subject:(calf)

University of Georgia

1. Kraft, Michelle Jeanette. Effect of supplemental Lactobacillus acidophilus on the growth and performance of dairy calves.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2004, University of Georgia

URL: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/kraft_michelle_j_200405_ms

► Eighty Holstein calves were used in a 56 day trial to determine the effect of including Lactobacillus acidophilus, LA 51, in milk replacer at increasing… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Calf

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kraft, M. J. (2004). Effect of supplemental Lactobacillus acidophilus on the growth and performance of dairy calves. (Masters Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/kraft_michelle_j_200405_ms

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kraft, Michelle Jeanette. “Effect of supplemental Lactobacillus acidophilus on the growth and performance of dairy calves.” 2004. Masters Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed January 17, 2020. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/kraft_michelle_j_200405_ms.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kraft, Michelle Jeanette. “Effect of supplemental Lactobacillus acidophilus on the growth and performance of dairy calves.” 2004. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Kraft MJ. Effect of supplemental Lactobacillus acidophilus on the growth and performance of dairy calves. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Georgia; 2004. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/kraft_michelle_j_200405_ms.

Council of Science Editors:

Kraft MJ. Effect of supplemental Lactobacillus acidophilus on the growth and performance of dairy calves. [Masters Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2004. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/kraft_michelle_j_200405_ms

University of Georgia

2. McDonald, John Andrew. Inherited bovine aspects in Greek reflexes of the Indo-European serpent-slaying myth.

Degree: MA, Classical Languages, 2006, University of Georgia

URL: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/mcdonald_john_a_200605_ma

► Numerous Greek reflexes of the Indo-European serpent-slaying myth retain an inherited theme in which cows are liberated from the serpent. In some reflexes, the cows… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Calf

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APA (6^th Edition):

McDonald, J. A. (2006). Inherited bovine aspects in Greek reflexes of the Indo-European serpent-slaying myth. (Masters Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/mcdonald_john_a_200605_ma

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McDonald, John Andrew. “Inherited bovine aspects in Greek reflexes of the Indo-European serpent-slaying myth.” 2006. Masters Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed January 17, 2020. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/mcdonald_john_a_200605_ma.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McDonald, John Andrew. “Inherited bovine aspects in Greek reflexes of the Indo-European serpent-slaying myth.” 2006. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

McDonald JA. Inherited bovine aspects in Greek reflexes of the Indo-European serpent-slaying myth. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Georgia; 2006. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/mcdonald_john_a_200605_ma.

Council of Science Editors:

McDonald JA. Inherited bovine aspects in Greek reflexes of the Indo-European serpent-slaying myth. [Masters Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2006. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/mcdonald_john_a_200605_ma

Texas A&M University

3. Holloway, Kenton S. The Effects of Metaphylaxis and Milk Replacer Additives on Health and Growth of Neonatal Holstein Bull Calves.

Degree: 2010, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-702

► A study evaluating effects of metaphylaxis and milk replacer additives on health and growth was conducted with Holstein bull calves (n = 52; mean BW… (more)

▼ A study evaluating effects of metaphylaxis and milk replacer additives on health and growth was conducted with Holstein bull calves (n = 52; mean BW = 42.28 +- 3 kg) < 7 d of age. Calves were randomly assigned to receive tilmicosin phosphate (TIL), ceftiofur crystalline free acid (CEF), or saline (CON). All calves received a commercial milk replacer powder (25% CP, 20% fat), and within metaphylaxis treatment, were randomly assigned to receive milk replacer with: 1) 4 g/d for 7 d and then 2 g/d for the next 14 d of an egg-based additive (PR); 2) 2 g/d of 96% betaine (BE); 3) both PR and BE (BP); or 4) no additives (NA). Calves were housed in individual fiberglass hutches with ad libitum access to a commercial calf starter and water. Body weight was recorded twice weekly and fecal scores (1=firm, 4=watery) were recorded daily for 54 d. Number of treatments per calf for scours, incidence of respiratory symptoms, and febrile events were recorded on a daily basis, and the cumulative incidence of each response was used as an index of morbidity. All data were analyzed as a completely randomized design with a 3 X 4 factorial treatment arrangement. Neither metaphylaxis, additives, nor their interaction affected ADG (P>0.60); overall, calves gained .45 kg/d. Fecal scores were reduced by 39% for CEF compared to CON (P<0.01), but were not affected by additives. Metaphylaxis influenced neither the incidence of fever (P>0.3), or respiratory symptoms (P>0.2), nor were they reduced by additives. Overall, calves were treated an average of only 0.39 times for respiratory symptoms and 0.66 times for fever. Scours were not influenced by metaphylaxis (P>0.6), additives (P>0.5), nor their interaction (P>0.8). Other than fecal score, metaphylaxis did not enhance productivity or reduce morbidity in this study, but disease challenge may have been mild. Feed additives influenced neither measures of health and performance nor did the metaphylaxis and feed additive interaction. Advisors/Committee Members: Tomaszewski, Michael A. (advisor), Holub, Glenn A. (committee member), Sawyer, Jason E. (committee member), Anderson, David P. (committee member), Klinefelter, Danny A. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Calf; Metaphylaxis

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APA (6^th Edition):

Holloway, K. S. (2010). The Effects of Metaphylaxis and Milk Replacer Additives on Health and Growth of Neonatal Holstein Bull Calves. (Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-702

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Holloway, Kenton S. “The Effects of Metaphylaxis and Milk Replacer Additives on Health and Growth of Neonatal Holstein Bull Calves.” 2010. Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 17, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-702.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Holloway, Kenton S. “The Effects of Metaphylaxis and Milk Replacer Additives on Health and Growth of Neonatal Holstein Bull Calves.” 2010. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Holloway KS. The Effects of Metaphylaxis and Milk Replacer Additives on Health and Growth of Neonatal Holstein Bull Calves. [Internet] [Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2010. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-702.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Holloway KS. The Effects of Metaphylaxis and Milk Replacer Additives on Health and Growth of Neonatal Holstein Bull Calves. [Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-702

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Alberta

4. Kent-Dennis, Coral E. Effects of heat-treatment of colostrum on the development of calves in the neonatal and pre-weaned periods.

Degree: MS, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 2014, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/4x51hk517

► Calves are born agammaglobulinemic and must ingest vital immunoglobulins via colostrum for protection from infection during the neonatal period. Colostrum also contains many other biologically… (more)

▼ Calves are born agammaglobulinemic and must ingest vital immunoglobulins via colostrum for protection from infection during the neonatal period. Colostrum also contains many other biologically active factors, such as growth factors, immune cells and antimicrobial peptides, which are important for development, growth and health of the calf. Although essential to the calf, colostrum also represents one of the earliest sources of exposure to infectious pathogens. Pasteurization of milk and colostrum is becoming a common practice used to reduce vertical transmission of pathogens to young calves. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the effects of heating colostrum on its components and on the development of calves. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of heat-treatment of colostrum on gut absorption and development in bull calves in the first 12 hours of life, and the effects of absorption, growth and health in pre-weaned heifer calves. Bull calves (n=23) and heifer calves (n=17) were fed 2L of either unheated or heat-treated colostrum within an hour after birth. In the first experiment, absorption of IgG and β-lactoglobulin (BLG), villus height and crypt depth of the ileum and ileal goblet cell number were measured in bull calves. Bulls that received heat-treated colostrum had 18% lower plasma IgG at 12 hours of age compared to those fed unheated colostrum. Bull calves receiving heat-treated colostrum also had lower plasma BLG concentrations beginning at 6 hours of life. By 9 hours, those that received heat-treated colostrum had 51% less plasma BLG compared to bulls fed unheated colostrum. The BLG concentration decreased more rapidly from circulation than IgG. No significant differences in villus height or crypt depth were detected with regards to colostrum treatment. Calves that received heat-treated colostrum had a significantly higher number of goblet cells compared to those receiving unheated colostrum. In the second experiment, heifer calves were also analyzed for absorption of IgG and BLG into the blood. Average daily gain, grain intake, and daily rectal temperatures were recorded for each heifer until weaning. Despite being fed from the same pools of colostrum, heifer calves did not demonstrate the same absorption patterns for IgG and BLG as were seen with the bulls. Heifer calves receiving heat-treated colostrum had higher circulating IgG levels during the first 24 hours of life compared to those fed unheated colostrum. No significant differences in plasma BLG concentration, grain intake, or health scores were detected. Daily rectal temperatures also did not differ significantly during weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. However, during week 5, calves that had received heat-treated colostrum had significantly higher rectal temperatures compared to those fed unheated colostrum. Although no statistically significant differences were detected for average daily gain, during week 5, there was a tendency for heifers receiving heat-treated colostrum to have a lower rate of gain. Week 5 corresponds…

Subjects/Keywords: dairy; colostrum; calf

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kent-Dennis, C. E. (2014). Effects of heat-treatment of colostrum on the development of calves in the neonatal and pre-weaned periods. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/4x51hk517

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kent-Dennis, Coral E. “Effects of heat-treatment of colostrum on the development of calves in the neonatal and pre-weaned periods.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed January 17, 2020. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/4x51hk517.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kent-Dennis, Coral E. “Effects of heat-treatment of colostrum on the development of calves in the neonatal and pre-weaned periods.” 2014. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Kent-Dennis CE. Effects of heat-treatment of colostrum on the development of calves in the neonatal and pre-weaned periods. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2014. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/4x51hk517.

Council of Science Editors:

Kent-Dennis CE. Effects of heat-treatment of colostrum on the development of calves in the neonatal and pre-weaned periods. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2014. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/4x51hk517

Texas A&M University

5. Gonzalez Ferreira, Marcelo A. ASSOCIATION AMONG FLUID, GRAIN INTAKE AND WEIGHT GAIN IN HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES.

Degree: 2010, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-313

► This study was conducted to determine water intake. Forty-four Holstein bull calves were evaluated to investigate the effects of starter intake, body weight, temperature and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: calf; water intake

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gonzalez Ferreira, M. A. (2010). ASSOCIATION AMONG FLUID, GRAIN INTAKE AND WEIGHT GAIN IN HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES. (Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-313

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gonzalez Ferreira, Marcelo A. “ASSOCIATION AMONG FLUID, GRAIN INTAKE AND WEIGHT GAIN IN HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES.” 2010. Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 17, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-313.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gonzalez Ferreira, Marcelo A. “ASSOCIATION AMONG FLUID, GRAIN INTAKE AND WEIGHT GAIN IN HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES.” 2010. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Gonzalez Ferreira MA. ASSOCIATION AMONG FLUID, GRAIN INTAKE AND WEIGHT GAIN IN HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES. [Internet] [Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2010. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-313.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Gonzalez Ferreira MA. ASSOCIATION AMONG FLUID, GRAIN INTAKE AND WEIGHT GAIN IN HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES. [Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-313

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Texas Tech University

6. Davis, Emily Michelle. The impacts of various milk replacer supplements on the health and performance of high-risk dairy calves.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2018, Texas Tech University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/73845

► The objectives of this study were to determine the impacts of supplementing a blend of probiotics, β-glucan, mannanoligosaccharides, and small molecular weight molecules from colostrum… (more)

▼ The objectives of this study were to determine the impacts of supplementing a blend of probiotics, β-glucan, mannanoligosaccharides, and small molecular weight molecules from colostrum on the performance and health of high-risk Holstein calves. One hundred Holstein bull calves were acquired from a local calf ranch within 24 h of birth and randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatments added to the milk replacer: (1) Control (CON), no additive; (2) Immu-Prime (ImmPr), 1.5 g/d ImmPr first 3 d only; (3) β-glucan (BG), 1 g/d BG; (4) Mannanoligosaccharide + Bacillus subtilis (MOS+Bs), 3 g/d MOS + 4 x 109 CFU/d Bacillus subtilis; and (5) PROVIDA (PRO), blend of 2 x 109 CFU/d Lactobacillus casei and Enterococcus faecium + 2 x 109 Saccharomyces cerevisae. Calves were weaned at d 56, comingled, and treatment carry-over effects were evaluated through d 84. Starter intake was measured daily and BW weekly. Peripheral blood samples were collected on d 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 42, 56, and 84 and analyzed for hematology and serum analyzed for haptoglobin concentrations. Neutrophil function was assessed through surface L-selectin and phagocytic and oxidative burst activities. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed in SAS (SAS 9.4, Cary, NC). The BG consumed the most starter from d 1 to 28 and both the MOS+Bs and ImmPr consumed more than the CON (P=0.016). Preweaned ADG was greater for PRO and BG when compared to the CON (P=0.038), both the MOS+Bs and ImmPr were not different than the other treatments. There was no carry-over effect on ADG (P=0.879). There was a tendency for BG, MOS+Bs, and PRO to have reduced serum haptoglobin throughout the study (P=0.075). Total leukocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts were reduced among MOS+Bs calves (P 0.003), whereas BG calves tended to have the greatest neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (P=0.051). Neutrophil L-selectin was reduced among BG (P=0.030), whereas PRO was not different than BG or the other treatments. Neutrophil oxidative burst was reduced among BG and PRO when compared to CON and ImmPr (P=0.011), but MOS+Bs was not different than any treatment. Supplementing BG, MOS+Bs, and PRO all influenced performance and health of high risk calves, but the mechanisms appear to be different. Advisors/Committee Members: Machado, Vinicius (committee member), Neves, Rafael (committee member), Ballou, Michael (Committee Chair).

Subjects/Keywords: Calf; Health; Immune

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APA (6^th Edition):

Davis, E. M. (2018). The impacts of various milk replacer supplements on the health and performance of high-risk dairy calves. (Masters Thesis). Texas Tech University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2346/73845

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Davis, Emily Michelle. “The impacts of various milk replacer supplements on the health and performance of high-risk dairy calves.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Texas Tech University. Accessed January 17, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2346/73845.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Davis, Emily Michelle. “The impacts of various milk replacer supplements on the health and performance of high-risk dairy calves.” 2018. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Davis EM. The impacts of various milk replacer supplements on the health and performance of high-risk dairy calves. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas Tech University; 2018. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/73845.

Council of Science Editors:

Davis EM. The impacts of various milk replacer supplements on the health and performance of high-risk dairy calves. [Masters Thesis]. Texas Tech University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/73845

University of Waikato

7. Topp, Theresa. Automated measurement of disease and pain in New Zealand group-housed calves .

Degree: 2015, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10527

► Exposure to disease and pain will prolong animal ‘suffering’, and as such, diminishes welfare. Identifying behaviours indicative of these conditions can facilitate early detection, timely… (more)

▼ Exposure to disease and pain will prolong animal ‘suffering’, and as such, diminishes welfare. Identifying behaviours indicative of these conditions can facilitate early detection, timely treatment and improved welfare. Contributing to the problem of disease and pain detection in calves is the innate tendency of these animals to mask behavioural signs of vulnerability (stoicism), and the extensive use of group-housing systems. Existing technology was used in my research to obtain objective measures of behaviour in response to disease and pain. The goal of this thesis was to explore these key aspects of calf welfare: The work reported in Chapter 2 investigated a naturally occurring disease (neonatal calf diarrhoea complex) in pre-weaned calves to assess whether changes in milk-feeding and lying behaviours could be used for early disease detection. Calves were observed for a three week period, starting when they were four days old. Data on milk feeding and lying behaviours were obtained using automated milk-feeders and HOBO data loggers respectively. Lying postures were analysed from daily video footage at five minute intervals between 10:00-14:00 (seven days per week). For statistical analysis, calves were classified as ‘sick’ (n=21), or ‘not sick’ (n=91). This thesis identified three feeding measures of interest for disease detection: 1) reduced milk consumption, 2) increased duration of visits to the milk feeder, and 3) sick calves were less likely to receive a rewarded visit compared to calves that were not sick. Sick calves increased the duration of lying bouts nearing time of illness; however, no difference was observed between sick calves and those that were not sick. Postural observations were not effective at predicting illness. The use of automated milk-feeders to detect disease in calves has been studied extensively overseas; to my knowledge, this is the first New Zealand study to use automated feeders for this purpose. The results of this study indicate that aspects of milk feeding behaviour can be used to detect diseased calves in group housing systems. The work reported in Chapter 3 used hot iron disbudding as a pain model to determine whether changes in milk-feeding and lying behaviours could be used to identify pain in calves less than 4 weeks of age. Data was obtained using automated feeders and HOBO data loggers respectively over three observation periods (pre-treatment, treatment day and post-treatment). Fifty-three calves (26.5 ± 3.5 days of age) were allocated to one of five treatment groups: hot iron disbudded with no analgesia (n=11), disbudded with a local anaesthetic (LA, n=11), disbudded with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID; n=11), disbudded with NSAID and LA (n=10), and SHAM calves (n=11). Analysis of feeding behaviour revealed only one difference between all treatment groups; SHAM calves showed a greater number of visits to the milk feeder during the recovery period compared to disbudded animals. Feeding and lying behaviours in this study were considered to be… Advisors/Committee Members: Waas, Joseph R (advisor), Sutherland, Mhairi (advisor), Stewart, Mairi (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: calf; welfare; behaviour

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APA (6^th Edition):

Topp, T. (2015). Automated measurement of disease and pain in New Zealand group-housed calves . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10527

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Topp, Theresa. “Automated measurement of disease and pain in New Zealand group-housed calves .” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed January 17, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10527.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Topp, Theresa. “Automated measurement of disease and pain in New Zealand group-housed calves .” 2015. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Topp T. Automated measurement of disease and pain in New Zealand group-housed calves . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2015. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10527.

Council of Science Editors:

Topp T. Automated measurement of disease and pain in New Zealand group-housed calves . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10527

8. 小泉, 孝弘. Analysis of swallowing dynamics by high-resolution manometry : Index correlated with swallowing pressure : 高解像度マノメトリーによる嚥下動態の解析　−嚥下圧と相関する指標について−.

Degree: 博士（歯学）, 2016, Osaka Dental University / 大阪歯科大学

URL: http://id.nii.ac.jp/1392/00000120/

►

The swallowing pressure test evaluates swallowing dynamics quantitatively and objectively according to pressure and time, and has been applied to pharyngeal pressure measurement in recent… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Swallowing pressure; Calf circumference; Correlation

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APA (6^th Edition):

小泉, �. (2016). Analysis of swallowing dynamics by high-resolution manometry : Index correlated with swallowing pressure : 高解像度マノメトリーによる嚥下動態の解析　−嚥下圧と相関する指標について−. (Thesis). Osaka Dental University / 大阪歯科大学. Retrieved from http://id.nii.ac.jp/1392/00000120/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

小泉, 孝弘. “Analysis of swallowing dynamics by high-resolution manometry : Index correlated with swallowing pressure : 高解像度マノメトリーによる嚥下動態の解析　−嚥下圧と相関する指標について−.” 2016. Thesis, Osaka Dental University / 大阪歯科大学. Accessed January 17, 2020. http://id.nii.ac.jp/1392/00000120/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

小泉, 孝弘. “Analysis of swallowing dynamics by high-resolution manometry : Index correlated with swallowing pressure : 高解像度マノメトリーによる嚥下動態の解析　−嚥下圧と相関する指標について−.” 2016. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

小泉 �. Analysis of swallowing dynamics by high-resolution manometry : Index correlated with swallowing pressure : 高解像度マノメトリーによる嚥下動態の解析　−嚥下圧と相関する指標について−. [Internet] [Thesis]. Osaka Dental University / 大阪歯科大学; 2016. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: http://id.nii.ac.jp/1392/00000120/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

小泉 �. Analysis of swallowing dynamics by high-resolution manometry : Index correlated with swallowing pressure : 高解像度マノメトリーによる嚥下動態の解析　−嚥下圧と相関する指標について−. [Thesis]. Osaka Dental University / 大阪歯科大学; 2016. Available from: http://id.nii.ac.jp/1392/00000120/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Universiteit Utrecht

9. Arkel, J.J. van. Transmission of BLV between infected cows and their calves during gestation periparturient period: a Pilotstudy in Chile, Xth Region.

Degree: 2009, Universiteit Utrecht

URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/289311

► Summary Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that causes economic looses in dairy herds in Chile. Infection is mostly due to blood related proceedings,… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Bovine Leukosis; BLV; calf; transmission

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APA (6^th Edition):

Arkel, J. J. v. (2009). Transmission of BLV between infected cows and their calves during gestation periparturient period: a Pilotstudy in Chile, Xth Region. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/289311

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Arkel, J J van. “Transmission of BLV between infected cows and their calves during gestation periparturient period: a Pilotstudy in Chile, Xth Region.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed January 17, 2020. http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/289311.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Arkel, J J van. “Transmission of BLV between infected cows and their calves during gestation periparturient period: a Pilotstudy in Chile, Xth Region.” 2009. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Arkel JJv. Transmission of BLV between infected cows and their calves during gestation periparturient period: a Pilotstudy in Chile, Xth Region. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2009. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/289311.

Council of Science Editors:

Arkel JJv. Transmission of BLV between infected cows and their calves during gestation periparturient period: a Pilotstudy in Chile, Xth Region. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2009. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/289311

University of Alberta

10. Liang, Guanxiang. Transcriptomic changes of the gut in dairy calves during pre-weaned period.

Degree: PhD, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 2015, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/c47429914t

► Maintenance of the gut health of calves is vital because enteric infections are associated with high mortality during the pre-weaned period. The small intestine is… (more)

▼ Maintenance of the gut health of calves is vital because enteric infections are associated with high mortality during the pre-weaned period. The small intestine is the primary site of many enteric infections and plays an important role in protecting the host from pathogenic infection through both barrier and mucosal immune functions. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating small intestine development in the pre-weaned calf have not been well characterized. Four studies (Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 5) were performed to investigate the expression profiles of protein-coding genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) in gut tissues of pre-weaned calves, identify their changes in response to gut microbial colonization and enteric infection, and elucidate potential mechanisms of the small intestinal development in the pre-weaned calves. The expression of miRNAs in the gastrointestinal tract had dynamic changes during the pre-weaned period, and their functions were related to the development of intestinal mucosal immune system Moreover, significant associations between miRNA expression and microbial populations in the small intestine provided evidences that miRNAs were involved in mediating host-microbial interactions. Further transcriptomic analysis revealed higher expression levels of genes involved in complement functional pathway, tight junction protein, and IgA complex in the jejunum than those in the ileum, suggesting the roles of the jejunum in the immune and barrier functions in pre-weaned calves. In addition, during the first week after birth, the temporal expression pattern of tight junction protein genes, antimicrobial peptide genes, NOD-like receptor genes, a regulatory T cell marker gene, and cytokine genes suggested that this is a critical developmental period for intestinal mucosal immune function. An ileal loop model was used to target Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection to the ileal region of the small intestine. Differentially expressed miRNAs and alternatively spliced genes in the infected versus uninfected ileal segment revealed significant changes in endothelial cell proliferation, macrophage maturation and lysosome function as possible mechanisms by which MAP escapes host immune responses. Finally, the same surgical model was used to analyze changes in miRNA expression when the intestinal microbiota was altered by treatment with a dose-dependent exposure to allicin, an antimicrobial compound present in garlic. The observed changes in miRNA expression and their predicted function in lymphocytes development following of the changes in gut bacterial population changes after antimicrobial treatment further supported the conclusion that miRNA expression was associated with microbial colonization and miRNA played a role in regulating the intestinal mucosal immune system of pre-weaned calves. In summary, the transcriptomic analysis revealed that the protein-coding genes and miRNAs are involved in regulating diverse aspects of small intestinal development that are age-dependent and vary among…

Subjects/Keywords: gut; transcriptome; microRNAs; calf

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APA (6^th Edition):

Liang, G. (2015). Transcriptomic changes of the gut in dairy calves during pre-weaned period. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/c47429914t

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Liang, Guanxiang. “Transcriptomic changes of the gut in dairy calves during pre-weaned period.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Alberta. Accessed January 17, 2020. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/c47429914t.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Liang, Guanxiang. “Transcriptomic changes of the gut in dairy calves during pre-weaned period.” 2015. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Liang G. Transcriptomic changes of the gut in dairy calves during pre-weaned period. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2015. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/c47429914t.

Council of Science Editors:

Liang G. Transcriptomic changes of the gut in dairy calves during pre-weaned period. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2015. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/c47429914t

Purdue University

11. Muegge, Christopher Robert. Effects of Organic and Inorganic Selenium Supplementation during Late Gestation and Early Lactation on Beef Cow-Calf Performance.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2015, Purdue University

URL: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/1068

► Angus x Simmental cows (n = 48, BW = 594 kg, BCS = 5.26, Age = 2.7), pregnant with male fetuses, were used to determine… (more)

▼ Angus x Simmental cows (n = 48, BW = 594 kg, BCS = 5.26, Age = 2.7), pregnant with male fetuses, were used to determine the effect selenium (Se) source during the last 80 d of gestation and first 108 d of lactation on progeny feedlot performance. At 203 d in gestation, cows were blocked by body weight, age, breed composition, and calf sire, and allotted to 1 of 3 treatments: no Se, inorganic Se, or organic Se. Maternal diets were formulated to contain 10.4% CP and 0.90 Mcal/kg NEg during gestation and 12.1% CP and 1.01 Mcal/kg NEg during lactation. Basal diets contained 0.07 and 0.11 mg/kg Se for gestation and lactation diets; respectively. Diets were fed daily as a total mixed ration and Se was provided in a top-dress containing 0, 0.30 mg/kg Se as sodium selenite, or 0.30 mg/kg Se as Sel-Plex®. Treatment diets were fed through 108 d post-partum (DPP). At 68 DPP milk production was calculated using the weigh-suckle-weigh procedure and a milk sample was collected was at 62 DPP to determine composition. At 108 DPP cow-calf pairs were commingled until weaning at 216 DPP. At 28 d post-weaning, steers (n = 47, BW = 301 kg) were placed in individual pens and fed a diet formulated to provide 13.9% CP, 1.24 Mcal/kg NEg, and 0.10 mg/kg Se. The diet was delivered as total mixed ration once daily. . Cow weight and BCS and calf birth weight did not differ at the beginning of the trial (P ≥ 0.55). Cow BW and BCS (P ≥ 0.85) did not differ between treatments at any time point during the study. Milk production, milk fat, and total solids (P ≥ 0.38) did not differ among treatments. Milk protein tended to increase in cows fed inorganic Se compared to cows fed organic Se (P = 0.07) and milk lactose tended to be greatest in cows fed organic Se (P = 0.10). Conception to AI and overall pregnancy rates did not differ between the diets (P ≥ 0.39). Calf weights and ADG did not differ for the 105 d experimental period (P ≥ 0.77) or for the entire pre-weaning period (P ≥ 0.33). Plasma Se concentration did not differ between treatments for the cows (P ≥ 0.37). Liver Se concentration in cows fed inorganic and organic Se treatment were significantly greater than that of cows from the control treatment (P < 0.01). There were no treatment effects on calf plasma Se concentration (P ≥ 0.90). Muscles biopsies taken at 105 DPP also were not different (P = 0.45). Steers from cows supplemented with organic Se diet entered the feedlot heavier (P = 0.02) and tended to be heavier on d 87 (P = 0.08) compared to steers from cows supplemented with inorganic Se. There was no difference in ADG among treatments (P ≥ 0.76), but steers from organic Se cows tended to spend fewer days on feed compared to steers from inorganic Se cows (P = 0.09). Steers from organic Se cows had a greater overall DMI compared to steers from inorganic Se cows (P = 0.04), but there was no difference in overall gain:feed ratio (P = 0.82). Dressing percentage was greater for steers from cows fed no Se compared with steers from cows fed either inorganic or organic Se (P = 0.03). Maternal… Advisors/Committee Members: Jon P. Schoonmaker, Kristen Brennan, Ron P. Lemenager.

Subjects/Keywords: Calf; Cow; Organic; Selenium

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APA (6^th Edition):

Muegge, C. R. (2015). Effects of Organic and Inorganic Selenium Supplementation during Late Gestation and Early Lactation on Beef Cow-Calf Performance. (Thesis). Purdue University. Retrieved from https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/1068

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Muegge, Christopher Robert. “Effects of Organic and Inorganic Selenium Supplementation during Late Gestation and Early Lactation on Beef Cow-Calf Performance.” 2015. Thesis, Purdue University. Accessed January 17, 2020. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/1068.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Muegge, Christopher Robert. “Effects of Organic and Inorganic Selenium Supplementation during Late Gestation and Early Lactation on Beef Cow-Calf Performance.” 2015. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Muegge CR. Effects of Organic and Inorganic Selenium Supplementation during Late Gestation and Early Lactation on Beef Cow-Calf Performance. [Internet] [Thesis]. Purdue University; 2015. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/1068.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Muegge CR. Effects of Organic and Inorganic Selenium Supplementation during Late Gestation and Early Lactation on Beef Cow-Calf Performance. [Thesis]. Purdue University; 2015. Available from: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/1068

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

12. Gelsinger, Sonia. Effects of colostrum heat treatment on immune development in the neonatal calf.

Degree: 2016, Penn State University

URL: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13613slg300

► Experiments were conducted to determine whether plasma IgG and absorption efficiency could be increased by heat treatment of colostrum with high or low initial IgG… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: calf; colostrum; heat treatment; immunity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gelsinger, S. (2016). Effects of colostrum heat treatment on immune development in the neonatal calf. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13613slg300

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gelsinger, Sonia. “Effects of colostrum heat treatment on immune development in the neonatal calf.” 2016. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed January 17, 2020. https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13613slg300.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gelsinger, Sonia. “Effects of colostrum heat treatment on immune development in the neonatal calf.” 2016. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Gelsinger S. Effects of colostrum heat treatment on immune development in the neonatal calf. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2016. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13613slg300.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Gelsinger S. Effects of colostrum heat treatment on immune development in the neonatal calf. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2016. Available from: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13613slg300

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Florida

13. Sims, Lincoln J. The Association between Feeding Behaviors Measured by Automated Milk Feeders and Health in Preweaned Holstein Calves Fed a High Allowance of Milk Replacer.

Degree: MS, Veterinary Medical Sciences - Veterinary Medicine, 2017, University of Florida

URL: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0051602

► Feeding behaviors measured by automated milk feeders have been compared in sick and healthy preweaned dairy calves to assess the potential of using feeder behavior… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: behavior – calf – dairy – health

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sims, L. J. (2017). The Association between Feeding Behaviors Measured by Automated Milk Feeders and Health in Preweaned Holstein Calves Fed a High Allowance of Milk Replacer. (Masters Thesis). University of Florida. Retrieved from http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0051602

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sims, Lincoln J. “The Association between Feeding Behaviors Measured by Automated Milk Feeders and Health in Preweaned Holstein Calves Fed a High Allowance of Milk Replacer.” 2017. Masters Thesis, University of Florida. Accessed January 17, 2020. http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0051602.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sims, Lincoln J. “The Association between Feeding Behaviors Measured by Automated Milk Feeders and Health in Preweaned Holstein Calves Fed a High Allowance of Milk Replacer.” 2017. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Sims LJ. The Association between Feeding Behaviors Measured by Automated Milk Feeders and Health in Preweaned Holstein Calves Fed a High Allowance of Milk Replacer. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Florida; 2017. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0051602.

Council of Science Editors:

Sims LJ. The Association between Feeding Behaviors Measured by Automated Milk Feeders and Health in Preweaned Holstein Calves Fed a High Allowance of Milk Replacer. [Masters Thesis]. University of Florida; 2017. Available from: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0051602

University of Nairobi

14. Kariuki, DP. Studies on calf diseases special reference to infection escherichia coli .

Degree: 1975, University of Nairobi

URL: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/25452

Subjects/Keywords: Calf Diseases

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kariuki, D. (1975). Studies on calf diseases special reference to infection escherichia coli . (Thesis). University of Nairobi. Retrieved from http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/25452

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kariuki, DP. “Studies on calf diseases special reference to infection escherichia coli .” 1975. Thesis, University of Nairobi. Accessed January 17, 2020. http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/25452.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kariuki, DP. “Studies on calf diseases special reference to infection escherichia coli .” 1975. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Kariuki D. Studies on calf diseases special reference to infection escherichia coli . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Nairobi; 1975. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/25452.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kariuki D. Studies on calf diseases special reference to infection escherichia coli . [Thesis]. University of Nairobi; 1975. Available from: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/25452

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Louisiana State University

15. Orellana Rivas, Ruth Marisol. Effects of Calf Starter Composition and Mixing Method on Growth and Rumen Health in Young Dairy Calves.

Degree: MS, Animal Sciences, 2016, Louisiana State University

URL: etd-04062016-145807 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/579

► Twenty-four male Holstein calves (BW = 38.78 ± 7.26 Kg) were used to evaluate the effects of commercially available or farm mixed starter on animal… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: calf starter; performance; rumen development

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APA (6^th Edition):

Orellana Rivas, R. M. (2016). Effects of Calf Starter Composition and Mixing Method on Growth and Rumen Health in Young Dairy Calves. (Masters Thesis). Louisiana State University. Retrieved from etd-04062016-145807 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/579

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Orellana Rivas, Ruth Marisol. “Effects of Calf Starter Composition and Mixing Method on Growth and Rumen Health in Young Dairy Calves.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Louisiana State University. Accessed January 17, 2020. etd-04062016-145807 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/579.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Orellana Rivas, Ruth Marisol. “Effects of Calf Starter Composition and Mixing Method on Growth and Rumen Health in Young Dairy Calves.” 2016. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Orellana Rivas RM. Effects of Calf Starter Composition and Mixing Method on Growth and Rumen Health in Young Dairy Calves. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Louisiana State University; 2016. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: etd-04062016-145807 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/579.

Council of Science Editors:

Orellana Rivas RM. Effects of Calf Starter Composition and Mixing Method on Growth and Rumen Health in Young Dairy Calves. [Masters Thesis]. Louisiana State University; 2016. Available from: etd-04062016-145807 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/579

Technical University of Lisbon

16. Martinho, Nádia Raquel dos Santos Semedo. Criação de vitelos de leite. Maneio geral de vitelos de leite numa exploração agro-pecuária. Relatório de Estágio.

Degree: 2015, Technical University of Lisbon

URL: https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/10952

►

Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de Agronomia

Raising calves is an extremely important component in the life of a dairy farm because they… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: calf; management; colostrum; immunity; mortality

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APA (6^th Edition):

Martinho, N. R. d. S. S. (2015). Criação de vitelos de leite. Maneio geral de vitelos de leite numa exploração agro-pecuária. Relatório de Estágio. (Thesis). Technical University of Lisbon. Retrieved from https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/10952

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Martinho, Nádia Raquel dos Santos Semedo. “Criação de vitelos de leite. Maneio geral de vitelos de leite numa exploração agro-pecuária. Relatório de Estágio.” 2015. Thesis, Technical University of Lisbon. Accessed January 17, 2020. https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/10952.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Martinho, Nádia Raquel dos Santos Semedo. “Criação de vitelos de leite. Maneio geral de vitelos de leite numa exploração agro-pecuária. Relatório de Estágio.” 2015. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Martinho NRdSS. Criação de vitelos de leite. Maneio geral de vitelos de leite numa exploração agro-pecuária. Relatório de Estágio. [Internet] [Thesis]. Technical University of Lisbon; 2015. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/10952.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Martinho NRdSS. Criação de vitelos de leite. Maneio geral de vitelos de leite numa exploração agro-pecuária. Relatório de Estágio. [Thesis]. Technical University of Lisbon; 2015. Available from: https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/10952

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Vermont

17. Pietrafesa, Brooke Ann. Evaluation of colostrum on an immunological and microbiological level and its relation to calf health: a case study of calves at UVM Miller Research Center.

Degree: Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2019, University of Vermont

URL: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/291

► The objective of this study was to evaluate the colostrum fed to calves at the UVM Miller Research Center on an immunological and bacteriological… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: calf; colostrum; bacteria; coliform; quality

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pietrafesa, B. A. (2019). Evaluation of colostrum on an immunological and microbiological level and its relation to calf health: a case study of calves at UVM Miller Research Center. (Thesis). University of Vermont. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/291

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pietrafesa, Brooke Ann. “Evaluation of colostrum on an immunological and microbiological level and its relation to calf health: a case study of calves at UVM Miller Research Center.” 2019. Thesis, University of Vermont. Accessed January 17, 2020. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/291.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pietrafesa, Brooke Ann. “Evaluation of colostrum on an immunological and microbiological level and its relation to calf health: a case study of calves at UVM Miller Research Center.” 2019. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Pietrafesa BA. Evaluation of colostrum on an immunological and microbiological level and its relation to calf health: a case study of calves at UVM Miller Research Center. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Vermont; 2019. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/291.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Pietrafesa BA. Evaluation of colostrum on an immunological and microbiological level and its relation to calf health: a case study of calves at UVM Miller Research Center. [Thesis]. University of Vermont; 2019. Available from: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/291

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Cornell University

18. Soberon, Fernando. Early Life Nutrition Of Dairy Calves And Its Implications On Future Milk Production .

Degree: 2012, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29306

► The pre-weaning management of dairy calves over the last 30 years has focused on mortality, early weaning and rumen development. Recent data has demonstrated the… (more)

▼ The pre-weaning management of dairy calves over the last 30 years has focused on mortality, early weaning and rumen development. Recent data has demonstrated the potential to influence metabolic programming and consequently alter future performance of dairy cattle through nutrition and management during the first few months of life. Two main management practices have been identified as having the greatest impact in future performance: colostrum management and energy intake pre-weaning. Therefore, the first objective was to investigate the relationship between nutrient intake from milk replacer and pre and post-weaning growth rate with lactation performance. The evaluation of over 1,800 first lactations resulted in a strong relationship between average daily gain (ADG) pre-weaning and milk production so that for every additional kg of ADG pre-weaning first lactation milk production is increased by 850 kg. The relationship is equally strong when assessed by energy intake above maintenance from milk replacer during the pre-weaning period. The second objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of preweaning nutrition on mammary gland development. The mammary gland, especially the parenchymal mass were shown to be responsive to nutrient intake such that the parenchymal mass of calves that consumed more nutrients grew 5.6 times faster than that of control calves. This was significant because it demonstrated that allometric growth can be initiated from birth and that the mammary gland is very nutrient responsive, something not readily recognized in dairy cattle. The interaction of colostrum status and pre-weaning nutrient intake was also evaluated and the data suggests that the effects of colostrum management can be amplified or muted depending on nutritional status pre-weaning. Colostrum contains an array of different growth factors that can account for some of the long-term impacts on growth and efficiency; a preliminary study evaluating hormone levels post-colostrum feeding in newborn calves suggest that hormones present in colostrum may be directly absorbed by the calf and could impact metabolic programming through the "Lactocrine hypothesis". Protein synthesis and accretion is proposed as the primary signal that enhances future performance of pre-weaned cattle; however, milk protein sources are expensive and feeding high levels of such proteins may not always be cost effective. Therefore, alternative protein sources were evaluated as a way to reduce the cost of milk replacers. In this study, milk replacers containing whey based protein were the most effective milk replacers, with or without a modified amino acid profile. Advisors/Committee Members: Long, Qiaoming (committeeMember), Nydam, Daryl Van (committeeMember), Boisclair, Yves R (committeeMember).

Subjects/Keywords: calf growth; mammary gland development

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APA (6^th Edition):

Soberon, F. (2012). Early Life Nutrition Of Dairy Calves And Its Implications On Future Milk Production . (Thesis). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29306

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Soberon, Fernando. “Early Life Nutrition Of Dairy Calves And Its Implications On Future Milk Production .” 2012. Thesis, Cornell University. Accessed January 17, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29306.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Soberon, Fernando. “Early Life Nutrition Of Dairy Calves And Its Implications On Future Milk Production .” 2012. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Soberon F. Early Life Nutrition Of Dairy Calves And Its Implications On Future Milk Production . [Internet] [Thesis]. Cornell University; 2012. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29306.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Soberon F. Early Life Nutrition Of Dairy Calves And Its Implications On Future Milk Production . [Thesis]. Cornell University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29306

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

19. Renaud, David. Why do some calves die and others thrive? An investigation of risk factors impacting male calf health in Ontario .

Degree: 2017, University of Guelph

URL: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/11953

► This thesis is an investigation of the care of male calves on Canadian dairy farms, management factors on source dairy farms impacting mortality at veal… (more)

▼ This thesis is an investigation of the care of male calves on Canadian dairy farms, management factors on source dairy farms impacting mortality at veal farms, and clinical and metabolic factors impacting mortality after arrival at a veal facility. Finally, the diagnostic accuracy of bioluminescence in detecting contaminated colostrum feeding equipment was evaluated. A cross-sectional survey was used to evaluate the care of male calves on Canadian dairy farms. Most respondents always fed colostrum and always fed male and female calves the same. However, a minority of respondents always navel-dipped or vaccinated male calves. The care of male calves differed greatly depending on geographical region, herd size and familiarity with the Code of Practice for the Care and Handling of Dairy Cattle. There were several high-risk management practices impacting male calf health on veal farms identified through a cross-sectional study of source dairy farms sending male calves to two veal operations. The feeding method for colostrum, bedding used for male calves, veterinary involvement with calf health management, and the frequency of observation of the calving area were all associated with high mortality source dairy farms. Many calves entered the milk-fed veal facility with a health abnormality and most of the mortality occurred in the first three weeks following arrival. Several risk factors were identified through the use of both a cohort and case-control study design, such as abnormal navel, dehydration, and body weight at arrival were associated with early and late mortality in the growing period. A lower level of immunoglobulin G and cholesterol in the serum was also associated with greater odds of early mortality. Colostrum feeding equipment harbored a significant amount of bacterial contamination. Visual hygiene assessment was a poor indicator of bacterial count. The HygienaTM AquaSnap and MircoSnap luminometry swabs were shown to be reliable predictors of total bacterial and total coliform counts, respectively. Advisors/Committee Members: Duffield, Todd (advisor), Kelton, David (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Health; Welfare; Male calf; Epidemiology

8 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Renaud, D. (2017). Why do some calves die and others thrive? An investigation of risk factors impacting male calf health in Ontario . (Thesis). University of Guelph. Retrieved from https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/11953

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Renaud, David. “Why do some calves die and others thrive? An investigation of risk factors impacting male calf health in Ontario .” 2017. Thesis, University of Guelph. Accessed January 17, 2020. https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/11953.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Renaud, David. “Why do some calves die and others thrive? An investigation of risk factors impacting male calf health in Ontario .” 2017. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Renaud D. Why do some calves die and others thrive? An investigation of risk factors impacting male calf health in Ontario . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Guelph; 2017. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/11953.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Renaud D. Why do some calves die and others thrive? An investigation of risk factors impacting male calf health in Ontario . [Thesis]. University of Guelph; 2017. Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/11953

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Massey University

20. Hansen, Chelsie. The effect of solid feed diet on the oral and cross-sucking behaviour of pre-weaned dairy calves.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2013, Massey University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/5513

► In the dairy industry calves are most frequently artificially reared in groups, which create a greater opportunity for solid feed consumption and non-nutritive oral behaviour.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Dairy calves; Calves; Calf behaviour; Calf feed; Calf feed intake; Calf growth; Calf sucking behaviour; Research Subject Categories::FORESTRY, AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES and LANDSCAPE PLANNING::Animal production

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hansen, C. (2013). The effect of solid feed diet on the oral and cross-sucking behaviour of pre-weaned dairy calves. (Masters Thesis). Massey University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10179/5513

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hansen, Chelsie. “The effect of solid feed diet on the oral and cross-sucking behaviour of pre-weaned dairy calves.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Massey University. Accessed January 17, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/5513.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hansen, Chelsie. “The effect of solid feed diet on the oral and cross-sucking behaviour of pre-weaned dairy calves.” 2013. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Hansen C. The effect of solid feed diet on the oral and cross-sucking behaviour of pre-weaned dairy calves. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Massey University; 2013. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/5513.

Council of Science Editors:

Hansen C. The effect of solid feed diet on the oral and cross-sucking behaviour of pre-weaned dairy calves. [Masters Thesis]. Massey University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/5513

Texas A&M University

21. Lucas, Jessica Jane. The Adoption of Ultrasound Technology for Pregnancy Determination by New Mexico Cow-Calf Producers.

Degree: 2015, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/154990

► The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the diffusion process and the rate of adoption of bovine ultrasound pregnancy determination by New… (more)

▼ The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the diffusion process and the rate of adoption of bovine ultrasound pregnancy determination by New Mexico cattle producers. The researcher from Texas A&M University and Caren Cowan from the New Mexico Cattle Producers Association collaborated on this work. Conclusions were drawn to provide suggestions on increasing the diffusion of ultrasound technology in New Mexico. Data were collected from a sample of 99 producers in the state. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages of nominal data and means and standard deviations of intervally-scaled variables were employed to describe the sample of producers and their levels of familiarity and use of ultrasound technology. The following were among the findings. Of the producers surveyed, most are using rectal palpation as their primary means of pregnancy determination. A small percentage of producers have adopted ultrasound and are using ultrasound alone, while another small percentage are using ultrasound in combination with other technologies to determine pregnancy in their herd. The diffusion process for ultrasound has begun and for some, it has been adopted. A plurality of producers are aware of the technology and know that it exists, with only a small percentage stating that they did not have any knowledge of the technology?s existence. Most producers were not aware of other producers who use ultrasound but would consider using ultrasound themselves. Producers learned about ultrasound from a veterinarian or their friends with only a very small percentage learning about the technology from an extension agent/extension specialist. Producers stated that they are not in contact with an extension agent/extension specialist about their cattle operation. The producers identified that their primary barrier to the adoption of ultrasound is the cost of the veterinarian/technician to perform the procedure. Recommendations were made based on these findings for use by the New Mexico Cooperative Extension Service and the New Mexico Cattle Growers Association seeking to effect change by the diffusion of new innovations. Advisors/Committee Members: Briers, Gary (advisor), Strong, Robert (committee member), Shaw, Robert (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: ultrasound; beef cow-calf; adoption; pregnancy determination

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lucas, J. J. (2015). The Adoption of Ultrasound Technology for Pregnancy Determination by New Mexico Cow-Calf Producers. (Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/154990

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lucas, Jessica Jane. “The Adoption of Ultrasound Technology for Pregnancy Determination by New Mexico Cow-Calf Producers.” 2015. Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 17, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/154990.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lucas, Jessica Jane. “The Adoption of Ultrasound Technology for Pregnancy Determination by New Mexico Cow-Calf Producers.” 2015. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Lucas JJ. The Adoption of Ultrasound Technology for Pregnancy Determination by New Mexico Cow-Calf Producers. [Internet] [Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2015. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/154990.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lucas JJ. The Adoption of Ultrasound Technology for Pregnancy Determination by New Mexico Cow-Calf Producers. [Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/154990

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Minnesota

22. Jorgensen, Matthew. Dairy calf health and welfare in automated feeding systems in the upper Midwest USA.

Degree: PhD, Animal Sciences, 2016, University of Minnesota

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/182812

► Automated feeding systems are growing in popularity for dairy farms in America, but little is known about how these systems are managed. This study investigated… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Animal health; Automated feeder; Dairy calf

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jorgensen, M. (2016). Dairy calf health and welfare in automated feeding systems in the upper Midwest USA. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/182812

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jorgensen, Matthew. “Dairy calf health and welfare in automated feeding systems in the upper Midwest USA.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Minnesota. Accessed January 17, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11299/182812.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jorgensen, Matthew. “Dairy calf health and welfare in automated feeding systems in the upper Midwest USA.” 2016. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Jorgensen M. Dairy calf health and welfare in automated feeding systems in the upper Midwest USA. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2016. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/182812.

Council of Science Editors:

Jorgensen M. Dairy calf health and welfare in automated feeding systems in the upper Midwest USA. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/182812

University of Minnesota

23. Severud, William. Assessing Calf Survival and the Quantitative Impact of Reproductive Success on the Declining Moose (Alces alces) Population in Northeastern Minnesota.

Degree: PhD, Natural Resources Science and Management, 2017, University of Minnesota

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/191446

► Ungulate reproductive success is an important driver of population performance. Long-term, the northeastern Minnesota moose (Alces alces) population declined 58% since 2006, yet aerial survey… (more)

▼ Ungulate reproductive success is an important driver of population performance. Long-term, the northeastern Minnesota moose (Alces alces) population declined 58% since 2006, yet aerial survey estimates indicate stability during 2012–2017. Because causal mechanisms for this decline were largely unknown, I investigated calf production, survival and cause-specific mortality of calves of global positioning system (GPS)-collared dams of this population. Global positioning system collars have been deployed on adult moose and other ungulates to study various aspects of their ecology, but until the current study they had not been fitted to moose neonates. In 2013 and 2014, I GPS-collared 54 neonates and monitored them for survival. In 2015, I monitored 50 calving dams for signs of neonatal mortality using behavioral cues, and assessed seasonal calf survival with aerial surveys. In 2013 and 2014, collared calf survival to 9 months was 0.34 (95% CI = 0.23–0.52), whereas uncollared calf survival in 2015 was estimated at 0.40 (95% CI = 0.30–0.54). Survival in all 3 years dropped dramatically in the first 50 days of life; hazard peaked at about 15 days of age when dams and calves departed calving sites. Predation was the leading cause of death of collared calves (84% of mortalities); wolf (Canis lupus) predation accounted for 77% of deaths. The cumulative probability of succumbing to all forms of mortality by 9 months of age was 69.8%. I documented higher wolf predation than other recent studies with similar predator communities. Habitat use during calving and the energetically demanding post-parturition period can be an important determinant of neonatal survival. I surveyed and compared habitat characteristics of pre-calving, calving, peak-lactation, and mortality sites at a fine and broad scale. I also compared mortality sites of calves killed by wolves versus other causes, as well as calving sites of cows that successfully reared a calf to winter to those that did not. Cows tended to move to areas of more conifer forest cover to calve. During peak-lactation, cows and their calves used steeper areas with abundant forage, high concealment, and less conifer cover. Mortality sites were more level than other site types. Generally, wolf-kill sites were farther from roads. Cows that successfully reared a calf to winter typically calved in areas with more deciduous forest and less forested wetland cover than cows whose calves died. I estimated population growth rate (λ) using adult survival and calf recruitment data from the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources demographic studies and the Recruitment-Mortality (R-M) Equation, and compared this estimate to those calculated using data from the annual aerial survey. Measures of recruitment were similar whether derived from the survey or collaring studies, but generally were higher in the collared sample. More recent calculations of λ (derived from the survey [2012–2017 stabilization; 1.02 ± 0.16 (SE)] and using the R-M Equation [1.04 ± 0.04]) indicated growth…

Subjects/Keywords: Alces alces; calf; habitat; moose; neonate; survival

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APA (6^th Edition):

Severud, W. (2017). Assessing Calf Survival and the Quantitative Impact of Reproductive Success on the Declining Moose (Alces alces) Population in Northeastern Minnesota. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/191446

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Severud, William. “Assessing Calf Survival and the Quantitative Impact of Reproductive Success on the Declining Moose (Alces alces) Population in Northeastern Minnesota.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Minnesota. Accessed January 17, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11299/191446.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Severud, William. “Assessing Calf Survival and the Quantitative Impact of Reproductive Success on the Declining Moose (Alces alces) Population in Northeastern Minnesota.” 2017. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Severud W. Assessing Calf Survival and the Quantitative Impact of Reproductive Success on the Declining Moose (Alces alces) Population in Northeastern Minnesota. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2017. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/191446.

Council of Science Editors:

Severud W. Assessing Calf Survival and the Quantitative Impact of Reproductive Success on the Declining Moose (Alces alces) Population in Northeastern Minnesota. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/191446

Addis Ababa University

24. Yimer, Miktar. MAJOR ENTEROPATHOGENES ASSOCIATED IN CALF DIARRHEA, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON E. COLI AND SALMONELLA SPECIES IN DAIRY FARMS OF MUKE TURI, DEBRE STIGE AND FITCHE TOWNS NORTH SHEWA, ETHIOPIA .

Degree: 2014, Addis Ababa University

URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5548

► Cross sectional purposive type of study on entereopathognes associated in calf diarrhea in dairy farms of, Muke turi, Debre tisege and Fitche towns, North Shewa… (more)

▼ Cross sectional purposive type of study on entereopathognes associated in calf diarrhea in dairy farms of, Muke turi, Debre tisege and Fitche towns, North Shewa Zone, was conducted from November 2013 to April 2014 with the objective of identification of enteropathogens associated with calf diarrhea, investigating of potential risk factors related to the occurrence of enteropathognes causing calf diarrhea, determination of E. coli biotype and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates. Non-probability purposive sampling was used for the selection of farms and calf samples and 105 diarrheic calf samples were used in this study. Standard isolation techniques were used to identify the enteropathognes from diarrheic cases. The overall occurrence of E. coli, salmonella, cryptosporidium, eimeria and giardia found in this study were 69.5%, 25.7%, 27.6, 38.1% and 22.9% respectively. Single and mixed infection was common in this study. Among the potential risk factors age and age at first colotrum feeding were the factors that were found significantly associated with risk of occurrence of E. coli causing diarrhea (P= 0.01) using Chi square test and younger calves were more susceptible than older caves by odds of 14.74 times. Other risk factors (sex, breed) were not significantly associated with the occurrence of enteropathogns. Thirteen different biotypes of E. coli were found on the fermentation of nine sugars biotype XIII and XII were the dominant biotype found in calf diarrhea. Ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and gentamycin were found to be susceptible for the bacterial isolates whereas erythromycin and tetracycline were developed resistance and most of the bacterial isolates showed multidrug resistance pattern. The occurrence rate of E. coli, salmonella, cryptosporidium and giardia causing diarrhea were serious problem in dairy caves. Great care should be given to the age of calves and time of first colostrum ingestion. Further epidemiological and microbiological studies on enteropathogns causing calf diarrhea to identify the serotype, virulent gene of the bacteria strongly recommended, in addition, the higher rate of antimicrobial resistance indicates the strategic use of the drugs in the future Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Gezahegn Mamo (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Calf diarrhea; E. coli Eimeria; Cryptospordium; Giardia

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APA (6^th Edition):

Yimer, M. (2014). MAJOR ENTEROPATHOGENES ASSOCIATED IN CALF DIARRHEA, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON E. COLI AND SALMONELLA SPECIES IN DAIRY FARMS OF MUKE TURI, DEBRE STIGE AND FITCHE TOWNS NORTH SHEWA, ETHIOPIA . (Thesis). Addis Ababa University. Retrieved from http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5548

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Yimer, Miktar. “MAJOR ENTEROPATHOGENES ASSOCIATED IN CALF DIARRHEA, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON E. COLI AND SALMONELLA SPECIES IN DAIRY FARMS OF MUKE TURI, DEBRE STIGE AND FITCHE TOWNS NORTH SHEWA, ETHIOPIA .” 2014. Thesis, Addis Ababa University. Accessed January 17, 2020. http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5548.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Yimer, Miktar. “MAJOR ENTEROPATHOGENES ASSOCIATED IN CALF DIARRHEA, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON E. COLI AND SALMONELLA SPECIES IN DAIRY FARMS OF MUKE TURI, DEBRE STIGE AND FITCHE TOWNS NORTH SHEWA, ETHIOPIA .” 2014. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Yimer M. MAJOR ENTEROPATHOGENES ASSOCIATED IN CALF DIARRHEA, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON E. COLI AND SALMONELLA SPECIES IN DAIRY FARMS OF MUKE TURI, DEBRE STIGE AND FITCHE TOWNS NORTH SHEWA, ETHIOPIA . [Internet] [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2014. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5548.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Yimer M. MAJOR ENTEROPATHOGENES ASSOCIATED IN CALF DIARRHEA, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON E. COLI AND SALMONELLA SPECIES IN DAIRY FARMS OF MUKE TURI, DEBRE STIGE AND FITCHE TOWNS NORTH SHEWA, ETHIOPIA . [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2014. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5548

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Universiteit Utrecht

25. Brand, N.L. Is social status passed on from cow to calf?.

Degree: 2013, Universiteit Utrecht

URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/277389

► Within a herd of cows a complex social structure exists. Ranking orders between cows are not simply linear and difficult to see. Knowledge on social… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Diergeneeskunde; Cow, Calf, Dominance, Social, Status

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APA (6^th Edition):

Brand, N. L. (2013). Is social status passed on from cow to calf?. (Masters Thesis). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/277389

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brand, N L. “Is social status passed on from cow to calf?.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed January 17, 2020. http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/277389.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brand, N L. “Is social status passed on from cow to calf?.” 2013. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Brand NL. Is social status passed on from cow to calf?. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2013. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/277389.

Council of Science Editors:

Brand NL. Is social status passed on from cow to calf?. [Masters Thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2013. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/277389

Penn State University

26. Houser, Beth Ann. Toxigenic Clostridium difficile in the Bovine Calf Gut: Association with Enteric Disease in Calves and Significance to Public Health.

Degree: PhD, Pathobiology, 2010, Penn State University

URL: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10991

► Clostridium difficile is an emerging pathogen in humans and animals. A real-time multiplex PCR assay was developed and standardized for the detection of genetic elements… (more)

▼ Clostridium difficile is an emerging pathogen in humans and animals. A real-time multiplex PCR assay was developed and standardized for the detection of genetic elements of toxigenic C. difficile. The assay targeted genes encoding TcdA, TcdB, and CDT toxins of C. difficile andwas carried out in two duplex reactions. Reaction 1 targeted tcdA and tcdB while reaction 2 targeted cdtA and cdtB. The detection limit of the standardized real-time multiplex PCR assay for the toxin genes of C. difficle was 103cells/g and 101cells/g for non-enriched and enriched fecal and ground meat samples, respectively. When DNA is extracted directly from fecal and ground meat samples, toxin genes of C. difficile may be detected in as little as 4 hours, although, sample enrichment is recommended to increase sensitivity. The multiplex real-time PCR assay was used throughout the study. The role of C. difficile in enteric disease in calves was investigated. The findings of the study revealed that young calves were nearly 11 times more likely to have enteric lesions when toxins TcdA and/or TcdB were detected in the feces. Toxigenic C. difficile was detected in 43% of calves with no enteric lesions or clinical symptoms of enteric disease. This observation confirms previous reports that calves could be asymptomatic carriers of C. difficile. Isolates collected from calves were characterized using genotypic and phenotypic methods. Genes encoding TcdA, TcdB, and CDT were detected in 86.6%, 85.1%, and 83.6% of isolates, respectively. Deletions (100 bp) in the tcdC gene, a negative regulator of toxin expression, were detected in 73.1% of toxigenic isolates. All isolates were resistant to cefoxitin, a third generation cephalosporin, and 52.2% of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Nine representative toxigenic C. difficile isolates were examined for in vitro toxin production in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of oxytetracycline, an antibiotic commonly administered to calves during the first two weeks of life. It was observed that exposure to oxyetracycline increased TcdA and/or TcdB production of one isolate. Exposure to oxytetracycline also resulted in TcdA and/or TcdB production by an isolate that did not produce toxin under control conditions. A longitudinal study was conducted to determine the prevalence of toxigenic C. difficile in veal calves. Fifty veal calves from 4 herds (n=200) were followed for 18-22 weeks from the time of arrival on the veal farm to the time of slaughter. It was observed that 58 (29%) calves tested PCR positive for genetic elements of toxigenic C. difficile at least once over 18-22 week period. Calf age (p=0.011) and season (p=0.28e-6) influenced the prevalence of C. difficile toxin genes in calf fecal samples. Carcasses of calves (n=100) from two herds were sampled to determine the incidence of toxigenic C. difficile contamination. Carcass swabs were screened for toxigenic C. difficile contamination using culture and multiplex real-time PCR methods. Toxin genes of C. difficile were detected in 1…

Subjects/Keywords: Clostridium difficile; epidemiology; public health; calf enteritis

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APA (6^th Edition):

Houser, B. A. (2010). Toxigenic Clostridium difficile in the Bovine Calf Gut: Association with Enteric Disease in Calves and Significance to Public Health. (Doctoral Dissertation). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10991

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Houser, Beth Ann. “Toxigenic Clostridium difficile in the Bovine Calf Gut: Association with Enteric Disease in Calves and Significance to Public Health.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Penn State University. Accessed January 17, 2020. https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10991.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Houser, Beth Ann. “Toxigenic Clostridium difficile in the Bovine Calf Gut: Association with Enteric Disease in Calves and Significance to Public Health.” 2010. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Houser BA. Toxigenic Clostridium difficile in the Bovine Calf Gut: Association with Enteric Disease in Calves and Significance to Public Health. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Penn State University; 2010. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10991.

Council of Science Editors:

Houser BA. Toxigenic Clostridium difficile in the Bovine Calf Gut: Association with Enteric Disease in Calves and Significance to Public Health. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Penn State University; 2010. Available from: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10991

27. Lea, John William D. The Effects of Knee High Compression Garments and Ice on Exercise Performance and Recovery .

Degree: 2016, University of Hertfordshire

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2299/17199

► Introduction: Compression garments (CGs) are becoming increasingly popular in many sports as they are believed to aid performance and recovery. Likewise the use of ice… (more)

▼ Introduction: Compression garments (CGs) are becoming increasingly popular in many sports as they are believed to aid performance and recovery. Likewise the use of ice therapy is one of the most used recovery strategies by athletes and sports people. Purpose: The purpose of these studies was to examine the effect of CGs on physiological, biomechanical and perceptual measures of performance and recovery after 10 km running; and to assess the combined use of compression and ice on recovery post eccentric exercise. Method: Two separate studies were conducted; Phase 1 was a randomised control study in which thirteen recreationally competitive male 10 km runners (Age (median): 26 years (19-48 years), Height: 178 ?? 5 cm, Mass: 76.2 ?? 6.5 kg, V??O2Max: 50 ?? 5 ml.kg-1.min-1) undertook four 10 km runs. The interventions were; CON (no intervention), EX (CGs during run), REC (CGs for 12 hours post run) and EXREC (CGs during and 12 hours post run). During the runs heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), blood lactate and performance time were measured. Post run (24 hours) creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), calf girths, and perceived pain were measured. A separate muscle oscillations test was also performed; where participants completed two 30 second runs at 12 km.h-1, wearing CGs (CG) and no CGs (CON). During the runs peak velocity, peak acceleration, average velocity and peak displacement of the calf muscle was measure using a 3D infrared camera system. Phase 2 was a randomised control study in which nine healthy male volunteers (Age (median): 23 years (20-27 years), Height: 178.7 ?? 5.3 cm, Mass: 78.2 ?? 14.4 kg) completed 3 trials: CON (no intervention), REC (CGs for 12 hours post run) and ICE (ice protocol and CGs for 12 hours post run). Each trial consisted of an eccentric muscle damage protocol followed by a 1 km time trial 48 hours post exercise. Perceptual measures of muscle pain, perceived ability and perceived recovery were measured at 24, 48 and 72 hours post eccentric exercise, with a questionnaire. Muscle damage (CK), calf girths and 1 km performance time were measured 48 hours post run. Results: Phase 1; there were no significant differences in 10 km run time, HR, RPE, lactate, CK, CRP, calf girths, perceived pain, peak or average calf muscle velocity, or peak acceleration of calf muscle with any application of CGs compared to the control (p > 0.05). During the muscle oscillation test a significant reduction in calf muscle displacement was found with CGs (p < 0.05). Phase 2; there were no significant differences in 1 km run performance, CK or calf girths, 48 hours post run (p < 0.05). There were inconsistent improvements in muscle pain, perceived recovery and perceived maximum ability in the REC and ICE trials compared to control (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Neither CGs nor ice had any physiological effects on performance or recovery. Compression reduced the displacement of the calf muscle during running, which could lead to increased efficiency over longer duration races such as marathons.…

Subjects/Keywords: Calf Sleeves; running; competition; perceptual responses; DOMS

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lea, J. W. D. (2016). The Effects of Knee High Compression Garments and Ice on Exercise Performance and Recovery . (Thesis). University of Hertfordshire. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2299/17199

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lea, John William D. “The Effects of Knee High Compression Garments and Ice on Exercise Performance and Recovery .” 2016. Thesis, University of Hertfordshire. Accessed January 17, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/17199.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lea, John William D. “The Effects of Knee High Compression Garments and Ice on Exercise Performance and Recovery .” 2016. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Lea JWD. The Effects of Knee High Compression Garments and Ice on Exercise Performance and Recovery . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hertfordshire; 2016. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2299/17199.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lea JWD. The Effects of Knee High Compression Garments and Ice on Exercise Performance and Recovery . [Thesis]. University of Hertfordshire; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2299/17199

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Louisiana State University

28. Doescher, Ryan. Effects of varying levels of cottonseed hulls on growth and metabolic indications of rumen development of dairy calves.

Degree: MS, Animal Sciences, 2010, Louisiana State University

URL: etd-04292010-145244 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/2518

► A study was conducted to determine the effects of varying levels of cottonseed hulls on growth and metabolic indications of rumen development of dairy calves.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: dairy calves; dairy calf; cottonseed hulls

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Doescher, R. (2010). Effects of varying levels of cottonseed hulls on growth and metabolic indications of rumen development of dairy calves. (Masters Thesis). Louisiana State University. Retrieved from etd-04292010-145244 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/2518

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Doescher, Ryan. “Effects of varying levels of cottonseed hulls on growth and metabolic indications of rumen development of dairy calves.” 2010. Masters Thesis, Louisiana State University. Accessed January 17, 2020. etd-04292010-145244 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/2518.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Doescher, Ryan. “Effects of varying levels of cottonseed hulls on growth and metabolic indications of rumen development of dairy calves.” 2010. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Doescher R. Effects of varying levels of cottonseed hulls on growth and metabolic indications of rumen development of dairy calves. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Louisiana State University; 2010. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: etd-04292010-145244 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/2518.

Council of Science Editors:

Doescher R. Effects of varying levels of cottonseed hulls on growth and metabolic indications of rumen development of dairy calves. [Masters Thesis]. Louisiana State University; 2010. Available from: etd-04292010-145244 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/2518

Texas A&M University

29. Baber, Jessica Rae. Evaluating Feasibility of Alternative Feeding Methods for Limit-fed Cow-Calf Systems.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2016, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158606

► To evaluate the performance and economic sustainability of alternative intensified cow-calf production systems, two trials were conducted and a simulation model was built. In experiment… (more)

▼ To evaluate the performance and economic sustainability of alternative intensified cow-calf production systems, two trials were conducted and a simulation model was built. In experiment 1, a limit-fed total mixed ration (80% of NRC predicted NEm requirements, 52.88 mg/kg EBW⁰.75) was separated into a roughage and concentrate component where concentrate was fed at -2, 0, 2 or 12 h after forage delivery to determine effects on nutrient utilization and solid passage rate. Experiment 2 was conducted to compare BW and BCS changes over 112 d of limit-fed production systems, fed either as a total mixed ration (TMR) or as roughage and concentrate components fed separately (SEP), to a conventional hay (HAY) fed system. A simulation model based on a cow-calf enterprise budget was constructed to determine economic viability of the three production systems. Four levels of intake (70, 85, 100, and 115% of NRC predicted NEm requirements) were compared for the two limit-fed systems, TMR and SEP. Stochastic variables in the model included weaning weights, prices of weaned steers and heifers, and feed ingredient prices. Time of concentrate delivery relative to roughage did not affect DM or OM digestion (P ≥ 0.88). Nadir of pH was consistently observed 4 to 8 h after concentrate was delivered, but mean ruminal pH was similar among treatments (P = 0.22) ranging from 6.44 to 6.55 for 2S and 12S, respectively. Treatment did not affect final BW (1143 lb; P = 0.72) or BCS (5.6; P = 0.67), but tended to affect final RE (P = 0.06) with RE of 137.1, 98.9 and -14.6 Mcal for TMR, SEP, and HAY, respectively. Probability of negative net returns was 0.35 for HAY, which was slightly less than the probability observed in the TMR at 115% (0.37). All other probabilities for negative returns ranged from 0.13 (SEP 70%) to 0.30 (TMR 115%). Limit-feeding of TMR or separate delivery of forage and concentrate rations sustained cow performance compared to ad libitum hay consumption. Economic analysis suggests limit-feeding cattle is preferred to hay feeding, and that separate delivery of forage and concentrate would be most profitable and least risky. Advisors/Committee Members: Wickersham, Tryon A (advisor), Sawyer, Jason E (advisor), Anderson, David P (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: limit-feeding; cow-calf; digestion; economics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Baber, J. R. (2016). Evaluating Feasibility of Alternative Feeding Methods for Limit-fed Cow-Calf Systems. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158606

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Baber, Jessica Rae. “Evaluating Feasibility of Alternative Feeding Methods for Limit-fed Cow-Calf Systems.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 17, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158606.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Baber, Jessica Rae. “Evaluating Feasibility of Alternative Feeding Methods for Limit-fed Cow-Calf Systems.” 2016. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Baber JR. Evaluating Feasibility of Alternative Feeding Methods for Limit-fed Cow-Calf Systems. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2016. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158606.

Council of Science Editors:

Baber JR. Evaluating Feasibility of Alternative Feeding Methods for Limit-fed Cow-Calf Systems. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158606

University of Saskatchewan

30. Wills, Felicity Kaye 1988-. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PREVALENCE AND FECAL EGG COUNT INTENSITY OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN WESTERN CANADIAN COW-CALF HERDS.

Degree: 2017, University of Saskatchewan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/8302

► Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) have a negative impact on animal health and production in grazed beef cattle. The impact that GIN have on cattle is dependent… (more)

▼ Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) have a negative impact on animal health and production in grazed beef cattle. The impact that GIN have on cattle is dependent on the interaction of many factors including the biology between the host (cattle) and the parasite, climate, cattle management/husbandry, pasture/stock management and varies between geographical locations, herd to herd and animal to animal. There is a scarcity of current information regarding GIN epidemiology and management specific to western Canadian beef cow-calf herds, an important sector of the agrarian economy. Therefore, the overarching objective of this thesis was to provide current information about the epidemiology and management of GIN in beef cow-calf herds of western Canada. This objective was examined in three parts: i) determining the prevalence and FEC intensity of gastrointestinal nematode burdens in different production types (cows, calves and replacement heifers), ii) characterizing the herd-level gastrointestinal nematode burden of heifers quantitatively and qualitatively by conducting fecal egg counts and determination of nematode larval species identity and iii) characterizing the current management strategies employed by producers in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes by producers of the western Canadian beef cow-calf industry. In study 1, fecal egg counts (FEC) provided by Merck Animal Health Canada from cows (n=1,780), calves (n=980) and replacement heifers (n=960) from 201 herds over 2012, 2013 and 2014 were analyze using generalized estimating equations (GEE) (STATA14) for the prevalence and mean eggs per gram (EPG) for Trichostrongylid-type eggs, Nematodirus spp. and Trichuris spp. The prevalence of Trichostrongylid-type eggs was uniformly high across all production types (78; 95% CI 75-82), while the mean EPG was consistently low (4.9; 95% CI 3.9-5.9). Nematodirus spp. egg positive samples came most frequently from calves, with an appreciably high predicted prevalence of 36% (95% CI 30-42). Trichuris spp. eggs were a very infrequent finding at an overall prevalence of 0.2% (7/3891; 95% CI 0.08 – 0.4). Study two used the same methodology as study 1. However, samples utilized were form 1,655 heifers (n=85 herds) enrolled in a pilot disease surveillance network (Western Canadian Cow-Calf Surveillance Network (WCCCSN)). The prevalence (95% CI) of Trichostrongylid-type egg positive samples was high at 92% (95% CI 89-95). The prevalence of Nematodirus spp. (2%; 95% CI 1-3) and Trichuris spp. (1%; 95% CI 1-2) was very low. The level of FEC intensity was consistently low, with a mean EPG (95% CI) of Trichostrongylid-type eggs was 5.0 (95& CI 4.4– 5.9). Herds with >300 cow-calf pairs had a significantly (p<0.01) lower mean predicted Trichostrongylid-type EPG at 5.0 EPG (95% CI 3.6-6.5) compared to herds with ≤300 cow-calf pairs (5.3 EPG; 95% CI 4.4-6.2). For Study 3 in May 2016, 105 questionnaires were administered to producers enrolled in the WCCCSN pilot disease surveillance network described in study 2, to describe the current… Advisors/Committee Members: Uehlinger , Fabienne, Campbell, John, Waldner , Cheryl, Colwell, Douglas.

Subjects/Keywords: Beef cow-calf Western Canada Gastrointestinal nematodes

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wills, F. K. 1. (2017). CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PREVALENCE AND FECAL EGG COUNT INTENSITY OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN WESTERN CANADIAN COW-CALF HERDS. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/8302

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wills, Felicity Kaye 1988-. “CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PREVALENCE AND FECAL EGG COUNT INTENSITY OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN WESTERN CANADIAN COW-CALF HERDS.” 2017. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed January 17, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/8302.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wills, Felicity Kaye 1988-. “CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PREVALENCE AND FECAL EGG COUNT INTENSITY OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN WESTERN CANADIAN COW-CALF HERDS.” 2017. Web. 17 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Wills FK1. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PREVALENCE AND FECAL EGG COUNT INTENSITY OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN WESTERN CANADIAN COW-CALF HERDS. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2017. [cited 2020 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/8302.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wills FK1. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PREVALENCE AND FECAL EGG COUNT INTENSITY OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN WESTERN CANADIAN COW-CALF HERDS. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/8302

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Open Access Theses and Dissertations