You searched for subject:(bodemchemie).
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109 total matches.
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1.
Baren, van, F.A.
Het voorkomen en de betekenis van kali-houdende mineralen in Nederlandse gronden.
Degree: 1934, Veenman
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525446 
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525446
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525446
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525446
► The importance of mineralogy and of research on mineral reserves for agriculture and forestry were examined from published data. Van Baren studied some problems of…
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▼ The importance of mineralogy and of research on mineral reserves for agriculture and forestry were examined from published data. Van Baren studied some problems of the mineral associations distinguished by Edelman as petrological provinces or groups. Studies on the heavy fraction (sp.gr.>2.9) of the minerals caused him to introduce new divisions of the B Elsloo province and to introduce a new province, the B Eysden province. The light fraction (sp.gr. < 2.9) could also be classified into provinces. Thus it was possible to obtain a picture of the distribution of feldspars in Dutch sands. Lastly he studied the fraction < 30μ . Three Dutch clays completely different in K content were examined microscopically and radiographically for mineralogical causes of the difference; results were unexpectedly good. In clays also was there a provincial character, according to origin. Mixture of two sediments in the finer fractions proved sometimes to be completely different from that of the coarser fractions. There was a parallel between natural fertility and mineralogical composition.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, C.H. Edelman.
Subjects/Keywords: bodemchemie; kalium; nederland; soil chemistry; potassium; netherlands
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APA (6th Edition):
Baren, van, F. A. (1934). Het voorkomen en de betekenis van kali-houdende mineralen in Nederlandse gronden. (Doctoral Dissertation). Veenman. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525446 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525446 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525446 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525446
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Baren, van, F A. “Het voorkomen en de betekenis van kali-houdende mineralen in Nederlandse gronden.” 1934. Doctoral Dissertation, Veenman. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525446 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525446 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525446 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525446.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Baren, van, F A. “Het voorkomen en de betekenis van kali-houdende mineralen in Nederlandse gronden.” 1934. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Baren, van FA. Het voorkomen en de betekenis van kali-houdende mineralen in Nederlandse gronden. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Veenman; 1934. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525446 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525446 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525446 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525446.
Council of Science Editors:
Baren, van FA. Het voorkomen en de betekenis van kali-houdende mineralen in Nederlandse gronden. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Veenman; 1934. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525446 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525446 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525446 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525446
2.
Harmsen, K.
Behaviour of heavy metals in soils.
Degree: 1977, Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/71209
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-71209
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-71209
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/71209
► <p/>Fractions of Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Mn extractable with water, a salt solution and dilute acid, and residual fractions were determined in soils…
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▼ <p/>Fractions of Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Mn extractable with water, a salt solution and dilute acid, and residual fractions were determined in soils with raised contents of heavy metals, near zinc smelters, along a river formerly discharging heavy metals, and in a sewage farm. Special attention was paid to the role of oxides of Fe and Mn in the binding of other heavy metals.<p/>The theory of regular solid solutions was applied to exchange adsorption of ions in soil and some approximative equations of practical interest were derived. The possible role. of hydrolysis and the adsorption of hydrolysis products was studied. Ion exchange in soil was described in terms of sites of high and low selectivity (two-site model) giving rise to a decreasing free enthalpy of adsorption with increasing surface coverage (Freundlich behaviour).<p/>Cation-exchange experiments with Ca
2+, Zn
2+, Cd
2+, Cu
2+and Pb
2+on Winsum clay soil showed that heavy metals were
subject to regular and selective (specific) exchange adsorption, and to superequivalent adsorption. A pronounced lowering of pH upon adsorption of heavy metals was assumed to be by desorption of weakly acidic protons or selective adsorption of hydrolysis products, in combination with a diminished acid-neutralizing capacity. Results may be of interest for environmental control of heavy metals.
Advisors/Committee Members: G.H. Bolt.
Subjects/Keywords: zware metalen; bodemchemie; heavy metals; soil chemistry
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APA (6th Edition):
Harmsen, K. (1977). Behaviour of heavy metals in soils. (Doctoral Dissertation). Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/71209 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-71209 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-71209 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/71209
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Harmsen, K. “Behaviour of heavy metals in soils.” 1977. Doctoral Dissertation, Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/71209 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-71209 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-71209 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/71209.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Harmsen, K. “Behaviour of heavy metals in soils.” 1977. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Harmsen K. Behaviour of heavy metals in soils. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen; 1977. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/71209 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-71209 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-71209 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/71209.
Council of Science Editors:
Harmsen K. Behaviour of heavy metals in soils. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen; 1977. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/71209 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-71209 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-71209 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/71209
3.
Heemsbergen, D.A.
Soil detritivore functioning in heterogeneously contaminated soils.
Degree: 2009, NARCIS
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/389985
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-389985
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-389985
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/389985
► Bodemverontreiniging kan een belemmerende factor zijn bij de grootschalige herinrichting van uiterwaarden in het kader van het project ‘Ruimte voor de Rivier’, waarbij nieuwe kansen…
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▼ Bodemverontreiniging kan een belemmerende factor zijn bij de grootschalige herinrichting van uiterwaarden in het kader van het project ‘Ruimte voor de Rivier’, waarbij nieuwe kansen voor natuurontwikkeling worden gecreëerd. Onderzoek van Diane Heemsbergen aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam en Alterra Wageningen UR toont aan dat regenwormen een positieve invloed op het bodemsysteem uitoefenen
Advisors/Committee Members: VU University Amsterdam, H.A. Verhoef, M.P. Berg, Jack Faber.
Subjects/Keywords: bodemchemie; bodemverontreiniging; aardwormen; ecotoxicologie; bodemecologie; soil chemistry; soil pollution; earthworms; ecotoxicology; soil ecology
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APA (6th Edition):
Heemsbergen, D. A. (2009). Soil detritivore functioning in heterogeneously contaminated soils. (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/389985 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-389985 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-389985 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/389985
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Heemsbergen, D A. “Soil detritivore functioning in heterogeneously contaminated soils.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/389985 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-389985 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-389985 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/389985.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Heemsbergen, D A. “Soil detritivore functioning in heterogeneously contaminated soils.” 2009. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Heemsbergen DA. Soil detritivore functioning in heterogeneously contaminated soils. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2009. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/389985 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-389985 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-389985 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/389985.
Council of Science Editors:
Heemsbergen DA. Soil detritivore functioning in heterogeneously contaminated soils. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2009. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/389985 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-389985 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-389985 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/389985
4.
Boer, de, W.
Nitrification in Dutch heathland soils.
Degree: 1989, Agricultural University
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/10384
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-10384
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-10384
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/10384
► This thesis is the result of a study on the production of nitrate in Dutch heathland soils. Most of the heathlands are located on…
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▼ This thesis is the result of a study on the production of nitrate in Dutch heathland soils. Most of the heathlands are located on acid, sandy soils. Therefore , it has dealt mainly with the occurrence, nature and mechanisms of nitrification in acid soils. In the Netherlands, the production of nitrate in acid soils is a matter of great concern because it has become obvious that this process contributes to a continuous acidification of such soils that are exposed to high levels of deposition of ammonia and ammonium. Continuous acidification of sandy soils has a negative impact on the vitality of trees. Moreover, the groundwater may become polluted with nitrate and aluminum. As almost all Dutch heathlands are semi-natural in origin, management practices, such as sod- cutting, are needed to maintain the original dwarf-shrub vegetation. At present, the replacement of dwarf-shrubs by grasses is a big problem for management. This change in dominancy coincides with the increase in the availability of mineral nitrogen for plants which, in turn, is attributed to high levels of deposition of NO <em>
x</em> and NH <em>
x</em> originating from industry, traffic and intensive animal husbandry. Grasses may become dominant under conditions of relatively high nitrogen availability. In this study, it was indicated that the high availability of mineral nitrogen has also resulted in the general occurrence of nitrification in Dutch heathland soils (Chapter 2 and 4). Nitrification was not restricted to heathlands that were dominated by certain plant species. Nitrification in Dutch heathland soils appeared to be regulated by the availability of ammonium and oxygen whereas the availability of phosphate may also be important (Chapter 2 and 4). The presence of nitrification was not dependent on the pH of the heathland soils. Most of the production of nitrate in Dutch heathland soils was shown to take place in the organic horizon (Chapter 2 and 3). Using inhibitors it could be concluded that chemolithotrophic bacteria are the main nitrifying micro- organisms in Dutch heathland soils, despite their low pH (Chapter 3 and 4). The effect of pH on the activity of chemolithotrophic nitrifying bacteria was studied using suspensions that were maintained at pH 4 or 6. During these experiments nitrite never accumulated in detectable amounts. Therefore, it is concluded that the rate of production of nitrate is dependent on the activity of ammonium- oxidizing bacteria. Evidence is presented for the existence of chemolithotrophic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria that are active at pH 4 (Chapter 3). These acid-tolerant bacteria are present in many heathland soils (Chapter 4). In suspensions of pH 4 production of nitrate was exponential. This implies that the acid-tolerant ammonium-oxidizing bacteria are able to grow at low pH values (Chapter 3). The
in situ oxidation of ammonium in many Dutch heathland soils is most likely caused by acid-tolerant, ammonium-oxidizing bacteria…
Advisors/Committee Members: A.J.B. Zehnder, W. Harder.
Subjects/Keywords: heidegebieden; nitrificatie; nederland; bodemchemie; natuurgebieden; heathlands; nitrification; netherlands; soil chemistry; natural areas
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APA (6th Edition):
Boer, de, W. (1989). Nitrification in Dutch heathland soils. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/10384 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-10384 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-10384 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/10384
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Boer, de, W. “Nitrification in Dutch heathland soils.” 1989. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/10384 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-10384 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-10384 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/10384.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Boer, de, W. “Nitrification in Dutch heathland soils.” 1989. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Boer, de W. Nitrification in Dutch heathland soils. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1989. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/10384 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-10384 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-10384 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/10384.
Council of Science Editors:
Boer, de W. Nitrification in Dutch heathland soils. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1989. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/10384 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-10384 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-10384 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/10384
5.
Zuur, A.J.
Over de ontzilting van den bodem in de Wieringermeer : een studie over de zout- en waterbeweging in jonge poldergronden.
Degree: 1938, Algemeene Landsdrukkerij
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525462
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525462
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525462
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525462
► The initial concentration of salt in the soil moisture of the Wieringermeer (reclaimed from the sea in 1930) was about 2 %. The moisture content…
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▼ The initial concentration of salt in the soil moisture of the Wieringermeer (reclaimed from the sea in 1930) was about 2 %. The moisture content of the soil and hence the salt content in dry matter increased with increasing clay content. Percolating rainwater attained the concentration of the soil moisture within a depth of 25 to 50 cm. Diffusion hardly influenced salt movement as such, but was highly instrumental in equalizing the salt concentration of the percolating rainwater and of the soil moisture. In comparable leaching conditions the topmost layer of sandy soils was leached faster than of clay soils. For the deeper layers the reverse was true. Usually the low permeability of the clayey subsoils hampered passage of water. In soils with vegetation upward capillary transport did not exceed about 50 mm a year. Seepage retarded desalinization considerably. The better the drainage the faster the leaching. After laying an adequate field- drainage system the rains of one winter leached sufficient salt from sandy soils to allow crop growth; for a comparable leaching of clay soils the rains of two to three winters were required.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, M.F. Visser.
Subjects/Keywords: bodemchemie; natrium; verbetering; verzilting; polders; wieringermeer; soil chemistry; sodium; improvement; salinization; polders; wieringermeer
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APA (6th Edition):
Zuur, A. J. (1938). Over de ontzilting van den bodem in de Wieringermeer : een studie over de zout- en waterbeweging in jonge poldergronden. (Doctoral Dissertation). Algemeene Landsdrukkerij. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525462 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525462 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525462 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525462
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Zuur, A J. “Over de ontzilting van den bodem in de Wieringermeer : een studie over de zout- en waterbeweging in jonge poldergronden.” 1938. Doctoral Dissertation, Algemeene Landsdrukkerij. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525462 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525462 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525462 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525462.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Zuur, A J. “Over de ontzilting van den bodem in de Wieringermeer : een studie over de zout- en waterbeweging in jonge poldergronden.” 1938. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Zuur AJ. Over de ontzilting van den bodem in de Wieringermeer : een studie over de zout- en waterbeweging in jonge poldergronden. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Algemeene Landsdrukkerij; 1938. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525462 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525462 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525462 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525462.
Council of Science Editors:
Zuur AJ. Over de ontzilting van den bodem in de Wieringermeer : een studie over de zout- en waterbeweging in jonge poldergronden. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Algemeene Landsdrukkerij; 1938. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525462 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525462 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525462 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525462
6.
Osté, L.
In situ immobilization of cadmium and zinc in contaminated soils : fiction or fixation?.
Degree: 2001, NARCIS
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122127
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122127
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122127
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122127
► Keywords: beringite, cadmium, DOC, DOM, earthworms, immobilization, leaching, lime, manganese oxides, metal binding, metal uptake, organic matter partitioning, pH, soil contamination, remediation, sorption, Swiss…
(more)
▼ Keywords: beringite, cadmium, DOC, DOM, earthworms, immobilization, leaching, lime, manganese oxides, metal binding, metal uptake, organic matter partitioning, pH, soil contamination, remediation, sorption, Swiss chard, zeolites, zinc. It is generally assumed that a decrease in metal concentration in the soil solution reduces metal leaching, and metal uptake by and toxicity to plants and soil organisms.
In situ immobilization is a soil remediation technique that aims at reducing the metal concentration in the soil solution by adding a binding material to the soil. Application of this technique requires understanding of underlying mechanisms and potential side effects. Both laboratory experiments and model calculations have been performed to gain insight in immobilizing processes. It is essential to quantify metal binding to natural organic matter. The NICA-Donnan model was designed to calculate metal binding by organic materials, but specific Zn parameters were not available due to a lack of analytical data. The Wageningen Donnan Membrane technique (WDMT) was therefore further developed to measure free Zn concentrations in humic acid solutions. Many immobilizing materials increase the soil pH. This results in an increased negative charge of soil particles, and hence in a decreased metal mobility. In some cases, the addition of alkaline materials simultaneously increases the dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration in the soil solution, resulting in increased leaching of metal-DOM complexes. We showed that alkaline soil amendments need to contain enough Ca to suppress the dispersion of organic matter as induced by a pH increase. We also quantified the dispersion of organic matter. It appeared that the Donnan potential of the organic matter, as calculated by the NICA-Donnan model, correlated very well with the DOM concentration. The addition of alkaline materials strongly decreased the metal concentration in Swiss chard (
Beta vulgaris L. var.
cicla ). In contrast, the uptake of Cd and Zn by earthworms (
Lumbricus rubellus and
Eisenia veneta ) was hardly influenced by the addition of alkaline materials. Another experiment showed that the addition of MnO
2 , which did not affect soil pH, resulted in a decreased Cd concentration in the earthworm tissue. Apparently, next to dermal uptake, pH independent Cd uptake via the intestine was an important uptake route. Cd uptake by earthworms could be estimated by a soil extraction with 0.1 M triethanolamine and 0.01 M CaCl
2 adjusted to pH 7.2.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, W.H. van Riemsdijk, F.A.M. de Haan.
Subjects/Keywords: cadmium; zink; immobilisatie; bodemverontreiniging; Bodemchemie; cadmium; zinc; immobilization; soil pollution; Soil Chemistry
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Osté, L. (2001). In situ immobilization of cadmium and zinc in contaminated soils : fiction or fixation?. (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122127 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122127 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122127 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122127
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Osté, L. “In situ immobilization of cadmium and zinc in contaminated soils : fiction or fixation?.” 2001. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122127 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122127 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122127 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122127.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Osté, L. “In situ immobilization of cadmium and zinc in contaminated soils : fiction or fixation?.” 2001. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Osté L. In situ immobilization of cadmium and zinc in contaminated soils : fiction or fixation?. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2001. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122127 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122127 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122127 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122127.
Council of Science Editors:
Osté L. In situ immobilization of cadmium and zinc in contaminated soils : fiction or fixation?. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2001. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122127 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122127 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122127 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122127
7.
Mulleneers, H.
Selective separation of very small particles by flotation : in relation to soil and sediment remediation.
Degree: 2001, NARCIS
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110500
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110500
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110500
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110500
► Next to numerous contaminated sites, also large quantities of polluted dredged sediments have to be cleaned in the near future in the Netherlands. Soil washing…
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▼ Next to numerous contaminated sites, also large quantities of polluted dredged sediments have to be cleaned in the near future in the Netherlands. Soil washing (classification) is one of the most common remediation techniques to remediate contaminated dredged sediment and excavated soil. It uses chemical and physical particle properties to separate contaminated particles from clean particles. The process is less successful when a large fraction of soil particles smaller than 63μm is present (the fines), which is very likely in dredged sediments. Classification is also not suitable when polluted and clean particles hardly differ in density or size. In cases where classification techniques fails, flotation can be a successful alternative remediation technique. Flotation is a separation technique based on the capture of particles by bubbles and their collection in a froth layer. It can also be used to succeed the classification techniques in order to clean the fines fraction. Also in flotation the separation of small particles cause problems. Factors like entrapment and entrainment lead to reduction in efficiency. Entrapment problems occur when fine hydrophilic particles become physically trapped by hydrophobic particles or bubble-particle aggregates. Hydraulic entrainment occurs when hydrophilic particles are recovered in the liquid film between air and bubbles in the froth. Entrainment becomes prominent when large quantities of fine particles are treated. This thesis investigates the possibility of the selective separation of very small particles by flotation in relation to the remediation of contaminated soil and sediment. The influence of some flotation reagents is investigated and the importance of the contact angle is studied. A new flotation device was developed which uses dissolved air, as small bubble source, together with a sedimentation zone. The mixing and sedimentation zone are separated by a baffle to prevent settled particles falling back into the mixing zone. This creates a flotation reactor that is capable of separating even the smallest particles whilst minimizing the effects of entrainment and entrapment. For contaminated soil it means that when the contamination is present in a hydrophobic fraction and the other fractions consists out of clean hydrophilic particles, there is no limitation for the separation of these particles by flotation. The new flotation technique was used to clean fractions of contaminated soil and sediment. The remediation of a sandy soil sludge contaminated with PAH was very successful and PAH removal could be further increased with flotation agents as Diesel and Montanol. The fraction of 45-90μm of PAH contaminated dredged sediment from Overschie and the Petrol Harbor was also successfully treated with flotation. The remediation was less efficient for the smallest fractions (<32μm) of these sediments, but PAH was still selectively removed. The counter current flotation sedimentation cell is a practical tool to perform a quick laboratory test to…
Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, W.H. Rulkens, L.K. Koopal, H. Bruning.
Subjects/Keywords: flotatie; bioremediëring; bodemverontreiniging; scheiding; Bodemchemie; flotation; bioremediation; soil pollution; separation; Soil Chemistry
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APA (6th Edition):
Mulleneers, H. (2001). Selective separation of very small particles by flotation : in relation to soil and sediment remediation. (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110500 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110500 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110500 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110500
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mulleneers, H. “Selective separation of very small particles by flotation : in relation to soil and sediment remediation.” 2001. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110500 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110500 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110500 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110500.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mulleneers, H. “Selective separation of very small particles by flotation : in relation to soil and sediment remediation.” 2001. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Mulleneers H. Selective separation of very small particles by flotation : in relation to soil and sediment remediation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2001. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110500 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110500 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110500 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110500.
Council of Science Editors:
Mulleneers H. Selective separation of very small particles by flotation : in relation to soil and sediment remediation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2001. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110500 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110500 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110500 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110500
8.
Moolenaar, S.W.
Sustainable management of heavy metals in agro-ecosystems.
Degree: 1998, Agricultural University
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/43030
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-43030
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-43030
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/43030
► In 1993, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) launched a priority research program on 'Sustainability and Environmental Quality'. Within this program, the METALS…
(more)
▼ In 1993, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) launched a priority research program on 'Sustainability and Environmental Quality'. Within this program, the METALS subprogram focusses on the accumulation of metals in economy (e.g., zinc in gutters) and the environment (e.g., soil), the mechanisms behind these processes, the associated risks, the possibilities for a sustainable management of metal flows, and their consequences for society and environment. This Ph.D. thesis has resulted from the research on sustainable management of heavy metals (cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc)in agro-ecosystems in the Netherlands and some other European countries. Accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soil may cause problems if certain levels are exceeded. The productivity of soil and quality of produce should be protected but at the same time the ecological functioning of the soil should not be damaged, nor should emissions from the soil adversely affect other environmental compartments (e.g., groundwater). Heavy-metal cycles and input and output flows in agroecosystems have to be analyzed to identify the most important sources and processes that lead to accumulation. In order to determine the options for a sustainable heavy-metal management in agriculture, heavy-metal balance sheets are used as a means to quantify input (e.g., fertilizers, deposition) and output (e.g., leaching, crop offtake) flows in agro-ecosystems and to calculate resulting accumulation in soil. Heavy-metal balances of agro-ecosystems can be studied within the context of substance flow analysis (SFA), which is based on the law of conservation of mass. SFA consists of an integrated examination of all flows of a substance or a group of substances within a defined (geographic) system (Chapter 2). Several European studies on heavy-metal balances on different spatial scales and in different agro-ecosystems are reviewed and implications for an effective heavy-metal management of agro-ecosystems are disussed. Heavy-metal balances on a national scale study the agricultural sector as a whole. Although their meaning is quite limited with regard to environmental and specific on-site management analyses, they give valuable information for economic analyses. The studies on heavy-metal balances in Denmark and Finland show that generic measures may be very fruitful. Generic measures at the (inter)national level are required to enable proper procedures and measures with regard to product labeling, company certification, industry convenants, and import and trade with regard to heavy metals. In order to be able to discover relevant options for an effective management of heavy metals in agro-ecosystems, heavy-metal balances on the farm and field scales should be used in addition. These heavy-metal balances could be incorporated in an environmental management system of individual companies (Chapter 3). Quantification of the topsoil (or plough layer) balance can be carried out by different approaches i.e., the static balance (SB), the…
Advisors/Committee Members: F.A.M. de Haan.
Subjects/Keywords: bodemchemie; zware metalen; bodemverontreiniging; soil chemistry; heavy metals; soil pollution
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APA (6th Edition):
Moolenaar, S. W. (1998). Sustainable management of heavy metals in agro-ecosystems. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/43030 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-43030 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-43030 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/43030
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Moolenaar, S W. “Sustainable management of heavy metals in agro-ecosystems.” 1998. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/43030 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-43030 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-43030 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/43030.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Moolenaar, S W. “Sustainable management of heavy metals in agro-ecosystems.” 1998. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Moolenaar SW. Sustainable management of heavy metals in agro-ecosystems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1998. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/43030 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-43030 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-43030 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/43030.
Council of Science Editors:
Moolenaar SW. Sustainable management of heavy metals in agro-ecosystems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1998. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/43030 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-43030 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-43030 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/43030
9.
Okx, J.P.
Soil remediation : a systems approach.
Degree: 1998, Agricultural University
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/43005
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-43005
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-43005
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/43005
► Soil remediation has only a short history, but the problem addressed is a significant one. When solving soil remediation problems we have to deal…
(more)
▼ Soil remediation has only a short history, but the problem addressed is a significant one. When solving soil remediation problems we have to deal with a large number of scientific disciplines, however solutions are often presented from the viewpoint of just one discipline. In order to benefit from the combined disciplinary knowledge and experience it is necessary to describe the interrelations between these disciplines. This has been realised by developing an adequate model of the desired process, which enables to consider and evaluate the essential factors as interdependent components. Three main phases in the soil remediation process are distinguished: problem identification, development of problem solving alternatives and selection of the best alternative. In the identification phase several sampling strategies may have to be compared. In this thesis probabilistic decision trees are used for the comparison. In the case studies we found that the value of surveys depends not only on the costs of the survey itself, but equally on the ratio of expected failure or success and the related costs of the actions based on the survey. Once a sampling strategy is chosen and data is collected, the results can be used to estimate the amount of polluted soil material. Probability kriging is a non-linear geostatistical estimation technique suitable for the estimation of the amount of polluted soil material. In the development phase work is aimed at generating problem solving alternatives. This thesis presents expert support models recombining knowledge and experiences obtained during ex and in situ soil remediations. The aim of the models is to optimise knowledge transfer among the various parties involved in contaminated site management. Structured Knowledge Engineering (SKE) has been used as a framework for model development. The model was applied several polluted sites. The structured approach requires scrutinising all relevant data in order to answer the questions related to ex and in situ soil remediations. Moreover, it clarifies the roles of the different disciplines involved in the process. After deciding whether or not a soil cleanup operation is necessary, the question remains which remedial strategy and technique should be applied. The triple-perspective REC framework simultaneously takes into account risk reduction, environmental performance and costs, and aims at increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of cleanup operations.
Advisors/Committee Members: J. Bouma, A. Stein, L. Hordijk.
Subjects/Keywords: bioremediëring; bodem; volksgezondheidsbevordering; Bodemverontreiniging; Bodemchemie; bioremediation; soil; sanitation; Soil Pollution; Soil Chemistry
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APA (6th Edition):
Okx, J. P. (1998). Soil remediation : a systems approach. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/43005 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-43005 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-43005 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/43005
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Okx, J P. “Soil remediation : a systems approach.” 1998. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/43005 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-43005 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-43005 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/43005.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Okx, J P. “Soil remediation : a systems approach.” 1998. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Okx JP. Soil remediation : a systems approach. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1998. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/43005 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-43005 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-43005 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/43005.
Council of Science Editors:
Okx JP. Soil remediation : a systems approach. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1998. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/43005 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-43005 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-43005 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/43005
10.
Haan, de, F.A.M.
The interaction of certain inorganic anions with clays and soils.
Degree: 1965, Pudoc
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525673
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525673
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525673
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525673
► Interaction between anions and soil colloids was governed by 2 antagonistic processes, anion exclusion and positive anion adsorption. The predominantly negative charge on the colloids…
(more)
▼ Interaction between anions and soil colloids was governed by 2 antagonistic processes, anion exclusion and positive anion adsorption. The predominantly negative charge on the colloids caused anion repulsion; positively charged sites and chemisorption resulted in positive adsorption.<p/>Experimentally determined adsorption was the resultant of the 2 processes and yielded true net adsorption by correction for continuous anion exclusion.<p/>Assuming the Gouy Chapman theory of the electric double layer, de Haan calculated exclusion as the apparent distance from the colloid surface free from anions of different valency. The method was valid for systems containing monovalent and divalent cations and anions with an approximation for trivalent anions, and was extended to interacting double layers.<p/>The product of apparent distance of exclusion and of the colloid's specific surface was the volume of exclusion (V
ex ), <em/> the same as the experimental adsorption value. Thus anion exclusion measurements yielded values for the colloid's specific surface. V
ex<em/> was determined by a tracer method for Cl
-, S0
42-, and P0
43-, and by potentiometric titration for Cl
-. Adsorption of different anions could be determined simultaneously.<p/>Theoretical derivations were confirmed in experiments with fairly pure clays and in 12 Dutch soils, with special attention to phosphate adsorption. The correction for anion exclusion allowed refined measurements of anion adsorption and explained the bonding mechanisms between anions and soil colloids.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, G.H. Bolt.
Subjects/Keywords: bodem; bodemkunde; ionenuitwisseling; Bodemchemie; soil; soil science; ion exchange; Soil Chemistry
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Export
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APA (6th Edition):
Haan, de, F. A. M. (1965). The interaction of certain inorganic anions with clays and soils. (Doctoral Dissertation). Pudoc. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525673 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525673 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525673 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525673
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Haan, de, F A M. “The interaction of certain inorganic anions with clays and soils.” 1965. Doctoral Dissertation, Pudoc. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525673 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525673 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525673 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525673.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Haan, de, F A M. “The interaction of certain inorganic anions with clays and soils.” 1965. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Haan, de FAM. The interaction of certain inorganic anions with clays and soils. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Pudoc; 1965. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525673 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525673 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525673 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525673.
Council of Science Editors:
Haan, de FAM. The interaction of certain inorganic anions with clays and soils. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Pudoc; 1965. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525673 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525673 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525673 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525673
11.
Molen, van der, W.H.
The exchangeable cations in soils flooded with sea water.
Degree: 1958, Staatsdrukkerij en Uitgeverijbedrijf
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525577
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525577
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525577
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525577
► The changes in the exchangeable cations of soils flooded with sea-water were extensively studied in the Netherlands after the inundations of 1940, 1945 and 1953.…
(more)
▼ The changes in the exchangeable cations of soils flooded with sea-water were extensively studied in the Netherlands after the inundations of 1940, 1945 and 1953. A synopsis of the results was given, both from a theoretical and a practical viewpoint.<p/>Current formulae for ion-exchange tested in the laboratory gave fair descriptions for the competition between two species of cations, but were inadequate if more ionic species were involved. The behaviour of Na in flooded soils in competition with K, Mg, and Ca was therefore described by an empirical Naadsorption isotherm.<p/>Flooded soils were considerably enriched in Na, K and Mg. Of these, only Na changed noticeably during the first years after renewed drainage. Na was slowly replaced by Ca derived from CaCO
3 . The changes proceed from top to bottom through the soil profile, the limiting factor being the removal of liberated Na-ions by leaching. The theory of column operation gave a qualitative explanation of the phenomena observed.<p/>The regeneration of flooded soils could be promoted by application of gypsum, calcium chloride or sulphur, of which gypsum was extensively used in practice. Of the gypsum applied, about 50 % was effective in removing exchangeable Na from the upper 20 cms. On this basis, an estimation of gypsum requirements could be made.<p/>
Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, A.J. Zuur, A.C. Schuffelen.
Subjects/Keywords: bodemchemie; verzilting; bodem; uitwisselbare kationen; overstromingen; soil chemistry; salinization; soil; exchangeable cations; floods
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APA (6th Edition):
Molen, van der, W. H. (1958). The exchangeable cations in soils flooded with sea water. (Doctoral Dissertation). Staatsdrukkerij en Uitgeverijbedrijf. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525577 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525577 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525577 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525577
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Molen, van der, W H. “The exchangeable cations in soils flooded with sea water.” 1958. Doctoral Dissertation, Staatsdrukkerij en Uitgeverijbedrijf. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525577 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525577 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525577 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525577.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Molen, van der, W H. “The exchangeable cations in soils flooded with sea water.” 1958. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Molen, van der WH. The exchangeable cations in soils flooded with sea water. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Staatsdrukkerij en Uitgeverijbedrijf; 1958. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525577 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525577 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525577 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525577.
Council of Science Editors:
Molen, van der WH. The exchangeable cations in soils flooded with sea water. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Staatsdrukkerij en Uitgeverijbedrijf; 1958. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525577 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525577 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525577 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525577
12.
Koopmans, G.F.
Characterization, desorption, and mining of phosphorus in noncalcareous sandy soils.
Degree: 2004, Alterra
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/333895
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-333895
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-333895
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/333895
► In areas with intensive livestock farming, soils have been enriched with phosphorus (P), following heavy applications of animal manure. These soils are a risk for…
(more)
▼ In areas with intensive livestock farming, soils have been enriched with phosphorus (P), following heavy applications of animal manure. These soils are a risk for nearby surface waters, as the leaching of P from these soils contributes to eutrophication of these surface waters. This study was set up to better understand the speciation and desorption of P in noncalcareous sandy soils, so as to contribute to the development of management guidelines for these soils.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, Oene Oenema, Willem van Riemsdijk, Wim Chardon.
Subjects/Keywords: fosfor; eutrofiëring; oppervlaktewater; zandgronden; uitspoelen; bodemoplossing; biologische beschikbaarheid; Bodemchemie; phosphorus; eutrophication; surface water; sandy soils; leaching; soil solution; bioavailability; Soil Chemistry
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Export
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APA (6th Edition):
Koopmans, G. F. (2004). Characterization, desorption, and mining of phosphorus in noncalcareous sandy soils. (Doctoral Dissertation). Alterra. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/333895 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-333895 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-333895 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/333895
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Koopmans, G F. “Characterization, desorption, and mining of phosphorus in noncalcareous sandy soils.” 2004. Doctoral Dissertation, Alterra. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/333895 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-333895 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-333895 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/333895.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Koopmans, G F. “Characterization, desorption, and mining of phosphorus in noncalcareous sandy soils.” 2004. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Koopmans GF. Characterization, desorption, and mining of phosphorus in noncalcareous sandy soils. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Alterra; 2004. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/333895 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-333895 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-333895 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/333895.
Council of Science Editors:
Koopmans GF. Characterization, desorption, and mining of phosphorus in noncalcareous sandy soils. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Alterra; 2004. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/333895 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-333895 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-333895 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/333895
13.
Schlebaum, W.
Organic contaminants in soil : desorption kinetics and microbial degradation.
Degree: 1999, Agricultural University
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/62984
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-62984
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-62984
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/62984
► The availability of organic contaminants in soils or sediments for microbial degradation or removal by physical means (e.g.) soil washing or soil venting) depends…
(more)
▼ The availability of organic contaminants in soils or sediments for microbial degradation or removal by physical means (e.g.) soil washing or soil venting) depends on the desorption kinetics of these contaminants from the soil matrix. When the organic contaminants desorb very slow from the soil matrix, remediation of polluted sites may be hampered. In this thesis, sorption kinetics of organic contaminants in soil was investigated with emphasis on the influence of natural organic matter on slow desorption rates, and the influence of sorption kinetics on the microbial degradation rates of these contaminants. Two organic matter fractions, humic acids and humin, were shown not only to differ in their affinity for an organic contaminant, but also in the kinetics of their interactions with the contaminant. The results showed that humin can play an important role in the sorption behaviour of a soil. Interaction between humic acids and an organic contaminant were shown to be non-linear. Non-linear sorption behaviour was also observed for soil. The effects of non-linear sorption behaviour were demonstrated in simulations. Non-linear sorption may be caused by a limited number of sites with a high sorption energy that are present in humin. Microbial degradation of an organic contaminant in soil was predicted using measured desorption kinetics and measured intrinsic microbial degradation kinetics. It was shown that only for the slow-desorbing contaminant fraction, the desorption rate was the rate-determining step for the degradation in soil. When microorganisms are able to degrade contaminants that become available by a slow desorption process, the natural degradation of organic contaminants in soil can be an efficient remediation method in the last stages of the
in situ remediation of a contaminated soil. Continuous monitoring of such a contaminated soil however will be needed.
Advisors/Committee Members: W.H. van Riemsdijk, G. Schraa.
Subjects/Keywords: sorptie; biodegradatie; kinetica; organische verbindingen; besmetters; Bodemchemie; sorption; biodegradation; kinetics; organic compounds; contaminants; Soil Chemistry
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APA (6th Edition):
Schlebaum, W. (1999). Organic contaminants in soil : desorption kinetics and microbial degradation. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/62984 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-62984 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-62984 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/62984
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Schlebaum, W. “Organic contaminants in soil : desorption kinetics and microbial degradation.” 1999. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/62984 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-62984 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-62984 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/62984.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Schlebaum, W. “Organic contaminants in soil : desorption kinetics and microbial degradation.” 1999. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Schlebaum W. Organic contaminants in soil : desorption kinetics and microbial degradation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1999. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/62984 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-62984 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-62984 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/62984.
Council of Science Editors:
Schlebaum W. Organic contaminants in soil : desorption kinetics and microbial degradation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1999. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/62984 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-62984 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-62984 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/62984
14.
Keijzer, H.
Transport of nonlinearly biodegradable contaminants in aquifers.
Degree: 2001, NARCIS
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/108910
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-108910
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-108910
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/108910
► This thesis deals with the transport behavior of nonlinearly biodegradable contaminants in aquifers. Such transport occurs during in situ bioremediation which is based on…
(more)
▼ This thesis deals with the transport behavior of nonlinearly biodegradable contaminants in aquifers. Such transport occurs during
in situ bioremediation which is based on the injection of an electron acceptor or electron donor. The main interests in this thesis are the mutual influences of underlying processes, i.e. transport, adsorption and biodegradation, and their influence on
in situ bioremediation performance. To gain insight in these influences, the processes in a homogeneous aquifer are studied. Subsequently, the effect of physical heterogeneity of an aquifer on the displacement of the biodegradable contaminant is examined. Considering a homogeneous aquifer, numerical simulations are performed to ascertain the effect of transport, adsorption and biodegradation on the displacement of the contaminant and of the electron acceptor or electron donor. In the initial phase, the developed numerical results are successfully described by first order degradation. In the final phase, the numerical results show a traveling wave behavior; the developed concentration fronts have constant front shapes and 'travel' with a constant velocity through the aquifer. This behavior is due to the balance between the steepening effect of nonlinear biodegradation and the spreading effect of dispersion. Because of this traveling wave behavior, semi-analytical solutions have been derived that satisfactorily approximate the numerical results. These semi-analytical solutions are used to assess the performance of the
in situ bioremediation. If
in situ bioremediation is applied to a polluted site, the electron acceptor injection concentration and the injection velocity will be the only manipulative properties. By varying these two properties, the
in situ bioremediation performance can be influenced and optimized. To study a physical heterogeneous aquifer, the hydraulic conductivity is considered spatially variable and it is assumed to be a random space function. The effect of physical heterogeneity is determined using a Lagrangian stochastic approach. Results show that incorporation of physical heterogeneity leads to a spreading of the breakthrough curve of both the contaminant and the electron acceptor or electron donor. In case of a large degree of heterogeneity, i.e. a strongly heterogeneous aquifer, it is the heterogeneity which determines the shape of the breakthrough curve and not the dispersion or nonlinear biodegradation.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, S.E.A.T.M. van der Zee.
Subjects/Keywords: besmetters; watervoerende lagen; biodegradatie; bioremediëring; Bodemverontreiniging; Bodemchemie; contaminants; aquifers; biodegradation; bioremediation; Soil Pollution; Soil Chemistry
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APA (6th Edition):
Keijzer, H. (2001). Transport of nonlinearly biodegradable contaminants in aquifers. (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/108910 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-108910 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-108910 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/108910
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Keijzer, H. “Transport of nonlinearly biodegradable contaminants in aquifers.” 2001. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/108910 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-108910 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-108910 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/108910.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Keijzer, H. “Transport of nonlinearly biodegradable contaminants in aquifers.” 2001. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Keijzer H. Transport of nonlinearly biodegradable contaminants in aquifers. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2001. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/108910 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-108910 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-108910 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/108910.
Council of Science Editors:
Keijzer H. Transport of nonlinearly biodegradable contaminants in aquifers. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2001. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/108910 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-108910 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-108910 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/108910
15.
Temme, J.
Over de afbraak van Ca-cyaanamide in den grond.
Degree: 1946, Veenman
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525507
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525507
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525507
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525507
► The weed killer calcium cyanamide was also a slowly acting N fertilizer. It released N as urea, which was subsequently converted to ammonium carbonate and…
(more)
▼ The weed killer calcium cyanamide was also a slowly acting N fertilizer. It released N as urea, which was subsequently converted to ammonium carbonate and nitrate. The first phase was mainly physico-chemical involving hydrolysis to calcium hydroxide and cyanamide, which was then hydrolysed to urea. It was promoted by free H +in the soil and exceeded any possible microbiological action, as application initially caused a decrease in the soil microflora. The second phase was microbiological; first urea was released. The herbicidal effect was due to the formation of dicyanodiamide and its decomposition products, which were toxic also to most micro-organisms. It formed at high pH (8-10) if the topdressing became moist. Nitrification was depressed in concentrations higher than 10% of total N. But the initial effect perhaps limited the proliferation of pathogens. Apart from killing weeds, it might injure both crop and microflora, if not incorporated into the soil. A method was developed of estimating the rate of ammonification and nitrification of calcium cyanamide for different soil samples and, thus, the amount of fertilizer needed for optimum effect.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, J. Smit.
Subjects/Keywords: bodem; calcium; nitrificatie; organische verbindingen; bodemchemie; derivaten; cyanen; soil; calcium; nitrification; organic compounds; soil chemistry; derivatives; cyanogens
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APA (6th Edition):
Temme, J. (1946). Over de afbraak van Ca-cyaanamide in den grond. (Doctoral Dissertation). Veenman. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525507 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525507 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525507 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525507
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Temme, J. “Over de afbraak van Ca-cyaanamide in den grond.” 1946. Doctoral Dissertation, Veenman. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525507 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525507 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525507 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525507.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Temme, J. “Over de afbraak van Ca-cyaanamide in den grond.” 1946. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Temme J. Over de afbraak van Ca-cyaanamide in den grond. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Veenman; 1946. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525507 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525507 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525507 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525507.
Council of Science Editors:
Temme J. Over de afbraak van Ca-cyaanamide in den grond. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Veenman; 1946. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525507 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525507 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525507 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525507
16.
Marel, van der, H.W.
Bijdrage tot de kennis van de kationen- en anionen-adsorptie van tropische en Nederlandsche gronden.
Degree: 1935, Veenman
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525455
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525455
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525455
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525455
► When percolating a soil with neutral or weakly alkaline normal solutions (pH about 8.3) of different acetates, the order of cation adsorption, Mg>Ca>Ba>Na, follows that…
(more)
▼ When percolating a soil with neutral or weakly alkaline normal solutions (pH about 8.3) of different acetates, the order of cation adsorption, Mg>Ca>Ba>Na, follows that of solubility of the hydroxides. However cation adsorption for NH 4 , K, Ba and Na when percolating thereafter with the chloride solutions are alike. The above constant cation value (in m-equiv./100 g) does not change with repeated exchanges neither does it change when acid or alkaline solutions are used such as 0.05 N HCl, 0.5 N FeCl 3 , 0.5 N AICI 3 , about 0.2 N Ba(OH) 2 . Tropical soils may contain much material inactive or hardly active in cation exchange (quartz, iron-, aluminium hydroxides, silicic acid and kaolinite) which disturb the relation between total surface (particles < 2μ) and cation value. After treating soil with HCl sp.gr. 1.035 for 0.5 h at 55°C, cation value decreases slightly but still remains proportional to the surface of the soil particles. The amount of silica in excess of (or less than) the amount of Fe 2 O 3 + Al 2 O 3 (in m- equiv.) dissolved by HQ sp.gr. 1.035 for 1 h at 55°C and the SiO 2 /Fe 2 O 3 + Al 2 O 3 ) quotient are correlated with the amount of PO4 3-which is fixed from Ca (H 2 P0 4 ) 2 solution. The amount fixed depends also on temperature, duration of the reaction and concentration of the components (soil and Ca (H 2 PO 4 ) 2 solution). Cl -and SO 42-are bound to the soil as iron and aluminium hydroxide compounds which, however, are easily hydrolyzed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, J. Hudig.
Subjects/Keywords: bodem; buffercapaciteit; fixatie; bodemkunde; absorptie; adsorptie; tropen; nederland; Bodemchemie; soil; buffering capacity; fixation; soil science; absorption; adsorption; tropics; netherlands; Soil Chemistry
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APA (6th Edition):
Marel, van der, H. W. (1935). Bijdrage tot de kennis van de kationen- en anionen-adsorptie van tropische en Nederlandsche gronden. (Doctoral Dissertation). Veenman. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525455 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525455 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525455 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525455
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Marel, van der, H W. “Bijdrage tot de kennis van de kationen- en anionen-adsorptie van tropische en Nederlandsche gronden.” 1935. Doctoral Dissertation, Veenman. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525455 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525455 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525455 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525455.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Marel, van der, H W. “Bijdrage tot de kennis van de kationen- en anionen-adsorptie van tropische en Nederlandsche gronden.” 1935. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Marel, van der HW. Bijdrage tot de kennis van de kationen- en anionen-adsorptie van tropische en Nederlandsche gronden. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Veenman; 1935. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525455 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525455 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525455 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525455.
Council of Science Editors:
Marel, van der HW. Bijdrage tot de kennis van de kationen- en anionen-adsorptie van tropische en Nederlandsche gronden. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Veenman; 1935. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525455 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525455 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-525455 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/525455
17.
Dijkstra, J.J.
Development of a consistent geochemical modelling approach for leaching and reactive transport prosesses in contaminated materials.
Degree: 2007, NARCIS
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/354737
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-354737
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-354737
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/354737
► Waste materials often contain increased levels of potentially toxic trace elements compared to natural materials such as soils. In many countries, the recycling of waste…
(more)
▼ Waste materials often contain increased levels of potentially toxic trace elements compared to natural materials such as soils. In many countries, the recycling of waste materials in the environment, such as in construction works, is regulated by environmental criteria that aim to ensure long-term environmental protection. These criteria are increasingly based on the potential "leaching" of contaminants, i.e. the release of contaminants from the solid phase to the water phase with which the material may be in contact (e.g., percolating rainwater). The extent to which contaminants are susceptible for leaching processes depends on many chemical and physical factors, such as the specific chemical form of the contaminant ("chemical speciation") and transport processes such as convection and diffusion. To better understand the environmental risks associated with the application of waste materials in the environment, it is important to gain a fundamental understanding of the underlying speciation and transport processes that control the leaching of contaminants, as well as the fate of these contaminants in soil and groundwater.</span>The complexity of speciation in combination with transport processes (referred to as "reactive transport") make that the identification of the major controlling processes responsible for observed leaching phenomena is generally not straightforward. However, hypotheses with respect to possible involved processes can often be translated in (computer) models that simulate these processes. The verification of predictions made by such models against experimental data may lead to either confirmation or rejection of the underlying hypotheses. The latter may result in modification and/or expansion of the model, until the system is sufficiently understood and adequate model predictions are obtained. Used in this way, models form valuable instruments in the scientific process of gaining knowledge, and contribute to the identification of the dominant processes that control the behaviour of contaminants in the situation under study. Since processes on a molecular scale have a general validity, models of that are based on these processes ("mechanistic" models) are more suitable for these purposes and of a wider applicability than an empirical models. Once a model, based on gained fundamental insights in leaching processes, sufficiently describes observed leaching phenomena under a wide range of conditions, it may be used for different practical purposes. Among these are the quality improvement of (recycled) waste materials with respect to their leaching properties and the development of realistic regulatory limits for the safe application of waste materials in the environment.</span>The aim of this thesis is to develop a generally applicable, mechanistic geochemical modelling approach with which dynamic leaching and reactive transport processes in "contaminated materials" can be predicted. The term "contaminated materials" ultimately refers to any natural or waste material that may potentially release…
Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, Rob Comans, Willem van Riemsdijk.
Subjects/Keywords: geochemie; modellen; uitspoelen; transportprocessen; verontreiniging; bodemverontreiniging; Milieuverontreiniging; Bodemchemie; geochemistry; models; leaching; transport processes; pollution; soil pollution; Environmental Pollution; Soil Chemistry
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Export
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APA (6th Edition):
Dijkstra, J. J. (2007). Development of a consistent geochemical modelling approach for leaching and reactive transport prosesses in contaminated materials. (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/354737 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-354737 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-354737 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/354737
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Dijkstra, J J. “Development of a consistent geochemical modelling approach for leaching and reactive transport prosesses in contaminated materials.” 2007. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/354737 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-354737 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-354737 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/354737.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Dijkstra, J J. “Development of a consistent geochemical modelling approach for leaching and reactive transport prosesses in contaminated materials.” 2007. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Dijkstra JJ. Development of a consistent geochemical modelling approach for leaching and reactive transport prosesses in contaminated materials. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2007. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/354737 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-354737 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-354737 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/354737.
Council of Science Editors:
Dijkstra JJ. Development of a consistent geochemical modelling approach for leaching and reactive transport prosesses in contaminated materials. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2007. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/354737 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-354737 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-354737 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/354737
18.
Erp, van, P.J.
The potentials of multi-nutrient soil extraction with 0.01 M CaCl2 in nutrient management.
Degree: 2002, NARCIS
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/319860
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-319860
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-319860
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/319860
► </hr> Key words: 0.01 M CaCl 2 , soil testing, nutrient management, decision-making, multi-nutrient Aim of this thesis is to improve the understanding of nutrient…
(more)
▼ </hr> Key words: 0.01 M CaCl
2 , soil testing, nutrient management, decision-making, multi-nutrient Aim of this thesis is to improve the understanding of nutrient dynamics in soil and thereby to improve decision-making in nutrient management. There is a need for a more mechanistic approach of decision-making because the classical approaches cannot comply with the tightening up of legislation and boundary conditions for sustainable agricultural production. The thesis encompasses eight separate papers in which the mechanistic backgrounds of the 0.01 M CaCl
2 soil extraction procedure has been studied as well as the perspectives of the design of a multi-nutrient CaCl
2 soil testing program. The studies have been focussed on the cations Ca, Mg and K. Although the use of CaCl
2 as a soil extractant is promising, it is concluded that the design of a multi-nutrient CaCl
2 soil testing program is time-consuming and costly. A framework for decision-making in nutrient management has been worked out. In this framework the multi-nutrient 0.01 M CaCl
2 soil extraction procedure is used as a standardized procedure to give a chemical characterization of soils at a pH and ionic strength comparable to field conditions. This characterization is used as input in a soil chemical model to calculate nutrient speciation and nutrient distribution under varying conditions. This nutrient speciation and distribution is used to characterize the pool of plant available soil nutrient. It is proposed to integrate the CaCl
2 soil extraction procedure with a soil chemical model, a crop growth model, a soil microbiological, a soil hydraulic model and an optimization procedure into a practical tool for nutrient management decision-making. This tool can then be used i) to tune plant nutrient requirements for maximal crop production and crop quality to the magnitude of the pool of plant available soil nutrient in time and space, and ii) to optimize farm activities in order to comply with more and stricter legislation and boundary conditions related to nutrient management. It is concluded that the perspectives of the multi-nutrient CaCl
2 soil extraction procedure in mechanistic soil nutrient models and in nutrient management are promising.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, O. Oenema, M.L. van Beusichem.
Subjects/Keywords: voedingsstoffen; calciumchloride; bodemvruchtbaarheid; bodemchemie; bodemonderzoek; extractie; extraheervloeistoffen; besluitvorming; nutrients; calcium chloride; soil fertility; soil chemistry; soil testing; extraction; extractants; decision making
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Export
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APA (6th Edition):
Erp, van, P. J. (2002). The potentials of multi-nutrient soil extraction with 0.01 M CaCl2 in nutrient management. (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/319860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-319860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-319860 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/319860
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Erp, van, P J. “The potentials of multi-nutrient soil extraction with 0.01 M CaCl2 in nutrient management.” 2002. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/319860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-319860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-319860 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/319860.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Erp, van, P J. “The potentials of multi-nutrient soil extraction with 0.01 M CaCl2 in nutrient management.” 2002. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Erp, van PJ. The potentials of multi-nutrient soil extraction with 0.01 M CaCl2 in nutrient management. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2002. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/319860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-319860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-319860 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/319860.
Council of Science Editors:
Erp, van PJ. The potentials of multi-nutrient soil extraction with 0.01 M CaCl2 in nutrient management. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2002. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/319860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-319860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-319860 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/319860
19.
Wattel-Koekkoek, E.J.W.
Clay-associated organic matter in kaolinitic and smectitic soils.
Degree: 2002, NARCIS
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110996
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110996
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110996
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110996
► The primary source of soil organic matter is plant debris of all kinds, such as dead roots, leaves and branches that enter into the soil…
(more)
▼ The primary source of soil organic matter is plant debris of all kinds, such as dead roots, leaves and branches that enter into the soil and are then biologically decomposed at variable rates. Organic matter has many different important functions on a local and global scale. Soil organic matter is an important source of plant nutrients: when microbes mineralize organic matter, CO
2 and nutrients such as N, P, S, and Ca are released. SOM increases the capacity to adsorb water, and it increases the structural stability of a soil e.g. by forming aggregates with mineral components. Furthermore, forms a major source/sink for atmospheric carbon. The effect of clay
mineralogy on organic matter dynamics has not been studied before. My objective was to study the long-term effect of the structurally different minerals kaolinite and smectite on the decomposition of SOM in natural ecosystems. Smectites are expandible 2:1 layer silicate minerals. The crystal structure of smectite is composed of two tetrahedral silicon-oxide sheets sandwiching one octahedral aluminum-hydroxide sheet. Smectites have a high permanent surface charge, a large surface area, and a high cation exchange capacity (CEC). Kaolinites are 1:1 layer structured alumino-silicates with a low surface area and a low CEC. I studied four aspects: the amount, extractability (as a measure of the binding mechanisms), chemical composition, and mean residence time of soil organic matter in kaolinite and smectite-dominated soils originating from savanna systems in various countries. We employed a C/N analyzer to measure the amount of carbon the clay-size fraction, a sequential extraction method with NaOH and Na
4 P
2 O
7 to test extractability, solid state CPMAS
13C NMR and Pyrolysis-GC/MS to characterize the chemical composition, and by measuring the natural
14C activity to determine the mean residence time. For this study, two sets of soil samples were used. The first set was selected from the collection of the International Soil Reference and Information Center (ISRIC, Wageningen, The Netherlands). It contained 12 soils from seven different countries. Half of the soils had clay-size fractions dominated by kaolinite, the other half were dominated by smectite. The second set of samples was collected in April 1998 by Peter Buurman and myself, west of Montepuez in northern Mozambique. It contained 10 soils, four of which had clay-size fractions dominated by smectite, and six of which were kaolinitic. All soils used were under native savanna vegetation. As most clay minerals are present in the clay-size fraction, I first separated the clay-size fraction of each soil. All organic matter present in the clay-size fraction was defined as
clay-associated SOM. In the ISRIC-soils (chapters 2 and 3), only this clay-associated SOM was studied. A study by scanning electron microscopy indicated that this fraction also included 'free' plant remains. Therefore, in the…
Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, N. van Breemen, P. Buurman.
Subjects/Keywords: zware kleigronden; organisch bodemmateriaal; kleimineralen; kaoliniet; smectieten; bodemchemie; mozambique; clay soils; soil organic matter; clay minerals; kaolinite; smectites; soil chemistry; mozambique
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APA (6th Edition):
Wattel-Koekkoek, E. J. W. (2002). Clay-associated organic matter in kaolinitic and smectitic soils. (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110996 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110996 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110996 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110996
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wattel-Koekkoek, E J W. “Clay-associated organic matter in kaolinitic and smectitic soils.” 2002. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110996 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110996 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110996 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110996.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wattel-Koekkoek, E J W. “Clay-associated organic matter in kaolinitic and smectitic soils.” 2002. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Wattel-Koekkoek EJW. Clay-associated organic matter in kaolinitic and smectitic soils. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2002. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110996 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110996 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110996 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110996.
Council of Science Editors:
Wattel-Koekkoek EJW. Clay-associated organic matter in kaolinitic and smectitic soils. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2002. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110996 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110996 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110996 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110996
20.
Rietra, R.P.J.J.
The relationship between the molecular structure and ion adsorption on goethite.
Degree: 2001, NARCIS
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122221
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122221
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122221
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122221
► Keywords: Ion adsorption modeling, goethite, iron oxide, CD-MUSIC, phosphate, arsenate, vanadate, molybdate, tungstate, sulfate, selenate. A study is presented on the adsorption of inorganic…
(more)
▼ Keywords: Ion adsorption modeling, goethite, iron oxide, CD-MUSIC, phosphate, arsenate, vanadate, molybdate, tungstate, sulfate, selenate. A study is presented on the adsorption of inorganic ions on goethite with emphasis on the adsorption of oxyanions. Experimental results for a range of oxyanions (PO4, AsO4, VO4, WO4, MoO4, CrO4, SeO3, SeO4, SO4, Cl, NO3, ClO4) and Ca are presented and interpreted using the CD-MUSIC model. For some of these ions the coordination and structure of the adsorbed ions on goethite are known from spectroscopy (SO4, SeO4, PO4, AsO4, SeO3). Ideally, surface complexes derived from spectroscopy correspond with those resulting from the modeling of macroscopic adsorption data. This would assure that the mechanistic description of ion binding scales from the microscopic molecular structure to the macroscopic adsorption behavior. In the CD-MUSIC model it is assumed that the charge of the adsorbed ions is distributed at the interface as a function of the coordination and structure of the adsorbed ions and that this distribution of charge can be estimated using the bond valence concept of Pauling. In this study it is found that the macroscopic proton-ion adsorption stoichiometry is almost solely determined by the interfacial charge distribution of adsorbed complexes. It is shown that the experimentally determined proton-ion adsorption stoichiometry can be predicted on the basis of the spectroscopically identified structures of sulfate, selenite, phosphate and arsenate on goethite. By doing so a direct relationship is demonstrated between the molecular structure of adsorbed ions and macroscopic adsorption phenomena. By using this knowledge it is in principle possible to identify the structure and coordination of adsorbed complexes from the macroscopic adsorption data and vice versa. It is found that the spectroscopically suggested differentiation between inner- and outersphere complexes of sulfate and selenate, and the differentiation between bidenate and monodentate phosphate can be modeled satisfactory with the CD-MUSIC approach although the differentiation cannot be established solely from the available adsorption data. It is also found that the proton adsorption on goethite decreases in electrolyte solutions of NaCl, NaNO3 and NaClO4 (below the PZC) in the order Cl>NO3>ClO4 while sulfate and phosphate adsorption is lower in the order Cl<NO3<ClO4. These results can be explained well by assuming outersphere complexes of the electrolyte anions on the goethite surface with different intrinsic affinities.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, W.H. van Riemsdijk.
Subjects/Keywords: goethiet; adsorptie; ionen; moleculaire structuur; Bodemfysica; Bodemchemie; goethite; adsorption; ions; molecular conformation; Soil Physics; Soil Chemistry
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APA (6th Edition):
Rietra, R. P. J. J. (2001). The relationship between the molecular structure and ion adsorption on goethite. (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122221 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122221 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122221 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122221
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rietra, R P J J. “The relationship between the molecular structure and ion adsorption on goethite.” 2001. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122221 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122221 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122221 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122221.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rietra, R P J J. “The relationship between the molecular structure and ion adsorption on goethite.” 2001. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Rietra RPJJ. The relationship between the molecular structure and ion adsorption on goethite. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2001. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122221 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122221 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122221 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122221.
Council of Science Editors:
Rietra RPJJ. The relationship between the molecular structure and ion adsorption on goethite. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2001. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122221 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122221 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122221 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122221
21.
Filius, J.D.
Modeling the adsorption of weak organic acids on goethite : the ligand and charge distribution model.
Degree: 2001, NARCIS
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122219
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122219
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122219
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122219
► A detailed study is presented in which the CD-MUSIC modeling approach is used in a new modeling approach that can describe the binding of…
(more)
▼ A detailed study is presented in which the CD-MUSIC modeling approach is used in a new modeling approach that can describe the binding of large organic molecules by metal (hydr)oxides taking the full speciation of the adsorbed molecule into account. Batch equilibration experiments were performed using the iron (hydr)oxide goethite to determine the adsorption of a series of weak organic acids (e.g. lactic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, phthalic acid, citric acid, and fulvic acid). In order to develop the new modeling approach, the binding of weak organic acids with a well-defined structure and charging behavior is first described using the classical CD-MUSIC model approach. The adsorption can be described accurately with a limited number of surface species, which differ in the degree of protonation and in the number of inner sphere and outer sphere complexes formed between the reactive groups of the organic molecule and the oxide surface. For the formation of inner and outer sphere complexes, a constant distribution of charge over the solid/water interface is assumed. With the same charge distribution for inner and outer sphere complexes, the adsorption of FA is described with the CD-MUSIC model using a small set of discrete surface species. This approach is not fully satisfactory since it does not take the full speciation of the adsorbed weak organic acids into account as can be inferred from spectroscopic data. In order to take the full possible speciation of the adsorbed organic molecule into account, a new model concept was developed. In the ligand and charge distribution (LCD) model concept, the number of inner sphere, outer sphere and proton complexes of the reactive groups of one adsorbed organic molecule is calculated using the NICCA equation. From the resulting speciation of the adsorbed molecule, the main input parameters of the CD-MUSIC model are obtained. The new model concept is successfully tested on the adsorption and infrared data of benzenecarboxylic acid adsorption on goethite by Boily et al. (2000a,b). The LCD model was extended for the surface complexation of the phenolic groups in order to describe the previously determined data of FA adsorption by goethite. Simultaneously, the concentration, pH, and salt dependency of the FA adsorption are described well. Furthermore, the co-adsorption of protons upon the adsorption of FA by goethite is predicted accurately. The developed model approach offers new insights in the fundamental understanding of ion adsorption under natural conditions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, W.H. Van Riemsdijk, J.C.L. Meeussen.
Subjects/Keywords: organische zuren; goethiet; adsorptie; biologische beschikbaarheid; transportprocessen; Bodemchemie; organic acids; goethite; adsorption; bioavailability; transport processes; Soil Chemistry
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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APA (6th Edition):
Filius, J. D. (2001). Modeling the adsorption of weak organic acids on goethite : the ligand and charge distribution model. (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122219 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122219 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122219 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122219
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Filius, J D. “Modeling the adsorption of weak organic acids on goethite : the ligand and charge distribution model.” 2001. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122219 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122219 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122219 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122219.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Filius, J D. “Modeling the adsorption of weak organic acids on goethite : the ligand and charge distribution model.” 2001. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Filius JD. Modeling the adsorption of weak organic acids on goethite : the ligand and charge distribution model. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2001. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122219 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122219 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122219 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122219.
Council of Science Editors:
Filius JD. Modeling the adsorption of weak organic acids on goethite : the ligand and charge distribution model. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2001. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122219 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122219 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122219 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122219
22.
Kelleners, T.J.
Effluent salinity of pipe drains and tube-wells : a case study from the Indus plain.
Degree: 2001, NARCIS
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/120035
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-120035
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-120035
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/120035
► Keywords: anisotropy, aquifer, desalinization, effluent salinity, groundwater, irrigation, salt-water upconing, soil salinity, stream-function, subsurface drainage Irrigated agriculture in arid and semi-arid zones often suffers…
(more)
▼ Keywords: anisotropy, aquifer, desalinization, effluent salinity, groundwater, irrigation, salt-water upconing, soil salinity, stream-function, subsurface drainage Irrigated agriculture in arid and semi-arid zones often suffers from waterlogging and salinity problems. Sub-surface drainage systems can be used to control the groundwater table and to facilitate the leaching of salts from the rootzone. In the Indus plain, pipe drains and tube-wells are used for this purpose. Regional water management requires that the development of the effluent salinity with time of these systems is known in advance. Numerical models based on the Darcy equation and the mass balance equation for water flow and the advection-dispersion equation for solute transport are powerful tools to predict the effluent salinity of pipe drains and tube-wells at field level. In advection-dominated transport problems, however, solute impulse response functions based on stream-functions constitute a more computationally efficient approach. A new modelling approach is presented that combines the one-dimensional vertical finite-difference SWAP model for the variably saturated zone with a solute impulse response function for the saturated zone. This approach is applied to the Sampla experimental pipe drainage site in Haryana, India, the S-I-B-9 pipe drainage unit of the Fourth Drainage Project, Punjab, Pakistan and the Satiana tube-well Pilot Project, Punjab, Pakistan. Results show that the effluent salinity of pipe drains and tube-wells changes only gradually with time due to the low percolation from the irrigated fields and due to the large quantities of salts stored in the groundwater. Areas with relatively high percolation and a shallow depth of the impermeable layer (pipe drains at Sampla) still require 10 years before the effluent salinity has reduced to equilibrium levels. In contrast, desalinization of the rootzone generally takes only 1-3 years. The implication is that farmers will benefit quickly from the installation of a drainage system. However, for the safe use and disposal of the effluent, long term solutions are required. In the Indus plain, groundwater salinity usually increases with depth. In water scarce areas, the shallow fresh groundwater may be an important source of irrigation water. In waterlogged areas, where sub-surface drainage is installed to control the groundwater table, the presence of fresh groundwater bodies may result in a relatively low effluent salinity. The finite-element model SUTRA is used to study the behaviour of skimming wells and pipe drains in fresh-saline groundwater systems. The model is calibrated on two documented experiments with a skimming well and a scavenger well at Phularwan research farm, Punjab, Pakistan. Salt water upconing below the skimming well is particularly sensitive to the anisotropy factor of the aquifer. The relationship between aquifer anisotropy and the Electrical Conductivity (
EC ) of the pumped water is non-linear. The skimming well simulations show that…
Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, R.A. Feddes, T.M. Boers, J.C. van Dam.
Subjects/Keywords: ondergrondse drainage; drainage; welpijpen; bodemchemie; zoutgehalte; irrigatie; modellen; pakistan; subsurface drainage; drainage; tube wells; soil chemistry; salinity; irrigation; models; pakistan
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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APA (6th Edition):
Kelleners, T. J. (2001). Effluent salinity of pipe drains and tube-wells : a case study from the Indus plain. (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/120035 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-120035 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-120035 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/120035
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kelleners, T J. “Effluent salinity of pipe drains and tube-wells : a case study from the Indus plain.” 2001. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/120035 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-120035 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-120035 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/120035.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kelleners, T J. “Effluent salinity of pipe drains and tube-wells : a case study from the Indus plain.” 2001. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Kelleners TJ. Effluent salinity of pipe drains and tube-wells : a case study from the Indus plain. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2001. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/120035 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-120035 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-120035 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/120035.
Council of Science Editors:
Kelleners TJ. Effluent salinity of pipe drains and tube-wells : a case study from the Indus plain. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2001. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/120035 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-120035 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-120035 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/120035
23.
Cuypers, C.
Bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils and sediments: prediction of bioavailability and characterization of organic matter domains.
Degree: 2001, NARCIS
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110508
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110508
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110508
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110508
► Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitute a group of priority pollutants which are of increasing environmental concern because of their adverse effects on humans, animals, and…
(more)
▼ Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitute a group of priority pollutants which are of increasing environmental concern because of their adverse effects on humans, animals, and plants. Soils and sediments generally serve as a sink for PAHs, which leads to the accumulation of PAHs at contaminated sites. In the last decade, bioremediation has been frequently used for the clean-up of such contaminated sites. However, despite the common use and cost-effectiveness of bioremediation, it is generally observed that a residual fraction remains undegraded even when optimal biodegradation conditions have been provided. In many cases the recalcitrance of this residual fraction is caused by a limited bioavailability of PAHs. The present thesis focuses on the development of simple and rapid laboratory methods for the prediction of PAH bioavailability. As an integrated part of this study, it was aimed to expand the current knowledge on the structure of amorphous and condensed soil/sediment organic matter (SOM) domains. It is believed that PAHs sorbed in amorphous domains are readily bioavailable, while PAHs sorbed in condensed domains are poorly bioavailable. Three different methods were investigated for the prediction of PAH bioavailability: persulfate oxidation, cyclodextrin extraction, and surfactant extraction. Persulfate oxidation appeared to be a good and rapid method for the prediction of PAH bioavailability. It was demonstrated that a 3 hour oxidation at 70
o C was sufficient for the removal of all bioavailable PAHs. The oxidation method was successfully validated in a study with 14 historically contaminated soil and sediment samples. Cyclodextrin extraction and surfactant extraction were investigated in a study with two sediment samples, using hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin and Triton X-100 (surfactant) as model compounds. It was demonstrated that hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin extracted primarily readily bioavailable PAHs, while Triton X-100 extracted both readily and poorly bioavailable PAHs. Moreover, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin did not affect the biodegradation of PAHs, while Triton X-100 enhanced the degradation of low molecular weight PAHs. Altogether, it may be concluded that persulfate oxidation currently provides the most rapid validated method for the prediction of PAH bioavailability in soils and sediments. To study the composition of amorphous and condensed SOM domains, two different approaches were followed: (i) samples were subjected to persulfate oxidation to remove amorphous SOM, before and after which the composition of SOM was studied by thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis-GC/MS, and CPMAS 13C-NMR; (ii) samples were split in two parts, one part was bioremediated to remove bioavailable PAHs, and both the bioremediated and non-bioremediated part were subjected to 9 different chemical treatments with a known effect on SOM structure. Before and after chemical treatment PAH concentrations and PAH bioavailability were measured. The two approaches led to the following general conclusions on the…
Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, W.H. Rulkens, J.T.C. Grotenhuis.
Subjects/Keywords: polycyclische koolwaterstoffen; biologische beschikbaarheid; organisch bodemmateriaal; waterbodems; Bodemverontreiniging; Bodemchemie; polycyclic hydrocarbons; bioavailability; soil organic matter; water bottoms; Soil Pollution; Soil Chemistry
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Cuypers, C. (2001). Bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils and sediments: prediction of bioavailability and characterization of organic matter domains. (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110508 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110508 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110508 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110508
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Cuypers, C. “Bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils and sediments: prediction of bioavailability and characterization of organic matter domains.” 2001. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110508 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110508 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110508 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110508.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Cuypers, C. “Bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils and sediments: prediction of bioavailability and characterization of organic matter domains.” 2001. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Cuypers C. Bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils and sediments: prediction of bioavailability and characterization of organic matter domains. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2001. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110508 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110508 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110508 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110508.
Council of Science Editors:
Cuypers C. Bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils and sediments: prediction of bioavailability and characterization of organic matter domains. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2001. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110508 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110508 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-110508 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/110508
24.
Segers, R.
Wetland methane fluxes : upscaling from kinetics via a single root and a soil layer to the plot.
Degree: 1999, Agricultural University
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/63050
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-63050
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-63050
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/63050
► The aim of this thesis was to increase the understanding of plot scale relations between CH 4 fluxes and environmental variables in wetlands. Theories of…
(more)
▼ The aim of this thesis was to increase the understanding of plot scale relations between CH
4 fluxes and environmental variables in wetlands. Theories of microbial and chemical conversions were taken as starting point, as a literature review showed that it is hard to relate methane production and oxidation directly to environmental variables. These theories only apply under homogeneous conditions at the kinetic scale (here about 1 mm) and were linked to plot scale CH
4 fluxes by stepwise scaling up. At the kinetic scale a CH
4 production model was developed, comprising anaerobic C-mineralisation, electron acceptor reduction, methanogenesis and methanogenic growth, of which the last process is probably not important in wetland soil. Application of this model to anaerobic incubation experiments with peat soil suggested that organic peat may act as terminal electron acceptor, using a substantial amount of anaerobically mineralised C. At the single root scale CH
4 dynamics were explained with coupled reaction-diffusion equations for CH
4 , oxygen (O
2 ), molecular nitrogen, carbon dioxide and an electron acceptor in oxidised and reduced form. Included conversions were: aerobic respiration, C-mineralisation, CH
4 production and oxidation, electron acceptor reduction and re-oxidation. Root gas transport was described with first order gas exchange over the root surface. Bubble formation was modelled with simultaneous liquid-gas equilibria of all gases and bubble export with a descriptive relation with bubble volume. The model was simplified by assuming quasi steady-state for O
2 and by spatially averaging the other compounds. These simplifications had little effect on simulated CH
4 dynamics and therefore the simplified model was used at the next higher level. At the soil layer scale the CH
4 dynamics were calculated with a weighed set of single root systems with different distances to the next root. These weights were calculated from the root architecture, conserving the probability density function of the distance to the nearest root. The model was simplified by averaging over the single root systems. This had some effect onCH
4 production and CH
4 transport, but little on CH
4 emissions. At the plot scale, temporal water unsaturation was accounted for with Richards' equation. The soil layer models were extended to the plot scale by incorporating vertical transport of the compounds by diffusion and mass flow. SimulatedCH
4 fluxes were of the same order of magnitude as measured fluxes. They were sensitive to several uncertain parameters, indicating that predictive process modelling of CH
4 fluxes is not possible yet. Heterogeneities within a soil layer seem to be less important than heterogeneities between soil layers. This may be explained by a weaker effect on the OO
2 input into the soil. CH
4 fluxes result from…
Advisors/Committee Members: R. Rabbinge, P.A. Leffelaar.
Subjects/Keywords: methaan; methaanproductie; mineralisatie; dynamica; wetlands; milieufactoren; bodemchemie; modellen; methane; methane production; mineralization; dynamics; wetlands; environmental factors; soil chemistry; models
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APA ·
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CSE |
Export
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APA (6th Edition):
Segers, R. (1999). Wetland methane fluxes : upscaling from kinetics via a single root and a soil layer to the plot. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/63050 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-63050 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-63050 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/63050
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Segers, R. “Wetland methane fluxes : upscaling from kinetics via a single root and a soil layer to the plot.” 1999. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/63050 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-63050 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-63050 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/63050.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Segers, R. “Wetland methane fluxes : upscaling from kinetics via a single root and a soil layer to the plot.” 1999. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Segers R. Wetland methane fluxes : upscaling from kinetics via a single root and a soil layer to the plot. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1999. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/63050 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-63050 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-63050 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/63050.
Council of Science Editors:
Segers R. Wetland methane fluxes : upscaling from kinetics via a single root and a soil layer to the plot. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1999. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/63050 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-63050 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-63050 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/63050
25.
Verburg, P.S.J.
Organic matter dynamics in a forest soil as affected by climate change.
Degree: 1998, Agricultural University
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/42902
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-42902
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-42902
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/42902
► Large amounts of carbon are stored in boreal soils as soil organic matter. Aim of the research presented in this thesis was to quantify…
(more)
▼ Large amounts of carbon are stored in boreal soils as soil organic matter. Aim of the research presented in this thesis was to quantify the effects of climate change on decomposition soil organic matter in a boreal forest ecosystem by means of field and laboratory experiments. Field experiments were carried out within the framework of the Climate Change Experiment (CLIMEX). In this project in two covered catchments in southern Norway CO
2 concentration and/or temperature were increased. An increase in temperature resulted in a higher N availability caused by increased mineralization of N. Part of the extra N was taken up by the vegetation whereas export of N in runoff increased as well. Appearantly, at least initially, the higher N availability exceeded the N demand by the vegetation. Laboratory incubations of different soil layers showed that the effect of elevated temperature on decomposition decreased with increasing depth in the soil presumably due to a decrease in substrate quality. A
14C labeling experiment in growth chambers showed that, at elevated CO
2 , more C was fixed in a plant-soil system with heather. An increase in CO
2 concentration did not change allocation to shoot, root or soil. When N supplies increased, relatively more C was fixed in shoots at the expense of roots. On the short term (days) decomposition of labile, root-derived organic matter was stimulated both by elevated CO
2 and elevated N. On the longer term, (weeks) respiration from high-CO
2 soils was lower than that of low-CO
2 soils. Simulations with the NICCCE model showed that, under normal light conditions, the forest ecosystem acts as a sink for C in the next 100 years. Especially under low light conditions, a step increase in CO
2 and temperature causes the ecosystem to become a source for C. When CO
2 and temperature are increased gradually, the ecosystem becomes a small sink for C.
Advisors/Committee Members: N. van Breemen.
Subjects/Keywords: bosgronden; dynamica; klimaatverandering; organisch bodemmateriaal; Bodemchemie; forest soils; soil organic matter; dynamics; climatic change; Soil Chemistry
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APA (6th Edition):
Verburg, P. S. J. (1998). Organic matter dynamics in a forest soil as affected by climate change. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/42902 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-42902 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-42902 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/42902
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Verburg, P S J. “Organic matter dynamics in a forest soil as affected by climate change.” 1998. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/42902 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-42902 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-42902 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/42902.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Verburg, P S J. “Organic matter dynamics in a forest soil as affected by climate change.” 1998. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Verburg PSJ. Organic matter dynamics in a forest soil as affected by climate change. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1998. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/42902 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-42902 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-42902 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/42902.
Council of Science Editors:
Verburg PSJ. Organic matter dynamics in a forest soil as affected by climate change. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1998. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/42902 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-42902 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-42902 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/42902
26.
Venema, P.
Charging and ion adsorption behaviour of different iron (hydr)oxides.
Degree: 1997, Agricultural University
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39043
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39043
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39043
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39043
► Metal (hydr)oxides are of importance for many soil systems. All metal (hydr)oxides have a surface charge that varies with the pH. The variation in…
(more)
▼ Metal (hydr)oxides are of importance for many soil systems. All metal (hydr)oxides have a surface charge that varies with the pH. The variation in this surface charge is caused by adsorption and desorption of protons. The adsorption of cat- and anions on the metal (hydr)oxide surface is strongly influenced by their variable surface charge. The description of the charging behaviour of metal (hydr)oxides should therefore always be the starting point for modeling. For the modeling of the chemical adsorption behaviour of metal (hydr)oxide surfaces, many different models are available. Five of these models were compared in their ability to describe an extended data set of cadmium adsorption on goethite (iron oxyhydroxide). None of the models could describe all data simultaneously. The best results were obtained with a surface complexation model, based on the MUlti SIte Complexation MUSIC approach of Hiemstra and van Riemsdijk. A combination of a new interface model and the MUSIC model, the charge distribution (CD) MUSIC model is used for the description of cadmium adsorption on goethite. The CD- MUSIC mode I could give a good simultaneous description of an extended data set for cadmium adsorption on goethite. The same model, with adapted parameters, could describe extended adsorption data sets for adsorption on goethite in a system with only cadmium, phosphate and a mixture of these two ions. The MUSIC model predicts proton affinities for individual surface groups of metal- (hydr)oxides. A refinement of the MUSIC model shows that the prediction of the proton affinities of both dissolved and surface groups can be understood in one theoretical framework. The application of the refined MUSIC model to different iron (hydr)oxides shows that the model can predict the charging behaviour very well. For a good prediction of the charging behaviour, the crystal structure and morphology of the oxide must be well known. Finaly, a comparison is made of the charging behaviour and the cadmium and phosphate adsorption for three different goethites, lepidocrocite and hematite. The differences between the chemical behaviour of the different goethites could be modelled well with parameters which were consistent with the refined MUSIC model. The modelling of the behaviour of lepidocrocite and hematite was more problematic because the crystal morphologies were less well known.
Advisors/Committee Members: W.H. van Riemsdijk.
Subjects/Keywords: bodemchemie; anorganische verbindingen; mineralen; adsorptie; sorptie; ijzer; Bodemfysica; soil chemistry; inorganic compounds; minerals; adsorption; sorption; iron; Soil Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Venema, P. (1997). Charging and ion adsorption behaviour of different iron (hydr)oxides. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39043 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39043 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39043 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39043
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Venema, P. “Charging and ion adsorption behaviour of different iron (hydr)oxides.” 1997. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39043 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39043 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39043 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39043.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Venema, P. “Charging and ion adsorption behaviour of different iron (hydr)oxides.” 1997. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Venema P. Charging and ion adsorption behaviour of different iron (hydr)oxides. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1997. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39043 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39043 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39043 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39043.
Council of Science Editors:
Venema P. Charging and ion adsorption behaviour of different iron (hydr)oxides. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1997. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39043 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39043 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39043 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39043
27.
Eijk, van der, D.
Phosphate fixation and the response of maize to fertilizer phosphate in Kenyan soils.
Degree: 1997, Agricultural University
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39020
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39020
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39020
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39020
► In tropical soils, plant growth is often limited by a low P availability. In addition, these soils often have high P-fixation capacities due to high…
(more)
▼ In tropical soils, plant growth is often limited by a low P availability. In addition, these soils often have high P-fixation capacities due to high amounts of iron and aluminum oxyhydroxides. Furthermore, small-scale farming systems in which subsistence crops are produced for local markets are common in the tropics. Such conditions exit in South West Kenya, in the Kish area, where this study was carried out. The overall aim of the study was to improve our understanding of fertilizer P - soil - maize crop interactions and, thereby, to increase the yield response and improve the P recovery and utilization in plants. Initial and residual yield responses to fertilizer P applications; P uptake in plants, as well as P distribution and utilization within the plants; apparent fertilizer P recovery; and dissolution, transport and sorption of fertilizer P in the soils were studied under field conditions during three successive growing seasons. This was done within the concept of the low-input strategy, whereby the high-input strategy was used as a reference. The soils were classified as Ultisols and Mollisols, or as Nitisols and Luvic Phaeozems. They were low in available native P (P-Olsen 1.6 to 3.2 mg/kg) and had medium to high P sorption capacities (445 to 870 mg/kg) measured under laboratory conditions. Total P ranged from 490 to 1,035 mg/kg. Triple superphosphate was used as P fertilizer and hybrid maize as test crop. Good initial and residual yield responses were found in all soils even at low P application rates. The concept of P-fixation, as defined in this study, was not appropriate for the soils in the Kisii area. The second 'slow' phase of the fixation process was shown to proceed at a very slow rate under field conditions. Thus, P fixation is much less of a problem for farmers than expected. When P limited grain yield, the relationship between grain yield (z) and P in plant (y) could be described by the equation: z=620(y-0.50). The efficiency of utilization increased with P application to about 550 kg/kg at P rates of 22 to 131 kg/ha and decreased at higher rates due to a luxurious P uptake. Granular fertilizer residues with P in the form of Fluorapatite, Brushite and an amorphous P compound could be recovered in the soil until the end of the trials, about 600 days after application. Fertilizer P was retained in the soil immediately surrounding the residual fertilizer granules to total P values up to>8,000 mg/kg, which was much higher than predicted from the P-sorption studies in the laboratory. Available P levels (P-Olsen) in the P-enriched soil volume were high, up to>800 mg/kg. The available fertilizer P fraction (ΔP-Olsen/ΔP total) remained fairly constant with time. It was suggested that the number of roots, i.e. root surface area, present in the small P-enriched volume was the limiting factor in fertilizer P uptake. As a result, the apparent P recoveries per crop were low. They were about 10 % each growing season at a P rate of 22 kg/ha. Subseed placement at the start of each growing season is…
Advisors/Committee Members: O. Oenema, B.H. Janssen.
Subjects/Keywords: bodem; fosfaat; zea mays; maïs; fosformeststoffen; kenya; Bodemchemie; soil; phosphate; zea mays; maize; phosphorus fertilizers; kenya; Soil Chemistry
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APA (6th Edition):
Eijk, van der, D. (1997). Phosphate fixation and the response of maize to fertilizer phosphate in Kenyan soils. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39020 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39020 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39020 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39020
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Eijk, van der, D. “Phosphate fixation and the response of maize to fertilizer phosphate in Kenyan soils.” 1997. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39020 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39020 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39020 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39020.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Eijk, van der, D. “Phosphate fixation and the response of maize to fertilizer phosphate in Kenyan soils.” 1997. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Eijk, van der D. Phosphate fixation and the response of maize to fertilizer phosphate in Kenyan soils. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1997. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39020 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39020 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39020 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39020.
Council of Science Editors:
Eijk, van der D. Phosphate fixation and the response of maize to fertilizer phosphate in Kenyan soils. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1997. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39020 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39020 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39020 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39020
28.
Le, Q.M.
Integrated soil and water management in acid sulphate soils : balancing agricultural production and environmental requirements in the Mekong Delta, Viet Nam.
Degree: 1996, Agricultural University
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/34833
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-34833
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-34833
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/34833
► The objectives of this study in the Mekong delta, Vietnam, were: (1) to obtain a better understanding of the effects of soil physical properties…
(more)
▼ The objectives of this study in the Mekong delta, Vietnam, were: (1) to obtain a better understanding of the effects of soil physical properties and flow types on solute transport in ASS emphasing aluminum; (2) to quantify environmental hazards resulting from amelioration activities in acid sulphate soils (ASS); and (3) to identify measures which can increase agricultural production and reduce negative environmental side effects. This study was conducted on ASS in the Mekong delta, Vietnam and consisted of 5 experiments starting in the dry season and ending at the end of the flood season. All experiments were carried out under field conditions. Transport of soluble aluminum was investigated for different types of water flow, which are typical for each season such as capillary rise, bypass flow and runoff. During the dry season, soluble aluminum was accumulated in topsoil layers by capillary rise. Effects of land management methods on accumulation of aluminum was the main focus in this period: Plowing (P1) and mulching (Ml), compared with non-plowing (P0) and non-mulching (M0). Experiments were conducted in lysimeters, and under field conditions. In both experiments, topsoils were treated with P1M1, P1M0, P0M1, and P0M0. Three levels of ground water (GWL: 30, 60, and 90 cm below the ground surface) were maintained in the undisturbed soil columns in the lysimeters. Aluminum accumulation increased with increased evaporation. Under field conditions, where ground water levels were monitored but not controlled, mulching treatments gave a significantly lower aluminum accumulation as compared with the non-mulching treatments, whereas plowing did not result in a significant decrease of this accumulation. Rainfall during the first 3 weeks of the rainy season caused the ground water to rise rapidly while its aluminum concentration increased. This increased the soluble aluminum concentrations in the topsoils and eliminated the leaching effects of earlier land management practices. During the rainy season, the study was focused on aluminum transport with bypass flow and runoff in and on raised beds, which are constructed by soil materials excavated from adjacent lateral ditches with the objective to avoid flooding and to enhance leaching of soil. This is a very common technique to grow upland crops in ASS. Therefore, a better understanding of leaching processes in raised beds is needed to properly assess management options for ASS. Three types of raised beds, which are commonly constructed in the Mekong delta, were studied. In the low raised beds only topsoil material was used to construct the bed. In the high type both top soil and the jarosite layer were used. In the "traditional" raised beds, pyritic material was also found on top of the beds. The amount of runoff increased with cumulative rainfall due to a decrease of infiltration rates and saturated hydraulic conductivities. Due to surface crusting, traditional beds gave the highest runoff amounts among the three types. Concentrations of aluminum in bypass flow…
Advisors/Committee Members: J. Bouma, T.P. Tuong.
Subjects/Keywords: zure gronden; kattekleigronden; grondwaterspiegel; bodem; uitspoelen; aluminium; Bodemchemie; acid soils; acid sulfate soils; water table; soil; leaching; aluminium; Soil Chemistry
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APA (6th Edition):
Le, Q. M. (1996). Integrated soil and water management in acid sulphate soils : balancing agricultural production and environmental requirements in the Mekong Delta, Viet Nam. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/34833 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-34833 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-34833 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/34833
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Le, Q M. “Integrated soil and water management in acid sulphate soils : balancing agricultural production and environmental requirements in the Mekong Delta, Viet Nam.” 1996. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/34833 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-34833 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-34833 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/34833.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Le, Q M. “Integrated soil and water management in acid sulphate soils : balancing agricultural production and environmental requirements in the Mekong Delta, Viet Nam.” 1996. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Le QM. Integrated soil and water management in acid sulphate soils : balancing agricultural production and environmental requirements in the Mekong Delta, Viet Nam. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1996. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/34833 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-34833 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-34833 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/34833.
Council of Science Editors:
Le QM. Integrated soil and water management in acid sulphate soils : balancing agricultural production and environmental requirements in the Mekong Delta, Viet Nam. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1996. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/34833 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-34833 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-34833 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/34833
29.
Vergouwen, L.
Salt minerals and waters from soils in Konya [Turkey] and Kenya.
Degree: 1981, Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/74950
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-74950
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-74950
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/74950
► This study deals with the relation between the mineralogical composition of salt assemblages and the composition of groundwaters from which these salts precipitated. A comparison…
(more)
▼ This study deals with the relation between the mineralogical composition of salt assemblages and the composition of groundwaters from which these salts precipitated. A comparison was made between salts and waters sampled in the Konya Basin in Turkey and waters sampled in three different regions in Kenya.<p/>The chemical composition of waters from rivers entering the Konya Basin is different from the composition of those from rivers in Kenya. The initial composition of these rivers determines the type of minerals that will precipitate during evaporation of these river waters. The ratio of calcium to carbonate at the moment the solution becomes saturated with respect to calcite, usually the first mineral to precipitate, determines whether the final solution will become carbonate-rich or carbonate-poor. The ratio of magnesium to silica and the ratio of calcium to sulphate at the moment the solution becomes saturated with respect to sepiolite and gypsum respectively, determine the magnesium and sulphate content of the final solution. In this way six different types of concentrated brines originate and six different types of salt assemblages precipitate from these brines during evaporation.<p/>The concentrated waters and the salt assemblages in the Konya Basin belong mainly to the Na-Mg-SO
4 -Cl-type. The evolution of the groundwater composition and the type of minerals which precipitated from these groundwaters can be explained by assuming successive precipitation of calcite, sepiolite and gypsum.<p/>The concentrated waters and the salt assemblages from Kenya belong mainly to the Na-CO
3 -SO
4 -Cl-type. The behaviour of the dissolved species and the type of salt minerals can be explained by assuming calcite and sepiolite precipitation only.<p/>The crystallographic properties of some salt minerals were determined by means of X-ray diffraction analysis and the morphological properties by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The presence of halite causes a salt crust to become dense and sealing. The porosity of a salt crust increases when bloedite or trona is present.<p/>Prediction of the sequence of salt minerals which will precipitate from a concentrated solution requires an accurate knowledge of the thermodynamic properties of concentrated electrolyte solutions. Unfortunately, these properties are still unknown for carbonate-rich solutions. Only recently a theory was developed for carbonate-poor solutions.<p/>The watersamples were evaporated in the laboratory in evaporating dishes under ambient conditions. The mineralogical composition of the precipitates was compared with the assemblages that occur in the field.<p/>The carbonate-containing salt assemblages both from the field and from the laboratory experiments were investigated by means of log PCO
2 - log aH
2 O diagrams. It appeared that neither the field nor the laboratory salt assemblages were in…
Advisors/Committee Members: L. van der Plas.
Subjects/Keywords: bodemzoutgehalte; bodemzouten; verbetering; alkaligronden; kenya; turkije; Bodemchemie; soil salinity; salts in soil; improvement; alkaline soils; kenya; turkey; Soil Chemistry
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APA (6th Edition):
Vergouwen, L. (1981). Salt minerals and waters from soils in Konya [Turkey] and Kenya. (Doctoral Dissertation). Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/74950 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-74950 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-74950 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/74950
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Vergouwen, L. “Salt minerals and waters from soils in Konya [Turkey] and Kenya.” 1981. Doctoral Dissertation, Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/74950 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-74950 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-74950 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/74950.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Vergouwen, L. “Salt minerals and waters from soils in Konya [Turkey] and Kenya.” 1981. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Vergouwen L. Salt minerals and waters from soils in Konya [Turkey] and Kenya. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen; 1981. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/74950 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-74950 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-74950 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/74950.
Council of Science Editors:
Vergouwen L. Salt minerals and waters from soils in Konya [Turkey] and Kenya. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen; 1981. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/74950 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-74950 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-74950 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/74950
30.
Riemsdijk, van, W.H.
Reaction mechanisms of phosphate with Al(OH)3 and a sandy soil.
Degree: 1979, Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen
URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/72996
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-72996
;
urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-72996
;
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/72996
► Al(OH) 3 is a very effective sorbent for orthophosphate especially at low pH. At low phosphate concentration c p , phosphate is adsorbed by an…
(more)
▼ Al(OH)
3 is a very effective sorbent for orthophosphate especially at low pH. At low phosphate concentration c
p , phosphate is adsorbed by an exchange mechanism with singly coordinated OH(H) groups residing on the surface of the Al(OH)
3 . In chapters 2 and 3 experiments are described using a well defined gibbsite (crystalline Al(OH)
3 ) as sorbent. A rate equation is selected that describes the adsorption reaction for a fractional coverage (amount adsorbed/maximum adsorption capacity) between 0.5 and 1.0. At intermediate and high c
p values the sorption can easily exceed the maximum exchange-adsorption capacity. The maximum adsorption capacity of the gibbsite used was estimated with the help of shadowed electron micrographs. The sorption beyond the exchange adsorption maximum is identified as a precipitation process, i.e. it only occurs in supersaturated system . The rate of this precipitation reaction is shown to increase with increasing supersaturation and to decrease with in creasing amounts sorbed. Evidence is presented that indicates that the decrease of the reaction rate with increasing sorption is caused by the formation of coatings of a (K)-Al-phosphate on the gibbsite particles. The activation energy of this reaction is determined. The ratio of the OH that is produced during this sorption reaction and the phosphate sorption is found to be independent of the extent of the reaction, for certain reaction conditions. A so called phosphato-stat (c
p -stat) has been constructed that provides for both a constant pH and c
p during the sorption reaction. The amount precipitated is found proportional with the square root of reaction time for the condition of constant supersaturation. The relative contribution of precitation and adsorption has been calculated as a function of c
p and reaction time. It is furthermore shown that the nature and concentration of the accompanying cation has an effect on the precipitation rate (constant total electrolyte concentration). In chapter 4 experiments are described using X-ray amorphous Al(OH)
3 and αAl
2 O
3 as sorbent. A pure phosphate solution and a so called inorganic synthetic sewage water medium are used as electrolyte solution. There is sow effect of the electrolyte medium on the sorption rate as expected. The gene ral characteristics of the sorption reaction described in this chapter are similar to the results as found with gibbsite; in the initial stage of the reaction adsorption is the dominant reaction mechanism, whereas precipitation dominates the kinetics for longer reaction times. In chapter 5 experiments are described that make use of columns either filled with quartz sand or quartz sand mixed with X-ray amorphous Al(OH)
3 . Raw domestic sewage water (pH ≈8) was added to the columns once every two weeks during 10 months. It is shown that the sorption of phosphate from sewage water in the Al-containing column is…
Advisors/Committee Members: J. Lyklema, F.A.M. de Haan.
Subjects/Keywords: zandgronden; fosfaat; absorptie; adsorptie; aluminiumhydroxide; reactiemechanisme; Bodemchemie; sandy soils; phosphate; absorption; adsorption; aluminium hydroxide; reaction mechanism; Soil Chemistry
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APA (6th Edition):
Riemsdijk, van, W. H. (1979). Reaction mechanisms of phosphate with Al(OH)3 and a sandy soil. (Doctoral Dissertation). Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/72996 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-72996 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-72996 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/72996
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Riemsdijk, van, W H. “Reaction mechanisms of phosphate with Al(OH)3 and a sandy soil.” 1979. Doctoral Dissertation, Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen. Accessed December 10, 2019.
http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/72996 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-72996 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-72996 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/72996.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Riemsdijk, van, W H. “Reaction mechanisms of phosphate with Al(OH)3 and a sandy soil.” 1979. Web. 10 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Riemsdijk, van WH. Reaction mechanisms of phosphate with Al(OH)3 and a sandy soil. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen; 1979. [cited 2019 Dec 10].
Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/72996 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-72996 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-72996 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/72996.
Council of Science Editors:
Riemsdijk, van WH. Reaction mechanisms of phosphate with Al(OH)3 and a sandy soil. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen; 1979. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/72996 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-72996 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-72996 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/72996
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