subject:(black cottonwood)

1. Jakob Wayne Robertson 1989-. An Assessment on the Cultivation of Black Cottonwood Cuttings in Nootka Lupine Fields in Conjunction with Site Preparation .

Degree: 2018, Agricultural University of Iceland

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1946/30699

► In Iceland, fields of Nootka lupine that were originally created for ecosystem rehabilitation can be utilized for afforestation purposes, provided that suitable plantation establishment methods… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Nootka lupine; Black Cottonwood

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APA (6^th Edition):

1989-, J. W. R. (2018). An Assessment on the Cultivation of Black Cottonwood Cuttings in Nootka Lupine Fields in Conjunction with Site Preparation . (Thesis). Agricultural University of Iceland. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1946/30699

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

1989-, Jakob Wayne Robertson. “An Assessment on the Cultivation of Black Cottonwood Cuttings in Nootka Lupine Fields in Conjunction with Site Preparation .” 2018. Thesis, Agricultural University of Iceland. Accessed April 10, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1946/30699.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

1989-, Jakob Wayne Robertson. “An Assessment on the Cultivation of Black Cottonwood Cuttings in Nootka Lupine Fields in Conjunction with Site Preparation .” 2018. Web. 10 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

1989- JWR. An Assessment on the Cultivation of Black Cottonwood Cuttings in Nootka Lupine Fields in Conjunction with Site Preparation . [Internet] [Thesis]. Agricultural University of Iceland; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 10]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1946/30699.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

1989- JWR. An Assessment on the Cultivation of Black Cottonwood Cuttings in Nootka Lupine Fields in Conjunction with Site Preparation . [Thesis]. Agricultural University of Iceland; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1946/30699

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oregon State University

2. Hines, Cynthia A. Evaluating the restoration potential of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) from multiple scales of observation, Grande Ronde River Basin, Oregon, USA.

Degree: MS, Forest Science, 1998, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/10880

► As a key factor contributing to slope stability, in-stream habitat for aquatic species (e.g., salmonids), nutrient cycling, and corridors for upland species, riparian vegetation and… (more)

▼ As a key factor contributing to slope stability, in-stream habitat for aquatic species (e.g., salmonids), nutrient cycling, and corridors for upland species, riparian vegetation and its maintenance is of critical conservation importance. Subsequently, the chronic degradation of aquatic and riparian ecosystems in the semi-arid and arid landscapes of the western U.S. is the focus of many recent research efforts. A study was undertaken to investigate historic and current black cottonwood populations in the Grande Ronde River Basin, northeastern Oregon, U.S.A., and evaluate restoration potential given present-day fluvial-geomorphic conditions and reproductive strategies. Black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa), a dominant tree species in these semi-arid systems, has been severely impacted by intensive grazing, irrigation, and land conversion activities over the past one and a half centuries. With the explicit incorporation of space and time, a simple conceptual framework was developed to examine the ecological restoration potential of black cottonwood from ecological and evolutionary perspectives. Restoration potential is defined in this study in terms of availability of suitable habitat and source (i.e., seedpool) for future generations. Digital analyses of aerial photographs reveal changes in the extent, numbers, and total area of cottonwood communities and habitat since 1937. Restoration potential is evaluated using historic stream flow records, stream cross-section analysis to predict current stream discharge, and DNA RAPD procedures to assess the effects of changing stream geomorphology and disturbance regimes on cottonwood reproductive strategies. Optimal spatial and temporal conditions for potential restoration locations of black cottonwood have been identified relative to channel morphology and flood events (e.g., frequency and magnitude). This multiple scale mechnistic approach is used to evaluate the feasibility of restoration efforts toward the re-establishment of viable black cottonwood riparian plant communities in two sites in the upper Grande Ronde River Basin. Advisors/Committee Members: Bradshaw, Gay A. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Black cottonwood – Oregon

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hines, C. A. (1998). Evaluating the restoration potential of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) from multiple scales of observation, Grande Ronde River Basin, Oregon, USA. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/10880

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hines, Cynthia A. “Evaluating the restoration potential of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) from multiple scales of observation, Grande Ronde River Basin, Oregon, USA.” 1998. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed April 10, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/10880.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hines, Cynthia A. “Evaluating the restoration potential of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) from multiple scales of observation, Grande Ronde River Basin, Oregon, USA.” 1998. Web. 10 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Hines CA. Evaluating the restoration potential of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) from multiple scales of observation, Grande Ronde River Basin, Oregon, USA. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1998. [cited 2021 Apr 10]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/10880.

Council of Science Editors:

Hines CA. Evaluating the restoration potential of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) from multiple scales of observation, Grande Ronde River Basin, Oregon, USA. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1998. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/10880

Oregon State University

3. Reynolds, Mark P. Residual leaf area as a measure of shrub use.

Degree: MS, Rangeland Resources, 1999, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36755

► Leaf surface area present on black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) and Douglas hawthorn (Crataegus douglasi) was measured indirectly using a point frame, photographs, and a canopy… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Black cottonwood – Utilization

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APA (6^th Edition):

Reynolds, M. P. (1999). Residual leaf area as a measure of shrub use. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36755

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Reynolds, Mark P. “Residual leaf area as a measure of shrub use.” 1999. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed April 10, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36755.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Reynolds, Mark P. “Residual leaf area as a measure of shrub use.” 1999. Web. 10 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Reynolds MP. Residual leaf area as a measure of shrub use. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1999. [cited 2021 Apr 10]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36755.

Council of Science Editors:

Reynolds MP. Residual leaf area as a measure of shrub use. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1999. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36755

University of Montana

4. Clayton, Stephen R. Factors influencing black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa ) recruitment on the upper Clark Fork River western Montana.

Degree: MS, 1996, University of Montana

URL: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6774

Subjects/Keywords: Black cottonwood Montana Growth.; Black cottonwood Seedlings.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Clayton, S. R. (1996). Factors influencing black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa ) recruitment on the upper Clark Fork River western Montana. (Masters Thesis). University of Montana. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6774

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Clayton, Stephen R. “Factors influencing black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa ) recruitment on the upper Clark Fork River western Montana.” 1996. Masters Thesis, University of Montana. Accessed April 10, 2021. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6774.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Clayton, Stephen R. “Factors influencing black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa ) recruitment on the upper Clark Fork River western Montana.” 1996. Web. 10 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Clayton SR. Factors influencing black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa ) recruitment on the upper Clark Fork River western Montana. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Montana; 1996. [cited 2021 Apr 10]. Available from: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6774.

Council of Science Editors:

Clayton SR. Factors influencing black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa ) recruitment on the upper Clark Fork River western Montana. [Masters Thesis]. University of Montana; 1996. Available from: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6774

Oregon State University

5. Brunner, Amy Marie. Structure and expression of two Populus trichocarpa homologs of the floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS.

Degree: PhD, Forest Science, 1998, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/13667

► Because of their small genomes, facile clonal propagation, fast growth, and susceptibility to Agrobacterium transformation, poplars (genus Populus) are widely considered model systems for the… (more)

▼ Because of their small genomes, facile clonal propagation, fast growth, and susceptibility to Agrobacterium transformation, poplars (genus Populus) are widely considered model systems for the application of molecular genetics and biotechnology in forestry. However, a major concern over commercial use of genetically engineered trees is the release of transgenes into wild populations. The goal of this study was to characterize two genes that are expected to be critical for female and male reproductive development in poplars, and thus, could be used for genetic engineering of reproductive sterility. This trait would mitigate ecological risks associated with commercial deployment of transgenic trees by preventing the spread of transgenes via pollen and seed. A secondary goal was to use these genes as probes to help understand the reproductive biology of poplars, whose two-whorled, unisexual flowers are distinct from those of any previously studied plant species. We isolated and characterized two closely related genes from P. trichocarpa (black cottonwood), a native tree of the Pacific Northwest. These genes are homologous to AGAMOUS (AG), a gene controlling reproductive development in the model herbaceous plant Arabidopsis. The proteins encoded by PTAG1 and PTAG2 are 89% identical, and phylogenetic analysis suggests that they are most closely related to genes which specify the identity of both stamens and carpels in herbaceous plants. Gene structure is conserved between PTAG1, PTAG2, AG, and the Antirrhinum AG ortholog, PLENA. The floral RNA expression patterns of the PTAG genes are also very similar to those of AG and PLENA. In situ hybridization studies revealed that PTAG1 and PTAG2 are expressed in the center of both female and male floral meristems before reproductive organ primordia have initiated, and in developing stamen and carpels. Unlike AG, PLENA, and other close AG homologs, PTAG transcripts are detected in vegetative tissue. These results suggest that PTAG1 and PTAG2 may function in a largely redundant manner to specify reproductive organs in Populus. Therefore, inhibiting the endogenous genes or proteins is likely to be an effective way to genetically engineer reproductive sterility. However, weak vegetative expression may preclude use of their promoters to ablate floral tissues. Advisors/Committee Members: Strauss, Steven H. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Black cottonwood – Northwest; Pacific

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APA (6^th Edition):

Brunner, A. M. (1998). Structure and expression of two Populus trichocarpa homologs of the floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/13667

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brunner, Amy Marie. “Structure and expression of two Populus trichocarpa homologs of the floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS.” 1998. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed April 10, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/13667.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brunner, Amy Marie. “Structure and expression of two Populus trichocarpa homologs of the floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS.” 1998. Web. 10 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Brunner AM. Structure and expression of two Populus trichocarpa homologs of the floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1998. [cited 2021 Apr 10]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/13667.

Council of Science Editors:

Brunner AM. Structure and expression of two Populus trichocarpa homologs of the floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1998. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/13667

Humboldt State University

6. Heath, Sacha K. The effects of bird and bat arthropod predation on sapling black cottonwoods in the context of restoration.

Degree: MS, Natural Resources: Wildlife, 2011, Humboldt State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2148/796

► Phytophagous arthropod consumption by birds and bats has been shown to initiate top-down cascading effects that reduce plant damage or accelerate plant growth in terrestrial… (more)

▼ Phytophagous arthropod consumption by birds and bats has been shown to initiate top-down cascading effects that reduce plant damage or accelerate plant growth in terrestrial ecosystems. Birds and bats attracted to ecological restoration sites can potentially contribute to ecosystem functioning by reducing herbivore-caused plant damage and indirectly facilitating plant growth. I examined tri-trophic interactions between birds and bats, arthropods, and sapling black cottonwoods (Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa) along two recovering tributary streams of Mono Lake, California, USA. I used mesh exclosures over saplings to remove the direct effects of bird and bat predation on arthropods dwelling on black cottonwoods, and I compared arthropod density and biomass, herbivore-caused foliage damage, and shoot growth between predator-free saplings and paired control saplings to which birds and bats had foraging access. Avian foraging surveys conducted in the riparian vegetation along the streams revealed that 49 percent of foraging attacks were made in black cottonwoods compared to other substrates but that only four percent of black cottonwood foraging attacks occurred in saplings comparable in height to experimental saplings. Contrary to predictions, neither total arthropod biomass or density, nor any arthropod foraging functional group (i.e., herbivores, predators and parasites, leaf chewers) differed between exclosure saplings and controls. It followed that bird and bat exclusion did not significantly influence herbivore-caused leaf damage or sapling shoot growth. Arthropod densities on sapling black cottonwoods were lower than has been reported by researchers who found bird-initiated species-level trophic cascades on other plants in the Salicaceae family. Further, I found no evidence that birds and bats preferentially consumed predaceous or herbivorous arthropods, or that intratrophic arthropod predation attenuated vertebrate predation effects. It appears that birds and bats do not indirectly reduce foliage damage or facilitate black cottonwood sapling growth in the context of riparian ecosystem restoration when herbivore loads are low. Advisors/Committee Members: Johnson, Matthew D..

Subjects/Keywords: Trophic cascades; Herbivory; Birds; Bats; Arthropods; Black cottonwood; Predation; Insectivory; Restoration

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APA (6^th Edition):

Heath, S. K. (2011). The effects of bird and bat arthropod predation on sapling black cottonwoods in the context of restoration. (Masters Thesis). Humboldt State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2148/796

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Heath, Sacha K. “The effects of bird and bat arthropod predation on sapling black cottonwoods in the context of restoration.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Humboldt State University. Accessed April 10, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2148/796.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Heath, Sacha K. “The effects of bird and bat arthropod predation on sapling black cottonwoods in the context of restoration.” 2011. Web. 10 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Heath SK. The effects of bird and bat arthropod predation on sapling black cottonwoods in the context of restoration. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Humboldt State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 10]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2148/796.

Council of Science Editors:

Heath SK. The effects of bird and bat arthropod predation on sapling black cottonwoods in the context of restoration. [Masters Thesis]. Humboldt State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2148/796

Oregon State University

7. Sheppard, Lorraine Anna. PTD : a populus trichocarpa gene with homology to floral homeotic transcription factors.

Degree: PhD, Genetics, 1997, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34465

Subjects/Keywords: Black cottonwood – Genetic engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sheppard, L. A. (1997). PTD : a populus trichocarpa gene with homology to floral homeotic transcription factors. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34465

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sheppard, Lorraine Anna. “PTD : a populus trichocarpa gene with homology to floral homeotic transcription factors.” 1997. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed April 10, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34465.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sheppard, Lorraine Anna. “PTD : a populus trichocarpa gene with homology to floral homeotic transcription factors.” 1997. Web. 10 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Sheppard LA. PTD : a populus trichocarpa gene with homology to floral homeotic transcription factors. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1997. [cited 2021 Apr 10]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34465.

Council of Science Editors:

Sheppard LA. PTD : a populus trichocarpa gene with homology to floral homeotic transcription factors. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1997. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34465

Michigan State University

8. Pruyn, Michele Lynn. Thigmomorphogenesis : responses of two populus hybrids to mechanical stress.

Degree: MS, Department of Botant and Plant Pathology, 1997, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:27050

Subjects/Keywords: Plants – Effect of stress on; Black cottonwood; Cottonwood

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pruyn, M. L. (1997). Thigmomorphogenesis : responses of two populus hybrids to mechanical stress. (Masters Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:27050

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pruyn, Michele Lynn. “Thigmomorphogenesis : responses of two populus hybrids to mechanical stress.” 1997. Masters Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed April 10, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:27050.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pruyn, Michele Lynn. “Thigmomorphogenesis : responses of two populus hybrids to mechanical stress.” 1997. Web. 10 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Pruyn ML. Thigmomorphogenesis : responses of two populus hybrids to mechanical stress. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan State University; 1997. [cited 2021 Apr 10]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:27050.

Council of Science Editors:

Pruyn ML. Thigmomorphogenesis : responses of two populus hybrids to mechanical stress. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan State University; 1997. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:27050

Oregon State University

9. Fierke, Melissa K. Composition, structure, and biomass of cottonwood-dominated gallery forests along a successional gradient, Willamette River, Oregon.

Degree: MS, Fisheries Science, 2002, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/20127

Subjects/Keywords: Black cottonwood – Oregon – Willamette River Valley

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fierke, M. K. (2002). Composition, structure, and biomass of cottonwood-dominated gallery forests along a successional gradient, Willamette River, Oregon. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/20127

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fierke, Melissa K. “Composition, structure, and biomass of cottonwood-dominated gallery forests along a successional gradient, Willamette River, Oregon.” 2002. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed April 10, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/20127.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fierke, Melissa K. “Composition, structure, and biomass of cottonwood-dominated gallery forests along a successional gradient, Willamette River, Oregon.” 2002. Web. 10 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Fierke MK. Composition, structure, and biomass of cottonwood-dominated gallery forests along a successional gradient, Willamette River, Oregon. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 2002. [cited 2021 Apr 10]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/20127.

Council of Science Editors:

Fierke MK. Composition, structure, and biomass of cottonwood-dominated gallery forests along a successional gradient, Willamette River, Oregon. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 2002. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/20127

Georgia Tech

10. Estes, Timothy K. A study of the glycosides in the hot water extract of the green bark of Populus trichocarpa.

Degree: PhD, Institute of Paper Science and Technology, 1967, Georgia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5478

Subjects/Keywords: Bark; Analysis; Extraction; Glycosides; Black cottonwood; Populus trichocarpa

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APA (6^th Edition):

Estes, T. K. (1967). A study of the glycosides in the hot water extract of the green bark of Populus trichocarpa. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5478

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Estes, Timothy K. “A study of the glycosides in the hot water extract of the green bark of Populus trichocarpa.” 1967. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed April 10, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5478.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Estes, Timothy K. “A study of the glycosides in the hot water extract of the green bark of Populus trichocarpa.” 1967. Web. 10 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Estes TK. A study of the glycosides in the hot water extract of the green bark of Populus trichocarpa. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 1967. [cited 2021 Apr 10]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5478.

Council of Science Editors:

Estes TK. A study of the glycosides in the hot water extract of the green bark of Populus trichocarpa. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 1967. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5478

University of Lethbridge

11. University of Lethbridge. Faculty of Arts and Science. River and riparian dynamics and black cottonwoods in the Kootenay River Basin, British Columbia and Montana .

Degree: 1998, University of Lethbridge

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10133/88

► The black cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa, provides the foundtaion for the riparian woodlands throughout southern British Columbia (B.C.) and western Montana (MT). To study the interaction… (more)

▼ The black cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa, provides the foundtaion for the riparian woodlands throughout southern British Columbia (B.C.) and western Montana (MT). To study the interaction of riparian dynamics and cottonwood ecology, the present study investigated the influence of the extreme 1995 Elk River flood on the riparian zone and cottonwood ecology, and the effects of flood flow attenuation by the Libby Dam on riparian processess and cottonwoodland ecology of the Kootenai(y) River. Four river reaches were studied: the free-flowing Elk River near Fernie, B.C., the free-flowing Upper Kootenay River, B.C., upstream from the Koocanusa Reservoir, the free-flowing Fisher River, MT, near the Kootenai junction, and the flow-attenuated Lower Kootenai River near Libby, MT. Air photos from 1930, 1962, 1992 and/or 1994 revealed substantial channel change and the development of barren point bars that served as recruitment sites for willos and cottonwoods along the free-flowing reaches. Conversely, the Lower Kootenai had a relatively static channel after damming. In total, thirty-five transects were studied in 1996 and 1997 at 3 sites along each river reach to assess elevation profiles, substrate composition, scour and deposition, vegatation patterns, and aspects of cottonwood reproduction. Abundant cottonwood recruitment occurred in 1996 and even more so in 1997, producing mean densities of 153, 536, and 142 seedlings/m2 along the Elk, Upper Kootenay, and Fisher river transects, respectively. In marked contrast, no seedlings were successful along the Lower Kootenai River, downstream from the Libby Dam. The free-flowing river reaches experienced extensive sediment deposition in the riparian zone after the 1997 high water, whereas the Lower Kootenai experienced little change in stream bank configuration. The Elk River study revealed that the 1995 flood caused considerate geomorphic change and the resultant unconsolidated deposits were easily scoured and transported during the subsequent two years providing abundant sites for new cottonwoods. The Kootenay River study revealed limited meandering and deposition along the flow-attenuated Lower Kootenai River compared to the hydrologically, geomorphologically, and ecologically dynamic, free-flowing upstream reach. Along the Lower Kootenai River, there was a deficiency in black cottonwood population age structure due to limited recruitment. Flood-intolerant, upland plants have encroached to the river's edge, further eliminating cottonwood recruitment opportunities along the Lower Kootenai River. The vegetation encroachment, the static channel configuration, the minimal scour and sediment deposition and the lack of the essential stream stage pattern, combine to underlie the lack of seedling recruitment and the consequent deficiency in cottonwood population structure along the Lower Kootenai River. The studies demonstrate that black cottonwoods require a dynamic hydrologic and geomorphic system with periodic flood events for continued replenishment. The observed loss of…

Subjects/Keywords: Black cottonwood – British Columbia; Black cottonwood – Montana; Kootenay River (B.C.); Riparian ecology – British Columbia; Cottonwood; Riparian ecology; Riparian ecology – Montana; Dissertations, Academic

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APA (6^th Edition):

Science, U. o. L. F. o. A. a. (1998). River and riparian dynamics and black cottonwoods in the Kootenay River Basin, British Columbia and Montana . (Thesis). University of Lethbridge. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10133/88

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Science, University of Lethbridge. Faculty of Arts and. “River and riparian dynamics and black cottonwoods in the Kootenay River Basin, British Columbia and Montana .” 1998. Thesis, University of Lethbridge. Accessed April 10, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/88.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Science, University of Lethbridge. Faculty of Arts and. “River and riparian dynamics and black cottonwoods in the Kootenay River Basin, British Columbia and Montana .” 1998. Web. 10 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Science UoLFoAa. River and riparian dynamics and black cottonwoods in the Kootenay River Basin, British Columbia and Montana . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Lethbridge; 1998. [cited 2021 Apr 10]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10133/88.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Science UoLFoAa. River and riparian dynamics and black cottonwoods in the Kootenay River Basin, British Columbia and Montana . [Thesis]. University of Lethbridge; 1998. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10133/88

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

12. Ghanekar, Ruchi. Cross chip probe matching tool : a tool for linking probes from microarrays within and across species.

Degree: MS, 2006, University of Alabama – Birmingham

URL: http://contentdm.mhsl.uab.edu/u?/etd,367

►

Traditionally, but not exclusively, a microarray experiment is conducted on a single type of microarray. However, different labs often use different chip types, and new… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: DNA microarrays – Computer programs <; br>; DNA probes – Computer programs <; br>; Arabidopsis thaliana – Genetics – Computer programs <; br>; Black cottonwood – Genetics – Computer programs

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ghanekar, R. (2006). Cross chip probe matching tool : a tool for linking probes from microarrays within and across species. (Masters Thesis). University of Alabama – Birmingham. Retrieved from http://contentdm.mhsl.uab.edu/u?/etd,367

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ghanekar, Ruchi. “Cross chip probe matching tool : a tool for linking probes from microarrays within and across species.” 2006. Masters Thesis, University of Alabama – Birmingham. Accessed April 10, 2021. http://contentdm.mhsl.uab.edu/u?/etd,367.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ghanekar, Ruchi. “Cross chip probe matching tool : a tool for linking probes from microarrays within and across species.” 2006. Web. 10 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Ghanekar R. Cross chip probe matching tool : a tool for linking probes from microarrays within and across species. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alabama – Birmingham; 2006. [cited 2021 Apr 10]. Available from: http://contentdm.mhsl.uab.edu/u?/etd,367.

Council of Science Editors:

Ghanekar R. Cross chip probe matching tool : a tool for linking probes from microarrays within and across species. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alabama – Birmingham; 2006. Available from: http://contentdm.mhsl.uab.edu/u?/etd,367

University of Missouri – Columbia

13. Dowell, Ryan. Biomass production of five populus clones, soil carbon and soil water content in a central Missouri floodplain.

Degree: 2006, University of Missouri – Columbia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4549

► Five Populus clones in two short rotation 5 year plantations were tested for biomass production and associated soil C changes in the central Missouri floodplain… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Poplar; Cottonwood; Black poplar; Floodplains; Soil moisture; Soils – Carbon content; Biomass

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dowell, R. (2006). Biomass production of five populus clones, soil carbon and soil water content in a central Missouri floodplain. (Thesis). University of Missouri – Columbia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4549

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dowell, Ryan. “Biomass production of five populus clones, soil carbon and soil water content in a central Missouri floodplain.” 2006. Thesis, University of Missouri – Columbia. Accessed April 10, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4549.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dowell, Ryan. “Biomass production of five populus clones, soil carbon and soil water content in a central Missouri floodplain.” 2006. Web. 10 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Dowell R. Biomass production of five populus clones, soil carbon and soil water content in a central Missouri floodplain. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Missouri – Columbia; 2006. [cited 2021 Apr 10]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4549.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Dowell R. Biomass production of five populus clones, soil carbon and soil water content in a central Missouri floodplain. [Thesis]. University of Missouri – Columbia; 2006. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4549

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Rutgers University

14. Tiedemann, Robert Bruce, 1952-. The ecology, effect of dams, and restoration of the black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa T. & G.) forest community in the Intermountain West.

Degree: PhD, Environmental Sciences, 2011, Rutgers University

URL: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000061531

►

The black cottonwood riparian forest is an important component of the otherwise xeric landscapes of the Intermountain West of North America. Regulation of rivers by… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Black cottonwood—Ecology – Great Basin; Dams—Environmental aspects – Great Basin; Hydrology – Great Basin

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tiedemann, Robert Bruce, 1. (2011). The ecology, effect of dams, and restoration of the black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa T. & G.) forest community in the Intermountain West. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rutgers University. Retrieved from http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000061531

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tiedemann, Robert Bruce, 1952-. “The ecology, effect of dams, and restoration of the black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa T. & G.) forest community in the Intermountain West.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Accessed April 10, 2021. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000061531.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tiedemann, Robert Bruce, 1952-. “The ecology, effect of dams, and restoration of the black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa T. & G.) forest community in the Intermountain West.” 2011. Web. 10 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Tiedemann, Robert Bruce 1. The ecology, effect of dams, and restoration of the black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa T. & G.) forest community in the Intermountain West. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 10]. Available from: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000061531.

Council of Science Editors:

Tiedemann, Robert Bruce 1. The ecology, effect of dams, and restoration of the black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa T. & G.) forest community in the Intermountain West. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000061531

Western Washington University

15. Citron, Ezra H. Black Cottonwood (Populus Trichocarpa) Nutrition in the Dewatered Lake Aldwell Reservoir on the Elwha River, Washington.

Degree: MS, Environmental Sciences, 2016, Western Washington University

URL: https://doi.org/10.25710/nhp0-m253 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/466

► Following dam removal on the Elwha River, WA, the ability of plants to access and uptake nutrients may be an important factor in ecosystem… (more)

▼ Following dam removal on the Elwha River, WA, the ability of plants to access and uptake nutrients may be an important factor in ecosystem recovery. Foliage was collected in November 2014 from naturally-established black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) saplings growing in the dewatered Lake Aldwell reservoir sediments and adjacent forest. Analysis of variance was used to assess variability among reservoir sediment textures and the adjacent forest with respect to foliar macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and micronutrient (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni) concentrations. Within the reservoir, foliar P, K, and Mn were higher, and foliar Ca was lower, in the fine sediments than in the coarse sediments. All reservoir environments had lower foliar Mg and Zn and higher foliar Mn than the adjacent forest. Correlation analyses indicated many significant correlations between nutrient pairs. Several positive nutrient correlations with N may indicate that N is stimulating protein synthesis, and several negative correlations between nutrient pairs may indicate that cations are competing for plant uptake. Considering seasonal nutrient fluctuation and senescence-induced nutrient resorption, foliar nutrient values measured in Lake Aldwell cottonwood were generally consistent with those reported in the literature from other populations of non-fertilized Populus. Exceptions were values for foliar Ca, Fe, and Cu, which were comparatively low. The majority of resorption-adjusted growing-season estimates for Lake Aldwell foliar macronutrients were within ranges reported as optimal in fertilized Populus, with the exception of high estimates for Mg in the adjacent forest and for N at all sites. Presently, black cottonwood productivity at Lake Aldwell does not seem to be constrained by nutrient limitation, but nutrient availability will be critical in determining species-compositional changes at dewatered Lake Aldwell and successional trajectories in other dewatered environments following dam removal. Advisors/Committee Members: Homann, Peter S., 1953-, Bauman, Jenise, Bunn, Rebecca.

Subjects/Keywords: Environmental Sciences; Black cottonwood – Nutrition – Washington (State) – Aldwell, Lake; Restoration ecology – Washington (State) – Elwha River; Dam retirement – Environmental aspects – Washington (State) – Elwha River; Elwha River (Wash.); Aldwell, Lake (Wash.); masters theses

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APA (6^th Edition):

Citron, E. H. (2016). Black Cottonwood (Populus Trichocarpa) Nutrition in the Dewatered Lake Aldwell Reservoir on the Elwha River, Washington. (Masters Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25710/nhp0-m253 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/466

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Citron, Ezra H. “Black Cottonwood (Populus Trichocarpa) Nutrition in the Dewatered Lake Aldwell Reservoir on the Elwha River, Washington.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed April 10, 2021. https://doi.org/10.25710/nhp0-m253 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/466.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Citron, Ezra H. “Black Cottonwood (Populus Trichocarpa) Nutrition in the Dewatered Lake Aldwell Reservoir on the Elwha River, Washington.” 2016. Web. 10 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Citron EH. Black Cottonwood (Populus Trichocarpa) Nutrition in the Dewatered Lake Aldwell Reservoir on the Elwha River, Washington. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Washington University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 10]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/nhp0-m253 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/466.

Council of Science Editors:

Citron EH. Black Cottonwood (Populus Trichocarpa) Nutrition in the Dewatered Lake Aldwell Reservoir on the Elwha River, Washington. [Masters Thesis]. Western Washington University; 2016. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/nhp0-m253 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/466

16. Olds, Brett. Analysis of genetic variation in Pediculus humanus and Populus trichocarpa.

Degree: PhD, 0314, 2013, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44336

► With the advent of sequencing technologies that are both affordable and readily available, biologists are now able to address questions that were previously intractable. New… (more)

▼ With the advent of sequencing technologies that are both affordable and readily available, biologists are now able to address questions that were previously intractable. New species are having their genomes mapped at an increasing rate, including non-model organisms. Two such organisms are the human body louse, Pediculus humanus corporis and the black cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa. While unrelated, these two organisms each represent a study system with questions that challenge our current understanding of each organism. Body and head lice, while closely related, are thought to be separate species with their most important difference being that only body lice vector disease to humans. The first question is: Are body lice (Pediculus humanus coporis) and head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) the same species? A total of 10,771 body louse and 10,770 head louse transcripts were predicted from a combined assembly of Roche 454 and Illumina sequenced cDNAs from whole body tissues collected at all life stages and during pesticide exposure and bacterial infection treatments. Illumina reads mapped to the 10,775 draft body louse gene models from the whole genome assembly predicted nine presence/absence differences, but PCR confirmation resulted in a single gene difference. One novel microRNA was predicted in both lice species and 99% of the 544 transcripts from Candidatus riesia indicate that they share the same endosymbiont. Overall, few differences exist, which supports the hypothesis that these two organisms are ecotypes of the same species. A second question is: Are there gene expression differences between these two organisms that cause the body louse to vector disease to humans while head lice do not? We utilized an RNAseq analysis on 7-day old head and body lice fed blood infected with Bartonella quintana, the bacterium that causes trench fever, and control individuals to elicit gene expression differences. Eight immunoresponse genes came out significant, many associated with the Toll pathway; Fibrinogen-related protein (PHUM500950), Spaetzle (PHUM595260), Defensin 1 (PHUM365700) and 2 (PHUM595870), Serpin (PHUM311330), Cactus (PHUM345810), Scavenger receptor A (ScavA; PHUM066640) and Apolipoprotein D (PHUM427700). Increased expression of Fibrinogen-related protein and Spaetzle, both related to the Toll pathway, in treated body lice supports the hypothesis that body lice are fighting infection from B. quintana. But conflicting results in Defensin 1 and 2 based upon validation method suggest another mechanism in head lice alternative to the Toll pathway might be involved. Additionally, Scavenger receptor A was higher in both control and treated head lice, suggesting higher phagocytotic activity in head lice to curb infection. In 1981, Whitham and Slobodchikoff hypothesized that long-lived plant species, like black cottonwood, that propagate both asexually and sexually, might develop, through accumulation of somatic mutations, as genetic mosaics, providing the potential to respond to or even outrun their insect… Advisors/Committee Members: Paige, Ken N. (advisor), Pittendrigh, Barry R. (advisor), Paige, Ken N. (Committee Chair), Pittendrigh, Barry R. (Committee Chair), Hudson, Matthew E. (committee member), Malhi, Ripan S. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: body louse; Pediculus humanus; Bartonella quintana; disease vector competency; black cottonwood; Populus trichocarpa; somatic mutation

…black cottonwood tree, Populus trichocarpa to investigate genetic variation at a species and… …genetic variation within an individual. The black cottonwood tree, Populus trichocarpa was the… …viable species, black cottonwood has two distinct characteristics which make it ideal for… …Illumina data and a SNP analysis of multiple tissues from 11 parent-offspring pairs of black… …cottonwood trees to describe the existing genetic variation. Consequently, what can this illuminate…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Olds, B. (2013). Analysis of genetic variation in Pediculus humanus and Populus trichocarpa. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44336

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Olds, Brett. “Analysis of genetic variation in Pediculus humanus and Populus trichocarpa.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed April 10, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44336.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Olds, Brett. “Analysis of genetic variation in Pediculus humanus and Populus trichocarpa.” 2013. Web. 10 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Olds B. Analysis of genetic variation in Pediculus humanus and Populus trichocarpa. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 10]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44336.

Council of Science Editors:

Olds B. Analysis of genetic variation in Pediculus humanus and Populus trichocarpa. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44336

17. Von Wittgenstein, Neil Joseph Jude Baron. Nitrogen transporters: comparative genomics, transport activity, and gene expression of NRTs and AMTs in Black Cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa).

Degree: Dept. of Biology, 2013, University of Victoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4533

► Black Cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) is a fast-growing, economically important tree species. P. trichocarpa was the first tree to have its genome fully sequenced and is… (more)

▼ Black Cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) is a fast-growing, economically important tree species. P. trichocarpa was the first tree to have its genome fully sequenced and is considered the model organism for genomic research in trees. Of the macronutrients in plants, Nitrogen (N) is required in the greatest amounts and is generally the limiting nutrient in terrestrial ecosystems. Inorganic N-transport is performed by four families of transporter proteins, AMT1 and AMT2 for ammonium (NH4+) and NRT1 and NRT2 for nitrate (NO3-). I have created phylogenetic reconstructions of each of these transporter families in 22 members of Viridiplantae whose genomes have been fully sequenced. Based on these phylogenies, I have introduced a new classification system for the transporter families that better represents the evolutionary and functional relatedness of the proteins. These phylogenies were supplemented with topology predictions, subcellular localization predictions, and in silico expression profiling in order to suggest functional characterization of the groups. This facilitated candidate gene selection for NH4+ and NO3- uptake transporters from P. trichocarpa. Expression profiling was performed on two of these candidates. Results suggest that PtAMT1-1 may be a high-affinity, root-localized NH4+ transporter. In contrast, PtNRT2-6 is a high-affinity NO3- transporter localized to the dormant bud, but its physiological functions remain largely enigmatic. Flux profiles of NH4+, NO3-, and H+ in the first 1.4 cm of root tips of three-week-old P. trichocarpa seedlings and cuttings were measured using the Microelectrode Ion Flux mEasurement (MIFE) system to demonstrate the activity of AMTs and NRTs under nutrient-abundant and nutrient-deficient conditions. I found mainly N-efflux from roots of cuttings while seedling roots exhibited N-uptake. This is the first report of such a difference. This highlights an unexpected but clear physiological difference between seedling and cutting roots, which are frequently used in experimental setups. Advisors/Committee Members: Hawkins, Barbara J. (supervisor), Ehlting, Jürgen (supervisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Poplar; Phylogeny; Comparative genomics; Populus trichocarpa; Black Cottonwood; NRT; AMT; Nitrate transporter; Ammonium transporter; Ion Flux; Nitrate uptake; Ammonium uptake

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APA (6^th Edition):

Von Wittgenstein, N. J. J. B. (2013). Nitrogen transporters: comparative genomics, transport activity, and gene expression of NRTs and AMTs in Black Cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa). (Masters Thesis). University of Victoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4533

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Von Wittgenstein, Neil Joseph Jude Baron. “Nitrogen transporters: comparative genomics, transport activity, and gene expression of NRTs and AMTs in Black Cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa).” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Victoria. Accessed April 10, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4533.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Von Wittgenstein, Neil Joseph Jude Baron. “Nitrogen transporters: comparative genomics, transport activity, and gene expression of NRTs and AMTs in Black Cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa).” 2013. Web. 10 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Von Wittgenstein NJJB. Nitrogen transporters: comparative genomics, transport activity, and gene expression of NRTs and AMTs in Black Cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Victoria; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 10]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4533.

Council of Science Editors:

Von Wittgenstein NJJB. Nitrogen transporters: comparative genomics, transport activity, and gene expression of NRTs and AMTs in Black Cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa). [Masters Thesis]. University of Victoria; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4533

18. Kutschera, Ellynne Marie. Mechanisms of Methane Transport Through Trees.

Degree: PhD, Physics, 2013, Portland State University

URL: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/643

► Although the dynamics of methane (CH₄) emission from croplands and wetlands have been fairly well investigated, the contribution of trees to global methane emission… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Atmospheric methane – Measurement; Methane – Environmental aspects; Black cottonwood| – Effect of global warming on – Northwest; Pacific.; Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment; Physics

…Populus trichocarpa, a poplar species also known as black cottonwood. Native to the Pacific… …transpiration stream through xylem tissue for trees in these conditions. Black cottonwood also grows… …CH4 transport occurs with transpiration, it will do so in black cottonwood. The trees in the… …Experiments To isolate plant physiological gas flux controls from soil dynamics, black cottonwood… …under such conditions. Cuttings from wild black cottonwood were taken from the Sandy River…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kutschera, E. M. (2013). Mechanisms of Methane Transport Through Trees. (Doctoral Dissertation). Portland State University. Retrieved from https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/643

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kutschera, Ellynne Marie. “Mechanisms of Methane Transport Through Trees.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Portland State University. Accessed April 10, 2021. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/643.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kutschera, Ellynne Marie. “Mechanisms of Methane Transport Through Trees.” 2013. Web. 10 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kutschera EM. Mechanisms of Methane Transport Through Trees. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Portland State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 10]. Available from: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/643.

Council of Science Editors:

Kutschera EM. Mechanisms of Methane Transport Through Trees. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Portland State University; 2013. Available from: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/643

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations