subject:(beta agonist)

Oklahoma State University

1. Winters, Breanna Jean. Impact of Health Management, Health Treatments and Zilpaterol Hydrochloride Supplementation on Carcass, Color and Palatability Traits.

Degree: Department of Animal Science, 2011, Oklahoma State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/8894

► Two hundred sixty eight strip loins were collected from heifers fed at Oklahoma State Univesity in Stillwater, OK. In phase I, 127 heifers were assigned… (more)

▼ Two hundred sixty eight strip loins were collected from heifers fed at Oklahoma State Univesity in Stillwater, OK. In phase I, 127 heifers were assigned to one of three treatment groups. Antimicrobial administrations (AA) were given based on visual assessment (VA), rumen temperature (RT) or given a metaphylactic treatment of Draxxin (MT) followed by visual assessment. In phase II, 155 heifers were assigned to two treatment groups, control (CON) and zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH). Three steaks were collected from each strip loin, one each for retail display, sensory evaluation and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF). Color was evaluated from the retail display steak using a trained color panel and objectively using a HunterLab Miniscan XE. An Instron Universal Testing Machine with a Warner-Bratzler head was used for evaluation of instrumental tenderness, and a trained sensory panel was used to assess palatability traits. Heifers treated by VA had the least number of AA, lowest yield grade and also had the lightest hot carcass weights compared to the heifers treated by the other health management protocols. There were no subjective color attribute differences or sensory panel differences across all health management systems or AA. There were no differences in carcass and performance traits for any AA treatment groups. Heifers who had 0 or 1 AA had lower a* and b* values compared to those who had 2 AA. In phase II, heifers treated by VA had the least number of AA when compared with MT and RT. Health management group did not have any other effects in carcass, sensory or color attributes. Across all AA, fat thickness, internal fat and marbling all decreased as AA increased. Zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation caused a decrease in internal fat and yield grade, but no interactions between the number of AA and ZH supplementation. As AA increased, tenderness increased and amount of detectable connective tissue decreased. With the supplementation of ZH, there was a negative effect on tenderness, which caused a significant increase in WBSF. At the end of the retail display, the control group had a greater amount of surface discoloration when compared to the ZH group.

Subjects/Keywords: beta agonist; brd; health

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APA (6^th Edition):

Winters, B. J. (2011). Impact of Health Management, Health Treatments and Zilpaterol Hydrochloride Supplementation on Carcass, Color and Palatability Traits. (Thesis). Oklahoma State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/8894

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Winters, Breanna Jean. “Impact of Health Management, Health Treatments and Zilpaterol Hydrochloride Supplementation on Carcass, Color and Palatability Traits.” 2011. Thesis, Oklahoma State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/8894.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Winters, Breanna Jean. “Impact of Health Management, Health Treatments and Zilpaterol Hydrochloride Supplementation on Carcass, Color and Palatability Traits.” 2011. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Winters BJ. Impact of Health Management, Health Treatments and Zilpaterol Hydrochloride Supplementation on Carcass, Color and Palatability Traits. [Internet] [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/8894.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Winters BJ. Impact of Health Management, Health Treatments and Zilpaterol Hydrochloride Supplementation on Carcass, Color and Palatability Traits. [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/8894

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Pretoria

2. Teague, Paul David. The effect of two levels of dietary ractopamine hydrochloride (Paylean®) supplementation on growth performance, feed efficiency and quantitative carcass traits in finisher gilts.

Degree: MSc (Agric), Animal and Wildlife Sciences, 2016, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60863

► Ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC) has been used in the pig production industry for over 30 years. RAC is a beta-adrenergic agonist which is supplemented in the… (more)

▼ Ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC) has been used in the pig production industry for over 30 years. RAC is a beta-adrenergic agonist which is supplemented in the feed during the last 28 days prior to harvesting in finisher pigs to modify the pig's metabolism such that nutrients are redirected to favour muscle accretion rather than adipose deposition, and hence improve growth efficiencies, feed utilisation and carcass revenues. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary ractopamine (Paylean®) supplementation at levels of 0, 5, and 10 mg.kg-1 (hereafter referred to as 0-RAC, 5-RAC, and 10-RAC respectively) on animal growth performance, efficiency and carcass characteristics including daily voluntary feed intake, feed efficiency, absolute daily growth rate (ADG) and daily live weight gain, and backfat thickness for the last 27 days in finishing gilts. In this 27-day study, a homogenous group of 71 grower gilts (LW = 43 ± 1 kg) were pre-selected at a source farm. The gilts were then housed in similar and equally sized group pens at the Hatfield experimental facility of the University of Pretoria and fed a standard maize-soya oilcake based grower ration formulated to contain 0.94% standardised ileal digestible Lys (1.05% total Lys) and 14.01 MJ ME kg-1 during the 28 day pre-adaptation phase. From these gilts, individuals were weighed and 58 gilts selected (average LW = 68.7 ± 4.3 kg), and placed into individual pens and the same diet for 7 days (adaptation phase), afterwhich they were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments in a completely randomized block design with 19, 19, and 20 replicate pens per treatment. The pigs were then fed a standard maize-soya oilcake finisher (treatment) diet containing either 0-RAC, 5-RAC or 10-RAC for 27 d before harvesting. All treatment diets were formulated to contain 1.02% standardised ileal digestible Lys (1.13% total Lys) and 13.96 MJ ME kg-1. Individual pig LW, P2 thickness and pen feed disappearance were recorded weekly to determine LW changes, ADG, ADFI, and G:F. After 27 d on trial, gilts were slaughtered and carcass measurements were recorded at 24 h post-mortem. Overall, RAC supplementation did not affect ADFI or P2 (P > 0.05) but did influence LW (P = 0.049) and overall G:F (P = 0.012) after d27. At d15-d21 and d22-27, only a tendency (P = 0.169, 0.104 respectively) for a linear decrease in G:F with RAC supplementation was found. RAC also affected HCY (P= 0.045) and CCY (P = 0.045) but not fat depth, meat depth or fat % (P > 0.05). These results indicate that RAC may have small but beneficial effects in modern pig production, but further research is required to optimize concentrations and duration of supplementation in modern lean pig genotypes. Advisors/Committee Members: Webb, E.C. (Edward Cottington) (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: UCTD; Ractopamine; Growth; Carcass; β-adrenergic agonist

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APA (6^th Edition):

Teague, P. D. (2016). The effect of two levels of dietary ractopamine hydrochloride (Paylean®) supplementation on growth performance, feed efficiency and quantitative carcass traits in finisher gilts. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60863

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Teague, Paul David. “The effect of two levels of dietary ractopamine hydrochloride (Paylean®) supplementation on growth performance, feed efficiency and quantitative carcass traits in finisher gilts.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60863.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Teague, Paul David. “The effect of two levels of dietary ractopamine hydrochloride (Paylean®) supplementation on growth performance, feed efficiency and quantitative carcass traits in finisher gilts.” 2016. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Teague PD. The effect of two levels of dietary ractopamine hydrochloride (Paylean®) supplementation on growth performance, feed efficiency and quantitative carcass traits in finisher gilts. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60863.

Council of Science Editors:

Teague PD. The effect of two levels of dietary ractopamine hydrochloride (Paylean®) supplementation on growth performance, feed efficiency and quantitative carcass traits in finisher gilts. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60863

Texas Tech University

3. Harris, Tyler. The effect of zinc on the β - adrenergic receptor in bovine satellite cells and the use of β - agonists and steroidal implants on muscle protein and mRNA levels in feedlot cattle.

Degree: 2013, Texas Tech University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/48901

► There are multiple methods cattle growers utilize in order to increase the amount of lean tissue deposition in feedlot cattle. β – adrenergic agonists are… (more)

▼ There are multiple methods cattle growers utilize in order to increase the amount of lean tissue deposition in feedlot cattle. β – adrenergic agonists are a commonly provided growth promotant that aids in increasing average daily gain (ADG), increasing animal efficiency, and increasing muscle mass. Ractopamine hydrochloride (RH) is a currently marketed β – agonist that is available for both steer and beef heifer use. Experiments were conducted implementing RH in an in vitro and in vivo environment. The in vitro study focused on the interactive effects of RH and the micromineral, zinc, on bovine satellite cells (BSC). While the in vivo study observed how RH and steroid hormones affect feedlot heifers. The in vitro experiment was designed to identify if zinc alters the binding affinity of RH to the β – agonist receptor. In order to determine if this interaction occurred, the concentration of cAMP produced by BSC was recorded in cells treated in a 2x2 factorial of either 0 or 1 μM zinc and 0 or 10 μM RH. Treatments were provided for short (6 h), mid (24), and long (96 h) time periods. Muscle related protein and mRNA levels were also measured in the study at 24 and 48 h. At 6 h, no differences (P >0.05) were detected in cAMP production between any of the treatments. However, at 24 h the 10 μM RH, 1 μM zinc treatment had a greater concentration of cAMP (P <0.05) compared to all other treatments. At 96 h the 10 μM RH, 0 μM zinc treatment had a lower concentration of cAMP (P =0.05) compared to the control. A tendency for an interaction of Zn and RH (P <0.10) was determined at 96 h. There were no significant results recorded from gene quantification methods. Genes of interest included the β1 adrenergic receptor, the β2 adrenergic receptor, AMPKα, myosin heavy chain I, myosin heavy chain IIA, and myosin heavy chain IIX. Protein quantification was performed via western blotting procedures two assess the abundance of the β1 adrenergic receptor and the β2 adrenergic receptor; however, no differences were detected in protein abundance between treatments. The in vivo experiment’s design was to determine the effects of a β-agonist and terminal implant date on feedlot heifer performance. It was our goal to determine the effect of implant strategy and β-agonist administration in beef feedlot heifers (n = 264). Terminal implants (TI; estradiol/trenbolone acetate implant, Component TE-200) were provided to heifers on day 0 of the trial (TI d 0), day 40 (TI d 40), and day 80 (TI d 80). The trial lasted for 140 days and animals that received the later two implants were first implanted on day 0 with Component TE-IH. The second treatment the cattle received was ractopamine-hydrochlorie (RH) in the form of Optaflexx® (OPT) over the final 28 days of the trial. Heifers either received no OPT (0 mg/head/d; No) or 200 mg/head/d (Yes) of OPT. Thirty animals were subjected to longissimus muscle (LM) biopsies on d 0, 40, 80, 112, and at slaughter on d 140 to view mRNA levels of myogenic related genes and protein quantities of the β1-adrenergic… Advisors/Committee Members: Johnson, Bradley J. (Committee Chair), Ballou, Michael A. (committee member), Jackson, Samuel P. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: β-agonist; Ractopamine hydrochloride; Zinc; Steroidal implant

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APA (6^th Edition):

Harris, T. (2013). The effect of zinc on the β - adrenergic receptor in bovine satellite cells and the use of β - agonists and steroidal implants on muscle protein and mRNA levels in feedlot cattle. (Thesis). Texas Tech University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2346/48901

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Harris, Tyler. “The effect of zinc on the β - adrenergic receptor in bovine satellite cells and the use of β - agonists and steroidal implants on muscle protein and mRNA levels in feedlot cattle.” 2013. Thesis, Texas Tech University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2346/48901.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Harris, Tyler. “The effect of zinc on the β - adrenergic receptor in bovine satellite cells and the use of β - agonists and steroidal implants on muscle protein and mRNA levels in feedlot cattle.” 2013. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Harris T. The effect of zinc on the β - adrenergic receptor in bovine satellite cells and the use of β - agonists and steroidal implants on muscle protein and mRNA levels in feedlot cattle. [Internet] [Thesis]. Texas Tech University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/48901.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Harris T. The effect of zinc on the β - adrenergic receptor in bovine satellite cells and the use of β - agonists and steroidal implants on muscle protein and mRNA levels in feedlot cattle. [Thesis]. Texas Tech University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/48901

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Pretoria

4. Hope-Jones, Michelle. Effects of dietary beta-agonist treatment, Vitamin D3 supplementation and electrical stimulation of carcasses on meat quality of feedlot steers .

Degree: 2012, University of Pretoria

URL: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05312012-014508/

► In this study, 20 young steers received no beta-adrenergic agonist (C), 100 animals all received zilpaterol hydrochloride, with 1 group only receiving zilpaterol (Z) while… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Meat quality; Beta-agonist treatment; UCTD

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hope-Jones, M. (2012). Effects of dietary beta-agonist treatment, Vitamin D3 supplementation and electrical stimulation of carcasses on meat quality of feedlot steers . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05312012-014508/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hope-Jones, Michelle. “Effects of dietary beta-agonist treatment, Vitamin D3 supplementation and electrical stimulation of carcasses on meat quality of feedlot steers .” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05312012-014508/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hope-Jones, Michelle. “Effects of dietary beta-agonist treatment, Vitamin D3 supplementation and electrical stimulation of carcasses on meat quality of feedlot steers .” 2012. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Hope-Jones M. Effects of dietary beta-agonist treatment, Vitamin D3 supplementation and electrical stimulation of carcasses on meat quality of feedlot steers . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05312012-014508/.

Council of Science Editors:

Hope-Jones M. Effects of dietary beta-agonist treatment, Vitamin D3 supplementation and electrical stimulation of carcasses on meat quality of feedlot steers . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2012. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05312012-014508/

University of Pretoria

5. Hope-Jones, Michelle. Effects of dietary beta-agonist treatment, Vitamin D3 supplementation and electrical stimulation of carcasses on meat quality of feedlot steers.

Degree: Animal and Wildlife Sciences, 2012, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25168

► In this study, 20 young steers received no beta-adrenergic agonist (C), 100 animals all received zilpaterol hydrochloride, with 1 group only receiving zilpaterol (Z) while… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Meat quality; Beta-agonist treatment; UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hope-Jones, M. (2012). Effects of dietary beta-agonist treatment, Vitamin D3 supplementation and electrical stimulation of carcasses on meat quality of feedlot steers. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25168

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hope-Jones, Michelle. “Effects of dietary beta-agonist treatment, Vitamin D3 supplementation and electrical stimulation of carcasses on meat quality of feedlot steers.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25168.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hope-Jones, Michelle. “Effects of dietary beta-agonist treatment, Vitamin D3 supplementation and electrical stimulation of carcasses on meat quality of feedlot steers.” 2012. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Hope-Jones M. Effects of dietary beta-agonist treatment, Vitamin D3 supplementation and electrical stimulation of carcasses on meat quality of feedlot steers. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25168.

Council of Science Editors:

Hope-Jones M. Effects of dietary beta-agonist treatment, Vitamin D3 supplementation and electrical stimulation of carcasses on meat quality of feedlot steers. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25168

Colorado State University

6. Howard, Scott Thomas. Beef tenderness and management of calf-fed Holstein steers to meet market standards.

Degree: PhD, Animal Sciences, 2013, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/80151

► Tenderness is one of the most influential sensory attributes determining consumer acceptance of beef products. Beef at retail represents production of a diverse cattle population,… (more)

▼ Tenderness is one of the most influential sensory attributes determining consumer acceptance of beef products. Beef at retail represents production of a diverse cattle population, including both beef breeds and cattle bred for milk production. Objectives of this work were to first benchmark tenderness at the retail level and then determine appropriate management strategies to maximize quality and yield of calf-fed Holstein steers. Fifty-four stores in thirty U.S. cities were sampled from June 2011 through May 2012 to benchmark tenderness of beef steaks at retail as assessed by Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF).Top loin (N = 980) and sirloin (N = 860) steaks were purchased and shipped via overnight delivery to Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. The survey was divided into two periods based on samples shipped fresh and frozen on arrival (Period 1) or samples shipped frozen and stored frozen (Period 2). Mean WBSF values during Period 1 were 2.9 and 3.9 kg for top loin and sirloin steaks, respectively. Frequencies of steaks classified as tough (WBSF ≥ 4.4 kg) were 8.6% and 17.7% for top loin and sirloin steaks, respectively. Examination of coefficients of variation associated with means reflecting the influence of freezing, retail display and shipping suggested that variance remained unchanged (± 2.0%) with respect to shear force values; however, mean shear force values were reduced as a result of shipping conditions. Mean WBSF values during Period 2 were 3.4 and 4.0 kg for top loin and sirloin samples, respectively. Frequencies of steaks classified as tough were 14.3% and 24.8% for top loin and sirloin steaks, respectively. Calf-fed dairy steers comprise approximately 10% of fed-beef harvested in the United States, annually (Moore et al., 2012).This population of cattle is much different genetically and requires use of growth promotants to meet comparable feedlot performance to that of beef breeds. The effect of beta-agonist supplementation on live performance, carcass characteristics, fabrication yields and beef quality of calf-fed Holstein steers was investigated using steers implanted with a combination trenbolone acetate/estradiol based implant and blocked by initial weight into pens (N = 32). Pens consisted of 90 steers each and were randomly assigned to one of four management strategies including: implant only, ractopamine hydrochloride (RH) fed at 300 mg/hd/d for the final 30 d of finishing or RH fed at 400 mg/hd/d for the final 30 d of finishing, and zilpaterol hydrochloride fed at 6.8 g/ton for 23 d with a 3 d withdrawal prior to harvest. Feed efficiency was improved in beta-agonist fed steers 18 to 25% and hot carcass weight was increased by 1.8 to 3.7% (P < 0.05). Beta-agonists increased saleable yield by 0.6 to 1.9%, decreased fat by 0.6 to 1.3% and shifted tissue distribution such that a greater percentage of side weight was comprised of the muscles of the round (P < 0.05). Changes in development were observed as a result of beta-agonist use, specifically as an increased proportion of weight… Advisors/Committee Members: Belk, Keith E. (advisor), Woerner, Dale R. (committee member), Tatum, J. Daryl (committee member), Scanga, John A. (committee member), Salman, M. D. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: beef; tenderness; shipping; beta-agonist; Holstein; audit

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Howard, S. T. (2013). Beef tenderness and management of calf-fed Holstein steers to meet market standards. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/80151

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Howard, Scott Thomas. “Beef tenderness and management of calf-fed Holstein steers to meet market standards.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/80151.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Howard, Scott Thomas. “Beef tenderness and management of calf-fed Holstein steers to meet market standards.” 2013. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Howard ST. Beef tenderness and management of calf-fed Holstein steers to meet market standards. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/80151.

Council of Science Editors:

Howard ST. Beef tenderness and management of calf-fed Holstein steers to meet market standards. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/80151

Colorado State University

7. Arp, Travis Steven. Effect of dietary beta-agonist supplementation on live performance, carcass characteristics, carcass fabrication yields, and strip loin tenderness and sensory traits.

Degree: PhD, Animal Sciences, 2012, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/71543

► Beef steers (n = 3,906) were fed at a commercial feed yard to evaluate the effects of beta-adrenergic agonist supplementation on live performance, carcass characteristics,… (more)

▼ Beef steers (n = 3,906) were fed at a commercial feed yard to evaluate the effects of beta-adrenergic agonist supplementation on live performance, carcass characteristics, carcass fabrication yield and strip loin tenderness and palatability. Steers were weighed and ultrasonic carcass measurements were collected for allocation into four feeding blocks. Within each block, approximately 100 steers were assigned two a pen that was assigned one of five treatments, including: No beta-agonist; Ractopamine hydrochloride (RH) fed at 200 mg/hd/d for the final 30 d of finishing (RAC200); RH fed at 300 mg/hd/d for the final 30 d of finishing (RAC300); RH fed as a 400 mg/hd/d top dress for the final 30 d of finishing (RAC400); and Zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) fed at 6.8 g/ton beginning 23 d before slaughter, with a withdrawal period starting 3 d before to slaughter (ZIL). The study design included eight replicates (pens) per treatment (two per block). Each feeding block was harvested on consecutive weeks. Each week, carcass parameters were measured and strip loin samples were collected from 18 carcasses per pen (720 total samples) for Warner-Bratzler and Slice Shear Force, and trained sensory analysis. Subsamples of eight carcasses per pen (320 total samples) were selected for whole carcass fabrication yield. Final BW was not affected by treatment (P = 0.2892), but there was a tendency for cattle receiving βAA supplementation to be heavier compared to controls (P = 0.0681). Average daily gain and F:G ratio was improved with treatment of βAA (P < 0.05). Carcasses from the ZIL and RAC400 treatments had the heaviest HCW, and were significantly heavier than CON and RAC200 treatments (P < 0.05). The ZIL treatment also recorded the highest dressing percent and carcasses had the largest LMA compared to all other treatments (P < 0.05). USDA yield grade and marbling score were reduced due to βAA supplementation (P < 0.05). Differences in marbling score reduced the frequency of carcass qualifying for the CAB premium in βAA treated cattle (P < 0.05), while also accounting for a decrease in the frequency of carcasses grading choice and an increase in the percentage of carcasses grading select for cattle receiving βAA supplementation compared to controls (P < 0.05). The percentage of YG1 carcasses was increased and the frequency of YG3 carcasses was decreased due to βAA treatment (P < 0.05). Treatment with dietary βAA elicited the greatest response in subprimal yield in cuts from the round. Zilpaterol treatment carcasses reported the highest total saleable yield, and were greater than all RAC treatments (P < 0.05). Warner-Bratzler and SSF was affected by treatment (P < 0.05), with an increase in shear force values with increased dose and potency of βAA's. Likewise, the percentage of steaks shearing greater than 4.4 and 20 kg for WBSF and SSF, respectively, was increased with βAA supplementation (P < 0.05). Tenderness attributes were ranked lower for steaks from βAA treatments by trained sensory panelists (P < 0.05). There were no differences… Advisors/Committee Members: Belk, Keith (advisor), Woerner, Dale (committee member), Tatum, J. Daryl (committee member), Pendell, Dustin (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: steers; growth; tenderness; beta-agonist; carcass

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APA (6^th Edition):

Arp, T. S. (2012). Effect of dietary beta-agonist supplementation on live performance, carcass characteristics, carcass fabrication yields, and strip loin tenderness and sensory traits. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/71543

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Arp, Travis Steven. “Effect of dietary beta-agonist supplementation on live performance, carcass characteristics, carcass fabrication yields, and strip loin tenderness and sensory traits.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/71543.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Arp, Travis Steven. “Effect of dietary beta-agonist supplementation on live performance, carcass characteristics, carcass fabrication yields, and strip loin tenderness and sensory traits.” 2012. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Arp TS. Effect of dietary beta-agonist supplementation on live performance, carcass characteristics, carcass fabrication yields, and strip loin tenderness and sensory traits. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/71543.

Council of Science Editors:

Arp TS. Effect of dietary beta-agonist supplementation on live performance, carcass characteristics, carcass fabrication yields, and strip loin tenderness and sensory traits. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/71543

8. Thompson, Alex. IONOPHORE AND ANTIMICROBIAL STRATEGIES ALTER LIVE PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS, AND IN VITRO RUMEN FERMENTATION PARAMETERS IN BEEF CATTLE.

Degree: PhD, Animal Science, 2017, Texas Tech University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/82053

► One hundred ninety-two steers (BW = 354 ± 23.5 kg) were used in a randomized block design to evaluate the effects of ionophore and ractopamine… (more)

▼ One hundred ninety-two steers (BW = 354 ± 23.5 kg) were used in a randomized block design to evaluate the effects of ionophore and ractopamine hydrochloride (RH) supplementation strategies on performance and carcass characteristics. Twelve pens of 4 steers were assigned to each of the following treatments: unsupplemented control (CON), laidlomycin propionate (12.1 mg/kg DM) with or without RH (LPRH and LP, respectively), and monensin sodium (36.4 mg/kg DM) with RH (MSRH). Steers were fed for 151 d, of which, respective treatments received RH (Actogain; Zoetis, Florham Park, NJ) at a rate of 300 mg/(head • d) for the final 32 d. Laidlomycin was removed from the LPRH treatment during this period, as no combination feeding has been approved. Upon harvest, carcass data was collected by trained personnel, and subsequent analysis of the LM was conducted in order to estimate tenderness using Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF). Prior to RH supplementation, both LP and LPRH had greater ADG (P ≤ 0.02) and G:F (P < 0.01) than CON, while MSRH was intermediate. During the final 32 d, MSRH improved G:F (P ≤ 0.02) compared to all other treatments and tended to increase ADG over unsupplemented controls (P = 0.05). Cattle receiving LP without RH had significantly greater BW at d 151 than CON (P = 0.02), while both RH treatments tended to improve final BW (P ≤ 0.09). Ionophores improved ADG (P ≤ 0.03) and G:F (P < 0.01) for the entire feeding period, and although LP supplemented cattle had greater DMI for the final 32 d than both RH treatments (P ≤ 0.01), intakes for the 151 d trial were similar among treatments. Carcass weights were greater (P = 0.04) in cattle fed LP with no RH than CON, where cattle yielded an average of 12 kg more HCW. Ractopamine increased LM area in MSRH supplemented cattle (P = 0.03) and tended to increase LM area for steers receiving LPRH (P = 0.07). Longissimus steaks of MSRH supplemented cattle had greater WBSF values than CON (P = 0.04) after 7 d of postmortem aging, and greater WBSF values than LPRH steaks after 28 d (P = 0.03). All other carcass and WBSF measurements were similar among treatments. The results of this study indicate that LP supplementation without RH may yield similar performance and carcass responses associated with the administration of a beta-agonist. These results also suggest that performance and carcass characteristics for cattle fed LP are similar to those of cattle fed monensin throughout the feeding period. Advisors/Committee Members: Johnson, Bradley J (advisor), Rathmann, Ryan J (committee member), Sarturi, Jhones O (committee member), Corbin, Marilyn J (committee member), Stevens, Richard D (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: beef cattle; beta-agonist; ionophore; laidlomycin propionate; monensin sodium

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APA (6^th Edition):

Thompson, A. (2017). IONOPHORE AND ANTIMICROBIAL STRATEGIES ALTER LIVE PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS, AND IN VITRO RUMEN FERMENTATION PARAMETERS IN BEEF CATTLE. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas Tech University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2346/82053

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Thompson, Alex. “IONOPHORE AND ANTIMICROBIAL STRATEGIES ALTER LIVE PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS, AND IN VITRO RUMEN FERMENTATION PARAMETERS IN BEEF CATTLE.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas Tech University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2346/82053.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Thompson, Alex. “IONOPHORE AND ANTIMICROBIAL STRATEGIES ALTER LIVE PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS, AND IN VITRO RUMEN FERMENTATION PARAMETERS IN BEEF CATTLE.” 2017. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Thompson A. IONOPHORE AND ANTIMICROBIAL STRATEGIES ALTER LIVE PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS, AND IN VITRO RUMEN FERMENTATION PARAMETERS IN BEEF CATTLE. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas Tech University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/82053.

Council of Science Editors:

Thompson A. IONOPHORE AND ANTIMICROBIAL STRATEGIES ALTER LIVE PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS, AND IN VITRO RUMEN FERMENTATION PARAMETERS IN BEEF CATTLE. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas Tech University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/82053

University of South Africa

9. Mantiziba, Chipo Winnie. The effect of zilpaterol hydrochloride on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics in weaner steers .

Degree: 2015, University of South Africa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15368

► An experiment was conducted using forty-one Bonsmara steers (age ± 7 months) to determine the effect of zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) on the growth performance and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Beta- adrenergic agonist; Zilmax; Beef cattle; Carcass characteristics; Growth performance

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mantiziba, C. W. (2015). The effect of zilpaterol hydrochloride on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics in weaner steers . (Masters Thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15368

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mantiziba, Chipo Winnie. “The effect of zilpaterol hydrochloride on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics in weaner steers .” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of South Africa. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15368.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mantiziba, Chipo Winnie. “The effect of zilpaterol hydrochloride on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics in weaner steers .” 2015. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Mantiziba CW. The effect of zilpaterol hydrochloride on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics in weaner steers . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of South Africa; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15368.

Council of Science Editors:

Mantiziba CW. The effect of zilpaterol hydrochloride on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics in weaner steers . [Masters Thesis]. University of South Africa; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15368

Colorado State University

10. Peterson, Ryan Kenneth. Effect of crude protein withdrawal and the use of β-agonists on feedlot performance, carcass merit, and theoretical nitrogen retention and excretion for heavy yearling steers, The.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Animal Sciences, 2011, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/47440

► Eight hundred and sixty-four crossbred yearling steers were used in a 3 x 4 factorial experiment to study the effects of β - agonist (BA)… (more)

▼ Eight hundred and sixty-four crossbred yearling steers were used in a 3 x 4 factorial experiment to study the effects of β - agonist (BA) administration and crude protein (CP) withdrawal during the last 28 d on feed. Three BA treatments were evaluated: no BA, 200 mg Optaflexx (OPT) per head daily for 28 d, and 75 mg Zilmax (ZIL; 7.56 g/ton DM basis) per head daily for 20 d. The 4 CP withdrawal treatments included: 1) 13.5% CP, 3.5% crude protein equivalent (CPE) from non-protein nitrogen (NPN) from d 0 through slaughter (13.5/3.5); 2) 13.5/3.5 until 28 d remained on feed followed by 12.5% CP, 3.5% CPE from NPN (12.5/3.5); 3) 13.5/3.5 until 28 d remained on feed followed by 12.5% CP, 2.5% CPE from NPN (12.5/2.5); and 4) 13.5/3.5 until 28 d remained on feed followed by 11.5% CP, 1.5% CPE from NPN (11.5/1.5). There were no interactions (P > 0.32) between BA and CP withdrawal treatment; therefore, only main effects are discussed. Average slaughter weights and ADG were greater (P < 0.01) for steers treated with BA as compared with control steers. There were no differences between the slaughter weights and ADG for the OPT versus the ZIL steers. Beta-agonist treatment had no effect on daily dry matter intake. Feed-to-gain ratio was improved by 25% for steers fed BA during the final 28 d as compared with controls. More than a 35% improvement (P < 0.001) in gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) for the final 28 d was observed for steers fed BA as compared with controls. Differences between OPT and ZIL were not significant. Net energy recovery was increased 19% during the final 28 d on feed for steers fed BA as compared with controls. Least squares means for HCW, adjusted for live weight at treatment initiation, was 9.21 kg heavier (P < 0.01) for ZIL steers as compared with controls. The advantage (P < 0.05) in HCW for ZIL as compared with OPT was 5.81 kg. Although not statistically significant, the numerical advantage in HCW for OPT as compared with controls was 3.4 kg. Dressing percentage was increased for steers fed ZIL versus control (64.4 versus 63.4%, P < 0.001) and OPT (P < 0.01) but not increased for OPT versus control (63.2 versus 63.4%; P = 0.67). No BA treatment differences were observed for fat depth measured at the 12th rib. Ribeye area for control carcasses (avg = 32.87 cm2) was lower (P < 0.06) than OPT (avg = 33.53 cm2) which was in turn lower (P < 0.01) than ZIL (avg = 34.59 cm2). Kidney, pelvic, and heart fat was lower for ZIL as compared with control (P < 0.05) or OPT (P < 0.10). Yield grades calculated from carcass measurements were similar for OPT and ZIL (3.01 versus 2.97), and both were reduced (P < 0.05) as compared with control (avg = 3.12). Carcasses from OPT and ZIL treatments were more likely (P < 0.05) to qualify for the USDA Yield Grade 1 and 2 categories and less likely (P < 0.05) to qualify for the USDA Yield Grade 3 category as compared with control. There were no differences in the distribution of USDA Yield Grade 4 and 5 carcasses among control, OPT, and ZIL treatments. Marbling score… Advisors/Committee Members: Wagner, John Joseph, 1958- (advisor), Engle, Terry E. (committee member), Callan, Robert J. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: beta-agonist; zilmax; undegradable intake protein; optaflexx; degradable intake protein

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APA (6^th Edition):

Peterson, R. K. (2011). Effect of crude protein withdrawal and the use of β-agonists on feedlot performance, carcass merit, and theoretical nitrogen retention and excretion for heavy yearling steers, The. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/47440

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Peterson, Ryan Kenneth. “Effect of crude protein withdrawal and the use of β-agonists on feedlot performance, carcass merit, and theoretical nitrogen retention and excretion for heavy yearling steers, The.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/47440.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Peterson, Ryan Kenneth. “Effect of crude protein withdrawal and the use of β-agonists on feedlot performance, carcass merit, and theoretical nitrogen retention and excretion for heavy yearling steers, The.” 2011. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Peterson RK. Effect of crude protein withdrawal and the use of β-agonists on feedlot performance, carcass merit, and theoretical nitrogen retention and excretion for heavy yearling steers, The. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/47440.

Council of Science Editors:

Peterson RK. Effect of crude protein withdrawal and the use of β-agonists on feedlot performance, carcass merit, and theoretical nitrogen retention and excretion for heavy yearling steers, The. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/47440

Univerzitet u Beogradu

11. Jovičić, Nevena J. Polimorfizmi u genu za beta-2 adrenergički receptor kod dece sa astmom u Srbiji i njihov klinički značaj.

Degree: Medicinski fakultet, 2018, Univerzitet u Beogradu

URL: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:18815/bdef:Content/get

►

medicina - pulmologija / Medicine - Pulmonology

agonisti beta-2 adrenergičnog receptora (ADRB2) su osnova terapije astme. Beta-2 adrenergični receptor je protein koji je kodiran ADRB2… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: ADRB2 gene; Asthma; beta-2 agonist; bronchodilatator response; polymorphism

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jovičić, N. J. (2018). Polimorfizmi u genu za beta-2 adrenergički receptor kod dece sa astmom u Srbiji i njihov klinički značaj. (Thesis). Univerzitet u Beogradu. Retrieved from https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:18815/bdef:Content/get

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jovičić, Nevena J. “Polimorfizmi u genu za beta-2 adrenergički receptor kod dece sa astmom u Srbiji i njihov klinički značaj.” 2018. Thesis, Univerzitet u Beogradu. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:18815/bdef:Content/get.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jovičić, Nevena J. “Polimorfizmi u genu za beta-2 adrenergički receptor kod dece sa astmom u Srbiji i njihov klinički značaj.” 2018. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Jovičić NJ. Polimorfizmi u genu za beta-2 adrenergički receptor kod dece sa astmom u Srbiji i njihov klinički značaj. [Internet] [Thesis]. Univerzitet u Beogradu; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:18815/bdef:Content/get.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jovičić NJ. Polimorfizmi u genu za beta-2 adrenergički receptor kod dece sa astmom u Srbiji i njihov klinički značaj. [Thesis]. Univerzitet u Beogradu; 2018. Available from: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:18815/bdef:Content/get

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Texas Tech University

12. Jennings, Aaron. Interaction of Optaflexx® and terminal implant window on growth performance and carcass characteristics in heifers fed to harvest.

Degree: 2012, Texas Tech University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/46928

► Objectives were to evaluate the interaction of ractopamine hydrochloride (OPT) and timing of terminal implant administration on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, serum metabolites… (more)

▼ Objectives were to evaluate the interaction of ractopamine hydrochloride (OPT) and timing of terminal implant administration on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, serum metabolites and steroid hormones of finishing beef heifers. A 3x2 factorial randomized complete block design was used with 2 levels of OPT and 3 different durations of terminal implant windows for a total of 6 treatment groups with 9 replications. British x Continental heifers (n=216; 341.6 kg) were blocked by BW and randomly allotted to 54 pens (9 pens/treatment; 6 pens/block; 4 heifers/pen). The main effects of treatment were implant [TE-200 w/ Tylan (200 mg TBA + 24 mg E2) administered 140 d from slaughter (TI140); 100 d (TI100); and 60 d (TI60)] and OPT (0 or 200 mg/hd/d). Individual BW was collected at 0, 40, 80, 112, and 140 d and DMI recorded. No implant x OPT interactions were detected, so only main effects are reported. Average daily gain (0.14 kg/d difference), predicted carcass ADG (0.24 kg/d difference), HCW (5.6-kg difference) was increased (P<0.05) by OPT, but DMI was not affected. Heifers fed OPT tended (P≤0.09) to have a larger LMA (0.96 cm2 difference) and reduced marbling score. OPT supplementation decreased (P<0.05) Prime and Choice carcasses 16.5%. No affect of OPT was found on 12th-rib fat and KPH (P>0.10). Progesterone and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were decreased (P<0.05) by OPT. No differences (P>0.10) in Warner Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF) were detected at d 3, 7, and 21 although at 14 d postmortem WBSF values of the OPT steaks were higher (0.45 kg; P<0.05). During the first 40 d on trial, ADG of the TI140 and TI100 groups was increased (P<0.05) compared to the TI60 (0.34 kg/d; 0.18 kg/d difference, respectively). From d 40-80, the TI100 had a higher ADG (P<0.05) than all other implant treatment 5 groups. TI60 had a higher ADG (P<0.05) than TI100 and TI140 from d 80-112. Predicted carcass ADG mirrored live ADG advantages (P<0.05). No differences (P>0.10) in DMI, final BW, carcass parameters, or WBSF were observed among the three implant strategies. Administering terminal implant decreased (P<0.05) BUN levels. Results from this study demonstrated that OPT, when fed to heifers, increased ADG, calculated carcass ADG, and HCW with minimal impact on carcass quality. Furthermore, this study indicated the duration of the terminal implant window did not affect overall performance, final BW, or carcass quality. Advisors/Committee Members: Johnson, Bradley J. (Committee Chair), Miller, Markus F. (committee member), Vogel, Gary J. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Anabolic steroid; Beef cattle; Beta-agonist; Carcass; Performance

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jennings, A. (2012). Interaction of Optaflexx® and terminal implant window on growth performance and carcass characteristics in heifers fed to harvest. (Thesis). Texas Tech University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2346/46928

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jennings, Aaron. “Interaction of Optaflexx® and terminal implant window on growth performance and carcass characteristics in heifers fed to harvest.” 2012. Thesis, Texas Tech University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2346/46928.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jennings, Aaron. “Interaction of Optaflexx® and terminal implant window on growth performance and carcass characteristics in heifers fed to harvest.” 2012. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Jennings A. Interaction of Optaflexx® and terminal implant window on growth performance and carcass characteristics in heifers fed to harvest. [Internet] [Thesis]. Texas Tech University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/46928.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jennings A. Interaction of Optaflexx® and terminal implant window on growth performance and carcass characteristics in heifers fed to harvest. [Thesis]. Texas Tech University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/46928

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Kansas State University

13. Hagenmaier, Jacob Andrew. Investigation into an ongoing dilemma: undefined welfare implications challenging the use of β-adrenergic agonists in beef production.

Degree: PhD, Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, 2016, Kansas State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35217

► Beta-adrenergic agonists (βAA) are administered during the final weeks of the beef production system to improve efficiency and increase meat yield. Welfare concerns linked to… (more)

▼ Beta-adrenergic agonists (βAA) are administered during the final weeks of the beef production system to improve efficiency and increase meat yield. Welfare concerns linked to the administration of βAA have garnered significant attention in recent years due to anecdotal reports of increased mortality during βAA feeding periods and cattle without obvious disease or injury having difficulty walking at abattoirs being overrepresented in cattle fed βAA. Thomson et al. (2015) reported 2 events where cattle were distressed, became non-responsive to handling, sloughed hoof walls and were euthanized while in lairage at the abattoir. Consistent blood abnormalities in euthanized cattle included elevated blood lactate (25.6 mmol/L; ref. range: < 4-5) and creatine kinase (CK; 6,890 U/L, ref. range: 159- 332). Although no causal relationship had been established, dialogues among groups of packers, animal scientists, and welfare experts implicating the βAA zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZIL; Zilmax®, Merck Animal Health, Desoto, KS) as one possible etiology resulted in a major beef packer announcing plans to stop accepting cattle fed ZIL. Consequently, Merck announced a self-imposed suspension of ZIL sales in U.S. and Canadian markets until further research could be conducted to investigate the manner. Utilization of technologies such as βAA are imperative to meeting the demands of a growing world population and verdicts regarding such technologies, including their impact on animal welfare, should be based on scientific merit. The first objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of shade on performance and animal well-being in cattle fed ZIL. The second objective was to characterize the clinical description and hematological profile of fatigued cattle presented to abattoirs. The third objective was to evaluate the effects of handling intensity during shipment for slaughter in cattle fed a βAA. The fourth objective was to evaluate the effects of βAA administration on performance and physiological response to different handling intensities during shipping for slaughter. Shade provision reduced open-mouth breathing and increased dry matter intake and dressing percentage. Fatigued cattle observed at abattoirs had increased respiratory rates and muscle tremors, although blood parameters were relatively normal compared to their cohorts. Metabolic acidosis, a precursor for Fatigued Cattle Syndrome, was observed in cattle exposed to aggressive handling regardless of βAA status. This research confirms the improved growth performance of cattle fed βAA and highlights the improvement of animal welfare through shade provision and low-stress handling in heavy-weight feedlot cattle. Advisors/Committee Members: Daniel U. Thomson.

Subjects/Keywords: Animal welfare; Beta agonist; Beef cattle; Low-stress handling

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hagenmaier, J. A. (2016). Investigation into an ongoing dilemma: undefined welfare implications challenging the use of β-adrenergic agonists in beef production. (Doctoral Dissertation). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35217

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hagenmaier, Jacob Andrew. “Investigation into an ongoing dilemma: undefined welfare implications challenging the use of β-adrenergic agonists in beef production.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Kansas State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35217.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hagenmaier, Jacob Andrew. “Investigation into an ongoing dilemma: undefined welfare implications challenging the use of β-adrenergic agonists in beef production.” 2016. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Hagenmaier JA. Investigation into an ongoing dilemma: undefined welfare implications challenging the use of β-adrenergic agonists in beef production. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35217.

Council of Science Editors:

Hagenmaier JA. Investigation into an ongoing dilemma: undefined welfare implications challenging the use of β-adrenergic agonists in beef production. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35217

14. Van Bibber-Krueger, Cadra. Use of exogenous growth promotants in finishing cattle.

Degree: MS, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, 2014, Kansas State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18152

► Exogenous growth promotants, such as the synthetic beta agonist zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH), have been shown to increase carcass weight by repartitioning energy toward increased skeletal… (more)

▼ Exogenous growth promotants, such as the synthetic beta agonist zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH), have been shown to increase carcass weight by repartitioning energy toward increased skeletal muscle at the expense of adipose tissue, which is associated with a decline in tenderness. More recently, essential oils such as menthol have been observed to have growth promoting properties in livestock. The objectives of this research were to determine effects of ZH on blood parameters and long chain fatty acids in plasma and adipose tissue, to determine if the decline in tenderness can be negated by temporary depletion of calcium during ZH supplementation, and to determine effects of crystalline menthol on blood parameters. Blood samples were collected in 7-d intervals during ZH administration. Zilpaterol hydrochloride decreased concentrations of plasma urea nitrogen and whole blood glucose (P < 0.10), but had no effects on concentrations of plasma glucose, lactate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, NEFA, or whole blood lactate (P > 0.10). Total long chain fatty acids of plasma and adipose tissue were unaffected (P > 0.10); however, ZH supplementation increased HCW, dressing percentage, and LM area (P < 0.10). Calcium was temporarily depleted during ZH supplementation in an attempt to increase tenderness of meat. No differences (P > 0.10) were observed for Warner-Bratzler shear force values, live animal performance, or carcass measurements. Addition of 0, 0.003, 0.03, 0.3% menthol (diet DM) to diets of steers resulted in a menthol × time within day interaction (P < 0.01) for IGF-1 concentration and BW; however, glucose, lactate, and PUN concentrations were unaffected (P > 0.05). Furthermore, concentrations of VFA were not different (P > 0.05), but production of fermentative gas was decreased (P < 0.01) when menthol was added at 0, 0.003, 0.03, 0.3% of substrate DM in a 24 h in vitro fermentation trial. Results from these studies suggest ZH improved efficiency of nutrient utilization for increased skeletal muscle growth; however, the decline in tenderness was not negated by the temporary depletion of calcium in the diet. Overall, ZH affected components related to increased skeletal muscle growth, but menthol did not affect blood parameters associated with growth. Advisors/Committee Members: James S. Drouillard.

Subjects/Keywords: Beef cattle; Beta agonist; Growth promotant; Menthol; Animal Sciences (0475)

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APA (6^th Edition):

Van Bibber-Krueger, C. (2014). Use of exogenous growth promotants in finishing cattle. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18152

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Van Bibber-Krueger, Cadra. “Use of exogenous growth promotants in finishing cattle.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18152.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Van Bibber-Krueger, Cadra. “Use of exogenous growth promotants in finishing cattle.” 2014. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Van Bibber-Krueger C. Use of exogenous growth promotants in finishing cattle. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18152.

Council of Science Editors:

Van Bibber-Krueger C. Use of exogenous growth promotants in finishing cattle. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18152

Oklahoma State University

15. Bernhard, Bryan Christopher. Effects of Growth-promoting Technologies on Behavior, Mobility, Health Parameters and Heat Stress of Finishing Steers.

Degree: Animal Science, 2014, Oklahoma State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/14726

► Crossbred steers (n=336; initial BW=379�� 8kg) were used in a RCBD to determine the effects of growth-promoting technologies on steers�� behavior, mobility, health parameters and… (more)

▼ Crossbred steers (n=336; initial BW=379�� 8kg) were used in a RCBD to determine the effects of growth-promoting technologies on steers�� behavior, mobility, health parameters and heat stress. Treatments consisted of an all-natural treatment (NAT), a conventional treatment (implanted with 40mg of estradiol and 200mg of trenbolone acetate (TBA), and fed 33 and 9mg/kg of monensin and tylosin daily, CONV) and a CONV treatment plus the addition of zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH; at 6.8g/ton [90% DM-basis] for the last 20 days on feed with a 3 to 4 d withdrawal; CONV-Z). Chute exit scores resulted in a treatment time interaction (P= 0.03), with NAT steers having a more aggressive exit score than CONV and CONV-Z steers at d 10Z and d 20Z. There were no effects of treatment on exit velocity, pen temperament, or overall temperament (P�� 0.26). Standing time and lying bouts were not affected by treatment (P> 0.45), but CONV-Z steers took more steps/d (P= 0.04), resulting in a greater motion index (P= 0.05) than NAT steers. While moving to the working facilities, CONV-Z steers moved at the slowest velocity, CONV were intermediary, and NAT the fastest (P< 0.05). Step length and mobility scores were not affected by treatment (P�� 0.14). White blood cell counts were greater for CONV and CONV-Z versus NAT steers from d 28 through d 20Z (P< 0.05). Liver abscesses, lung scores and heart and liver histological changes were not affected by treatment (P�� 0.10). During summer heat stress, body temperature was not affected (P> 0.10), but respiration rate was greatest for CONV-Z steers, intermediate for NAT and lowest for CONV steers (P< 0.05). Hair covering scores was lower for CONV and CONV-Z versus NAT cattle from d 84 through d 20Z. The results of this experiment suggest that growth-promoting technologies have little to no overall effects on cattle behavior, mobility and health parameters. Treatment altered the mechanism by which steers exchange heat load to maintain thermo-homeostasis, but all steers experienced a similar magnitude of heat stress. Collectively, growth-promoting technologies did not have a negative effect on finishing steer well-being during this study. Advisors/Committee Members: Krehbiel, Clinton R. (advisor), Horn, Gerald W. (committee member), Step, D. L. (committee member), Calvo-Lorenzo, Michelle S. (committee member), Goad, Carla Lynn (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: beef cattle; beta-agonist; heat stress; mobility; natural; welfare

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Bernhard, B. C. (2014). Effects of Growth-promoting Technologies on Behavior, Mobility, Health Parameters and Heat Stress of Finishing Steers. (Thesis). Oklahoma State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/14726

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bernhard, Bryan Christopher. “Effects of Growth-promoting Technologies on Behavior, Mobility, Health Parameters and Heat Stress of Finishing Steers.” 2014. Thesis, Oklahoma State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/14726.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bernhard, Bryan Christopher. “Effects of Growth-promoting Technologies on Behavior, Mobility, Health Parameters and Heat Stress of Finishing Steers.” 2014. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Bernhard BC. Effects of Growth-promoting Technologies on Behavior, Mobility, Health Parameters and Heat Stress of Finishing Steers. [Internet] [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/14726.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Bernhard BC. Effects of Growth-promoting Technologies on Behavior, Mobility, Health Parameters and Heat Stress of Finishing Steers. [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/14726

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of New South Wales

16. Lee, Paul Cheuk Ying. Adrenergic control of energy metabolism in humans.

Degree: Clinical School - St Vincent's Hospital, 2011, University of New South Wales

URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/50875 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:9769/SOURCE02?view=true

► The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) regulates energy expenditure (EE), fat utilisation and protein anabolism subsequently influencing body composition and function. In rodents, brown adipose tissue… (more)

▼ The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) regulates energy expenditure (EE), fat utilisation and protein anabolism subsequently influencing body composition and function. In rodents, brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a pivotal role in adaptive thermogenesis under SNS regulation. Little is known about the biology of BAT in adult humans.This thesis investigates the metabolic sequelae of pharmacological inhibition and activation of the SNS in humans, and evaluates the prevalence and cellular characteristics of human BAT. Whole body EE and substrate utilisation were assessed by indirect calorimetry and protein metabolism using the leucine turnover technique. Habitual activity was quantified by pedometry. Studies on BAT combined metabolic imaging using positron emission tomography (PET)-CT and molecular and histological techniques for gene and protein expression. Cross-sectional studies in three clinical settings revealed individuals taking beta-blocker chronically to be heavier than controls. Mechanistic evaluation revealed blunting of EE, fat utilisation and habitual activity in beta-blocker-treated individuals. In contrast, treatment with a highly beta2-selective agonist, formoterol, increased EE, fat utilisation and protein anabolism without inducing tachycardia in healthy adults.Systematic evaluation of PET-CT in nearly 3000 individuals revealed an estimated prevalence of BAT of 64% in adults. BAT was most commonly located in the supraclavicular fossa. Presence of BAT was associated with lower body mass index. Direct histological and molecular analysis of supraclavicular fat biopsies revealed presence of BAT in all patients studied, regardless of PET scan status. Primary culture of brown adipocytes from the supraclavicular fossa was established successfully for the first time.In summary, chronic beta-blocker therapy blunts EE and causes weight gain while formoterol stimulates EE, fat utilisation and protein anabolism. BAT is highly prevalent in adult humans and its presence correlates with leanness. In conclusion, pharmacological inhibition and stimulation of the SNS have profound impact on energy balance. Beta-blockers cause obesity and formoterol imparts beneficial metabolic effects and may be useful in the treatment of obesity and sarcopaenia. Contrary to current belief, BAT is present in most adult humans and may regulate energy homeostasis in adulthood. The availability of a primary culture model allows BAT regulation to be studied in vitro to harness its metabolic properties for potential anti-obesity therapeutics development. Advisors/Committee Members: Ho, Ken, Clinical School - St Vincent's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Greenfield, Jerry, Clinical School - St Vincent's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW.

Subjects/Keywords: Beta-agonist; Energy metabolism; Beta-blocker; Brown adipose tissue; Sympathetic nervous system

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lee, P. C. Y. (2011). Adrenergic control of energy metabolism in humans. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/50875 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:9769/SOURCE02?view=true

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lee, Paul Cheuk Ying. “Adrenergic control of energy metabolism in humans.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New South Wales. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/50875 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:9769/SOURCE02?view=true.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lee, Paul Cheuk Ying. “Adrenergic control of energy metabolism in humans.” 2011. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Lee PCY. Adrenergic control of energy metabolism in humans. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/50875 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:9769/SOURCE02?view=true.

Council of Science Editors:

Lee PCY. Adrenergic control of energy metabolism in humans. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2011. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/50875 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:9769/SOURCE02?view=true

17. Antonio Carlos Ramos dos Santos. Efeitos do período de administração de cloridrato de zilpaterol e do tempo de confinamento no desempenho, características de carcaça e qualidade de carne de bovinos Nelore.

Degree: 2015, University of São Paulo

URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-16042015-110758/

►

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os efeitos do período de administração de cloridrato de zilpaterol (CZ) e do tempo de confinamento no desempenho, características… (more)

▼

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os efeitos do período de administração de cloridrato de zilpaterol (CZ) e do tempo de confinamento no desempenho, características de carcaça, rendimento de cortes cárneos comerciais e na qualidade de carne de bovinos Nelore. Foram utilizados 96 bovinos machos não castrados da raça Nelore, com peso vivo inicial de 377 ± 25,1 kg. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos completos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4 × 2, sendo quatro períodos de administração com CZ (0, 20, 30 ou 40 dias) e dois tempos de confinamento (90 ou 117 dias). O período de suplementação com CZ (8,33 mg/kg de matéria seca total) iniciou-se 23, 33 e 43 dias antes do abate. Nos últimos três dias que antecederam o abate todos os animais foram alimentados com a dieta sem CZ, respeitando o período de carência do produto. O contrafilé (músculo Longissimus thoracis et lumborum) de todas as meias-carcaças esquerdas foi amostrado para as análises de qualidade de carne. Com exceção da área do olho de lombo obtida por ultrassom (P = 0,02) e área do olho de lombo medida na carcaça resfriada (P = 0,05), não houve interação entre período de administração de CZ e tempo de confinamento (P > 0,10). O aumento do período de suplementação com CZ proporcionou aumento linear da eficiência alimentar (P < 0,01), peso de carcaça quente (P < 0,01), rendimento de carcaça quente (P < 0,01) e rendimento de carne desossada (P < 0,01). Os bifes de contrafilé de animais suplementados com CZ apresentaram maior conteúdo percentual de proteína (P < 0,01), enquanto que a espessura de gordura subcutânea (P = 0,04) e o conteúdo percentual de lipídios intramusculares (P < 0,01) diminuíram com administração de CZ. O valor percentual de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados totais aumentou (P = 0,01) com a administração de CZ, sendo atribuído principalmente ao aumento percentual do ácido linoleico (18:2 cis-9, cis-12; P = 0,01) e ácido araquidônico (20:4 n-6; P < 0,01). A força de cisalhamento das amostras de contrafilé aumentou (P < 0,01) com a inclusão de CZ na dieta, sendo esse resultado independente do tempo de maturação (7, 14, 21 ou 28 dias post-mortem). Observou-se interação entre período de administração de CZ e tempo de maturação (14 ou 28 dias post-mortem) para escore de maciez inicial (P = 0,03) e escore de tecido conjuntivo (P < 0,01), onde o processo de maturação melhorou mais a carne de animais controle do que a carne de animais suplementados com CZ. Mesmo com a diminuição da maciez, os bifes de animais suplementados com CZ foram considerados macios pelos provadores do painel sensorial. O CZ melhora a eficiência de produção de carne de bovinos Nelore, proporcionando aumento na massa muscular dos animais tratados sem alterar o consumo de matéria seca. Por outro lado, o tratamento dos animais com CZ reduz a maciez e a velocidade do processo de amaciamento do contrafilé.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) feeding time and feedlot days on performance, carcass characteristics,…

Advisors/Committee Members: Dante Pazzanese Duarte Lanna, Sérgio Bertelli Pflanzer Júnior, Saulo da Luz e Silva.

Subjects/Keywords: Bos indicus; Agonista beta-adrenérgico; Suplementação; Bos indicus; Beta-adrenergic agonist; Supplementation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Santos, A. C. R. d. (2015). Efeitos do período de administração de cloridrato de zilpaterol e do tempo de confinamento no desempenho, características de carcaça e qualidade de carne de bovinos Nelore. (Masters Thesis). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-16042015-110758/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Santos, Antonio Carlos Ramos dos. “Efeitos do período de administração de cloridrato de zilpaterol e do tempo de confinamento no desempenho, características de carcaça e qualidade de carne de bovinos Nelore.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of São Paulo. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-16042015-110758/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Santos, Antonio Carlos Ramos dos. “Efeitos do período de administração de cloridrato de zilpaterol e do tempo de confinamento no desempenho, características de carcaça e qualidade de carne de bovinos Nelore.” 2015. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Santos ACRd. Efeitos do período de administração de cloridrato de zilpaterol e do tempo de confinamento no desempenho, características de carcaça e qualidade de carne de bovinos Nelore. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-16042015-110758/.

Council of Science Editors:

Santos ACRd. Efeitos do período de administração de cloridrato de zilpaterol e do tempo de confinamento no desempenho, características de carcaça e qualidade de carne de bovinos Nelore. [Masters Thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2015. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-16042015-110758/

Colorado State University

18. Steger, Jessica Renee. Discovering dimensional differences among Holstein and conventional beef middle meat cuts and consumer preferences for appearance.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Animal Sciences, 2014, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/88603

To view the abstract, please see the full text of the document. Advisors/Committee Members: Woerner, Dale R. (advisor), Belk, Keith E. (committee member), Tatum, J. Daryl (committee member), Pendell, Dustin L. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Holstein; conformation; muscle; beef; beta-agonist

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Steger, J. R. (2014). Discovering dimensional differences among Holstein and conventional beef middle meat cuts and consumer preferences for appearance. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/88603

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Steger, Jessica Renee. “Discovering dimensional differences among Holstein and conventional beef middle meat cuts and consumer preferences for appearance.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/88603.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Steger, Jessica Renee. “Discovering dimensional differences among Holstein and conventional beef middle meat cuts and consumer preferences for appearance.” 2014. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Steger JR. Discovering dimensional differences among Holstein and conventional beef middle meat cuts and consumer preferences for appearance. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/88603.

Council of Science Editors:

Steger JR. Discovering dimensional differences among Holstein and conventional beef middle meat cuts and consumer preferences for appearance. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/88603

University of Oxford

19. Clausen, Lisa. Effects of beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists in DOK7 congenital myasthenic syndrome.

Degree: PhD, 2015, University of Oxford

URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9360c51b-8497-47ca-bd16-e917a3614a25 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.730554

► Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are a rare group of heterogeneous disorders, characterised by compromised neuromuscular transmission and symptoms of fatiguable muscle weakness. CMS is caused… (more)

▼ Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are a rare group of heterogeneous disorders, characterised by compromised neuromuscular transmission and symptoms of fatiguable muscle weakness. CMS is caused by mutations in genes that affect the structure and function of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). In about 20% of CMS cases, patients have mutations in the gene DOK7; the protein product, DOK7, is crucial for maintaining the dense aggregation of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clusters at the NMJ. DOK7-CMS patients do not respond to treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors which are the first line treatment for most forms of CMS. Instead, a dramatic response to beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) agonists, such as salbutamol, is observed. The aim of this project was to investigate the molecular mechanisms that underlie the beneficial effects of ADRB2 agonists. Firstly, NMJ functioning was modelled in vitro by studying AChR clusters formed on cultured C2C12 mouse myotubes in the presence of WT DOK7. Overexpression of mutant DOK7 led to a significant reduction in the number of AChR clusters, explaining the pathogenic effect of the mutation. Importantly, incubation of myotubes with salbutamol increased the number of AChR clusters and their stability. The results provide the first evidence that ADRB2 agonists directly affect proteins located at the NMJ. However, this disease model suffers from limitations. The rest of the thesis focussed on developing alternative cell culture models to explore the AChR clustering pathway. The first model combined optogenetics and fluorescence lifetime microscopy to study the effects of ADRB2 activation on AChR cluster stability in single live cells. The second used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tools to directly introduce Dok7 mutations to the genome of C2C12 cells, thereby overcoming some of the drawbacks associated with DOK7 overexpression. Further manipulations of these novel model systems will be used in the future to examine in more detail the molecular events underlying the pathogenic effects of DOK7 mutations and the mechanisms of ADRB2 agonists.

Subjects/Keywords: 616.7; acetylcholine receptor; congenital myasthenic syndrome; neuromuscular junction; salbutamol; beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist; DOK7

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APA (6^th Edition):

Clausen, L. (2015). Effects of beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists in DOK7 congenital myasthenic syndrome. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9360c51b-8497-47ca-bd16-e917a3614a25 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.730554

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Clausen, Lisa. “Effects of beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists in DOK7 congenital myasthenic syndrome.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9360c51b-8497-47ca-bd16-e917a3614a25 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.730554.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Clausen, Lisa. “Effects of beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists in DOK7 congenital myasthenic syndrome.” 2015. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Clausen L. Effects of beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists in DOK7 congenital myasthenic syndrome. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9360c51b-8497-47ca-bd16-e917a3614a25 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.730554.

Council of Science Editors:

Clausen L. Effects of beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists in DOK7 congenital myasthenic syndrome. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2015. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9360c51b-8497-47ca-bd16-e917a3614a25 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.730554

University of Western Ontario

20. Hassan, Muna. Efficacy of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty in Patients with Open-angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Degree: 2017, University of Western Ontario

URL: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4524

► Purpose: To determine the efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in lowering intra-ocular pressure (IOP) levels and reducing the number of medications in patients with… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty; Glaucoma; Prostaglandin Analogs; Beta-blockers; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Alpha Agonist; Eye Diseases

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hassan, M. (2017). Efficacy of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty in Patients with Open-angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (Thesis). University of Western Ontario. Retrieved from https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4524

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hassan, Muna. “Efficacy of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty in Patients with Open-angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” 2017. Thesis, University of Western Ontario. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4524.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hassan, Muna. “Efficacy of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty in Patients with Open-angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” 2017. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Hassan M. Efficacy of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty in Patients with Open-angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4524.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Hassan M. Efficacy of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty in Patients with Open-angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2017. Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4524

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Texas Tech University

21. Abney, Cassie S. Effects of optaflexx (ractopamine hydrochloride) on performance, rate and variation of intake, and acid-base balance in feedlot cattle.

Degree: Animal and Food Sciences, 2006, Texas Tech University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/1032

► Research was conducted to determine the effects of Optaflexx (OP) in feedlot cattle. In Exp. 1, a 3 x 3 factorial was used to study… (more)

▼ Research was conducted to determine the effects of Optaflexx (OP) in feedlot cattle. In Exp. 1, a 3 x 3 factorial was used to study optimal dose (0, 100, or 200 mg•steer-1•d-1) and duration of feeding (28, 35, or 42 d) of OP in a randomized complete block design (n = 360; BW = 545 ± 33 kg). As OP dose increased, there was a linear increase in final BW (FBW; 1.6%; P = 0.011), average daily gain (ADG; 18.2%; P < 0.001), and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F; 15.6%; P < 0.001). As duration of feeding increased, there were quadratic (P = 0.04) and linear (P < 0.004) effects on ADG, with tendencies (P < 0.10) for quadratic effects for FBW, dry matter intake, and G:F. Hot carcass weight increased linearly (1.9%; P = 0.016) as dose of OP increased. Increasing dose of OP from 0 to 200 mg•steer-1•d-1 and duration of feeding from 28 to 42 d, improved feedlot performance, although quadratic responses for duration of feeding indicated little improvement as duration was extended from 35 to 42 d. In Exp. 2, 12 crossbred beef steers (BW = 593 ± 16 kg) were used in a completely randomized design to evaluate effects of OP (0 or 200 mg•steer-1•d-1) on rate of intake, daily deviation in intake, and acid-base balance. There were no differences in feedlot performance, urine pH, blood gas measurements, or daily deviations in intake between treatments; however, cattle fed OP at 200 mg•steer-1•d-1 had increased longissimus muscle area, decreased yield grade, and increased time to consume 50 and 75% of daily intake compared with control cattle. In Exp. 3, feed delivery data from three dose and duration trials were analyzed for day-to-day variation in feed deliveries. Based on analyses of adjusted absolute daily deviations in feed delivered, data indicated that OP did not affect daily variation; however, cattle tended to consume feed sporadically. These studies indicate that feeding OP for 35 d at 200 mg•steer-1•d-1 provided optimal improvement in feedlot performance, and that OP did not affect acid-base balance or variation in feed intake. Advisors/Committee Members: Galyean, Michael L. (Committee Chair), Vogel, Gary J. (committee member), Albin, Robert C. (committee member), Wester, David B. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Optaflexx; Ractopamine hydrochloride; Cattle; Beta-agonist

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APA (6^th Edition):

Abney, C. S. (2006). Effects of optaflexx (ractopamine hydrochloride) on performance, rate and variation of intake, and acid-base balance in feedlot cattle. (Thesis). Texas Tech University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2346/1032

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Abney, Cassie S. “Effects of optaflexx (ractopamine hydrochloride) on performance, rate and variation of intake, and acid-base balance in feedlot cattle.” 2006. Thesis, Texas Tech University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2346/1032.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Abney, Cassie S. “Effects of optaflexx (ractopamine hydrochloride) on performance, rate and variation of intake, and acid-base balance in feedlot cattle.” 2006. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Abney CS. Effects of optaflexx (ractopamine hydrochloride) on performance, rate and variation of intake, and acid-base balance in feedlot cattle. [Internet] [Thesis]. Texas Tech University; 2006. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/1032.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Abney CS. Effects of optaflexx (ractopamine hydrochloride) on performance, rate and variation of intake, and acid-base balance in feedlot cattle. [Thesis]. Texas Tech University; 2006. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/1032

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

22. Harsh, Bailey N. Effects of ractopamine hydrochloride on nutrient digestibility, environmental N excretion, regulation of skeletal muscle growth, and beta-receptor subtypes in finishing beef steers.

Degree: PhD, Animal Sciences, 2018, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101521

► Beta-adrenergic agonists such as ractopamine hydrochloride (Actogain, Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ) are growth-promoting technologies that when fed at the end of the finishing period in cattle… (more)

▼ Beta-adrenergic agonists such as ractopamine hydrochloride (Actogain, Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ) are growth-promoting technologies that when fed at the end of the finishing period in cattle act as repartitioning agents, redirecting energy toward protein accretion and away from lipid deposition. Despite nearly fifty years of research, several questions still exist surrounding beta-adrenergic receptors and the agonists to which they bind. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate these areas where relatively little literature exists. Targeted toward two independent areas of focus, this research was divided into two distinct studies. The objective of the first study was to evaluate the effects of ractopamine hydrochloride (Actogain) on nitrogen excretion and nutrient digestibility. The objective of the second study was to compare protein abundance of beta-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) subtypes between bovine muscle, organ, and adipose tissues through western blotting procedures. In a randomized complete block design, twelve Simmental × Angus steers were assigned dietary treatments including a control (without Actogain; CON) or 400 mg·steer-1·d-1 ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC) for 35 d before slaughter. Two 5 d sampling periods were conducted on each block for total collection of feed, orts, feces and urine. No interaction (P > 0.10) between treatment and collection period was observed for any parameter evaluated. Dietary treatment had no effect (P = 0.38) on DMI, but RAC-fed steers had decreased fecal DM output (2.1 vs. 2.5 kg DM/d; P = 0.04) compared with CON-fed steers. Steers fed RAC had greater apparent total tract DM digestibility (72.8 vs. 68.9%; P = 0.02), NDF digestibility (59.2 vs. 53.3%; P < 0.01), and ADF digestibility (53.8 vs. 47.9%; P = 0.05) than CON-fed steers. Although dietary treatment did not affect nitrogen intake (P = 0.51) or nitrogen digestibility (P = 0.14), RAC-fed steers excreted less total nitrogen (120.8 vs. 138.2 g/d; P = 0.02) than CON-fed steers due to a tendency for decreased fecal nitrogen output (61.5 vs. 71.8 g/d; P = 0.09) in RAC-fed steers compared with CON-fed steers. However, dietary treatment had no effect (P = 0.31) on urinary nitrogen output or percentage of nitrogen excreted as urea. An in vitro experiment was conducted to validate the effects of RAC on nutrient digestibility using a contemporary group of heifers (N = 19). Rumen fluid was collected by stomach tube from CON- and RAC-fed heifers to inoculate tubes containing a CON or RAC substrate in a split-plot design. No interaction between rumen fluid source and in vitro substrate was observed (P = 0.44). Greater IVDMD (64.0 vs. 58.6%; P = 0.01) was observed in tubes containing rumen fluid from RAC-fed heifers compared with rumen fluid from CON-fed heifers. Inclusion of RAC in the in vitro substrate increased IVDMD (63.1 vs. 59.5%; P < 0.01). Results suggest feeding RAC may impact microbial digestion of the finishing diet to increase total tract digestion and reduce nitrogen excretion in the 35 d period prior to… Advisors/Committee Members: Boler, Dustin D (advisor), Boler, Dustin D (Committee Chair), Dilger, Anna C (committee member), Shike, Dan W (committee member), McCann, Josh C (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Beef; Beta-agonist; Beta-adrenergic receptor; Cattle; Digestibility; Environmental sustainability; Greenhouse gas emissions; Methane; Nitrogen excretion; Protein abundance; Ractopamine

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APA (6^th Edition):

Harsh, B. N. (2018). Effects of ractopamine hydrochloride on nutrient digestibility, environmental N excretion, regulation of skeletal muscle growth, and beta-receptor subtypes in finishing beef steers. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101521

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Harsh, Bailey N. “Effects of ractopamine hydrochloride on nutrient digestibility, environmental N excretion, regulation of skeletal muscle growth, and beta-receptor subtypes in finishing beef steers.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101521.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Harsh, Bailey N. “Effects of ractopamine hydrochloride on nutrient digestibility, environmental N excretion, regulation of skeletal muscle growth, and beta-receptor subtypes in finishing beef steers.” 2018. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Harsh BN. Effects of ractopamine hydrochloride on nutrient digestibility, environmental N excretion, regulation of skeletal muscle growth, and beta-receptor subtypes in finishing beef steers. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101521.

Council of Science Editors:

Harsh BN. Effects of ractopamine hydrochloride on nutrient digestibility, environmental N excretion, regulation of skeletal muscle growth, and beta-receptor subtypes in finishing beef steers. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101521

23. Simone Raymundo de Oliveira. Efeito da adição de ractopamina e da imunocastração na carne in natura de suínos.

Degree: 2016, University of São Paulo

URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-18112016-151135/

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A moderna suinocultura vem nos últimos anos avançando no desenvolvimento e no emprego de tecnologias que visam o aumento da performance produtiva e econômica do… (more)

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A moderna suinocultura vem nos últimos anos avançando no desenvolvimento e no emprego de tecnologias que visam o aumento da performance produtiva e econômica do segmento. As inovações associadas aos métodos de castração e modificadores metabólicos têm sido avaliadas, em particular o uso da imunocastração e dos repartidores de energia (ractopamina). Embora os ganhos zootécnicos e industriais destas tecnologias já estejam bem discutidos, o real impacto do emprego juntas ou isoladas sobre a qualidade tecnológica da carne pelo seu efeito na matriz bioquímica, necessita de estudos mais aprofundados. Desta forma, esta pesquisa científica foi direcionada para avaliar os efeitos, focando nas alterações dos perfis eletroforéticos da carne, advinda de animais produzidos comercialmente, utilizando concomitantemente ractopamina e imunocastração. Foram utilizados 48 suínos, criados comercialmente, sendo 8 suínos por tratamento (machos castrados cirurgicamente - CC, machos imunocastrados - IM, e fêmeas - F) recebendo dietas suplementadas com (CR) ou sem (SR) ractopamina na fase final da terminação. Avaliaram-se as características qualitativas da carne, tais como o pH, a cor objetiva, a capacidade de retenção de água (perda de água por gotejamento - drip loss, perda por cocção - PCOC, e perda por descongelamento - PDESC), maciez objetiva (força de cisalhamento) e perfil eletroforético. A utilização conjunta da imunocastração com a ractopamina influenciou o pH 24 horas do lombo suíno, a luminosidade (L*) e a força de cisalhamento, sendo que o pH e a força de cisalhamento foram maiores e a luminosidade menor em IC-CR na dieta. Porém, essa influência não foi verificada na análise eletroforética unidimensional. O perfil proteico foi significativamente influenciado pelo fornecimento do &beta;-agonista adrenérgico. Diferenças na abundância de peptídeos foram verificadas para as variáveis qualitativas da carne maciez, capacidade de retenção de água (drip loss e descongelamento) e luminosidade. Aumento nos volumes normalizados dos peptídeos reduziu a PDESC e melhorou a maciez objetiva, enquanto que o drip loss aumentou quando não houve a suplementação com ractopamina na dieta. Os resultados demonstraram que somente o &beta;-agonista adrenérgico foi o responsável pelas diferenças verificadas no perfil proteico. O efeito simultâneo imunocastração com a inclusão da ractopamina na dieta não propociou impactos na qualidade tecnológica da carne.

The modern swine industry has in recent years to advance the development and use of technologies aimed at increasing production and economic performance of the segment. Innovations associated methods of castration and metabolic modifiers have been evaluated, in special the use of immunocastration and feed additive (ractopamine). Although the production growth and industrial gains of these technologies are already well discussed, the real impact of employment together or isolated on the technological quality of meat by its effect on the biochemical matrix, requires further study. Therefore,…

Advisors/Committee Members: Júlio César de Carvalho Balieiro, Marcio Aurélio de Almeida, Fábio Enrique Lemos Budiño, Alessandra Fernandes Rosa, Marco Antonio Trindade.

Subjects/Keywords: β -agonista adrenérgico; Capacidade retenção de água; Castração; Eletroforese; Maciez; β -adrenergic agonist; Castration; Electrophoresis; Tenderness; Water-holding capacity

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Oliveira, S. R. d. (2016). Efeito da adição de ractopamina e da imunocastração na carne in natura de suínos. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-18112016-151135/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Oliveira, Simone Raymundo de. “Efeito da adição de ractopamina e da imunocastração na carne in natura de suínos.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of São Paulo. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-18112016-151135/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Oliveira, Simone Raymundo de. “Efeito da adição de ractopamina e da imunocastração na carne in natura de suínos.” 2016. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Oliveira SRd. Efeito da adição de ractopamina e da imunocastração na carne in natura de suínos. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of São Paulo; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-18112016-151135/.

Council of Science Editors:

Oliveira SRd. Efeito da adição de ractopamina e da imunocastração na carne in natura de suínos. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of São Paulo; 2016. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-18112016-151135/

24. Jussara Maria Reis Calixto. Ractopamina e arginina na alimentação de suínos.

Degree: 2012, Universidade Jose do Rosario Vellano

URL: http://tede.unifenas.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=112

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da ractopamina e arginina sobre o desempenho, características de carcaça, perfil lipídico e característica histológica de fígado… (more)

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da ractopamina e arginina sobre o desempenho, características de carcaça, perfil lipídico e característica histológica de fígado em suínos em crescimento e terminação. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualisados, com três tratamentos, oito repetições, dois animais por unidade experimental, perfazendo um total de 24 animais(12 suínos machos castrados e 12 fêmeas), com 65 dias de idade e peso vivo médio 32 0,75 quilogramas.Os tratamentos foram: T1: controle (C): dieta isoenergética e isocalórica; T2: C + 4 ppm de ractopamina e T3: C + 0,8% de arginina. Os aditivos ractopamina e arginina foram adicionados às rações fareladas e estas fornecidas ad libitum por 89 dias sendo 46 dias da fase crescimento e 43 dias da fase terminação. Ao atingirem 150 dias de idade, os animais foram abatidos. Avaliou-se o desempenho animal (consumo médio diário de ração, ganho médio diário em peso e conversão alimentar) pesando-se os animais no início e final de cada fase e as rações oferecidas. No momento do abate foram colhidas amostras de sangue para análises bioquímicas de perfil lipídico e cortes de fígado para exame histológico. As carcaças foram pesadas quentes e após 24 horas de resfriadas, foram medidos o comprimento de carcaça, espessura de toucinho e a área de olho-de-lombo. A suplementação de ractopamina diminuiu o consumo médio de ração na fase de crescimento e terminação (P<0,05) e o ganho médio diário de peso nas fases de terminação(P<0,05) sem, contudo alterar as outras variáveis como as características de carcaça (P>0,05) e perfil lipídico (P>0,05). A inclusão de arginina não alterou o desempenho (P>0,05), característica da carcaça (P>0,05) e perfil lipídico(P>0,05). Portanto, ficou caracterizado o efeito benéfico da ractopamina sobre a diminuição do consumo médio de ração na fase de crescimento e terminação e o aumento do ganho médio de peso diário na fase de terminação

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of arginine and ractopamine on performance, carcass characteristics, lipid profile and liver histological features in growing and finishing pigs. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three treatments, eight repetitions, two animals per experimental unit, for a total of 24 animals (12 barrows and 12 gilts) with 65 days of age and live weight of 32 0,75 quilogramas .The treatments were divided into: T1: control (C) (isocaloric meal and isocaloric), T2: C + 4 ppm of ractopamine and T3: C + 0.8% arginine.The additives ractopamine and arginine were added to the mash feed and these ad libitum for 89 days and 46 days of growth phase and 43 days from the termination phase. On reaching 150 days of age, the animals were slaughtered. We evaluated animal performance (average daily feed intake, average daily gain in weight and feed conversion) weighing the animals at the beginning and end of each phase and the rations offered. At slaughter blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis of lipid profile and liver slices for histological…

Advisors/Committee Members: Kleber Pelícia, Ellen Hatsumi Fukayama Neme, Adélia Pereira Miranda.

Subjects/Keywords: aditivo alimentar; agonista β; carcaça suína; desempenho animal; BIOQUIMICA; food additive; beta-adrenergic agonist; carcass; performance; lipid profile; -adrenérgico; perfil lipídico

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Calixto, J. M. R. (2012). Ractopamina e arginina na alimentação de suínos. (Thesis). Universidade Jose do Rosario Vellano. Retrieved from http://tede.unifenas.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=112

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Calixto, Jussara Maria Reis. “Ractopamina e arginina na alimentação de suínos.” 2012. Thesis, Universidade Jose do Rosario Vellano. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://tede.unifenas.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=112.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Calixto, Jussara Maria Reis. “Ractopamina e arginina na alimentação de suínos.” 2012. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Calixto JMR. Ractopamina e arginina na alimentação de suínos. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade Jose do Rosario Vellano; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://tede.unifenas.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=112.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Calixto JMR. Ractopamina e arginina na alimentação de suínos. [Thesis]. Universidade Jose do Rosario Vellano; 2012. Available from: http://tede.unifenas.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=112

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

McMaster University

25. Kim, Yechan. MODULATION OF CYCLIC ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE FOR POTENTIATION OF LONG-ACTING β2-AGONIST AND GLUCOCORTICOIDS IN HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS.

Degree: MSMS, 2019, McMaster University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/25321

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McMaster University MASTER OF SCIENCE (2019) Hamilton, Ontario (Medical Sciences) TITLE: Modulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate for potentiation of long-acting β2-agonist and glucocorticoids in human… (more)

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McMaster University MASTER OF SCIENCE (2019) Hamilton, Ontario (Medical Sciences) TITLE: Modulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate for potentiation of long-acting β2-agonist and glucocorticoids in human airway epithelial cells AUTHOR: Yechan Kim, B.HSc. (McMaster University) SUPERVISOR: Dr. Jeremy Alexander Hirota NUMBER OF PAGES: xiv, 81

In Canada, asthma is the third most common chronic disease resulting in 250 premature deaths annually and related healthcare expenses exceeding $2.1 billion/year. It is estimated that around 50-80% of asthma exacerbations are due to viral infections. Despite an advanced understanding on how to treat and manage the symptoms of asthma, current therapy is sub-optimal in 35-50% of moderate-severe asthmatics around the world resulting in lung inflammation, persistent impairment of lung function, and increased risk of mortality. Combination of long-acting β2 agonists (LABA) for bronchodilation and glucocorticoids (GCS) to control lung inflammation represent the dominant strategy for the management of asthma. Increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) beyond existing combination LABA/GCS are likely to be beneficial for the management of difficult to control asthmatics that are hypo-responsive to mainstay therapy. In human airway epithelial cells (HAEC), cAMP is either exported by transporters or broken down by enzymes, such as phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4). We have demonstrated that HAEC express ATP Binding Cassette Transporter C4 (ABCC4), an extracellular cAMP transporter. We also show that ABCC4 and PDE4 inhibition can potentiate LABA/GCS anti-inflammatory responses in a human epithelial cell line in a cAMP-dependent mechanism validating the pursuit of novel ABCC4 inhibitors as a cAMP elevating agent for asthma.

Thesis

Master of Science in Medical Sciences (MSMS)

Asthma is a common chronic lung disease characterized by narrow and inflamed airways that cause breathing difficulties. Current management includes the combination of bronchodilators, to relax the airway, and steroids, to decrease inflammation. Unfortunately, this combination therapy is suboptimal in 35-50% of users, increasing the risk of asthma attacks, hospitalization rate, and health care costs. Recently, there have been studies theorizing that we can improve the therapy’s ability to decrease inflammation by increasing cAMP, an important molecule for biological activities. We tested this claim by blocking the breakdown and export of cAMP to increase its levels and measured inflammatory cytokines, molecules that direct the action of immune cells. Our results show that in a model of viral infection, administering the combination therapy while increasing cAMP levels can further decrease inflammatory cytokines prompting further investigation for its potential implication in the clinic.

Advisors/Committee Members: Hirota, Jeremy, Health Sciences.

Subjects/Keywords: Respiratory; Immunology; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter C4; Phosphodiesterase 4; cAMP; Long acting beta agonist; glucocorticoid; asthma

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kim, Y. (2019). MODULATION OF CYCLIC ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE FOR POTENTIATION OF LONG-ACTING β2-AGONIST AND GLUCOCORTICOIDS IN HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS. (Masters Thesis). McMaster University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11375/25321

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kim, Yechan. “MODULATION OF CYCLIC ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE FOR POTENTIATION OF LONG-ACTING β2-AGONIST AND GLUCOCORTICOIDS IN HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS.” 2019. Masters Thesis, McMaster University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11375/25321.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kim, Yechan. “MODULATION OF CYCLIC ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE FOR POTENTIATION OF LONG-ACTING β2-AGONIST AND GLUCOCORTICOIDS IN HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS.” 2019. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kim Y. MODULATION OF CYCLIC ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE FOR POTENTIATION OF LONG-ACTING β2-AGONIST AND GLUCOCORTICOIDS IN HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. McMaster University; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/25321.

Council of Science Editors:

Kim Y. MODULATION OF CYCLIC ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE FOR POTENTIATION OF LONG-ACTING β2-AGONIST AND GLUCOCORTICOIDS IN HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS. [Masters Thesis]. McMaster University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/25321

26. Ebarb, Sara Michelle. The influence of growth-promoting technologies on the biological structures responsible for cooked meat tenderness.

Degree: MS, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, 2015, Kansas State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20121

► The objective of this body of work was to examine effects of growth-promoting technologies (GP) on Longissimus lumborum meat tenderness, focusing on alterations of muscle… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Implants; Beta-adrenergic agonist; Beef tenderness; Fiber cross-sectional area; Collagen; Extended aging; Animal Sciences (0475)

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ebarb, S. M. (2015). The influence of growth-promoting technologies on the biological structures responsible for cooked meat tenderness. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20121

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ebarb, Sara Michelle. “The influence of growth-promoting technologies on the biological structures responsible for cooked meat tenderness.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20121.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ebarb, Sara Michelle. “The influence of growth-promoting technologies on the biological structures responsible for cooked meat tenderness.” 2015. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Ebarb SM. The influence of growth-promoting technologies on the biological structures responsible for cooked meat tenderness. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20121.

Council of Science Editors:

Ebarb SM. The influence of growth-promoting technologies on the biological structures responsible for cooked meat tenderness. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20121

27. Vivian Vezzoni de Almeida. Respostas produtivas e expressão gênica induzidas por períodos de fornecimento de ractopamina para suínos em terminação.

Degree: 2012, University of São Paulo

URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-29102012-104431/

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O agonista beta-adrenérgico ractopamina (RAC) modifica a composição da carcaça suína por aumentar a massa muscular e reduzir a deposição de gordura. O objetivo neste… (more)

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O agonista beta-adrenérgico ractopamina (RAC) modifica a composição da carcaça suína por aumentar a massa muscular e reduzir a deposição de gordura. O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do tempo de fornecimento de RAC sobre o desempenho, concentração de ureia plasmática (CUP), características de carcaça e expressão gênica dos receptores beta- adrenérgicos (beta-AR) e das isoformas da cadeia pesada de miosina (MyHC) em suínos em terminação. Oitenta suínos, machos castrados (PV inicial = 69,42 ± 1,24 kg), foram utilizados em um experimento em blocos completos casualizados com cinco tratamentos, oito repetições por tratamento e dois animais por unidade experimental (baia). Os tratamentos consistiram de rações sem RAC (controle) ou com 10 ppm de RAC fornecidas por 7, 14, 21 ou 28 dias préabate. O PV individual e o consumo de ração por baia foram obtidos para determinar o ganho diário de peso (GDP), o consumo diário de ração (CDR) e a conversão alimentar (CA). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para determinação da CUP. No final do experimento, os animais (PV final = 102,46 ± 1,44 kg) foram abatidos e amostras de pelos e do músculo Longissimus dorsi coletadas. As carcaças foram avaliadas 24 horas post-mortem. As amostras de pelos foram utilizadas para detecção da mutação no gene do receptor de rianodina do tipo 1 (RYR1). A expressão gênica dos beta-AR (subtipos beta1 e beta2) e das isoformas MyHC (I, IIa, IIx/d e IIb) foi quantificada nas amostras de músculo. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas apenas com os animais homozigotos dominantes para a mutação no gene do RYR1. O aumento no período de fornecimento de RAC não afetou (P > 0,05) o PV final, o GDP e o CDR, porém resultou em melhora linear (P < 0,01) na CA. Melhoras (P < 0,05) nas médias semanais de GDP e CA foram observadas durante os primeiros 21 dias de fornecimento de RAC, no entanto, o crescimento animal declinou (P < 0,05) na 4ª semana de tratamento. A CUP apresentou efeito quadrático (P < 0,01) com o aumento na duração do fornecimento de RAC. Houve aumento linear (P <= 0,01) no peso da carcaça quente, na profundidade do músculo Longissimus dorsi, na área de olho de lombo e na relação carne:gordura com o aumento na duração do tratamento com RAC. Não foram detectados efeitos da RAC (P > 0,05) sobre a expressão gênica dos beta1-AR e das isoformas MyHC IIa e MyHC IIx/d, porém o aumento no período de fornecimento de RAC tendeu a reduzir linearmente (P = 0,08) a expressão gênica dos beta2-AR. Embora os níveis de RNAm da isoforma MyHC I tenham sido reduzidos linearmente (P < 0,01), a expressão gênica da isoforma MyHC IIb aumentou linearmente (P < 0,01) com o aumento na duração do tratamento com RAC. Portanto, as melhores respostas de desempenho e carcaça ocorreram quando a RAC foi fornecida por 21 e 28 dias, respectivamente. Além disso, o agonista alterou a expressão gênica das isoformas MyHC, e é possível que a ação da RAC esteja relacionada com a população de beta2-AR.

The beta-adrenergic agonist ractopamine (RAC) modifies the swine…

Advisors/Committee Members: Valdomiro Shigueru Miyada, Dirlei Antonio Berto, Jose Eurico Possebon Cyrino, José Fernando Machado Menten, Maria Cristina Thomaz.

Subjects/Keywords: Aditivo; Carcaça; Crescimento muscular; Expressão gênica; Nutrição animal; Suínos; beta-adrenergic agonist; Muscle growth; Nutrition; Swine

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Almeida, V. V. d. (2012). Respostas produtivas e expressão gênica induzidas por períodos de fornecimento de ractopamina para suínos em terminação. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-29102012-104431/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Almeida, Vivian Vezzoni de. “Respostas produtivas e expressão gênica induzidas por períodos de fornecimento de ractopamina para suínos em terminação.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of São Paulo. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-29102012-104431/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Almeida, Vivian Vezzoni de. “Respostas produtivas e expressão gênica induzidas por períodos de fornecimento de ractopamina para suínos em terminação.” 2012. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Almeida VVd. Respostas produtivas e expressão gênica induzidas por períodos de fornecimento de ractopamina para suínos em terminação. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of São Paulo; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-29102012-104431/.

Council of Science Editors:

Almeida VVd. Respostas produtivas e expressão gênica induzidas por períodos de fornecimento de ractopamina para suínos em terminação. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of São Paulo; 2012. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-29102012-104431/

Kyoto University

28. Murakami, Takaaki. Non-invasive evaluation of GPR119 agonist effects on β-cell mass in diabetic male mice using ¹¹¹In-exendin-4 SPECT/CT .

Degree: 2020, Kyoto University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253194

Subjects/Keywords: GPR119; GPR119 agonist; β-cell mass; SPECT; GLP-1 receptor; Dietary restriction

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Murakami, T. (2020). Non-invasive evaluation of GPR119 agonist effects on β-cell mass in diabetic male mice using ¹¹¹In-exendin-4 SPECT/CT . (Thesis). Kyoto University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253194

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Murakami, Takaaki. “Non-invasive evaluation of GPR119 agonist effects on β-cell mass in diabetic male mice using ¹¹¹In-exendin-4 SPECT/CT .” 2020. Thesis, Kyoto University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253194.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Murakami, Takaaki. “Non-invasive evaluation of GPR119 agonist effects on β-cell mass in diabetic male mice using ¹¹¹In-exendin-4 SPECT/CT .” 2020. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Murakami T. Non-invasive evaluation of GPR119 agonist effects on β-cell mass in diabetic male mice using ¹¹¹In-exendin-4 SPECT/CT . [Internet] [Thesis]. Kyoto University; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253194.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Murakami T. Non-invasive evaluation of GPR119 agonist effects on β-cell mass in diabetic male mice using ¹¹¹In-exendin-4 SPECT/CT . [Thesis]. Kyoto University; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253194

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

29. Body, Simon. Physiopathologie du lymphome à cellules du manteau : de la mécanistique aux modèles précliniques : Physiopathology of mantle cell lymphoma from mechanistic to preclinical models.

Degree: Docteur es, Aspects moleculaires et cellulaires de la biologie, 2017, Normandie

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC419

► Le lymphome à cellules du manteau (LCM) est une hémopathie maligne B mature, appartenant à la famille des lymphomes non hodgkiniens. Le LCM est caractérisé… (more)

▼ Le lymphome à cellules du manteau (LCM) est une hémopathie maligne B mature, appartenant à la famille des lymphomes non hodgkiniens. Le LCM est caractérisé par la translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32) qui provoque une expression aberrante de cycline D1. C’est une pathologie rare mais à haut risque de rechute, et qui reste le plus souvent incurable suite à l’apparition de clones chimiorésistants. L’acquisition de résistance est intimement liée aux interactions entre les cellules tumorales et leur microenvironnement. Afin de mimer de la manière la plus pertinente possible ces interactions, nous avons mis en place un modèle murin de xénogreffe en utilisant les lignées cellulaires de LCM JeKo1, REC1, Z138 et Granta-519 que nous avons modifiées afin qu’elles expriment un fluorophore (GFP ou m-cherry) et/ou le gène codant pour la luciférase. Après injection aux souris du substrat de la luciférase, la luciférine, nous sommes en mesure de suivre au cours du temps la progression tumorale. Nous pouvons également évaluer le degré d’infiltration tumorale dans la moelle osseuse, la rate, le cerveau et le sang après euthanasie des animaux, par des techniques de cytométrie en flux et d’immunocytochimie. Ce modèle nous a permis de montrer l’intérêt thérapeutique d’un inhibiteur de l’exportine 1 (XPO1) : le KPT 330 (ou selinexor) qui est capable de contenir cycline D1 uniquement au niveau nucléaire. Nous avons montré que la localisation subcellulaire de cycline D1, est retrouvée majoritairement cytoplasmique dans certaines lignées cellulaires de LCM (2/7) et chez un certain nombre de patients (6/42, 14%), et est associée à un fort potentiel d’invasion, de migration et à un phénotype agressif. Par ailleurs, grâce à ce modèle, nous avons pu objectiver le manque d’efficacité in vivo d’agonistes aux récepteurs aux œstrogènes de type β (ER β). Ces récepteurs, présents sur les lymphocytes B étaient supposés inhiber la prolifération cellulaire et provoquer la mort des cellules par apoptose. L’utilisation de deux agonistes des ER β, le diarylpropionitrile (DPN) et l’ERB-041 a montré une absence d’effet de ces molécules, lorsque les cellules tumorales sont au contact de leur microenvironnement. D’autre part, afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de résistance aux chimiothérapies, nous avons étudié la résistance de la lignée cellulaire REC-1 traitée par des agents génotoxiques. Nous avons montré que cette lignée présentait une anomalie de dégradation de cycline D1 associée à une activité diminuée du protéasome 26S. Enfin, nous avons montré dans des travaux préliminaires que la protéine fused in sarcoma (FUS) pourrait, lorsqu’elle est associée à cycline D1, être capable de réguler les voies de réparation des dommages à l’ADN. Des anomalies de ces voies induisent une grande instabilité génétique responsable de l’échappement des tumeurs aux traitements, le ciblage de FUS pourrait par conséquent présenter un intérêt thérapeutique.Pris dans leur ensemble, ces résultats permettent de renforcer ou d’infirmer l’intérêt de certaines cibles thérapeutiques… Advisors/Committee Members: Sola, Brigitte (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Lymphome à cellules du manteau; Cycline D1; Modèles in vivo; Agonistes aux récepteurs β des œstrogènes (ERβ); Inhibiteur d’exportin 1 (XPO1; Potentiel métastatique; Chimiorésistance; Mantle cell lymphoma; Cyclin D1; In vivo models, estrogen receptor β agonist; Exportin 1 inhibitor (XPO1); Metastatic potentia; Chemoresistance; Fused in sarcoma (FUS)

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Body, S. (2017). Physiopathologie du lymphome à cellules du manteau : de la mécanistique aux modèles précliniques : Physiopathology of mantle cell lymphoma from mechanistic to preclinical models. (Doctoral Dissertation). Normandie. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC419

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Body, Simon. “Physiopathologie du lymphome à cellules du manteau : de la mécanistique aux modèles précliniques : Physiopathology of mantle cell lymphoma from mechanistic to preclinical models.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Normandie. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC419.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Body, Simon. “Physiopathologie du lymphome à cellules du manteau : de la mécanistique aux modèles précliniques : Physiopathology of mantle cell lymphoma from mechanistic to preclinical models.” 2017. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Body S. Physiopathologie du lymphome à cellules du manteau : de la mécanistique aux modèles précliniques : Physiopathology of mantle cell lymphoma from mechanistic to preclinical models. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Normandie; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC419.

Council of Science Editors:

Body S. Physiopathologie du lymphome à cellules du manteau : de la mécanistique aux modèles précliniques : Physiopathology of mantle cell lymphoma from mechanistic to preclinical models. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Normandie; 2017. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC419

Louisiana State University

30. Thompson, Jessica. Effects of clenbuterol on skeletal and cardiac muscle in horses.

Degree: MS, Veterinary Medicine, 2009, Louisiana State University

URL: etd-07092009-163446 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/359

► Clenbuterol is a commonly prescribed β2-adrenergic agonist approved for veterinary use as a bronchodilator in horses with reactive and obstructive airway disease. Potential for abuse… (more)

▼ Clenbuterol is a commonly prescribed β2-adrenergic agonist approved for veterinary use as a bronchodilator in horses with reactive and obstructive airway disease. Potential for abuse of this drug in the horse industry is substantial, due to the perceptions that clenbuterol increases performance and lean muscle mass. Although anabolic effects have been confirmed in multiple species, recent studies into the effects of clenbuterol in exercising horses suggest that clenbuterol doses within therapeutic ranges negatively impact aerobic capacity and cardiac function. Results of studies in murine models demonstrate that clenbuterol directly induces skeletal and cardiac muscle cell death at high doses. Three cases of equine clenbuterol overdose are described, in which clinical signs of toxicity included tachycardia, muscle tremors, sweating and colic. Major laboratory abnormalities included hyperglycemia, azotemia and elevated creatine kinase activity. Two horses were euthanized due to complications of toxicity. Post-mortem abnormalities included skeletal and cardiac muscle necrosis. The experimental study reported here examined the effects of oral clenbuterol on skeletal and cardiac muscle in clinically healthy horses undergoing treadmill exercise, as compared with a control group. Additionally, serum clenbuterol concentrations were measured throughout the treatment period. This study was approved by the Louisiana State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Twelve clinically healthy Thoroughbred horses between the ages of 3 and 10 years old were randomly assigned to either the control group (n=6) or the clenbuterol group (n=6). Animals in the control group received saline by mouth twice daily for 14 days. Horses in the clenbuterol group received clenbuterol by mouth twice daily for 14 days, at incrementally increasing doses up to 3.2µg/kg. Horses were subjected to daily submaximal treadmill exercise during the treatment period. Muscle biopsies were collected before and after treatment for determination of apoptosis and histologic evidence of muscle damage. Echocardiographic measurements, serum clenbuterol concentration, and serum activities of creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase and cardiac troponin I were measured before, during, and after treatment. Venous blood samples were collected from the jugular vein(s) every 3 days during treatment. Echocardiography was repeated every 7 days after beginning treatment. Serum biochemical and echocardiographic response variables were summarized as median and range. These variables were compared between treatment groups and across time periods using a Mann-Whitney U test and Friedman’s test for repeated nonparametric data, respectively. An adjusted level of significance at p<0.01 was used to reduce type I error. The presence of apoptosis in muscle biopsy samples was compared using a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel stratified analysis, with a significance level of p<0.05. Serum clenbuterol concentrations and percent apoptosis were summarized as mean ± standard…

Subjects/Keywords: cardiac troponin I; echocardiogram; apoptosis; beta-adrenergic agonist; myopathy; horse; clenbuterol

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Thompson, J. (2009). Effects of clenbuterol on skeletal and cardiac muscle in horses. (Masters Thesis). Louisiana State University. Retrieved from etd-07092009-163446 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/359

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Thompson, Jessica. “Effects of clenbuterol on skeletal and cardiac muscle in horses.” 2009. Masters Thesis, Louisiana State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. etd-07092009-163446 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/359.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Thompson, Jessica. “Effects of clenbuterol on skeletal and cardiac muscle in horses.” 2009. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Thompson J. Effects of clenbuterol on skeletal and cardiac muscle in horses. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Louisiana State University; 2009. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: etd-07092009-163446 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/359.

Council of Science Editors:

Thompson J. Effects of clenbuterol on skeletal and cardiac muscle in horses. [Masters Thesis]. Louisiana State University; 2009. Available from: etd-07092009-163446 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/359

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations