You searched for subject:(dairy dry heat period stress).
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University of Florida
1.
Fachetti Fabris, Thiago.
Effect of Omnigen-AF (registered trademark) and Heat Stress Abatement during the Dry Period on Subsequent Performance of Cows.
Degree: MS, Animal Sciences, 2017, University of Florida
URL: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0051083 
► Environmental factors such as high humidity and temperature can cause heat stress. Heat stress during the dry period reduces milk yield in the next lactation.…
(more)
▼ Environmental factors such as high humidity and temperature can cause
heat stress.
Heat stress during the
dry period reduces milk yield in the next lactation. Previous data have shown that feeding OmniGen-AF before and during periods of
heat stress increases
dry matter intake (DMI), reduces respiration rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT), and it may improve immune status of
heat stressed
dairy cattle. The objective of the present experiment was to evaluate the effect of
heat stress (HT vs CL, during the
dry period) and dietary treatment (Control vs. OG) during and after the exposure to
heat stress on
dairy cow performance. At least 60 days before
dry-off, cows were randomly assigned to OG or Control treatments based on the 305-d mature equivalent milk yield. Cows were supplemented with 56 g/d of OmniGen-AF or equal amount of AB20 as control during the last 60 days of lactation,
dry-
period and up to 60 days in milk. Cows were assigned to four treatments in a completely randomized design with a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Cows were dried off 45 d before expected calving and, within OG and Control they were randomly assigned to receive only shade with no evaporative cooling (HT, n = 36), shade with evaporative cooling (fans and soakers, n = 30),
heat stress with placebo (HT, n = 17),
heat stress with OG (HTOG, n=19), cooling with placebo (CL, n = 16) and cooling with OG (CLOG, n = 14). The present study demonstrated that HT vs. CL increases RR and RT, and OG supplementation improves thermoregulation of cows exposed to HT by reduction in RR and a tendency to reduce RT. Cows exposed to HT vs. CL reduces DMI during the
dry period. The exposure to CL and OG treatment improves milk yield in the next lactation. Also, OG supplementation improves L-selectin mRNA gene expression during late and early lactation of Holstein cows and tended to increase neutrophil volume during the
dry period. However, CL and OG improve cow performance and OG supplementation may be a strategy to improve the immune status of cows. ( en )
Advisors/Committee Members: DAHL,GEOFFREY E (committee chair), SANTOS,JOSE EDUARDO (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: dairy – dry – heat – period – stress
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APA (6th Edition):
Fachetti Fabris, T. (2017). Effect of Omnigen-AF (registered trademark) and Heat Stress Abatement during the Dry Period on Subsequent Performance of Cows. (Masters Thesis). University of Florida. Retrieved from https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0051083
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Fachetti Fabris, Thiago. “Effect of Omnigen-AF (registered trademark) and Heat Stress Abatement during the Dry Period on Subsequent Performance of Cows.” 2017. Masters Thesis, University of Florida. Accessed April 14, 2021.
https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0051083.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Fachetti Fabris, Thiago. “Effect of Omnigen-AF (registered trademark) and Heat Stress Abatement during the Dry Period on Subsequent Performance of Cows.” 2017. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Fachetti Fabris T. Effect of Omnigen-AF (registered trademark) and Heat Stress Abatement during the Dry Period on Subsequent Performance of Cows. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Florida; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0051083.
Council of Science Editors:
Fachetti Fabris T. Effect of Omnigen-AF (registered trademark) and Heat Stress Abatement during the Dry Period on Subsequent Performance of Cows. [Masters Thesis]. University of Florida; 2017. Available from: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0051083
Kansas State University
2.
Aranha Gamarra, Caio.
Alternative
dry cow management strategy.
Degree: MS, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2020, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/40297
► Poor transition from late gestation to early lactation influences postpartum performance of lactating dairy cows. Considering that increased vaginal temperature (VT) before calving is associated…
(more)
▼ Poor transition from late gestation to early lactation
influences postpartum performance of lactating
dairy cows.
Considering that increased vaginal temperature (VT) before calving
is associated with reduced postpartum performance during summer,
this thesis focused on investigating a novel management strategy in
the
dry period to improve postpartum performance during summer of
cows with high temperature (HT) in late gestation. This study was
conducted in three commercial
dairy herds in the High Plains region
during summer. Vaginal temperature was assessed from 1,603
multiparous Holstein cows with 236 to 250 of gestation, and the top
20% highest temperature were classified as HT cows. High
temperature cows were randomly assigned as treatment or control.
Treatment consisted of moving cows earlier to the close-up pen
compared with the rest of the herd. Therefore, three groups were
compared in the study: high temperature and extended days in the
close-up pen (HT-TRT), high temperature and not extended days in
the close-up pen (HT-CON), and low temperature and not extended
days in the close-up pen (LT). Cows were followed until 90 days in
milk (DIM) of the next lactation to compare postpartum performance.
In a cohort of cows (n = 201), blood sample was collected at VT
assessment to compare pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG)
concentration of HT and LT cows. Days spent in the close-up pen
differed among treatments (HT-TRT = 24.5 ± 1.8; HT-CON = 15.9 ±
1.8; LT = 20.3 ± 1.8). Low temperature cows had longer gestation
length and decreased percentage of twinning compared with HT-CON
and HT-TRT cows. Low temperature cows had and tended to have
decreased percentage of stillbirth than HT-CON and HT-TRT,
respectively. In addition, LT cows had decreased percentage of
uterine disease in the first 21 DIM than HT-CON cows. Nonetheless,
LT and HT-TRT did not differ in percentage of cows diagnosed with
uterine disease. High temperature control cows had reduced
percentage of cows pregnant at first service compared with LT cows,
however, no difference was detected between LT and HT-TRT cows.
Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein concentration at VT assessment
differed between HT and LT cows. Cows with increased VT in late
gestation benefited from spending more days in the close-up pen
during summer months. Differences in PAG concentrations of LT and
HT cows suggest that PAG could be a potential maker to identify
cows that will have postpartum problems after calving during summer
months.
Advisors/Committee Members: Luis G. Mendonca.
Subjects/Keywords: Dairy
cow; Heat
stress; Dry
period; Postpartum
performance;
Prepartum; Dairy cow
health
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APA (6th Edition):
Aranha Gamarra, C. (2020). Alternative
dry cow management strategy. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/40297
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Aranha Gamarra, Caio. “Alternative
dry cow management strategy.” 2020. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed April 14, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/40297.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Aranha Gamarra, Caio. “Alternative
dry cow management strategy.” 2020. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Aranha Gamarra C. Alternative
dry cow management strategy. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/40297.
Council of Science Editors:
Aranha Gamarra C. Alternative
dry cow management strategy. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/40297
University of Florida
3.
Tao, Sha.
Effect of Heat Stress During the Dry Period on Dairy Cattle.
Degree: PhD, Animal Molecular and Cellular Biology, 2012, University of Florida
URL: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0044583
► In dairy cattle, late gestation is a critical period for fetal growth and physiological transition into the next lactation. Environmental factors, such as temperature and…
(more)
▼ In
dairy cattle, late gestation is a critical
period for fetal growth and physiological transition into the next lactation. Environmental factors, such as temperature and light, exert dramatic effects on the production, health and well-being of animals during this
period and after parturition. The aim of this dissertation was to study the effect of
heat stress during the
dry period on the
dairy cow and her offspring. Studies in Chapters 2 and 3 examined the effect of
heat stress during the
dry period on mammary gland development and gene expression of mammary tissue and lymphocytes.
Dry period heat stress compromised mammary growth before parturition relative to
heat stress abatement but did not affect the mRNA expression of genes involved in prolactin signaling in the mammary gland. The experiment in Chapter 4 examined the effect of cooling
heat-stressed cows during the
dry period on the insulin response at peripheral tissues, such as adipose and muscle, of
dairy cows across the transition
period.
Heat stress did not affect the insulin response at peripheral tissues before parturition, but cooling during the
dry period had a carryover effect in early lactation cows such that cooled cows had lower insulin response at peripheral tissues in response to the greater milk production compared with
heat-stressed cows. In Chapter 5, the effect of late gestation
heat stress on the growth and immune function of
dairy calves was examined. Relative to those from the cooled dams, calves from
heat-stressed dams had lower birth weight but similar growth rate during the pre-pubertal
period and lower passive immunity and impaired cell-mediated immunity before weaning. In conclusion,
heat stress during the
dry period impairs mammary gland development before parturition, alters insulin action at peripheral tissues in early lactation and compromises the immune function of offspring. ( en )
Advisors/Committee Members: Dahl, Geoffrey E. (committee chair), Johnson, Sally (committee member), Santos, Jose (committee member), Ealy, Alan (committee member), Hansen, Peter J (committee member), Byatt, John (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Calves; Calving; Cooling; Dairy cattle; Dry period; Heat stress disorders; Hypertension; Insulin; Lactation; Mammary glands; calf – cow – heat – insulin – mammary
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APA (6th Edition):
Tao, S. (2012). Effect of Heat Stress During the Dry Period on Dairy Cattle. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Florida. Retrieved from https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0044583
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Tao, Sha. “Effect of Heat Stress During the Dry Period on Dairy Cattle.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Florida. Accessed April 14, 2021.
https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0044583.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Tao, Sha. “Effect of Heat Stress During the Dry Period on Dairy Cattle.” 2012. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Tao S. Effect of Heat Stress During the Dry Period on Dairy Cattle. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Florida; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0044583.
Council of Science Editors:
Tao S. Effect of Heat Stress During the Dry Period on Dairy Cattle. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Florida; 2012. Available from: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0044583
Kansas State University
4.
Olagaray, Katie Elizabeth.
Investigation
of dry period length and transition period intervention strategies
to increase ruminant productivity in the subsequent
lactation.
Degree: PhD, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2019, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/40259
► Successful transition from gestation to lactation sets the stage for lifetime productivity in ruminants. Several factors affecting successful transition are due to characteristics of the…
(more)
▼ Successful transition from gestation to lactation sets
the stage for lifetime productivity in ruminants. Several factors
affecting successful transition are due to characteristics of the
dry period. Optimal
dry period length for
dairy cattle has long
been debated, but no study has ever evaluated performance
associations with
dry period length while differentiating between
reasons for the deviation from target. We used 32,182 lactations
from 16 farms in a retrospective observational study to determine
if biological versus management reasons for a short or long
dry
period have the same associations with subsequent lactation
productivity.
Dry period length (DPL) and gestation length (GL)
were each categorized as short or long and combined to generate 7
study groups. Cows with both a short DPL and GL had the worst early
and whole lactation milk and component yields. Although not as
severe, similar decreases for cows with an average DPL but short GL
indicated short GL is a greater contributor to poor performance
than DPL itself. Long GL, independent of DPL, did not impact
productivity. Cows subjected to a long DPL based on management
decisions experienced issues related to excessive lipid
mobilization that did not affect milk production but manifested in
greater hazard of leaving the herd. Intervention strategies have
targeted the depressed feed intake and postpartum inflammation that
characterizes the transition
period. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
fermentation product was fed from -29 ± 5 to 42 d relative to
calving to evaluate the effects on feed intake, milk production,
and metabolism. Supplementation increased meals per d with less
time between meals, increased milk fat concentration, altered
cholesterol metabolism, and increased incidence of subclinical
ketosis, but early lactation milk yield and metabolism (plasma free
fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, and insulin) were
generally unaffected. Postpartum treatment with the non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drug, meloxicam, has previously been evaluated in
dairy cattle, but this intervention strategy has not been applied
to sheep. After lambing, 36 Hampshire and Hampshire × Suffolk ewes
were sequentially assigned within type of birth to control or
meloxicam treatment on d 1 and 4 of lactation. Postpartum meloxicam
treatment of ewes decreased plasma concentrations of haptoglobin
(marker of inflammation) and several oxylipids, with the greatest
impact in ewes with biomarkers reflecting a greater inflammatory
state before treatment. Overall, the transition from gestation to
lactation can be impacted by differences in individual biology and
management, with some aspects of the transition improved through
use of feed additives and drug interventions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Barry J. Bradford.
Subjects/Keywords: Dairy
cattle nutrition; Dairy
cattle dry period length; Transition
period;
Sheep;
Oxylipid
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APA (6th Edition):
Olagaray, K. E. (2019). Investigation
of dry period length and transition period intervention strategies
to increase ruminant productivity in the subsequent
lactation. (Doctoral Dissertation). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/40259
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Olagaray, Katie Elizabeth. “Investigation
of dry period length and transition period intervention strategies
to increase ruminant productivity in the subsequent
lactation.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Kansas State University. Accessed April 14, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/40259.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Olagaray, Katie Elizabeth. “Investigation
of dry period length and transition period intervention strategies
to increase ruminant productivity in the subsequent
lactation.” 2019. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Olagaray KE. Investigation
of dry period length and transition period intervention strategies
to increase ruminant productivity in the subsequent
lactation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/40259.
Council of Science Editors:
Olagaray KE. Investigation
of dry period length and transition period intervention strategies
to increase ruminant productivity in the subsequent
lactation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/40259
Mississippi State University
5.
Cabrera Cabrera, Carlos Jose.
Effect of supplementing heat stressed dairy cows with electrolytes on milk yield, composition, and blood metabolites.
Degree: MS, Animal and Dairy Sciences, 2014, Mississippi State University
URL: http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-06302014-103116/
;
► This study was done to examine the effects of supplementing electrolytes to heat stressed transitioning cows on dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield (MY),…
(more)
▼ This study was done to examine the effects of supplementing electrolytes to
heat stressed transitioning cows on
dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield (MY), and blood metabolites. Overall, 104 Holstein and Jersey cows were utilized from August to September, 2012, and from August to November, 2013. Control (CON) cows were fed standard TMR and E+ cows received the same TMR plus 170 g of Bovine BlueLite. The DMI, MY and composition, rectal temperature, and respiration rate were monitored daily; while blood metabolites, body weight, condition score and frame size (withers height, hip height, and heart girth) were measured weekly. The DMI, MY and composition were not different among treatments. Health condition, body change, and blood chemistry were not affected by treatment. Electrolyte supplementation did not have any negative effects on performance of
dry and lactating cows, but showed positive potential for alleviation of
heat stress in the present study.
Advisors/Committee Members: Stephanie H. Ward (committee member), Brian J. Rude (committee member), Caleb O. Lemley (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: dairy; heat stress; electrolytes
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APA (6th Edition):
Cabrera Cabrera, C. J. (2014). Effect of supplementing heat stressed dairy cows with electrolytes on milk yield, composition, and blood metabolites. (Masters Thesis). Mississippi State University. Retrieved from http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-06302014-103116/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Cabrera Cabrera, Carlos Jose. “Effect of supplementing heat stressed dairy cows with electrolytes on milk yield, composition, and blood metabolites.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Mississippi State University. Accessed April 14, 2021.
http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-06302014-103116/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Cabrera Cabrera, Carlos Jose. “Effect of supplementing heat stressed dairy cows with electrolytes on milk yield, composition, and blood metabolites.” 2014. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Cabrera Cabrera CJ. Effect of supplementing heat stressed dairy cows with electrolytes on milk yield, composition, and blood metabolites. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Mississippi State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-06302014-103116/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Cabrera Cabrera CJ. Effect of supplementing heat stressed dairy cows with electrolytes on milk yield, composition, and blood metabolites. [Masters Thesis]. Mississippi State University; 2014. Available from: http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-06302014-103116/ ;
University of Tennessee – Knoxville
6.
Abbott, Chelsea Ruth.
Thermoregulatory responses of lactating dairy cows to an acute heat stress after a pharmacologically-induced LH surge.
Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2018, University of Tennessee – Knoxville
URL: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/5140
► The objective of this study was to develop an in vivo model to assess thermoregulatory response of lactating dairy cows to heat stress. Hyperthermia…
(more)
▼ The objective of this study was to develop an in vivo model to assess thermoregulatory response of lactating
dairy cows to
heat stress. Hyperthermia occurring for 10 to 12 hours after LH surge reduces quality of maturing oocyte, thereby reducing fertility. Between the months of February through May, cows were transported to a climate-controlled facility and maintained at a temperature-humidity index (THI) of 65.9 ± [plus or minus] 0.2 (thermoneutral) or exposed to increases in THI of 0.8 ± 0.1 units per hour (
heat stress) for 12 hours before rapidly cooling to thermoneutral conditions. Mixed model regressions with repeated measures were used to test respiration rates (RR) and rectal temperature (RT). Within 40 and 110 min of increasing THI, RR increased in a quadratic fashion (P < [less than] 0.001); RT increased by 0.04 ± 0.1° [degree] C (P < 0.001) per unit THI. Changes in RR lagged THI and preceded rises in RT by 30 min. Average THI 3-days prior to treatment influenced changes in RR (P = [equal] 0.050) and RT (P < 0.001). Increased RR was more noticeable in
heat-stressed cows when prior THI was in the 40s than low 60s. Rectal temperature of
heat-stressed cows was 0.8 ± 0.02°C lower when prior THI was in the 40s versus low 60s. Progesterone and LH levels before treatment were predictive of thermoregulatory response in
heat-stressed cows. Rapid cooling decreased RR by 0.6 ± 0.1 bpm (P < 0.001) and RT by 0.02 ± 0.002°C per min (P < 0.002). Speed and magnitude of thermoregulatory changes to an acute
heat stress and after sudden cooling emphasizes the importance of strategic cooling before ovulation. Efforts to do so when prior THI approaches levels expected to induce mild
stress are especially important. Respiration rate is a useful indicator of the degree of hyperthermia a lactating cow is experiencing during an acute
heat stress event.
Advisors/Committee Members: J. Lannett Edwards, Ky G. Pohler, F. Neal Schrick.
Subjects/Keywords: acute heat stress; dairy cow
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APA (6th Edition):
Abbott, C. R. (2018). Thermoregulatory responses of lactating dairy cows to an acute heat stress after a pharmacologically-induced LH surge. (Thesis). University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Retrieved from https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/5140
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Abbott, Chelsea Ruth. “Thermoregulatory responses of lactating dairy cows to an acute heat stress after a pharmacologically-induced LH surge.” 2018. Thesis, University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Accessed April 14, 2021.
https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/5140.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Abbott, Chelsea Ruth. “Thermoregulatory responses of lactating dairy cows to an acute heat stress after a pharmacologically-induced LH surge.” 2018. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Abbott CR. Thermoregulatory responses of lactating dairy cows to an acute heat stress after a pharmacologically-induced LH surge. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/5140.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Abbott CR. Thermoregulatory responses of lactating dairy cows to an acute heat stress after a pharmacologically-induced LH surge. [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2018. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/5140
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Freie Universität Berlin
7.
Bertulat, Sandra.
Bestimmung von Stress verursacht durch das Trockenstellen bei Milchkühen und
dessen Zusammenhang mit der Milchleistung und dem Euterdruck.
Degree: 2014, Freie Universität Berlin
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-9463
► Das abrupte Trockenstellen ist eine allgemein etablierte und allseits bewährte Methode, welche bereits seit Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts Anwendung findet. Während das Tagesgemelk zum Zeitpunkt…
(more)
▼ Das abrupte Trockenstellen ist eine allgemein etablierte und allseits bewährte
Methode, welche bereits seit Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts Anwendung findet.
Während das Tagesgemelk zum Zeitpunkt des Trockenstellens jedoch noch in den
70er Jahren selten 9 kg überstieg, sind heute Milchleistungen von 30 kg und
mehr keine Seltenheit. Als Folge zeigen Kühe heute nach einem abrupten
Trockenstellen nicht nur eine vermehrte Euterschwellung und gesteigerte
Euterfestigkeit, sondern auch Verhaltensänderungen wie verminderte Fresslust
und vermehrt Lautäußerungen. Diese Verhaltensänderungen sind als Ausdruck von
Stress, Schmerz und Unbehagen bekannt. Daher lag die Vermutung nahe, dass es
einen Zusammenhang zwischen hoher Milchleistung zum Zeitpunkt des
Trockenstellens, hohem Euterdruck nach dem Trockenstellen und einem erhöhten
Stresslevel gibt. Deshalb war es das Ziel dieser Doktorarbeit, den durch das
abrupte Trockenstellen möglicherweise verursachten
Stress bei Milchkühen zu
quantifizieren und diesen
Stress mit der Milchleistung vor dem Trockenstellen
sowie dem Euterdruck nach dem Trockenstellen in Beziehung zu setzten. Zur
Beantwortung dieser Fragestellung war jedoch eine objektive Methode den
Euterdruck zu messen essentiell. Zwar wurde der Euterdruck bereits in der
Vergangenheit im Rahmen von Studien gemessen, das benutze Equipment war jedoch
unhandlich und unterlag diversen technischen Einschränkungen. Im Gegensatz
dazu ist die manuelle Palpation ein eher subjektives Verfahren. Ein neues
Gerät, ein sogenanntes Dynamometer, welches ursprünglich für die Bestimmung
des Reifegrades von Früchten entwickelt wurde, ermöglicht objektive, nicht
invasive Messungen von Festigkeiten. Während Dynamometer bereits für die
Messung der Fruchtreife und -festigkeit validiert sind, fehlen jedoch
Informationen zu ihrer Anwendbarkeit bei der Euterdruckmessung. Daher war es
das Ziel der ersten Studie, ein Dynamometer (Penefel DFT 14) zur Messung des
Euterdrucks bei Milchkühen zu validieren. Im ersten Schritt wurde dazu eine
Messmethode entwickelt, die bestmögliche Wiederholbarkeit zwischen 2
Untersuchern garantiert. Hierfür wurden 2 Experimente durchgeführt. Bei beiden
Experimenten wurde der Euterdruck mehrmals (n = 2838) jeweils von 2
unabhängigen Untersuchern gemessen. Das ursprüngliche Protokoll, welches im
ersten Experiment zum Einsatz kam, wurde in Anlehnung an die
Arbeitsanweisungen zur Messung der Fruchtreife entwickelt. Der generelle
Umgang mit dem Messgerät wurde erklärt, die Eindringtiefe der Messspitze grob
definiert und die Messlokalisation bestimmt. Entsprechend dieses Protokolls
war die Übereinstimmung zwischen den Untersuchern eher mäßig und die
Wiederholbarkeit nicht ausreichend (r = 0,80; P < 0,001). Aus diesem Grund
wurde das Messprotokoll überarbeitet und das zweite Experiment unter
Berücksichtigung des verbesserten Protokolls durchgeführt. Dieses umfasste das
Anbringen eines Abstandshalters um die Eindringtiefe der Messspitze präziser
zu definieren sowie die Kennzeichnung der Messlokalisation. Mit diesem
Protokoll konnte kein…
Advisors/Committee Members: w (gender), Univ.-Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Heuwieser (firstReferee), Prof. Dr. Volker Krömker (furtherReferee), Univ.-Prof. Dr. Rudolf Staufenbiel (furtherReferee).
Subjects/Keywords: dairy cows; animal welfare; dry period; stress; stress response; glucocorticoids; faeces collection; udders; milk yield; firmnes; 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche
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APA (6th Edition):
Bertulat, S. (2014). Bestimmung von Stress verursacht durch das Trockenstellen bei Milchkühen und
dessen Zusammenhang mit der Milchleistung und dem Euterdruck. (Thesis). Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-9463
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bertulat, Sandra. “Bestimmung von Stress verursacht durch das Trockenstellen bei Milchkühen und
dessen Zusammenhang mit der Milchleistung und dem Euterdruck.” 2014. Thesis, Freie Universität Berlin. Accessed April 14, 2021.
http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-9463.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bertulat, Sandra. “Bestimmung von Stress verursacht durch das Trockenstellen bei Milchkühen und
dessen Zusammenhang mit der Milchleistung und dem Euterdruck.” 2014. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Bertulat S. Bestimmung von Stress verursacht durch das Trockenstellen bei Milchkühen und
dessen Zusammenhang mit der Milchleistung und dem Euterdruck. [Internet] [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-9463.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Bertulat S. Bestimmung von Stress verursacht durch das Trockenstellen bei Milchkühen und
dessen Zusammenhang mit der Milchleistung und dem Euterdruck. [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2014. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-9463
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Georgia
8.
Pacetti, Lani Melissa.
Using dietary heat increment to alter energy use in dairy cows during hot weather.
Degree: 2014, University of Georgia
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/23487
► Thirty-two lactating Holstein cows averaging 169 ± 35 DIM were used to determine changes in energy use due to ration heat increment (HI) content under…
(more)
▼ Thirty-two lactating Holstein cows averaging 169 ± 35 DIM were used to determine changes in energy use due to ration heat increment (HI) content under heat stress conditions. Dietary treatments were high HI ad libitum (HA), low HI ad libitum
(LA), and low HI at restricted caloric intake (LR). The LR cows were paired and restricted to HA daily NEL intake (Mcal/100 kg BW). The high HI diet was formulated with more forage and fibrous byproducts, whereas the low HI diet contained more starch and
fat from byproducts. Milk yield, milk composition, and energy-corrected milk yield were similar for treatments. Milk yield and energy-corrected milk yield per kg DMI were greater for LR compared with HA. Total energy efficiency was greater for LR than
for HA and LA treatment groups. Data indicates that HI is useful for reducing heat stress and improving energy efficiency in dairy cattle during heat stress.
Subjects/Keywords: heat stress; heat increment; dairy; energy use
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APA (6th Edition):
Pacetti, L. M. (2014). Using dietary heat increment to alter energy use in dairy cows during hot weather. (Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10724/23487
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Pacetti, Lani Melissa. “Using dietary heat increment to alter energy use in dairy cows during hot weather.” 2014. Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed April 14, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10724/23487.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Pacetti, Lani Melissa. “Using dietary heat increment to alter energy use in dairy cows during hot weather.” 2014. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Pacetti LM. Using dietary heat increment to alter energy use in dairy cows during hot weather. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/23487.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Pacetti LM. Using dietary heat increment to alter energy use in dairy cows during hot weather. [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/23487
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Universiteit Utrecht
9.
Dort, A.J. van.
Karakterisering van vijftien melkveebedrijven die verkort of niet droogzetten.
Degree: 2013, Universiteit Utrecht
URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/277380
► Because many cows in current dairy farming experience a negative energy balance (NEB) post partum, alternative management procedures to minimize NEB are being searched for.…
(more)
▼ Because many cows in current
dairy farming experience a negative energy balance (NEB) post partum, alternative management procedures to minimize NEB are being searched for. One of these procedures could be shortening or omitting the
dry period. This management strategy may be associated with several positive effects for the cow. Peak lactation post partum will be lower, but persistency should be higher, so the cow can provide her energy needs more easily. Positive effects on fertility are also described. Mainly, the interval between calving and becoming pregnant again is shortened and some other characteristics that are associated with this interval are also influenced positively. The composition of the milk is more favourable in cows that have a shortened or omitted
dry period, than cows that have experienced a 6-8 week
dry period. The percentage fat and protein is higher at the end of lactation and protein percentage is higher during the beginning of lactation. Negative effects of shortening or omitting the
dry period are a loss of total production per cow per lactation. This loss of production can be as high as 40 % measured over one completed lactation. In addition, cows can experience more mastitis, because their udder cannot recover during the
dry period. Furthermore, colostrum quality may be lowered by shortening or omitting the
dry period. To evaluate the value of the management strategy shortening or omitting the
dry period, Wageningen University is executing a research called ‘Why Dry’. Milk recordings of 15
dairy farmers, that are applying these management procedures at their farms, were collected. These recordings showed a large variation on different values. To discover the cause of this, a characterization of these
dairy farms and working methods was being made. This characterization derived from a semi-structured interview with each farmer and a visit to every farm. These interviews show that participating farmers work very differently from each other. Despite the subjectivity of this research, a first insight of how
dairy farmers manage their farm and the shortened or omitted
dry period is being given. Most farmers are very satisfied with this management procedure. Shortening or omitting the
dry period does have potential in sustainable
dairy farming. However, this management strategy must suit the
dairy farmer and his farm.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jorritsma, R..
Subjects/Keywords: Diergeneeskunde; ommited or shortened dry period, dairy cow, characterization
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APA (6th Edition):
Dort, A. J. v. (2013). Karakterisering van vijftien melkveebedrijven die verkort of niet droogzetten. (Masters Thesis). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/277380
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Dort, A J van. “Karakterisering van vijftien melkveebedrijven die verkort of niet droogzetten.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed April 14, 2021.
http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/277380.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Dort, A J van. “Karakterisering van vijftien melkveebedrijven die verkort of niet droogzetten.” 2013. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Dort AJv. Karakterisering van vijftien melkveebedrijven die verkort of niet droogzetten. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/277380.
Council of Science Editors:
Dort AJv. Karakterisering van vijftien melkveebedrijven die verkort of niet droogzetten. [Masters Thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2013. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/277380
Texas A&M University
10.
Chavez, Theresa Marie.
Adjusting Milk Replacer Intake During Heat Stress and Non-heat Stress as a Means of Improving Dairy Calf Performance.
Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-05-9420
► The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of heat stress and varying levels of milk replacer on dairy calf performance. Holstein bull…
(more)
▼ The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of
heat stress and varying levels of milk replacer on
dairy calf performance. Holstein bull calves ≤ 2 d of age were randomly assigned housing, outside under a covered area,
heat stress (HS), or inside a controlled environment, non-
heat stress (NHS), to test for
heat stress effects on growth. Calves were also assigned to one of three feeding strategies: increasing amounts of milk replacer from 1.1% body weight (BW) to 1.5% BW (INC), constant at 1.1% BW (CON), or decreasing from 1.6% BW to 1.2% BW (DEC), adjusted weekly, commencing on day 9 of feeding and ending on day 40. Milk replacer amounts were adjusted twice weekly after weighing. Calves had ad libitum access to commercial starter feed and water. Starter intake, water intake, and fecal score (1 to 4) were recorded daily. Respiration rates and rectal temperatures were recorded twice daily at 0600h and 1800h. Average daily gain was greater (P < 0.01) for NHS (0.79 ± 0.03 kg/d) compared to HS (0.66 ± 0.03 kg/d) The NHS calves consumed more starter (P < 0.01) than HS (1.77 vs 1.16 ± 0.06 kg/d. Water consumption averaged 3923 ± 105 mL/d for HS which was greater (P < 0.01) than NHS (2338 ± 105 mL/d). No significant differences were observed among the feeding treatment groups for weight gain (P = 0.73). Milk replacer levels had a significant impact (P < 0.01) on the amount of calf starter consumed with CON consuming the most (1.64 ± 0.07 kg/d), followed by INC (1.44 ± 0.07) and DEC consuming the least (1.34 ± 0.07 kg/d). Water intake was also significantly impacted by milk replacer levels (P < 0.01). Calves in the DEC group consumed the least amount of starter, and consumed more water (3657 ± 129 mL/d) than both INC calves (3119 ± 129 mL/d) and CON calves (2614 ± 129 mL/d). Overall, housing has an impact on growth in neonatal
dairy calves; however, milk replacer levels did not impact growth of the calves.
Advisors/Committee Members: Holub, Glenn A. (advisor), Wickersham, Tryon A. (advisor), Sawyer, Jason E. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Dairy Calves; Heat Stress; Milk Replacer
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APA (6th Edition):
Chavez, T. M. (2012). Adjusting Milk Replacer Intake During Heat Stress and Non-heat Stress as a Means of Improving Dairy Calf Performance. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-05-9420
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chavez, Theresa Marie. “Adjusting Milk Replacer Intake During Heat Stress and Non-heat Stress as a Means of Improving Dairy Calf Performance.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 14, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-05-9420.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chavez, Theresa Marie. “Adjusting Milk Replacer Intake During Heat Stress and Non-heat Stress as a Means of Improving Dairy Calf Performance.” 2012. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Chavez TM. Adjusting Milk Replacer Intake During Heat Stress and Non-heat Stress as a Means of Improving Dairy Calf Performance. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-05-9420.
Council of Science Editors:
Chavez TM. Adjusting Milk Replacer Intake During Heat Stress and Non-heat Stress as a Means of Improving Dairy Calf Performance. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-05-9420
University of Florida
11.
Senn, Bethany Margaret Dado.
RNA-Seq Reveals Novel Genes and Pathways Involved in Bovine Mammary Involution during the Dry Period and under Environmental Heat Stress.
Degree: MS, Animal Molecular and Cellular Biology, 2018, University of Florida
URL: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0052297
► The aim of this thesis was to characterize genes, pathways, and regulators involved in mammary involution and redevelopment during the bovine dry period and to…
(more)
▼ The aim of this thesis was to characterize genes, pathways, and regulators involved in mammary involution and redevelopment during the bovine
dry period and to determine how exposure to environmental
heat stress impacts this dynamic process. The objective of Chapter 1 is to review literature that uncovers physiological mechanisms controlling the bovine
dry period, specifically involution and redevelopment, linking the impacts of
heat stress on cellular turnover and subsequent milk production. It highlights histological characteristics and molecular factors of mammary involution and redevelopment. When undergoing these changes, the gland is sensitive to
heat stress perturbation, thus the effect of
heat stress both during lactation and the
dry period on production, health, and gene expression was evaluated. Finally, RNA-sequencing was discussed as a tool to uncover the transcriptome of the bovine mammary gland undergoing these alterations. Chapter 2 describes the outcomes of an RNA-sequencing experiment conducted to determine mammary gene expression changes across the
dry period and under
heat stress insult. Mammary biopsies were collected before and during the
dry period from
heat stressed or cooled late-lactation, pregnant cows under a 46-d
dry-
period. RNA-Sequencing was conducted, and differentially expressed genes were analyzed under a false-discovery rate 5%. Changes in genes, pathways, and regulators during involution indicate downregulation of mammary metabolism, and upregulation of cell death and immune response. Compared to cooled cows,
dry period heat-stressed cows had altered expression of genes and regulators involved in ductal branching, cell death, immune function, and
stress protection, potentially impairing mammary development and function. ( en )
Advisors/Committee Members: LAPORTA,JIMENA (committee chair), DAHL,GEOFFREY E (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: dairy – heat-stress – involution – rna-seq
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APA (6th Edition):
Senn, B. M. D. (2018). RNA-Seq Reveals Novel Genes and Pathways Involved in Bovine Mammary Involution during the Dry Period and under Environmental Heat Stress. (Masters Thesis). University of Florida. Retrieved from https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0052297
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Senn, Bethany Margaret Dado. “RNA-Seq Reveals Novel Genes and Pathways Involved in Bovine Mammary Involution during the Dry Period and under Environmental Heat Stress.” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of Florida. Accessed April 14, 2021.
https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0052297.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Senn, Bethany Margaret Dado. “RNA-Seq Reveals Novel Genes and Pathways Involved in Bovine Mammary Involution during the Dry Period and under Environmental Heat Stress.” 2018. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Senn BMD. RNA-Seq Reveals Novel Genes and Pathways Involved in Bovine Mammary Involution during the Dry Period and under Environmental Heat Stress. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Florida; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0052297.
Council of Science Editors:
Senn BMD. RNA-Seq Reveals Novel Genes and Pathways Involved in Bovine Mammary Involution during the Dry Period and under Environmental Heat Stress. [Masters Thesis]. University of Florida; 2018. Available from: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0052297
University of Arizona
12.
Ortiz de Janon, Xavier Alejandro.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Novel Dairy Cooling Systems, Their Cooling Efficiency and Impact on Lactating Dairy Cow Physiology and Performance
.
Degree: 2016, University of Arizona
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/604863
► Cooling systems used to reduce heat stress in dairy operations require high energy, water usage, or both. Steady increases in electricity costs and reduction of…
(more)
▼ Cooling systems used to reduce
heat stress in
dairy operations require high energy, water usage, or both. Steady increases in electricity costs and reduction of water availability and an increase in water usage regulations require evaluation of passive cooling systems to cool cows and reduce use of water and electricity. A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of
heat exchangers buried as components in a conductive system for cooling cows. In the first experiment six cows were housed in environmentally controlled rooms with tiestall beds, which were equipped with a
heat exchanger and filled with 25 cm of either sand or dried manure. Beds were connected to supply and return lines and individually controlled. Two beds (one per each kind of bedding material) constituted a control group (water off), and the other 4 (2 sand and 2 dried manure) used water at 7°C passing through the
heat exchangers (water on). The experiment was divided in 2 periods of 40 d, and each
period involved 3 repetitions of 3 different climates (hot and
dry, thermo neutral, and hot and humid). Each cow was randomly assigned to a different treatment after each repetition was over. Sand bedding remained cooler than dried manure bedding in all environments and at all levels of cooling (water on or off). Results from this experiment demonstrated that bed temperatures were lower and
heat flux higher during the bed treatment with sand and water on. We also detected a reduction in core body temperatures, respiration rates, rectal temperatures, and skin temperatures of those cows during the sand and water on treatment. Feed intake and milk yield numerically increased during the bed treatment with sand and water on for all climates. No major changes were observed in the lying time of cows or the composition of the milk produced. The efficiency of conductive cooling as a
heat abatement technique in
dairy production is highly correlated with the distance between the cooling system and the skin of the cow and the type of bedding material used. A second experiment was conducted to identify possible improvements in the utilization of conductive cooling for cooling cows.
Heat exchangers buried 12.7 cm below the surface as components in a conductive system ware evaluated in this study. Six cows were housed in environmentally controlled rooms with tie-stall beds, which were equipped with a
heat exchanger and filled with 12.7 cm of either sand or dried manure. Beds were connected to supply and return lines and individually controlled. Two beds (one per bedding material type) constituted a control group (water OFF), and the other four (two sand and two dried manure) used water at 7°C passing through the
heat exchangers (water ON). The experiment was divided into two periods of 40 days and each
period involved three repetitions of three different climates hot
dry (HD), thermo neutral(TN) and hot humid (HH). Each cow was randomly assigned to a different treatment after each repetition was over. The sand and water on treatment was the most efficient…
Advisors/Committee Members: Collier, Robert J (advisor), Collier, Robert J. (committeemember), Cuneo, Peder S. (committeemember), Faulkner, Dan B. (committeemember), Kacira, Murat (committeemember), Limesand, Sean W. (committeemember).
Subjects/Keywords: Dairy Cow;
Heat Stress;
Animal Sciences;
Cooling
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APA (6th Edition):
Ortiz de Janon, X. A. (2016). A Comprehensive Analysis of Novel Dairy Cooling Systems, Their Cooling Efficiency and Impact on Lactating Dairy Cow Physiology and Performance
. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/604863
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ortiz de Janon, Xavier Alejandro. “A Comprehensive Analysis of Novel Dairy Cooling Systems, Their Cooling Efficiency and Impact on Lactating Dairy Cow Physiology and Performance
.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed April 14, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/604863.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ortiz de Janon, Xavier Alejandro. “A Comprehensive Analysis of Novel Dairy Cooling Systems, Their Cooling Efficiency and Impact on Lactating Dairy Cow Physiology and Performance
.” 2016. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Ortiz de Janon XA. A Comprehensive Analysis of Novel Dairy Cooling Systems, Their Cooling Efficiency and Impact on Lactating Dairy Cow Physiology and Performance
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/604863.
Council of Science Editors:
Ortiz de Janon XA. A Comprehensive Analysis of Novel Dairy Cooling Systems, Their Cooling Efficiency and Impact on Lactating Dairy Cow Physiology and Performance
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/604863
Kansas State University
13.
Voelz, Benjamin.
Heat stress
and uterine disease: Stressors influencing reproduction of dairy
cattle.
Degree: PhD, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2017, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36195
► Reproduction is an important part of a dairy operation that directly affects milk production and profitability. Fertility of high-producing dairy cows is less than desired.…
(more)
▼ Reproduction is an important part of a
dairy operation
that directly affects milk production and profitability. Fertility
of high-producing
dairy cows is less than desired. Reproductive
efficiency is further impaired during summer months and after cows
develop postpartum uterine disease.
Heat stress and uterine disease
act as stressors that negatively influence fertility of
dairy
cattle through a variety of mechanisms. This dissertation further
investigates the negative effects of
heat stress and uterine
disease on reproduction, as well as examines two potential markers
for predicting risk of developing uterine disease. Study 1
investigated the treatment of lactating
dairy cows with
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) before first insemination
during
heat stress. Two experiments were performed to compare
ovarian responses, pregnancy per artificial insemination (AI), and
patterns of insemination of two estrus detection-based
presynchronization protocols before first AI during summer
heat
stress. Treatment of cows with GnRH during summer
heat stress
altered ovarian response and pattern of insemination, however, did
not improve pregnancy per AI. Study 2 evaluated ovarian response to
treatment with GnRH and the odds of bearing a corpus luteum or
being inseminated in cows with or without purulent vaginal
discharge (PVD). Furthermore, hazard of insemination after
administration of prostaglandin F2α was evaluated in
dairy cows
with or without PVD. Ovarian response was altered in cows with PVD
compared with cows without PVD. Odds of bearing a corpus luteum or
being inseminated was not associated with PVD in primiparous cows,
whereas it was associated with PVD in multiparous cows. Hazard of
insemination after prostaglandin F2α was not associated with PVD.
Study 3 investigated arginase and matrix metalloproteinase-8
(MMP-8) as potential markers for metritis. Activity of arginase 7
days before parturition has been identified as a potential marker
for the risk of developing metritis in
dairy cows. In contrast,
MMP-8 was not associated with the risk of developing metritis,
therefore, MMP-8 is not a good candidate as a marker for metritis.
Further research is warranted in the areas of reproductive
physiology,
heat stress, and uterine disease because several
unanswered questions still exist. Improving fertility during times
of
heat stress and after the occurrence of postpartum uterine
disease will improve milk production, animal welfare, and
profitability of
dairy farms across the world.
Advisors/Committee Members: Luis G. Mendonca.
Subjects/Keywords: Heat
stress; Uterine
disease; Dairy
cow;
Reproduction
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APA (6th Edition):
Voelz, B. (2017). Heat stress
and uterine disease: Stressors influencing reproduction of dairy
cattle. (Doctoral Dissertation). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36195
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Voelz, Benjamin. “Heat stress
and uterine disease: Stressors influencing reproduction of dairy
cattle.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Kansas State University. Accessed April 14, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36195.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Voelz, Benjamin. “Heat stress
and uterine disease: Stressors influencing reproduction of dairy
cattle.” 2017. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Voelz B. Heat stress
and uterine disease: Stressors influencing reproduction of dairy
cattle. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36195.
Council of Science Editors:
Voelz B. Heat stress
and uterine disease: Stressors influencing reproduction of dairy
cattle. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36195
Virginia Tech
14.
Brown, Britni M.
Periconceptional Heat Stress of Holstein Cows Affects Subsequent Production Parameters Measured During Adulthood.
Degree: MS, Animal and Poultry Sciences, 2013, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23749
► Periconceptional heat stress is known to reduce the likelihood of establishing pregnancy; however, some conceptuses will survive. Of the pregnancies that continue to term, a…
(more)
▼ Periconceptional
heat stress is known to reduce the likelihood of establishing pregnancy; however, some conceptuses will survive. Of the pregnancies that continue to term, a proportion will be heifers which are retained as replacement animals. Alterations that occur as a result of exposure to thermal
stress during such critical stages in development likely result in differential performance between the
heat stress-conceieved (HSC) cows and thermoneutral-conceived (TNC) cows. National
Dairy Herd Improvement Association data was obtained from
Dairy Records Management Systems. Records (n =14,189,891) included cows born between 1977 and 2010 in FL, GA, SC, MS, LA, AL, and TX. Records were edited to include only Holsteins born between 2000 and 2010 (n = 704,419). Conception dates were calculated by subtracting 276 d from the recorded birth date. Records for cows conceived within the months of June, July, and August were retained as HSC cows; cows conceived within the months of December, January, and February were retained as TNC contemporaries. Significant differences (P<0.01) in mature-equivalent milk yield were observed in all first lactation cows, and in cows that were retained within one herd for three lactations. In the latter group alterations in milk compositions were statistically significant (P<0.01), but not biologically so. Furthermore, significant differences (P<0.01) in days open were observed in cows retained within one herd for three lactations. The effects of periconceptional
heat stress were particularly noticeable during seasonal comparisons, with HSC cows seemingly having an advantage in subsequent episodes of
heat stress.
Advisors/Committee Members: Rhoads, Michelle (committeechair), James, Robert E. (committee member), Cassell, Bennet G. (committee member), Knight, James W. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: dairy cow; heat stress; reproduction; lactation
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APA (6th Edition):
Brown, B. M. (2013). Periconceptional Heat Stress of Holstein Cows Affects Subsequent Production Parameters Measured During Adulthood. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23749
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Brown, Britni M. “Periconceptional Heat Stress of Holstein Cows Affects Subsequent Production Parameters Measured During Adulthood.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed April 14, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23749.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Brown, Britni M. “Periconceptional Heat Stress of Holstein Cows Affects Subsequent Production Parameters Measured During Adulthood.” 2013. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Brown BM. Periconceptional Heat Stress of Holstein Cows Affects Subsequent Production Parameters Measured During Adulthood. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23749.
Council of Science Editors:
Brown BM. Periconceptional Heat Stress of Holstein Cows Affects Subsequent Production Parameters Measured During Adulthood. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23749
University of Guelph
15.
Campos, Ivan.
Genetic and phenotypic analyses of heat tolerance in Canadian Holstein cattle.
Degree: MS, Department of Animal Biosciences, 2020, University of Guelph
URL: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/21281
► Heat stress is the major issue accompanying climatic changes to all agriculture sectors. For the dairy industry, additional attention is paid, since high producing cows…
(more)
▼ Heat stress is the major issue accompanying climatic changes to all agriculture sectors. For the
dairy industry, additional attention is paid, since high producing cows have lower thermal tolerance. This thesis presents the identification of temperature-humidity index (THI) thresholds where milk production starts to decrease in Ontario and Quebec, the genetic parameter estimates for
heat tolerance in the Canadian Holstein population, and, the potential re-ranking of breeding values when accounting for
heat tolerance in the genetic evaluation model. Average THI thresholds of 68, 60, and 57 for milk, protein, and fat yield were identified, respectively. A negative genetic correlation between general additive genetic effect and additive genetic effect for
heat tolerance was observed, which shows the antagonistic relationship between production and
heat tolerance. Genetic variability for
heat tolerance, as well as substantial re-ranking of estimated breeding values were observed especially for high THI. Therefore, selection for
heat tolerance is possible and would be particularly interesting for environments with a high average THI.
Advisors/Committee Members: Schenkel, Flavio (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: dairy cow; heat stress; temperature-humidity index
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APA (6th Edition):
Campos, I. (2020). Genetic and phenotypic analyses of heat tolerance in Canadian Holstein cattle. (Masters Thesis). University of Guelph. Retrieved from https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/21281
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Campos, Ivan. “Genetic and phenotypic analyses of heat tolerance in Canadian Holstein cattle.” 2020. Masters Thesis, University of Guelph. Accessed April 14, 2021.
https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/21281.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Campos, Ivan. “Genetic and phenotypic analyses of heat tolerance in Canadian Holstein cattle.” 2020. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Campos I. Genetic and phenotypic analyses of heat tolerance in Canadian Holstein cattle. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Guelph; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/21281.
Council of Science Editors:
Campos I. Genetic and phenotypic analyses of heat tolerance in Canadian Holstein cattle. [Masters Thesis]. University of Guelph; 2020. Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/21281
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
16.
Parés i Riera, Silvia.
Strategies for the optimization of cow dry period.
Degree: Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, 2017, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458660
► Dairy cows need a dry period between lactations in order to achieve high production levels on the next lactation. During the dry period, specially in…
(more)
▼ Dairy cows need a
dry period between lactations in order to achieve high production levels on the next lactation. During the
dry period, specially in high-productive animals, the mammary gland is more susceptible to contract infections that produce discomfort to the animal and economical losses to the farmer. In order to avoid intramammary infections, the common practice is to infuse antibiotics at
dry off as a preventive treatment, contributing to the emergence of bacterial resistances. Thus, it is interesting to find new strategies in order to optimize
dry period and avoid preventive antibiotic use.
In this thesis, we worked on three strategies to enhance immunity and accelerate involution of the mammary gland at
dry-off. The first strategy is based on the infusion of the acute phase protein M-SAA3, which has been proven useful as an activator of the immune system and a stimulator of mammary involution. For this, we optimized the recombinant production of endotoxin-free M-SAA3 in order to allow its administration in vivo. The second strategy involves the administration of recombinant MMP9 nanoparticles that are more stable than its soluble counterpart, and also show a slow-release pattern and thus a longer effect. MMP9 is the main responsible protein for disaggregation of ECM and thus involution of the mammary gland. Our results proved its functionality in vivo. The third strategy involves the systemic administration of cabergoline, a prolactin blocker, in order to accelerate the cessation of milk production at
dry off; and also the analysis of tissular factors involved in involution and regeneration after cabergoline administration to assure that mammary involution and regeneration are not compromised. Finally, on the last study we evaluated the tissular differences between PMC and MPC producing high or low levels of milk on apoptosis and senescence factors amongst others, to find differences that would suggest new research lines in order to find more specific therapies for each group.
Advisors/Committee Members: [email protected] (authoremail), true (authoremailshow), Arís Giralt, Anna (director), Bassols Teixidó, Anna Maria (director), true (authorsendemail).
Subjects/Keywords: Eixugat; Secado; Dry period; Mamitis; Mastitits; Vaca; Dairy cow; Ciències de la Salut; 619
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APA (6th Edition):
Parés i Riera, S. (2017). Strategies for the optimization of cow dry period. (Thesis). Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458660
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Parés i Riera, Silvia. “Strategies for the optimization of cow dry period.” 2017. Thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Accessed April 14, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458660.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Parés i Riera, Silvia. “Strategies for the optimization of cow dry period.” 2017. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Parés i Riera S. Strategies for the optimization of cow dry period. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458660.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Parés i Riera S. Strategies for the optimization of cow dry period. [Thesis]. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458660
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Florida
17.
Perez Baez, Johanny Maribel.
Association between Dry Matter Intake Pre and Postparum and Postparum Diseases in Dairy Cows.
Degree: MS, Veterinary Medical Sciences - Veterinary Medicine, 2015, University of Florida
URL: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0049360
► The transition period is characterized by an increase in the demand of nutrients in order to meet the requirements for the finals stages of gestation,…
(more)
▼ The transition
period is characterized by an increase in the demand of nutrients in order to meet the requirements for the finals stages of gestation, and the initiation of lactation. The objectives of this study were to determine the association between
dry matter intake (DMI) pre (-14 d) and postpartum (28 d) and postpartum diseases [dystocia, retained placenta (RP), metritis (MET), mastitis (MAST), ketosis (KET), and displaced abomasum (DA)]. Data involving 294 cows from 7 experiments were collected. The data were analyzed with PROC MIXED and GLIMMIX of SAS. Random and repeated variables were cow, and day relative to calving, respectively. Models were adjusted for parity, BCS, evaporating cooling, experiment, and interactions between each disease or disorder and other covariates. P < or equal 0.05 were considered significant. Cows that had dystocia had a tendency to eat more during prepartum (P = 0.09) and ate less on days 11, 12, and 13 postpartum (dystocia x day P = 0.04). Cows that had RP ate less on d -3 and tendency on day -2 (RP x day P = 0.01), and ate less during the postpartum
period (P < 0.01). Cows that had MET ate less on d -3, -2, and 1 (MET x day P = 0.03) before calving, and ate less during postpartum
period (P < 0.01). Cows that had MAST ate less prepartum from days -5 to -1 and had tendencies on days -6 and -10 (MAST x day P < 0.01), and on d 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 13 postpartum with tendencies on d 5, 12, 14 and 15 (MAST x day P<0.01). Cows that had KET ate less during prepartum except on d -8, -10, and -13 (KET x day < 0.01) and during postpartum (P < 0.01). Intake of cows that had DA did not differ prepartum (P = 0.70) but they ate less postpartum (P < 0.01). Cows with at least one disease ate less pre and postpartum (P < 0.01). Collectively, these data suggest that there is an association between DMI pre and postpartum and postpartum diseases. ( en )
Advisors/Committee Members: GALVAO,KLIBS NEBLAN ALVES (committee chair), HERNANDEZ,JORGE A (committee member), SANTOS,JOSE EDUARDO (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Calving; Dairy cattle; Diseases; Dry matter intake; Dystocia; Ketosis; Mastitis; Milk; Milk yield; Retained placenta; dairy-cows – transition-period
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APA (6th Edition):
Perez Baez, J. M. (2015). Association between Dry Matter Intake Pre and Postparum and Postparum Diseases in Dairy Cows. (Masters Thesis). University of Florida. Retrieved from https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0049360
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Perez Baez, Johanny Maribel. “Association between Dry Matter Intake Pre and Postparum and Postparum Diseases in Dairy Cows.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Florida. Accessed April 14, 2021.
https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0049360.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Perez Baez, Johanny Maribel. “Association between Dry Matter Intake Pre and Postparum and Postparum Diseases in Dairy Cows.” 2015. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Perez Baez JM. Association between Dry Matter Intake Pre and Postparum and Postparum Diseases in Dairy Cows. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Florida; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0049360.
Council of Science Editors:
Perez Baez JM. Association between Dry Matter Intake Pre and Postparum and Postparum Diseases in Dairy Cows. [Masters Thesis]. University of Florida; 2015. Available from: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0049360
Utah State University
18.
Kelley, Alexandra Windley.
Physiological Impacts and Lactational Performance of Dairy Cow Fed Brown Midrib Corn Silage During Dry Period Through Early to Midlactation.
Degree: MS, Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 2014, Utah State University
URL: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4027
► Developing solutions to the metabolic stress experienced by cows during the transition period is very important because it can negatively influence lactational performance. The…
(more)
▼ Developing solutions to the metabolic
stress experienced by cows during the transition
period is very important because it can negatively influence lactational performance. The objectives were to: 1) compare physiological changes through body weight (BW) and concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and 2) evaluate feed intake, milk production, and energy balance (EB) of cows fed brown midrib corn silage (BMRCS)-based diets when compared with conventional corn silage (CCS)-based diets during the transition. At 4 wk prior to parturition, 40
dry multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned treatments. The treatment groups consisted of 2 close-up transition diets (CCS-based and BMRCS-based diet) offered to 2 groups of 20 cows each beginning at 4 wk prepartum. After calving, 10 cows from each prepartum group were individually fed one of four dietary treatments. The four dietary treatments postpartum were defined as follows: 1) CC = CCS-based close-up diet + CCS-based lactation diet; 2) CB = CCS-based close-up diet + BMRCS-based lactation diet; 3) BB = BMRCS-based close-up diet + BMRCS-based lactation diet; 4) BC = BMRCS-based close-up diet + CCS-based lactation diet. Cows were sampled weekly for feed intake, and feed composition was taken monthly. After calving, milk yields were recorded daily and milk components were analyzed monthly. Body weights were taken twice per week on wk -4, -2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20. Blood serum was sampled 3 times per week from wk -4 through 4 and then on wk 6, 8, 14, and 20. Rumen fluid was sampled on wk -4, 4, 8, 14, and 20. Feeding BMRCS-based diets during the transition did have a positive influence on
dry matter intake, milk production, and energy balance. Interestingly, feeding BMRCS-based diets only during the close-up
period and feeding a CCS-based diet during the lactation had similar positive effects as feeding a BMRCS-based diet through the
dry period and during the lactation. This finding is meaningful because producers, especially in the Intermountain West, have experienced BMR crop yields that have been less than that of conventional crop yields and may be unwilling to utilize BMRCS in
dairy rations. However, if feeding a BMRCS-based diet for a limited amount of time is beneficial, producers could be more willing to utilize this silage hybrid as an important transition
period management tool.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jong-Su Eun, ;.
Subjects/Keywords: Lactation; Cows; Performance of Dairy Cows; Brown Midrib Corn Silage; corn silage; dry period; early to midlactation; Agriculture; Dairy Science
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APA (6th Edition):
Kelley, A. W. (2014). Physiological Impacts and Lactational Performance of Dairy Cow Fed Brown Midrib Corn Silage During Dry Period Through Early to Midlactation. (Masters Thesis). Utah State University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4027
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kelley, Alexandra Windley. “Physiological Impacts and Lactational Performance of Dairy Cow Fed Brown Midrib Corn Silage During Dry Period Through Early to Midlactation.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Utah State University. Accessed April 14, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4027.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kelley, Alexandra Windley. “Physiological Impacts and Lactational Performance of Dairy Cow Fed Brown Midrib Corn Silage During Dry Period Through Early to Midlactation.” 2014. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Kelley AW. Physiological Impacts and Lactational Performance of Dairy Cow Fed Brown Midrib Corn Silage During Dry Period Through Early to Midlactation. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Utah State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4027.
Council of Science Editors:
Kelley AW. Physiological Impacts and Lactational Performance of Dairy Cow Fed Brown Midrib Corn Silage During Dry Period Through Early to Midlactation. [Masters Thesis]. Utah State University; 2014. Available from: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4027
Cornell University
19.
Perano, Kristen Michelle.
Conductive Cooling System to Mitigate Heat Stress in Dairy Cattle.
Degree: PhD, Biological and Environmental Engineering, 2020, Cornell University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/102944
► The objective of this research was to design and test a novel conductive cooling system for controlling heat stress in lactating dairy cows by circulating…
(more)
▼ The objective of this research was to design and test a novel conductive cooling system for controlling
heat stress in lactating
dairy cows by circulating chilled water through modified DCC waterbeds (Dual Chamber Cow Waterbeds). The system was tested to determine (1) the
heat flux between the cooled waterbeds and the cows; (2) the production benefit to
heat-stressed
dairy cows; (3) the sensitivity of moisture accumulation and
heat flux to type and thickness of bedding; and (4) the potential economic benefit. The calculated
heat flux of the system was 439 W/m2 when the temperature of the circulating water in the waterbeds was 4.5ºC and was 382 W/m2 when the circulating water temperature was 10.0ºC. This was for live cows and about 1 cm of sawdust bedding. This amount of
heat flux is significant compared to the amount of metabolic
heat a lactating cow must lose. Conductively cooling the cows with 4.5°C water decreased core body temperature by 1.0°C (p < 0.001), decreased respiration rate by 18 breaths/min (p < 0.001), increased milk yield by 5% (p = 0.04), and increased
dry matter intake (DMI) by 14% (p < 0.001) when compared to the control. Cooled cows also spent an additional 0.8 hours lying down during the daytime (9 am to 5 pm) compared to the control cows. A sensitivity analysis was performed to compare moisture accumulation rate and
heat flux for two types of bedding (sand and sawdust) at four thicknesses each (0.5, 2.5, 7.5 and 20 cm). In both bedding types, moisture from condensation accumulated in the bedding at 0.5-cm thickness but was mostly eliminated by 2.5-cm or greater thickness.
Heat flux decreased exponentially as bedding thickness increased. However, 2.5-cm thick bedding (sufficient to control condensation) still allowed adequate
heat flux. An economic assessment of the conductive cooling system predicted a net positive return on investment in climates with six months per year of
heat stress conditions but a net negative return in climates with two months per year of
heat stress. Future research will include improvements in the design of conductive cooling systems to be more thermodynamically efficient and more economically favorable.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gebremedhin, Kifle G. (chair), Anderson, C. Lindsay (committee member), Overton, Thomas R. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: conductive cooling; dairy production; heat flux; heat stress
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APA (6th Edition):
Perano, K. M. (2020). Conductive Cooling System to Mitigate Heat Stress in Dairy Cattle. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/102944
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Perano, Kristen Michelle. “Conductive Cooling System to Mitigate Heat Stress in Dairy Cattle.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, Cornell University. Accessed April 14, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1813/102944.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Perano, Kristen Michelle. “Conductive Cooling System to Mitigate Heat Stress in Dairy Cattle.” 2020. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Perano KM. Conductive Cooling System to Mitigate Heat Stress in Dairy Cattle. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cornell University; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/102944.
Council of Science Editors:
Perano KM. Conductive Cooling System to Mitigate Heat Stress in Dairy Cattle. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cornell University; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/102944
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
20.
MEZZETTI, MATTEO.
Nuove indagini sul metabolismo e la risposta immunitaria dalla messa in asciutta all'avvio di lattazione.
Degree: 2019, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10280/59476
► Il sistema immunitario è costituito da una varietà di cellule, molecole e processi biologici che interagiscono per prevenire le invasioni microbiche, riconoscere le molecole estranee…
(more)
▼ Il sistema immunitario è costituito da una varietà di cellule, molecole e processi biologici che interagiscono per prevenire le invasioni microbiche, riconoscere le molecole estranee ed eliminare le fonti esistenti di lesioni cellulari, ripristinando le normali funzioni tissutali una volta risolto il problema. L'immunità innata è la prima linea di difesa contro le invasioni di agenti patogeni. Nelle vacche da latte, il suo funzionamento subisce gravi alterazioni durante il periodo di transizione (TP). In questa fase è stata segnalata una compromissione delle funzioni delle cellule polimorfonucleate (PMN) correlate alla produzione di metaboliti reattivi dell'ossigeno (ROM), all’attività della mieloperossidasi (MPO), alla chemiotassi e alla fagocitosi. I PMN bovini hanno un alterata espressione dei geni codificanti per tali funzioni tra -1 e 2 settimane dal parto, rispetto al livello rilevato 4 settimane dopo il parto per gli stessi geni. La causa esatta delle disfunzioni immunitarie che si verificano nel periparto non è mai stata chiaramente identificata. In esse possono contribuire diversi fattori, principalmente imputati alle alterazioni metaboliche tipiche del periparto (cambiamenti nell’assetto ormonale, limitazione della risposta immunitaria materna al fine di mantenere la gravidanza, alterazioni nel bilancio energetico e stato di
stress ossidativo). Tuttavia, la durata e l’entità delle disfunzioni immunitarie può aumentare qualora subentri uno stato di squilibrio fisiologico (PI). In tali condizioni, le alterazioni metaboliche del periparto sfuggono al controllo dei meccanismi omeostatici e omeoretici, ed una infiammazione sistemica è la conseguenza frequente di questo squilibrio. Lo stato infiammatorio sistemico è scatenato da un aumento dei livelli di citochine proinfiammatorie (PIC), che è collegato ad un aumento della temperatura corporea al parto, e che tipicamente inficia le funzionalità epatiche, modificando le priorità anaboliche dell'organo in fase di inizio lattazione. A seguito di tale slittamento, il fegato produce più α-globuline, note come proteine positive di fase acuta (+APP), cioè aptoglobina, ceruloplasmina e siero amiloide alfa (SAA). Al contrario, riduce la sintesi di albumina, retinol binding protein (RBP), paraoxonasi (PON) e lipoproteine, note come proteine negative di fase acuta (-APP), e sequestra minerali, quali zinco e ferro, dal flusso ematico. L'infiammazione porta all'attivazione dei PMN, mentre la ridotta competenza immunitaria comunemente riportata in TP è stata associata ad un effetto opposto sui leucociti. Pertanto, questi dovrebbero essere considerati come due fenomeni distinti, ma lo stato di PI potrebbe essere considerato un denominatore comune, direttamente correlato al rischio di patologie in avvio di lattazione. Le strategie nutrizionali per ottimizzare l'immunità delle vacche da latte durante il TP dovrebbero quindi essere focalizzate sulla riduzione del grado di PI correlato al parto. Tra tali strategie nutrizionali, dovrebbe essere presa in considerazione la corretta…
Advisors/Committee Members: TREVISAN, MARCO, TREVISI, ERMINIO, MINUTI, ANDREA, PICCIOLI-CAPPELLI, FIORENZO.
Subjects/Keywords: AGR/19: ZOOTECNICA SPECIALE; VET/02: FISIOLOGIA VETERINARIA; Immune dysfunctions, peripartum, dairy cows, innate immunity, dry-off, inflammation, metabolic stress, immune response, lipid metabolism, liver function, immune stimulant, metabolic disorders, transition period
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
MEZZETTI, M. (2019). Nuove indagini sul metabolismo e la risposta immunitaria dalla messa in asciutta all'avvio di lattazione. (Doctoral Dissertation). Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10280/59476
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
MEZZETTI, MATTEO. “Nuove indagini sul metabolismo e la risposta immunitaria dalla messa in asciutta all'avvio di lattazione.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Accessed April 14, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10280/59476.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
MEZZETTI, MATTEO. “Nuove indagini sul metabolismo e la risposta immunitaria dalla messa in asciutta all'avvio di lattazione.” 2019. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
MEZZETTI M. Nuove indagini sul metabolismo e la risposta immunitaria dalla messa in asciutta all'avvio di lattazione. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10280/59476.
Council of Science Editors:
MEZZETTI M. Nuove indagini sul metabolismo e la risposta immunitaria dalla messa in asciutta all'avvio di lattazione. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10280/59476
University of Florida
21.
Gomes, Gabriel Carvalho.
Effects of Evaporative Cooling Prepartum and Vitamin E Supplementation on Performance and Immune Function of Holstein Cows under Heat Stress Conditions.
Degree: MS, Animal Molecular and Cellular Biology, 2014, University of Florida
URL: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0047270
► Objectives were to evaluate the effects of vitamin E supplementation above the National Research Council recommendations to cows housed with shade but no-cooling (NC) or…
(more)
▼ Objectives were to evaluate the effects of vitamin E supplementation above the National Research Council recommendations to cows housed with shade but no-cooling (NC) or shade plus evaporative cooling (EC) provided by fans and sprinklers during the last 30 days of gestation on performance, immunity, and health. Holstein cows were blocked by parity, milk yield (parous), and body weight (nulliparous) and, within each block, randomly assigned to treatments arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial. After calving, all cows were housed with shade and evaporative cooling. Vitamin E was supplemented daily at 1,000 IU prepartum and 500 IU postpartum as the moderate vitamin E (M) treatment or 3,000 IU prepartum and 2,000 IU postpartum as the high vitamin E (H) treatment. Prepartum evaporative cooling and pre- and postpartum supplementation of large amounts of vitamin E did not improve lactation performance. However, interactions between evaporative cooling prepartum, vitamin E and parity suggest that vitamin E requirements vary according to environmental conditions and cow parity, probably because of the differences in production and metabolic rates, which culminates in different levels of oxidative
stress challenge. Providing cows with EC did not reduce the incidence of diseases, but decreased peripheral blood mononuclear cell count and improved humoral immunity. Feeding H increased concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides in plasma in the prepartum
period, the proportion of T lymphocytes from blood that synthetized interferon-gamma prepartum in vitro, and reduced the incidence of cows experiencing ketosis postpartum. ( en )
Advisors/Committee Members: SANTOS,JOSE EDUARDO (committee chair), DAHL,GEOFFREY E (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Cooling; Dairy cattle; Evaporative cooling; Heat stress disorders; Lactation; Milk; Neutrophils; Pregnancy; Tocopherols; Vitamin E; dairy – heat-stress – vitamin-e
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APA (6th Edition):
Gomes, G. C. (2014). Effects of Evaporative Cooling Prepartum and Vitamin E Supplementation on Performance and Immune Function of Holstein Cows under Heat Stress Conditions. (Masters Thesis). University of Florida. Retrieved from https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0047270
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gomes, Gabriel Carvalho. “Effects of Evaporative Cooling Prepartum and Vitamin E Supplementation on Performance and Immune Function of Holstein Cows under Heat Stress Conditions.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Florida. Accessed April 14, 2021.
https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0047270.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gomes, Gabriel Carvalho. “Effects of Evaporative Cooling Prepartum and Vitamin E Supplementation on Performance and Immune Function of Holstein Cows under Heat Stress Conditions.” 2014. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Gomes GC. Effects of Evaporative Cooling Prepartum and Vitamin E Supplementation on Performance and Immune Function of Holstein Cows under Heat Stress Conditions. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Florida; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0047270.
Council of Science Editors:
Gomes GC. Effects of Evaporative Cooling Prepartum and Vitamin E Supplementation on Performance and Immune Function of Holstein Cows under Heat Stress Conditions. [Masters Thesis]. University of Florida; 2014. Available from: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0047270
University of Manitoba
22.
Khazanehei, Hamidreza.
Impacts of reducing the dry period to 40 days and eliminating the far-off diet on milk production, rumen and blood parameters, liver gene expression and rumen microbiome profile of holstein dairy cows.
Degree: Animal Science, 2015, University of Manitoba
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31005
► Effects of a short 40-d dry period with only a close-up diet (SHORT) and a conventional 60-d dry period with a 39-d far-off and a…
(more)
▼ Effects of a short 40-d
dry period with only a close-up diet (SHORT) and a conventional 60-d
dry period with a 39-d far-off and a 21-d close-up diet (CONV) on milk production, feed intake, blood and rumen parameters, liver gene expression and rumen microbiota profile were compared in 11 second-parity and 15 third and later parity cows. Milk production was recorded daily during the first 16 wks of lactation. Differential liver gene expression was assessed by affymetrix microarray analysis and DNA extracted from rumen samples was subjected to Illumina sequencing for exploring the microbiome profile. The SHORT treatment reduced milk yield and DMI after calving in third and later parity cows, but not in second-parity cows when compared to the CONV treatment. Cows on the SHORT treatment had higher concentrations of NEFA in blood plasma and tended to have higher liver TAG immediately after calving. These effects tended to be greater in third- and later parity cows compared to second-parity cows. Expression patterns of genes involved in β-oxidation at the first week of lactation compared to those at three weeks before calving showed lower hepatic β-oxidation capacity in cows on the SHORT treatment compared to those on the CONV treatment. During this
period, the expression of DGAT, a key gene in the triglyceride synthesis, increased in SHORT-treatment cows while it remained unchanged in CONV-treatment cows. The expression patterns of genes involved in gluconeogenesis showed a higher capacity at first week after calving in cows on the SHORT compared to those on the CONV treatment. Our study also showed that the SHORT treatment increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes compared to the CONV treatment and reduced the shifting of rumen microbiota from before to after calving. Results also demonstrated that the rumen microbiota was more stable in the SHORT treatment during the transition
period. Based on these results, a 40-d
dry period management with only a close-up diet might be beneficial for second parity cows. However, this treatment may be detrimental for older cows as excessive energy intake and fat deposition during the
dry period in these animals result in lower milk production and higher mobilization of NEFA and accumulation of fat in the liver.
Advisors/Committee Members: Plaizier, Kees (JC) (Animal Science) (supervisor), Khafipour, Ehsan (Animal Science) Ominski, Kim (Animal Science) Eck, Peter (Human Nutritional Sciences) Kim, Woo-Kyun (Human Nutritional Sciences) .
Subjects/Keywords: Dairy cow; Dry period management; Milk production; Blood and rumen parameter; Rumen microbiome; Liver gene expression
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APA (6th Edition):
Khazanehei, H. (2015). Impacts of reducing the dry period to 40 days and eliminating the far-off diet on milk production, rumen and blood parameters, liver gene expression and rumen microbiome profile of holstein dairy cows. (Thesis). University of Manitoba. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31005
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Khazanehei, Hamidreza. “Impacts of reducing the dry period to 40 days and eliminating the far-off diet on milk production, rumen and blood parameters, liver gene expression and rumen microbiome profile of holstein dairy cows.” 2015. Thesis, University of Manitoba. Accessed April 14, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31005.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Khazanehei, Hamidreza. “Impacts of reducing the dry period to 40 days and eliminating the far-off diet on milk production, rumen and blood parameters, liver gene expression and rumen microbiome profile of holstein dairy cows.” 2015. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Khazanehei H. Impacts of reducing the dry period to 40 days and eliminating the far-off diet on milk production, rumen and blood parameters, liver gene expression and rumen microbiome profile of holstein dairy cows. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31005.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Khazanehei H. Impacts of reducing the dry period to 40 days and eliminating the far-off diet on milk production, rumen and blood parameters, liver gene expression and rumen microbiome profile of holstein dairy cows. [Thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31005
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
23.
Frizzarini, Waneska Stéfani Spinelli.
Efeitos da cabergolina nas alterações microbiológicas no leite e na concentração sérica de cálcio e hormônios.
Degree: 2019, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183197
► Submitted by Waneska Stéfani Spinelli Frizzarini ([email protected]) on 2019-08-13T20:07:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação repositório 3.pdf: 970306 bytes, checksum: 02f28739b2e9a9492b4690138d1996b6 (MD5)
Approved for entry into…
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▼ Submitted by Waneska Stéfani Spinelli Frizzarini ([email protected]) on 2019-08-13T20:07:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação repositório 3.pdf: 970306 bytes, checksum: 02f28739b2e9a9492b4690138d1996b6 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Ederson Vasconcelos Pereira null ([email protected]) on 2019-08-14T12:59:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 frizzarini_wss_me_araca_int.pdf: 970306 bytes, checksum: 02f28739b2e9a9492b4690138d1996b6 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-14T12:59:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 frizzarini_wss_me_araca_int.pdf: 970306 bytes, checksum: 02f28739b2e9a9492b4690138d1996b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-08-02
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo desse estudo foi comparar as concentrações séricas de cálcio, progesterona e fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina tipo 1 (IGF-I) e a ocorrência de crescimento microbiano no leite e de
retenção de placenta antes da secagem e após o parto de vacas de alta produção tratadas ou não com cabergolina. Foram utilizadas 48 vacas multíparas, das raças holandesas, girolandas ou jersolandas no final da lactação (aproximadamente 60 dias antes do parto), com produção acima de 14 L/dia. Os animais foram divididos em grupo controle e grupo tratado, recebendo 5,6 mg de cabergolina via I.M. As coletas de sangue para mensuração das concentrações de progesterona, IGF-I e de cálcio sérico foram realizadas no dia da secagem (antes da aplicação da cabergolina), um dia após a secagem, sete dias após a secagem, de quinze a sete dias antes do parto e sete dias após o parto; no dia do parto e um dia após o parto foi feita apenas a dosagem de cálcio. Para análise microbiológica foi coletado leite sete dias antes da secagem, no dia da secagem e no dia do parto e foi observada a ocorência de retenção de placenta. Não foi observada diferença significativa entre os grupos (p > 0,05) na
ocorrência de infecção da glândula mamária, nas concentrações séricas de cálcio e hormônios, exceto nas amostras coletadas uma semana após o parto, quando a concentração de cálcio foi superior no grupo tratado quando comparado ao controle (11,10 ± 1,751 vs. 9,610 ± 2,212 mg/dL, p = 0,03). A ocorrência de retenção de placenta foi menor no grupo tratado do que no controle (2/22 vs 8/16, p = 0,0068). Concluiu-se que o uso da cabergolina não induziu a hipocalcemia, não interferiu nas concentrações séricas dos hormônios analisados, e não interferiu nos casos de infecção intra-mamária e retenção de placenta em vacas de leite.
The objective of this study was to compare the serum concentrations of calcium, progesterone, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), occurrence of milk microbiological growth and of retained placenta before drying off and after parturition in high production dairy cows treated or not with cabergoline. A total of 48 multiparous Holstein, Gyr x Holstein and Jersey x
Holstein cows at the end of lactation period (approximately 60 days before partum) were used, with production above 14L/day…
Advisors/Committee Members: Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Nogueira, Guilherme de Paula, Júnior, Alicio Martins.
Subjects/Keywords: Vacas de leite; Glândula Mamária; Período seco; Cabergolina; Mastite; Bem-estar animal; Dairy cows; Mammary gland; Dry period; Cabergoline; Animal welfare
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Frizzarini, W. S. S. (2019). Efeitos da cabergolina nas alterações microbiológicas no leite e na concentração sérica de cálcio e hormônios. (Masters Thesis). Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183197
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Frizzarini, Waneska Stéfani Spinelli. “Efeitos da cabergolina nas alterações microbiológicas no leite e na concentração sérica de cálcio e hormônios.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). Accessed April 14, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183197.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Frizzarini, Waneska Stéfani Spinelli. “Efeitos da cabergolina nas alterações microbiológicas no leite e na concentração sérica de cálcio e hormônios.” 2019. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Frizzarini WSS. Efeitos da cabergolina nas alterações microbiológicas no leite e na concentração sérica de cálcio e hormônios. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183197.
Council of Science Editors:
Frizzarini WSS. Efeitos da cabergolina nas alterações microbiológicas no leite e na concentração sérica de cálcio e hormônios. [Masters Thesis]. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183197
University of Tennessee – Knoxville
24.
Kassube, Kimberly Rose.
The Effect of Heat Stress and Essential Amino Acids on Production and Metabolism of Lactating Dairy Cattle.
Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2016, University of Tennessee – Knoxville
URL: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/4010
► Heat stress (HS) causes decreases in production of lactating cattle that is only partially explained by decreases in intake. Evidence suggests that changes in…
(more)
▼ Heat stress (HS) causes decreases in production of lactating cattle that is only partially explained by decreases in intake. Evidence suggests that changes in energy and protein metabolism occur to cope with the impact of HS. The objective of this thesis was to determine if the effect of jugular infusion of essential amino acids (AA) ameliorated the negative effects of HS in milk production and metabolism. Twelve multiparous lactating Holstein cows were used in a crossover design to evaluate the effect of thermoneutral (THN) and HS environments along with the absence (CTL) or presence (ML+BCAA) of essential AA infusion. Infusions consisted of methionine (12 g), lysine (21 g), leucine (35 g), isoleucine (15 g), and valine (15 g) per day. Thermal treatments were imposed from days 1 to 14 and jugular infusion of AA from days 7 to 14. Milk and blood samples were collected on days 5 to 7 and 12 to 14. Data were analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS and reported as least square means ± [plus or minus] standard error of the mean. Temperature humidity index (THI) values during THN never exceeded 66, whereas THI values during HS peaked at 76 and were above 68 for 14 h/d. Compared with the CTL treatment, ML+BCAA treatment increased rectal and vaginal temperatures in the HS treatment by 0.5 and 0.4°C respectively, but did not increase temperatures in the THN treatment (interaction P < 0.05).
Heat stress decreased (P < 0.05) DMI (17.4 vs 18.9±0.41 kg/d), milk yield (29.3 vs 32.1±1.09 kg/d), milk protein percentage (2.95 vs 3.06±0.06%), and milk protein yield (0.87 vs 0.98 ±0.05 kg/d). The ML+BCAA treatment had no effect on milk and milk protein yield but increased (P <0.001) milk protein percent (3.04 vs 2.96±0.06%).
Heat stress elicited expected decreases in production, while the infusion of AA increased milk protein percent indicating a possible improvement of protein synthesis. However, the rise in rectal temperatures due to infusion is a cause for concern.
Advisors/Committee Members: Agustin G. Rius, Travis Mulliniks, Lannett Edwards, Peter Krawczel.
Subjects/Keywords: heat stress; dairy cattle; branched-chain amino acids; lysine; methionine; Dairy Science
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APA (6th Edition):
Kassube, K. R. (2016). The Effect of Heat Stress and Essential Amino Acids on Production and Metabolism of Lactating Dairy Cattle. (Thesis). University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Retrieved from https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/4010
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kassube, Kimberly Rose. “The Effect of Heat Stress and Essential Amino Acids on Production and Metabolism of Lactating Dairy Cattle.” 2016. Thesis, University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Accessed April 14, 2021.
https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/4010.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kassube, Kimberly Rose. “The Effect of Heat Stress and Essential Amino Acids on Production and Metabolism of Lactating Dairy Cattle.” 2016. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Kassube KR. The Effect of Heat Stress and Essential Amino Acids on Production and Metabolism of Lactating Dairy Cattle. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/4010.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Kassube KR. The Effect of Heat Stress and Essential Amino Acids on Production and Metabolism of Lactating Dairy Cattle. [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2016. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/4010
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Minnesota
25.
Lobeck, Karen Marie.
Environmental characteristics and animal welfare of two
new dairy housing options in the Upper Midwest.
Degree: MS, Animal sciences, 2010, University of Minnesota
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103290
University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. December 2010.
Major: Animal sciences. Advisor: Dr. Marcia I. Endres. 1 computer
file (PDF); viii, 108 pages.
Summary abstract not available.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Marcia I. Endres.Subjects/Keywords: Housing options; Dairy cattle; Heat stress; Recycled manure solids.
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Lobeck, K. M. (2010). Environmental characteristics and animal welfare of two
new dairy housing options in the Upper Midwest. (Masters Thesis). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://purl.umn.edu/103290
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lobeck, Karen Marie. “Environmental characteristics and animal welfare of two
new dairy housing options in the Upper Midwest.” 2010. Masters Thesis, University of Minnesota. Accessed April 14, 2021.
http://purl.umn.edu/103290.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lobeck, Karen Marie. “Environmental characteristics and animal welfare of two
new dairy housing options in the Upper Midwest.” 2010. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Lobeck KM. Environmental characteristics and animal welfare of two
new dairy housing options in the Upper Midwest. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2010. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/103290.
Council of Science Editors:
Lobeck KM. Environmental characteristics and animal welfare of two
new dairy housing options in the Upper Midwest. [Masters Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2010. Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/103290
University of Tennessee – Knoxville
26.
Kaufman, Jeffrey.
NUTRITIONAL STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE UTILIZATION OF NUTRIENTS IN LACTATING DAIRY COWS EXPOSED TO HEAT STRESS.
Degree: 2019, University of Tennessee – Knoxville
URL: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/5595
► Two experiments were conducted to evaluate levels of dietary crude protein (CP) and a new postbiotic prototype from fungal fermentation on nutrient utilization in heat-stressed…
(more)
▼ Two experiments were conducted to evaluate levels of dietary crude protein (CP) and a new postbiotic prototype from fungal fermentation on nutrient utilization in heat-stressed cows. Experiment 1 consisted of feeding a medium (16.1%) and low (12.5%) CP level to mid-lactating cows in heat stress with or without cooling to assess the interaction. Cooling decreased afternoon body temperature and respiration rates and increased yields of milk, lactose, and protein. Cooling tended to decrease the acute phase reaction in plasma. Compared with low CP, medium CP increased milk fat yield and tended to increased energy-corrected milk yield in cooled cows but not in heat-stressed cows. The medium CP diet increased milk yield but increased morning udder surface temperatures. Medium CP increased glucose and insulin and decreased free fatty acid concentrations in plasma compared with low CP. Compared with low CP, medium CP increased ammonia concentrations in rumen content of heat-stressed cows greater than cooled cows. Experiment 2 consisted of supplementing a new postbiotic prototype developed from Aspergillus oryzae fermentation at 3, 6, and 18 g/d compared with a control at 0 g/d on a basal diet given to heat-stressed cows in 2 periods (mild heat stress with cooling and more intense heat stress with no cooling). An ex vivo lipopolysaccharide challenge was conducted to evaluate treatment effects. In the first period, 6 g/d of the postbiotic decreased body temperature the greatest while tending to increase yields of milk, energy-corrected milk, and lactose. In the second period, 6 g/d of the postbiotic increased energy-corrected milk, protein, fat, and lactose. In addition, overall supply of the postbiotic decreased morning body temperature of the second period. The 6 g/d supply of postbiotic decreased the acute phase reaction and cytokine production from the lipopolysaccharide challenge. In conclusion, cooled cows require greater dietary CP compared with when not cooled, but lower CP improves nutrient utilization of heat-stressed cows. Whereas, a new postbiotic additive improved nutrient utilization for milk production and reduced the inflammatory response in heat-stressed cows. Overall, low dietary CP and fungal feed additives can be beneficial nutritional strategies for heat-stressed, lactating cows.
Subjects/Keywords: dairy cow; crude protein; postbiotic additive; heat stress; milk production; metabolism
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APA (6th Edition):
Kaufman, J. (2019). NUTRITIONAL STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE UTILIZATION OF NUTRIENTS IN LACTATING DAIRY COWS EXPOSED TO HEAT STRESS. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Retrieved from https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/5595
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kaufman, Jeffrey. “NUTRITIONAL STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE UTILIZATION OF NUTRIENTS IN LACTATING DAIRY COWS EXPOSED TO HEAT STRESS.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Accessed April 14, 2021.
https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/5595.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kaufman, Jeffrey. “NUTRITIONAL STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE UTILIZATION OF NUTRIENTS IN LACTATING DAIRY COWS EXPOSED TO HEAT STRESS.” 2019. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Kaufman J. NUTRITIONAL STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE UTILIZATION OF NUTRIENTS IN LACTATING DAIRY COWS EXPOSED TO HEAT STRESS. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/5595.
Council of Science Editors:
Kaufman J. NUTRITIONAL STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE UTILIZATION OF NUTRIENTS IN LACTATING DAIRY COWS EXPOSED TO HEAT STRESS. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2019. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/5595
Virginia Tech
27.
Xie, Guohao.
Metabolic and endocrine adaptations to heat stress in lactating dairy cows.
Degree: PhD, Animal and Poultry Sciences, 2015, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52903
► Heat stress (HS), a stress response in homeotherms mainly due to elevated ambient temperature and failure of effective heat dissipation, causes a substantial negative economic…
(more)
▼ Heat stress (HS), a
stress response in homeotherms mainly due to elevated ambient temperature and failure of effective
heat dissipation, causes a substantial negative economic impact to livestock industry worldwide. Reduced feed intake, a typical phenomenon observed during HS, was thought to be the primary driver for the milk production loss. However, accumulating evidence indicates that HS influences animal metabolism and endocrine profiles independent of reduced feed intake. Previous studies comparing
heat-stressed lactating cows with control group pair-fed (PF) to the intake of HS group but housed in thermoneutral conditions, in order to eliminate the confounding factors result from differentiated feed intakes, showed that HS increased circulating insulin and decreased plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) in lactating cow, the opposite responses typical of PF cohorts. Therefore, the present studies were performed in order to elucidate the mechanism(s) underlying these counterintuitive changes. In response to a glucose tolerance test (GTT), both HS and PF decreased whole body glucose disposal rate, a sign of insulin resistance. Only PF decreased skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in terms of reduced protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) phosphorylation, a downstream protein of insulin receptor (IR), while HS group maintained similar intact insulin responsiveness in the liver and skeletal muscle as thermoneutral conditions. There was a global reduction in gene expression of the enzymes related to lipid metabolism in adipose tissue of
heat-stressed cows. Similarly, β-adrenergic signaling, a major stimulator of lipid mobilization, was suppressed in terms of NEFA release response during a chronic epinephrine challenge in HS group. After the challenge, phosphorylations of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and hormone sensitive lipase, both located downstream of β-adrenergic receptor, were decreased in HS, but not in thermoneutral conditions, another indicator of impaired adrenergic signaling. In contrast, IR and AKT phosphorylation were increased in HS conditions indicating insulin signaling may be elevated during HS in adipose. Collectively, HS reduces lipid mobilization and appears to favor glucose utilization via alterations of lipid metabolism and hormones signaling pathways. These unique alterations in HS might shed some light on developing counter-HS approaches in the future.
Advisors/Committee Members: Rhoads, Robert P. (committeechair), Jiang, Honglin (committee member), Gilbert, Elizabeth R. (committee member), Corl, Benjamin A. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Heat stress; metabolism; endocrinology; glucose; lipid; dairy cow
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Xie, G. (2015). Metabolic and endocrine adaptations to heat stress in lactating dairy cows. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52903
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Xie, Guohao. “Metabolic and endocrine adaptations to heat stress in lactating dairy cows.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed April 14, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52903.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Xie, Guohao. “Metabolic and endocrine adaptations to heat stress in lactating dairy cows.” 2015. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Xie G. Metabolic and endocrine adaptations to heat stress in lactating dairy cows. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52903.
Council of Science Editors:
Xie G. Metabolic and endocrine adaptations to heat stress in lactating dairy cows. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52903
University of Arizona
28.
Rungruang, Sunthorn.
Evaluation of Dietary Niacin and Supplemental Cooling for Alleviation of Heat Stress in Lactating Dairy Cows
.
Degree: 2012, University of Arizona
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/265340
► Four studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of supplemental cooling and niacin on heat stress (HS) responses in vivo and in vitro in lactating…
(more)
▼ Four studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of supplemental cooling and niacin on
heat stress (HS) responses in vivo and in vitro in lactating
dairy cows. For experiment one, lactating
dairy cows were fed four levels of dietary niacin, NIASHURE® (0,4,8,12 g/d) for 21 d.
Heat stress decreased niacin levels in whole blood, red blood cells and plasma as compared to thermoneutral. Water intake, plasma and milk niacin concentrations increased linearly with increasing dietary niacin in HS cattle. In thermoneutral, but not HS cows, niacin increased skin temperature compared to controls suggesting niacin increased skin blood flow and sensible
heat loss. In experiment 2, lactating cows were used to evaluate the impact of feed-line soaking (FLS) combined with niacin supplementation. In evaporative cooled barns, FLS reduced body temperatures; however the addition of niacin did not improve
heat status of these cows. For experiment 3, 200 lactating
dairy cows were used to determine the effects of conductively cooled bedding (CC) compared to feed-line soaking with fans (FLSF). Conductively cooled bedding can reduce skin and vaginal temperatures in cows after nighttime rest. However, FLSF were more effective in decreasing body temperature, as cows had lower
heat parameter indices, higher milk yield and longer rest time. For experiment 4, three cell types were used to evaluate niacin in vitro. Niacin induced
heat shock proteins (HSP) that protected cells during HS in transformed bovine mammary epithelial cells but not in primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC) or bovine endometrial cells (BEND). Effect of niacin on HSP may depend on enzymes involved in DNA-binding activity of
heat shock factor 1. These results suggest that niacin may be involved in whole body metabolism during
heat stress and is cell dependent. We did not find dietary niacin to be commercially efficacious in treating HS in cows. Further research is warranted to improve efficacy of CC and FLSF under high temperature humidity index conditions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Collier, Robert J (advisor), Smith, John F. (committeemember), Renquist, Benjamin J. (committeemember), Santos, Jose E. P. (committeemember), Bilby, Todd R. (committeemember), Collier, Robert J. (committeemember).
Subjects/Keywords: Heat stress;
Niacin;
Animal Sciences;
Cooling;
Dairy cows
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APA (6th Edition):
Rungruang, S. (2012). Evaluation of Dietary Niacin and Supplemental Cooling for Alleviation of Heat Stress in Lactating Dairy Cows
. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/265340
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rungruang, Sunthorn. “Evaluation of Dietary Niacin and Supplemental Cooling for Alleviation of Heat Stress in Lactating Dairy Cows
.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed April 14, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/265340.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rungruang, Sunthorn. “Evaluation of Dietary Niacin and Supplemental Cooling for Alleviation of Heat Stress in Lactating Dairy Cows
.” 2012. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Rungruang S. Evaluation of Dietary Niacin and Supplemental Cooling for Alleviation of Heat Stress in Lactating Dairy Cows
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/265340.
Council of Science Editors:
Rungruang S. Evaluation of Dietary Niacin and Supplemental Cooling for Alleviation of Heat Stress in Lactating Dairy Cows
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/265340
University of Tennessee – Knoxville
29.
Nagle, Kimberly Ann.
Assessing Mitochondrial Activity in Embryos from Heat-Stressed Ova.
Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2011, University of Tennessee – Knoxville
URL: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1088
► Elevated ambient temperatures negatively impacts pregnancy rates in agriculturally important females. An oocyte undergoing meiotic maturation exposed to a physiologically-relevant heat stress results in…
(more)
▼ Elevated ambient temperatures negatively impacts pregnancy rates in agriculturally important females. An oocyte undergoing meiotic maturation exposed to a physiologically-relevant
heat stress results in alterations of developmentally important processes and reportedly decreases subsequent developmental potential after fertilization. To address problems of reduced competence after exposure to
heat stress for the first 12 h of meiotic maturation (hIVM), Payton (2009) assessed the transcriptome profiles of oocytes and associated cumulus cells by microarray analysis and reported
heat-induced perturbations at the molecular level in the oocyte. Specifically, 20 transcripts involved in mitochondrial function exhibited alterations in relative abundance of
heat-stressed oocytes which coincided with significantly more ATP content at 24 hIVM compared to non-
heat-stressed controls (Payton et al., unpublished). These findings of altered transcripts and elevated ATP production suggest
heat-induced perturbations of mitochondrial function. To further discern whether these
heat-induced alterations in mitochondria persists in subsequent embryos after fertilization, the present study measured ATP content in oocytes matured at 38.5°C for 24 h or 41°C for the first 12 h followed by 38.5°C for the remaining 12 h, resultant cleavage, and blastocyst-stage embryos. Results demonstrated a significant increase in ATP content in
heat-stressed matured oocytes (
P = 0.0148) and of resultant 8-to-16-cell (
P = 0.0323) stage embryos but was not evident in blastocyst stage embryos. Here we provide information that
heat stress alters mitochondrial function in oocytes which persists following fertilization, which may ultimately contribute to a reduced developmental potential of embryos from
heat-stressed oocytes. A second objective was to validate microarray findings via qPCR of: 1) electron transport chain transcripts, COQ3 and NDUFC2, in the oocyte and 2) IHH of the Hedgehog Pathway in the surrounding cumulus cells. Results agreed with the previous microarray data (Payton, 2009) reporting
heat-induced decreases of NDUFC2 (
P ≤ 0.002) and COQ3 (
P = 0.02) in oocytes and
heat-induced increases of IHH (
P = 0.007) in cumulus cells. While functional significance of these findings remains unclear,
heat-induced perturbations at the molecular level in the oocyte are evident and may provide explanation for reductions seen in developmental competence of resultant embryos.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lannett Edwards, Neal Schrick, Brynn Voy.
Subjects/Keywords: heat stress; ATP; oocyte; embryo; qPCR; Dairy Science; Developmental Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Nagle, K. A. (2011). Assessing Mitochondrial Activity in Embryos from Heat-Stressed Ova. (Thesis). University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Retrieved from https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1088
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nagle, Kimberly Ann. “Assessing Mitochondrial Activity in Embryos from Heat-Stressed Ova.” 2011. Thesis, University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Accessed April 14, 2021.
https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1088.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nagle, Kimberly Ann. “Assessing Mitochondrial Activity in Embryos from Heat-Stressed Ova.” 2011. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Nagle KA. Assessing Mitochondrial Activity in Embryos from Heat-Stressed Ova. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1088.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Nagle KA. Assessing Mitochondrial Activity in Embryos from Heat-Stressed Ova. [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2011. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1088
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Minnesota
30.
Sharpe, Kirsten.
Electrical Consumption on Midwestern Dairy Farms In the United States and Agrivoltaics To Shade Cows In A Pasture-Based Dairy System.
Degree: MS, Animal Sciences, 2020, University of Minnesota
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/216058
► The objectives of the thesis were to investigate electrical energy use on dairy farms located in west central Minnesota and to evaluate the effects of…
(more)
▼ The objectives of the thesis were to investigate electrical energy use on dairy farms located in west central Minnesota and to evaluate the effects of shade use by cattle from solar photovoltaic systems. As the push for sustainable food production from consumers continues to grow, food industries and processors are looking for ways they can be more marketable to consumers. Not only do food industries investigate sustainable practices within their own systems, they also push their suppliers to explore ways to lower their farms’ carbon footprints. Measurements of baseline fossil fuel consumption within dairy production systems are scarce. Therefore, there is a need to discern where and how fossil fuel-derived energy is being used within dairy production systems. Baseline energy use data collection is the first step in addressing the demand for a reduced carbon footprint within dairy production systems. Energy use on five Midwest dairy farms was evaluated from July 2018 to December 2019. Through in-depth monitoring of electricity-consuming processes, it was found that electricity use can differ quite drastically in different types of milking systems and farms. Electricity on an annual basis per cow ranged from 400 kWh/cow in a low-input and grazing farm to 1,145 kWh/cow in an automated milking farm. To reduce electrical energy consumption as well as reduce the effects of heat stress in pastured dairy cows, producers may investigate using an agrivoltaic system. Biological effects of internal body temperature, milk production, and respiration rates and behavioral effects of activity, rumination, fly avoidance behaviors, and standing and lying time of the solar shade were evaluated. Treatment groups were shade or no shade of cattle on pasture. The results of this agrivoltaic system suggested that grazing cattle that have access to shade had lower respiration rates and lower body temperatures compared to cattle that do not have access to shade. Electricity used in dairy farms was examined to help producers find areas in their farms that have the potential for reduced energy consumption. Furthermore, the use of an agrivoltaic system on a pasture-based dairy was studied for its shading effects on the health and behavior of dairy cows.
Subjects/Keywords: Agrivoltaics; Dairy; Electricity use; Heat stress; Pasture-based
Record Details
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Record Details
Similar Records
Cite
« Share
❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Sharpe, K. (2020). Electrical Consumption on Midwestern Dairy Farms In the United States and Agrivoltaics To Shade Cows In A Pasture-Based Dairy System. (Masters Thesis). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/216058
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sharpe, Kirsten. “Electrical Consumption on Midwestern Dairy Farms In the United States and Agrivoltaics To Shade Cows In A Pasture-Based Dairy System.” 2020. Masters Thesis, University of Minnesota. Accessed April 14, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11299/216058.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sharpe, Kirsten. “Electrical Consumption on Midwestern Dairy Farms In the United States and Agrivoltaics To Shade Cows In A Pasture-Based Dairy System.” 2020. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Sharpe K. Electrical Consumption on Midwestern Dairy Farms In the United States and Agrivoltaics To Shade Cows In A Pasture-Based Dairy System. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/216058.
Council of Science Editors:
Sharpe K. Electrical Consumption on Midwestern Dairy Farms In the United States and Agrivoltaics To Shade Cows In A Pasture-Based Dairy System. [Masters Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/216058
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