subject:(calf)

University of Alberta

1. Kent-Dennis, Coral E. Effects of heat-treatment of colostrum on the development of calves in the neonatal and pre-weaned periods.

Degree: MS, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 2014, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/4x51hk517

► Calves are born agammaglobulinemic and must ingest vital immunoglobulins via colostrum for protection from infection during the neonatal period. Colostrum also contains many other biologically… (more)

▼ Calves are born agammaglobulinemic and must ingest vital immunoglobulins via colostrum for protection from infection during the neonatal period. Colostrum also contains many other biologically active factors, such as growth factors, immune cells and antimicrobial peptides, which are important for development, growth and health of the calf. Although essential to the calf, colostrum also represents one of the earliest sources of exposure to infectious pathogens. Pasteurization of milk and colostrum is becoming a common practice used to reduce vertical transmission of pathogens to young calves. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the effects of heating colostrum on its components and on the development of calves. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of heat-treatment of colostrum on gut absorption and development in bull calves in the first 12 hours of life, and the effects of absorption, growth and health in pre-weaned heifer calves. Bull calves (n=23) and heifer calves (n=17) were fed 2L of either unheated or heat-treated colostrum within an hour after birth. In the first experiment, absorption of IgG and β-lactoglobulin (BLG), villus height and crypt depth of the ileum and ileal goblet cell number were measured in bull calves. Bulls that received heat-treated colostrum had 18% lower plasma IgG at 12 hours of age compared to those fed unheated colostrum. Bull calves receiving heat-treated colostrum also had lower plasma BLG concentrations beginning at 6 hours of life. By 9 hours, those that received heat-treated colostrum had 51% less plasma BLG compared to bulls fed unheated colostrum. The BLG concentration decreased more rapidly from circulation than IgG. No significant differences in villus height or crypt depth were detected with regards to colostrum treatment. Calves that received heat-treated colostrum had a significantly higher number of goblet cells compared to those receiving unheated colostrum. In the second experiment, heifer calves were also analyzed for absorption of IgG and BLG into the blood. Average daily gain, grain intake, and daily rectal temperatures were recorded for each heifer until weaning. Despite being fed from the same pools of colostrum, heifer calves did not demonstrate the same absorption patterns for IgG and BLG as were seen with the bulls. Heifer calves receiving heat-treated colostrum had higher circulating IgG levels during the first 24 hours of life compared to those fed unheated colostrum. No significant differences in plasma BLG concentration, grain intake, or health scores were detected. Daily rectal temperatures also did not differ significantly during weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. However, during week 5, calves that had received heat-treated colostrum had significantly higher rectal temperatures compared to those fed unheated colostrum. Although no statistically significant differences were detected for average daily gain, during week 5, there was a tendency for heifers receiving heat-treated colostrum to have a lower rate of gain. Week 5 corresponds…

Subjects/Keywords: dairy; colostrum; calf

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kent-Dennis, C. E. (2014). Effects of heat-treatment of colostrum on the development of calves in the neonatal and pre-weaned periods. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/4x51hk517

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kent-Dennis, Coral E. “Effects of heat-treatment of colostrum on the development of calves in the neonatal and pre-weaned periods.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed April 13, 2021. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/4x51hk517.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kent-Dennis, Coral E. “Effects of heat-treatment of colostrum on the development of calves in the neonatal and pre-weaned periods.” 2014. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kent-Dennis CE. Effects of heat-treatment of colostrum on the development of calves in the neonatal and pre-weaned periods. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/4x51hk517.

Council of Science Editors:

Kent-Dennis CE. Effects of heat-treatment of colostrum on the development of calves in the neonatal and pre-weaned periods. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2014. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/4x51hk517

Texas Tech University

2. Davis, Emily Michelle. The impacts of various milk replacer supplements on the health and performance of high-risk dairy calves.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2018, Texas Tech University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/73845

► The objectives of this study were to determine the impacts of supplementing a blend of probiotics, β-glucan, mannanoligosaccharides, and small molecular weight molecules from colostrum… (more)

▼ The objectives of this study were to determine the impacts of supplementing a blend of probiotics, β-glucan, mannanoligosaccharides, and small molecular weight molecules from colostrum on the performance and health of high-risk Holstein calves. One hundred Holstein bull calves were acquired from a local calf ranch within 24 h of birth and randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatments added to the milk replacer: (1) Control (CON), no additive; (2) Immu-Prime (ImmPr), 1.5 g/d ImmPr first 3 d only; (3) β-glucan (BG), 1 g/d BG; (4) Mannanoligosaccharide + Bacillus subtilis (MOS+Bs), 3 g/d MOS + 4 x 109 CFU/d Bacillus subtilis; and (5) PROVIDA (PRO), blend of 2 x 109 CFU/d Lactobacillus casei and Enterococcus faecium + 2 x 109 Saccharomyces cerevisae. Calves were weaned at d 56, comingled, and treatment carry-over effects were evaluated through d 84. Starter intake was measured daily and BW weekly. Peripheral blood samples were collected on d 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 42, 56, and 84 and analyzed for hematology and serum analyzed for haptoglobin concentrations. Neutrophil function was assessed through surface L-selectin and phagocytic and oxidative burst activities. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed in SAS (SAS 9.4, Cary, NC). The BG consumed the most starter from d 1 to 28 and both the MOS+Bs and ImmPr consumed more than the CON (P=0.016). Preweaned ADG was greater for PRO and BG when compared to the CON (P=0.038), both the MOS+Bs and ImmPr were not different than the other treatments. There was no carry-over effect on ADG (P=0.879). There was a tendency for BG, MOS+Bs, and PRO to have reduced serum haptoglobin throughout the study (P=0.075). Total leukocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts were reduced among MOS+Bs calves (P 0.003), whereas BG calves tended to have the greatest neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (P=0.051). Neutrophil L-selectin was reduced among BG (P=0.030), whereas PRO was not different than BG or the other treatments. Neutrophil oxidative burst was reduced among BG and PRO when compared to CON and ImmPr (P=0.011), but MOS+Bs was not different than any treatment. Supplementing BG, MOS+Bs, and PRO all influenced performance and health of high risk calves, but the mechanisms appear to be different. Advisors/Committee Members: Machado, Vinicius (committee member), Neves, Rafael (committee member), Ballou, Michael (Committee Chair).

Subjects/Keywords: Calf; Health; Immune

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APA (6^th Edition):

Davis, E. M. (2018). The impacts of various milk replacer supplements on the health and performance of high-risk dairy calves. (Masters Thesis). Texas Tech University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2346/73845

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Davis, Emily Michelle. “The impacts of various milk replacer supplements on the health and performance of high-risk dairy calves.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Texas Tech University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2346/73845.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Davis, Emily Michelle. “The impacts of various milk replacer supplements on the health and performance of high-risk dairy calves.” 2018. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Davis EM. The impacts of various milk replacer supplements on the health and performance of high-risk dairy calves. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas Tech University; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/73845.

Council of Science Editors:

Davis EM. The impacts of various milk replacer supplements on the health and performance of high-risk dairy calves. [Masters Thesis]. Texas Tech University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/73845

University of Waikato

3. Topp, Theresa. Automated measurement of disease and pain in New Zealand group-housed calves .

Degree: 2015, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10527

► Exposure to disease and pain will prolong animal ‘suffering’, and as such, diminishes welfare. Identifying behaviours indicative of these conditions can facilitate early detection, timely… (more)

▼ Exposure to disease and pain will prolong animal ‘suffering’, and as such, diminishes welfare. Identifying behaviours indicative of these conditions can facilitate early detection, timely treatment and improved welfare. Contributing to the problem of disease and pain detection in calves is the innate tendency of these animals to mask behavioural signs of vulnerability (stoicism), and the extensive use of group-housing systems. Existing technology was used in my research to obtain objective measures of behaviour in response to disease and pain. The goal of this thesis was to explore these key aspects of calf welfare: The work reported in Chapter 2 investigated a naturally occurring disease (neonatal calf diarrhoea complex) in pre-weaned calves to assess whether changes in milk-feeding and lying behaviours could be used for early disease detection. Calves were observed for a three week period, starting when they were four days old. Data on milk feeding and lying behaviours were obtained using automated milk-feeders and HOBO data loggers respectively. Lying postures were analysed from daily video footage at five minute intervals between 10:00-14:00 (seven days per week). For statistical analysis, calves were classified as ‘sick’ (n=21), or ‘not sick’ (n=91). This thesis identified three feeding measures of interest for disease detection: 1) reduced milk consumption, 2) increased duration of visits to the milk feeder, and 3) sick calves were less likely to receive a rewarded visit compared to calves that were not sick. Sick calves increased the duration of lying bouts nearing time of illness; however, no difference was observed between sick calves and those that were not sick. Postural observations were not effective at predicting illness. The use of automated milk-feeders to detect disease in calves has been studied extensively overseas; to my knowledge, this is the first New Zealand study to use automated feeders for this purpose. The results of this study indicate that aspects of milk feeding behaviour can be used to detect diseased calves in group housing systems. The work reported in Chapter 3 used hot iron disbudding as a pain model to determine whether changes in milk-feeding and lying behaviours could be used to identify pain in calves less than 4 weeks of age. Data was obtained using automated feeders and HOBO data loggers respectively over three observation periods (pre-treatment, treatment day and post-treatment). Fifty-three calves (26.5 ± 3.5 days of age) were allocated to one of five treatment groups: hot iron disbudded with no analgesia (n=11), disbudded with a local anaesthetic (LA, n=11), disbudded with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID; n=11), disbudded with NSAID and LA (n=10), and SHAM calves (n=11). Analysis of feeding behaviour revealed only one difference between all treatment groups; SHAM calves showed a greater number of visits to the milk feeder during the recovery period compared to disbudded animals. Feeding and lying behaviours in this study were considered to be… Advisors/Committee Members: Waas, Joseph R (advisor), Sutherland, Mhairi (advisor), Stewart, Mairi (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: calf; welfare; behaviour

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APA (6^th Edition):

Topp, T. (2015). Automated measurement of disease and pain in New Zealand group-housed calves . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10527

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Topp, Theresa. “Automated measurement of disease and pain in New Zealand group-housed calves .” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10527.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Topp, Theresa. “Automated measurement of disease and pain in New Zealand group-housed calves .” 2015. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Topp T. Automated measurement of disease and pain in New Zealand group-housed calves . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10527.

Council of Science Editors:

Topp T. Automated measurement of disease and pain in New Zealand group-housed calves . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10527

4. 小泉, 孝弘. Analysis of swallowing dynamics by high-resolution manometry : Index correlated with swallowing pressure : 高解像度マノメトリーによる嚥下動態の解析　−嚥下圧と相関する指標について−.

Degree: 博士（歯学）, 2016, Osaka Dental University / 大阪歯科大学

URL: http://id.nii.ac.jp/1392/00000120/

►

The swallowing pressure test evaluates swallowing dynamics quantitatively and objectively according to pressure and time, and has been applied to pharyngeal pressure measurement in recent… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Swallowing pressure; Calf circumference; Correlation

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APA (6^th Edition):

小泉, �. (2016). Analysis of swallowing dynamics by high-resolution manometry : Index correlated with swallowing pressure : 高解像度マノメトリーによる嚥下動態の解析　−嚥下圧と相関する指標について−. (Thesis). Osaka Dental University / 大阪歯科大学. Retrieved from http://id.nii.ac.jp/1392/00000120/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

小泉, 孝弘. “Analysis of swallowing dynamics by high-resolution manometry : Index correlated with swallowing pressure : 高解像度マノメトリーによる嚥下動態の解析　−嚥下圧と相関する指標について−.” 2016. Thesis, Osaka Dental University / 大阪歯科大学. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://id.nii.ac.jp/1392/00000120/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

小泉, 孝弘. “Analysis of swallowing dynamics by high-resolution manometry : Index correlated with swallowing pressure : 高解像度マノメトリーによる嚥下動態の解析　−嚥下圧と相関する指標について−.” 2016. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

小泉 �. Analysis of swallowing dynamics by high-resolution manometry : Index correlated with swallowing pressure : 高解像度マノメトリーによる嚥下動態の解析　−嚥下圧と相関する指標について−. [Internet] [Thesis]. Osaka Dental University / 大阪歯科大学; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://id.nii.ac.jp/1392/00000120/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

小泉 �. Analysis of swallowing dynamics by high-resolution manometry : Index correlated with swallowing pressure : 高解像度マノメトリーによる嚥下動態の解析　−嚥下圧と相関する指標について−. [Thesis]. Osaka Dental University / 大阪歯科大学; 2016. Available from: http://id.nii.ac.jp/1392/00000120/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Universiteit Utrecht

5. Arkel, J.J. van. Transmission of BLV between infected cows and their calves during gestation periparturient period: a Pilotstudy in Chile, Xth Region.

Degree: 2009, Universiteit Utrecht

URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/289311

► Summary Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that causes economic looses in dairy herds in Chile. Infection is mostly due to blood related proceedings,… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Bovine Leukosis; BLV; calf; transmission

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APA (6^th Edition):

Arkel, J. J. v. (2009). Transmission of BLV between infected cows and their calves during gestation periparturient period: a Pilotstudy in Chile, Xth Region. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/289311

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Arkel, J J van. “Transmission of BLV between infected cows and their calves during gestation periparturient period: a Pilotstudy in Chile, Xth Region.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/289311.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Arkel, J J van. “Transmission of BLV between infected cows and their calves during gestation periparturient period: a Pilotstudy in Chile, Xth Region.” 2009. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Arkel JJv. Transmission of BLV between infected cows and their calves during gestation periparturient period: a Pilotstudy in Chile, Xth Region. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2009. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/289311.

Council of Science Editors:

Arkel JJv. Transmission of BLV between infected cows and their calves during gestation periparturient period: a Pilotstudy in Chile, Xth Region. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2009. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/289311

University of Alberta

6. Liang, Guanxiang. Transcriptomic changes of the gut in dairy calves during pre-weaned period.

Degree: PhD, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, 2015, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/c47429914t

► Maintenance of the gut health of calves is vital because enteric infections are associated with high mortality during the pre-weaned period. The small intestine is… (more)

▼ Maintenance of the gut health of calves is vital because enteric infections are associated with high mortality during the pre-weaned period. The small intestine is the primary site of many enteric infections and plays an important role in protecting the host from pathogenic infection through both barrier and mucosal immune functions. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating small intestine development in the pre-weaned calf have not been well characterized. Four studies (Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 5) were performed to investigate the expression profiles of protein-coding genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) in gut tissues of pre-weaned calves, identify their changes in response to gut microbial colonization and enteric infection, and elucidate potential mechanisms of the small intestinal development in the pre-weaned calves. The expression of miRNAs in the gastrointestinal tract had dynamic changes during the pre-weaned period, and their functions were related to the development of intestinal mucosal immune system Moreover, significant associations between miRNA expression and microbial populations in the small intestine provided evidences that miRNAs were involved in mediating host-microbial interactions. Further transcriptomic analysis revealed higher expression levels of genes involved in complement functional pathway, tight junction protein, and IgA complex in the jejunum than those in the ileum, suggesting the roles of the jejunum in the immune and barrier functions in pre-weaned calves. In addition, during the first week after birth, the temporal expression pattern of tight junction protein genes, antimicrobial peptide genes, NOD-like receptor genes, a regulatory T cell marker gene, and cytokine genes suggested that this is a critical developmental period for intestinal mucosal immune function. An ileal loop model was used to target Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection to the ileal region of the small intestine. Differentially expressed miRNAs and alternatively spliced genes in the infected versus uninfected ileal segment revealed significant changes in endothelial cell proliferation, macrophage maturation and lysosome function as possible mechanisms by which MAP escapes host immune responses. Finally, the same surgical model was used to analyze changes in miRNA expression when the intestinal microbiota was altered by treatment with a dose-dependent exposure to allicin, an antimicrobial compound present in garlic. The observed changes in miRNA expression and their predicted function in lymphocytes development following of the changes in gut bacterial population changes after antimicrobial treatment further supported the conclusion that miRNA expression was associated with microbial colonization and miRNA played a role in regulating the intestinal mucosal immune system of pre-weaned calves. In summary, the transcriptomic analysis revealed that the protein-coding genes and miRNAs are involved in regulating diverse aspects of small intestinal development that are age-dependent and vary among…

Subjects/Keywords: gut; transcriptome; microRNAs; calf

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APA (6^th Edition):

Liang, G. (2015). Transcriptomic changes of the gut in dairy calves during pre-weaned period. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/c47429914t

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Liang, Guanxiang. “Transcriptomic changes of the gut in dairy calves during pre-weaned period.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Alberta. Accessed April 13, 2021. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/c47429914t.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Liang, Guanxiang. “Transcriptomic changes of the gut in dairy calves during pre-weaned period.” 2015. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Liang G. Transcriptomic changes of the gut in dairy calves during pre-weaned period. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/c47429914t.

Council of Science Editors:

Liang G. Transcriptomic changes of the gut in dairy calves during pre-weaned period. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2015. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/c47429914t

Cornell University

7. Soberon, Fernando. Early Life Nutrition Of Dairy Calves And Its Implications On Future Milk Production.

Degree: PhD, Animal Science, 2012, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29306

► The pre-weaning management of dairy calves over the last 30 years has focused on mortality, early weaning and rumen development. Recent data has demonstrated the… (more)

▼ The pre-weaning management of dairy calves over the last 30 years has focused on mortality, early weaning and rumen development. Recent data has demonstrated the potential to influence metabolic programming and consequently alter future performance of dairy cattle through nutrition and management during the first few months of life. Two main management practices have been identified as having the greatest impact in future performance: colostrum management and energy intake pre-weaning. Therefore, the first objective was to investigate the relationship between nutrient intake from milk replacer and pre and post-weaning growth rate with lactation performance. The evaluation of over 1,800 first lactations resulted in a strong relationship between average daily gain (ADG) pre-weaning and milk production so that for every additional kg of ADG pre-weaning first lactation milk production is increased by 850 kg. The relationship is equally strong when assessed by energy intake above maintenance from milk replacer during the pre-weaning period. The second objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of preweaning nutrition on mammary gland development. The mammary gland, especially the parenchymal mass were shown to be responsive to nutrient intake such that the parenchymal mass of calves that consumed more nutrients grew 5.6 times faster than that of control calves. This was significant because it demonstrated that allometric growth can be initiated from birth and that the mammary gland is very nutrient responsive, something not readily recognized in dairy cattle. The interaction of colostrum status and pre-weaning nutrient intake was also evaluated and the data suggests that the effects of colostrum management can be amplified or muted depending on nutritional status pre-weaning. Colostrum contains an array of different growth factors that can account for some of the long-term impacts on growth and efficiency; a preliminary study evaluating hormone levels post-colostrum feeding in newborn calves suggest that hormones present in colostrum may be directly absorbed by the calf and could impact metabolic programming through the "Lactocrine hypothesis". Protein synthesis and accretion is proposed as the primary signal that enhances future performance of pre-weaned cattle; however, milk protein sources are expensive and feeding high levels of such proteins may not always be cost effective. Therefore, alternative protein sources were evaluated as a way to reduce the cost of milk replacers. In this study, milk replacers containing whey based protein were the most effective milk replacers, with or without a modified amino acid profile. Advisors/Committee Members: Van Amburgh, Michael E (chair), Long, Qiaoming (committee member), Nydam, Daryl Van (committee member), Boisclair, Yves R (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: calf growth; mammary gland development

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APA (6^th Edition):

Soberon, F. (2012). Early Life Nutrition Of Dairy Calves And Its Implications On Future Milk Production. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29306

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Soberon, Fernando. “Early Life Nutrition Of Dairy Calves And Its Implications On Future Milk Production.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Cornell University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29306.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Soberon, Fernando. “Early Life Nutrition Of Dairy Calves And Its Implications On Future Milk Production.” 2012. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Soberon F. Early Life Nutrition Of Dairy Calves And Its Implications On Future Milk Production. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cornell University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29306.

Council of Science Editors:

Soberon F. Early Life Nutrition Of Dairy Calves And Its Implications On Future Milk Production. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cornell University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29306

Penn State University

8. Gelsinger, Sonia Lynne. Effects of colostrum heat treatment on immune development in the neonatal calf.

Degree: 2016, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13613slg300

► Experiments were conducted to determine whether plasma IgG and absorption efficiency could be increased by heat treatment of colostrum with high or low initial IgG… (more)

▼ Experiments were conducted to determine whether plasma IgG and absorption efficiency could be increased by heat treatment of colostrum with high or low initial IgG content; test the interaction of bacterial content of colostrum and heat treatment on IgG absorption in calves; and characterize absorption of IFNG, TNF, and IL1B as well as growth and immune response in calves that received heat-treated or unheated colostrum. In each experiment colostrum was pooled and divided in half to create heat-treated and unheated treatments. Heat-treated colostrum was heated to 60o C for 30 (experiments 1 and 2) or 60 minutes (experiment 3). Colostrum in the first experiment was pooled according to IgG concentration (low, medium, or high). In experiment 2 half of the unheated and heat-treated colostra were incubated to create high bacteria treatments. Calves in each experiment were randomly assigned to treatments and blood was collected 48 hours after birth to assess IgG absorption. Absorption of IgG was increased (experiment 1) or unchanged (experiments 2 and 3) by heat treatment. Plasma IgG increased with increasing colostrum IgG concentration and decreased with greater bacterial content of colostrum. To assess the effect of colostrum heat treatment on immune response, bull calves in experiment 3 received subcutaneous injections of ovalbumin at 14 and 35 days of age. Blood samples were collected 0, 4, 8, and 12 h after each injection and daily for the subsequent 10 d for cytokine and IgG analysis. Plasma IL1B concentration was reduced and calf growth pattern was altered in calves fed heat-treated colostrum. Heat treatment of colostrum alters concentrations of bioactive factors received from colostrum. Research is needed to characterize ramifications on neonatal immunity and development. Advisors/Committee Members: Arlyn Judson Heinrichs, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Arlyn Judson Heinrichs, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Joy L. Pate, Committee Member, Gabriella A. Varga, Committee Member, Robert J. Van Saun, Outside Member.

Subjects/Keywords: calf; colostrum; heat treatment; immunity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gelsinger, S. L. (2016). Effects of colostrum heat treatment on immune development in the neonatal calf. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13613slg300

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gelsinger, Sonia Lynne. “Effects of colostrum heat treatment on immune development in the neonatal calf.” 2016. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 13, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13613slg300.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gelsinger, Sonia Lynne. “Effects of colostrum heat treatment on immune development in the neonatal calf.” 2016. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Gelsinger SL. Effects of colostrum heat treatment on immune development in the neonatal calf. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13613slg300.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Gelsinger SL. Effects of colostrum heat treatment on immune development in the neonatal calf. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2016. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13613slg300

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Texas A&M University

9. Holloway, Kenton S. The Effects of Metaphylaxis and Milk Replacer Additives on Health and Growth of Neonatal Holstein Bull Calves.

Degree: MS, Dairy Science, 2010, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-702

► A study evaluating effects of metaphylaxis and milk replacer additives on health and growth was conducted with Holstein bull calves (n = 52; mean BW… (more)

▼ A study evaluating effects of metaphylaxis and milk replacer additives on health and growth was conducted with Holstein bull calves (n = 52; mean BW = 42.28 +- 3 kg) < 7 d of age. Calves were randomly assigned to receive tilmicosin phosphate (TIL), ceftiofur crystalline free acid (CEF), or saline (CON). All calves received a commercial milk replacer powder (25% CP, 20% fat), and within metaphylaxis treatment, were randomly assigned to receive milk replacer with: 1) 4 g/d for 7 d and then 2 g/d for the next 14 d of an egg-based additive (PR); 2) 2 g/d of 96% betaine (BE); 3) both PR and BE (BP); or 4) no additives (NA). Calves were housed in individual fiberglass hutches with ad libitum access to a commercial calf starter and water. Body weight was recorded twice weekly and fecal scores (1=firm, 4=watery) were recorded daily for 54 d. Number of treatments per calf for scours, incidence of respiratory symptoms, and febrile events were recorded on a daily basis, and the cumulative incidence of each response was used as an index of morbidity. All data were analyzed as a completely randomized design with a 3 X 4 factorial treatment arrangement. Neither metaphylaxis, additives, nor their interaction affected ADG (P>0.60); overall, calves gained .45 kg/d. Fecal scores were reduced by 39% for CEF compared to CON (P<0.01), but were not affected by additives. Metaphylaxis influenced neither the incidence of fever (P>0.3), or respiratory symptoms (P>0.2), nor were they reduced by additives. Overall, calves were treated an average of only 0.39 times for respiratory symptoms and 0.66 times for fever. Scours were not influenced by metaphylaxis (P>0.6), additives (P>0.5), nor their interaction (P>0.8). Other than fecal score, metaphylaxis did not enhance productivity or reduce morbidity in this study, but disease challenge may have been mild. Feed additives influenced neither measures of health and performance nor did the metaphylaxis and feed additive interaction. Advisors/Committee Members: Tomaszewski, Michael A. (advisor), Holub, Glenn A. (committee member), Sawyer, Jason E. (committee member), Anderson, David P. (committee member), Klinefelter, Danny A. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Calf; Metaphylaxis

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APA (6^th Edition):

Holloway, K. S. (2010). The Effects of Metaphylaxis and Milk Replacer Additives on Health and Growth of Neonatal Holstein Bull Calves. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-702

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Holloway, Kenton S. “The Effects of Metaphylaxis and Milk Replacer Additives on Health and Growth of Neonatal Holstein Bull Calves.” 2010. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-702.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Holloway, Kenton S. “The Effects of Metaphylaxis and Milk Replacer Additives on Health and Growth of Neonatal Holstein Bull Calves.” 2010. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Holloway KS. The Effects of Metaphylaxis and Milk Replacer Additives on Health and Growth of Neonatal Holstein Bull Calves. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2010. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-702.

Council of Science Editors:

Holloway KS. The Effects of Metaphylaxis and Milk Replacer Additives on Health and Growth of Neonatal Holstein Bull Calves. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-702

Purdue University

10. Muegge, Christopher Robert. Effects of Organic and Inorganic Selenium Supplementation during Late Gestation and Early Lactation on Beef Cow-Calf Performance.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2015, Purdue University

URL: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/1068

► Angus x Simmental cows (n = 48, BW = 594 kg, BCS = 5.26, Age = 2.7), pregnant with male fetuses, were used to determine… (more)

▼ Angus x Simmental cows (n = 48, BW = 594 kg, BCS = 5.26, Age = 2.7), pregnant with male fetuses, were used to determine the effect selenium (Se) source during the last 80 d of gestation and first 108 d of lactation on progeny feedlot performance. At 203 d in gestation, cows were blocked by body weight, age, breed composition, and calf sire, and allotted to 1 of 3 treatments: no Se, inorganic Se, or organic Se. Maternal diets were formulated to contain 10.4% CP and 0.90 Mcal/kg NEg during gestation and 12.1% CP and 1.01 Mcal/kg NEg during lactation. Basal diets contained 0.07 and 0.11 mg/kg Se for gestation and lactation diets; respectively. Diets were fed daily as a total mixed ration and Se was provided in a top-dress containing 0, 0.30 mg/kg Se as sodium selenite, or 0.30 mg/kg Se as Sel-Plex®. Treatment diets were fed through 108 d post-partum (DPP). At 68 DPP milk production was calculated using the weigh-suckle-weigh procedure and a milk sample was collected was at 62 DPP to determine composition. At 108 DPP cow-calf pairs were commingled until weaning at 216 DPP. At 28 d post-weaning, steers (n = 47, BW = 301 kg) were placed in individual pens and fed a diet formulated to provide 13.9% CP, 1.24 Mcal/kg NEg, and 0.10 mg/kg Se. The diet was delivered as total mixed ration once daily. . Cow weight and BCS and calf birth weight did not differ at the beginning of the trial (P ≥ 0.55). Cow BW and BCS (P ≥ 0.85) did not differ between treatments at any time point during the study. Milk production, milk fat, and total solids (P ≥ 0.38) did not differ among treatments. Milk protein tended to increase in cows fed inorganic Se compared to cows fed organic Se (P = 0.07) and milk lactose tended to be greatest in cows fed organic Se (P = 0.10). Conception to AI and overall pregnancy rates did not differ between the diets (P ≥ 0.39). Calf weights and ADG did not differ for the 105 d experimental period (P ≥ 0.77) or for the entire pre-weaning period (P ≥ 0.33). Plasma Se concentration did not differ between treatments for the cows (P ≥ 0.37). Liver Se concentration in cows fed inorganic and organic Se treatment were significantly greater than that of cows from the control treatment (P < 0.01). There were no treatment effects on calf plasma Se concentration (P ≥ 0.90). Muscles biopsies taken at 105 DPP also were not different (P = 0.45). Steers from cows supplemented with organic Se diet entered the feedlot heavier (P = 0.02) and tended to be heavier on d 87 (P = 0.08) compared to steers from cows supplemented with inorganic Se. There was no difference in ADG among treatments (P ≥ 0.76), but steers from organic Se cows tended to spend fewer days on feed compared to steers from inorganic Se cows (P = 0.09). Steers from organic Se cows had a greater overall DMI compared to steers from inorganic Se cows (P = 0.04), but there was no difference in overall gain:feed ratio (P = 0.82). Dressing percentage was greater for steers from cows fed no Se compared with steers from cows fed either inorganic or organic Se (P = 0.03). Maternal… Advisors/Committee Members: Jon P. Schoonmaker, Kristen Brennan, Ron P. Lemenager.

Subjects/Keywords: Calf; Cow; Organic; Selenium

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APA (6^th Edition):

Muegge, C. R. (2015). Effects of Organic and Inorganic Selenium Supplementation during Late Gestation and Early Lactation on Beef Cow-Calf Performance. (Thesis). Purdue University. Retrieved from https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/1068

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Muegge, Christopher Robert. “Effects of Organic and Inorganic Selenium Supplementation during Late Gestation and Early Lactation on Beef Cow-Calf Performance.” 2015. Thesis, Purdue University. Accessed April 13, 2021. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/1068.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Muegge, Christopher Robert. “Effects of Organic and Inorganic Selenium Supplementation during Late Gestation and Early Lactation on Beef Cow-Calf Performance.” 2015. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Muegge CR. Effects of Organic and Inorganic Selenium Supplementation during Late Gestation and Early Lactation on Beef Cow-Calf Performance. [Internet] [Thesis]. Purdue University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/1068.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Muegge CR. Effects of Organic and Inorganic Selenium Supplementation during Late Gestation and Early Lactation on Beef Cow-Calf Performance. [Thesis]. Purdue University; 2015. Available from: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/1068

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Nairobi

11. Kariuki, DP. Studies on calf diseases special reference to infection escherichia coli .

Degree: 1975, University of Nairobi

URL: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/25452

Subjects/Keywords: Calf Diseases

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kariuki, D. (1975). Studies on calf diseases special reference to infection escherichia coli . (Thesis). University of Nairobi. Retrieved from http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/25452

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kariuki, DP. “Studies on calf diseases special reference to infection escherichia coli .” 1975. Thesis, University of Nairobi. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/25452.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kariuki, DP. “Studies on calf diseases special reference to infection escherichia coli .” 1975. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kariuki D. Studies on calf diseases special reference to infection escherichia coli . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Nairobi; 1975. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/25452.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kariuki D. Studies on calf diseases special reference to infection escherichia coli . [Thesis]. University of Nairobi; 1975. Available from: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/25452

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Technical University of Lisbon

12. Martinho, Nádia Raquel dos Santos Semedo. Criação de vitelos de leite. Maneio geral de vitelos de leite numa exploração agro-pecuária. Relatório de Estágio.

Degree: 2015, Technical University of Lisbon

URL: https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/10952

►

Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de Agronomia

Raising calves is an extremely important component in the life of a dairy farm because they… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: calf; management; colostrum; immunity; mortality

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APA (6^th Edition):

Martinho, N. R. d. S. S. (2015). Criação de vitelos de leite. Maneio geral de vitelos de leite numa exploração agro-pecuária. Relatório de Estágio. (Thesis). Technical University of Lisbon. Retrieved from https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/10952

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Martinho, Nádia Raquel dos Santos Semedo. “Criação de vitelos de leite. Maneio geral de vitelos de leite numa exploração agro-pecuária. Relatório de Estágio.” 2015. Thesis, Technical University of Lisbon. Accessed April 13, 2021. https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/10952.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Martinho, Nádia Raquel dos Santos Semedo. “Criação de vitelos de leite. Maneio geral de vitelos de leite numa exploração agro-pecuária. Relatório de Estágio.” 2015. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Martinho NRdSS. Criação de vitelos de leite. Maneio geral de vitelos de leite numa exploração agro-pecuária. Relatório de Estágio. [Internet] [Thesis]. Technical University of Lisbon; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/10952.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Martinho NRdSS. Criação de vitelos de leite. Maneio geral de vitelos de leite numa exploração agro-pecuária. Relatório de Estágio. [Thesis]. Technical University of Lisbon; 2015. Available from: https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/10952

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Florida

13. Sims, Lincoln J. The Association between Feeding Behaviors Measured by Automated Milk Feeders and Health in Preweaned Holstein Calves Fed a High Allowance of Milk Replacer.

Degree: MS, Veterinary Medical Sciences - Veterinary Medicine, 2017, University of Florida

URL: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0051602

► Feeding behaviors measured by automated milk feeders have been compared in sick and healthy preweaned dairy calves to assess the potential of using feeder behavior… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: behavior – calf – dairy – health

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sims, L. J. (2017). The Association between Feeding Behaviors Measured by Automated Milk Feeders and Health in Preweaned Holstein Calves Fed a High Allowance of Milk Replacer. (Masters Thesis). University of Florida. Retrieved from https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0051602

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sims, Lincoln J. “The Association between Feeding Behaviors Measured by Automated Milk Feeders and Health in Preweaned Holstein Calves Fed a High Allowance of Milk Replacer.” 2017. Masters Thesis, University of Florida. Accessed April 13, 2021. https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0051602.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sims, Lincoln J. “The Association between Feeding Behaviors Measured by Automated Milk Feeders and Health in Preweaned Holstein Calves Fed a High Allowance of Milk Replacer.” 2017. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Sims LJ. The Association between Feeding Behaviors Measured by Automated Milk Feeders and Health in Preweaned Holstein Calves Fed a High Allowance of Milk Replacer. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Florida; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0051602.

Council of Science Editors:

Sims LJ. The Association between Feeding Behaviors Measured by Automated Milk Feeders and Health in Preweaned Holstein Calves Fed a High Allowance of Milk Replacer. [Masters Thesis]. University of Florida; 2017. Available from: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0051602

Louisiana State University

14. Orellana Rivas, Ruth Marisol. Effects of Calf Starter Composition and Mixing Method on Growth and Rumen Health in Young Dairy Calves.

Degree: MS, Animal Sciences, 2016, Louisiana State University

URL: etd-04062016-145807 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/579

► Twenty-four male Holstein calves (BW = 38.78 ± 7.26 Kg) were used to evaluate the effects of commercially available or farm mixed starter on animal… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: calf starter; performance; rumen development

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APA (6^th Edition):

Orellana Rivas, R. M. (2016). Effects of Calf Starter Composition and Mixing Method on Growth and Rumen Health in Young Dairy Calves. (Masters Thesis). Louisiana State University. Retrieved from etd-04062016-145807 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/579

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Orellana Rivas, Ruth Marisol. “Effects of Calf Starter Composition and Mixing Method on Growth and Rumen Health in Young Dairy Calves.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Louisiana State University. Accessed April 13, 2021. etd-04062016-145807 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/579.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Orellana Rivas, Ruth Marisol. “Effects of Calf Starter Composition and Mixing Method on Growth and Rumen Health in Young Dairy Calves.” 2016. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Orellana Rivas RM. Effects of Calf Starter Composition and Mixing Method on Growth and Rumen Health in Young Dairy Calves. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Louisiana State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: etd-04062016-145807 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/579.

Council of Science Editors:

Orellana Rivas RM. Effects of Calf Starter Composition and Mixing Method on Growth and Rumen Health in Young Dairy Calves. [Masters Thesis]. Louisiana State University; 2016. Available from: etd-04062016-145807 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/579

15. Renaud, David. Why do some calves die and others thrive? An investigation of risk factors impacting male calf health in Ontario.

Degree: PhD, Department of Population Medicine, 2017, University of Guelph

URL: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/11953

► This thesis is an investigation of the care of male calves on Canadian dairy farms, management factors on source dairy farms impacting mortality at veal… (more)

▼ This thesis is an investigation of the care of male calves on Canadian dairy farms, management factors on source dairy farms impacting mortality at veal farms, and clinical and metabolic factors impacting mortality after arrival at a veal facility. Finally, the diagnostic accuracy of bioluminescence in detecting contaminated colostrum feeding equipment was evaluated. A cross-sectional survey was used to evaluate the care of male calves on Canadian dairy farms. Most respondents always fed colostrum and always fed male and female calves the same. However, a minority of respondents always navel-dipped or vaccinated male calves. The care of male calves differed greatly depending on geographical region, herd size and familiarity with the Code of Practice for the Care and Handling of Dairy Cattle. There were several high-risk management practices impacting male calf health on veal farms identified through a cross-sectional study of source dairy farms sending male calves to two veal operations. The feeding method for colostrum, bedding used for male calves, veterinary involvement with calf health management, and the frequency of observation of the calving area were all associated with high mortality source dairy farms. Many calves entered the milk-fed veal facility with a health abnormality and most of the mortality occurred in the first three weeks following arrival. Several risk factors were identified through the use of both a cohort and case-control study design, such as abnormal navel, dehydration, and body weight at arrival were associated with early and late mortality in the growing period. A lower level of immunoglobulin G and cholesterol in the serum was also associated with greater odds of early mortality. Colostrum feeding equipment harbored a significant amount of bacterial contamination. Visual hygiene assessment was a poor indicator of bacterial count. The HygienaTM AquaSnap and MircoSnap luminometry swabs were shown to be reliable predictors of total bacterial and total coliform counts, respectively. Advisors/Committee Members: Duffield, Todd (advisor), Kelton, David (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Health; Welfare; Male calf; Epidemiology

8 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Renaud, D. (2017). Why do some calves die and others thrive? An investigation of risk factors impacting male calf health in Ontario. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Guelph. Retrieved from https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/11953

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Renaud, David. “Why do some calves die and others thrive? An investigation of risk factors impacting male calf health in Ontario.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Guelph. Accessed April 13, 2021. https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/11953.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Renaud, David. “Why do some calves die and others thrive? An investigation of risk factors impacting male calf health in Ontario.” 2017. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Renaud D. Why do some calves die and others thrive? An investigation of risk factors impacting male calf health in Ontario. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Guelph; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/11953.

Council of Science Editors:

Renaud D. Why do some calves die and others thrive? An investigation of risk factors impacting male calf health in Ontario. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Guelph; 2017. Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/11953

Penn State University

16. Mitchell, Lucas. Metabolism of Recently Weaned Dairy Calves Utilizing Various Forage and Fiber Feeding Systems.

Degree: 2020, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17937lfm5169

► Forage provision may be beneficial to growth and intake of pre-weaned calves that are offered concentrates that are highly processed (pelleted or finely ground). However,… (more)

▼ Forage provision may be beneficial to growth and intake of pre-weaned calves that are offered concentrates that are highly processed (pelleted or finely ground). However, forage provision for pre-weaned calves offered minimally processed concentrates may negatively impact growth and intake, which would slow rumen development. As a result, it is the best practice to withhold forage from calves offered minimally processed concentrates until after weaning. This allows calves to have enhanced rumen development which would, in turn, allow them to more fully digest, and make better use of, forage within the ration. However, the rumen of the recently weaned calf is still developing, especially in terms of volume, which makes them susceptible to gut fill limitations on intake. This is important to consider as most research studies evaluating various forage and fiber feeding systems for calves have only tracked them for 2 to 3 wk after weaning. There are few data that have focused exclusively on the ability of recently weaned calves from 7 to 16 wk of age to utilize various forage and fiber feeding systems. The objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the metabolism of recently weaned dairy calves utilizing various forage and fiber feeding systems. In the first study, the objective was to determine the effects of converting calves from a component-fed ration to a total mixed ration (TMR) at 8, 10, or 12 wk of age on intake, growth, and nutrient digestibility. Holstein calves (n = 40) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups (no TMR, TMR conversion at 8, 10 or 12 wk; T0, T8, T10, and T12, respectively). Calves were weaned at 6 wk of age and housed individually. Data were collected from 7 to 14 wk of age. Rations, consisting of a 20% crude protein texturized starter and grass hay, were offered ad libitum as separate components or as a TMR with 85% starter and 15% grass hay on a dry matter (DM) basis. Intake tended to be reduced for calves converted to TMR earlier. However, calves fed TMR consumed more hay and less starter than those that were component fed. The differences in composition of the feed consumed led to calves fed T8 consuming the least amount of metabolizable energy. This further led to calves fed T8 tending to have the least average daily gain (ADG), final body weight (BW), and hip growth and significantly less empty BW gain and final hip width compared to calves fed T0. Feed efficiency was not different between the groups. Digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) was increased for calves offered TMR at 9, 11, and 13 wk of age. Rumen pH was increased when calves were fed a TMR. In the second study, the objective was to determine effects of various forages and live yeast culture on intake, growth, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation of weaned dairy calves. Holstein calves (n = 45) were randomly assigned to 2 × 3 factorial treatments: live yeast culture (Y; Yea-Sacc, Alltech, Inc.) or no yeast (NY); and alfalfa haylage (AH), corn silage (CS), or grass hay… Advisors/Committee Members: Arlyn Judson Heinrichs, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Arlyn Judson Heinrichs, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Tara Louise Felix, Committee Member, Kevin John Harvatine, Committee Member, Marvin H Hall, Outside Member, Terry D Etherton, Program Head/Chair.

Subjects/Keywords: Weaned calf; forage; digestibility; growth

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mitchell, L. (2020). Metabolism of Recently Weaned Dairy Calves Utilizing Various Forage and Fiber Feeding Systems. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17937lfm5169

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mitchell, Lucas. “Metabolism of Recently Weaned Dairy Calves Utilizing Various Forage and Fiber Feeding Systems.” 2020. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 13, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17937lfm5169.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mitchell, Lucas. “Metabolism of Recently Weaned Dairy Calves Utilizing Various Forage and Fiber Feeding Systems.” 2020. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Mitchell L. Metabolism of Recently Weaned Dairy Calves Utilizing Various Forage and Fiber Feeding Systems. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17937lfm5169.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Mitchell L. Metabolism of Recently Weaned Dairy Calves Utilizing Various Forage and Fiber Feeding Systems. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2020. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17937lfm5169

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Massey University

17. Hansen, Chelsie. The effect of solid feed diet on the oral and cross-sucking behaviour of pre-weaned dairy calves.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2013, Massey University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/5513

► In the dairy industry calves are most frequently artificially reared in groups, which create a greater opportunity for solid feed consumption and non-nutritive oral behaviour.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Dairy calves; Calves; Calf behaviour; Calf feed; Calf feed intake; Calf growth; Calf sucking behaviour; Research Subject Categories::FORESTRY, AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES and LANDSCAPE PLANNING::Animal production

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hansen, C. (2013). The effect of solid feed diet on the oral and cross-sucking behaviour of pre-weaned dairy calves. (Masters Thesis). Massey University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10179/5513

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hansen, Chelsie. “The effect of solid feed diet on the oral and cross-sucking behaviour of pre-weaned dairy calves.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Massey University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/5513.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hansen, Chelsie. “The effect of solid feed diet on the oral and cross-sucking behaviour of pre-weaned dairy calves.” 2013. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Hansen C. The effect of solid feed diet on the oral and cross-sucking behaviour of pre-weaned dairy calves. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Massey University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/5513.

Council of Science Editors:

Hansen C. The effect of solid feed diet on the oral and cross-sucking behaviour of pre-weaned dairy calves. [Masters Thesis]. Massey University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/5513

Universiteit Utrecht

18. Brand, N.L. Is social status passed on from cow to calf?.

Degree: 2013, Universiteit Utrecht

URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/277389

► Within a herd of cows a complex social structure exists. Ranking orders between cows are not simply linear and difficult to see. Knowledge on social… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Diergeneeskunde; Cow, Calf, Dominance, Social, Status

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APA (6^th Edition):

Brand, N. L. (2013). Is social status passed on from cow to calf?. (Masters Thesis). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/277389

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brand, N L. “Is social status passed on from cow to calf?.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/277389.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brand, N L. “Is social status passed on from cow to calf?.” 2013. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Brand NL. Is social status passed on from cow to calf?. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/277389.

Council of Science Editors:

Brand NL. Is social status passed on from cow to calf?. [Masters Thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2013. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/277389

University of Saskatchewan

19. Manglai, x. Examining Record Keeping and Benchmarking Effects on the Production and Performance of Cow-calf Farms in Canada.

Degree: 2016, University of Saskatchewan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7283

► Farmers and ranchers seek to adopt appropriate management practices tools and utilize a variety of strategies to reduce costs, increase productivity, and improve overall performance.… (more)

▼ Farmers and ranchers seek to adopt appropriate management practices tools and utilize a variety of strategies to reduce costs, increase productivity, and improve overall performance. This thesis was conducted to examine how appropriate management tools, specifically record keeping and benchmarking, affect production and performance on cow-calf farms in the Canadian Prairies and how market orientation and organizational learning mediate this relationship. Concurrently, this thesis looks at opportunity discovery within cow-calf operations, and what producers are doing to become more profitable. A theoretical framework was developed around managerial factors (market orientation and learning orientation), strategic factors (efficiency and product differentiation), and management tools (record keeping and benchmarking). Several hypotheses were built to examine the impact of these factors on beef production in the Canadian cow-calf industry. This thesis sheds more light on why record keeping and benchmarking are important for producers, what kind of factors influence cow-calf producers to use these management tools, and how managerial, structural factors, and management tools affect beef production efficiency and overall performance. Data was collected from mail and internet surveys of 110 cow-calf producers in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. Estimations are carried out using Binary Logit and Ordinary Least Squares models. Specifically, a Binary Logit model was used to examine the factors affecting the use of record keeping and benchmarking, and an Ordinary Least Squares model was applied to examine how managerial and structural factors, in addition to market orientation and learning orientation, affect production efficiency. The results suggest that almost all cow-calf producers have some level of record keeping but a significant number of them did not use benchmarking (comparisons with others). In addition, learning oriented producers were most likely to use both record keeping and benchmarking. Furthermore, benchmarking was also found to lead to greater beef production efficiency.

Subjects/Keywords: Cow-calf industry; Record keeping; Benchmarking

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APA (6^th Edition):

Manglai, x. (2016). Examining Record Keeping and Benchmarking Effects on the Production and Performance of Cow-calf Farms in Canada. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7283

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Manglai, x. “Examining Record Keeping and Benchmarking Effects on the Production and Performance of Cow-calf Farms in Canada.” 2016. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7283.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Manglai, x. “Examining Record Keeping and Benchmarking Effects on the Production and Performance of Cow-calf Farms in Canada.” 2016. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Manglai x. Examining Record Keeping and Benchmarking Effects on the Production and Performance of Cow-calf Farms in Canada. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7283.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Manglai x. Examining Record Keeping and Benchmarking Effects on the Production and Performance of Cow-calf Farms in Canada. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7283

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Texas A&M University

20. Baber, Jessica Rae. Evaluating Feasibility of Alternative Feeding Methods for Limit-fed Cow-Calf Systems.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2016, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158606

► To evaluate the performance and economic sustainability of alternative intensified cow-calf production systems, two trials were conducted and a simulation model was built. In experiment… (more)

▼ To evaluate the performance and economic sustainability of alternative intensified cow-calf production systems, two trials were conducted and a simulation model was built. In experiment 1, a limit-fed total mixed ration (80% of NRC predicted NEm requirements, 52.88 mg/kg EBW⁰.75) was separated into a roughage and concentrate component where concentrate was fed at -2, 0, 2 or 12 h after forage delivery to determine effects on nutrient utilization and solid passage rate. Experiment 2 was conducted to compare BW and BCS changes over 112 d of limit-fed production systems, fed either as a total mixed ration (TMR) or as roughage and concentrate components fed separately (SEP), to a conventional hay (HAY) fed system. A simulation model based on a cow-calf enterprise budget was constructed to determine economic viability of the three production systems. Four levels of intake (70, 85, 100, and 115% of NRC predicted NEm requirements) were compared for the two limit-fed systems, TMR and SEP. Stochastic variables in the model included weaning weights, prices of weaned steers and heifers, and feed ingredient prices. Time of concentrate delivery relative to roughage did not affect DM or OM digestion (P ≥ 0.88). Nadir of pH was consistently observed 4 to 8 h after concentrate was delivered, but mean ruminal pH was similar among treatments (P = 0.22) ranging from 6.44 to 6.55 for 2S and 12S, respectively. Treatment did not affect final BW (1143 lb; P = 0.72) or BCS (5.6; P = 0.67), but tended to affect final RE (P = 0.06) with RE of 137.1, 98.9 and -14.6 Mcal for TMR, SEP, and HAY, respectively. Probability of negative net returns was 0.35 for HAY, which was slightly less than the probability observed in the TMR at 115% (0.37). All other probabilities for negative returns ranged from 0.13 (SEP 70%) to 0.30 (TMR 115%). Limit-feeding of TMR or separate delivery of forage and concentrate rations sustained cow performance compared to ad libitum hay consumption. Economic analysis suggests limit-feeding cattle is preferred to hay feeding, and that separate delivery of forage and concentrate would be most profitable and least risky. Advisors/Committee Members: Wickersham, Tryon A (advisor), Sawyer, Jason E (advisor), Anderson, David P (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: limit-feeding; cow-calf; digestion; economics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Baber, J. R. (2016). Evaluating Feasibility of Alternative Feeding Methods for Limit-fed Cow-Calf Systems. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158606

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Baber, Jessica Rae. “Evaluating Feasibility of Alternative Feeding Methods for Limit-fed Cow-Calf Systems.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158606.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Baber, Jessica Rae. “Evaluating Feasibility of Alternative Feeding Methods for Limit-fed Cow-Calf Systems.” 2016. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Baber JR. Evaluating Feasibility of Alternative Feeding Methods for Limit-fed Cow-Calf Systems. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158606.

Council of Science Editors:

Baber JR. Evaluating Feasibility of Alternative Feeding Methods for Limit-fed Cow-Calf Systems. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158606

Texas A&M University

21. Lucas, Jessica Jane. The Adoption of Ultrasound Technology for Pregnancy Determination by New Mexico Cow-Calf Producers.

Degree: MS, Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communications, 2015, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/154990

► The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the diffusion process and the rate of adoption of bovine ultrasound pregnancy determination by New… (more)

▼ The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the diffusion process and the rate of adoption of bovine ultrasound pregnancy determination by New Mexico cattle producers. The researcher from Texas A&M University and Caren Cowan from the New Mexico Cattle Producers Association collaborated on this work. Conclusions were drawn to provide suggestions on increasing the diffusion of ultrasound technology in New Mexico. Data were collected from a sample of 99 producers in the state. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages of nominal data and means and standard deviations of intervally-scaled variables were employed to describe the sample of producers and their levels of familiarity and use of ultrasound technology. The following were among the findings. Of the producers surveyed, most are using rectal palpation as their primary means of pregnancy determination. A small percentage of producers have adopted ultrasound and are using ultrasound alone, while another small percentage are using ultrasound in combination with other technologies to determine pregnancy in their herd. The diffusion process for ultrasound has begun and for some, it has been adopted. A plurality of producers are aware of the technology and know that it exists, with only a small percentage stating that they did not have any knowledge of the technology’s existence. Most producers were not aware of other producers who use ultrasound but would consider using ultrasound themselves. Producers learned about ultrasound from a veterinarian or their friends with only a very small percentage learning about the technology from an extension agent/extension specialist. Producers stated that they are not in contact with an extension agent/extension specialist about their cattle operation. The producers identified that their primary barrier to the adoption of ultrasound is the cost of the veterinarian/technician to perform the procedure. Recommendations were made based on these findings for use by the New Mexico Cooperative Extension Service and the New Mexico Cattle Growers Association seeking to effect change by the diffusion of new innovations. Advisors/Committee Members: Briers, Gary (advisor), Strong, Robert (committee member), Shaw, Robert (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: ultrasound; beef cow-calf; adoption; pregnancy determination

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lucas, J. J. (2015). The Adoption of Ultrasound Technology for Pregnancy Determination by New Mexico Cow-Calf Producers. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/154990

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lucas, Jessica Jane. “The Adoption of Ultrasound Technology for Pregnancy Determination by New Mexico Cow-Calf Producers.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/154990.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lucas, Jessica Jane. “The Adoption of Ultrasound Technology for Pregnancy Determination by New Mexico Cow-Calf Producers.” 2015. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Lucas JJ. The Adoption of Ultrasound Technology for Pregnancy Determination by New Mexico Cow-Calf Producers. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/154990.

Council of Science Editors:

Lucas JJ. The Adoption of Ultrasound Technology for Pregnancy Determination by New Mexico Cow-Calf Producers. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/154990

Penn State University

22. Lopez Cabus, Alberto. A comparison of IgG absorption and concentration levels in calves fed a commercial colostrum replacer or supplemented maternal colostrum.

Degree: 2019, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17235ajl94

► Experiments were conducted to determine if calves fed an available commercial colostrum replacer could provide similar IgG concentrations absorptions values, growth parameters and health scores… (more)

▼ Experiments were conducted to determine if calves fed an available commercial colostrum replacer could provide similar IgG concentrations absorptions values, growth parameters and health scores compared to maternal colostrum. Successful passive transfer of antibodies in neonatal calves can be achieved by feeding maternal colostrum (MC) or colostrum replacer (CR). An alternative strategy could be a supplemented low-quality maternal colostrum (CS). The objective of this study was to determine if a commercial colostrum product (Premolac PLUS Bovine IgG, Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN) fed to replace or supplement MC could lead to adequate IgG levels and apparent efficiency of absorption (AEA) 24 h after birth in neonatal dairy calves. Furthermore, growth parameters and health score data was also evaluated. Holstein calves (n=20/treatment) were separated from their dam after birth and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 levels of CR (110 g or 150 g of IgG fed), low-quality colostrum (30 g IgG/L) supplemented with CR (154 g IgG total fed; 41 g/L IgG fed) or MC (106 g IgG/L; 401 g IgG fed; positive control) within 1.5 h of birth. Colostrum was obtained from first (MC) or second and third milking (CS) of cows from The Pennsylvania State University dairy. Then, it was pooled in two batches and analyzed for total IgG concentration using radial immunodiffusion. Blood samples were taken from calves before feeding one of the four colostrum treatments and 24 h after birth. Samples were analyzed for serum total protein, total IgG, hematocrit, and Brix. The same procedure was followed to take weekly blood samples until week 7 in order to analyze the IgG behavior. A total of 80 calves were used for BW and structural growth evaluation. Calves were housed in 1.2 × 1.4 m individual pens from birth until wk 7 of age. Weekly measurements were taken including body weight, withers height and hip width. Also, health scores were observed and recorded every day for the length of the trial. All calves were fed 6 L of pasteurized whole milk in 2 feedings (AM-PM). Pasteurization was done using a batch pasteurizer (PLV model, 2c Duecinox, Guastalla, Italy) which heated the milk at 65ºC (149ºF) for 30 min. Calves were weaned at the age of 7 weeks. Reported means are followed by their standard errors. MC had higher 24 h IgG values than CS (27.04 ± 1.07 and 22.33 ± 1.08 mg/mL, respectively; P<0.01). Feeding 150 g of IgG in CR led to higher 24 h serum IgG values than feeding 110 g of IgG (16.90 ± 1.09 and 12.79 ± 1.08 mg/mL, respectively; P<0.01). Serum IgG levels at 24 h were statistically different between CR-110 and CR-150 against CS and MC (12.79, 16.90, 22.33, and 27.04 mg/mL, respectively; P<0.01), but all had average values above 10 mg/mL IgG. Calves fed CS had greater AEA than calves fed MC (54.58 ± 2.39 and 24.38 ± 2.36%, respectively; P<0.01). Among calves fed CR with 110 g or 150 g of IgG, AEA wasn’t different (P=0.68). Total protein and Brix had a strong correlation (r=0.98, P=<0.01). Weekly IgG concentration values demonstrated a similar… Advisors/Committee Members: Arlyn Judson Heinrichs, Thesis Advisor/Co-Advisor, Lisa Holden, Committee Member, Chad Daniel Dechow, Committee Member, Terry D Etherton, Program Head/Chair.

Subjects/Keywords: Calf; Immunoglobulin G; Colostrum; Colostrum replacer

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lopez Cabus, A. (2019). A comparison of IgG absorption and concentration levels in calves fed a commercial colostrum replacer or supplemented maternal colostrum. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17235ajl94

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lopez Cabus, Alberto. “A comparison of IgG absorption and concentration levels in calves fed a commercial colostrum replacer or supplemented maternal colostrum.” 2019. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 13, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17235ajl94.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lopez Cabus, Alberto. “A comparison of IgG absorption and concentration levels in calves fed a commercial colostrum replacer or supplemented maternal colostrum.” 2019. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Lopez Cabus A. A comparison of IgG absorption and concentration levels in calves fed a commercial colostrum replacer or supplemented maternal colostrum. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17235ajl94.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lopez Cabus A. A comparison of IgG absorption and concentration levels in calves fed a commercial colostrum replacer or supplemented maternal colostrum. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2019. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17235ajl94

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

23. Chishti, Ghazanfar Ali. Physiological responses of growing ruminants to concentrate-based diets.

Degree: 2020, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17672guc55

► In the current ruminant production system, diets with increased proportions of concentrates are being fed to meet the energy demand of milk and meat production.… (more)

▼ In the current ruminant production system, diets with increased proportions of concentrates are being fed to meet the energy demand of milk and meat production. However, the association between feeding concentrate and the development of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is well established in adult ruminants. Although growing ruminant animals are routinely fed concentrate-based diets to promote growth, there is little information available about the effects of concentrate-based diets on health and inflammation status of growing ruminants. The objective of this thesis was to study the physiological responses of growing ruminants to concentrate-based diets. In the first study, the objective was to determine the effect of physical form of oats in calf starter on the expression of key hepatic gluconeogenic, beta-oxidation, and acute phase protein genes in pre-weaned dairy calves. It has been well established that feeding a starch-rich concentrate to the neonatal ruminant at the earliest age helps the rumen to grow optimally. There is very little information available about the effects of a solid diet on hepatic metabolism in pre-weaned dairy calves. In this study, we found that in the pre-weaning phase rate-limiting hepatic gluconeogenic and beta-oxidation enzyme expression was not affected by the form of oats in calf starter. However, these enzymes seemed to be modulated by the rumen environment, pH and volatile fatty acids. Decreased rumen pH may result in increased gluconeogenic and beta-oxidation enzyme expression. This could be an adaptative response of calf liver toward countering negative effects of low ruminal pH at the times when this may be beneficial for rumen development. In the second study, total tract digestibility of 80% forage and 80% concentrate-based diets were compared between wethers and steers on a total mixed ration feeding system. Historically, sheep have been used as a model for cattle. In current feedlot system, both steers and wethers are commonly fed diets greater than 80% concentrate in the finishing phase. It is important to know if present-day wethers can be a model for steers or not. The results from this study suggested that the present-day wethers were not a good model for steers when fed 80% forage-based diets, but wethers were an acceptable model for steers when fed 80% concentrate-based diets. In the third study, wethers were abruptly challenged with an 80% concentrate-based diet to examine the effects on rumen histology, plasma metabolites, and mRNA expression of key hepatic enzymes and proteins. In modern ruminant production systems, wethers and steers are commonly transitioned to diets containing 80% grain or more, during the finishing phase. In situations where these animals are not appropriately transitioned to concentrate-based diets, ruminal acidosis can occur. The data from this study suggests that the wethers abruptly switched from a diet of 80% forage to 80% concentrate may adapt to the 80% concentrate-based diet over time by altering the expression of key enzymes… Advisors/Committee Members: Arlyn Judson Heinrichs, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Arlyn Judson Heinrichs, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Tara Louise Felix, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Kevin John Harvatine, Committee Member, Robert John Vansaun, Outside Member, Terry D Etherton, Program Head/Chair.

Subjects/Keywords: acidosis; butyrate; calf; concentrate; inflammation; lamb

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chishti, G. A. (2020). Physiological responses of growing ruminants to concentrate-based diets. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17672guc55

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chishti, Ghazanfar Ali. “Physiological responses of growing ruminants to concentrate-based diets.” 2020. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 13, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17672guc55.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chishti, Ghazanfar Ali. “Physiological responses of growing ruminants to concentrate-based diets.” 2020. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Chishti GA. Physiological responses of growing ruminants to concentrate-based diets. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17672guc55.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chishti GA. Physiological responses of growing ruminants to concentrate-based diets. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2020. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17672guc55

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Texas A&M University

24. Gonzalez Ferreira, Marcelo A. ASSOCIATION AMONG FLUID, GRAIN INTAKE AND WEIGHT GAIN IN HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2010, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-313

► This study was conducted to determine water intake. Forty-four Holstein bull calves were evaluated to investigate the effects of starter intake, body weight, temperature and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: calf; water intake

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gonzalez Ferreira, M. A. (2010). ASSOCIATION AMONG FLUID, GRAIN INTAKE AND WEIGHT GAIN IN HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-313

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gonzalez Ferreira, Marcelo A. “ASSOCIATION AMONG FLUID, GRAIN INTAKE AND WEIGHT GAIN IN HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES.” 2010. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-313.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gonzalez Ferreira, Marcelo A. “ASSOCIATION AMONG FLUID, GRAIN INTAKE AND WEIGHT GAIN IN HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES.” 2010. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Gonzalez Ferreira MA. ASSOCIATION AMONG FLUID, GRAIN INTAKE AND WEIGHT GAIN IN HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2010. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-313.

Council of Science Editors:

Gonzalez Ferreira MA. ASSOCIATION AMONG FLUID, GRAIN INTAKE AND WEIGHT GAIN IN HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-313

McMaster University

25. Cabrera, Pablo. CALF INTESTINAL ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE APTAMER BASED BIOSENSORS.

Degree: MASc, 2014, McMaster University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/16431

►

In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for newer, more accurate, technologies that can detect and identify biomolecules or biological entities related to… (more)

▼

In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for newer, more accurate, technologies that can detect and identify biomolecules or biological entities related to health, agriculture or the environment. With the discovery of new properties of nucleic acids beyond the storage and transfer of genetic information, a new class of nucleic acid-based biosensors is emerging, using DNA and RNA as target recognition elements with the advantage of being simpler and more cost-effective compared to antibodies-based biosensor. Two sequences, TrG14MC and TrG10SC, with evidence to suggest that they are capable of inhibit the metalloenzyme CIP, were isolated from a selection conducted by Dr. Razvan Nutiu. Here we study the inhibitory properties of these two aptamer candidates and measure the IC50 value, determined as 94 nM for TrG14MC and 83 nM for TrG10SC. Different bivalent constructs, designed to increase the inhibitory effect of the isolated sequences, are studied showing a pronounce influence of the linker length improving the inhibitory effect over CIP. Modulating the interaction of the isolated sequences and the CIP is of key importance in order to develop a successful biosensor. Therefore, we try to recover CIP from the inhibition effect by using antisense sequences complementary to different segments of the construct. The maximum recovery, 75%, was achieved by an antisense sequence fully complemented to the inhibitory bivalent construct. We also study here the use of a linker in the bivalent construct that forms a secondary hairpin structure, and the effect of linearizing that structure with an antisense sequence complementary to the linker. This resulted in as 12% of the inhibitory effect. The purpose of this investigation was to establish the first steps toward the development of a new class of biosensors capable of disinhibiting CIP upon the recognition of a specific target, taking advantage of the suggested CIP-inhibitory properties of the isolated sequences TrG14MC and TrG10SC.

Thesis

Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Advisors/Committee Members: Filipe, Carlos, Chemical Engineering.

Subjects/Keywords: aptamer; selex; Calf intestinal phosphatase; biosensor

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cabrera, P. (2014). CALF INTESTINAL ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE APTAMER BASED BIOSENSORS. (Masters Thesis). McMaster University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11375/16431

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cabrera, Pablo. “CALF INTESTINAL ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE APTAMER BASED BIOSENSORS.” 2014. Masters Thesis, McMaster University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11375/16431.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cabrera, Pablo. “CALF INTESTINAL ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE APTAMER BASED BIOSENSORS.” 2014. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Cabrera P. CALF INTESTINAL ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE APTAMER BASED BIOSENSORS. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. McMaster University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/16431.

Council of Science Editors:

Cabrera P. CALF INTESTINAL ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE APTAMER BASED BIOSENSORS. [Masters Thesis]. McMaster University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/16431

University of Saskatchewan

26. Wills, Felicity Kaye 1988-. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PREVALENCE AND FECAL EGG COUNT INTENSITY OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN WESTERN CANADIAN COW-CALF HERDS.

Degree: 2017, University of Saskatchewan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/8302

► Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) have a negative impact on animal health and production in grazed beef cattle. The impact that GIN have on cattle is dependent… (more)

▼ Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) have a negative impact on animal health and production in grazed beef cattle. The impact that GIN have on cattle is dependent on the interaction of many factors including the biology between the host (cattle) and the parasite, climate, cattle management/husbandry, pasture/stock management and varies between geographical locations, herd to herd and animal to animal. There is a scarcity of current information regarding GIN epidemiology and management specific to western Canadian beef cow-calf herds, an important sector of the agrarian economy. Therefore, the overarching objective of this thesis was to provide current information about the epidemiology and management of GIN in beef cow-calf herds of western Canada. This objective was examined in three parts: i) determining the prevalence and FEC intensity of gastrointestinal nematode burdens in different production types (cows, calves and replacement heifers), ii) characterizing the herd-level gastrointestinal nematode burden of heifers quantitatively and qualitatively by conducting fecal egg counts and determination of nematode larval species identity and iii) characterizing the current management strategies employed by producers in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes by producers of the western Canadian beef cow-calf industry. In study 1, fecal egg counts (FEC) provided by Merck Animal Health Canada from cows (n=1,780), calves (n=980) and replacement heifers (n=960) from 201 herds over 2012, 2013 and 2014 were analyze using generalized estimating equations (GEE) (STATA14) for the prevalence and mean eggs per gram (EPG) for Trichostrongylid-type eggs, Nematodirus spp. and Trichuris spp. The prevalence of Trichostrongylid-type eggs was uniformly high across all production types (78; 95% CI 75-82), while the mean EPG was consistently low (4.9; 95% CI 3.9-5.9). Nematodirus spp. egg positive samples came most frequently from calves, with an appreciably high predicted prevalence of 36% (95% CI 30-42). Trichuris spp. eggs were a very infrequent finding at an overall prevalence of 0.2% (7/3891; 95% CI 0.08 – 0.4). Study two used the same methodology as study 1. However, samples utilized were form 1,655 heifers (n=85 herds) enrolled in a pilot disease surveillance network (Western Canadian Cow-Calf Surveillance Network (WCCCSN)). The prevalence (95% CI) of Trichostrongylid-type egg positive samples was high at 92% (95% CI 89-95). The prevalence of Nematodirus spp. (2%; 95% CI 1-3) and Trichuris spp. (1%; 95% CI 1-2) was very low. The level of FEC intensity was consistently low, with a mean EPG (95% CI) of Trichostrongylid-type eggs was 5.0 (95& CI 4.4– 5.9). Herds with >300 cow-calf pairs had a significantly (p<0.01) lower mean predicted Trichostrongylid-type EPG at 5.0 EPG (95% CI 3.6-6.5) compared to herds with ≤300 cow-calf pairs (5.3 EPG; 95% CI 4.4-6.2). For Study 3 in May 2016, 105 questionnaires were administered to producers enrolled in the WCCCSN pilot disease surveillance network described in study 2, to describe the current… Advisors/Committee Members: Uehlinger , Fabienne, Campbell, John, Waldner , Cheryl, Colwell, Douglas.

Subjects/Keywords: Beef cow-calf Western Canada Gastrointestinal nematodes

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wills, F. K. 1. (2017). CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PREVALENCE AND FECAL EGG COUNT INTENSITY OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN WESTERN CANADIAN COW-CALF HERDS. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/8302

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wills, Felicity Kaye 1988-. “CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PREVALENCE AND FECAL EGG COUNT INTENSITY OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN WESTERN CANADIAN COW-CALF HERDS.” 2017. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/8302.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wills, Felicity Kaye 1988-. “CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PREVALENCE AND FECAL EGG COUNT INTENSITY OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN WESTERN CANADIAN COW-CALF HERDS.” 2017. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Wills FK1. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PREVALENCE AND FECAL EGG COUNT INTENSITY OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN WESTERN CANADIAN COW-CALF HERDS. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/8302.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wills FK1. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PREVALENCE AND FECAL EGG COUNT INTENSITY OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN WESTERN CANADIAN COW-CALF HERDS. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/8302

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Addis Ababa University

27. Yimer, Miktar. MAJOR ENTEROPATHOGENES ASSOCIATED IN CALF DIARRHEA, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON E. COLI AND SALMONELLA SPECIES IN DAIRY FARMS OF MUKE TURI, DEBRE STIGE AND FITCHE TOWNS NORTH SHEWA, ETHIOPIA .

Degree: 2014, Addis Ababa University

URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5548

► Cross sectional purposive type of study on entereopathognes associated in calf diarrhea in dairy farms of, Muke turi, Debre tisege and Fitche towns, North Shewa… (more)

▼ Cross sectional purposive type of study on entereopathognes associated in calf diarrhea in dairy farms of, Muke turi, Debre tisege and Fitche towns, North Shewa Zone, was conducted from November 2013 to April 2014 with the objective of identification of enteropathogens associated with calf diarrhea, investigating of potential risk factors related to the occurrence of enteropathognes causing calf diarrhea, determination of E. coli biotype and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates. Non-probability purposive sampling was used for the selection of farms and calf samples and 105 diarrheic calf samples were used in this study. Standard isolation techniques were used to identify the enteropathognes from diarrheic cases. The overall occurrence of E. coli, salmonella, cryptosporidium, eimeria and giardia found in this study were 69.5%, 25.7%, 27.6, 38.1% and 22.9% respectively. Single and mixed infection was common in this study. Among the potential risk factors age and age at first colotrum feeding were the factors that were found significantly associated with risk of occurrence of E. coli causing diarrhea (P= 0.01) using Chi square test and younger calves were more susceptible than older caves by odds of 14.74 times. Other risk factors (sex, breed) were not significantly associated with the occurrence of enteropathogns. Thirteen different biotypes of E. coli were found on the fermentation of nine sugars biotype XIII and XII were the dominant biotype found in calf diarrhea. Ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and gentamycin were found to be susceptible for the bacterial isolates whereas erythromycin and tetracycline were developed resistance and most of the bacterial isolates showed multidrug resistance pattern. The occurrence rate of E. coli, salmonella, cryptosporidium and giardia causing diarrhea were serious problem in dairy caves. Great care should be given to the age of calves and time of first colostrum ingestion. Further epidemiological and microbiological studies on enteropathogns causing calf diarrhea to identify the serotype, virulent gene of the bacteria strongly recommended, in addition, the higher rate of antimicrobial resistance indicates the strategic use of the drugs in the future Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Gezahegn Mamo (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Calf diarrhea; E. coli Eimeria; Cryptospordium; Giardia

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APA (6^th Edition):

Yimer, M. (2014). MAJOR ENTEROPATHOGENES ASSOCIATED IN CALF DIARRHEA, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON E. COLI AND SALMONELLA SPECIES IN DAIRY FARMS OF MUKE TURI, DEBRE STIGE AND FITCHE TOWNS NORTH SHEWA, ETHIOPIA . (Thesis). Addis Ababa University. Retrieved from http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5548

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Yimer, Miktar. “MAJOR ENTEROPATHOGENES ASSOCIATED IN CALF DIARRHEA, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON E. COLI AND SALMONELLA SPECIES IN DAIRY FARMS OF MUKE TURI, DEBRE STIGE AND FITCHE TOWNS NORTH SHEWA, ETHIOPIA .” 2014. Thesis, Addis Ababa University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5548.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Yimer, Miktar. “MAJOR ENTEROPATHOGENES ASSOCIATED IN CALF DIARRHEA, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON E. COLI AND SALMONELLA SPECIES IN DAIRY FARMS OF MUKE TURI, DEBRE STIGE AND FITCHE TOWNS NORTH SHEWA, ETHIOPIA .” 2014. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Yimer M. MAJOR ENTEROPATHOGENES ASSOCIATED IN CALF DIARRHEA, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON E. COLI AND SALMONELLA SPECIES IN DAIRY FARMS OF MUKE TURI, DEBRE STIGE AND FITCHE TOWNS NORTH SHEWA, ETHIOPIA . [Internet] [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5548.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Yimer M. MAJOR ENTEROPATHOGENES ASSOCIATED IN CALF DIARRHEA, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON E. COLI AND SALMONELLA SPECIES IN DAIRY FARMS OF MUKE TURI, DEBRE STIGE AND FITCHE TOWNS NORTH SHEWA, ETHIOPIA . [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2014. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5548

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Guelph

28. Wormsbecher, Lisa. An outdoor method of housing dairy calves in pairs using individual calf hutches.

Degree: MS, Department of Animal Biosciences, 2016, University of Guelph

URL: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/9680

► The objective of this thesis was to determine whether pair housing dairy calves in hutches outdoors would result in similar weight gain and milk intake… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: calf; dairy; housing; social; pair housing; welfare

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wormsbecher, L. (2016). An outdoor method of housing dairy calves in pairs using individual calf hutches. (Masters Thesis). University of Guelph. Retrieved from https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/9680

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wormsbecher, Lisa. “An outdoor method of housing dairy calves in pairs using individual calf hutches.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of Guelph. Accessed April 13, 2021. https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/9680.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wormsbecher, Lisa. “An outdoor method of housing dairy calves in pairs using individual calf hutches.” 2016. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Wormsbecher L. An outdoor method of housing dairy calves in pairs using individual calf hutches. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Guelph; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/9680.

Council of Science Editors:

Wormsbecher L. An outdoor method of housing dairy calves in pairs using individual calf hutches. [Masters Thesis]. University of Guelph; 2016. Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/9680

Virginia Tech

29. Ceh, Carrie Ann. Environmental, Biochemical, and Dietary Factors that Influence Rumen Development in Dairy Calves.

Degree: MSin Life Sciences, Dairy Science, 2019, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91447

► Dairy calves are born with an under-developed stomach. The stomach has four compartments: the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. The rumen is the largest component… (more)

▼ Dairy calves are born with an under-developed stomach. The stomach has four compartments: the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. The rumen is the largest component where finger-like projections called papillae grow to absorb nutrients for the calf. It is vital to the calf that the rumen develops not only the papillae to absorb nutrients but also to foster a microbe-rich environment so the microbes can act as a defense mechanism for the calf to aid in fighting disease. While it is known that things like solid feed support the development of the rumen, the mechanism behind how that is happening still remains unclear in the literature. The objective of this study was first to better understand the relationships that exist in the literature between dietary, environmental, and ruminal factors, and second to investigate the claim that certain components of the bacteria in the rumen are stimulating rumen development independently and additively with sodium butyrate. In order to investigate the relationships amongst the dietary, environmental, and ruminal parameters, a computer program called R Studio was used to analyze over 30 different models that extracted data from a database that included a collection of 36 studies from the literature. This is also known as a meta-analysis. The associations of interest that we found were: average daily gain (ADG) of the calf was associated with daily forage intake, calves that were weaned, total starter intake, and total MR intake. Feed efficiency of the calf was associated with the weight of the ruminal contents, daily forage, milk replacer (MR), and starter intakes, percent of the diet composed of starter, and total starter intake. Daily forage intake was associated with the percent of the diet that was starter or MR. Daily starter intake was associated with acid detergent fiber in the starter, a pelleted starter (versus a texturized starter), diets including starter and forage (versus a MR only diet), and the percent of the diet that was MR. Daily MR intake was associated with the percentage of the diet that was starter, final body weight (BW), ruminal propionate concentration, and daily starter intake. These relationships emphasized that although dietary and environmental factors are more closely associated with calf performance, ruminal factors such as rumen contents and volatile fatty acid concentrations appear to have additional, additive influences on calf performance. The second part of the study objective was to explore an idea that, to our knowledge, has not been published in the literature. In the second study, 24 dairy calves were challenged with oral doses of a gram-negative bacteria lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and a short-chain fatty acid sodium butyrate. The hypothesis in this study was that the LPS and sodium butyrate would trigger metabolic pathways on the rumen cell membranes to a greater extent together, versus independently, to increase the amount of cells growing. Calves were assigned to one of four treatments: control (CON), butyrate (BUTY), LPS only (LPS-O),… Advisors/Committee Members: Daniels, Kristy M. (committeechair), White, Robin (committee member), Hanigan, Mark Daniel (committee member), Jiang, Honglin (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: calf; dairy; lipopolysaccharide; meta-analysis; rumen development

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ceh, C. A. (2019). Environmental, Biochemical, and Dietary Factors that Influence Rumen Development in Dairy Calves. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91447

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ceh, Carrie Ann. “Environmental, Biochemical, and Dietary Factors that Influence Rumen Development in Dairy Calves.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91447.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ceh, Carrie Ann. “Environmental, Biochemical, and Dietary Factors that Influence Rumen Development in Dairy Calves.” 2019. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Ceh CA. Environmental, Biochemical, and Dietary Factors that Influence Rumen Development in Dairy Calves. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91447.

Council of Science Editors:

Ceh CA. Environmental, Biochemical, and Dietary Factors that Influence Rumen Development in Dairy Calves. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91447

30. Yohe, Taylor Timothy. Nutrient Impacts on Rumen Growth and Development.

Degree: PhD, Animal Sciences, Dairy, 2018, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94558

► Our collective knowledge of calf nutrition has evolved over the past 100+ years, but there are still areas of improvement that merit further scientific inquiry.… (more)

▼ Our collective knowledge of calf nutrition has evolved over the past 100+ years, but there are still areas of improvement that merit further scientific inquiry. The work described herein explored different aspects of calf nutrition with a central focus on rumen growth and development. The first study performed used 8 Holstein bull calves to determine if calf starters differing in starch and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content would affect calf growth, intake, rumen metabolites, blood metabolites, and gross rumen measurements when fed along with milk replacer (MR). The experiment used completely pelleted calf starters consisting of ground and pelleted barley, wheat, and corn grains. Besides the high-starch starter resulting in lower rumen pH, the hypothesis that completely pelleted calf starter diets differing in NDF and starch level would alter intake, growth, rumen metabolism, and rumen measurements was not supported. However, calves fed the high-NDF starter were $5.71 less expensive per calf to raise. Findings suggest a form of feed effect in today's calf starter diets that might be of physiological and economic importance. The second study tested custom-built rumen infusion, sampling, and evacuation devices. The main objectives were to build and confirm the successful use of the devices in one Holstein bull calf at 62 days of age, which determined a liquid passage rate out of the rumen at 40.2% of ruminal fluid/h. The third and final study examined the effects of form of diet (MR only, n = 5; MR and starter, n = 6) on rumen growth and development. More specifically, isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were fed to neonatal and ruminally cannulated Holstein calves for 6 week. The hypothesis of MR and starter calves having altered gross rumen measurements, epithelial stem and progenitor cell number, and epithelial proliferation status was supported, but hypothesized changes in volatile fatty acid (VFA) transporter abundance and VFA absorption rate were not supported. These results indicate that form of diet, even one that promotes rumen growth, does not equate to enhanced ability to absorb VFA, but there is an effect on rumen stem and progenitor cells as well as epithelial proliferation. Advisors/Committee Members: Daniels, Kristy M. (committeechair), Akers, Robert M. (committee member), Connor, Erin Elaine (committee member), Hanigan, Mark Daniel (committee member), Cockrum, Rebecca (committee member), White, Robin (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: calf nutrition; rumen growth and development

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Yohe, T. T. (2018). Nutrient Impacts on Rumen Growth and Development. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94558

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Yohe, Taylor Timothy. “Nutrient Impacts on Rumen Growth and Development.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94558.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Yohe, Taylor Timothy. “Nutrient Impacts on Rumen Growth and Development.” 2018. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Yohe TT. Nutrient Impacts on Rumen Growth and Development. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94558.

Council of Science Editors:

Yohe TT. Nutrient Impacts on Rumen Growth and Development. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94558

Open Access Theses and Dissertations