subject:(binocular vision)

Colorado State University

1. Opper, Jamie K. Perceptual differences and perceptive fields in binocular and monocular color vision.

Degree: PhD, Psychology, 2016, Colorado State University

► This study investigated perceptual differences in stimuli viewed with one eye (monocular) or two eyes (binocular) in the central (fovea) and peripheral retina (10° retinal… (more)

▼ This study investigated perceptual differences in stimuli viewed with one eye (monocular) or two eyes (binocular) in the central (fovea) and peripheral retina (10° retinal eccentricity). In particular, this study focused on changes in color perception for monochromatic stimuli (450 nm to 670 nm, in 20 nm steps) varying in size (1°, 1.7°, 2.25°, 2.7°, 3.7°). A hue-scaling procedure was utilized to ascertain hue perception. With this procedure, three binocular normal and one strabismic amblyope assigned percentages to each of the four elemental hues (i. e., blue, yellow, red, and green) as well as saturation. Only one to two hue terms were allowed to describe a single stimulus, and the percentages had to sum to 100. Members of opponent-color pairs (red/green and yellow/blue) could not be used simultaneously to describe the same stimulus. Hue-scaling results from normal observers showed that, in general, smaller stimuli (1°, 1.7°, 2.25°) in the peripheral retina resulted in weaker hue perception than a 1° stimulus presented to the fovea, although this reduction was less noticeable for the binocular peripheral conditions than for the monocular peripheral conditions, and more noticeable for the monocular nasal retinal condition than the monocular temporal retinal condition. Differences between peripheral and foveal hue perception abated as stimulus size increased. Additionally, the range of wavelengths where blue (yellow) was perceived was narrower (wider) in the periphery relative to the fovea for all stimulus sizes. No differences were observed between monocular and binocular foveal hue or saturation perception, where only one stimulus size was used (1°). Peripherally-presented binocular stimuli fell upon the nasal retina of one eye and the temporal retina of the other, and peripheral binocular hue and saturation perceptions for smaller stimuli were more similar to that of the monocular temporal retina, regardless of whether the stimulus fell on the temporal retina of the left or right eye. Since hue-scaling data were obtained for several stimulus sizes in the peripheral retina it was possible to derive the size of perceptive fields, which are perceptual analogues of receptive fields and indicate the stimulus size at which hue perception stabilizes; i.e., the size at which amount of perceived hue ceases to increase with further increase in stimulus size. Perceptive fields measured in the monocular nasal retina were larger than those measured in the monocular temporal retina for all elemental hues. Overall, monocular perceptive fields were larger than the binocular perceptive fields. Possible physiological reasons for the findings include suppression of chromatic signals by rod photoreceptors, differences in cone photoreceptor distribution and relative ratios of cone types over the surface of the retina, and changes in the nature of the connections of the cone photoreceptors to their associated ganglion cells with increasing retinal eccentricity. The amblyopic observer was found to have abnormal hue and… Advisors/Committee Members: Volbrecht, Vicki (advisor), Davalos, Deana (advisor), Anderson, Chuck (committee member), DeLosh, Ed (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: color vision; vision science; psychophysics; binocular vision

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Opper, J. K. (2016). Perceptual differences and perceptive fields in binocular and monocular color vision. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176649

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Opper, Jamie K. “Perceptual differences and perceptive fields in binocular and monocular color vision.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176649.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Opper, Jamie K. “Perceptual differences and perceptive fields in binocular and monocular color vision.” 2016. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Opper JK. Perceptual differences and perceptive fields in binocular and monocular color vision. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176649.

Council of Science Editors:

Opper JK. Perceptual differences and perceptive fields in binocular and monocular color vision. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176649

Penn State University

2. Hwang, Kenneth Robert. Adult Plasticity of a Binocular Integration Mechanism.

Degree: 2012, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/14778

► Although the visual system’s susceptibility to plasticity early in development is especially pronounced (Hubel and Wiesel, 1965, 1970), research has shown that plasticity occurs in… (more)

▼ Although the visual system’s susceptibility to plasticity early in development is especially pronounced (Hubel and Wiesel, 1965, 1970), research has shown that plasticity occurs in adult visual processing as well (Gilbert, 1992; Heinen & Skavenski, 1991). Previous research (Hollins & Hudnell, 1980; Klink, Brascamp, Blake, & Van Wezel, 2010) has proposed that inducing adult plasticity is possible through visual adaptation to dichoptically incongruent spatial gratings, so that each eye sees an independent image. This type of viewing produces a perceptual phenomenon called binocular rivalry. The visual system’s incapability of focusing on both images simultaneously subjects the viewer to constant perceptual switching, so that only one image dominates perceptual awareness at a time (Alias & Blake, 2005). Prolonged binocular rivalry may thus impose experience-driven plasticity on the binocular integration system. Persistent viewing of incongruent images weakens an interocular inhibition mechanism that normally suppresses the binocular integration of opposing stimuli, and remains weakened until exposed to normal, congruent binocular vision once more (Hollins & Hudnell, 1980; Klink et al., 2010). Perceptually, the viewer increasingly experiences mixtures of incongruent images or decreasing perceptual exclusivity. The present study extended this paradigm by randomly assigning participants to one of four interocular orientation difference (IOD) groups (90º, 45º, 37.5º, and 30º). It was expected that reducing IOD would also reduce interocular inhibition. The manipulation permits a direct test of the hypothesis that perceptual adaptation stems from weakened interocular inhibition. A significant reduction in perceptual exclusivity was found between the 30º IOD and other IOD conditions, as well as between the 37.5º and 45º IOD conditions. However, the study failed to produce decreased perceptual exclusivity with respect to time for any IOD condition, including the 90º IOD which was intended to replicate experimental conditions utilized in previous research (Hollins & Hudnell, 1980; Klink et al., 2010). The discrepancy in these findings may stem from a larger (n=60), more diverse, and inexperienced sample of observers. It is also possible that the small IOD conditions fell within a perceptual threshold that begins to elicit stereopsis (Blakemore, Fiorentini, & Maffei, 1972) in observers, despite the lack of adaptation effects. Advisors/Committee Members: Rick Owen Gilmore, Thesis Advisor/Co-Advisor.

Subjects/Keywords: binocular; vision; experience; plasticity; adaptation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hwang, K. R. (2012). Adult Plasticity of a Binocular Integration Mechanism. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/14778

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hwang, Kenneth Robert. “Adult Plasticity of a Binocular Integration Mechanism.” 2012. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed March 07, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/14778.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hwang, Kenneth Robert. “Adult Plasticity of a Binocular Integration Mechanism.” 2012. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Hwang KR. Adult Plasticity of a Binocular Integration Mechanism. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/14778.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Hwang KR. Adult Plasticity of a Binocular Integration Mechanism. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2012. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/14778

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

3. Lack, Leon C. Experiments in the control of binocular rivalry.

Degree: 1972, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/20155

Subjects/Keywords: Binocular vision.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lack, L. C. (1972). Experiments in the control of binocular rivalry. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/20155

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lack, Leon C. “Experiments in the control of binocular rivalry.” 1972. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/20155.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lack, Leon C. “Experiments in the control of binocular rivalry.” 1972. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Lack LC. Experiments in the control of binocular rivalry. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 1972. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/20155.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lack LC. Experiments in the control of binocular rivalry. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 1972. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/20155

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Waterloo

4. Tugac, Naime. The Contribution of Visual & Somatosensory Input to Target Localization During the Performance of a Precision Grasping & Placement Task.

Degree: 2017, University of Waterloo

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/11285

► Objective: Binocular vision provides the most accurate and precise depth information; however, many people have impairments in binocular visual function. It is currently unknown whether… (more)

▼ Objective: Binocular vision provides the most accurate and precise depth information; however, many people have impairments in binocular visual function. It is currently unknown whether depth information from another modality can improve depth perception during action planning and execution. Therefore, the goal of this thesis was to assess whether somatosensory input improves target localization during the performance of a precision placement task. It was hypothesized that somatosensory input regarding target location will improve task performance. Methods: Thirty visually normal participants performed a bead-threading task with their right hand during binocular and monocular viewing. Upper limb kinematics and eye movements were recorded using the Optotrak and EyeLink 2 while participants picked up the beads and placed them on a vertical needle. In study 1, somatosensory and visual feedback provided input about needle location (i.e., participants could see their left hand holding the needle). In study 2, only somatosensory feedback was provided (i.e., view of the left hand holding the needle was blocked, and practice trials were standardized). The main outcome variables that were examined were placement time, peak acceleration, and mean position and variability of the limb along the trajectory. A repeated analysis of variance with 2 factors, Viewing Condition (binocular/left eye monocular/right eye monocular) and Modality (vision/somatosensory) was used to test the hypothesis. Results: Results from study 1 were in accordance with our hypothesis, showing a significant interaction between viewing condition and modality for placement time (p=0.0222). Specifically, when somatosensory feedback was provided, placement time was >150 ms shorter in both monocular viewing conditions compared to the vision only condition. In contrast, somatosensory feedback did not significantly affect placement time during binocular viewing. There was no evidence to support that motor planning was improved when somatosensory input about end target location was provided. Limb trajectory showed a deviation toward needle location along azimuth at various kinematic markers during movement execution when somatosensory feedback was provided. Results from study 2 showed a main effect of modality for placement time (p=0.0288); however, the interaction between modality and vision was not significant. The results also showed that somatosensory input was associated with faster movement times and higher peak accelerations. Similar to study one, limb trajectory showed a deviation toward needle location at various kinematic markers during movement execution when somatosensory feedback was provided. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that information from another modality can improve planning and execution of reaching movements under certain conditions. It may be that the role of somatosensory input is not as effective when practice is not administered. It is important to note that despite the improved performance when somatosensory input was…

Subjects/Keywords: Binocular Vision; Multisensory Integration; Prehension

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Tugac, N. (2017). The Contribution of Visual & Somatosensory Input to Target Localization During the Performance of a Precision Grasping & Placement Task. (Thesis). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10012/11285

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tugac, Naime. “The Contribution of Visual & Somatosensory Input to Target Localization During the Performance of a Precision Grasping & Placement Task.” 2017. Thesis, University of Waterloo. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/11285.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tugac, Naime. “The Contribution of Visual & Somatosensory Input to Target Localization During the Performance of a Precision Grasping & Placement Task.” 2017. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Tugac N. The Contribution of Visual & Somatosensory Input to Target Localization During the Performance of a Precision Grasping & Placement Task. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/11285.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Tugac N. The Contribution of Visual & Somatosensory Input to Target Localization During the Performance of a Precision Grasping & Placement Task. [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/11285

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of New South Wales

5. Masgoret Cuellar, Ximena. The development of interocular and spatial interactions in an acuity task.

Degree: Optometry & Vision Science, 2013, University of New South Wales

URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53255 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:11950/SOURCE02?view=true

► In binocular vision, performance may be superior or inferior to monocular performance depending upon the stimuli presented to each eye. In addition, monocular or binocular… (more)

▼ In binocular vision, performance may be superior or inferior to monocular performance depending upon the stimuli presented to each eye. In addition, monocular or binocular visual performance may be affected by the presence of features surrounding a target stimulus. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of interocular stimulus similarities on a foveal acuity task in normally sighted children and adults.Liquid crystal shutter goggles synchronized with the monitor frame rate were used to present a Landolt C and surround bars to one or both eyes, in the following four viewing conditions. • Monocular: the Landolt C surrounded by bars was presented to the tested eye while the non-tested eye was occluded with a black opaque patch.• Binocular: the Landolt C surrounded by bars was presented to both eyes.• Dichoptic: the Landolt C was presented to the tested eye and flanking bars were presented to the non-tested eye.• Half-binocular: the Landolt C was presented to the tested eye and flanking bars were presented to both eyes. Discrimination of the orientation of a Landolt C was measured under each condition in 56 normally sighted children (7 to 14 years of age) and 22 adults (21 to 38 years of age). The effect of the surround bars (crowding) was tested in a subgroup of 9 children, and 10 adults.Across all age groups acuity was significantly better in the binocular condition than in the other three viewing conditions (binocular summation), and was significantly better in the half-binocular than in the dichoptic condition. In children, but not in adults, acuity was significantly better without than with bars.Interocular similarities may explain the enhanced visual acuity in the half-binocular condition in comparison with the dichoptic condition for all age groups tested. The results suggest that interocular interactions underpinning discrimination under these viewing conditions are developed in early childhood. The foveal crowding effect is immature at the beginning of school age, and maturation involves a reduction of this effect. These findings may have implications for the design of stimuli for binocular vision training therapies. Advisors/Committee Members: Asper, Lisa, Optometry & Vision Science, Faculty of Science, UNSW, Suttle, Catherine, Optometry & Vision Science, Faculty of Science, UNSW, Alexander, Jack, Optometry & Vision Science, Faculty of Science, UNSW.

Subjects/Keywords: Visual Development; Binocular vision; Crowding

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Masgoret Cuellar, X. (2013). The development of interocular and spatial interactions in an acuity task. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53255 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:11950/SOURCE02?view=true

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Masgoret Cuellar, Ximena. “The development of interocular and spatial interactions in an acuity task.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New South Wales. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53255 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:11950/SOURCE02?view=true.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Masgoret Cuellar, Ximena. “The development of interocular and spatial interactions in an acuity task.” 2013. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Masgoret Cuellar X. The development of interocular and spatial interactions in an acuity task. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53255 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:11950/SOURCE02?view=true.

Council of Science Editors:

Masgoret Cuellar X. The development of interocular and spatial interactions in an acuity task. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2013. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53255 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:11950/SOURCE02?view=true

Simon Fraser University

6. Kaushall, Philip. Laterality differences in the human visual system. – .

Degree: 1970, Simon Fraser University

URL: http://summit.sfu.ca/item/4315

Subjects/Keywords: Binocular vision.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kaushall, P. (1970). Laterality differences in the human visual system. – . (Thesis). Simon Fraser University. Retrieved from http://summit.sfu.ca/item/4315

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kaushall, Philip. “Laterality differences in the human visual system. – .” 1970. Thesis, Simon Fraser University. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://summit.sfu.ca/item/4315.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kaushall, Philip. “Laterality differences in the human visual system. – .” 1970. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kaushall P. Laterality differences in the human visual system. – . [Internet] [Thesis]. Simon Fraser University; 1970. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://summit.sfu.ca/item/4315.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kaushall P. Laterality differences in the human visual system. – . [Thesis]. Simon Fraser University; 1970. Available from: http://summit.sfu.ca/item/4315

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

7. Kompaniez, Elysse J. Adaptation to Interocular Differences in Blur.

Degree: 2012, University of Nevada – Reno

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11714/3581

► Adaptation to a blurred image causes a physically focused image to appear too sharp, and shifts the point of subjective focus toward the adapting blur,… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: adaptation; binocular vision; blur

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kompaniez, E. J. (2012). Adaptation to Interocular Differences in Blur. (Thesis). University of Nevada – Reno. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11714/3581

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kompaniez, Elysse J. “Adaptation to Interocular Differences in Blur.” 2012. Thesis, University of Nevada – Reno. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11714/3581.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kompaniez, Elysse J. “Adaptation to Interocular Differences in Blur.” 2012. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kompaniez EJ. Adaptation to Interocular Differences in Blur. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Nevada – Reno; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11714/3581.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kompaniez EJ. Adaptation to Interocular Differences in Blur. [Thesis]. University of Nevada – Reno; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11714/3581

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Manchester

8. Lin, Wei. EVALUATION OF COMPUTERISED PROGRAMS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF BINOCULAR ANOMALIES.

Degree: 2016, University of Manchester

URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:305503

► Computerised diagnostic testing and computerised vision training (VT) have been developed for the orthoptic management of binocular vision (BV) anomalies in clinical practice. Computerised measurement… (more)

▼ Computerised diagnostic testing and computerised vision training (VT) have been developed for the orthoptic management of binocular vision (BV) anomalies in clinical practice. Computerised measurement of BV is assumed to assist accurate diagnosis of BV anomalies because variability of testing resulting from subjective judgements of examiners is eliminated by automatic measurements. Computerised VT is thought to be effective in the treatment of BV anomalies because the computer games used for vision training will enhance the patient’s motivation. However, these assumptions were lacking scientific support. This thesis reports a range of studies to investigate the computerised programs of diagnostic testing (HTS-BVA) and vision training (HTS-iNet) in comparison with corresponding traditional approaches, respectively.The first study was to investigate inter-session repeatability of computerised testing on BV functions. The study results showed that computerised testing on measuring near horizontal fusional vergence (FV) and accommodative facility (AF) did not present higher inter-session repeatability than corresponding traditional testing.The second study was a pilot study for a future rigorous randomized clinical trial (RCT) investigating effectiveness of computerised VT as a home-based treatment for convergence insufficiency (CI). The study results showed the subjects with CI demonstrated improvement of near point of convergence (NPC), near base-out FV and symptoms associated with CI after an 8-week treatment regime. The third study, following from the first study, was to investigate whether accommodative responses (AR) are affected by the novel accommodative stimuli used in computerised AF testing. The study results showed the AR might be affected by the colours of accommodative targets and the colour filter used. Especially, the data of accommodative demand of 4 dioptres revealed that blue targets presented poorer AR than red targets, and the targets seen with colour filters presented poorer AR than those seen without colour filters. The fourth study, also following from the first study, was to investigate whether a prolonged near vision task affects measurements made relating to the near FV system, thus contributing to the variability of clinical findings. The study results showed statistically significant changes in NPC and near dissociated phoria. In further sub-group analyses, the subjects with an initially poor NPC (n = 9) presented greater changes in the NPC and near dissociated phoria than the subjects with normal poor NPC (n = 25).Overall, the computerised testing did not show more repeatable BV measurements than the traditional testing. Finally, an RCT is needed to determine if the computerised VT is more effective than placebo computerised VT as a home-based treatment for CI. Advisors/Committee Members: PORTER, CATHERINE CS, Dickinson, Christine, Porter, Catherine.

Subjects/Keywords: Binocular Vision; Vision Training; Diagnostic Testing

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lin, W. (2016). EVALUATION OF COMPUTERISED PROGRAMS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF BINOCULAR ANOMALIES. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:305503

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lin, Wei. “EVALUATION OF COMPUTERISED PROGRAMS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF BINOCULAR ANOMALIES.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:305503.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lin, Wei. “EVALUATION OF COMPUTERISED PROGRAMS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF BINOCULAR ANOMALIES.” 2016. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Lin W. EVALUATION OF COMPUTERISED PROGRAMS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF BINOCULAR ANOMALIES. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:305503.

Council of Science Editors:

Lin W. EVALUATION OF COMPUTERISED PROGRAMS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF BINOCULAR ANOMALIES. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2016. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:305503

University of Manchester

9. Lin, Wei. Evaluation of computerised programs for the diagnosis and treatment of binocular anomalies.

Degree: PhD, 2016, University of Manchester

URL: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/evaluation-of-computerised-programs-for-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-binocular-anomalies(668477e4-5a2c-4bc2-b29f-c2270295bc6c).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.713575

► Computerised diagnostic testing and computerised vision training (VT) have been developed for the orthoptic management of binocular vision (BV) anomalies in clinical practice. Computerised measurement… (more)

▼ Computerised diagnostic testing and computerised vision training (VT) have been developed for the orthoptic management of binocular vision (BV) anomalies in clinical practice. Computerised measurement of BV is assumed to assist accurate diagnosis of BV anomalies because variability of testing resulting from subjective judgements of examiners is eliminated by automatic measurements. Computerised VT is thought to be effective in the treatment of BV anomalies because the computer games used for vision training will enhance the patient's motivation. However, these assumptions were lacking scientific support. This thesis reports a range of studies to investigate the computerised programs of diagnostic testing (HTS-BVA) and vision training (HTS-iNet) in comparison with corresponding traditional approaches, respectively. The first study was to investigate inter-session repeatability of computerised testing on BV functions. The study results showed that computerised testing on measuring near horizontal fusional vergence (FV) and accommodative facility (AF) did not present higher inter-session repeatability than corresponding traditional testing. The second study was a pilot study for a future rigorous randomized clinical trial (RCT) investigating effectiveness of computerised VT as a home-based treatment for convergence insufficiency (CI). The study results showed the subjects with CI demonstrated improvement of near point of convergence (NPC), near base-out FV and symptoms associated with CI after an 8-week treatment regime. The third study, following from the first study, was to investigate whether accommodative responses (AR) are affected by the novel accommodative stimuli used in computerised AF testing. The study results showed the AR might be affected by the colours of accommodative targets and the colour filter used. Especially, the data of accommodative demand of 4 dioptres revealed that blue targets presented poorer AR than red targets, and the targets seen with colour filters presented poorer AR than those seen without colour filters. The fourth study, also following from the first study, was to investigate whether a prolonged near vision task affects measurements made relating to the near FV system, thus contributing to the variability of clinical findings. The study results showed statistically significant changes in NPC and near dissociated phoria. In further sub-group analyses, the subjects with an initially poor NPC (n = 9) presented greater changes in the NPC and near dissociated phoria than the subjects with normal poor NPC (n = 25).Overall, the computerised testing did not show more repeatable BV measurements than the traditional testing. Finally, an RCT is needed to determine if the computerised VT is more effective than placebo computerised VT as a home-based treatment for CI.

Subjects/Keywords: 617.7; Vision Training; Diagnostic Testing; Binocular Vision

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lin, W. (2016). Evaluation of computerised programs for the diagnosis and treatment of binocular anomalies. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/evaluation-of-computerised-programs-for-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-binocular-anomalies(668477e4-5a2c-4bc2-b29f-c2270295bc6c).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.713575

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lin, Wei. “Evaluation of computerised programs for the diagnosis and treatment of binocular anomalies.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed March 07, 2021. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/evaluation-of-computerised-programs-for-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-binocular-anomalies(668477e4-5a2c-4bc2-b29f-c2270295bc6c).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.713575.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lin, Wei. “Evaluation of computerised programs for the diagnosis and treatment of binocular anomalies.” 2016. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Lin W. Evaluation of computerised programs for the diagnosis and treatment of binocular anomalies. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/evaluation-of-computerised-programs-for-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-binocular-anomalies(668477e4-5a2c-4bc2-b29f-c2270295bc6c).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.713575.

Council of Science Editors:

Lin W. Evaluation of computerised programs for the diagnosis and treatment of binocular anomalies. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2016. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/evaluation-of-computerised-programs-for-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-binocular-anomalies(668477e4-5a2c-4bc2-b29f-c2270295bc6c).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.713575

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

10. Cheng, Sijing. Modeling the neural population of simple cells tuned to horizontal disparity.

Degree: 2016, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

URL: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-86632 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1610790 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-86632/1/th_redirect.html

► The responses of complex cells in the mammalian visual system are often modeled by the disparity energy model. The model linearly combines inputs from binocular… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Binocular vision ; Mathematical models ; Computer vision

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cheng, S. (2016). Modeling the neural population of simple cells tuned to horizontal disparity. (Thesis). Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-86632 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1610790 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-86632/1/th_redirect.html

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cheng, Sijing. “Modeling the neural population of simple cells tuned to horizontal disparity.” 2016. Thesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-86632 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1610790 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-86632/1/th_redirect.html.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cheng, Sijing. “Modeling the neural population of simple cells tuned to horizontal disparity.” 2016. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Cheng S. Modeling the neural population of simple cells tuned to horizontal disparity. [Internet] [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-86632 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1610790 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-86632/1/th_redirect.html.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cheng S. Modeling the neural population of simple cells tuned to horizontal disparity. [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 2016. Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-86632 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1610790 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-86632/1/th_redirect.html

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

11. Zhao, Zhetuo. Learning hierarchical integration of foveal and peripheral vision for vergence control.

Degree: 2016, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

URL: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-86951 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1626123 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-86951/1/th_redirect.html

► Joint development of perception and behavior based on efficient coding theory has been proposed and proved to be an effective approach in the study of… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Eye tracking ; Vergence (Binocular vision) ; Peripheral vision

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zhao, Z. (2016). Learning hierarchical integration of foveal and peripheral vision for vergence control. (Thesis). Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-86951 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1626123 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-86951/1/th_redirect.html

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhao, Zhetuo. “Learning hierarchical integration of foveal and peripheral vision for vergence control.” 2016. Thesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-86951 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1626123 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-86951/1/th_redirect.html.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhao, Zhetuo. “Learning hierarchical integration of foveal and peripheral vision for vergence control.” 2016. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhao Z. Learning hierarchical integration of foveal and peripheral vision for vergence control. [Internet] [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-86951 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1626123 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-86951/1/th_redirect.html.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Zhao Z. Learning hierarchical integration of foveal and peripheral vision for vergence control. [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 2016. Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-86951 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1626123 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-86951/1/th_redirect.html

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Florida Atlantic University

12. Cox, Dustin. Traveling Waves of Dominance in Motion-Induced Blindness.

Degree: MS, 2016, Florida Atlantic University

URL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004704 ; (URL) http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004704

►

Summary: In the present study, it was examined whether the spatiotemporal dynamics of transitions towards target dominance in motion-induced blindness (MIB) were wave-like, similar to… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Binocular rivalry; Binocular vision; Visual pathways; Visual perception

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cox, D. (2016). Traveling Waves of Dominance in Motion-Induced Blindness. (Masters Thesis). Florida Atlantic University. Retrieved from http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004704 ; (URL) http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004704

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cox, Dustin. “Traveling Waves of Dominance in Motion-Induced Blindness.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Florida Atlantic University. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004704 ; (URL) http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004704.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cox, Dustin. “Traveling Waves of Dominance in Motion-Induced Blindness.” 2016. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Cox D. Traveling Waves of Dominance in Motion-Induced Blindness. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Florida Atlantic University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004704 ; (URL) http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004704.

Council of Science Editors:

Cox D. Traveling Waves of Dominance in Motion-Induced Blindness. [Masters Thesis]. Florida Atlantic University; 2016. Available from: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004704 ; (URL) http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004704

Indiana University

13. Fath, Aaron J. THE FUNCTIONAL ROLES OF THE MOTION PERCEPTION SYSTEMS .

Degree: 2016, Indiana University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2022/21222

► There are several sources of visual information about motion. One is simply the motion on the retina, known as optic flow, caused by motion in… (more)

▼ There are several sources of visual information about motion. One is simply the motion on the retina, known as optic flow, caused by motion in the world. Another source of flow-based information is the differences between the optic flow fields of the two eyes, known as interocular velocity differences. Also, there is disparity-based information about motion in the form of the changes in binocular disparity over time that result from motion. This dissertation concerns the results of experimental work to determine the functional differences between the systems that utilize these sources of information. In the context of perception of time-to-contact, flow-based information is used to perceive objects moving at high velocity and disparity-based information is used to perceive objects moving at low velocity. When both are available, these cues are not combined. Instead, humans just rely on the superior form of information, given the object’s velocity. In the context of perception of lateral motion, there are greater latencies when processing disparity-based information than when processing flow-based information. Despite this, disparity-based information alone is sufficient to guide perception of, and coordination with, laterally moving objects with no decrease in performance compared to normal viewing conditions that present all sources of motion information. I also discuss work that showed how important motion information is to the perception of static properties like object shape. Specifically, ths work demonstrated that both flow- and disparity-based information are necessary for perception of metric shape, as is 45° or more of continuous perspective change. In addition, static disparity alone is not enough; dynamic changes in disparity are required. Our data suppor1 the way in which the model of R. Foster et al. (2011) combines this information, although this model needs to be revised because it assumed combination of flow and static disparity, not dynamic changes in disparity. Over the course of this work, I have revisited several well-researched perceptual and perceptuomotor tasks and investigated the roles of flow-and disparity-based motion information in their execution. This work has shed light on both the mechanisms that underlie motion perception and the role of motion perception in other tasks. Advisors/Committee Members: Bingham, Geoffrey (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: motion perception; binocular vision; shape perception; optic flow; binocular disparity

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Fath, A. J. (2016). THE FUNCTIONAL ROLES OF THE MOTION PERCEPTION SYSTEMS . (Thesis). Indiana University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2022/21222

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fath, Aaron J. “THE FUNCTIONAL ROLES OF THE MOTION PERCEPTION SYSTEMS .” 2016. Thesis, Indiana University. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2022/21222.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fath, Aaron J. “THE FUNCTIONAL ROLES OF THE MOTION PERCEPTION SYSTEMS .” 2016. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Fath AJ. THE FUNCTIONAL ROLES OF THE MOTION PERCEPTION SYSTEMS . [Internet] [Thesis]. Indiana University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2022/21222.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Fath AJ. THE FUNCTIONAL ROLES OF THE MOTION PERCEPTION SYSTEMS . [Thesis]. Indiana University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2022/21222

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Arizona

14. Hammonds, John Edward, 1936-. The latency of binocular suppression in the EEG of man .

Degree: 1966, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/317969

Subjects/Keywords: Binocular vision.; Electroencephalography.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hammonds, John Edward, 1. (1966). The latency of binocular suppression in the EEG of man . (Masters Thesis). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/317969

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hammonds, John Edward, 1936-. “The latency of binocular suppression in the EEG of man .” 1966. Masters Thesis, University of Arizona. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/317969.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hammonds, John Edward, 1936-. “The latency of binocular suppression in the EEG of man .” 1966. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Hammonds, John Edward 1. The latency of binocular suppression in the EEG of man . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arizona; 1966. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/317969.

Council of Science Editors:

Hammonds, John Edward 1. The latency of binocular suppression in the EEG of man . [Masters Thesis]. University of Arizona; 1966. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/317969

University of New South Wales

15. Vedamurthy, Indu. Interocular interactions in normal and amblyopic visual systems.

Degree: Optometry and Vision Science, 2006, University of New South Wales

URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24931 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:997/SOURCE1?view=true

► The aim of this study was to add to our understanding of interocular interactions in normally sighted children (Group I, N=20), normal adults (Group II,… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Amblyopia; Binocular vision

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APA (6^th Edition):

Vedamurthy, I. (2006). Interocular interactions in normal and amblyopic visual systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24931 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:997/SOURCE1?view=true

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Vedamurthy, Indu. “Interocular interactions in normal and amblyopic visual systems.” 2006. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New South Wales. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24931 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:997/SOURCE1?view=true.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vedamurthy, Indu. “Interocular interactions in normal and amblyopic visual systems.” 2006. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Vedamurthy I. Interocular interactions in normal and amblyopic visual systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2006. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24931 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:997/SOURCE1?view=true.

Council of Science Editors:

Vedamurthy I. Interocular interactions in normal and amblyopic visual systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2006. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24931 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:997/SOURCE1?view=true

University of Texas – Austin

16. McCann, Brian Clark. Naturalistic depth perception.

Degree: PhD, Psychology, 2015, University of Texas – Austin

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/31656

► Making inferences about the 3-dimensional spatial structure of natural scenes is a critical visual function. While spatial discrimination both in depth and on the image… (more)

▼ Making inferences about the 3-dimensional spatial structure of natural scenes is a critical visual function. While spatial discrimination both in depth and on the image plane has been well characterized for simple stimuli, little is known about our ability to discriminate depth in natural scenes, particularly at far distances. To begin filling in this gap we: (i) developed a database of 80 stereoscopic images paired with the corresponding measured distance information, (ii) used these scenes as psychophysical stimuli and measured near-far discrimination acuity in 4 observers as a function of distance and the visual angle separating the targets, (iii) made additional measurements under patched-eye (monocular) viewing conditions to evaluate the importance of binocular vision in depth discrimination as a function of viewing geometries. We find that binocular thresholds are roughly a constant Weber fraction of the distance for absolute distances ranging from 4 to 28 meters. Further, measured thresholds were around 1% for small separations, and increased to 4% for stimuli separated by 10 deg. Thus, the ability to discriminate depth in natural scenes is very good out to considerable distances. To investigate the basis of this discrimination ability, monocular thresholds were measured. We found that monocular thresholds were elevated for distances less than 15 meters, but were comparable to binocular thresholds for greater distances. Accurate depth perception depends on combining (fusing) multiple sources of sensory information. Thus binocular thresholds probably involve fusing separate monocular and disparity-derived estimates. Under the assumption of Gaussian distributed independent estimates, Bayes rule provides a simple reliability-weighted summation model of cue combination. Using disparity threshold measurements by Blakemore (1970), and the current monocular thresholds, parameter-free predictions were generated for the current binocular thresholds. These predictions were in broad agreement with the data, suggesting that the disparity and monocular cues are separable and combined optimally in natural scenes. Advisors/Committee Members: Geisler, Wilson S. (advisor), Hayhoe, Mary (advisor), Huk, Alex (committee member), Cormack, Larry (committee member), Bovik, Al (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Vision; Depth perception; Binocular; Stereopsis; Natural scene

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

McCann, B. C. (2015). Naturalistic depth perception. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/31656

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McCann, Brian Clark. “Naturalistic depth perception.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/31656.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McCann, Brian Clark. “Naturalistic depth perception.” 2015. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

McCann BC. Naturalistic depth perception. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/31656.

Council of Science Editors:

McCann BC. Naturalistic depth perception. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/31656

The Ohio State University

17. Sheedy, James E. Binocular fusion.

Degree: PhD, Graduate School, 1977, The Ohio State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487064731705683

Subjects/Keywords: Psychology; Binocular vision

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sheedy, J. E. (1977). Binocular fusion. (Doctoral Dissertation). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487064731705683

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sheedy, James E. “Binocular fusion.” 1977. Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487064731705683.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sheedy, James E. “Binocular fusion.” 1977. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Sheedy JE. Binocular fusion. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 1977. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487064731705683.

Council of Science Editors:

Sheedy JE. Binocular fusion. [Doctoral Dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 1977. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487064731705683

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

18. Tsang, Kong Chau. Confidence measures for disparity estimates from energy neuron populations.

Degree: 2007, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

URL: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-3124 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b987800 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-3124/1/th_redirect.html

► In mammals, binocular fusion takes place over a limited region, known as Panum's fusional area, which is much smaller than the range of binocular disparities… (more)

▼ In mammals, binocular fusion takes place over a limited region, known as Panum's fusional area, which is much smaller than the range of binocular disparities encountered in natural scenes. This discrepancy suggests that there must be a mechanism for detecting whether the stimulus disparity is inside or outside the range of the preferred disparities of disparity-tuned neurons in the brain. However, this mechanism has received little attention to date. This thesis describes a biologically-plausible approach to address this detection problem. We compare the efficacy of several features computed from a population of disparity-tuned neurons as confidence measures that differentiate between in-range and out-of-range disparities. Interestingly, some intuitively appealing features, such as the average activation across the population and the difference between the peak and average responses, actually perform poorly. On the other hand, we find that normalizing the difference between the peak and average responses results in a reliable confidence measure. We validate our findings experimentally using both real and synthetic images, and theoretically using a probabilistic model of the population responses. This probabilistic model also enables us to derive a biologically-plausible detector which combines multiple features to improve the performance. Using this normalized feature, we also propose a new approach to estimate the stimulus disparity. The model computes the confidence for neural populations and estimates the disparity from the population with the highest confidence. In contrast to the sequential approach in a previously proposed coarse-to-fine model, our model operates in parallel. Working on real-world stereograms, our approach outperforms the coarse-to-fine model and it has the ability to identify occluded regions. Finally, we demonstrate the efficacy of the confidence measure in a stereo vision system. The system can compute and evaluate the population responses of disparity-tuned neurons in real time, and it can control virtual vergence eye movements.

Subjects/Keywords: Binocular vision ; Computer vision

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tsang, K. C. (2007). Confidence measures for disparity estimates from energy neuron populations. (Thesis). Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-3124 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b987800 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-3124/1/th_redirect.html

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tsang, Kong Chau. “Confidence measures for disparity estimates from energy neuron populations.” 2007. Thesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-3124 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b987800 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-3124/1/th_redirect.html.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tsang, Kong Chau. “Confidence measures for disparity estimates from energy neuron populations.” 2007. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Tsang KC. Confidence measures for disparity estimates from energy neuron populations. [Internet] [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 2007. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-3124 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b987800 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-3124/1/th_redirect.html.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Tsang KC. Confidence measures for disparity estimates from energy neuron populations. [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 2007. Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-3124 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b987800 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-3124/1/th_redirect.html

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

The Ohio State University

19. Shasteen, Nahrain Mary. Study of the Effects of Accommodative Insufficiency Therapy (SEA IT).

Degree: MS, Vision Science, 2012, The Ohio State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338337466

► Accommodative insufficiency is a binocular vision disorder characterized by a decrease in age expected amplitudes of accommodation. This condition can result in symptoms of headaches,… (more)

▼ Accommodative insufficiency is a binocular vision disorder characterized by a decrease in age expected amplitudes of accommodation. This condition can result in symptoms of headaches, blurred vision and asthenopia. Vision therapy has been utilized in helping treat patients with accommodative insufficiency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the repeatability of the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) in subjects with accommodative insufficiency. This study also examined the improvement in CISS scores following 8 weeks of weekly 1-hour office-based vision therapy with home reinforcement. Improvements in accommodation and vergence measures were also examined as part of this study. Subjects ages 9 to 30 were enrolled in the study. Measures of amplitudes of accommodation, accommodative facility, accommodative response, and vergence function were evaluated at baseline and were repeated following 8 weeks of vision therapy. Final outcome sensorimotor measures and CISS scores were collected by examiners masked to the subject’s progress and compliance with vision therapy. Using the method described by Bland-Altman, the CISS was found to be repeatable in subjects with accommodative insufficiency. The mean difference in scores between two administrations was 1.47 point with 95% limits of agreement of -5.19 and 8.13. Analysis using student’s t or the Wilcoxan sign rank test showed a statistically significant improvement in amplitudes of accommodation (AA) (p<0.001), monocular accommodative facility (MAF) (p≤.0009) and amplitude scaled monocular accommodative facility (MAF-S) (p≤.034). Statistically significant improvements in CISS scores were also noted (p=0.0003). Accommodative function is known to decrease with increasing age. Therefore, differences in improvements between adults and children were also investigated. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed statistically significant differences in improvements between age groups in AA, MAF, and CISS. The results of this study show that 8 weeks of weekly 1-hour office-based vision therapy and home reinforcement results in a decrease of symptoms and increase in accommodative measures in patients with accommodative insufficiency. Advisors/Committee Members: Kulp, Marjean Taylor (Advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: accommodation; accommodative insufficiency; binocular vision; vision therapy; accommodative therapy; orthoptics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Shasteen, N. M. (2012). Study of the Effects of Accommodative Insufficiency Therapy (SEA IT). (Masters Thesis). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338337466

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Shasteen, Nahrain Mary. “Study of the Effects of Accommodative Insufficiency Therapy (SEA IT).” 2012. Masters Thesis, The Ohio State University. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338337466.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Shasteen, Nahrain Mary. “Study of the Effects of Accommodative Insufficiency Therapy (SEA IT).” 2012. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Shasteen NM. Study of the Effects of Accommodative Insufficiency Therapy (SEA IT). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. The Ohio State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338337466.

Council of Science Editors:

Shasteen NM. Study of the Effects of Accommodative Insufficiency Therapy (SEA IT). [Masters Thesis]. The Ohio State University; 2012. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338337466

University of New South Wales

20. Marlow, Phillip James. Perceived visual direction at the edge between two surfaces at different stereoscopic depths.

Degree: Psychology, 2010, University of New South Wales

URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/45633 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:8915/SOURCE02?view=true

► The perceived relative direction of a pair of features can be intermediate between their relative direction in the two eyes. It is known that the… (more)

▼ The perceived relative direction of a pair of features can be intermediate between their relative direction in the two eyes. It is known that the perceived relative direction of the features can be altered by making their disparity gradient steep. Features at the edge between two surfaces at different depths form steep disparity gradients. These features are typically next to features on the same surface with the same disparity. These additional features were found to mitigate the effect of steep disparity gradients on perceived direction. The effect of the additional features was found to vary with their contrast, their contrast polarity and their separation relative to the features that define a steep disparity gradient. Hence, these stimulus properties determine whether disparity gradients affect the perceived direction of features at surface edges. That the perceived relative direction of a pair of features can be an average of the angles that they subtend at each eye supports the theory that perceived visual directions are referred to a point midway between the eyes (cyclopean eye). However, from this reference point, an occluding surface would hide features on the background that are visible to the left eye next to its left edge or visible to the right eye next to its right edge. Ono et. al. (2002) proposed that the perceived direction of these features is shifted laterally from their true direction when the occluder is fixated and the occluder is shifted in the opposite direction when the background is fixated. Erkelens et. al. (1996) proposed that the perceived direction of features is referred to the eye that views the monocular region instead of a cyclopean eye so that both surfaces may be perceived in their true direction. In the present study, two occluders were arranged so that a left side edge was physically aligned with a right side edge. The monocularly visible background texture next to these edges was also physically aligned. Consistent with the first proposal, the monocular regions or the edges of the occluders were found to appear laterally offset from one another indicating that their perceived direction was incorrect. Erkelens et. al. (1996) found that the perceived direction of the left and right edges of an occluding surface relative to a line on the background was found to be more strongly influenced by their position in the eye that views the monocular region of the background next to the edge than by their position in the other eye. In the present study, this Erkelens-bias was found with fixation on the background surface, but was not found with fixation on the occluder, which is also consistent with the first proposal. The Erkelens-bias decreased with the lateral separation of a target line on the occluder from its edge. The Erkelens-bias was found even when all texture on the surfaces was eliminated except for the outline of a foreground surface and a single line on the background surface. This indicates that the Erkelens-bias does not require the presence of either steep disparity… Advisors/Committee Members: GIllam, Barbara, Psychology, Faculty of Science, UNSW.

Subjects/Keywords: Visual direction; Binocular vision; Binocular integration

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Marlow, P. J. (2010). Perceived visual direction at the edge between two surfaces at different stereoscopic depths. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/45633 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:8915/SOURCE02?view=true

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Marlow, Phillip James. “Perceived visual direction at the edge between two surfaces at different stereoscopic depths.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New South Wales. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/45633 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:8915/SOURCE02?view=true.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Marlow, Phillip James. “Perceived visual direction at the edge between two surfaces at different stereoscopic depths.” 2010. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Marlow PJ. Perceived visual direction at the edge between two surfaces at different stereoscopic depths. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/45633 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:8915/SOURCE02?view=true.

Council of Science Editors:

Marlow PJ. Perceived visual direction at the edge between two surfaces at different stereoscopic depths. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2010. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/45633 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:8915/SOURCE02?view=true

University of Sydney

21. Cornell, Elaine. Binocular alignment and vergence errors in free space .

Degree: 2004, University of Sydney

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5411

► The human, along with other primates, has forward placed eyes, and an area of acute vision (the fovea) on each retina. The overlap of the… (more)

▼ The human, along with other primates, has forward placed eyes, and an area of acute vision (the fovea) on each retina. The overlap of the visual fields and the hemi-decussation of the visual pathways at the optic chiasm provide the basis for binocular vision, in particular stereopsis, the accurate perception of the position of objects in three dimensional space and an improved ability to perceive the form of solid objects. An intricate system of eye movements is needed to achieve and maintain stable foveal fixation on each eye in an environment where visual targets vary in direction and depth, where the visual environment may be moving, the eyes or the rest of the body is moving. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of binocular alignment for far and near fixations, under relatively natural conditions. To achieve binocular fixation, accurate vergence eye movements are required to align the eyes, and to maintain this alignment when a person changes fixation to objects situated at different distances from the eyes. ‘Pure’ vergence eye movements occur when these objects are situated along the mid sagittal plane, however, in natural conditions other eye movement systems are also involved. To understand the contribution of different eye movement systems to binocular fixation at different distances, the accuracy of binocular alignment in subjects with normal binocular single vision was evaluated in subjects with normal binocular vision under the following conditions • Fixation on targets along the mid sagittal plane (vergence eye movements only) • Fixation on targets displaced to either side of the mid sagittal plane (combined vergence eye movements and saccades • Fixation on earth fixed targets situated straight ahead in space, but with the head tilted to either side (combined vergence eye movements, saccades and torsional eye movements). The protocol for all experiments was approved by the Human Ethics Committee of the University of Sydney and followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Throughout this thesis the term ‘binocular alignment’ will be used to describe the position of each eye during or following a change in vergence. The term ‘vergence error’ will refer to situations where the angle of vergence alignment is different from that required, so that the image of the fixation target does not fall on the fovea of one or both eyes.

Subjects/Keywords: Binocular vision; Binocular rivalry; Visual perception

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Cornell, E. (2004). Binocular alignment and vergence errors in free space . (Thesis). University of Sydney. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5411

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cornell, Elaine. “Binocular alignment and vergence errors in free space .” 2004. Thesis, University of Sydney. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5411.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cornell, Elaine. “Binocular alignment and vergence errors in free space .” 2004. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Cornell E. Binocular alignment and vergence errors in free space . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Sydney; 2004. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5411.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cornell E. Binocular alignment and vergence errors in free space . [Thesis]. University of Sydney; 2004. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5411

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Universiteit Utrecht

22. Holten, V. The influence of visual stimuli on posture.

Degree: 2015, Universiteit Utrecht

URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/311447

► Humans move through the environment without loosing balance or bumping into other objects or organisms. In order to achieve this ability, the brain uses incoming… (more)

▼ Humans move through the environment without loosing balance or bumping into other objects or organisms. In order to achieve this ability, the brain uses incoming information from several senses. If stationary observers receive information from the visual system signaling self-motion through the environment, while information from the vestibular and proprioceptive systems suggest a stationary observer, visual information overrides the information from both other sensory systems. As a consequence, observers start to sway. The main focus of this thesis was on whether only direct visual stimulation (i.e. visual motion presented to the retina; a stimulus-response mechanism) or also indirect visual stimulation (i.e. motion not presented to retina but generated internally) induces postural sway. Specific stimulus characteristics were manipulated and illusory visual motion signals in the absence of external visual stimulation were used to investigate this question. As a first question, we have investigated whether the strength of perceived self-motion and the induced postural sway magnitude are directly related. Radial optic flow patterns simulating self-motion through the environment were presented to stationary observers. Rigid optic flow patterns generated a stronger sensation of self-motion but generated less postural sway than non-rigid optic flow patterns. Apparently, visuo-vestibular interactions are tailored to compensate for rigid optic flow stimuli. Additionally, we showed that an often-observed directional anisotropy in postural sway between expanding and contracting optic flow did not have a biomechanical origin. To avoid this directional anisotropy, we used horizontal translating dot patterns to examine whether the perceptual strength (manipulated by varying the speed and dot contrast) of a stimulus influences the postural sway magnitude. Results showed that the induced sway magnitude and sway direction depend on the speed and contrast of a stimulus moving in a single direction. This result suggests that visuo-vestibular interactions are influenced by an internal representation of visual motion, rather than being a direct consequence of the stimulus. Further evidence for such an internal representation of visual motion influencing postural sway, was provided by the finding that the illusory motion generated by the motion aftereffect induced postural sway as well. We also examined two perceptual predictions derived from the sway results. First, we expected an asymmetry in perceptual strength between radial optic flow directions to mirror the directional anisotropy apparent in postural sway. However, the results showed the opposite asymmetry, suggesting an inverse relationship between the perceptual strength of radial optic flow directions and the induced postural sway magnitude. This perceptual asymmetry was also observed at the level of perceptual grouping during binocular rivalry. Grouped expanding optic flow was perceived for longer durations than grouped contracting optic flow, but only when the structure… Advisors/Committee Members: Verstraten, F.A.J., Smagt, M.J. van der, Donker, S.F..

Subjects/Keywords: Optic flow; Postural sway; Translation; Vision; Psychophysics; Binocular rivalry

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Holten, V. (2015). The influence of visual stimuli on posture. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/311447

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Holten, V. “The influence of visual stimuli on posture.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/311447.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Holten, V. “The influence of visual stimuli on posture.” 2015. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Holten V. The influence of visual stimuli on posture. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/311447.

Council of Science Editors:

Holten V. The influence of visual stimuli on posture. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2015. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/311447

Universiteit Utrecht

23. Barendregt, M. Two eyes, one vision: binocular motion perception in human visual cortex.

Degree: 2016, Universiteit Utrecht

URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/338045

► An important aspect of human vision is the fact that it is binocular, i.e. that we have two eyes. As a result, the brain nearly… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Binocular vision; motion perception; motion agnosia; fMRI; Population receptive fields

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Barendregt, M. (2016). Two eyes, one vision: binocular motion perception in human visual cortex. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/338045

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Barendregt, M. “Two eyes, one vision: binocular motion perception in human visual cortex.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/338045.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Barendregt, M. “Two eyes, one vision: binocular motion perception in human visual cortex.” 2016. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Barendregt M. Two eyes, one vision: binocular motion perception in human visual cortex. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/338045.

Council of Science Editors:

Barendregt M. Two eyes, one vision: binocular motion perception in human visual cortex. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2016. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/338045

University of Waterloo

24. Jiao, Yan. Design of Binocular Stereo Vision System Via CNN-based Stereo Matching Algorithm.

Degree: 2020, University of Waterloo

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/16099

► Stereo vision is one of the representative technologies in the 3D camera, using multiple cameras to perceive the depth information in the three-dimensional space. The… (more)

▼ Stereo vision is one of the representative technologies in the 3D camera, using multiple cameras to perceive the depth information in the three-dimensional space. The binocular one has become the most widely applied method in stereo vision. So in our thesis, we design a binocular stereo vision system based on an adjustable narrow-baseline stereo camera, which can simultaneously capture the left and right images belonging to a stereo image pair. The camera calibration and rectification techniques are firstly performed to get rectified stereo pairs, serving as the input to the subsequent step, that is, searching the corresponding points between the left and right images. The stereo matching algorithm resolves the correspondence problem and plays a crucial part in our system, which produces disparity maps targeted at predicting the depths with the help of the triangulation principle. We focus on the first stage of this algorithm, proposing a CNN-based approach to calculating the matching cost by measuring the similarity level between two image patches. Two kinds of network architectures are presented and both of them are based on the siamese network. The fast network employs the cosine metric to compute the similarity level at a satisfactory accuracy and processing speed. While the slow network is aimed at learning a new metric, making the disparity prediction slightly more precise but at the cost of spending way more image handling time and counting on more parameters. The output of either network is regarded as the initial matching cost, followed by a series of post-processing methods, including cross-based cost aggregation as well as semi-global cost aggregation. With the trick of Winner-Take-All (WTA), the raw disparity map is attained and it will undergo further refinement procedures containing interpolation and image filtering. The above networks are trained and validated on three standard stereo datasets: Middlebury, KITTI 2012, and KITTI 2015. The contrast tests of CNN-based methods and census transformation have demonstrated that the former approach outperforms the later one on the mentioned datasets. The algorithm based on the fast network is adopted in our devised system. To evaluate the performance of a binocular stereo vision system, two types of error criteria are come up with, acquiring the proper range of working distance under diverse baseline lengths.

Subjects/Keywords: binocular stereo vision; convolutional neural network; stereo matching algorithm

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Jiao, Y. (2020). Design of Binocular Stereo Vision System Via CNN-based Stereo Matching Algorithm. (Thesis). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10012/16099

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jiao, Yan. “Design of Binocular Stereo Vision System Via CNN-based Stereo Matching Algorithm.” 2020. Thesis, University of Waterloo. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/16099.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jiao, Yan. “Design of Binocular Stereo Vision System Via CNN-based Stereo Matching Algorithm.” 2020. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Jiao Y. Design of Binocular Stereo Vision System Via CNN-based Stereo Matching Algorithm. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/16099.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jiao Y. Design of Binocular Stereo Vision System Via CNN-based Stereo Matching Algorithm. [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/16099

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Ottawa

25. Zhao, Mingchang. Keypoint-Based Binocular Distance Measurement for Pedestrian Detection System on Vehicle .

Degree: 2014, University of Ottawa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31693

► The Pedestrian Detection System (PDS) has become a significant area of research designed to protect pedestrians. Despite the huge number of research work, the most… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Binocular Vision; Pedestrian Detection; Distance Measurement; Driving Assist System

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Zhao, M. (2014). Keypoint-Based Binocular Distance Measurement for Pedestrian Detection System on Vehicle . (Thesis). University of Ottawa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31693

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhao, Mingchang. “Keypoint-Based Binocular Distance Measurement for Pedestrian Detection System on Vehicle .” 2014. Thesis, University of Ottawa. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31693.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhao, Mingchang. “Keypoint-Based Binocular Distance Measurement for Pedestrian Detection System on Vehicle .” 2014. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhao M. Keypoint-Based Binocular Distance Measurement for Pedestrian Detection System on Vehicle . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31693.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Zhao M. Keypoint-Based Binocular Distance Measurement for Pedestrian Detection System on Vehicle . [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31693

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Oxford

26. Glennerster, Andrew. The role of spatial scale in binocular stereopsis.

Degree: PhD, 1993, University of Oxford

URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:13ecf058-eea2-4c4c-8d25-332a8827b774 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334287

► A model of stereopsis is proposed in which information from each eye's image is organised as a scale-based hierarchy before binocular comparison. The algorithm incorporates… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: 150; Binocular vision : Visual perception

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APA (6^th Edition):

Glennerster, A. (1993). The role of spatial scale in binocular stereopsis. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:13ecf058-eea2-4c4c-8d25-332a8827b774 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334287

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Glennerster, Andrew. “The role of spatial scale in binocular stereopsis.” 1993. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:13ecf058-eea2-4c4c-8d25-332a8827b774 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334287.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Glennerster, Andrew. “The role of spatial scale in binocular stereopsis.” 1993. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Glennerster A. The role of spatial scale in binocular stereopsis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 1993. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:13ecf058-eea2-4c4c-8d25-332a8827b774 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334287.

Council of Science Editors:

Glennerster A. The role of spatial scale in binocular stereopsis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 1993. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:13ecf058-eea2-4c4c-8d25-332a8827b774 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334287

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

27. Chang, Kam Man. Eye fatigue when viewing stereo images presented on a binocular display : effects of matching lens focus with stereoscopic depth cues.

Degree: 2008, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

URL: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-4988 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1029926 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-4988/1/th_redirect.html

► When viewing a real object, our eyes will accommodate to focus at the object. At the same time, our eyes will also verge so that… (more)

▼ When viewing a real object, our eyes will accommodate to focus at the object. At the same time, our eyes will also verge so that the visual axis of both eyes will point towards that object. In other words, the vergence of eyes will change in accordance to the accommodation of the eyes. However this relationship may be disturbed when viewing stereo images with changing stereo depths presented on a binocular display with fixed lens focus. The incompatibility between the varying stereo depth and the fixed lens focus can post an unnatural demand on human vergence eye movements. This may cause eye fatigue. An experiment has been conducted to investigate the levels of eye fatigue caused by viewing stereo images with changing stereo depths on a binocular display with compatible and incompatible lens focuses. Four viewing conditions have been studied and they exhaust the factorial combinations of two lens focus (40cm and 200cm) and two changing stereo depth cues (40cm ± 0.3 dioptres and 200cm ± 0.3 dioptres). This design examines the effects of lens focus, stero depth, and their interactions (i.e., compatibility between lens focus and stereo depth). In this study, we are interested in the compatibility effects when the lens focus or stereo depth is controlled at 40cm and 200cm, respectively. When using a binocular display with fixed lens focus of 200cm, viewing stereo images with incompatible stereo depths (40cm) can significantly increase the rated levels of eye fatigue (p<0.001, F1,383 = 33, ANOVA). This is an important finding and carries serious implications to those manufacturers of binocular displays with fixed lens focus of 200cm (e.g., iMD Ltd.). Unfortunately, adjusting the lens focus of the displays to 40cm to match the stereo depths of the images did not result in significant reduction in eye fatigue (p>0.5, F1,383 = 0.36, ANOVA). The lack of benefits is due to an opposite confounding effects of accommodation on eye fatigue: as the lens focus is reduced to match with the stereo depth, the accommodative demand on the eyes is increased. The former reduces the levels of eye fatigue while the latter does the opposite. Data also indicate that when the confounding effect of accommodation is in agreement with the compatibility effects between lens focus and stereo depth, very significant reduction in rated levels of eye fatigue are reported when lens focus is changed from 40cm to 200cm in order to match with images of stereo depths of 200cm ((p<0.001, F1,383 = 55.5, ANOVA). Further discussion and implications to the design of binocular displays can be found in the thesis.

Subjects/Keywords: Eyestrain ; Stereoscopic views ; Binocular vision

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Chang, K. M. (2008). Eye fatigue when viewing stereo images presented on a binocular display : effects of matching lens focus with stereoscopic depth cues. (Thesis). Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-4988 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1029926 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-4988/1/th_redirect.html

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chang, Kam Man. “Eye fatigue when viewing stereo images presented on a binocular display : effects of matching lens focus with stereoscopic depth cues.” 2008. Thesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-4988 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1029926 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-4988/1/th_redirect.html.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chang, Kam Man. “Eye fatigue when viewing stereo images presented on a binocular display : effects of matching lens focus with stereoscopic depth cues.” 2008. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Chang KM. Eye fatigue when viewing stereo images presented on a binocular display : effects of matching lens focus with stereoscopic depth cues. [Internet] [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 2008. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-4988 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1029926 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-4988/1/th_redirect.html.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chang KM. Eye fatigue when viewing stereo images presented on a binocular display : effects of matching lens focus with stereoscopic depth cues. [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 2008. Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-4988 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1029926 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-4988/1/th_redirect.html

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

28. Cheong, Ye Hur IELM. Vertical stripes within Chinese characters slow down reading speeds : a binocular fixation issue.

Degree: 2017, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

URL: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-90956 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-991012555666603412 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-90956/1/th_redirect.html

► Past studies in English and German texts have shown that a vertical striped word (one which consists of repetitive vertical stripe components) is associated with… (more)

▼ Past studies in English and German texts have shown that a vertical striped word (one which consists of repetitive vertical stripe components) is associated with a longer reading and binocular fixation times. A biologically inspired reason related to binocular fixation has been proposed, which predicts that the prolonged reading time is caused by the additional effort from the binocular vision system to align an image with a high occurrence of vertical stripes projected on the left and right retinas. This study aims to investigate if the proposed theory is true in reading Chinese. In the first experiment, we planned to study whether similar effect persists in Chinese texts. Unlike English and German texts, Chinese text are not alphabetical but are logographic. Three thousand common Chinese characters (taken from a Hong Kong Baptist University Language Center report) were analyzed into three groups: (i) character with more repetitive vertical stripes; (ii) character with less repetitive vertical stripes; and (iii) neutral, using horizontal autocorrelation as an objective measurement. Three measures were utilized in the categorization process based on horizontal autocorrelation; (i) the value of first peak of the horizontal autocorrelation; (ii) difference in value of first peak and the value of the preceding trough in horizontal autocorrelation; (iii) number of peaks of horizontal autocorrelation. The results from experiment 1 and 2 have shown that a character with more repetitive vertical stripes exhibits a significantly longer recognition time than a character with less repetitive vertical stripes. This suggests that the effect of vertical stripes is not restricted on alphabetical texts. In the third experiment gaze movement were recorded throughout to identify the binocular fixation duration for each character. Results suggests that the more repetitive the vertical stripe pattern was, the longer the binocular fixation durations. In summary, the presence of vertical stripes prolonged recognition time and binocular fixation duration of Chinese characters. According to the proposed theory, in a monocular viewing condition the recognition time and fixation duration shall not be affected by the presence of vertical stripes. In addition, the presence of vertical stripes should affect the recognition of a character regardless of the reading orientation. To put the proposed theory under the test, the fourth experiment studied 3 viewing conditions; (i) horizontal binocular viewing; (ii) vertical binocular viewing; (iii) horizontal monocular viewing (non-dominant eye to be occluded). As predicted by the theory, recognition time for character with more repetitive vertical stripes is significantly longer in condition (i) and (ii), but not in condition (iii). Binocular fixation duration (while in condition (iii) it would be monocular fixation duration), is significantly longer with character with more repetitive vertical stripes in condition (i) and (ii) but not in condition (iii). The fifth experiment utilized an iCub…

Subjects/Keywords: Binocular vision ; Pattern recognition systems ; Chinese characters ; Data processing

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Cheong, Y. H. I. (2017). Vertical stripes within Chinese characters slow down reading speeds : a binocular fixation issue. (Thesis). Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-90956 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-991012555666603412 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-90956/1/th_redirect.html

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cheong, Ye Hur IELM. “Vertical stripes within Chinese characters slow down reading speeds : a binocular fixation issue.” 2017. Thesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-90956 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-991012555666603412 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-90956/1/th_redirect.html.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cheong, Ye Hur IELM. “Vertical stripes within Chinese characters slow down reading speeds : a binocular fixation issue.” 2017. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Cheong YHI. Vertical stripes within Chinese characters slow down reading speeds : a binocular fixation issue. [Internet] [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-90956 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-991012555666603412 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-90956/1/th_redirect.html.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cheong YHI. Vertical stripes within Chinese characters slow down reading speeds : a binocular fixation issue. [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 2017. Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-90956 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-991012555666603412 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-90956/1/th_redirect.html

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet

29. Lindblom, Bertil, 1951-. Binocular summation : a neuro-ophthalmological study.

Degree: 1989, University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/12630

Subjects/Keywords: Oftalmologi Ögat Vision; binocular

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lindblom, Bertil, 1. (1989). Binocular summation : a neuro-ophthalmological study. (Thesis). University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2077/12630

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lindblom, Bertil, 1951-. “Binocular summation : a neuro-ophthalmological study.” 1989. Thesis, University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/12630.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lindblom, Bertil, 1951-. “Binocular summation : a neuro-ophthalmological study.” 1989. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Lindblom, Bertil 1. Binocular summation : a neuro-ophthalmological study. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet; 1989. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/12630.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lindblom, Bertil 1. Binocular summation : a neuro-ophthalmological study. [Thesis]. University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet; 1989. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/12630

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

30. Qu, Chao. The role of orientation diversity in binocular vergence control.

Degree: 2011, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

URL: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-7398 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1155585 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-7398/1/th_redirect.html

► Neurons tuned to binocular disparity in area V1 are hypothesized to be responsible for short latency binocular vergence movements, which align the two eyes on… (more)

▼ Neurons tuned to binocular disparity in area V1 are hypothesized to be responsible for short latency binocular vergence movements, which align the two eyes on the same object as it moves in depth. Disparity selective neurons in V1 are not only selective to disparity, but also to other visual stimulus dimensions, in particular orientation. In this work, we explore the role of neurons tuned to different orientations in binocular vergence control. We train an artificial binocular vision system to execute corrective vergence movements based on the outputs of disparity selective neurons tuned to different orientations and scales. We find that neurons tuned to non-vertical orientations have strong effect on the vergence eye movements. Although adding neurons tuned to non-vertical orientations does not appear to improve vergence tracking accuracy, we find that neurons tuned to non-vertical orientations still play critical roles in binocular vergence control. First, they increase the robustness of policy to the noise. Second, they also increase the effective range of vergence control. We also compare the effect of different learning algorithms for the control policy. In particular, we compare the use of Attention Gated Reinforcement Learning (AGReL) method, which was used in prior work on this task, with the Natural Actor-Critic method. We show that the performance of the Natural Actor-Critic method surpasses that of AGReL. Although based upon the same input, control policies learned by AGReL can only exploit information about the sign of stereo disparity while the control policies learned by the Natural Actor-Critic method can exploit information about both the sign and magnitude of stereo disparity, leading to faster system responses. Using the Natural Actor-Critic algorithm, we show that the addition of non-vertically oriented disparity selective neurons enables the use of a wider range of vergence commands, which also speeds up the system. Keywords-vergence control, reinforcement learning, orientation diversity

Subjects/Keywords: Binocular vision ; Stereoscopic views ; Visual perception – Data processing ; Orientation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Qu, C. (2011). The role of orientation diversity in binocular vergence control. (Thesis). Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-7398 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1155585 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-7398/1/th_redirect.html

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Qu, Chao. “The role of orientation diversity in binocular vergence control.” 2011. Thesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-7398 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1155585 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-7398/1/th_redirect.html.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Qu, Chao. “The role of orientation diversity in binocular vergence control.” 2011. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Qu C. The role of orientation diversity in binocular vergence control. [Internet] [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-7398 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1155585 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-7398/1/th_redirect.html.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Qu C. The role of orientation diversity in binocular vergence control. [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 2011. Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-7398 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1155585 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-7398/1/th_redirect.html

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations