subject:(contrast agent)

KTH

1. Zheng, Miaomiao. Ultrasound Contrast Agents: Fabrication, size distribution and visualization.

Degree: Medical Imaging, 2011, KTH

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-152586

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Ultrasound contrast agents composed of micro-bubble filled with gas are introduced to increase the backscattered power from blood. Their intravenously injection results in the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Ultrasound; contrast agent; microbubbles

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zheng, M. (2011). Ultrasound Contrast Agents: Fabrication, size distribution and visualization. (Thesis). KTH. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-152586

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zheng, Miaomiao. “Ultrasound Contrast Agents: Fabrication, size distribution and visualization.” 2011. Thesis, KTH. Accessed November 18, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-152586.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zheng, Miaomiao. “Ultrasound Contrast Agents: Fabrication, size distribution and visualization.” 2011. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Zheng M. Ultrasound Contrast Agents: Fabrication, size distribution and visualization. [Internet] [Thesis]. KTH; 2011. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-152586.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Zheng M. Ultrasound Contrast Agents: Fabrication, size distribution and visualization. [Thesis]. KTH; 2011. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-152586

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Minnesota

2. Weitz, Evan. Fluorinated Metal Complexes as MRI Contrast Agents.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2015, University of Minnesota

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/191372

► Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a vital tool in today’s modern healthcare system. MRI is preferred over positron emission tomography (PET) and X-ray computed tomography… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Contrast Agent; Fluorine; MRI

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APA (6^th Edition):

Weitz, E. (2015). Fluorinated Metal Complexes as MRI Contrast Agents. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/191372

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Weitz, Evan. “Fluorinated Metal Complexes as MRI Contrast Agents.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Minnesota. Accessed November 18, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11299/191372.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Weitz, Evan. “Fluorinated Metal Complexes as MRI Contrast Agents.” 2015. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Weitz E. Fluorinated Metal Complexes as MRI Contrast Agents. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2015. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/191372.

Council of Science Editors:

Weitz E. Fluorinated Metal Complexes as MRI Contrast Agents. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/191372

3. Hellebust, Anne E. Optical Contrast Agents to Distinguish Benign Inflammation from Neoplasia in Epithelial Tissues.

Degree: PhD, Engineering, 2016, Rice University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1911/88351

► A minimally-invasive, optical strategy to detect and discriminate between inflammation and neoplasia could improve early cancer detection by reducing the number of false positive exams… (more)

▼ A minimally-invasive, optical strategy to detect and discriminate between inflammation and neoplasia could improve early cancer detection by reducing the number of false positive exams due to benign inflammation. This thesis describes research to optimize optical molecular contrast agents to observe architectural, metabolic, and biomolecular changes from inflammation and cancer in the gastrointestinal tract. My goal was to: 1) understand the limitations of autofluorescence imaging for cancer detection, 2) image exogenous fluorescent contrast agents specific to inflammation and neoplasia in rodent models, and 3) topically deliver a contrast agent cocktail in vivo in a mouse model. Wide field autofluorescence imaging of oral tissue utilizes endogenous tissue contrast to discriminate neoplastic from normal tissue; clinical studies of this technique show good sensitivity but poor specificity. I conducted a confocal microscopy study of 47 biopsies from 20 patients; results showed a similar decrease in autofluorescence in the stroma of inflamed and neoplastic tissue. This finding helps explain the low specificity of wide field autofluorescence imaging. Topically applied exogenous contrast agents could be used to improve discrimination between neoplasia and inflammation. I tested individual fluorescent contrast agents and contrast agent cocktails in chemically induced rodent models of inflammation and neoplasia. The first model used autofluorescence imaging with fluorescence imaging of proflavine to highlight cell nuclei and 2-NBDG to assess metabolic activity for oral cancer detection. A classification algorithm based on proflavine and 2-NBDG staining separated neoplastic from non-neoplastic areas on the tongue with 91% sensitivity and specificity. In the second model, a contrast agent cocktail composed of proflavine, a fluorescently labelled CD45-targeted antibody to identify inflammatory cells, and permeation enhancers was evaluated for topical in vivo delivery to image ulcerative colitis. The antibody identified the presence of inflammation and established topical delivery of antibody sized agents in vivo. These results provide evidence that topically applied contrast agent cocktails could improve discrimination between inflammation and neoplasia when endogenous contrast is insufficient. An optical-based strategy utilizing contrast agent cocktails to observe architectural, metabolic, and biomolecular changes associated with inflammation and cancer could improve early cancer detection by reducing the number of false positives from inflammation. Advisors/Committee Members: Richards-Kortum, Rebecca Rae (advisor), Farach-Carson, Mary (committee member), Gillenwater, Ann (committee member), Sikora, Andrew (committee member), Tkaczyk, Tomasz (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: cancer; contrast agent; topical delivery

11 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hellebust, A. E. (2016). Optical Contrast Agents to Distinguish Benign Inflammation from Neoplasia in Epithelial Tissues. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rice University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1911/88351

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hellebust, Anne E. “Optical Contrast Agents to Distinguish Benign Inflammation from Neoplasia in Epithelial Tissues.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Rice University. Accessed November 18, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/88351.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hellebust, Anne E. “Optical Contrast Agents to Distinguish Benign Inflammation from Neoplasia in Epithelial Tissues.” 2016. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Hellebust AE. Optical Contrast Agents to Distinguish Benign Inflammation from Neoplasia in Epithelial Tissues. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rice University; 2016. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1911/88351.

Council of Science Editors:

Hellebust AE. Optical Contrast Agents to Distinguish Benign Inflammation from Neoplasia in Epithelial Tissues. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rice University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1911/88351

Université de Grenoble

4. Tallec, Gaylord. Nouveaux complexes de lanthanides pour le développement d'agents de contraste bimodaux IRM/luminescence : New lanthanides complexes for the development of bimodal MRI/NIR luminescence contrast agents.

Degree: Docteur es, Chimie, 2011, Université de Grenoble

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENV051

►

L'imagerie par résonance magnétique est une des méthodes de diagnostic les plus utilisées, aussi bien dans le domaine médical que dans les études précliniques. Cependant,… (more)

▼

L'imagerie par résonance magnétique est une des méthodes de diagnostic les plus utilisées, aussi bien dans le domaine médical que dans les études précliniques. Cependant, la relaxivité des agents de contraste commerciaux ne représente qu'une fraction de la relaxivité prédite par la théorie et il est nécessaire d'optimiser les différents paramètres dont elle dépend pour atteindre des valeurs de relaxivité plus élevées : nombre de molécules d'eau en première sphère de coordination, vitesse d'échange de l'eau, dynamique de rotation du complexe, relaxation électronique, distance Gd(III)-proton. Dans ce travail, nous présentons la synthèse, la stabilité et la relaxivité des complexes de Gd(III) de deux séries de ligands tripodes dérivés de la 8-hydroxyquinoléine, basés l'une sur une plateforme 1,4,7 triazacyclononane, l'autre sur un pivot azote central. Ces complexes ont montré des stabilités comparables à celles des agents commerciaux, des valeurs de relaxivités élevées dans l'eau ainsi qu'en milieu biologique. L'utilisation de la 8-hydroxyquinoléine comme base des ligands a permis de sensibiliser le Nd(III) et l'Yb(III) pour la luminescence proche infrarouge, ouvrant la possibilité pour le développement de nouveaux systèmes bimodaux.

Magnetic resonance imaging is a commonly used diagnostic method in medicinal practice as well as in biological and preclinical research. However, the relaxivity of commercial contrast agents is only a few percent of the theoretically predicted relaxivity. An optimisation of the different parameters who have an impact on the relaxivity (number of gadolinium bound water molecules, water exchange rate, rotation dynamic of the complex, electronic relaxation, Gd(III)-proton distance) is needed to obtain higher relaxivities. In this work, we present the synthesis, the stability and the relaxivity of the Gd(III) complexes of two series of 8-hydroxyquinolinate-based ligands, one using a 1,4,7 triazacyclononane platform, the other one using a central nitrogen architecture. Theses complexes show stabilities comparable to commercial agents, and high relaxivities in both water and serum. The 8-hydroxyquinolinate moiety allows these ligands to sensitize Nd(III) and Yb(III) for Near Infra Red (NIR) luminescence, leading to a new class of potential bimodal systems.

Advisors/Committee Members: Mazzanti, Marinella (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Gadolinium; Agent de contrast; IRM; Luminescence; Gadolinium; Contrast agent; MRI; Luminescence

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tallec, G. (2011). Nouveaux complexes de lanthanides pour le développement d'agents de contraste bimodaux IRM/luminescence : New lanthanides complexes for the development of bimodal MRI/NIR luminescence contrast agents. (Doctoral Dissertation). Université de Grenoble. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENV051

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tallec, Gaylord. “Nouveaux complexes de lanthanides pour le développement d'agents de contraste bimodaux IRM/luminescence : New lanthanides complexes for the development of bimodal MRI/NIR luminescence contrast agents.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Université de Grenoble. Accessed November 18, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENV051.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tallec, Gaylord. “Nouveaux complexes de lanthanides pour le développement d'agents de contraste bimodaux IRM/luminescence : New lanthanides complexes for the development of bimodal MRI/NIR luminescence contrast agents.” 2011. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Tallec G. Nouveaux complexes de lanthanides pour le développement d'agents de contraste bimodaux IRM/luminescence : New lanthanides complexes for the development of bimodal MRI/NIR luminescence contrast agents. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Université de Grenoble; 2011. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENV051.

Council of Science Editors:

Tallec G. Nouveaux complexes de lanthanides pour le développement d'agents de contraste bimodaux IRM/luminescence : New lanthanides complexes for the development of bimodal MRI/NIR luminescence contrast agents. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Université de Grenoble; 2011. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENV051

Georgia Tech

5. Sun, In-Cheol. The Development of Advanced Contrast Agents for Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging.

Degree: PhD, Biomedical Engineering (Joint GT/Emory Department), 2018, Georgia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/61598

► Light and sound are the ones of major energy sources used in the biomedical field throughout history. Today, these energy sources provide foundation for optical,… (more)

▼ Light and sound are the ones of major energy sources used in the biomedical field throughout history. Today, these energy sources provide foundation for optical, ultrasound, and hybrid imaging technologies. Even though ultrasound and optical imaging techniques alone have various advantages, their applications are often limited by their disadvantages. For example, optical imaging has a low penetration depth beyond which the spatial resolution is drastically reduced; ultrasound imaging has the extended penetration depth and spatial/temporal resolution, but also low contrast. The combination of light and sound can overcome these limitations because optical and ultrasound imaging have high contrast and a deep penetration depth, respectively. I developed photoacoustic and ultrasound contrast agents to enable and assist combined light and ultrasound multimodal imaging. The developed photoacoustic contrast agents consist of gold nanoparticles, whose surface was modified with a biocompatible polymer, glycol chitosan. Gold nanoparticles absorbed light and generated photoacoustic signals; the surface coating polymer played an important role in the stability and functionality of gold nanoparticles in target sites. These glycol-chitosan-coated gold nanoparticles were applied to cancer cell imaging and lymph node mapping. After the selective accumulation of gold nanoparticles in the cancer cells or lymph nodes, gold nanoparticles produced enhanced photoacoustic signals through the plasmon coupling effect. Both in vitro and in vivo photoacoustic imaging confirmed the feasibility of glycol-chitosan coated gold nanoparticles as a photoacoustic contrast agent. The developed ultrasound contrast agents were composed of gold nanoparticles as a photocatalyst and azide compounds as a gas-generating precursor. If the gold nanoparticles were irradiated by a laser, they produced photo-induced electrons for the photolysis of azide compounds, which released nitrogen gas molecules. By these generated N2 bubbles, the enhanced contrast was achieved in ultrasound imaging. Based on these results, gas-generating gold nanorods were developed for ultrasound and photoacoustic multimodal imaging in in vivo applications. Because of the high absorption coefficient and the tunable surface plasmon resonance peak, gold nanorods have been a promising photoacoustic contrast agent. Moreover, these unique optical properties also enable photocatalytic reduction of azide groups with near IR laser. The developed azide-conjugated gold nanorods successfully generated enhanced photoacoustic and ultrasound signals during in vivo imaging. The developed photoacoustic and ultrasound contrast agents have synergistic effects by the combination of two energy sources into one imaging modality. As a result, both contrast-agent-aided photoacoustic imaging and laser-induced contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging techniques became possible. These new imaging techniques may overcome the limitations that conventional optical and ultrasound imaging have. Advisors/Committee Members: Emelianov, Stanislav (advisor), Xia, Younan (committee member), Dixon, Brandon (committee member), Robles , Francisco (committee member), El-Sayed, Mostafa (committee member), Kane, Ravi (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: photoacoustic contrast agent ultrasound contrast agent gold nanoparticles gas-generating particle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sun, I. (2018). The Development of Advanced Contrast Agents for Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/61598

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sun, In-Cheol. “The Development of Advanced Contrast Agents for Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed November 18, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/61598.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sun, In-Cheol. “The Development of Advanced Contrast Agents for Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging.” 2018. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Sun I. The Development of Advanced Contrast Agents for Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2018. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/61598.

Council of Science Editors:

Sun I. The Development of Advanced Contrast Agents for Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/61598

University of Louisville

6. El-Baz, Nagwa. A cancer-targeted gold nanoparticle-based MRI contrast agent.

Degree: MS, 2018, University of Louisville

URL: 10.18297/etd/3018 ; https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/3018

► In oncology, imaging plays a major role in terms of early detection and treatment of most types of cancer. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: MRI; AS1411; cancer; contrast agent; Nanomedicine

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APA (6^th Edition):

El-Baz, N. (2018). A cancer-targeted gold nanoparticle-based MRI contrast agent. (Masters Thesis). University of Louisville. Retrieved from 10.18297/etd/3018 ; https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/3018

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

El-Baz, Nagwa. “A cancer-targeted gold nanoparticle-based MRI contrast agent.” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of Louisville. Accessed November 18, 2019. 10.18297/etd/3018 ; https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/3018.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

El-Baz, Nagwa. “A cancer-targeted gold nanoparticle-based MRI contrast agent.” 2018. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

El-Baz N. A cancer-targeted gold nanoparticle-based MRI contrast agent. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Louisville; 2018. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: 10.18297/etd/3018 ; https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/3018.

Council of Science Editors:

El-Baz N. A cancer-targeted gold nanoparticle-based MRI contrast agent. [Masters Thesis]. University of Louisville; 2018. Available from: 10.18297/etd/3018 ; https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/3018

Rice University

7. Taheri, Nasim. Gadolinium Oxide Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications.

Degree: PhD, Natural Sciences, 2016, Rice University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1911/96531

► Of the recent biomedical studies devoted to the development of medical imaging techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been the subject of increased interest. MRI… (more)

▼ Of the recent biomedical studies devoted to the development of medical imaging techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been the subject of increased interest. MRI is a powerful diagnostic tool that offers detailed, high-resolution anatomical information by monitoring the relaxation rate of water protons in the presence of a strong magnetic field. However, two objectives that have yet to be fully achieved with MRI include generating efficient contrast and enhancing imaging sensitivity to a level that enables differentiating healthy tissue from malignant tissue. Developing an effective MRI contrast to enhance image quality has therefore become crucial to improving this promising technique. This thesis examines the performance of surface engineered gadolinium oxide nanocrystals as T1 MRI contrast agents. Gadolinium oxide nanocrystals are formed at high temperatures in organic solvents and phase transferred into biological media using a novel sulfonic acid copolymer. The surface engineered gadolinium oxide nanocrystals were designed to exploit the plate-like geometry of nanocrystals to form surfaces that are both accessible to water and effective at preventing particle-particle aggregation. The crystals’ anisotropic shape suggests that the gadolinium surface atoms on the thin plate edges can remain uncoated and thus available to water. The relaxivities of these materials are one order of magnitude (15 times) larger than commercial T1 contrast agents and other gadolinium-containing nanoparticles. The magnetic field dependence of their relaxation rates and the relatively weak size dependence of their relaxivity suggest that inner-sphere water relaxation at the edges of the nanocrystal are responsible for the high relaxation rates. These surfaces have significant potential as T1 MRI contrast agents, offering a non-invasive imaging alternative with numerous applications, including detection and characterization of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and tracking of stem cells in embryos. As part of this thesis, we introduced surface functionalized gadolinium oxide nanocrystals with three different surface coatings—each with unique characteristics. These materials were chosen because they are stable in relevant biological conditions while posing distinct responses in different environments. We examined the effect of surface coating, salt, and protein on the performance of gadolinium oxide nanocrystals as MRI contrast agents. We found that their behavior was altered in plasma, implying that surface coating has an important effect on their interactions with proteins. Moreover, we showed that, unlike other studies in deionized water in which relaxivity has a linear dependency, forming strong protein binding enables relaxivity measurement to be dependent on gadolinium concentration. Finally, we studied the possible cytotoxic effects of gadolinium oxide nanocrystals in vitro and in vivo. Since gadolinium ion is a heavy metal, it is important to ensure that it is shielded with… Advisors/Committee Members: Colvin, Vicki L. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Gadolinium Oxide Nanocrystals; MRI; Contrast Agent; Biomedical

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APA (6^th Edition):

Taheri, N. (2016). Gadolinium Oxide Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rice University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1911/96531

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Taheri, Nasim. “Gadolinium Oxide Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Rice University. Accessed November 18, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/96531.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Taheri, Nasim. “Gadolinium Oxide Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications.” 2016. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Taheri N. Gadolinium Oxide Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rice University; 2016. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1911/96531.

Council of Science Editors:

Taheri N. Gadolinium Oxide Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rice University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1911/96531

Rice University

8. Gizzatov, Ayrat. Carbon and Silicon Nanomaterials for Medical Nanotechnology Applications.

Degree: PhD, Natural Sciences, 2015, Rice University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1911/87823

► This dissertation focuses on the development of sp2-carbon- and silicon-based nanomaterials for medical diagnostics and in vivo magnetic field-guided delivery applications. To realize these applications,… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Carbon; Silicon; Nanomaterials; Medical; MRI; Contrast agent

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gizzatov, A. (2015). Carbon and Silicon Nanomaterials for Medical Nanotechnology Applications. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rice University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1911/87823

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gizzatov, Ayrat. “Carbon and Silicon Nanomaterials for Medical Nanotechnology Applications.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Rice University. Accessed November 18, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/87823.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gizzatov, Ayrat. “Carbon and Silicon Nanomaterials for Medical Nanotechnology Applications.” 2015. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Gizzatov A. Carbon and Silicon Nanomaterials for Medical Nanotechnology Applications. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rice University; 2015. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1911/87823.

Council of Science Editors:

Gizzatov A. Carbon and Silicon Nanomaterials for Medical Nanotechnology Applications. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rice University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1911/87823

University of Arizona

9. Hingorani, Dina Vinoo. Developing Responsive MRI Contrast Agents to Study Tumor Biology .

Degree: 2014, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/333481

► Enzymes are important biomarkers for determining tumor growth and progression. We have developed two molecules to image enzyme response by catalyCEST MRI. This technology allows… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Contrast agent; Enzymes; Imaging; Chemistry; CEST MRI

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hingorani, D. V. (2014). Developing Responsive MRI Contrast Agents to Study Tumor Biology . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/333481

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hingorani, Dina Vinoo. “Developing Responsive MRI Contrast Agents to Study Tumor Biology .” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed November 18, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/333481.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hingorani, Dina Vinoo. “Developing Responsive MRI Contrast Agents to Study Tumor Biology .” 2014. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Hingorani DV. Developing Responsive MRI Contrast Agents to Study Tumor Biology . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2014. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/333481.

Council of Science Editors:

Hingorani DV. Developing Responsive MRI Contrast Agents to Study Tumor Biology . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/333481

University of Arizona

10. Cardenas Rodriguez, Julio César. New Models and Contrast Agents for Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI .

Degree: 2012, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/222845

► Angiogenesis is a fundamental driver of tumor biology and many other important aspect of human health. Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) has been… (more)

▼ Angiogenesis is a fundamental driver of tumor biology and many other important aspect of human health. Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) has been shown to be a valuable biomarker for the indirect assessment of angiogenesis. However, DCE-MRI is very specialized technique that has limitations. In this dissertation new models and contrast agents to address some of these limitations are presented. Chapter 1 presents an introduction to DCE-MRI, the rationale to asses tumor biology with this technique, the MRI pulses sequences and the standard pharmacokinetic modeling used for the analysis of DCE- MRI data. Chapter 2 describes the application of DCE-MRI to asses the response to the hypoxia-activated drug TH-302. It is shown that DCE-MRI can detect a response after only 24 hours of initiating therapy. In Chapter 3, a new model for the analysis of DCE-MRI is presented, the so-called Linear Reference Region Model (LRRM). This new model improves upon existing models and it was demonstrated that it is ~620 faster than current algorithms and 5 times less sensitive to noise, and more importantly less sensitive to temporal resolution which enables the analysis of DCE-MRI data obtained in the clinical setting, which opens a new area of study in clinical MRI. Chapter 4 describes the extension of the LRRM to estimate the absolute permeability of two fluorinated contrast agents; we call this approach the Reference Agent Model (RAM). In order to make this new model an experimental reality, a novel pulse sequence and contrast agents (CA) for ¹⁹F MRI were developed. Two contributions to the field of DCE-MRI are presented in this chapter, the first simultaneous ¹⁹F-DCE-MRI detection of two fluorinated CA in a mouse model of breast cancer, and the estimation of their relative permeability. RAM eliminates some of the physiological variables that affect DCE-MRI, which may improve its sensitivity and specificity. Finally, new potential applications of LRRM and RAM are discussed in Chapter 5. Advisors/Committee Members: Pagel, Mark D (advisor), Mash, Eugene (committeemember), Ghosh, Indraneel (committeemember), Trouard, Theodore (committeemember), Backer, Amanda F. (committeemember), Pagel, Mark D. (committeemember).

Subjects/Keywords: Pharmacokinetics; Chemistry; Contrast Agent; DCE-MRI

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cardenas Rodriguez, J. C. (2012). New Models and Contrast Agents for Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/222845

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cardenas Rodriguez, Julio César. “New Models and Contrast Agents for Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI .” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed November 18, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/222845.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cardenas Rodriguez, Julio César. “New Models and Contrast Agents for Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI .” 2012. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Cardenas Rodriguez JC. New Models and Contrast Agents for Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2012. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/222845.

Council of Science Editors:

Cardenas Rodriguez JC. New Models and Contrast Agents for Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/222845

11. Ivory, Aoife. Development of an optimised subharmonic dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging technique for liver cancer.

Degree: School of Medicine. Discipline of Clinical Medicine, 2018, Trinity College Dublin

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2262/83757

► Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (DCEUS) using ultrasound contrast agents (UCA) is a non-invasive method of imaging the microvasculature, typically employing harmonic imaging. Subharmonic imaging (SHI) detects… (more)

▼ Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (DCEUS) using ultrasound contrast agents (UCA) is a non-invasive method of imaging the microvasculature, typically employing harmonic imaging. Subharmonic imaging (SHI) detects signals which are generated by the UCA but not by tissue, and holds potential for improving quantification accuracy. However, optimal transmission parameters have not yet been established. An optimised subharmonic imaging dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound technique for liver cancer is presented in this thesis. The technique was first developed in a controlled bench-level environment and then translated to a clinical ultrasound scanner. Methodologies: Two variations of the UCA SonoVue? (Bracco, Italy) were investigated in this work: the ?Native? UCA, which was made up as per the manufacturer?s instructions, and an ?Altered? UCA, which was altered to a narrower size distribution of 1 ? 4 ?m using the method of decantation. The size distribution of both UCA were measured using a Coulter Counter? (Beckman Coulter?, Life Sciences, USA). Bench-level bubble acoustic characterisation was carried out using a narrowband through-transmission system, which allowed control of the transmit beam parameters, transmit centre frequency and pulse length. Characterisation was performed across 1.8 ? 5 MHz and 1 ? 8 cycles. Frequency spectra were determined with the Welch periodogram and corrected for transmit and receive sensitivities of the single-element transducers (Olympus, USA). The subharmonic amplitude was measured at bandwidths defined at half the transmit frequency full-width half-maximum and full-width tenth-maximum. The optimum transmit parameters were translated to the clinical ultrasound system (Aixplorer?, Supersonic Imaging, France). A simple system was used to compare the ability of the system to detect changes in the concentration of the ?Native? and ?Altered? UCA. An anatomically-realistic perfusion phantom and a hepatic artery attenuation phantom were developed and manufactured. The two phantoms were used to test the ability of the clinical system to implement the optimised subharmonic imaging technique and detect differences in liver tissue. Results: The ?Altered? UCA had reduced polydispersity (1 ? 4 ?m; 99 % / 82 % bubble count / volume, respectively), compared to ?Native? (57 % bubble volume 4 ? 10 ?m). Both UCA generated the highest subharmonic signal when insonated at a pulse length of 3 cycles. The maximum measured ?Native? subharmonic signal peaked at a transmit frequency of 1.9 MHz, corresponding to subharmonic at 0.95MHz. This frequency increased in the ?Altered? UCA, to the range 2.3?2.5 MHz, bringing the subharmonic centre frequency above 1 MHz. Results supported that there is a lower subharmonic generation threshold when insonated near the resonance frequency, measured at 2.1 / 2.4 MHz for ?Native? / ?Altered? UCA. The ?Altered? UCA exhibited a more linear relationship with concentration in both subharmonic and subharmonic-to-fundamental ratio measurements for the raw and scan-converted… Advisors/Committee Members: Browne, Jacinta.

Subjects/Keywords: Dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound; Ultrasound contrast agent; Subharmonic Imaging; Acoustic characterisation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ivory, A. (2018). Development of an optimised subharmonic dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging technique for liver cancer. (Thesis). Trinity College Dublin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2262/83757

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ivory, Aoife. “Development of an optimised subharmonic dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging technique for liver cancer.” 2018. Thesis, Trinity College Dublin. Accessed November 18, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2262/83757.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ivory, Aoife. “Development of an optimised subharmonic dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging technique for liver cancer.” 2018. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Ivory A. Development of an optimised subharmonic dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging technique for liver cancer. [Internet] [Thesis]. Trinity College Dublin; 2018. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2262/83757.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ivory A. Development of an optimised subharmonic dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging technique for liver cancer. [Thesis]. Trinity College Dublin; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2262/83757

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Delft University of Technology

12. Villamar Jorgge, J.A. Effect of Bath Condition on the Diffusion of Contrast Agents Across Articular Cartilage:.

Degree: 2014, Delft University of Technology

URL: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:947d95ff-494f-482d-ad93-1cd1c63cd42c

► In the present study, the effect of concentration, osmolality and charge of x-ray contrast agents on their diffusion and equilibrium distribution across different zones of… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: articular cartilage; diffusion; contrast agent; contrast enhanced computed tomography; Visipaque; Hexabrix; cartilage zones; diffusion coefficient

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APA (6^th Edition):

Villamar Jorgge, J. A. (2014). Effect of Bath Condition on the Diffusion of Contrast Agents Across Articular Cartilage:. (Masters Thesis). Delft University of Technology. Retrieved from http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:947d95ff-494f-482d-ad93-1cd1c63cd42c

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Villamar Jorgge, J A. “Effect of Bath Condition on the Diffusion of Contrast Agents Across Articular Cartilage:.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Delft University of Technology. Accessed November 18, 2019. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:947d95ff-494f-482d-ad93-1cd1c63cd42c.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Villamar Jorgge, J A. “Effect of Bath Condition on the Diffusion of Contrast Agents Across Articular Cartilage:.” 2014. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Villamar Jorgge JA. Effect of Bath Condition on the Diffusion of Contrast Agents Across Articular Cartilage:. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2014. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:947d95ff-494f-482d-ad93-1cd1c63cd42c.

Council of Science Editors:

Villamar Jorgge JA. Effect of Bath Condition on the Diffusion of Contrast Agents Across Articular Cartilage:. [Masters Thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2014. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:947d95ff-494f-482d-ad93-1cd1c63cd42c

Vanderbilt University

13. Semmineh, Natenael Berhanu. Computational and Experimental Investigation of DSC-MRI Signal Behavior in Magnetically Inhomogeneous Media.

Degree: PhD, Physics, 2014, Vanderbilt University

URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-04172014-090541/ ;

► The systematic investigation of susceptibility-induced contrast in MRI is important to improve our understanding of the influence of tissue microstructure on dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)-MRI… (more)

▼ The systematic investigation of susceptibility-induced contrast in MRI is important to improve our understanding of the influence of tissue microstructure on dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)-MRI derived perfusion data. The Finite Perturber Method (FPM) has previously been used to investigate susceptibility contrast in MRI arising from arbitrarily shaped structures. However, the FPM has low computational efficiency in simulating water diffusion, especially for complex three-dimensional structures that mimic tissue. In this work, an improved computational approach that combines the FPM with a matrix-based finite difference method (FDM), termed the Finite Perturber Finite Difference Method (FPFDM), was developed to more efficiently investigate the biophysical basis of DSC-MRI data and its sensitivity to vascular geometry and contrast agent (CA) distribution within tissue. The application of the FPFDM to the physiological and physical conditions encountered in a typical DSC-MRI brain tumor study enabled the derivation of a new DSC-MRI metric, termed the Transverse Relaxivity at Tracer Equilibrium (TRATE), which we propose specifically reports on tumor cellular properties. Computational FPFDM studies revealed that TRATE depends on cellular density, size, shape and spatial distribution. To validate the in vivo sensitivity of TRATE it was evaluated in two animal brain tumor models, the 9L and C6, which have varying cellular characteristics. The TRATE values were also compared to measures of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), the CA transfer constant (Ktrans), the extravascular extracellular volume fraction (ve) and histological data. The TRATE values in 9L tumors were significantly higher than those in C6 tumors, a finding that reflects the histologically confirmed higher cell density in 9L tumors and lower cellular density. A voxel-wise comparison of TRATE with ADC, ve, and Ktrans maps showed low spatial correlation, indicating it is providing unique and complementary information on tumor status. In summary, the studies described herein highlight the value of pairing computational and experimental advancements in order to enhance our characterization of DSC-MRI contrast mechanisms and how such mechanisms can be leveraged to derive new non-invasive metrics for evaluating brain tumors. Advisors/Committee Members: Kalman Varga (committee member), David J. Ernst (committee member), John C. Gore (committee member), Daniel F. Gochberg (committee member), C. Chad Quarles (chair).

Subjects/Keywords: dynamic susceptibility contrast; transverse relaxation; vascular structures; cellular structures; contrast agent leakage; diffusion.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Semmineh, N. B. (2014). Computational and Experimental Investigation of DSC-MRI Signal Behavior in Magnetically Inhomogeneous Media. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-04172014-090541/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Semmineh, Natenael Berhanu. “Computational and Experimental Investigation of DSC-MRI Signal Behavior in Magnetically Inhomogeneous Media.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed November 18, 2019. http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-04172014-090541/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Semmineh, Natenael Berhanu. “Computational and Experimental Investigation of DSC-MRI Signal Behavior in Magnetically Inhomogeneous Media.” 2014. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Semmineh NB. Computational and Experimental Investigation of DSC-MRI Signal Behavior in Magnetically Inhomogeneous Media. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2014. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-04172014-090541/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Semmineh NB. Computational and Experimental Investigation of DSC-MRI Signal Behavior in Magnetically Inhomogeneous Media. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2014. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-04172014-090541/ ;

University of Toronto

14. Tabatabaeifar, Leila. The Utility of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound in the Assessment of Solid Small Renal Masses.

Degree: 2013, University of Toronto

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/35141

►

Purpose: To compare hemodynamic of malignant and benign SRMs on CT and CEUS. Method: Seventy biopsy proven SRM underwent CEUS. Sixty-three had CT. After injection… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound, microbubble contrast agent, solid small renal mass, kidney, cancer, Definity; 0574

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Tabatabaeifar, L. (2013). The Utility of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound in the Assessment of Solid Small Renal Masses. (Masters Thesis). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/35141

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tabatabaeifar, Leila. “The Utility of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound in the Assessment of Solid Small Renal Masses.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Toronto. Accessed November 18, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/35141.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tabatabaeifar, Leila. “The Utility of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound in the Assessment of Solid Small Renal Masses.” 2013. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Tabatabaeifar L. The Utility of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound in the Assessment of Solid Small Renal Masses. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Toronto; 2013. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/35141.

Council of Science Editors:

Tabatabaeifar L. The Utility of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound in the Assessment of Solid Small Renal Masses. [Masters Thesis]. University of Toronto; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/35141

15. Neves, Herbert Rodrigo. Nanopartículas antiferromagnéticas de MnO para aplicações em biomedicina como agentes de contraste.

Degree: Mestrado, Físico-Química, 2012, University of São Paulo

URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75134/tde-17042012-165853/ ;

►

Nanomateriais têm sido amplamente estudados, como resultado de suas propriedades físicas e químicas diferenciadas, que oferecem um grande número de possibilidades para aplicações em biomedicina,… (more)

▼

Nanomateriais têm sido amplamente estudados, como resultado de suas propriedades físicas e químicas diferenciadas, que oferecem um grande número de possibilidades para aplicações em biomedicina, principalmente na terapia de câncer e no desenvolvimento de estratégias de diagnóstico não invasivo. O óxido de ferro superparamagnético (SPION) é o principal material estudado como agente de contraste para imagem por ressonância magnética, devido à sua capacidade de reduzir o tempo de relaxação transversal (T2) em diferentes tecidos e sua menor toxicidade que os complexos de Gd3+ e Mn2+ usados atualmente. Entretanto, o acumulo de SPIONs pode ser facilmente confundido com sinais referentes à calcificação, depósito de metais pesados e sangramentos, e a alta susceptibilidade magnética do material promove distorções na imagem. Assim, alguns aspectos são desejáveis em material para que este tenha potencial para substituir o SPION, tais como forma nanoparticulada, para fácil modificação de superfície e possibilidade de funcionalização com agentes biosseletivos, e contraste positivo em T1. As nanopartículas (NPs) antiferromagnéticas de MnO atendem a todos os requisitos necessários para substituir o óxido de ferro. As NPs de MnO foram sintetizadas a partir da decomposição térmica do acetilacetonato de manganês(II) em uma variação do método poliol modificado, resultando na formação de NPs com tamanho médio de 21 ± 3,9 nm. Foi realizada a substituição de ligantes de superfície para que se substituísse o ácido oleico adsorvido sobre o material por 3-aminopropiltrimetoxisilano (APTMS) e foi determinada a concentração de grupamentos amino sobre a superfície das NPs. Posteriormente, obteve-se uma estrutura do tipo \"core/shelld̈ispersível em meio aquoso e biocompatível pela reação dos grupos amino livres com o carboxilato da carboximetil dextrana (CMDex). O potencial de superfície e a estabilidade coloidal das NPs funcionalizadas foram caracterizados por mobilidade eletroforética e por espalhamento de luz dinâmico em água deionizada e em condições que mimetizavam o sangue. As NPs apresentaram toxicidade em células cancerosas de carcinoma cervical humano (HeLa). Entretanto, não foi observada toxicidade significativa na linhagem de células não cancerosas NCTC clone L929. Tanto as NPs como sintetizadas quanto as recobertas com CMDex apresentaram controle de tamanho e forma, apresentando distribuição de tamanho compatível com o esperado para as aplicações em biomedicina.

Nanomaterials have been widely studied as a result of their interesting physical and chemical properties, which offer a large number of possibilities for applications in biomedicine mainly in cancer therapy and the development of strategies for non-invasive diagnosis. The superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) is the main studied material as contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to its ability to reduce the transverse relaxation time (T2) in different tissues and lower toxicity than Gd3+ and Mn2+ complexes currently used. However, this…

Advisors/Committee Members: Varanda, Laudemir Carlos.

Subjects/Keywords: agente de contraste; antiferromagnetism; antiferromagnetismo; contrast agent; MnO; MnO

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Neves, H. R. (2012). Nanopartículas antiferromagnéticas de MnO para aplicações em biomedicina como agentes de contraste. (Masters Thesis). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75134/tde-17042012-165853/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Neves, Herbert Rodrigo. “Nanopartículas antiferromagnéticas de MnO para aplicações em biomedicina como agentes de contraste.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of São Paulo. Accessed November 18, 2019. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75134/tde-17042012-165853/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Neves, Herbert Rodrigo. “Nanopartículas antiferromagnéticas de MnO para aplicações em biomedicina como agentes de contraste.” 2012. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Neves HR. Nanopartículas antiferromagnéticas de MnO para aplicações em biomedicina como agentes de contraste. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2012. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75134/tde-17042012-165853/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Neves HR. Nanopartículas antiferromagnéticas de MnO para aplicações em biomedicina como agentes de contraste. [Masters Thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2012. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75134/tde-17042012-165853/ ;

University of Canterbury

16. Butzer, Jochen Sieghard. MARS-CT: Biomedical Spectral X-ray Imaging with Medipix.

Degree: Physics and Astronomy, 2009, University of Canterbury

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3863

► Computed Tomography is one of the most important image modalities in medical imaging nowadays. Recent developments have led to a new acquisition technique called 'dual-energy',… (more)

▼ Computed Tomography is one of the most important image modalities in medical imaging nowadays. Recent developments have led to a new acquisition technique called 'dual-energy', where images are taken with different x-ray spectra. This enables for the first time spectral information in the CT dataset. Our approach was to use an energy resolving detector (Medipix) and investigate its potential in the medical imaging domain. Images are taken in different energy bins. For acquisition of the data, a CT scanner called 'Medipix All Resolution System' (MARS) scanner was constructed. It was upgraded to achieve better image quality as well as faster scan time and a stable operation. In medical imaging, it is important to achieve a high contrast and a good detail recognition at a low dose. Therefore, it is common practice to use contrast agents to highlight certain regions of the body like e.g. the vascular system. But with a broad spectrum acquisition, it is often impossible to distinguish highly absorbing body elements like bones from the contrast agent. We target this problem by a contrast agent study using different energy bins. This so called spectral contrast agent study has been conducted with small animals using the MARS scanner. The data has been processed to create an optimal CT reconstruction. The image enhancement techniques consist of corrections for noisy pixels, intensity fluctuations and eliminating streaks in the sinograms to reduce ring artifacts. In order to evaluate the data, we used two methods of material identification. The material reconstruction method works on projection data and uses a maximum-likelihood estimation to reconstruct images of base materials. The second method, the principal component analysis (PCA), identifies the relevant information from the spectral dataset in a few derived variables that account for most of the variance in the dataset. This resulted in images with enhanced contrast and removed redundancies. It is possible to combine these images in one colour image where anatomical structures are shown in good detail and certain materials show up in different colors. Based on this new information from spectral data, we could show that it is possible to distinguish the spinal bone from contrast agent.

Subjects/Keywords: Computed Tomography; CT; X-ray; Imaging; Medipix; Contrast agent; PCA; MARS

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Butzer, J. S. (2009). MARS-CT: Biomedical Spectral X-ray Imaging with Medipix. (Thesis). University of Canterbury. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3863

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Butzer, Jochen Sieghard. “MARS-CT: Biomedical Spectral X-ray Imaging with Medipix.” 2009. Thesis, University of Canterbury. Accessed November 18, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3863.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Butzer, Jochen Sieghard. “MARS-CT: Biomedical Spectral X-ray Imaging with Medipix.” 2009. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Butzer JS. MARS-CT: Biomedical Spectral X-ray Imaging with Medipix. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Canterbury; 2009. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3863.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Butzer JS. MARS-CT: Biomedical Spectral X-ray Imaging with Medipix. [Thesis]. University of Canterbury; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3863

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

The Ohio State University

17. Liang, Jiachao. Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging at High and Ultra-high Fields.

Degree: PhD, Biomedical Engineering, 2008, The Ohio State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1228327344

► Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been established as a primary imaging module in clinical practices. The usefulness of MR contrast agents to improve visualization… (more)

▼ Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been established as a primary imaging module in clinical practices. The usefulness of MR contrast agents to improve visualization of MR imaging is firmly established. Extracellular gadolinium(Gd)-based contrast agents are the most widely used MR contrast media. The Gd-based contrast agent is intravenously injected, follows the pathway of blood circulation, enters into extravascular space, and then diffuses back into the vasculature, thereby acting as a probe to visualize microcirculatory properties. Functional dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) uses T1-weighted acquisition to observe the uptake of contrast agents. The use of DCE-MRI has become increasingly widespread for quantifying and visualizing microvascular characteristics such as microvessel density and vascular permeability. Pharmacokinetic analysis of DCE-MRI can assess pathophysiological permeability changes in cancerous tissues with abnormal angiogenesis. Different kinetic models of DCE-MRI were used, including a modified two-compartment pharmacokinetic model based on more realistic model assumptions. Using all of these pharmacokinetic models to investigate the predictors of imaging biomarkers were performed at 1.5T, 3T and 7T MRI systems. Total 45 patients with metastasis thyroid carcinomas were enrolled in a clinical trial study using a RAF/VEGF-R inhibitor drug. DCE-MRI was performed in a baseline scan and followup scans after every eight weeks during therapy. DCE-MRI pharmacokinetic results were correlated with biomarkers, such as serum calcitonin and RESICT measurement. The study showed DCE-MRI appeared to be a valuable diagnostic adjunct for monitoring the microvascular properties of malignant tumors during anti-angiogenic therapy. Therapy monitoring using DCE-MRI provides the capability for evaluating the biologic therapeutic responses by a clinically readily available approach. This also indicates that this approach appears feasible for clinical drug development and validation as an imaging biomarker in 1.5T and 3T clinical MR systems. Ultra-high field MR imaging can provide higher signal to noise ratio (SNR), superior temple and special resolution. In this dissertation, a pre-clinical MR contrast agents comparison study using DCE-MRI was demonstrated in the ultra-high field 7T scanner using a pre-clinical beagle dog model. The study compared three Gd-based contrast agents and standardized the clinical MR contrast agent injection protocol for DCE-MRI under ultra-high field 7T system. Advisors/Committee Members: Knopp, Michael V. (Advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Radiology; DCE-MRI; Ultra-high field; High field; Contrast Agent

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Liang, J. (2008). Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging at High and Ultra-high Fields. (Doctoral Dissertation). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1228327344

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Liang, Jiachao. “Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging at High and Ultra-high Fields.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University. Accessed November 18, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1228327344.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Liang, Jiachao. “Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging at High and Ultra-high Fields.” 2008. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Liang J. Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging at High and Ultra-high Fields. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2008. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1228327344.

Council of Science Editors:

Liang J. Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging at High and Ultra-high Fields. [Doctoral Dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2008. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1228327344

NSYSU

18. Liu, Jhih-Jhong. Behavior of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents under Magic-Angle-Spinning.

Degree: Master, Chemistry, 2007, NSYSU

URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0815107-212927

none Advisors/Committee Members: Shuchen Hsieh (chair), none (committee member), CHAO-MING CHIANG (chair).

Subjects/Keywords: Contrast agent; Magic angle spinning

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Liu, J. (2007). Behavior of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents under Magic-Angle-Spinning. (Thesis). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0815107-212927

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Liu, Jhih-Jhong. “Behavior of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents under Magic-Angle-Spinning.” 2007. Thesis, NSYSU. Accessed November 18, 2019. http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0815107-212927.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Liu, Jhih-Jhong. “Behavior of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents under Magic-Angle-Spinning.” 2007. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Liu J. Behavior of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents under Magic-Angle-Spinning. [Internet] [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2007. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0815107-212927.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Liu J. Behavior of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents under Magic-Angle-Spinning. [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2007. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0815107-212927

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

NSYSU

19. Hsin, Yu-Chun. The Crowding Effect of Ficoll 70 on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent Dotarem and Comparison with Other Macromolecular Crowders.

Degree: Master, Chemistry, 2014, NSYSU

URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0526114-015528

► Owing to its many advantages such as noninvasiveness and its ability for providing multiple layers of information on structure and dynamics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)… (more)

▼ Owing to its many advantages such as noninvasiveness and its ability for providing multiple layers of information on structure and dynamics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an essential clinical equipment but also a powerful tool for basic research in various fields. By using MRI contrast agents, more specificity and selectivity can be achieved with MRI, which has prompted the development of thousands of MRI contrast agents over the past decades. The performance of the MRI contrast agent depends on their chemical structure and the interaction with the other molecules around them such as water. The basic principle of MRI contrast agents is to increase water relaxation with paramagnetic ions. The performance of an MRI contrast agent depends not only on the structure and dynamics of the compound, but also on the environment it is located. In a typical living system, there are lots of macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, sugars, nucleic acids, ribosomes etc, making cell a highly crowded environment. To obtain insight into the influence of water motions by Dotarem under the crowded conditions, we use three types of crowding agent (Ficoll 70ãNaPAãPEG6000). Ficoll 70 (70 kDa) is a synthetic crowding agent and a cross-linked sucrose polymer. NaPA and PEG6000 are linear structural polymers. We used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) to measure the longitudinal relaxation rate (R1), transverse relaxation rate (R2), translational diffusion, MRI and NMRD (Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation Dispersion) under different concentrations of crowders and contrast agent. We have found that macromolecular crowding effect is an important contributing factor that affects the performance of MRI contrast agents. The details of the crowding effect of different crowding agents are compared and discussed. The results demonstrate the significant effect of crowders on the relaxivity of MRI contrast agent and indicate that a molecular level understanding of the relaxtion mechanism of MRI contrast agent in a crowded environment helps establishment of a microscopic picture of MRI contrast generation and prevents mistakes in diagnosis in medical MRI. Advisors/Committee Members: Chun-hu Chen (chair), Shangwu (Sam) Ding (committee member), Jiin-Tsuey Cheng (chair), Chao-Ming Chiang (chair).

Subjects/Keywords: MRI; macromolecular; crowding effect; contrast agent; Ficoll 70

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hsin, Y. (2014). The Crowding Effect of Ficoll 70 on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent Dotarem and Comparison with Other Macromolecular Crowders. (Thesis). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0526114-015528

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hsin, Yu-Chun. “The Crowding Effect of Ficoll 70 on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent Dotarem and Comparison with Other Macromolecular Crowders.” 2014. Thesis, NSYSU. Accessed November 18, 2019. http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0526114-015528.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hsin, Yu-Chun. “The Crowding Effect of Ficoll 70 on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent Dotarem and Comparison with Other Macromolecular Crowders.” 2014. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Hsin Y. The Crowding Effect of Ficoll 70 on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent Dotarem and Comparison with Other Macromolecular Crowders. [Internet] [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2014. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0526114-015528.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Hsin Y. The Crowding Effect of Ficoll 70 on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent Dotarem and Comparison with Other Macromolecular Crowders. [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2014. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0526114-015528

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Universiteit Utrecht

20. Oorschot, J.W.M. van. Endogenous assessment of myocardial fibrosis with quantitative MRI.

Degree: 2016, Universiteit Utrecht

URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/328798

► In this thesis, we have studied the use of quantitative MR contrast mechanisms, that could potentially be used for endogenous detection of myocardial fibrosis in… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: MRI; Cardiac; Heart; Endogenous; T1rho; Magnetization Transfer; Contrast agent; Native

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Oorschot, J. W. M. v. (2016). Endogenous assessment of myocardial fibrosis with quantitative MRI. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/328798

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Oorschot, J W M van. “Endogenous assessment of myocardial fibrosis with quantitative MRI.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed November 18, 2019. http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/328798.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Oorschot, J W M van. “Endogenous assessment of myocardial fibrosis with quantitative MRI.” 2016. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Oorschot JWMv. Endogenous assessment of myocardial fibrosis with quantitative MRI. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2016. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/328798.

Council of Science Editors:

Oorschot JWMv. Endogenous assessment of myocardial fibrosis with quantitative MRI. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2016. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/328798

Georgia State University

21. Wei, Lixia. Development of a Novel Protein Based MRI Contrast Agent for Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer.

Degree: PhD, Biology, 2010, Georgia State University

URL: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/biology_diss/75

► Molecular Imaging provides new aspects in cancer diagnosis and treatment. With the ap-plication of imaging and biological techniques, molecular imaging can monitor molecular and cellular… (more)

▼ Molecular Imaging provides new aspects in cancer diagnosis and treatment. With the ap-plication of imaging and biological techniques, molecular imaging can monitor molecular and cellular changes of different diseases. To interpret the mechanism of disease, more and more at-tention is focused on the development of new probes for molecular imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful, non-invasive clinical diagnostic tool with high spatial resolution without the limitation of the depth of tissues. Applications of MRI contrast agents can amply the MRI signal during imaging. Many studies have been devoted to developing targeted MR contrast agents. Proteins and peptides have been widely used for target-ing cancer cells in cancer diagnosis and treatments. GRP, gastrin-releasing peptide, is one of a well-characterized group of mammalian bombesin-like peptides. GRP acts through its cell surface receptors, GRP receptor (GRPR). It has been reported that there is a high density of GRP receptors in the majority of prostate carci-noma. In contrast, the GRPRs are not highly expressed in normal cells of most tissues. Thus, this tumor specific expression pattern provides an advantage for cancer targeting. A novel class of MRI contrast agent was designed by adding the Gd3+ binding sites into a stable host protein, the domain 1 of rat CD2. Due to the unique features of the designed metal binding properties, the protein contrast agent (ProCA1) exhibits more than 10-fold enhanced MRI relaxivity compared to that of the more commonly used Gd-DTPA. The high relaxivity of the designed protein contrast agent largely overcomes the major barrier of low sensitivity of MRI techniques. A peptide of ten amino acids from the C-terminal of GRP was grafted onto ProCA1. GRP-grafted protein contrast agents (ProCA1.GRPs) showed the targeting capability to the GRPRs which are over-expressed on prostate cancer cells. Cell MRI Imaging demonstrated that ProCA1.GRP(52) grafted between Lys51 and Ser52 had better targeting capability than C-terminal one. Administration of ProCA1.GRP into xenograft tumor model enhances the contrast in the GRPR+ prostate tumor under MRI and optical imaging. Study demonstrated a potential application for disease marker targeted MR imaging by using our developed protein contrast agent. Advisors/Committee Members: Zhi-Ren Liu - Committee Chair, Delon Barfuss - Committee Member, Hui Mao - Committee Member, Jenny Yang - Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: GRPR; GRP; MRI; Contrast agent; Relaxivity; Prostate cancer; Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wei, L. (2010). Development of a Novel Protein Based MRI Contrast Agent for Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/biology_diss/75

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wei, Lixia. “Development of a Novel Protein Based MRI Contrast Agent for Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia State University. Accessed November 18, 2019. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/biology_diss/75.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wei, Lixia. “Development of a Novel Protein Based MRI Contrast Agent for Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer.” 2010. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Wei L. Development of a Novel Protein Based MRI Contrast Agent for Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia State University; 2010. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/biology_diss/75.

Council of Science Editors:

Wei L. Development of a Novel Protein Based MRI Contrast Agent for Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia State University; 2010. Available from: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/biology_diss/75

Georgia State University

22. Jiang, Jie. Tuning Calcium Bindging Affinities with Related Biological Functions of Calmodulin and Designing Protein Based Contrast Agent.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2011, Georgia State University

URL: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/60

► Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous intracellular protein that regulates biological activities of numerous enzymes and ion channels. Upon responding Ca²⁺ concentration change, Ca²⁺- dependent^…
(more)

Subjects/Keywords: Calmodulin; Calcium; RyR1 channel; Phosphodiesterase; MRI; Contrast agent; Relaxivity; Biomarker; Chemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jiang, J. (2011). Tuning Calcium Bindging Affinities with Related Biological Functions of Calmodulin and Designing Protein Based Contrast Agent. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/60

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jiang, Jie. “Tuning Calcium Bindging Affinities with Related Biological Functions of Calmodulin and Designing Protein Based Contrast Agent.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia State University. Accessed November 18, 2019. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/60.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jiang, Jie. “Tuning Calcium Bindging Affinities with Related Biological Functions of Calmodulin and Designing Protein Based Contrast Agent.” 2011. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Jiang J. Tuning Calcium Bindging Affinities with Related Biological Functions of Calmodulin and Designing Protein Based Contrast Agent. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia State University; 2011. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/60.

Council of Science Editors:

Jiang J. Tuning Calcium Bindging Affinities with Related Biological Functions of Calmodulin and Designing Protein Based Contrast Agent. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia State University; 2011. Available from: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/60

Georgia State University

23. Xue, Shenghui. Design of Novel Protein-based MRI Contrast Agernets with High Relaxivity and Stability for Biomedical Imaging.

Degree: PhD, Biology, 2013, Georgia State University

URL: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/biology_diss/133

► Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the leading imaging technique for disease diagnostics. MRI contrast agents facilitate MRI technique to obtain tissue-specific image with improved… (more)

▼ Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the leading imaging technique for disease diagnostics. MRI contrast agents facilitate MRI technique to obtain tissue-specific image with improved sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio. However, the applications of current MRI contrast agents are hampered by their uncontrolled blood circulation time, low relaxivity, and low specificity. To address such need, I have developed a series of analitical methods to determine and evaluate the strong metal binding affinity and metal selectivity of developed protein-based contrast agents (ProCAs). In addition, we have successed designed contrast agents ProCA3 series based on key determinats for metal binding sites and relaxivity. We have dementrated that one of the ProCA3 variants, ProCA32, has a high Gd³⁺ affinity less than 10^-21 M and high metal selectivity with relxivity of more than 30 mM^-1s^-1 per Gd and 60 mM^-1s^-1 per particle. Moreover, we have demonstrated that ProCA3 variants have proper blood circulation time, high relaxivity, high metal selectivity and low toxicity, which facilitate MR imaging of multiple organs, such as liver, kidney, and blood vessels, as well as tumors. ProCA32 is also able to image liver metastases a tumor size less than 0.25 mm, which is more than fourty times more sensitive than that of clinical diagnostics of liver metastases using MRI and our developed methodology. We have further created ProCA3 variants with targeting peptide moieties such as ProCA3.bomb or ProCA3.affi to against cancer biomarkers such as GRPR and HER2 with capability to imaging tumor biomarker expressions in vivo at molecular level. We have shown that ProCA3 has an excellent safety profile and pharmacokinetics for MRI in animals. With our additional effect in protein expression, modification, and scale up production of these developed protein contrast agents, ProCA3 is expected to be a promising MRI contrast for the diagnostics for disease, such as metastatic tumor and blood vessel abnormalities, and tumor biomarkers. Advisors/Committee Members: Zhi-Ren Liu, Jenny J. Yang, Phang C. Tai, Ritu Aneja.

Subjects/Keywords: MRI contrast agent; Gadolinium; Melanoma; Tumor diagnostics; Liver metastasis; Relaxivities

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APA (6^th Edition):

Xue, S. (2013). Design of Novel Protein-based MRI Contrast Agernets with High Relaxivity and Stability for Biomedical Imaging. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/biology_diss/133

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Xue, Shenghui. “Design of Novel Protein-based MRI Contrast Agernets with High Relaxivity and Stability for Biomedical Imaging.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia State University. Accessed November 18, 2019. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/biology_diss/133.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Xue, Shenghui. “Design of Novel Protein-based MRI Contrast Agernets with High Relaxivity and Stability for Biomedical Imaging.” 2013. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Xue S. Design of Novel Protein-based MRI Contrast Agernets with High Relaxivity and Stability for Biomedical Imaging. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia State University; 2013. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/biology_diss/133.

Council of Science Editors:

Xue S. Design of Novel Protein-based MRI Contrast Agernets with High Relaxivity and Stability for Biomedical Imaging. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia State University; 2013. Available from: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/biology_diss/133

Georgia State University

24. Pu, Fan. Development of Novel Protein-Based MRI Contrast Agents for the Molecular Imaging of Cancer Biomarkers.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2014, Georgia State University

URL: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/105

► Temporal and spatial molecular imaging of disease biomarkers using non-invasive MRI with high resolution is largely limited by lack of MRI contrast agents with… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: MRI contrast agent; GRPR; prostate cancer; PSMA; VEGFR-2

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pu, F. (2014). Development of Novel Protein-Based MRI Contrast Agents for the Molecular Imaging of Cancer Biomarkers. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/105

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pu, Fan. “Development of Novel Protein-Based MRI Contrast Agents for the Molecular Imaging of Cancer Biomarkers.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia State University. Accessed November 18, 2019. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/105.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pu, Fan. “Development of Novel Protein-Based MRI Contrast Agents for the Molecular Imaging of Cancer Biomarkers.” 2014. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Pu F. Development of Novel Protein-Based MRI Contrast Agents for the Molecular Imaging of Cancer Biomarkers. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia State University; 2014. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/105.

Council of Science Editors:

Pu F. Development of Novel Protein-Based MRI Contrast Agents for the Molecular Imaging of Cancer Biomarkers. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia State University; 2014. Available from: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/105

University of Louisville

25. Wang, Jianting, 1983-. Theoretical and experimental studies on manipulation of fluorescence by gold nanoparticle : application for molecular imaging.

Degree: PhD, 2011, University of Louisville

URL: 10.18297/etd/1512 ; https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/1512

► Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have shown beneficial properties for biomedical use, e.g., their non-toxic nature and surface properties for easy modification. Upon receiving light, they generate… (more)

▼ Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have shown beneficial properties for biomedical use, e.g., their non-toxic nature and surface properties for easy modification. Upon receiving light, they generate a strong surface plasmon field, which can alter the fluorescence of fluorophores. The level and type of the fluorescence alteration depend on the GNP size and shape, excitation (Ex)/emission (Em) wavelengths and quantum yield of the fluorophore, as well as the distance between the fluorophore and GNP. In this dissertation, the effect of the properties listed above on the fluorescence output was theoretically analyzed for the fluorophores frequently used in biomedical studies. For fluorescence quenching, fluorophores with the Em wavelength near the GNP plasmon resonance peak (520 nm) are better suited. As the Em wavelength increases, a shorter distance is required for achieving the same level of quenching. A bigger GNP requires shorter distance for quenching. To obtain fluorescence enhancement, the Em wavelength of the fluorophore needs to be longer than the GNP plasmon resonance peak (e.g., > 650 nm). The fluorophore with lower intrinsic quantum yield tends to be enhanced more. The GNP needs to be sufficiently large (> 5 nm), and a bigger GNP provides a higher maximum enhancement. Utilizing the quenching/enhancement ability of GNPs, a near-infrared (NIR) contrast agent that emits fluorescence at a higher level only at the particular cancer site was developed. Cypate, a safe NIR fluorophore, was selected as the fluorophore because NIR penetrates deeper into tissue and because Cypate is non-toxic. Cypate was conjugated to a GNP via two spacers. One is short for the quenching and with a substrate for a breast cancer-specific enzyme, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). The other is a long, biocompatible polymer chain for fluorescence enhancement. The fluorescence of the contrast agent was quenched by GNP by 93%. In the presence of uPA, the short spacer was cleaved and the remaining long spacer enhanced fluorescence 1.8 times. The study results are beneficial for developing efficacious optical contrast agents. This novel contrast agent can detect and diagnose breast cancer with high specificity and sensitivity, as FRET or molecular beacon but with a higher sensitivity and without the restriction of using DNA/RNA segments. Advisors/Committee Members: Kang, Kyung A..

Subjects/Keywords: Optical contrast agent; Bioimaging; Gold nanoparticle; Biosensing; Fluorescence manipulation; Molecular imaging

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wang, Jianting, 1. (2011). Theoretical and experimental studies on manipulation of fluorescence by gold nanoparticle : application for molecular imaging. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Louisville. Retrieved from 10.18297/etd/1512 ; https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/1512

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wang, Jianting, 1983-. “Theoretical and experimental studies on manipulation of fluorescence by gold nanoparticle : application for molecular imaging.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Louisville. Accessed November 18, 2019. 10.18297/etd/1512 ; https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/1512.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wang, Jianting, 1983-. “Theoretical and experimental studies on manipulation of fluorescence by gold nanoparticle : application for molecular imaging.” 2011. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Wang, Jianting 1. Theoretical and experimental studies on manipulation of fluorescence by gold nanoparticle : application for molecular imaging. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Louisville; 2011. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: 10.18297/etd/1512 ; https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/1512.

Council of Science Editors:

Wang, Jianting 1. Theoretical and experimental studies on manipulation of fluorescence by gold nanoparticle : application for molecular imaging. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Louisville; 2011. Available from: 10.18297/etd/1512 ; https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/1512

Case Western Reserve University

26. Liu, Guanshu. DEVELOPMENT OF PARACEST MRI TO DETECT CANCER BIOMARKERS.

Degree: PhD, Biomedical Engineering, 2008, Case Western Reserve University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1199932704

► Molecular imaging has become one of the most significant developments in MRI in the last decade with dramatic impacts for disease diagnosis and therapy. A… (more)

▼ Molecular imaging has become one of the most significant developments in MRI in the last decade with dramatic impacts for disease diagnosis and therapy. A novel MRI contrast strategy named PARAmagnetic Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer(PARACEST) can exploit the NMR chemical shift to selectively detect molecular biomarkers, while retaining the sensitivity and spatial resolution of MRI. The development of this novel approach for cancer biomarker detection is described in the following chapters. Chapter 1: Background information is presented about the relevance of biomarker detection by molecular imaging and MRI molecular imaging. The mechanisms of MRI contrast agent including T ₁contrast agents, T ₂/T ₂* contrast agents and CEST/PARACEST contrast agents are introduced. The PARACEST contrast mechanism is then emphasized for the potential biomedical applications. Chapter 2: A new irreversible nitric oxide (NO) responsive PARACEST MRI contrast agent, Yb-DO3oAA, has been designed, synthesized and characterized. The PARACEST effects have been investigated with respect to pH, temperature, and concentration for the in vivoapplicability. The ability to detect NO has been demonstrated in vitro. Chapter 3: A new MRI method has been developed for assessing in vivo pH by using a PARACEST MRI contrast agent Yb-DO3AoAA. A ratiometric approach has been employed based on the two intra-molecular PARACEST signals. Our study has demonstrated that this method can be used for measuring extracellular pH within in vivo animal models without the need for a second “control” agent. Chapter 4: New MRI pulse sequences have been developed to address the poor temporal resolution challenges for the in vivoapplications of PARACEST agents. Different strategies have been developed for the applications in different in vivo environments. These new MRI methods have been developed for high field small animal studies and tested both within in vitroand in vivomodels. Chapter 5: The major drawbacks and technical hurdles in PARACEST studies are presented and followed by the discussion of future developments. A number of potential projects thereby are proposed as future studies. Advisors/Committee Members: Pagel, Mark (Advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Engineering, Biomedical; MRI; molecular imaging; contrast agent; PARACEST; cancer biomarker

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APA (6^th Edition):

Liu, G. (2008). DEVELOPMENT OF PARACEST MRI TO DETECT CANCER BIOMARKERS. (Doctoral Dissertation). Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1199932704

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Liu, Guanshu. “DEVELOPMENT OF PARACEST MRI TO DETECT CANCER BIOMARKERS.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, Case Western Reserve University. Accessed November 18, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1199932704.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Liu, Guanshu. “DEVELOPMENT OF PARACEST MRI TO DETECT CANCER BIOMARKERS.” 2008. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Liu G. DEVELOPMENT OF PARACEST MRI TO DETECT CANCER BIOMARKERS. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Case Western Reserve University; 2008. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1199932704.

Council of Science Editors:

Liu G. DEVELOPMENT OF PARACEST MRI TO DETECT CANCER BIOMARKERS. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Case Western Reserve University; 2008. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1199932704

UCLA

27. ERTAS, YAVUZ Nuri. Oxide-Free Gadolinium Nanoparticles as MRI Contrast Agents.

Degree: Biomedical Engineering, 2017, UCLA

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8g467550

► The Gd element and other rare-earth metals are notoriously difficult to use in chemical synthesis due to their high reduction potentials and aggressive reactivities with… (more)

▼ The Gd element and other rare-earth metals are notoriously difficult to use in chemical synthesis due to their high reduction potentials and aggressive reactivities with ambient oxygen, which almost always leads to the formation of oxides. The challenge in chemical synthesis limits the range of applications for rare-earth metals. The most important use of Gd at the moment is nanocrystals for technological applications. Herein, we report for the first time the successful production of size-controllable, solid core-shell oxide-free Gd metal nanocrystals. We have solved the long-standing problem of oxidation through a reduction process and appropriate capping. The manuscript describes the procedure and detailed characterizations of the process to ensure the highest quality of the produced particles. In particular, the nanocrystals displayed the largest saturation magnetization observed to date for nanocrystalline Gd metal. This value (206 emu/g at 2K) currently stands as the world record.Another important application of Gd is contrast agent development for MRI. To this end, we have performed NMR relaxivity measurements to evaluate the performance of the nanoparticles as potential MRI contrast agents. Typically, Gd based nanoconstructs such as FDA approved Gd-DTPA chelates are T1 MRI contrast agents; however, we demonstrate, for the first time, that pure Gd nanoparticles can also be used as state-of-the art T2 contrast agents. World record high values for transverse proton relaxitivity (r2 of 232 mM-1s-1 per Gd atom and per-particle relaxivity (2.9 x 10⁸ mM-1s-1 have been obtained, exceeding the current highest per-particle r2 values. These results make our Gd nanocrystals the most promising MRI contrast agents for use in biomedical applications. For the first time, this puts MRI on par with positron emission tomography in terms of sensitivity to detection of a contrast agent.We further developed the nanoparticles and we demonstrate record high saturation magnetizations for Gd nanoparticles, namely, 226 emu/g at 5 T. This magnetization is substantially higher than anything achieved to date. We have achieved such high magnetizations in a reliable and reproducible manner by controlling the crystallinity of the grown Gd nanofilm. The crystallinity of Gd is found to play an important role in the observed magnetization values. The higher magnetization is observed for nanoparticles that have a lower content of paramagnetic face-centered cubic (fcc) phase and greater content of ferromagnetic hexagonal close-packed (hcp) phase. Control over fcc and hcp content in the lattice was achieved by adjusting the deposition rate of Gd metal during the nanofabrication process. Our results indicate the remarkable influence of nanocrystallinity on the magnetism of Gd and the ability to control it.Our novel fabrication technique, which overcomes the problems of current synthetic approaches to rare-earth nanoparticle synthesis through the careful optimization of capping and hydrogen reduction techniques, can also be applied to other…

Subjects/Keywords: Biomedical engineering; contrast agent; magnetism; MRI; nanofabrication; nanoparticle

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APA (6^th Edition):

ERTAS, Y. N. (2017). Oxide-Free Gadolinium Nanoparticles as MRI Contrast Agents. (Thesis). UCLA. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8g467550

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

ERTAS, YAVUZ Nuri. “Oxide-Free Gadolinium Nanoparticles as MRI Contrast Agents.” 2017. Thesis, UCLA. Accessed November 18, 2019. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8g467550.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

ERTAS, YAVUZ Nuri. “Oxide-Free Gadolinium Nanoparticles as MRI Contrast Agents.” 2017. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

ERTAS YN. Oxide-Free Gadolinium Nanoparticles as MRI Contrast Agents. [Internet] [Thesis]. UCLA; 2017. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8g467550.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

ERTAS YN. Oxide-Free Gadolinium Nanoparticles as MRI Contrast Agents. [Thesis]. UCLA; 2017. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8g467550

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – Berkeley

28. Ramirez, Richard Matthew. Xenon Host-Guest Interactions for Applications in NMR and MRI.

Degree: Chemistry, 2013, University of California – Berkeley

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5z2691dn

► The ability to detect the presence of specific analytes, whether in vivo or in heterogeneous solutions in vitro, is important for biomedical research as well… (more)

▼ The ability to detect the presence of specific analytes, whether in vivo or in heterogeneous solutions in vitro, is important for biomedical research as well as chemical sensing devices. These applications demand sensitive detection in order to report on small quantities of the material of interest. For many diseases such as cancer, early detection of the important biomarkers when they exist at very low concentrations improves patient prognosis.NMR is noninvasive and does not require ionizing radiation, making it ideal for passive monitoring, and compatible with biological systems. It can be used to gain spectroscopic information, or alternatively to map the spatial distribution of a signal of interest, as is done with water protons in a ¹H MRI experiment. The intrinsic sensitivity of NMR is low, however, due to low polarization which means that only ten protons out of a million are actually contributing to the observed signal. This is acceptable in an ordinary clinical MRI scan, where the in vivo concentration of protons is high ([H₂O] $sim; 55 M), but severely limits its utility for low detection applications. Although contrast agents and methods have been successfully developed to address this problem they still lack the sensitivity to compete with nuclear medicine radioactive tracers which can be detected at sub-nanomolar concentrations—concentrations which better reflect the detection thresholds necessary for applications such as biomarker screening.This work considers the use of dissolved ¹²⁹Xe gas as the imaging medium, rather than water protons. ¹²⁹Xe can be “hyperpolarized” to increase its NMR signal by greater than 10,000-fold, resulting in signals comparable to that of water from considerably smaller concentrations (e.g. millimolar). Since xenon, a noble gas, cannot easily be functionalized for targeted applications, agents that interact with both xenon and a target are required. These hosts provide a unique environment for xenon such that a unique signature arises in the ¹²⁹Xe NMR spectrum. This text describes the development, characterization, and application of xenon hosts with a sharp focus on creating new agents with improved sensitivity over state-of-the-art. Three different host platforms are presented. The first system builds upon a decade of previous work using the cage-like molecule cryptophane-A as the xenon host. Here, an agent composed of several hundred cryptophane-A molecules covalently attached to an M13 bacteriophage was synthesized and detected at sub-picomolar concentrations. The second system utilized emulsified, nanometer-sized perfluorocarbon-in-water droplets as the xenon host. This platform benefits from increased xenon payload and faster dynamics as opposed to cryptophane-based agents. Although a similar detection threshold was achieved for these nanoemulsion droplets, the time required for their detection was reduced by about 75%, and their…

Subjects/Keywords: Physical chemistry; contrast agent; hyperpolarized; molecular imaging; MRI; NMR; Xenon

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ramirez, R. M. (2013). Xenon Host-Guest Interactions for Applications in NMR and MRI. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5z2691dn

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ramirez, Richard Matthew. “Xenon Host-Guest Interactions for Applications in NMR and MRI.” 2013. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed November 18, 2019. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5z2691dn.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ramirez, Richard Matthew. “Xenon Host-Guest Interactions for Applications in NMR and MRI.” 2013. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Ramirez RM. Xenon Host-Guest Interactions for Applications in NMR and MRI. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2013. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5z2691dn.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ramirez RM. Xenon Host-Guest Interactions for Applications in NMR and MRI. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2013. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5z2691dn

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Southern California

29. Li, Vincent. The use of non-covalent interactions for the modification of nanoparticle surface and MRI contrast agent properties.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2014, University of Southern California

URL: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/426051/rec/7381

► The focus of this work is the non‐covalent modulation of MRI based nanotheranostics. This includes modification of nanoparticulate surface properties based on phosphonate‐guanidine hydrogen bonding,… (more)

▼ The focus of this work is the non‐covalent modulation of MRI based nanotheranostics. This includes modification of nanoparticulate surface properties based on phosphonate‐guanidine hydrogen bonding, modulation of MRI contrast agent behavior based on guest‐host interactions, and masking of MRI contrast using a gelatin pill casing. Synthetic methodology for the synthesis of potential pharmaceutical entities is also described. ❧ Surface properties are key factors for controlling in vivo behavior of nanoparticulate drug delivery vehicles. A general procedure for the surface modification of hybrid gadolinium‐phosphonate coated gold nanoparticles was achieved via hydrogen bonding interaction with an amphiphilic fluoroalkyl monolayer. Along with an increase in hydrodynamic diameter, the coating interaction was characterized by a significant decrease in ¹⁹F T₁ of the coating monomer, allowing for potential ¹⁹F MRI based nanotheranostics. ❧ Controllable, non‐covalent interactions were also used to attenuate and reveal MRI contrast agents by hiding them in molecular hosts. A container‐shaped molecular host compound, which had previously demonstrated selective and strong binding affinities towards trimethylammonium functionality, was used. Modification of Gd•DOTA with the trimethylammonium moiety resulted in a dramatic decrease of contrast upon exposure to the molecular host. The masking event is accompanied by the assembly of contrast agent into a 7 nm micelle as characterized by DLS. The contrast agent guest was removed from the host via competitive binding in the presence of a stronger binding agent, resulting in a 31% contrast increase over the masked state. ❧ The release of MRI contrast agent from a gelatin pill casing was characterized. The masked MRI contrast agent was immediately revealed under acidic conditions, whereas it remained masked under neutral conditions for over ten minutes. The release of the gadolinium‐based MRI contrast agent was characterized by the decrease of T₁ in vitro, and MRI contrast observed in vivo. This MRI pill can potentially be used for imaging of gastric motility disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux disease and gastroparesis. ❧ Catalytic conditions for oxidation of azolines to azoles are also described. Azoles are biologically active marine cyclopeptides in which its synthesis have historically involved stoichiometric amounts of toxic reagents. By utilizing catalytic amounts of a copper catalyst and base, inexpensive and environmentally benign conditions for this bond transformation were achieved. Along with the catalytic copper conditions, copper‐free conditions involving stoichiometric amounts of base were also developed. These conditions demonstrated decreased reaction times over the catalytic copper conditions. Advisors/Committee Members: Williams, Travis J. (Committee Chair), Chang, Andy Y. (Committee Member), Prakash, G. K. Surya (Committee Member).

Subjects/Keywords: MRI contrast agent; cavitand; guest‐host; responsive MRI; nanoparticle MRI

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Li, V. (2014). The use of non-covalent interactions for the modification of nanoparticle surface and MRI contrast agent properties. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Southern California. Retrieved from http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/426051/rec/7381

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Li, Vincent. “The use of non-covalent interactions for the modification of nanoparticle surface and MRI contrast agent properties.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Southern California. Accessed November 18, 2019. http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/426051/rec/7381.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Li, Vincent. “The use of non-covalent interactions for the modification of nanoparticle surface and MRI contrast agent properties.” 2014. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Li V. The use of non-covalent interactions for the modification of nanoparticle surface and MRI contrast agent properties. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2014. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/426051/rec/7381.

Council of Science Editors:

Li V. The use of non-covalent interactions for the modification of nanoparticle surface and MRI contrast agent properties. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2014. Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/426051/rec/7381

Virginia Tech

30. Ye, Youqing. Gadolinium Endohedral Metallofullerenes for Future Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents.

Degree: MS, Chemistry, 2014, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/47781

► Gadolinium endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) have shown the potential to become next generation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents due to their significantly improved efficiency and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Endohedral Metallofullerene; Trimetallic Nitride Template; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Relaxivity; Contrast Agent

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ye, Y. (2014). Gadolinium Endohedral Metallofullerenes for Future Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/47781

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ye, Youqing. “Gadolinium Endohedral Metallofullerenes for Future Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed November 18, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/47781.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ye, Youqing. “Gadolinium Endohedral Metallofullerenes for Future Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents.” 2014. Web. 18 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Ye Y. Gadolinium Endohedral Metallofullerenes for Future Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2014. [cited 2019 Nov 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/47781.

Council of Science Editors:

Ye Y. Gadolinium Endohedral Metallofullerenes for Future Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/47781

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations