subject:(carbonate replacement)

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Texas State University – San Marcos

1. Van Leeuwen, Ryno. The Effects of Limestone Powder Particle Size on the Mechanical Properties and the Life Cycle Assessment of Concrete.

Degree: MS, Technology Management, 2016, Texas State University – San Marcos

URL: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/6964

The major environmental impact of concrete comes from the CO₂ emissions during cement production. The main goal of this research project is to develop an optimized cement replacement to reduce energy consumption and CO₂ emissions. This is tested by replacing cement with limestone powder and the implementation of limestone powder in concrete to meet construction specifications. This study utilizes limestone powders with different particle sizes to replace a part of portland cement in various replacement levels. Studying the microstructure of the limestone powder in concrete with a petrographic examination can provide a visual understanding of the distribution within the cement paste. Due to the dilution effect, partially replacing cement, there is a reduction in the physical properties of concrete. To assess the dilution effect, a modification to Féret’s equation is used to calculate an efficiency factor of the limestone powder in comparison to cement. To measure the environmental impact, a life cycle assessment is conducted on concrete with limestone powder. This allows for an evaluation that maximizes the environmental benefit and with minimal reduction in concrete strength. Advisors/Committee Members: Kim, Yoo-Jae (advisor), Sriraman, Vedaraman (committee member), Cong, Derek (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Limestone powder; Fineness; Life cycle assessment; Particle size; Calcium carbonate; Cement replacement; Petrographic analyze; Concrete; Limestone; Building materials – Environmental aspects

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APA (6^th Edition):

Van Leeuwen, R. (2016). The Effects of Limestone Powder Particle Size on the Mechanical Properties and the Life Cycle Assessment of Concrete. (Masters Thesis). Texas State University – San Marcos. Retrieved from https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/6964

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Van Leeuwen, Ryno. “The Effects of Limestone Powder Particle Size on the Mechanical Properties and the Life Cycle Assessment of Concrete.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Texas State University – San Marcos. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/6964.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Van Leeuwen, Ryno. “The Effects of Limestone Powder Particle Size on the Mechanical Properties and the Life Cycle Assessment of Concrete.” 2016. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Van Leeuwen R. The Effects of Limestone Powder Particle Size on the Mechanical Properties and the Life Cycle Assessment of Concrete. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas State University – San Marcos; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/6964.

Council of Science Editors:

Van Leeuwen R. The Effects of Limestone Powder Particle Size on the Mechanical Properties and the Life Cycle Assessment of Concrete. [Masters Thesis]. Texas State University – San Marcos; 2016. Available from: https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/6964

Colorado School of Mines

2. Stockhausen, Timothy. Upper Conglomerate and its importance to the Sierra Mojada Ag-Zn deposit system, Coahuila, Mexico, The.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2013, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/77681

The Sierra Mojada Ag-Pb-Zn-(Cu) district is located in Coahuila, Mexico approximately 200 kilometers south of the United States border. The district was originally discovered in 1879 and has produced approximately 10 million short tons of arsenian silver, zinc, lead, and copper ore. The Sierra Mojada district is situated on the northern edge of the Coahuila block at the southern boundary of the Sabinas basin along the trace of the San Marcos fault system. The mineral deposits at Sierra Mojada are primarily hosted in Lower Cretaceous limestone and dolomitized limestone strata that were faulted and folded during the Laramide orogeny. This study focused on the Upper Conglomerate, a previously poorly known unit in the district. Geological mapping and logging of recent drill core indicates that the Upper Conglomerate can be distinguished from rocks of the somewhat lithologically similar San Marcos Formation that forms the base of the Cretaceous sedimentary section. The Upper Conglomerate was deposited unconformably on Cretaceous carbonate rocks. It contains a distinctive suite of Permo-Triassic igneous clasts, some up to boulder size, that do not have a known source in the Sierra Mojada district. The sizes of clasts indicate that the Upper Conglomerate was deposited near the source. Regional geology suggests the source for the material in the Upper Conglomerate may have been a horst buried under alluvial cover in the northern portion of the district. Alteration and weak sulfide mineralization of the Upper Conglomerate above mineralized zones in the underlying Cretaceous carbonate rocks suggests that mineralization in the Sierra Mojada district occurred after deposition of the Upper Conglomerate. If the Upper Conglomerate was deposited prior to mineralization it suggests an early Tertiary age for the unit. Though the intrusive source for the Sierra Mojada deposit remains unknown, mapping of alteration intensity within the Upper Conglomerate suggests a causative intrusion may be present at depth on the western side of the deposit area. The location of the intrusion may have been controlled by a series of northeast trending faults that form a major structural domain boundary within the district. Sierra Mojada is distinguished from other high-temperature, carbonate-hosted Ag-Pb-Zn-(Cu) in northern Mexico by the extreme development of supergene oxidation. This study suggests that the supergene oxidation was related to significant Quaternary to recent normal faulting and uplift. Advisors/Committee Members: Hitzman, Murray Walter (advisor), Nelson, Eric P., 1951- (committee member), Monecke, Thomas (committee member), Hahn, Greg (committee member), Megaw, Peter (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: carbonate replacement; supergene; Sierra Mojada; conglomerate; Conglomerate – Mexico – Coahuila (State); Geology – Mexico – Coahuila (State); Formations (Geology) – Mexico – Coahuila (State); Carbonate rocks – Mexico – Coahuila (State); Faults (Geology) – Mexico – Coahuila (State); Mines and mineral resources – Mexico – Coahuila (State)

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Stockhausen, T. (2013). Upper Conglomerate and its importance to the Sierra Mojada Ag-Zn deposit system, Coahuila, Mexico, The. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/77681

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Stockhausen, Timothy. “Upper Conglomerate and its importance to the Sierra Mojada Ag-Zn deposit system, Coahuila, Mexico, The.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed January 23, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/77681.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Stockhausen, Timothy. “Upper Conglomerate and its importance to the Sierra Mojada Ag-Zn deposit system, Coahuila, Mexico, The.” 2013. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Stockhausen T. Upper Conglomerate and its importance to the Sierra Mojada Ag-Zn deposit system, Coahuila, Mexico, The. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/77681.

Council of Science Editors:

Stockhausen T. Upper Conglomerate and its importance to the Sierra Mojada Ag-Zn deposit system, Coahuila, Mexico, The. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/77681

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