzon, Carl-Fredrik. Inflammatory mechanisms in bacterial infections: focus on mast cells and mastitis.

Degree: 2018, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

URL: https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/15465/

► Inflammation is an unspecific response of the immune system to pathogens, for example, invasion by bacteria. This thesis focuses on two aspects of inflammation in… (more)

▼ Inflammation is an unspecific response of the immune system to pathogens, for example, invasion by bacteria. This thesis focuses on two aspects of inflammation in the context of bacterial infections: (1) mast cells and (2) mastitis. Mast cells are potent proinflammatory leucocytes that have been implicated in the defence against bacterial infections. Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary tissue and is one of the most economically destructive disease in the dairy industry worldwide. Here, mast cell synthesis of the potent pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in response to stimuli with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was studied using an in vitro model of primary mouse mast cells. VEGF synthesis was found to be dependent on the presence of live whole bacteria. Previous in vivo investigations of the roles of mast cells in bacterial infections have been conducted using c-Kit-dependent mast cell-deficient mice. These mice suffer from numerous abnormalities in addition to the lack of mast cells. Instead, we used newer, cKit-independent mast cell-deficient mice (Mcpt5-Cre), which have fewer non-mast cell related abnormalities. We found no impact of the mast cell deficiency on the course of intraperitoneal S. aureus infection (e.g., bacterial clearance and cytokine production). We differentiated the virulence of, and response to, a set of clinical bacterial strains of bovine mastitis origin. Escherichia coli (E. coli) and S. aureus strains were injected intraperitoneally into mice. One E. coli strain(strain 127) was found to consistently cause more severe infection (judged by a clinical score) and induce a distinct profile of cytokines (CXCL1, G-CSF, CCL2). The concentrations of these cytokines correlated with both the clinical score and bacterial burden. The kinetics of the clinical and molecular changes that occurred during acute bovine mastitis were studied using a bovine in vivo model in which mastitis was induced by an intramammary infusion of E. coli lipopolysaccharide. Changes in clinical parameters (clinical score, milk changes, rectal temperature) as well as in milk and plasma cytokine concentrations and changes in the metabolome were registered. The progression of these changes occurred in the following order: (1) signs of inflammation in the udder and an increase in milk cytokine concentrations (after/at two hours), (2) visible changes in the milk and an increase in milk somatic cell counts (SCCs) (four hours), (3) changes in the plasma metabolome(four hours) and (4) changes in the milk metabolome (24 hours).

Subjects/Keywords: mast cells; mastitis; inflamation; dairy cows; mast cell; mastitis; inflammation; vascular endothelial growth factor

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APA (6^th Edition):

Johnzon, C. (2018). Inflammatory mechanisms in bacterial infections: focus on mast cells and mastitis. (Doctoral Dissertation). Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Retrieved from https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/15465/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Johnzon, Carl-Fredrik. “Inflammatory mechanisms in bacterial infections: focus on mast cells and mastitis.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Accessed July 22, 2018. https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/15465/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Johnzon, Carl-Fredrik. “Inflammatory mechanisms in bacterial infections: focus on mast cells and mastitis.” 2018. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Johnzon C. Inflammatory mechanisms in bacterial infections: focus on mast cells and mastitis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 2018. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/15465/.

Council of Science Editors:

Johnzon C. Inflammatory mechanisms in bacterial infections: focus on mast cells and mastitis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 2018. Available from: https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/15465/

University of Nairobi

5. Ngatia, TA. Aetiology and pathology of subclinical mastistis in dairy cows .

Degree: 1988, University of Nairobi

URL: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26650

► Three investigations were carried out in this study. Two of them dealt with epidemiological aspects of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. One of them was… (more)

▼ Three investigations were carried out in this study. Two of them dealt with epidemiological aspects of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. One of them was carried out in Danish herds while the other was carried out in Kenyan herds. The third investigation looked into the pathogenesis of bovine mastitis. Mastitis prevalence rate was measured by examining single quarter milk samples (QMS) for the presence of micro-organisms using cultural methods, and the cellular content utilizing the California Mastitis Test reactions. Other epidemiological aspects of mastitis were investigated by examination of the mammary quarters of each cow and by collecting information concerning mastitis from the owners of these herds. Mastitis pathogenesis was investigated using ' both gross and microscopic appearances of the teats and the mammary gland parenchyma. The health status of these quarters had previously been assessed by examining six daily milk samples for the presence of micro-organisms and the somatic cell content (SCC), the latter by using automatic electronic cell counting method. In addition, post mortem teat cistern puncture milk samples (TCPS) were examined for the presence of bacteria. In Denmark, the epidemiological investigation of mastitis involved 5 herds with a total of 122 cows. These cows were of various breeds, and were in different lactation numbers and stages. In all herds, the cows were zero-grazed (confinement-fed), milked by machines, and the owners applied mastitis control and preventive measures. Microbiological assessment of single quarter milk samples showed that 152 of 478 (31.8%) quarters were infected with one or more types of micro-organisms, and that the 74 of 122 (60.7%) cows were infected in one or more quarters. On the basis of the CMT reaction and taking a score of 3 as mastitis positive, the quarter prevalence rate was 40.5% (184 of 454 quarters). Using the quarter infection status together with CMT score as the diagnostic criteria, 94 of 454 (20.9%) quarters were positive on both tests while 226 of 454 (49.8%) quarters were mastitis negative. On the other hand, 44 of 454 (9.7%) quarters were bacteriologically positive but CMT negative, while 89 of 454 (19.6%) quarters were CMT positive but bacteriologically negative. Six types of micro-organisms were associated with mammary infections in these cows. Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly encountered organism accounting for 66.7% (106 of 159) isolations. The others were isolated as follows: Streptococcus spp., 21.4% (34 of 159); micrococci, 6.9% (11 of 159); Coliforms, 2.5% (4 of 159); Corynebacterium pyogenes, 1.9% (3 of 159), and yeasts, 0.6% (1 of 159) isolations. The 68 Danish dairy cows (in one herd) involved in the study of mastitis pathogenesis were found to be of different breeds and ages. They were also in different phases of the lactation period. The owner of this herd used a machine for milking and practised mastitis control and preventive measures. Of the 272 quarters, 9 (3.3%) of them were dry while only 263 yielded…

Subjects/Keywords: Mastitis; Dairy Cows; Pathology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ngatia, T. (1988). Aetiology and pathology of subclinical mastistis in dairy cows . (Thesis). University of Nairobi. Retrieved from http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26650

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ngatia, TA. “Aetiology and pathology of subclinical mastistis in dairy cows .” 1988. Thesis, University of Nairobi. Accessed July 22, 2018. http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26650.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ngatia, TA. “Aetiology and pathology of subclinical mastistis in dairy cows .” 1988. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Ngatia T. Aetiology and pathology of subclinical mastistis in dairy cows . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Nairobi; 1988. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26650.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ngatia T. Aetiology and pathology of subclinical mastistis in dairy cows . [Thesis]. University of Nairobi; 1988. Available from: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26650

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

The Ohio State University

6. Zimov, Jennifer Laura. Behavioral and Physiological Responses To Lipopolysaccharide Induced Clinical Mastitis.

Degree: MS, Animal Sciences, 2009, The Ohio State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253132975

► The behavioral and physiological effects of lipopolysaccharide induced mastitis were examined in lactating Holstein cows. Twenty cows were assigned to five blocks of four cows… (more)

▼ The behavioral and physiological effects of lipopolysaccharide induced mastitis were examined in lactating Holstein cows. Twenty cows were assigned to five blocks of four cows grouped by parity and stage of lactation. The experimental design for this study was a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement. Cows within the blocks were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: 1) intramammary infusion with 25 µg lipopolysaccharide and intravenous flunixin meglumine; 2) intramammary infusion with 25 µg lipopolysaccharide and intravenous PBS; 3) intramammary infusion with PBS and intravenous flunixin meglumine; and 4) intramammary infusion PBS and intravenous with PBS. Uninfected mammary quarters were infused 3 h post milking. Intravenous treatments were given 7 h post milking. Experimental cows were under continuous video monitoring during the study. Cows receiving the lipopolysaccharide treatment had higher mean peak quarter milk somatic cell counts, rectal temperatures, concentrations of milk amyloid and serum cortisol during the first 12 h after infusion compared with intramammary saline treated cows. Lipopolysaccharide treated cows spent a reduced percentage of the first 24 h after challenge eating and cud chewing compared with saline infused cows. Rumen contractions were reduced in lipopolysaccharide infused cows compared with saline infused cows at sample times corresponding with peak rectal temperatures. Flunixin treatment 4 h after intramammary challenge mitigated the clinical systemic responses of increased rectal temperature and decreased rumen activity. Cows receiving LPS infusion and treatment with flunixin spent more time eating the first 12 h after challenge than animals receiving infusion of LPS and treatment of PBS. Flunixin treatment increased time spent cud chewing in all cows. Acute clinical mastitis changed physiological and behavioral parameters in lactating dairy cows. The administration of flunixin meglumine mitigated the adverse systemic affects associated with LPS induced mastitis. Advisors/Committee Members: Hogan, Joseph (Advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Animal Diseases; Animals; Welfare; mastitis; dairy cows, bovine, pain, welfare, behavior

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zimov, J. L. (2009). Behavioral and Physiological Responses To Lipopolysaccharide Induced Clinical Mastitis. (Masters Thesis). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253132975

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zimov, Jennifer Laura. “Behavioral and Physiological Responses To Lipopolysaccharide Induced Clinical Mastitis.” 2009. Masters Thesis, The Ohio State University. Accessed July 22, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253132975.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zimov, Jennifer Laura. “Behavioral and Physiological Responses To Lipopolysaccharide Induced Clinical Mastitis.” 2009. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Zimov JL. Behavioral and Physiological Responses To Lipopolysaccharide Induced Clinical Mastitis. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. The Ohio State University; 2009. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253132975.

Council of Science Editors:

Zimov JL. Behavioral and Physiological Responses To Lipopolysaccharide Induced Clinical Mastitis. [Masters Thesis]. The Ohio State University; 2009. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253132975

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

7. Capurro, Aldo. Diagnostic and epidemiological studies of staphylococci in bovine mastitis.

Degree: 2009, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

URL: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/1942/

► Diagnostic and epidemiological studies of staphylococci in bovine mastitis.Mastitis is the most common disease in dairy cows and is often caused by staphylococcal infections. The… (more)

▼ Diagnostic and epidemiological studies of staphylococci in bovine mastitis.Mastitis is the most common disease in dairy cows and is often caused by staphylococcal infections. The genus Staphylococcus is divided in coagulase-negative (CNS) and coagulase-positive (CPS) staphylococci. The CPS S. aureus is the most prevalent udder pathogen in Swedish dairy cows. For successful mastitis control accurate diagnostics and good understanding of the bacterial epidemiology is essential. This thesis describes methods for species differentiation within CNS and CPS, examines genotypic diversity of S. aureus isolates within Sweden, and identifies potential sources of S. aureus in herds with mastitis problems. First, three phenotypic tests (P-agar with acriflavin, β-galactosidase, and haemolytic reaction in chocolate agar) of eight biochemical tests evaluated were found useful for differentiation between the CPS species, S. aureus, S. hyicus and S. intermedius. The proportions of each species among bovine milk isolates were 97%, 1%, and 2%, respectively. Then, species identification of CNS using the Staph-Zym™ test was compared with sequencing of part of the tuf gene. Staph-Zym™ correctly identified 61%, but gave an incorrect species name in 28% of the milk isolates. Supplementary tests were frequently needed when using Staph-Zym™. In the next study, S. aureus isolates from a national survey on acute clinical mastitis were genotyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and 25 pulsotypes (PTs) were identified. Three of the PTss accounted for over 50% of the isolates and were found all over the country. The distribution of PTs was different in the southern region than in the northern and middle regions of the country. Finally, S. aureus PTs in quarter milk samples, body samples (BS), and environment samples (ES) from various animal groups were studied in five herds with S. aureus mastitis problems. Herd differences were found, but all herds had one predominant unique milk PTs. In three farms this PTs was often found in BS and ES of lactating cows, and occasionally in samples from the other groups.

Subjects/Keywords: dairy cows; bovine mastitis; staphylococcus aureus; phenotypes; genotypes; diagnosis; epidemiology; Bovine mastitis; dairy cows; clinical mastitis; Staphylococcus aureus; CNS; CPS; phenotypic; genotypic; Staph-ZymTM; tuf gene sequencing; PFGE

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APA (6^th Edition):

Capurro, A. (2009). Diagnostic and epidemiological studies of staphylococci in bovine mastitis. (Doctoral Dissertation). Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Retrieved from http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/1942/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Capurro, Aldo. “Diagnostic and epidemiological studies of staphylococci in bovine mastitis.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Accessed July 22, 2018. http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/1942/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Capurro, Aldo. “Diagnostic and epidemiological studies of staphylococci in bovine mastitis.” 2009. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Capurro A. Diagnostic and epidemiological studies of staphylococci in bovine mastitis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 2009. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/1942/.

Council of Science Editors:

Capurro A. Diagnostic and epidemiological studies of staphylococci in bovine mastitis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 2009. Available from: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/1942/

8. Barbosa Lima, Maria Gabriela. Perfil das citocinas no prognóstico da mamite bovina após antibioticoterapia.

Degree: Mestrado, Clínica Veterinária, 2014, University of São Paulo

URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-19092014-090029/ ;

► O presente estudo objetivou-se avaliar o perfil das citocinas como indicador prognóstico em diferentes protocolos de tratamento da mamite bovina. De um total de 130… (more)

▼ O presente estudo objetivou-se avaliar o perfil das citocinas como indicador prognóstico em diferentes protocolos de tratamento da mamite bovina. De um total de 130 vacas em lactação da raça holandesa foram selecionadas cinco vacas sem alteração ao exame do leite (C-), cinco vacas sem grumos no leite, mas com CMT positivo e 30 vacas com mamite clínica. Os animais com mamite clínica foram alocados em três grupos. O grupo G1 (n=10) recebeu tratamento com antibiótico sistêmico (enrofloxacina), enquanto o grupo G2 (n=10) recebeu somente antibiótico intramamário (sulfato de cefquinoma) e o grupo G3 (n=10) foi tratado com os dois princípios (enrofloxacina sistêmico e sulfato de cefquinoma intramamário). Os grupos controle foram formados respectivamente por animais negativos para as duas provas (C1; n=5), e negativos para a prova de fundo escuro e positivos para CMT (C2; n=5). Amostras de leite e sangue foram colhidas antes do tratamento (M0) e no segundo (M1), quinto (M2) e décimo segundo dia (M3) após o término do tratamento para serem submetidas a exame bacteriológico do leite, antibiograma do leite, dosagem de citocinas no leite e no sangue (IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α INF-γ) e dosagem de imunoglobulinas no leite e no sangue (IgG1, IgG2, IgM e IgA). Foi verificada a normalidade da distribuição dos resultados, utilizando-se teste de Anderson-Darling. Para a avaliação das diferenças entre as médias dos resultados obtidos, foram realizados os testes de análise de variância ANOVA One-way (Unstacked) (para dados com distribuição normal) e Mann-Whitney (para dados que não apresentaram distribuição normal), sendo as análises consideradas significativas as que apresentaram P≤0,05. Todos os animais do G3 apresentaram cura clínica e 80% cura bacteriológica nos momentos subsequentes ao tratamento (M1a M3). Ao se avaliar a resposta imunológica desse grupo, notou-se primeiramente o aumento de IL-6 sérico no M1 acompanhado de IgG1 e IgG2, os quais juntamente com o aumento de IL-4 e TNF-α perpetuaram a inflamação até o M2, enquanto que na glândula mamária já se iniciava a resolução da inflamação com o aumento de IL-10. Por outro lado, os animais do grupo G2 apresentaram cura clínica e bacteriológica no M1, porém esta não se manteve. Imunologicamente, após o tratamento, o perfil predominante desse grupo foi o Th2 com aumento de IgG1 e IL-4. Ao final do experimento, alguns animais do grupo G2 voltaram a manifestar a doença clinicamente, e tal fato foi acompanhado da diminuição das concentrações de IL-4, IgG1 e de IL-6 no leite. Nos animais do grupo G1 houve cura clínica não absoluta e 40% de cura bacteriológica no M3. Imunologicamente, observou-se altos níveis de IL-6 e IL-8 no leite durante todo o período de tratamento e diminuição de IgG2 sérico no M3 correlacionado negativamente com a IgG2 láctea, caracterizando uma resposta local tardia. Os resultados permitem inferir que o acompanhamento por mais de duas semanas da dinâmica da resposta imunológica depende da eficiência do protocolo antimicrobiana… Advisors/Committee Members: Libera, Alice Maria Melville Paiva Della.

Subjects/Keywords: Dairy cows; Immune Response; Mamite; Mastitis; Prognosis; Prognóstico; Resposta imune; Tratamento; Treatment; Vacas leiteiras

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APA (6^th Edition):

Barbosa Lima, M. G. (2014). Perfil das citocinas no prognóstico da mamite bovina após antibioticoterapia. (Masters Thesis). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-19092014-090029/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Barbosa Lima, Maria Gabriela. “Perfil das citocinas no prognóstico da mamite bovina após antibioticoterapia.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of São Paulo. Accessed July 22, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-19092014-090029/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Barbosa Lima, Maria Gabriela. “Perfil das citocinas no prognóstico da mamite bovina após antibioticoterapia.” 2014. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Barbosa Lima MG. Perfil das citocinas no prognóstico da mamite bovina após antibioticoterapia. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2014. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-19092014-090029/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Barbosa Lima MG. Perfil das citocinas no prognóstico da mamite bovina após antibioticoterapia. [Masters Thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2014. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-19092014-090029/ ;

INP Toulouse

9. Albaaj, Ahmad. Dynamiques individuelles et interactions entre santé mammaire, déséquilibres nutritionnels et l'établissement de la gestation chez la vache laitière : Individual dynamics and interactions of udder health, nutritional disorders and conception establishment in dairy cows.

Degree: Docteur es, Pathologie, Toxicologie, Génétique et Nutrition, 2017, INP Toulouse

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0054

► La fertilité des vaches laitières s’est beaucoup dégradée au cours des dernières décennies, tant à l’échelle nationale qu’internationale. L’objectif poursuivi est d’apporter un éclairage épidémiologique… (more)

▼ La fertilité des vaches laitières s’est beaucoup dégradée au cours des dernières décennies, tant à l’échelle nationale qu’internationale. L’objectif poursuivi est d’apporter un éclairage épidémiologique sur les relations dynamiques entre la conception (réussite à l’insémination artificielle ; IA), les mammites subcliniques et les déséquilibres métabolico-nutritionnels que sont la cétose subclinique et les déséquilibres azotés de la ration. Un premier chapitre bibliographique dresse l’état de l’art des liens entre performances de reproduction et (i) mammites, (ii) cétose subclinique et (iii) excès de protéines dégradables, en identifiant clairement les interactions et associations croisées entre ces différents composants, et en quantifiant autant que possible ces liens. Les trois parties suivantes mobilisent des données exhaustives du contrôle laitier français sur la période 2008-2012, qui ont été confrontées aux données d’IA. La variable d’intérêt retenue est la conception après IA, soit pour la première IA (IA1) ou pour toutes les IA. Les variations des concentrations de cellules somatiques (CCS) autour de l’IA ont été utilisées pour décrire la dynamique des mammites subcliniques autour de l’IA, selon 4 classes (Bas-Bas, Bas-Haut, Haut-Bas et Haut-Haut) et pour différents seuils de CCS. Le statut de cétose subclinique a été évalué grâce aux taux butyreux et protéique du lait. Les concentrations d’urée du lait sont utilisées pour caractériser les déséquilibres azotés. Le second chapitre propose une description succincte des résultats de production et de reproduction des troupeaux bovins laitiers français sur la période d’étude. Le troisième chapitre focalise sur l’interaction entre les CCS et la cétose subclinique dans un modèle de régression de Poisson expliquant la conception. Les chances de conception à l’IA1 sont réduites de 14% (Risque relatif = 0,86 [IC 95%=0,85–0,87]) pour les groupes Bas-Haut et Haut-Haut, comparé au groupe Bas-Bas, et de 3 à 17 %, selon les définitions retenues, lors de cétose subclinique comparé à son absence. Les résultats identifient et quantifient clairement l’interaction entre la cétose subclinique et les mammites subcliniques dans leur association avec la conception : la baisse de la conception est jusqu’à 2 fois supérieure lors de la présence simultanée d’une augmentation des CCS et d’une cétose subclinique par rapport à la situation où il y a seulement augmentation des CCS. Le quatrième chapitre, mobilisant des méthodes proches de celles du chapitre précédent, montre que la baisse de la concentration d’urée dans le lait autour de l’IA (en dessous de 150 mg/kg, 2,6 mmol/L) est associée à une baisse de la conception de 5 à 9% (Risque relatif = 0.91 (IC95%=0,87-0,96)]) par rapport à des concentrations d’urée du lait qui restent stables (250 - 450 mg/kg ou 4,3-7,7 mmol/L). Ceci révèle l’importance de la stabilité du métabolisme azoté autour de la conception, y compris pour des variations d’urée du lait ou du sang à la baisse, alors que seule la hausse de la concentration d’urée était… Advisors/Committee Members: Foucras, Gilles (thesis director), Raboisson, Didier (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Bovins laitiers; Fertilité; Mammite; Cétose subclinique; Urée; Dairy cows; Reproduction; Mastitis; Ketosis; Urea

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APA (6^th Edition):

Albaaj, A. (2017). Dynamiques individuelles et interactions entre santé mammaire, déséquilibres nutritionnels et l'établissement de la gestation chez la vache laitière : Individual dynamics and interactions of udder health, nutritional disorders and conception establishment in dairy cows. (Doctoral Dissertation). INP Toulouse. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0054

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Albaaj, Ahmad. “Dynamiques individuelles et interactions entre santé mammaire, déséquilibres nutritionnels et l'établissement de la gestation chez la vache laitière : Individual dynamics and interactions of udder health, nutritional disorders and conception establishment in dairy cows.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, INP Toulouse. Accessed July 22, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0054.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Albaaj, Ahmad. “Dynamiques individuelles et interactions entre santé mammaire, déséquilibres nutritionnels et l'établissement de la gestation chez la vache laitière : Individual dynamics and interactions of udder health, nutritional disorders and conception establishment in dairy cows.” 2017. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Albaaj A. Dynamiques individuelles et interactions entre santé mammaire, déséquilibres nutritionnels et l'établissement de la gestation chez la vache laitière : Individual dynamics and interactions of udder health, nutritional disorders and conception establishment in dairy cows. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. INP Toulouse; 2017. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0054.

Council of Science Editors:

Albaaj A. Dynamiques individuelles et interactions entre santé mammaire, déséquilibres nutritionnels et l'établissement de la gestation chez la vache laitière : Individual dynamics and interactions of udder health, nutritional disorders and conception establishment in dairy cows. [Doctoral Dissertation]. INP Toulouse; 2017. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0054

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

10. Nielsen, Christel. Economic impact of mastitis in dairy cows.

Degree: 2009, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

URL: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/1968/

► This thesis aims to assess the economic loss associated with clinical (CM) and subclinical (SCM) mastitis under current Swedish farming conditions. Stochastic simulation was used… (more)

▼ This thesis aims to assess the economic loss associated with clinical (CM) and subclinical (SCM) mastitis under current Swedish farming conditions. Stochastic simulation was used to investigate the impact of mastitis on technical and economic results of a 150-cow dairy herd. The yearly avoidable cost of mastitis, assuming that the initial incidence (32 and 33 cases of CM and SCM per 100 cow-years, respectively) could be reduced by 50%, was estimated at €8 095. This figure corresponded to 5% of the economic net return for the herd given the initial incidence of mastitis. Expressed as an average per cow/year, the avoidable cost of mastitis was estimated at €54. The economic loss associated with mastitis could not be reduced by discarding milk with high somatic cell count, because this resulted in a substantial decrease of the volume of sold milk which was not offset by the increase in milk price. Cases of CM and SCM were on average associated with an average economic loss of €275 and €60, respectively. Reduced milk production constituted the major cost component of the economic loss caused by mastitis. The magnitude of yield loss associated with mastitis occurring in different stages of lactation was assessed using mixed linear models. The dataset was collected in a research herd between 1987 and 2004, and consisted of weekly test-day records sampled in 1200 lactations. The most extensive yield loss was estimated when CM developed in early lactation and when SCM (modelled by means of increased somatic cell count) occurred in late lactation. The 305-day yield loss associated with CM varied between 0 and 705 kg milk in primiparous cows and between 0 and 902 kg milk in multiparous cows, depending on lactation week at onset. Most cases of CM developed in the first week of lactation and resulted in a yield loss of 578 and 782 kg milk in primiparous and multiparous cows, respectively. Daily yield loss at an SCC of 500 000 cells/ml ranged from 0.7 to 2.0 kg milk in primiparous cows and from 1.1 to 3.7 kg milk in multiparous cows. The yield loss in an average 305-day lactation affected by SCM was 150 and 450 kg milk in primiparous and multiparous cows, respectively.

Subjects/Keywords: dairy cows; mastitis; somatic cell count; disease control; milk yield; losses; costs; sweden; dairy cow; mastitis; somatic cell count; yield loss; dairy herd; economic performance; discarding milk

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nielsen, C. (2009). Economic impact of mastitis in dairy cows. (Doctoral Dissertation). Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Retrieved from http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/1968/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nielsen, Christel. “Economic impact of mastitis in dairy cows.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Accessed July 22, 2018. http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/1968/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nielsen, Christel. “Economic impact of mastitis in dairy cows.” 2009. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Nielsen C. Economic impact of mastitis in dairy cows. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 2009. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/1968/.

Council of Science Editors:

Nielsen C. Economic impact of mastitis in dairy cows. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 2009. Available from: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/1968/

The Ohio State University

11. Newman, Kari A. Factors Affecting Lactoferrin Concentration at Drying Off and Infection Status at Calving in Dairy Cows on an Intermittent Milking Schedule Prior to Drying Off.

Degree: MS, Veterinary Preventive Medicine, 2008, The Ohio State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1221510039

► During the dry period of the dairy cow there is a rapid increase in natural protective factors. This occurs once the volume of milk… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Agriculture; Animal Diseases; Animals; Veterinary Services; dairy cows; intermittent milking; lactoferrin; mastitis; infection status; drying off

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APA (6^th Edition):

Newman, K. A. (2008). Factors Affecting Lactoferrin Concentration at Drying Off and Infection Status at Calving in Dairy Cows on an Intermittent Milking Schedule Prior to Drying Off. (Masters Thesis). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1221510039

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Newman, Kari A. “Factors Affecting Lactoferrin Concentration at Drying Off and Infection Status at Calving in Dairy Cows on an Intermittent Milking Schedule Prior to Drying Off.” 2008. Masters Thesis, The Ohio State University. Accessed July 22, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1221510039.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Newman, Kari A. “Factors Affecting Lactoferrin Concentration at Drying Off and Infection Status at Calving in Dairy Cows on an Intermittent Milking Schedule Prior to Drying Off.” 2008. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Newman KA. Factors Affecting Lactoferrin Concentration at Drying Off and Infection Status at Calving in Dairy Cows on an Intermittent Milking Schedule Prior to Drying Off. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. The Ohio State University; 2008. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1221510039.

Council of Science Editors:

Newman KA. Factors Affecting Lactoferrin Concentration at Drying Off and Infection Status at Calving in Dairy Cows on an Intermittent Milking Schedule Prior to Drying Off. [Masters Thesis]. The Ohio State University; 2008. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1221510039

University of Edinburgh

12. Chiumia, Daniel. Vulnerability in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows : risk factors for culling and effect of temperament on oestrus.

Degree: 2011, University of Edinburgh

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5961

► The general aims of the work were to determine the factors associated with vulnerability in Holstein- Friesian dairy cows in two scenarios: A) culling and… (more)

▼ The general aims of the work were to determine the factors associated with vulnerability in Holstein- Friesian dairy cows in two scenarios: A) culling and B) the effect of temperament on days to first recorded oestrus in dairy cows. Vulnerability was defined as either an increased risk of being culled or having long interval from calving to first recorded oestrus in cows. The work was carried out in two distinct studies. The objective of the first study was to identify the predisposing factors for an increased risk of culling in adult Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. This study was conducted using data sourced from Scottish Agricultural College Langhill database. Between September 2003 and August 2010, 519 cows calved for the first time and 175 of these were culled. The major reasons for culling were fertility (9.2%), udder problems (9.1%) and accident (6.2%) on which further analysis was performed. The culled cows were matched with their cohorts that survived to a later lactation. Cows assessed for the risk of being culled due to major reasons had a mean age at first calving of 26.2 months (Standard Deviation (SD) =2.4). Cows with high body condition score (BCS) at service and low 60-day (60d) milk protein had a significantly (P<0.05) increased likelihood of being culled due to infertility. The regression estimate (RE) was 1.67 for Service BCS and -2.43 for 60d milk protein with predicted probability (PP) of 0.91. However in first lactation heifers, only BCS at service was significant (P<0.05, RE=2.65 and PP=0.86). Cows with a reduced interval to reach peak milk yield had a significant (P<0.01) likelihood of being culled due to udder problems (RE=-0.05 and PP= 0.89). Locomotion score and parity were not significant on increasing the risk of culling cows due to accident. Hence higher BCS at service, low 60d milk protein and short duration to peak lactation are factors that place dairy cows at an increased risk of being culled. The second study aimed at determining the association between temperament and days to first recorded oestrus in adult dairy cows. Temperament traits that were studied were flight response score, nervous, interest, shy, bold, fear and docile. Number of days to first recorded oestrus after calving was the dependent variable in the analysis. Seventy Holstein-Friesian dairy cows, mean age at first calving 25 months (SD=1.9) were used in the study. Temperament traits for individual cows were recorded on day 30 before calving, and on days 30 and 60 after calving. Temperament traits were quantified using an Approach Passageway test. On average the first oestrus occurred 55.5 days (SD=17.9) after calving. The study showed that temperament traits did not significantly affect the number of days to first recorded oestrus. Within the temperament traits, nervousness, shyness, boldness, fearfulness and docility were significantly (P<0.001) related to flight response score while interest was not. In conclusion, higher than average BCS at service, low milk protein content at day 60 in lactation and short duration… Advisors/Committee Members: Macrae, Alastair.

Subjects/Keywords: dairy cows; cows; culling; fertility

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chiumia, D. (2011). Vulnerability in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows : risk factors for culling and effect of temperament on oestrus. (Thesis). University of Edinburgh. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5961

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chiumia, Daniel. “Vulnerability in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows : risk factors for culling and effect of temperament on oestrus.” 2011. Thesis, University of Edinburgh. Accessed July 22, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5961.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chiumia, Daniel. “Vulnerability in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows : risk factors for culling and effect of temperament on oestrus.” 2011. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Chiumia D. Vulnerability in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows : risk factors for culling and effect of temperament on oestrus. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Edinburgh; 2011. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5961.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chiumia D. Vulnerability in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows : risk factors for culling and effect of temperament on oestrus. [Thesis]. University of Edinburgh; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5961

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

13. Lam, Vo. Milk production on smallholder dairy cattle farms in Southern Vietnam.

Degree: 2011, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

URL: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/8052/

► Dairy production is a rather new and not a traditional system in Vietnam. It is mainly based on smallholder dairy farms. The general aim of… (more)

▼ Dairy production is a rather new and not a traditional system in Vietnam. It is mainly based on smallholder dairy farms. The general aim of the studies in this thesis was to improve milk production on smallholder dairy farms in Southern Vietnam and also to create a foundation that could be used in the advisory service or/and in further research for better milking management routines. Studies were done to cover the specific objectives of this thesis. The studies were designed to identify the problems for dairy production on smallholder dairy farms, to investigate which are the management factors that influenced milk somatic cell count (SCC) in lactating cows, identify the prevalence of subclinical mastitis based on SCC and to study the protein degradation caused by Streptococcus (Str.) agalactiae. The survey study indicated that the majority of the farmers kept between 2 to 17 cows (mean = 12). The main breed of dairy cow was Holstein Friesian (HF) crosses. This HF cows produced about 16 kg/day/cow. Around 35% of the farms provided fresh water ad libitum for the cows, while 51 % provided less than 30 L of water per cow per day. Moreover, milk SCC was high (1,300,000 cells/mL milk) in many of the studied farms. The second study found that limited to drinking water significantly increased herd SCC. Str. agalactiae was found to be a predominant species in infected udders. Further investigation showed that the prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCC > 200,000 cells/mL milk) at quarter basis was 63.2% (285 out of 451) and at cow basis 88.6% (101 out 114). Str. agalactiae was found on 65% farms, 35.6% cows (41 out of 115) and 21% quarters (96 out of 458). Among 96 isolates of Str. agalactiae, 11 different strains were identified. The proteolysis of casein was higher (12-70%) compared with whey proteins (4-12%). The strains of Str. agalactiae in the same phylogenic group did not show the same degradation of casein and whey protein. Str. aglactiae caused proteolytic activity where the proteolysis of αS2-casein was highest, up to 70%, compared with control milk. Proteolytic activity caused by different strains showed a large variation. The lowest breakdown of casein was found to be 30% compared with control milk. Overall, the high milk SCC in this present study showed poor udder health of lactating cows on smallholder farms. The high milk SCC was mainly caused by the infection of udders with Str. agalactiae.

Subjects/Keywords: dairy cows; mastitis; somatic cell count; udder health; agalactia; streptococcus agalactiae; proteolysis; dairy farms; smallholders; viet nam; smallholder dairy farm; somatic cell count; management factors; udder health; Streptococcus agalactiae

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lam, V. (2011). Milk production on smallholder dairy cattle farms in Southern Vietnam. (Doctoral Dissertation). Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Retrieved from http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/8052/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lam, Vo. “Milk production on smallholder dairy cattle farms in Southern Vietnam.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Accessed July 22, 2018. http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/8052/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lam, Vo. “Milk production on smallholder dairy cattle farms in Southern Vietnam.” 2011. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Lam V. Milk production on smallholder dairy cattle farms in Southern Vietnam. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 2011. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/8052/.

Council of Science Editors:

Lam V. Milk production on smallholder dairy cattle farms in Southern Vietnam. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 2011. Available from: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/8052/

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

14. Lundberg, Åsa. Mastitis in dairy cows.

Degree: 2015, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

URL: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/11975/

► Mastitis, inflammation of the udder, is a common disease among dairy cows worldwide. This thesis investigated the genotype variation and spread of three major udder… (more)

▼ Mastitis, inflammation of the udder, is a common disease among dairy cows worldwide. This thesis investigated the genotype variation and spread of three major udder pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Streptococcus uberis. Isolates collected in a previous study of veterinary-treated clinical mastitis (VTCM) were used to study between-herd genotype variation in epidemiologically independent isolates and differences in outcome. Intramammary infections (IMI) were scrutinized for their occurrence on the day of calving and four days later by quarter milk sampling in selected herds with mastitis problems. The importance for long-term udder health and production of these IMI was also investigated. The two most common Staph. aureus genotypes among the VTCM isolates were detected in 64% of the herds. In contrast, none of almost 100 Strep. uberis isolates from different herds was of the same genotype. The Strep. dysgalactiae isolates varied moderately compared to the ones of Staph. aureus and Strep. uberis. The common genotypes of Staph. aureus were associated with a lower somatic cell count (SCC) during the follow-up period, compared to the less common genotypes. No differences were detected between genotypes of streptococci, but cows with Strep. dysgalactiae VTCM had a lower SCC during the follow-up period compared to those with Strep. uberis. In herds with mastitis problems, Staph. aureus was the most common pathogen found at and just after calving, followed by Strep. dysgalactiae, and Strep. uberis. Isolates of Staph. aureus showed the lowest within-herd genotype diversity, followed by an intermediate diversity of Strep. dysgalactiae and a high diversity of Strep. uberis. There was a marked variation in occurrence of IMI at or close to calving in herds with mastitis problems, indicating that the predisposing factors for udder infections at calving differed between herds. Most early lactation IMI were associated with an increase in lactation SCC, whereas associations with other outcome variables were more variable. Altogether, this thesis contributes knowledge about Staph. aureus, Strep. dysgalactiae, and Strep. uberis that can be used in preventive work against these IMI.

Subjects/Keywords: dairy cows; bovine mastitis; staphylococcus aureus; streptococcus; pathogens; genotypes; genetic variation; mammary glands; lactation; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus dysgalactiae; Streptococcus uberis; clinical mastitis; intramammary infection; outcome; bacterial genotype; early lactation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lundberg, �. (2015). Mastitis in dairy cows. (Doctoral Dissertation). Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Retrieved from http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/11975/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lundberg, Åsa. “Mastitis in dairy cows.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Accessed July 22, 2018. http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/11975/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lundberg, Åsa. “Mastitis in dairy cows.” 2015. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Lundberg �. Mastitis in dairy cows. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 2015. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/11975/.

Council of Science Editors:

Lundberg �. Mastitis in dairy cows. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 2015. Available from: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/11975/

Addis Ababa University

15. Yien, Deng. ASSESSMENT OF HYGIENIC MILK PRODUCTION AND PREVALENCE OF MASTITIS IN DAIRY COW IN JIKAWO WOREDA OF NUER ZONE, GAMBELLA REGION, ETHIOPIA .

Degree: 2014, Addis Ababa University

URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5547

► A cross sectional study was conducted in Jikawo Woreda of Nuer Zone, Gambella Regional State in Southwest Ethiopia, with the objective of assessing hygienic milk… (more)

▼ A cross sectional study was conducted in Jikawo Woreda of Nuer Zone, Gambella Regional State in Southwest Ethiopia, with the objective of assessing hygienic milk production practices, prevalence of mastitis and associated risk factors from December 2013 to April 2014. Data were collected through administering semi-structured questionnaire, group discussion and conducting California Mastitis screening test across the randomly selected households of the three purposively selected kebeles in the Woreda. The questionnaire was administered to 145 households. The results showed that 75.2% (109) of interviewed households were females while the remaining were males who were involved in hygienic milk production responses. Washing udder was not practiced by 95.17% (138) of the households in the area. Only 4.83% (7) practiced washing udder before milking only after the death of the calf. About 48.3% (70) of the households use cold water to clean milk handling equipments. The California Mastitis Screening Test was performed on 121 lactating dairy cows of these; about 60.33% (73) were showed mastitis cases. The prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis was found to be 11.57% (14) and 48.76% (59), respectively. Test of quarter level prevalence of mastitis was done on 484 quarters and it was found that 9.32% (45) and 37.89% (183) of the quarters had clinical and subclinical cases, respectively. The quarter level prevalence of clinical and sub clinical mastitis from the highest to lowest rate of infection was left front teats (LF) 53.72% (65), right rear teats (RR) 50.00% (60), left rear teats (LR) 45.56% (55) and right front teats (RF) 39.65% (48). Those animals which were affected with tick infestation (χ2 =11.14, p< 0.003),with teat injury (χ2 =7.14, P<0.008) and with history of mastitis (P<0.003, χ2=8.62) were significantly affected with mastitis compared to their counter parts. The occurrence of mastitis based on age, stage of lactation and parity was significantly higher in adult cow (6-9yrs) (χ2 =7.87, P<0.020), in mid (5-7month) lactation (χ2 =6.41, P<0.041), and in cow with moderate (4-7) parity(χ2=11.79, P<0.003) respectively. In conclusion, the hygienic milk production activity in the area as a whole requires an intervention. Mastitis has been found to be an important disease in the area. This indicates proper mastitis control should be practiced by maintaining an appropriate cow's environment and udder health management program by the farmers including further investigation on the etiological agents associated with prevalence of mastitis to undertake measurable control options of mastitis in the area. Advisors/Committee Members: Prof. Berhan Tamir (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Dairy cow; hygienic; mastitis

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Yien, D. (2014). ASSESSMENT OF HYGIENIC MILK PRODUCTION AND PREVALENCE OF MASTITIS IN DAIRY COW IN JIKAWO WOREDA OF NUER ZONE, GAMBELLA REGION, ETHIOPIA . (Thesis). Addis Ababa University. Retrieved from http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5547

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Yien, Deng. “ASSESSMENT OF HYGIENIC MILK PRODUCTION AND PREVALENCE OF MASTITIS IN DAIRY COW IN JIKAWO WOREDA OF NUER ZONE, GAMBELLA REGION, ETHIOPIA .” 2014. Thesis, Addis Ababa University. Accessed July 22, 2018. http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5547.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Yien, Deng. “ASSESSMENT OF HYGIENIC MILK PRODUCTION AND PREVALENCE OF MASTITIS IN DAIRY COW IN JIKAWO WOREDA OF NUER ZONE, GAMBELLA REGION, ETHIOPIA .” 2014. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Yien D. ASSESSMENT OF HYGIENIC MILK PRODUCTION AND PREVALENCE OF MASTITIS IN DAIRY COW IN JIKAWO WOREDA OF NUER ZONE, GAMBELLA REGION, ETHIOPIA . [Internet] [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2014. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5547.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Yien D. ASSESSMENT OF HYGIENIC MILK PRODUCTION AND PREVALENCE OF MASTITIS IN DAIRY COW IN JIKAWO WOREDA OF NUER ZONE, GAMBELLA REGION, ETHIOPIA . [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2014. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5547

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Universiteit Utrecht

16. Embden, G.J. van. Clinical mastitis: Incidence, etiology and treatment in organic and conventional dairy herds.

Degree: 2008, Universiteit Utrecht

URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/33523

► ABSTRACT Organic food production is a growing sector worldwide and anticipates to the consumer growing demand for food produced on a sustainable way, without the… (more)

▼ ABSTRACT Organic food production is a growing sector worldwide and anticipates to the consumer growing demand for food produced on a sustainable way, without the use of antibiotics, chemicals and pesticides, and better animal health and welfare. This report compares health and welfare between organic and conventional dairy farms by a literature review and a field study done in Alberta, Canada, with emphasis on clinical mastitis incidence, etiology and antibiotic usage. Animal welfare in organic farming is on average better than in conventional dairy farming, but health is not necessarily better. Organic regulations and management standards cannot guarantee better health because they do not influence management style. In most studies on health and welfare in organic dairy farming, mastitis is used as a parameter to measure animal health. In these studies, incidence of clinical mastitis varied from a lower incidence to a same or even higher incidence rate on organic farms compared to conventional. In several studies, distribution of mastitis pathogens cultured from cases of clinical mastitis showed a slight tendency towards more contagious pathogens in organic farms compared to conventional farms. Antibiotic resistance is expected to be lower on organic farms, but no general higher susceptibility of mastitis pathogens to antimicrobial drugs was proven in any of the studies, except in the USA, where difference in antibiotic usage between organic and conventional dairy farms is very high. In the field study, which was performed within the Alberta Organic Dairy Research Project, all clinical mastitis cases in organic farms were sampled and cultured over a period of 2 months. Results were then compared with data of conventional farms obtained from a national cohort study about udder health, performed by the Canadian Bovine Mastitis Research Network (CBMRN). Unfortunately, no associations with production method (organic vs. conventional) could be made for incidence and etiology of clinical mastitis and antibiotic resistance at this time, because of the low number of samples collected so far. Abbreviation key: CNS = coagulase-negative staphylococci, CON = conventional, IRCM = incidence rate of clinical mastitis, ORG = organic Advisors/Committee Members: Jorritsma, R..

Subjects/Keywords: Diergeneeskunde; mastitis, organic dairy

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Embden, G. J. v. (2008). Clinical mastitis: Incidence, etiology and treatment in organic and conventional dairy herds. (Masters Thesis). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/33523

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Embden, G J van. “Clinical mastitis: Incidence, etiology and treatment in organic and conventional dairy herds.” 2008. Masters Thesis, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed July 22, 2018. http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/33523.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Embden, G J van. “Clinical mastitis: Incidence, etiology and treatment in organic and conventional dairy herds.” 2008. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Embden GJv. Clinical mastitis: Incidence, etiology and treatment in organic and conventional dairy herds. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2008. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/33523.

Council of Science Editors:

Embden GJv. Clinical mastitis: Incidence, etiology and treatment in organic and conventional dairy herds. [Masters Thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2008. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/33523

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

17. Åkerstedt, Maria. Bovine acute phase proteins in milk.

Degree: 2008, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

URL: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/1735/

► The composition and quality of the raw milk is essential for the dairy industry and since only healthy cows produce milk of high quality, it… (more)

▼ The composition and quality of the raw milk is essential for the dairy industry and since only healthy cows produce milk of high quality, it is important with prospering cows. The most important and common disease among dairy cows is mastitis (inflammation of the udder). Mastitis is not only an animal welfare problem, but also results in impaired milk quality, reduced product yield, higher production costs and consequently a higher price for the consumer. The most common way to detect subclinical mastitis is by measuring the somatic cell count (SCC). The SCC is also an important parameter in milk payment systems, highly affecting the price to the producer. Since SCC is influenced by other factors than mastitis, e.g. lactation number, stage of lactation, stress etc., there is a need for new biomarkers for detection of subclinical mastitis as well as for raw milk quality. The aim of this thesis was to obtain further knowledge about the occurrence of the two major acute phase proteins (APP) in bovine milk, haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA), and to evaluate their potential as biomarkers for raw milk quality. For the first time, a method for analysis of Hp using an optical biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology was developed. The method is fully automated with no need for sample preparation before analysis and each sample requires approximately 8 minutes. The occurrence of Hp and SAA in quarter, cow composite and bulk tank milk samples were investigated and the results showed that APP could be detected in all types of samples. In general, detectable levels of APP in milk were related to high SCC, probably originating from cows with subclinical mastitis. In general, samples containing APP had lower casein content, casein number (casein in relation to total protein) and lactose but also increased whey protein content or increased proteolysis. Hp and SAA were suggested to be useful biomarkers for milk quality, especially the protein quality. To our knowledge, this thesis is the first describing Hp and SAA as potential biomarkers for raw milk quality.

Subjects/Keywords: dairy cows; cow milk; quality; proximate composition; proteins; casein; somatic cell count; mastitis; biosensors; proteolysis; bovine; dairy cow; milk quality; acute phase proteins; haptoglobin; serum amyloid A; somatic cell count; mastitis; protein composition; casein content; proteolysis

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Åkerstedt, M. (2008). Bovine acute phase proteins in milk. (Doctoral Dissertation). Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Retrieved from http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/1735/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Åkerstedt, Maria. “Bovine acute phase proteins in milk.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Accessed July 22, 2018. http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/1735/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Åkerstedt, Maria. “Bovine acute phase proteins in milk.” 2008. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Åkerstedt M. Bovine acute phase proteins in milk. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 2008. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/1735/.

Council of Science Editors:

Åkerstedt M. Bovine acute phase proteins in milk. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 2008. Available from: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/1735/

18. Fagundes, Helena. Ocorrência de Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli O157:H7 em rebanhos leiteiros do Estado de São Paulo.

Degree: PhD, Qualidade e Produtividade Animal, 2007, University of São Paulo

URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-24042007-103157/ ;

►

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a ocorrência de S. aureus e E. coli O157: H7 no leite de vacas com mastite subclínica e no… (more)

▼

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a ocorrência de S. aureus e E. coli O157: H7 no leite de vacas com mastite subclínica e no leite de mistura de 42 propriedades leiteiras localizadas em duas regiões do Estado de São Paulo: São Carlos e Ribeirão Preto. Paralelamente, entre os isolados de S. aureus foi objetivo identificar os produtores de toxinas e determinar sua origem epidemiológica. O isolamento de S. aureus foi realizado em agar Baird-Parker (35ºC, 48h) e a confirmação bioquímica através da catalase, coagulase, termonuclease, produção de acetoína e fermentação aeróbia da maltose. O isolamento de E. coli O157: H7 foi realizado em agar Sorbitol MacConkey MUG (35ºC, 24h). Para confirmação utilizaram-se as provas do IMVC e sorologia através do kit Soro Anti E. coli O157. Para a detecção da TSST-1 e das enterotoxinas A, B, C e D utilizou-se aglutinação reversa passiva em látex (RPLA). A identificação epidemiológica dos isolados de S. aureus foi realizada por eletroforese em gel de campo pulsado (PFGE). A ocorrência de S. aureus no leite individual nas regiões 1 (São Carlos) e 2 (Ribeirão Preto) foram 3,9% e 6,7%, respectivamente. Animais pertencentes às propriedades leiteiras com produção entre 400 L e 1.000 L/dia apresentaram maior risco de veiculação de S. aureus através do leite quando comparadas com propriedades com produção 1.000 L/dia. Quanto ao leite de mistura, verificou-se que a ocorrência de S. aureus foi a mesma em ambas as regiões (19%). A produção simultânea das enterotoxinas B e C foi observada em 4,7% dos isolados de leite individual, enquanto que 4,7% produziram enterotoxina A e toxina TSST-1. A produção de TSST-1, isoladamente, foi constatada em 14,3% dos isolados de leite individual e em 25% do leite de mistura. Houve similaridade genética entre os isolados de S. aureus, evidenciando sua dispersão epidemiológica entre as propriedades avaliadas. A ocorrência de E. coli O157: H7 no leite individual foi 1% na região 1 e 1,6% na região 2. No leite de mistura não foi detectada E. coli O157: H7. Ressalte-se a importância de medidas preventivas para assegurar a qualidade do leite durante a ordenha, a fim de evitar a ocorrência de microrganismos patogênicos, principalmente S. aureus, e conseqüentemente prevenir riscos de veiculação de toxinfecções através deste alimento.

The aim of this study was to verify the occurrence of S. aureus and E. coli O157: H7 in the milk from dairy cows with subclinical mastitis and in the bulk milk from 42 dairy farms located in two regions of São Paulo State (Region 1: São Carlos, Region 2: Ribeirão Preto). Among the S. aureus strains isolated, the aim was to identify the toxin producers and their epidemiological origin. The isolation of S. aureus was conducted using Baird-Parker agar, and the strains were confirmed by catalase, coagulase, thermonuclease, maltose aerobic fermentation and acetoin production. The isolation of E. coli O157: H7 was conducted using Sorbitol MacConkey MUG agar. The strains were confirmed by IMVC and serology using anti E. coli O157 sera.…

Advisors/Committee Members: Oliveira, Carlos Augusto Fernandes de.

Subjects/Keywords: E. coli O157: H7; Escherichia coli O157: H7; S. aureus; Staphylococcus aureus; Dairy cows; Mastite; Mastitis; Milk quality; Public Health; Qualidade do leite; Saúde Pública; Vacas leiteiras

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Fagundes, H. (2007). Ocorrência de Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli O157:H7 em rebanhos leiteiros do Estado de São Paulo. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-24042007-103157/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fagundes, Helena. “Ocorrência de Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli O157:H7 em rebanhos leiteiros do Estado de São Paulo.” 2007. Doctoral Dissertation, University of São Paulo. Accessed July 22, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-24042007-103157/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fagundes, Helena. “Ocorrência de Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli O157:H7 em rebanhos leiteiros do Estado de São Paulo.” 2007. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Fagundes H. Ocorrência de Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli O157:H7 em rebanhos leiteiros do Estado de São Paulo. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of São Paulo; 2007. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-24042007-103157/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Fagundes H. Ocorrência de Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli O157:H7 em rebanhos leiteiros do Estado de São Paulo. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of São Paulo; 2007. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-24042007-103157/ ;

The Ohio State University

19. da Costa, Luciana B. Epidemiology, Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in Ohio Dairy Farms.

Degree: PhD, Comparative and Veterinary Medicine, 2014, The Ohio State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408657108

► Staphylococcus aureus (Staph.aureus) is the most common contagious pathogen causing intramammary infections (IMI) in cows worldwide. Although practices to control this organism have been advocated… (more)

▼ Staphylococcus aureus (Staph.aureus) is the most common contagious pathogen causing intramammary infections (IMI) in cows worldwide. Although practices to control this organism have been advocated for decades, identification of risk factors is crucial in prevention and control of Staph.aureus. The objectives for Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 were to estimate prevalence of Staph.aureus in Ohio dairies and to determine the association of management practices with isolation of Staph.aureus in bulk tank milk (BTM). Questionnaire about herd characteristics, milking procedures, udder health/mastitis control, biosecurity and calf/heifer raising practices were mailed to 780 dairy producers, with a response rate of 49.2%. Staph.aureus prevalence was 48%, 64% and 69% when considering one, two or three BTM samples. Herds with somatic cell count lower than 150,000 cells/mL and milking routine practices such as pre-stripping, pre- and post-dipping and use of single towels per cow were associated with reduced detection of Staph.aureus. Dry-off practices such as abrupt cessation of milking, use of internal teat sealant or blanket dry treatment were associated with herd size. In addition to the presence of Staph.aureus in the infected udder and milk, the cow can also be colonized with the organism on body sites. The objective of the Chapter 4 was to assess the role of teat skin colonization by Staph. aureus in Staph.aureus IMI by evaluating genetic relatedness of Staph.aureus isolates from milk and teat skin of dairy cows using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and characterizing the isolates based on the carriage of virulence genes. Cows in four known Staph.aureus positive herds were sampled and was found that quarters with teat skin colonized with Staph.aureus were almost five times more likely to be diagnosed with Staph.aureus IMI than quarters not colonized on teat skin. Three main clusters (A, B, C) were identified with PFGE using a cutoff at 80% similarity. All clusters contained both milk and teat skin isolates with 72% of isolates belonging to cluster B. Forty-two virulence factors were screened using PCR and presence of clfA, clfB genes may have contributed to the ability of certain isolates to become the predominant strain. The aim of the study in Chapter 5 was to estimate antimicrobial resistance in Staph.aureus and to determine presence of methicillin-resistant Staph.aureus (MRSA) in Ohio dairy BTM. Staph.aureus isolates for this study were those previously described in Chapters 2. Isolates were tested for antimicrobial resistance by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion and MRSA confirmation was done by a duplex PCR using femB and mecA genes. MecA was detected in two Staph.aureus isolates from a single farm (herd prevalence = 0.95%), collected at different time. Both isolates appeared highly clonal and belonged to SCC type IV, spa type t021, USA200. These results confirm the presence in low prevalence of BTM MRSA in US dairies. Findings from this study show that Staph.aureus IMI is a multifactorial disease. Characteristics related… Advisors/Committee Members: Rajala-Schultz, Paivi (Advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Veterinary Services; Staphylococcus aureus, mastitis, intra-mammary infection, dairy cows, herd characteristics, management practices, dry-off, bulk tank milk, virulence factors, PFGE, teat skin colonization, MRSA, questionnaire, epidemiology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

da Costa, L. B. (2014). Epidemiology, Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in Ohio Dairy Farms. (Doctoral Dissertation). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408657108

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

da Costa, Luciana B. “Epidemiology, Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in Ohio Dairy Farms.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University. Accessed July 22, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408657108.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

da Costa, Luciana B. “Epidemiology, Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in Ohio Dairy Farms.” 2014. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

da Costa LB. Epidemiology, Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in Ohio Dairy Farms. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2014. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408657108.

Council of Science Editors:

da Costa LB. Epidemiology, Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in Ohio Dairy Farms. [Doctoral Dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2014. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408657108

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

20. Jansson Mörk, Marie. Validation of disease recordings in Swedish dairy cattle.

Degree: 2009, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

URL: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/2130/

► This thesis examines the completeness of the Swedish dairy disease recording system: it attempts to quantify how much disease the system’s database captures relative to… (more)

▼ This thesis examines the completeness of the Swedish dairy disease recording system: it attempts to quantify how much disease the system’s database captures relative to what farmers find and veterinarians treat. Two field studies were conducted. In the first, 177 farmers recorded information about disease events, regardless of whether the disease event had resulted in a veterinary visit. In the second, farm copies of veterinary records (851 records from 112 herds) were collected. The proportion of disease events receiving veterinary treatment was estimated, and measures of disease incidence based on the farmers’ data were compared with incidences estimated from the Dairy Disease Database (ddd). Further, the completeness of the ddd was estimated based on agreement between information in the ddd and farmer-reporting and herd-copies, respectively. Differential completeness was also evaluated. Finally, the probability of a successfully registered disease event for the whole disease recording process was estimated for five different disease complexes, based on the results of both field studies. The overall completeness of veterinary treated disease events in the ddd was estimated to be 71% and 75%, based on the farmers’ recordings and on the farm copies, respectively. Differential completeness linked to regions, veterinary employment type and between different groups of animals was found. The probability of a successfully registered disease event (regardless of veterinary treatment) in the ddd varied between 30% for diarrhoea and 72% for puerperal paresis. Whether or not the farmer contacted a veterinarian was found to be the most influential step in the recording process, followed by whether or not the disease record was registered in the raw data file at the Swedish Dairy Association. Lack of completeness in the ddd will result in conservative disease incidence measures. Underreporting of veterinary treated disease events, as well as undercoverage of farmer-observed events, was found to vary depending on several factors which could introduce bias in estimates based on the ddd, which primarily is a problem if the data are used for epidemiologic research and less so for other areas.

Subjects/Keywords: dairy cows; disease control; epidemiology; monitoring; databases; data collection; data analysis; sweden; dairy cow; epidemiology; disease monitoring system; validity; completeness; sensitivity; differential misclassification; detectable

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Jansson Mörk, M. (2009). Validation of disease recordings in Swedish dairy cattle. (Doctoral Dissertation). Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Retrieved from http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/2130/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jansson Mörk, Marie. “Validation of disease recordings in Swedish dairy cattle.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Accessed July 22, 2018. http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/2130/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jansson Mörk, Marie. “Validation of disease recordings in Swedish dairy cattle.” 2009. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Jansson Mörk M. Validation of disease recordings in Swedish dairy cattle. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 2009. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/2130/.

Council of Science Editors:

Jansson Mörk M. Validation of disease recordings in Swedish dairy cattle. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 2009. Available from: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/2130/

University of British Columbia

21. Proudfoot, Kathryn Louise. Competition at the feed bunk during transition changes the feeding, standing and social behaviour of Holstein dairy cows .

Degree: 2008, University of British Columbia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2426

► Transition dairy cows are vulnerable to negative consequences of depressed feed intake due to a transient state of negative energy balance that predisposes them to… (more)

▼ Transition dairy cows are vulnerable to negative consequences of depressed feed intake due to a transient state of negative energy balance that predisposes them to disease after calving. Competition has been identified as one factor that can decrease feeding activity in mid-lactation cows, but the effects of competition on the transition cow are less well understood. The objective of this study was to test the effect of a competition on the behaviour and feed intake of transition cows. Standing behaviour, feeding behaviour and dry matter intake (DMI) was monitored from 1 wk before to 2 wk after calving for 110 Holstein dairy cows. Social behaviour was recorded in the week before calving. Cows were assigned to a competitive (2:1 cows:bin) or non-competitive (1:1 cow:bin) treatment at the start of the study. Treatment groups were balanced for parity and baseline feeding data, resulting in 8 primiparous and 10 multiparous cows per treatment. Competition dramatically increased the number of agonistic behaviours between cows at the feeder. Primiparous cows showed no change in either feeding or standing behaviour when fed in a competitive environment; however, they increased their total meal duration and within-meal intervals in the wk -1 before and wk +1 after calving. In wk -1 before calving, competitively fed multiparous cows increased the frequency of visits to the feeder but consumed less feed at each visit, resulting in decreased daily DMI. Throughout the experiment, multiparous cows fed competitively spent less time eating at each visit and ate at a faster rate, particularly during the 2 wk after calving. Multiparous cows on the competitive treatment also increased the time they spent standing (without eating) compared to cows on the non-competitive treatment. Feeding rate was negatively correlated with social status in multiparous cows. In summary, the results of this study indicate that restricting access to the feeder increases agonistic behaviours regardless of parity, and cows of different parity and social status respond differently in terms of feeding and standing behaviour.

Subjects/Keywords: Competition; Transition dairy cows; Behaviour

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APA (6^th Edition):

Proudfoot, K. L. (2008). Competition at the feed bunk during transition changes the feeding, standing and social behaviour of Holstein dairy cows . (Thesis). University of British Columbia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2426

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Proudfoot, Kathryn Louise. “Competition at the feed bunk during transition changes the feeding, standing and social behaviour of Holstein dairy cows .” 2008. Thesis, University of British Columbia. Accessed July 22, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2426.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Proudfoot, Kathryn Louise. “Competition at the feed bunk during transition changes the feeding, standing and social behaviour of Holstein dairy cows .” 2008. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Proudfoot KL. Competition at the feed bunk during transition changes the feeding, standing and social behaviour of Holstein dairy cows . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of British Columbia; 2008. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2426.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Proudfoot KL. Competition at the feed bunk during transition changes the feeding, standing and social behaviour of Holstein dairy cows . [Thesis]. University of British Columbia; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2426

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Alberta

22. Espinoza, Oswaldo S. Effects of Photoperiod Management on Milk Production in Lactating Dairy Cows.

Degree: MS, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 2016, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cn583xv04p

► The goals of this research were to evaluate the interaction effects between photoperiod management and dietary grain allocation in lactating dairy cows and to determine… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: dairy cows; persistency; photoperiod

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APA (6^th Edition):

Espinoza, O. S. (2016). Effects of Photoperiod Management on Milk Production in Lactating Dairy Cows. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cn583xv04p

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Espinoza, Oswaldo S. “Effects of Photoperiod Management on Milk Production in Lactating Dairy Cows.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed July 22, 2018. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cn583xv04p.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Espinoza, Oswaldo S. “Effects of Photoperiod Management on Milk Production in Lactating Dairy Cows.” 2016. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Espinoza OS. Effects of Photoperiod Management on Milk Production in Lactating Dairy Cows. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2016. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cn583xv04p.

Council of Science Editors:

Espinoza OS. Effects of Photoperiod Management on Milk Production in Lactating Dairy Cows. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2016. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cn583xv04p

University of Johannesburg

23. Staats, Jurgens. A comparative study on the effect of China officinalis 12CH and China officinalis 12CH-parathyroid 4CH complex on blood calcium levels of multiparous dairy cows .

Degree: 2009, University of Johannesburg

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2620

Subjects/Keywords: Dairy cows

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APA (6^th Edition):

Staats, J. (2009). A comparative study on the effect of China officinalis 12CH and China officinalis 12CH-parathyroid 4CH complex on blood calcium levels of multiparous dairy cows . (Thesis). University of Johannesburg. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2620

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Staats, Jurgens. “A comparative study on the effect of China officinalis 12CH and China officinalis 12CH-parathyroid 4CH complex on blood calcium levels of multiparous dairy cows .” 2009. Thesis, University of Johannesburg. Accessed July 22, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2620.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Staats, Jurgens. “A comparative study on the effect of China officinalis 12CH and China officinalis 12CH-parathyroid 4CH complex on blood calcium levels of multiparous dairy cows .” 2009. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Staats J. A comparative study on the effect of China officinalis 12CH and China officinalis 12CH-parathyroid 4CH complex on blood calcium levels of multiparous dairy cows . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2009. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2620.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Staats J. A comparative study on the effect of China officinalis 12CH and China officinalis 12CH-parathyroid 4CH complex on blood calcium levels of multiparous dairy cows . [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2620

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

24. Tekippe, Jessica. NATURAL BIOACTIVE PRODUCTS AS RUMEN FERMENTATION MODIFIERS.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2010, Penn State University

URL: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10656

► In experiment 1 medicinal herbs and essential oils were evaluated in a batch culture in vitro screening experiment as potential anti-methanogenic additives for ruminant diets.… (more)

▼ In experiment 1 medicinal herbs and essential oils were evaluated in a batch culture in vitro screening experiment as potential anti-methanogenic additives for ruminant diets. A total of 88 essential oils and 14 herbs were tested. Rumen inoculum enriched with particle-associated microorganisms was collected from a lactating dairy cow, 2 h before feeding. Incubation was conducted in serum bottles containing 1 g of a feed mixture (0.7 g alfalfa hay, 0.2 g corn starch, and 0.1 g solvent-extracted soybean meal), 1 ml of essential oils (10, 50, and 100 mg/L, final media concentration), 19 ml of McDougall¡¦s buffer with 5 g/L glucose and 2.5 g/L acid-hydrolyzed casein, and 20 ml of ruminal inoculum. Bottles were then flushed with CO2 and incubated at 39„aC for 6 h. Corresponding 50 ml tubes were incubated for 24 h for NDF degradability analysis. Herbs were tested using the same procedure except a portion of the alfalfa hay was replaced with 12.5, 50, 100, and 200 mg of herbs (air-dry basis), and NDF was tested using the DAISY apparatus. Blanks and monensin (5 mg/L, final media concentration) were also incubated. At the end of the incubations, total gas and methane production, VFA and ammonia concentration, and NDF degradability were measured. Treatment by application level interactions were not significant for any of the essential oil treatments. Two of the essential oils increased acetate production, 12 increased propionate production, 10 increased butyrate production, 3 reduced methane production (by 20 to 30%), and 2 decreased ammonia production. With the herbs, 1 increased acetate production, 2 increased propionate production, 1 decreased methane production (by 30%), and 1 decreased ammonia production. Eight of the herbs increased NDF degradability at various inclusion levels. Overall, these results indicated that some essential oils and medicinal herbs may have potential to impact ruminal fermentation in vivo. In experiment 2 there were two cow trials conducted to study the effects of dietary addition of an essential oil product, Xtract 6965 (0 vs. 525 mg/d; EO Pancosama) on ruminal fermentation, total tract digestibility, methane production, manure gas emissions, N losses, and dairy cow performance. In both experiments the EO product was added in the vitamin mineral premix. In trial 1, 20 multiparious Holstein cows (4 of which were ruminally cannulated) were used in a switch over design with 2, 28-d periods. Cows averaged 47 kg/day milk yield (¡Ó7.1 SD), 63 DIM (¡Ó21.4 SD), and 656 kg BW (¡Ó75 SD). Average DMI was 27 kg/d (¡Ó 0.59 SD) and did not differ between treatments (P=0.31). Apparent total tract digestibly of DM, OM, NDF, ADF, crude protein, and total nonstructural carbohydrates were similar between treatments (P = 0.16 to 0.90). Rumen pH and concentration of total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate, A:P ratio, polysaccharide-degrading activities, and total free amino acid concentration were not affected by treatment (P= 0.15 to 0.97). Isobutyrate (1.12 vs. 0.94 mmol/L; P < 0.0001), isovalerate…

Subjects/Keywords: methane; dairy cows; rumen

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tekippe, J. (2010). NATURAL BIOACTIVE PRODUCTS AS RUMEN FERMENTATION MODIFIERS. (Masters Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10656

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tekippe, Jessica. “NATURAL BIOACTIVE PRODUCTS AS RUMEN FERMENTATION MODIFIERS.” 2010. Masters Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed July 22, 2018. https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10656.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tekippe, Jessica. “NATURAL BIOACTIVE PRODUCTS AS RUMEN FERMENTATION MODIFIERS.” 2010. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Tekippe J. NATURAL BIOACTIVE PRODUCTS AS RUMEN FERMENTATION MODIFIERS. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Penn State University; 2010. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10656.

Council of Science Editors:

Tekippe J. NATURAL BIOACTIVE PRODUCTS AS RUMEN FERMENTATION MODIFIERS. [Masters Thesis]. Penn State University; 2010. Available from: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10656

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

25. Khan, Muhammad. Effects of prepartum dietary energy and lipid supplementation on hepatic transcriptome profiles in dairy cows during the transition period.

Degree: PhD, 0002, 2013, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45552

► The transition period in dairy cows is the most crucial time for both cow health and dairy management. Three experiments were conducted on transition dairy… (more)

▼ The transition period in dairy cows is the most crucial time for both cow health and dairy management. Three experiments were conducted on transition dairy cows to evaluate the effects of prepartum overfeeding and lipid supplementation around parturition on hepatic mRNA expression using qPCR and microarray techniques. In the first experiment, we examined the expression of 44 genes associated with PPARα target genes including fatty acid oxidation, TAG metabolism and storage, potential related nuclear receptors (NRs) and FGF21 modulating GH/IGF signaling in cows (n = 6/diet) assigned to a control (CON; NEL = 1.34 Mcal/kg DM) or moderate-energy (OVE; NEL = 1.62 Mcal/kg DM) diet during the entire dry period. All cows were fed a common lactation diet (NEL = 1.69 Mcal/kg DM) postcalving. Percutaneous liver biopsies were collected at -14, 7, 14, and 30 days relative to parturition (DIM) for transcript profiling via quantitative PCR. Estimated prepartal energy balance (EBAL) was greater (~159% vs. 102%, P<0.05) in OVE vs. CON, but during the first wk postpartum cows fed OVE prepartum were in more negative EBAL. Prior to calving, CON cows had greater (P < 0.05) serum FGF21, which corresponded with greater (P < 0.05) liver FGF21 expression. Concentration of FGF21 decreased (P < 0.05) gradually postpartum regardless of diet. Along with more severe negative EBAL, cows fed OVE vs. CON prepartum had greater (P < 0.05) postpartal concentrations of NEFA, BHBA, and GH in serum and liver triglyceride. Those data agreed with greater expression of ACOX1, CPT1A, ACADVL, HMGCS2, FGF21, and ANGPTL4 in OVE vs. CON at 7-14 DIM. Despite the gradual increase in serum GH after calving, at 7-14 DIM liver from cows fed OVE prepartum had greater (P < 0.05) IGFALS potentially to counteract the temporal decrease in hepatic GHR, STAT5ab, and IGF-1. Our results revealed transcriptional adaptations in liver resulting from the link between prepartal energy overfeeding and postpartal negative EBAL leading to greater serum NEFA. . Transcriptional changes encompassed not only LCFA oxidation and GH signaling but also hepatokine production. In the second experiment, we examined blood metabolites and expression of 58 genes related to inflammation and ER stress in the same cows assigned (n = 6/diet) to CON or OVE diets during the entire dry period. All cows were fed a common lactation diet (NEL = 1.69 Mcal/kg) postpartum. Blood was collected on d (± 3) -14, -5, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 14 and 21 relative to parturition. Percutaneous liver tissue biopsies were harvested at -14, 7, 14, and 30 d relative to parturition for transcript profiling via quantitative PCR. Estimated prepartal energy balance (EBAL) was greater (P < 0.05) for OVE and averaged 159% of requirements compared with 102% in CON. However, EBAL during the first week postpartum was lower in OVE (83% vs. 89% of requirements). After parturition the concentrations of ceruloplasmin, creatinine, bilirubin and reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) were greater (Diet × Time; P < 0.05) in OVE. Around… Advisors/Committee Members: Loor, Juan J. (advisor), Loor, Juan J. (Committee Chair), Drackley, James K. (committee member), Hurley, Walter L. (committee member), Pan, Yuan-Xiang (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: transition period; transcriptome; Dairy cows

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APA (6^th Edition):

Khan, M. (2013). Effects of prepartum dietary energy and lipid supplementation on hepatic transcriptome profiles in dairy cows during the transition period. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45552

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Khan, Muhammad. “Effects of prepartum dietary energy and lipid supplementation on hepatic transcriptome profiles in dairy cows during the transition period.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed July 22, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45552.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Khan, Muhammad. “Effects of prepartum dietary energy and lipid supplementation on hepatic transcriptome profiles in dairy cows during the transition period.” 2013. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Khan M. Effects of prepartum dietary energy and lipid supplementation on hepatic transcriptome profiles in dairy cows during the transition period. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2013. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45552.

Council of Science Editors:

Khan M. Effects of prepartum dietary energy and lipid supplementation on hepatic transcriptome profiles in dairy cows during the transition period. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45552

Cornell University

26. Yasui, Takashi. Nutritional Implications For Oxidative Status, Immune Function, And Energy Metabolism In Transition Dairy Cows And Relationships With Postpartum Performance And Endometritis .

Degree: 2013, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/34369

► Factors associated with a failure to adapt metabolic and physiological regulation during the transition period include oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, and imbalanced energy status. Those… (more)

▼ Factors associated with a failure to adapt metabolic and physiological regulation during the transition period include oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, and imbalanced energy status. Those factors are not only correlated to each other, but also related to low performance and immune suppression, which leads to development of periparturient-related diseases such as cytological endometritis (CE). The objectives of this work were to investigate the: 1) effect of source of trace minerals on production, oxidative metabolism, and the incidence of CE; 2) effect of chromium propionate (Cr-Pro) supplementation on production, metabolism, and the incidence of CE; 3) effect of supplemental monensin and varying postpartum fermentable starch level on the incidence of CE and related immune functions; and 4) association of CE with energy metabolism and inflammation. The first experiment found that, compared to inorganic or organic sources, supplemental hydroxy trace minerals (HTM), a recently available source of trace minerals, improved aspects of milk production, modulated plasma indices of oxidative balance, and reduced plasma haptoglobin levels immediately after parturition, suggesting that HTM are more bioavailable and can affect the body system related to production, oxidative metabolism, and inflammatory responses. In experiment two, feeding Cr-Pro resulted in improved prepartum dry matter intake in addition to reduced prepartum plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), and decreased incidence of CE along with increased uterine neutrophil influx immediately after parturition. This implies that Cr-Pro can improve periparturient energy metabolism and uterine immunity. The third experiment revealed that innate immune responses were improved during the early postpartum period in cows fed high starch diets for 3 weeks after parturition, and during early lactation in cows fed monensin. Finally, analyses conducted indicated that negative energy balance during the first 3 weeks after parturition was a critical factor to develop CE because cows with CE had higher area under the curve of plasma NEFA and beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and lower calculated energy balance during that period compared to cows without CE. The findings obtained from this work give practical approaches to optimize overall performance in transition dairy cows and provide partial mechanisms for how oxidative status, metabolism, and energy balance interrelate. Advisors/Committee Members: Nydam, Daryl Van (committeeMember), Gavalchin, Jerrie (committeeMember), Gilbert, Robert Owen (committeeMember), Flaminio, Maria Julia Bevilaqua Felippe (committeeMember).

Subjects/Keywords: Transition dairy cows; Endometritis; Nutrition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Yasui, T. (2013). Nutritional Implications For Oxidative Status, Immune Function, And Energy Metabolism In Transition Dairy Cows And Relationships With Postpartum Performance And Endometritis . (Thesis). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/34369

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Yasui, Takashi. “Nutritional Implications For Oxidative Status, Immune Function, And Energy Metabolism In Transition Dairy Cows And Relationships With Postpartum Performance And Endometritis .” 2013. Thesis, Cornell University. Accessed July 22, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/34369.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Yasui, Takashi. “Nutritional Implications For Oxidative Status, Immune Function, And Energy Metabolism In Transition Dairy Cows And Relationships With Postpartum Performance And Endometritis .” 2013. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Yasui T. Nutritional Implications For Oxidative Status, Immune Function, And Energy Metabolism In Transition Dairy Cows And Relationships With Postpartum Performance And Endometritis . [Internet] [Thesis]. Cornell University; 2013. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/34369.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Yasui T. Nutritional Implications For Oxidative Status, Immune Function, And Energy Metabolism In Transition Dairy Cows And Relationships With Postpartum Performance And Endometritis . [Thesis]. Cornell University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/34369

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Cornell University

27. Machado, Vinicius. New Insights Into Postpartum Uterine Diseases Of Dairy Cows .

Degree: 2015, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/40734

► Uterine diseases of dairy cows have a negative impact in the dairy industry because they are prevalent, contribute to economic losses and are an animal… (more)

▼ Uterine diseases of dairy cows have a negative impact in the dairy industry because they are prevalent, contribute to economic losses and are an animal welfare issue. This dissertation was conducted to advance our knowledge of uterine diseases of dairy cows. A series of studies was conducted to: i) Develop new strategies to better diagnose endometritis, ii) Advance the understanding of the intrauterine microbiota associated with the presence of uterine diseases, iii) Evaluate the association between the cow's immune system and uterine diseases, and iv) Evaluate different strategies to prevent and treat uterine diseases, and improve reproductive performance. Chapter 2 described that uterine lavage sample optical density measured at 620 nm can be used as a diagnostic tool for clinical endometritis. In Chapter 3 and 4, it was reported that intrauterine treatments of mannose or a bacteriophage cocktail against E. coli, and intrauterine infusion of dextrose, were ineffective to prevent or treat uterine diseases. Chapter 9 describes that subcutaneous immunization with components of Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium necrophorum and Trueperella pyogenes prevented puerperal metritis. Chapters 5, 6, and 7 describe three studies evaluating the benefits of injectable trace mineral supplementation (ITMS) during the transition period. ITMS improved mammary gland health, decreased clinical endometritis incidence, improved the antioxidant status of cows, and decreased the intrauterine presence of known intrauterine pathogens. Findings from Chapter 3, 7, and 9 reinforces the importance of E. coli, T. pyogenes, and F. necrophorum as etiological agents of uterine diseases. The first complete genome sequence of Trueperella pyogenes is reported in Chapter 8. Findings from chapter 9 imply that adaptive immunity is playing a role in the uterine defense, and that immunoglobulins are protective against uterine bacterial infection. This is also supported by findings from Chapter 10, which describes that higher blood levels of natural antibodies are positively associated with postpartum uterine health. In summary, this dissertation contributed to the current knowledge on several aspects of postpartum uterine diseases of dairy cows, but further research is needed to advance the knowledge on the pathogenesis of uterine diseases, and to develop better strategies to prevent, and treat those diseases. Advisors/Committee Members: Gilbert,Robert Owen (committeeMember), Butler,Walter Ronald (committeeMember), Nydam,Daryl Van (committeeMember).

Subjects/Keywords: Uterine diseases; Dairy cows; reproduction

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APA (6^th Edition):

Machado, V. (2015). New Insights Into Postpartum Uterine Diseases Of Dairy Cows . (Thesis). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/40734

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Machado, Vinicius. “New Insights Into Postpartum Uterine Diseases Of Dairy Cows .” 2015. Thesis, Cornell University. Accessed July 22, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/40734.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Machado, Vinicius. “New Insights Into Postpartum Uterine Diseases Of Dairy Cows .” 2015. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Machado V. New Insights Into Postpartum Uterine Diseases Of Dairy Cows . [Internet] [Thesis]. Cornell University; 2015. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/40734.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Machado V. New Insights Into Postpartum Uterine Diseases Of Dairy Cows . [Thesis]. Cornell University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/40734

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Pretoria

28. Gibbens, Nadine. Influence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and anionic salts on the calcium status of dairy cattle.

Degree: Animal and Wildlife Sciences, 2012, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29303

► Milk fever (parturient paresis / hypocalcaemia) is a metabolic disorder that usually occurs near parturition and at the onset of lactation in high producing multiparous… (more)

▼ Milk fever (parturient paresis / hypocalcaemia) is a metabolic disorder that usually occurs near parturition and at the onset of lactation in high producing multiparous dairy cows. Milk fever can indirectly contribute to an increased incidence of several diseases in early lactation. This study was conducted to compare two different feeding strategies to prevent milk fever, namely (i) the established concept of feeding a diet with a negative DCAD and (ii) a feeding strategy combining a negative DCAD supplement with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3). Thirty dairy cows were used in a randomized block design and were selected and blocked by parity (second parity and later), 305 day mature equivalent milk production in the previous lactation and expected calving date. Within each of the 15 blocks, the cows were allocated to two experimental groups named DCAD and DCAD + HyD. Fifteen animals in the DCAD + HyD group received a daily oral dosage of 3 mg of 25-OH-D3. Plasma samples were collected from day 21 prepartum to 10 days postpartum and were analysed for 25-OH-D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, total and ionized calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. Samples were collected on day 21, 14, 10 prepartum and every second day to calving, 4 and 6 h postpartum and every second day up to day 10 after calving. Urinary samples for determination of macro minerals (calcium and phosphorus) were collected via manual stimulation on day 21, 14, 8 and 4 prepartum and day 4 postpartum. These samples were used to ensure that mild metabolic acidosis was achieved in both treatment groups. The metabolic acidosis was demonstrated by decreased urinary pH. Milk samples were collected on day 1, 4 and 10 postpartum and used for macro mineral (calcium and phosphorus) determination. This study did not achieve all of the expected results observed in similar experiments. No treatment differences could be detected for plasma Ca2+ concentrations (P>0.05) and the mean plasma Ca2+ concentrations were [1.086a mmol/L ± 0.010 (DCAD treatment) and 1.083a mmol/L ± 0.010 (DCAD + HyD treatment)] respectively. Furthermore 1,25-(OH)2D3 plasma concentrations did not indicate any treatment differences (P>0.05). These results could be due to the fact that the experimental animals were not sufficiently challenged and therefore the combination of a low DCAD diet and Rovimix HyD did not influence the calcium homeostatic mechanisms as expected. A clear correlation between plasma 25-OH-D3 concentration and treatment duration was however demonstrated (P<0.001), indicating effective absorption of orally supplemented 25-OH-D3. Several authors demonstrated that feeding massive doses of vitamin D2 (30 million units) for extended periods led to clinical evidence of vitamin D toxicity. When 10 million IU of vitamin D3 were however administered intramuscularly within 10 days of parturition, a reasonable measure of protection against toxicity could be provided. It can be concluded from this study that longer feeding periods (± 21 days) than the proposed 10 days prior to calving can safely… Advisors/Committee Members: Prof L J Erasmus (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Milk fever; Dairy cows; Dairy cattle; UCTD

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gibbens, N. (2012). Influence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and anionic salts on the calcium status of dairy cattle. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29303

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gibbens, Nadine. “Influence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and anionic salts on the calcium status of dairy cattle.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed July 22, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29303.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gibbens, Nadine. “Influence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and anionic salts on the calcium status of dairy cattle.” 2012. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Gibbens N. Influence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and anionic salts on the calcium status of dairy cattle. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2012. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29303.

Council of Science Editors:

Gibbens N. Influence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and anionic salts on the calcium status of dairy cattle. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29303

University of Pretoria

29. [No author]. Influence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and anionic salts on the calcium status of dairy cattle .

Degree: 2012, University of Pretoria

URL: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11072012-181140/

► Milk fever (parturient paresis / hypocalcaemia) is a metabolic disorder that usually occurs near parturition and at the onset of lactation in high producing multiparous… (more)

▼ Milk fever (parturient paresis / hypocalcaemia) is a metabolic disorder that usually occurs near parturition and at the onset of lactation in high producing multiparous dairy cows. Milk fever can indirectly contribute to an increased incidence of several diseases in early lactation. This study was conducted to compare two different feeding strategies to prevent milk fever, namely (i) the established concept of feeding a diet with a negative DCAD and (ii) a feeding strategy combining a negative DCAD supplement with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3). Thirty dairy cows were used in a randomized block design and were selected and blocked by parity (second parity and later), 305 day mature equivalent milk production in the previous lactation and expected calving date. Within each of the 15 blocks, the cows were allocated to two experimental groups named DCAD and DCAD + HyD. Fifteen animals in the DCAD + HyD group received a daily oral dosage of 3 mg of 25-OH-D3. Plasma samples were collected from day 21 prepartum to 10 days postpartum and were analysed for 25-OH-D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, total and ionized calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. Samples were collected on day 21, 14, 10 prepartum and every second day to calving, 4 and 6 h postpartum and every second day up to day 10 after calving. Urinary samples for determination of macro minerals (calcium and phosphorus) were collected via manual stimulation on day 21, 14, 8 and 4 prepartum and day 4 postpartum. These samples were used to ensure that mild metabolic acidosis was achieved in both treatment groups. The metabolic acidosis was demonstrated by decreased urinary pH. Milk samples were collected on day 1, 4 and 10 postpartum and used for macro mineral (calcium and phosphorus) determination. This study did not achieve all of the expected results observed in similar experiments. No treatment differences could be detected for plasma Ca2+ concentrations (P>0.05) and the mean plasma Ca2+ concentrations were [1.086a mmol/L ± 0.010 (DCAD treatment) and 1.083a mmol/L ± 0.010 (DCAD + HyD treatment)] respectively. Furthermore 1,25-(OH)2D3 plasma concentrations did not indicate any treatment differences (P>0.05). These results could be due to the fact that the experimental animals were not sufficiently challenged and therefore the combination of a low DCAD diet and Rovimix HyD did not influence the calcium homeostatic mechanisms as expected. A clear correlation between plasma 25-OH-D3 concentration and treatment duration was however demonstrated (P<0.001), indicating effective absorption of orally supplemented 25-OH-D3. Several authors demonstrated that feeding massive doses of vitamin D2 (30 million units) for extended periods led to clinical evidence of vitamin D toxicity. When 10 million IU of vitamin D3 were however administered intramuscularly within 10 days of parturition, a reasonable measure of protection against toxicity could be provided. It can be concluded from this study that longer feeding periods (± 21 days) than the proposed 10 days prior to calving can safely… Advisors/Committee Members: Prof L J Erasmus (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Milk fever; Dairy cows; Dairy cattle; UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2012). Influence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and anionic salts on the calcium status of dairy cattle . (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11072012-181140/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “Influence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and anionic salts on the calcium status of dairy cattle .” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed July 22, 2018. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11072012-181140/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “Influence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and anionic salts on the calcium status of dairy cattle .” 2012. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

author] [. Influence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and anionic salts on the calcium status of dairy cattle . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2012. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11072012-181140/.

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. Influence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and anionic salts on the calcium status of dairy cattle . [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2012. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11072012-181140/

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

30. Dernfalk, Johanna. Multiplex flow cytometric assays for markers of inflammation.

Degree: 2008, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

URL: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/1696/

► The aim of this thesis was to develop new techniques for quantification of bovine pro-inflammatory markers, with emphasis on cytokines and acute phase proteins, and… (more)

▼ The aim of this thesis was to develop new techniques for quantification of bovine pro-inflammatory markers, with emphasis on cytokines and acute phase proteins, and to apply the techniques, using mastitis as disease model. Singleplex, duplex and triplex xMAP assays were developed for the bovine cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1β.(IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the bovine acute phase proteins serum amyloid A (SAA) and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP). Detection limits, linear ranges and intra- and inter-assay variations differed between assays, but generally, lower detection limits and wider linear ranges were observed in singleplex assays than in duplex and triplex assays. The detection limits for TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 were satisfactory in the singleplex assays. Further development work is required before the multiplex formats can be used in assays where very low cytokine concentrations are of interest. In the assays for acute phase proteins the detection limits and linear ranges were satisfactory, but could probably be further improved. All xMAP assays could be used for quantification of the analytes in milk and plasma samples from cows with experimentally induced Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. Simultaneous detection of IL-1β, SAA and LBP was performed in plasma. LBP is secreted solely during bacterial infections, and cytokines and acute phase proteins are secreted at different phases of the inflammation. Thus a time perspective and information whether the infection is of bacterial origin or not is provided by measuring IL-1β, SAA and LBP simultaneously. In one of the studies, ten cows were grouped as high or low responders for TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, based on their cytokine response in an ex vivo whole blood stimulation assay (WBA) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and E. coli. After the WBA, the cows were intramammary inoculated with E. coli, and the WBA was evaluated for its usefulness as a predictive tool of the severity of E. coli mastitis. The pre-inoculation WBA with used stimulation doses and incubation times could not predict the severity of an E. coli induced mastitis.

Subjects/Keywords: dairy cows; bovine mastitis; cow milk; blood composition; cytokines; inflammation; immunological techniques; immunity; antibodies; animal diseases; laboratory diagnosis; analytical methods; biochemistry; bovine; multiplex particle based flow cytometry; immunoassay; suspension array; biomarkers; pro-inflammatory cytokines; acute phase proteins; mastitis; whole blood stimulation assay; milk; blood

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Dernfalk, J. (2008). Multiplex flow cytometric assays for markers of inflammation. (Doctoral Dissertation). Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Retrieved from http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/1696/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dernfalk, Johanna. “Multiplex flow cytometric assays for markers of inflammation.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Accessed July 22, 2018. http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/1696/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dernfalk, Johanna. “Multiplex flow cytometric assays for markers of inflammation.” 2008. Web. 22 Jul 2018.

Vancouver:

Dernfalk J. Multiplex flow cytometric assays for markers of inflammation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 2008. [cited 2018 Jul 22]. Available from: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/1696/.

Council of Science Editors:

Dernfalk J. Multiplex flow cytometric assays for markers of inflammation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 2008. Available from: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/1696/

Open Access Theses and Dissertations