
The Ohio State University
1.
Toole, Andrew J.
The Effects of Forced Vergence Cover Tests and the Burst
Vergence Response on Phoria Adaptation.
Degree: PhD, Physiological Optics, 2008, The Ohio State University
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1211893739
Symptoms associated with binocular vision
disorders are attributed to stress on the disparity vergence
system. This system is composed of an open-loop burst signal that
initiates changes in the ocular vergence angle, and a closed-loop
sustained response that completes and maintains this angle.
Disparity vergence also contains an adaptable component known as
phoria adaptation (PA). The ability of the sustained response to
generate PA has been extensively studied, however little is known
regarding the burst signal's contribution to
PA. The phoria is the ocular angle in the absence
of a disparity vergence response. However the time course for
depleting PA makes measuring the true phoria challenging and is
typically done by extended periods of monocular occlusion. As these
extended periods of occlusion are not practical in a clinical
setting, two forced vergence cover test (FVCT) procedures have
previously been proposed for rapidly depleting PA and revealing the
true phoria. In a series of experiments, this study evaluated these
FVCT procedures and the burst vergence contribution to
PA. The FVCTs were performed before and after
significant PA was generated by fifteen minutes of binocularly
viewing through base-out prisms. Pre- and post-adaptation FVCT
results were significantly different (p<0.01) indicating that
the procedures did not eliminate existing phoria
adaptation. In a second experiment, PA generated
in response to three over-convergence adapting scenarios was
measured. These scenarios consisted of 30-seconds of steady fusion
(steady), 3-seconds of fusion (quick-step), 27-seconds of a flashed
target presentation (flash) that repeatedly presented the stimuli
binocularly when subjects were under-converged, and monocularly
when subject's vergence angle was near that required of the
stimuli; the flash period concluded with 3-seconds of fusion. The
flash period was designed to generate repeated burst vergence
responses with minimal influence from the closed-loop response.
Greater PA was generated by the flash period than the quick-step
(p=0.025). Equivalent PA was found following the flash and the
steady periods. In conclusion, currently
described FVCT procedures do not eliminate PA and thus are unlikely
to reveal the true phoria. Additionally, the burst vergence
response can generate significant PA.
Advisors/Committee Members: Fogt, Nicklaus (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Ophthalmology; phoria; phoria adaptation; vergence; vergence adaptation; cover test; forced vergence cover test; burst vergence response
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APA (6th Edition):
Toole, A. J. (2008). The Effects of Forced Vergence Cover Tests and the Burst
Vergence Response on Phoria Adaptation. (Doctoral Dissertation). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1211893739
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Toole, Andrew J. “The Effects of Forced Vergence Cover Tests and the Burst
Vergence Response on Phoria Adaptation.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University. Accessed April 11, 2021.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1211893739.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Toole, Andrew J. “The Effects of Forced Vergence Cover Tests and the Burst
Vergence Response on Phoria Adaptation.” 2008. Web. 11 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Toole AJ. The Effects of Forced Vergence Cover Tests and the Burst
Vergence Response on Phoria Adaptation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2008. [cited 2021 Apr 11].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1211893739.
Council of Science Editors:
Toole AJ. The Effects of Forced Vergence Cover Tests and the Burst
Vergence Response on Phoria Adaptation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2008. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1211893739