subject:(Zoological sciences)

Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

1. Schönhofer, Axel Ludwig. Revision of Trogulidae Sundevall, 1833 (Arachnida: Opiliones).

Degree: 2009, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

URL: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2009/2052/

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The relationship and phylogeny of the western Palearctic harvestmen family Trogulidae is investigated. The traditional system of seven genera and approximately 40 species appeared to… (more)

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The relationship and phylogeny of the western Palearctic harvestmen family Trogulidae is investigated. The traditional system of seven genera and approximately 40 species appeared to be artificially composed but a phylogenetic approach and a comprehensive revision has long been sought after. Species are poorly characterised due to their uniform morphology and species evaluation is furthermore complicated by the variability of the few characters used for species delineation. To meet these demands a molecular genetic analysis is accomplished using the nuclear 28S rRNA gene and the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. This analysis incorporates most genera and species of Trogulidae as well as a comprehensive set of Nemastomatidae and Dicranolasmatidae as outgroup taxa. Phylogenetic results of Bayesian analysis, Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Neighbor Joining are compared with distributional data, morphological characters and results of canonical discriminant analysis of morphometric characters and general congruence of these data sets is shown. To demonstrate the applicability of this method the revision of two species-groups within Trogulus is set out in detail. The Trogulus hirtus species-group and the Trogulus coriziformis species-group are revised. The former is in the central and north-western Balkan Peninsula. T. tricarinatus ssp. hirtus is raised to species level and four new species are described (T. karamanorum [man.n.], T. melitensis [man.n.], T. pharensis [man.n]; T. thaleri [man.n.]). The Trogulus coriziformis species-group is confined to the western Mediterranean area. T. coriziformis, T. aquaticus are re-described, T. cristatus and T. lusitanicus are re-established and four species are described as new (T. balearicus, T. huberi, T. prietoi, T. pyrenaicus). In both species-groups two further cryptic species probably exist but were not described. The species groups are shown to represent different phylogenetic levels and this information is used for the revisional work on the genus Trogulus as well as for the generic system of Trogulidae. Family status of Dicranolasmatidae is rejected and Dicranolasma is shown to be best incorporated within Trogulidae. Calathocratus, Platybessobius and Trogulocratus appear to be polyphyletic and are best to be united within Calathocratus, the oldest name of this set. The cryptic diversity within Trogulidae, especially in Trogulus and the composed genus Calathocratus rates to 150-235% and is thereby remarkably high for a group of the generally well researched European fauna. Genetic features of the group such as heteroplasmy, the possibility of major gene rearrangements and usability of the cytochrome b gene for phylogenetic studies in Opiliones are outlined.

Die Phylogenie und Verwandtschaft der west-paläarktischen Weberknecht-Familie Trogulidae wird dargestellt. Das traditionelle System aus sieben Gattungen und etwa 40 Arten erschien bisher künstlich, und ein phylogenetischer Ansatz ebenso wie eine umfassende Revision wurden seit langem gefordert. Die Arten sind…

Subjects/Keywords: Zoological sciences

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APA (6^th Edition):

Schönhofer, A. L. (2009). Revision of Trogulidae Sundevall, 1833 (Arachnida: Opiliones). (Doctoral Dissertation). Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Retrieved from http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2009/2052/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Schönhofer, Axel Ludwig. “Revision of Trogulidae Sundevall, 1833 (Arachnida: Opiliones).” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2009/2052/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Schönhofer, Axel Ludwig. “Revision of Trogulidae Sundevall, 1833 (Arachnida: Opiliones).” 2009. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Schönhofer AL. Revision of Trogulidae Sundevall, 1833 (Arachnida: Opiliones). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2009. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2009/2052/.

Council of Science Editors:

Schönhofer AL. Revision of Trogulidae Sundevall, 1833 (Arachnida: Opiliones). [Doctoral Dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2009. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2009/2052/

Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

2. Oppermann, Daniela. Dressurexperimente zum Kontrast- und Farbensehen von Phoca vitulina und Arctocephalus pusillus.

Degree: 2015, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

URL: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2015/4150/

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Robben sind amphibische marine Säugetiere. Das bedeutet, dass sie zweirnunterschiedliche Lebensräume, Wasser und Land, bewohnen. Ihre sensorischen Systeme müssen auf beide Medien abgestimmt sein. Gerade… (more)

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Robben sind amphibische marine Säugetiere. Das bedeutet, dass sie zweirnunterschiedliche Lebensräume, Wasser und Land, bewohnen. Ihre sensorischen Systeme müssen auf beide Medien abgestimmt sein. Gerade für das Sehvermögen ist es eine große Herausforderung, sich den zwei optisch unterschiedlichen Medien anzupassen. Deshalb sind Forscher an dem Sehen von marinen Säugern seit dem zwanzigsten Jahrhundert so sehr interessiert. rnBis heute wird kontrovers diskutiert, ob marine Säugetiere Farbe sehen können, da sie durch einen Gendefekt nur einen Zapfentyp besitzen und somit zu den Zapfen-Monochromaten gehören. Dressurexperimente zeigten jedoch, dass Seebären und Seelöwen in der Lage sind grüne und blaue Testfelder von Graustufen zu unterscheiden (Busch & Dücker, 1987; Griebel & Schmid, 1992).rnUm auszuschließen, dass die Tiere ein Farbensehen über die Unterscheidung von Helligkeit vortäuschen, wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit zunächst die Kontrasterkennung untersucht und danach Tests auf Farbensehen durchgeführt. Als Versuchstiere dienten zwei Seehunde (Phoca vitulina) und zwei Südafrikanische Seebären (Arctocephalus pusillus). Alle Versuche wurden unter freien Himmel im Zoo Frankfurt durchgeführt. Den Tieren wurden immer drei Testfelder zur Auswahl geboten: zwei waren gleich und zeigten ein homogenen Hintergrund, das dritte zeigte ein Dreieck auf demselben Hintergrund. Die Tiere wurden auf das Dreieck dressiert. In den Versuchen zum Helligkeitskontrast wurden graue Dreiecke auf grauem Hintergrund verwendet. Das Dreieck wurde nicht erkannt bei einem Luminanz-Kontrast (K= LD/(LD+LH)) zwischen 0,03 und -0,12.rnBeim Test auf Farbensehen wurden die Farben Blau, Grün, Gelb und Orange auf grauem Hintergrund verwendet. Die Testreihen zeigten, dass jedes Tier auch in Bereichen von geringem Helligkeitskontrast hohe Wahlhäufigkeiten auf das farbige Dreieck erzielte und somit eindeutig die Farben Blau, Grün und Gelb sehen konnte. Lediglich bei der Farbe Orange kann keine Aussage zum Farbensehen getroffen werden, da das farbige Dreieck immer dunkler war als der Hintergrund. rnZusammenfassend konnte in dieser Arbeit gezeigt werden, dass Seehunde und Seebären in der Lage sind Farbe zu sehen. Vermutlich beruht diese Fähigkeit auf der Interaktion von Stäbchen und Zapfen. rn

Pinnipeds are amphibious marine mammals. That means that they inhabit two different environments – water and land. Their sensory systems have to function in both mediums, which is a great challenge for their sense of sight to have adapted to two so different mediums. That is the reason scientists have been so interested in vision in marine mammals since the 20th century. rnEven today, it is still controversially discussed whether marine mammals can see in colour, because, due to a genetic defect, they only have one cone, thereby placing them into the group of Cone-Monochromates. However, training experiments have shown that Fur Seals and Sea-lions are able to differentiate between green and blue test-panels and varying shades of grey (Busch & Dücker, 1987; Griebel…

Subjects/Keywords: Zoological sciences

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APA (6^th Edition):

Oppermann, D. (2015). Dressurexperimente zum Kontrast- und Farbensehen von Phoca vitulina und Arctocephalus pusillus. (Doctoral Dissertation). Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Retrieved from http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2015/4150/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Oppermann, Daniela. “Dressurexperimente zum Kontrast- und Farbensehen von Phoca vitulina und Arctocephalus pusillus.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2015/4150/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Oppermann, Daniela. “Dressurexperimente zum Kontrast- und Farbensehen von Phoca vitulina und Arctocephalus pusillus.” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Oppermann D. Dressurexperimente zum Kontrast- und Farbensehen von Phoca vitulina und Arctocephalus pusillus. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2015/4150/.

Council of Science Editors:

Oppermann D. Dressurexperimente zum Kontrast- und Farbensehen von Phoca vitulina und Arctocephalus pusillus. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2015. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2015/4150/

3. Sindiyo, Emmanuel. Poultry Husbandry Training to Improve Indigenous Chicken Production by Safina And Shalom Women Groups In Arusha Municipality.

Degree: Economics and Community Economic Development, 2011, The Open University of Tanzania

URL: http://repository.out.ac.tz/304/1/SINDIYO_2.doc

► The project was hosted by CBOs called SAFINA and SHALOM women groups found in Engutoto Ward, in Arusha Municipality, Arusha Region. The project report consists… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: 590 Zoological sciences/Animals

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sindiyo, E. (2011). Poultry Husbandry Training to Improve Indigenous Chicken Production by Safina And Shalom Women Groups In Arusha Municipality. (Masters Thesis). The Open University of Tanzania. Retrieved from http://repository.out.ac.tz/304/1/SINDIYO_2.doc

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sindiyo, Emmanuel. “Poultry Husbandry Training to Improve Indigenous Chicken Production by Safina And Shalom Women Groups In Arusha Municipality.” 2011. Masters Thesis, The Open University of Tanzania. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://repository.out.ac.tz/304/1/SINDIYO_2.doc.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sindiyo, Emmanuel. “Poultry Husbandry Training to Improve Indigenous Chicken Production by Safina And Shalom Women Groups In Arusha Municipality.” 2011. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Sindiyo E. Poultry Husbandry Training to Improve Indigenous Chicken Production by Safina And Shalom Women Groups In Arusha Municipality. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. The Open University of Tanzania; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://repository.out.ac.tz/304/1/SINDIYO_2.doc.

Council of Science Editors:

Sindiyo E. Poultry Husbandry Training to Improve Indigenous Chicken Production by Safina And Shalom Women Groups In Arusha Municipality. [Masters Thesis]. The Open University of Tanzania; 2011. Available from: http://repository.out.ac.tz/304/1/SINDIYO_2.doc

4. Mhangwa, Vincent Manoni. Establishing Indigenous Organic Poultry as an Integrated Alternative Sustainable Livelihood to Pastoralists at Mela Village in Tanzania’.

Degree: Centre for Economics and Community Economic Development, 2013, The Open University of Tanzania

URL: http://repository.out.ac.tz/1051/

► This dissertation was mainly meant to assess the influence of integrated alternative sustainable livelihoods on pastoral communities’ economic development in Mvomero District, Morogoro in eastern… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: 590 Zoological sciences/Animals

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Mhangwa, V. M. (2013). Establishing Indigenous Organic Poultry as an Integrated Alternative Sustainable Livelihood to Pastoralists at Mela Village in Tanzania’. (Masters Thesis). The Open University of Tanzania. Retrieved from http://repository.out.ac.tz/1051/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mhangwa, Vincent Manoni. “Establishing Indigenous Organic Poultry as an Integrated Alternative Sustainable Livelihood to Pastoralists at Mela Village in Tanzania’.” 2013. Masters Thesis, The Open University of Tanzania. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://repository.out.ac.tz/1051/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mhangwa, Vincent Manoni. “Establishing Indigenous Organic Poultry as an Integrated Alternative Sustainable Livelihood to Pastoralists at Mela Village in Tanzania’.” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Mhangwa VM. Establishing Indigenous Organic Poultry as an Integrated Alternative Sustainable Livelihood to Pastoralists at Mela Village in Tanzania’. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. The Open University of Tanzania; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://repository.out.ac.tz/1051/.

Council of Science Editors:

Mhangwa VM. Establishing Indigenous Organic Poultry as an Integrated Alternative Sustainable Livelihood to Pastoralists at Mela Village in Tanzania’. [Masters Thesis]. The Open University of Tanzania; 2013. Available from: http://repository.out.ac.tz/1051/

Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

5. Schaefer, Hans-Christian. The life histories of the two tropical warblers Sylvia boehmi and Sylvia lugens.

Degree: 2004, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

URL: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2005/645/

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Ziel der Arbeit war die Quantifizierung einer Reihe von Lebenszyklusmerkmalen der beiden tropischen Grasmückenarten Sylvia boehmi und S. lugens (Aves: Sylviidae; frühere Gattung Parisoma). 13… (more)

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Ziel der Arbeit war die Quantifizierung einer Reihe von Lebenszyklusmerkmalen der beiden tropischen Grasmückenarten Sylvia boehmi und S. lugens (Aves: Sylviidae; frühere Gattung Parisoma). 13 Brutpaare beider Arten wurden von 2000 bis 2002 in Kenia beobachtet. Die Daten wurden mit multivariater Statistik und multistate mark-recapture Modellen ausgewertet. Die Lebenszyklusmerkmale der beiden untersuchten Sylvia Arten sind im Vergleich zu den temperaten Sylvia-Arten gekennzeichnet durch kleine Gelege von zwei Eiern, lange Inkubationsperioden (S. boehmi (b.) 15.0 Tage, S. lugens (l.) 14.5 Tage), lange Nestlingsperioden (b. 12.9 Tage, l. 16.0 Tage), und niedrige Nesterfolgsraten (b. 19.4%, l. 33.2%). Der Zeitraum vom Ausfliegen der Jungen bis zu ihrer Unabhängigkeit war mit 58.5 Tagen bei S. boehmi und 37.5 Tagen bei S. lugens vergleichsweise lang und die Überlebensrate der flüggen Jungen in dieser Zeit war relativ hoch (b. 69.2%, l. 55.4%). Die jährliche Überlebensrate der brütenden adulten Tiere betrug bei S. boehmi 71.2% und bei S. lugens 57.2%. Die Saisonalität des Habitats, bedingt durch Regen- und Trockenzeiten, hatte keinen Einfluss auf die monatliche Überlebensrate im Laufe eines Jahres. Trotz hoher Nestprädationsraten gab es keinen klaren Zusammenhang zwischen Prädation und Fütterungsrate, Nestbewachung oder Neststandort.

The aim of this thesis was to quantify a number of life history traits of the tropical warbler species Sylvia lugens and S. boehmi (Aves: Sylviidae; former genus Parisoma). Field data were collected in Kenya from 2000-2002. 13 breeding pairs of both species were studied. Multivariate statistics and multistate mark-recapture models were used to analyse the data. In comparison to their temperate congenerics the life histories of the two tropical Sylvia species is characterised by small clutches of two eggs, long incubation periods (S. boehmi (b.) 15.0 days, S. lugens (l.) 14.5 days), long nestling periods (b. 12.9 days, l. 16.0 days), and low nest success rates (b. 19.4%, l. 33.2%). The post-fledging period showed long time to independence (b. 58.5 days, l. 37.5 days) and relatively high survival rates of the young until independence (b. 69.2%, l. 55.4%). The annual survival rates of the breeding adults were 71.2% (S. boehmi) and 57.2% (S. lugens). Seasonality of rainfall in the habitat did not affect the monthly survival rate. Although nest predation rates in both species were high, there was no clear effect of parental feeding rate, nest attentiveness, and nest site on nest predation.

Subjects/Keywords: Zoological sciences

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Schaefer, H. (2004). The life histories of the two tropical warblers Sylvia boehmi and Sylvia lugens. (Doctoral Dissertation). Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Retrieved from http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2005/645/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Schaefer, Hans-Christian. “The life histories of the two tropical warblers Sylvia boehmi and Sylvia lugens.” 2004. Doctoral Dissertation, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2005/645/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Schaefer, Hans-Christian. “The life histories of the two tropical warblers Sylvia boehmi and Sylvia lugens.” 2004. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Schaefer H. The life histories of the two tropical warblers Sylvia boehmi and Sylvia lugens. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2004. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2005/645/.

Council of Science Editors:

Schaefer H. The life histories of the two tropical warblers Sylvia boehmi and Sylvia lugens. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2004. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2005/645/

Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

6. Elzner, Stephan. (S)-(-)-Curvularin als Leitstruktur für die Synthese neuartiger antiinflammatorischer Wirkstoffe.

Degree: 2005, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

URL: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2005/862/

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Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Darstellung antiinflammatorischer Wirkstoffe basierend auf (S)-(-)-Curvularin. Zur Ermittlung von Struktur-Aktivitäts-Beziehungen sollte eine möglichst große Zahl an Derivaten dargestellt und in… (more)

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Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Darstellung antiinflammatorischer Wirkstoffe basierend auf (S)-(-)-Curvularin. Zur Ermittlung von Struktur-Aktivitäts-Beziehungen sollte eine möglichst große Zahl an Derivaten dargestellt und in Zusammenarbeit mit pharmakologischen und mikrobiologischen Arbeitsgruppen. Es wurde ein neuer und effizienter totalsynthetischer Zugang zu Curvularin sowie analogen Ringsystemen erarbeitet mit einer Ringschluss-Metathese als Schlüsselschritt zur Bildung des Makrocyclus. Ausgehend von den Synthesebausteinen 3,5-Dihydroxyphenylessigsäure und (S)-Propenoxid gelang die Darstellung des Naturstoffes (S) ( )-Curvularin mit einer Gesamtausbeute von 10 % über sieben Stufen. Der Naturstoff Curvularin selbst wurde durch Modifikationen an den phenolischen Funktionen, durch elektrophile aromatische Substitution, Reduktion sowie konjugierte Addition an den Naturstoff 10,11-Dehydrocurvularin derivatisiert. Mit diesen synthetischen Ansätzen konnten die Strukturelemente des Naturstoffes systematisch variiert werden und es konnten insgesamt 28 Makrolactone synthetisiert werden. Anhand der biologischen Evaluierung der Verbindungen ließen sich Rückschlüsse auf die pharmakophoren Gruppen des Naturstoffes ziehen, bei vier der synthetisierten Verbindungen konnten im Vergleich zu Curvularin eine höhere biologische Aktivität erzielt werden. Anhand der Erkenntnisse aus den biologischen Tests ließen sich strukturell einfachere Verbindungen als potentielle Wirkstrukturen entwerfen. Es wurden verschiedene ortho-acylierte 3,5-Dihydroxyphenylessigsäurederivate sowie substituierte 6,8-Dihydoxytetralon- und 6,8-Dihydroxyisochinolon-Verbindungen synthetisiert. Diese vereinfachten Partialstrukturen zeigten eine geringere biologischen Aktivität als der Naturstoff.

In the context of this doctoral thesis, the synthesis of anti-inflammatory compounds based on (S)-(-)-Curvularin was investigated. This natural product inhibits inflammatory processes on the level of gene expression. For a structure-activity relationship, various derivatives of Curvularin were synthesized and biologically evaluated in cooperation with microbiological and pharmacological groups. A novel total synthesis of the natural product was developed with a ring closure metathesis as a key step for the formation of the twelve-membered ring system. Starting from the building blocks 3,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and (S)-propenoxide, the total synthesis was accomplished in an overall yield of 10 % over seven steps. By modification of this synthesis, derivatives focusing on the ring size and stereochemistry were synthesized. Further structural variation was possible by functionalization of the olefinic bond formed during the ring closing metathesis. Curvularin was chemically modified at the phenolic functionalities, by electrophilic aromatic substitution, reduction and conjugate addition to the natural product 10,11-Dehydrocurvularin. With these synthetic approaches 28 macrocyclic compounds were accessible and the structural elements of Curvularin could systematically…

Subjects/Keywords: Zoological sciences

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Elzner, S. (2005). (S)-(-)-Curvularin als Leitstruktur für die Synthese neuartiger antiinflammatorischer Wirkstoffe. (Doctoral Dissertation). Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Retrieved from http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2005/862/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Elzner, Stephan. “(S)-(-)-Curvularin als Leitstruktur für die Synthese neuartiger antiinflammatorischer Wirkstoffe.” 2005. Doctoral Dissertation, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2005/862/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Elzner, Stephan. “(S)-(-)-Curvularin als Leitstruktur für die Synthese neuartiger antiinflammatorischer Wirkstoffe.” 2005. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Elzner S. (S)-(-)-Curvularin als Leitstruktur für die Synthese neuartiger antiinflammatorischer Wirkstoffe. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2005. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2005/862/.

Council of Science Editors:

Elzner S. (S)-(-)-Curvularin als Leitstruktur für die Synthese neuartiger antiinflammatorischer Wirkstoffe. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2005. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2005/862/

Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

7. Reinhardt, Verena. The importance of visual and olfactory stimuli during flower visits in Apis mellifera.

Degree: 2014, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

URL: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2014/3935/

► Flowers attract honeybees using colour and scent signals. Bimodality (having both scent and colour) in flowers leads to increased visitation rates, but how the signals… (more)

▼ Flowers attract honeybees using colour and scent signals. Bimodality (having both scent and colour) in flowers leads to increased visitation rates, but how the signals influence each other in a foraging situation is still quite controversial. We studied four basic questions: When faced with conflicting scent and colour information, will bees choose by scent and ignore the “wrong” colour, or vice versa? To get to the bottom of this question, we trained bees on scent-colour combination AX (rewarded) versus BY (unrewarded) and tested them on AY (previously rewarded colour and unrewarded scent) versus BX (previously rewarded scent and unrewarded colour). It turned out that the result depends on stimulus quality: if the colours are very similar (unsaturated blue and blue-green), bees choose by scent. If they are very different (saturated blue and yellow), bees choose by colour. We used the same scents, lavender and rosemary, in both cases. Our second question was: Are individual bees hardwired to use colour and ignore scent (or vice versa), or can this behaviour be modified, depending on which cue is more readily available in the current foraging context? To study this question, we picked colour-preferring bees and gave them extra training on scent-only stimuli. Afterwards, we tested if their preference had changed, and if they still remembered the scent stimulus they had originally used as their main cue. We came to the conclusion that a colour preference can be reversed through scent-only training. We also gave scent-preferring bees extra training on colour-only stimuli, and tested for a change in their preference. The number of animals tested was too small for statistical tests (n = 4), but a common tendency suggested that colour-only training leads to a preference for colour. A preference to forage by a certain sensory modality therefore appears to be not fixed but flexible, and adapted to the bee’s surroundings. Our third question was: Do bees learn bimodal stimuli as the sum of their parts (elemental learning), or as a new stimulus which is different from the sum of the components’ parts (configural learning)? We trained bees on bimodal stimuli, then tested them on the colour components only, and the scent components only. We performed this experiment with a similar colour set (unsaturated blue and blue-green, as above), and a very different colour set (saturated blue and yellow), but used lavender and rosemary for scent stimuli in both cases. Our experiment yielded unexpected results: with the different colours, the results were best explained by elemental learning, but with the similar colour set, bees exhibited configural learning. Still, their memory of the bimodal compound was excellent. Finally, we looked at reverse-learning. We reverse-trained bees with bimodal stimuli to find out whether bimodality leads to better reverse-learning compared to monomodal stimuli. We trained bees on AX (rewarded) versus BY (unrewarded), then on AX (unrewarded) versus BY (rewarded), and finally on AX (rewarded) and BY…

Subjects/Keywords: Honigbiene; Bestäubung; Sinneswahrnehmung; Insekten; Zoological sciences

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Reinhardt, V. (2014). The importance of visual and olfactory stimuli during flower visits in Apis mellifera. (Doctoral Dissertation). Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Retrieved from http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2014/3935/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Reinhardt, Verena. “The importance of visual and olfactory stimuli during flower visits in Apis mellifera.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2014/3935/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Reinhardt, Verena. “The importance of visual and olfactory stimuli during flower visits in Apis mellifera.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Reinhardt V. The importance of visual and olfactory stimuli during flower visits in Apis mellifera. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2014/3935/.

Council of Science Editors:

Reinhardt V. The importance of visual and olfactory stimuli during flower visits in Apis mellifera. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2014. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2014/3935/

Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

8. Hammouti, Nasera. Molecular phylogeography of the Woodland Ringlet (Erebia medusa [Denis and Schiffermüller] 1775) in Europe.

Degree: 2006, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

URL: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2006/1021/

► Phylogeography is a recent field of biological research that links phylogenetics to biogeography through deciphering the imprint that evolutionary history has left on the genetic… (more)

▼ Phylogeography is a recent field of biological research that links phylogenetics to biogeography through deciphering the imprint that evolutionary history has left on the genetic structure of extant populations. During the cold phases of the successive ice ages, which drastically shaped species’ distributions since the Pliocene, populations of numerous species were isolated in refugia where many of them evolved into different genetic lineages. My dissertation deals with the phylogeography of the Woodland Ringlet (Erebia medusa [Denis and Schiffermüller] 1775) in Central and Eastern Europe. This Palaearctic butterfly species is currently distributed from central France and south eastern Belgium over large parts of Central Europe and southern Siberia to the Pacific. It is absent from those parts of Europe with mediterranean, oceanic and boreal climates. It was supposed to be a Siberian faunal element with a rather homogeneous population structure in Central Europe due to its postglacial expansion out of a single eastern refugium. An already existing evolutionary scenario for the Woodland Ringlet in Central and Eastern Europe is based on nuclear data (allozymes). To know if this is corroborated by organelle evolutionary history, I sequenced two mitochondrial markers (part of the cytochrome oxydase subunit one and the control region) for populations sampled over the same area. Phylogeography largely relies on the construction of networks of uniparentally inherited haplotypes that are compared to geographic haplotype distribution thanks to recent developed methods such as nested clade phylogeographic analysis (NCPA). Several ring-shaped ambiguities (loops) emerged from both haplotype networks in E. medusa. They can be attributed to recombination and homoplasy. Such loops usually avert the straightforward extraction of the phylogeographic signal contained in a gene tree. I developed several new approaches to extract phylogeographic information in the presence of loops, considering either homoplasy or recombination. This allowed me to deduce a consistent evolutionary history for the species from the mitochondrial data and also adds plausibility for the occurrence of recombination in E. medusa mitochondria. Despite the fact that the control region is assumed to have a lack of resolving power in other species, I found a considerable genetic variation of this marker in E. medusa which makes it a useful tool for phylogeographic studies. In combination with the allozyme data, the mitochondrial genome supports the following phylogeographic scenario for E. medusa in Europe: (i) a first vicariance, due to the onset of the Würm glaciation, led to the formation of several major lineages, and is mirrored in the NCPA by restricted gene flow, (ii) later on further vicariances led to the formation of two sub-lineages in the Western lineage and two sub-lineages in the Eastern lineage during the Last Glacial Maximum or Older Dryas; additionally the NCPA supports a restriction of gene flow with isolation by distance, (iii) finally,…

Subjects/Keywords: Lepidoptera; Zoological sciences

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hammouti, N. (2006). Molecular phylogeography of the Woodland Ringlet (Erebia medusa [Denis and Schiffermüller] 1775) in Europe. (Doctoral Dissertation). Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Retrieved from http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2006/1021/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hammouti, Nasera. “Molecular phylogeography of the Woodland Ringlet (Erebia medusa [Denis and Schiffermüller] 1775) in Europe.” 2006. Doctoral Dissertation, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2006/1021/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hammouti, Nasera. “Molecular phylogeography of the Woodland Ringlet (Erebia medusa [Denis and Schiffermüller] 1775) in Europe.” 2006. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Hammouti N. Molecular phylogeography of the Woodland Ringlet (Erebia medusa [Denis and Schiffermüller] 1775) in Europe. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2006. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2006/1021/.

Council of Science Editors:

Hammouti N. Molecular phylogeography of the Woodland Ringlet (Erebia medusa [Denis and Schiffermüller] 1775) in Europe. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2006. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2006/1021/

9. Bürkli, Anja. Individual-level variation in the mating system of a self-compatible hermaphrodite.

Degree: 2017, ETH Zürich

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/185629

► Reproduction is one of the most basic characteristics of life itself. The specific mode of reproduction profoundly impacts almost all aspects of biology, ranging from… (more)

▼ Reproduction is one of the most basic characteristics of life itself. The specific mode of reproduction profoundly impacts almost all aspects of biology, ranging from the genetic makeup of organisms to their physiology, morphology, behavior, life history and eventually evolution. Understanding variation among individuals in their ability to reproduce has therefore been a central theme in evolutionary biology for a long time. Of particular interest are organisms that are not restricted to a single mode of reproduction, as their study facilitates comparisons between different reproductive strategies. The freshwater snail Radix balthica is simultaneously hermaphroditic and additionally able to reproduce through self-fertilization (hereafter selfing). In my Ph.D. project, I characterized the mating system in a single natural population of this snail by (I) estimating the rate of selfing and (II) the frequency of multiple paternity in field-collected egg clutches, (III) measuring the fitness consequences of individual reproductive strategies in the laboratory, and (IV) quantifying inbreeding depression in two natural environments. In collaboration with engineers, I also developed an automatic high throughput method to measure living snails from digital images (V). I found that the study population had been almost exclusively outcrossing for at least several generations. From a methodological perspective, I demonstrated the importance of using both a robust method and molecular markers of sufficient statistical power when estimating selfing rates, and identified the conditions under which an indirect estimation method can safely replace a direct but more labor-intensive approach. Next I counted the number of siring fathers among the embryos of an egg clutch for a total of 60 clutches collected in the field. Multiple paternity was present in half of all clutches, and showed a strong and surprising increase in both frequency and magnitude during the reproductive season. The evident promiscuity, coupled with the finding of a single dominant father in most clutches, suggests that sexual selection may be a strong evolutionary force in this population. Using carefully monitored mating trials in the laboratory, I then examined the relationship between individual mating behavior and lifetime reproductive success. Although all snails were given access to mating partners, I found surprisingly large variation in reproductive strategies, ranging from pure voluntary selfing over sex-role specialization to snails utilizing their full hermaphroditic potential. Even so, failing to mate as a female, thereby restricting the individual to self-fertilize its eggs, reduced female lifetime reproductive output by half. Finally, I conducted a large-scale field experiment to quantify inbreeding depression in selfed snails in juvenile survival, growth and parasite resistance in two natural habitats that greatly differed in quality. I found that selfed snails were only moderately disadvantaged as juveniles, but future studies will need to… Advisors/Committee Members: Jokela, Jukka, id_orcid0000-0002-1731-727X, Delph, Lynda F..

Subjects/Keywords: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/590; Zoological sciences

10 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bürkli, A. (2017). Individual-level variation in the mating system of a self-compatible hermaphrodite. (Doctoral Dissertation). ETH Zürich. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/185629

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bürkli, Anja. “Individual-level variation in the mating system of a self-compatible hermaphrodite.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, ETH Zürich. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/185629.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bürkli, Anja. “Individual-level variation in the mating system of a self-compatible hermaphrodite.” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Bürkli A. Individual-level variation in the mating system of a self-compatible hermaphrodite. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. ETH Zürich; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/185629.

Council of Science Editors:

Bürkli A. Individual-level variation in the mating system of a self-compatible hermaphrodite. [Doctoral Dissertation]. ETH Zürich; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/185629

University of Oxford

10. Gordon, Christopher H. Disease and Ethiopian wolves (Canis simensis) : trialling the feasibility of oral vaccination against rabies.

Degree: PhD, 2013, University of Oxford

URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fe1a072e-e508-4c89-a454-399c7dd62f46 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.770320

► Disease often plays a large role in the population dynamics of wild canids, and is the most immediate threat to the Endangered Ethiopian wolf (Canis… (more)

▼ Disease often plays a large role in the population dynamics of wild canids, and is the most immediate threat to the Endangered Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis). Well-documented rabies epizootics have devastated the Bale wolf population three times since 1991, with mortality of 65-75% in affected areas. Intensive monitoring permitted the diagnoses of wolf carcasses found in 2008/09, which confirmed two separate introductions of the same rabies strain from the sympatric dog reservoir, with severe consequences for the affected populations. During emergency interventions, 98 wolves were vaccinated in 20 packs adjacent to affected packs, to contain the spread of rabies, as in 2003. The impact of rabies upon Ethiopian wolves may be compounded by canine distemper virus (CDV). The first recorded CDV mortalities showed high mortality rates of 43-68% during two separate epizootics in 2005/06 and 2010. Mortality was higher in sub-adults (83-87%) than adults (34-39%), and breeding success immediately after an epizootic was unusually low. In the Web Valley, CDV in 2010 followed the rabies outbreak two years prior, affecting a wolf population that had not fully recovered, and four of seven packs disappeared. The combined impact of rabies and CDV at low inter-epizootic intervals markedly affected Ethiopian wolf pack persistence and population recovery, as was predicted by previous models. The severe effect of recurrent epizootics on wolf population dynamics, combined with the fragility of small population sizes, highlight the need to improve current disease control policies. To date, efforts to protect wolves have focused on vaccination of the dog reservoir, and the emergency vaccination of wolves in response to rabies outbreaks. Oral vaccination potentially offers an efficient and economical method to inoculate both dogs and wolves against rabies, and was identified as a key tool for wolf conservation. To test its suitability, field trials of the oral vaccine Rabigen® SAG2Dog were conducted on dogs. In total, 142 vaccines were delivered to 116 dogs using a variety of baits. Intestine baits had highest uptake rates but meat baits were chewed the longest, maximising the potential for vaccine absorption. Rabies antibody titres in pre- and post-vaccination samples were assessed using the FAVN test at a 0.5IU/ml protection threshold. The number of dogs to seroconvert following vaccination was low (11%), even at a reduced threshold of 0.2IU/ml (37%). There were limited anamnestic responses to the vaccine (an enhanced reaction in previously exposed dogs) in baseline positive dogs (25%). Low sero-conversion and logistical difficulties of maintaining a cold chain for this vaccine, offer little evidence that Rabigen® SAG2Dog would provide effective rabies protection for dogs. Bait uptake and the effectiveness of Rabigen® SAG2Dog were also tested on wolves. Meat baits had highest uptake (50-53%), and targeted delivery had better uptake than random delivery. Subsequently, Rabigen® SAG2Dog was delivered using the favoured meat bait and targeted…

Subjects/Keywords: Ecology (zoology); Disease (zoology); Zoological sciences

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gordon, C. H. (2013). Disease and Ethiopian wolves (Canis simensis) : trialling the feasibility of oral vaccination against rabies. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fe1a072e-e508-4c89-a454-399c7dd62f46 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.770320

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gordon, Christopher H. “Disease and Ethiopian wolves (Canis simensis) : trialling the feasibility of oral vaccination against rabies.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fe1a072e-e508-4c89-a454-399c7dd62f46 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.770320.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gordon, Christopher H. “Disease and Ethiopian wolves (Canis simensis) : trialling the feasibility of oral vaccination against rabies.” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Gordon CH. Disease and Ethiopian wolves (Canis simensis) : trialling the feasibility of oral vaccination against rabies. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fe1a072e-e508-4c89-a454-399c7dd62f46 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.770320.

Council of Science Editors:

Gordon CH. Disease and Ethiopian wolves (Canis simensis) : trialling the feasibility of oral vaccination against rabies. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2013. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fe1a072e-e508-4c89-a454-399c7dd62f46 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.770320

University of Oxford

11. Haghighat-Khah, Roya Elaine. The genetic control of Aedes aegypti.

Degree: PhD, 2013, University of Oxford

URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:42ff7937-e2ea-4842-871d-652a895ab585 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711688

► In the last century, we have observed the introduction, establishment and expansion of mosquito-borne diseases into diverse new geographic ranges. The utility of genetically engineered… (more)

▼ In the last century, we have observed the introduction, establishment and expansion of mosquito-borne diseases into diverse new geographic ranges. The utility of genetically engineered mosquitoes as tools to decrease the burden of disease by controlling disease-transmitting vectors is being evaluated. The work in this thesis contributes to this goal by exploring mechanisms to spread (or 'drive') anti-pathogenic traits (i.e. disease refractoriness) into target populations through the use of an engineered gene drive system in Aedes aegypti, and by developing additional tools for the safe, reliable, and targeted transformation of these mosquitoes for field release using a novel site-specific cassette exchange mechanism. The proposed gene drive system is underdominance-like as it relies on the inheritance of a pair of trans-suppressing lethal constructs, and uses a novel design to help tackle the 'linkage problem', which is the potential dissociation of the drive system and its 'cargo' anti-pathogenic gene(s). One component of this proposed gene drive system is a lethal or fitness-reducing gene. A range of effector proteins with different biochemical modes of action was screened for their suitability in this system. Effectors that looked promising in this initial screen were evaluated further for their phenotypes when expressed under the control of selected blood-meal inducible promoters. One combination gave the interesting and novel phenotype of temporary blood-meal-induced paralysis. Partial suppression of effector expression was achieved by co-expressing a hairpin RNA for RNA interference, however it proved difficult to combine adequate fitness penalty and rescue to the degree required for a field-usable system. The cassette exchange system combines the ΦC31-att integration system, and Cre or FLP-mediated excision to remove extraneous sequences introduced as part of the site-specific integration process. This provides a useful new tool for genome manipulation. Complete cassette exchange was achieved and the absence of any obvious fitness costs or positional effects in two docking strains make these lines good candidates for both research and generation of new transgenic strains for genetic control of Ae. aegypti.

Subjects/Keywords: 572.8; Genetics (life sciences); Life Sciences; Biology; Zoological sciences

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APA (6^th Edition):

Haghighat-Khah, R. E. (2013). The genetic control of Aedes aegypti. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:42ff7937-e2ea-4842-871d-652a895ab585 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711688

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Haghighat-Khah, Roya Elaine. “The genetic control of Aedes aegypti.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:42ff7937-e2ea-4842-871d-652a895ab585 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711688.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Haghighat-Khah, Roya Elaine. “The genetic control of Aedes aegypti.” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Haghighat-Khah RE. The genetic control of Aedes aegypti. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:42ff7937-e2ea-4842-871d-652a895ab585 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711688.

Council of Science Editors:

Haghighat-Khah RE. The genetic control of Aedes aegypti. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2013. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:42ff7937-e2ea-4842-871d-652a895ab585 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711688

Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

12. Meyer, Achim. Molecular phylogenetic inferences on the position of the Mollusca within the Lophotrochozoa.

Degree: 2009, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

URL: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2010/2180/

►

Die phylogenetische Position der Mollusken innerhalb der Trochozoa sowie die interne Evolution der Klassen der Mollusca sind weitgehend unbekannt und wurden in meiner Arbeit anhand… (more)

▼

Die phylogenetische Position der Mollusken innerhalb der Trochozoa sowie die interne Evolution der Klassen der Mollusca sind weitgehend unbekannt und wurden in meiner Arbeit anhand molekularer Merkmale untersucht. Phylogenomische Analysen zeigten in der Vergangenheit eine gute Auflösung für ursprüngliche Speziationsereignisse. Daher wurden hier drei neue EST Datensätze generiert: für Sipunculus nudus (Sipuncula), Barentsia elongata (Kamptozoa) und Lepidochitona cinerea, (Polyplacophora, Mollusca). Zusätzlich wurden gezielt Gene verschiedener Mollusken mittels RT-PCR amplifiziert. rnSowohl Kamptozoen als auch Sipunculiden wurden aufgrund morphologischer Kriterien bisher als mögliche Schwestergruppe der Mollusken gehandelt, aber die hier erzielten Ergebnisse zur Evolution der Hämerythrine, Gen-Anordnungen der mitochondrialen Genome und phylogenetische Analysen der ribosomalen und der mitochondriellen Proteine stützen diese Hypothese nicht. Die Position der Kamptozoa erwies sich hier generell als unbeständig; phylogenomische Analysen deuten eine Nähe zu den Bryozoen an, aber diese Position wird stark durch die Auswahl der Taxa beeinflusst. Dagegen weisen meine Analysen klar auf eine nähere Beziehung zwischen Annelida und Sipuncula hin. Die ribosomalen Proteine zeigen Sipuncula (und Echiura) sogar als Subtaxa der Anneliden. Wie den Mollusken fehlt den Sipunculiden jegliche Segmentierung und meine Ergebnisse legen hier die Möglichkeit des Verlusts dieses Merkmals innerhalb der Anneliden bei den Sipunculiden nahe. Innerhalb der Mollusken wurden die Solenogastren bereits als Schwestergruppe aller rezenten Mollusken vorgeschlagen. Im Rahmen meiner Arbeit wurden von drei verschiedenen Solenogastren-Arten die ersten zuverlässigen 18S rRNA-Sequenzen ermittelt, und es zeigte sich, dass alle bisher veröffentlichten 18S-Sequenzen dieser Molluskenklasse höchst unvollständig oder fehlerhaft sind. rnRibosomale Proteine sind gute phylogenetische Marker und hier wurden die Auswahl und Anzahl dieser Gene für phylogenetische Analysen optimiert. Über Sonden-basierte Detektion wurde eine sampling-Strategie getestet, die im Vergleich mit standard-phylogenomischen Ansätzen zukünftige molekulare Stammbaumrekonstruktionen mit größerem Taxonsampling ermöglicht.rn

The position of the Mollusca in the phylogenetic system is uncertain and their internal relationships are only scarcely known. To infer mollusk phylogeny three EST-datasets were generated: Sipunculus nudus (Sipuncula), Barentsia elongata (Kamptozoa) and Lepidochitona cinerea, (Polyplacophora, Mollusca). These data were supplemented by single gene amplification experiments. rnKamptozoa and Sipuncula were both discussed as possible molluscan sistergroups, but all data presented here favor a close relationship of Sipuncula with annelids: (i) monomeric hemerythrins are similar in annelids and sipunculids; (ii) mitochondrial gene order support Annelida as their sistergroup, and (iii) phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial protein-coding genes and nuclear ribosomal proteins suggest…

Subjects/Keywords: Weichtiere; Phylogenie; Spritzwuermer; Kamptozoen; Mollusks; Phylogeny; Peanut Worms; Entoprocts; Zoological sciences

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APA (6^th Edition):

Meyer, A. (2009). Molecular phylogenetic inferences on the position of the Mollusca within the Lophotrochozoa. (Doctoral Dissertation). Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Retrieved from http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2010/2180/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Meyer, Achim. “Molecular phylogenetic inferences on the position of the Mollusca within the Lophotrochozoa.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2010/2180/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Meyer, Achim. “Molecular phylogenetic inferences on the position of the Mollusca within the Lophotrochozoa.” 2009. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Meyer A. Molecular phylogenetic inferences on the position of the Mollusca within the Lophotrochozoa. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2009. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2010/2180/.

Council of Science Editors:

Meyer A. Molecular phylogenetic inferences on the position of the Mollusca within the Lophotrochozoa. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2009. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2010/2180/

University of Oxford

13. Mortimer, Elizabeth R. Sonic properties of silks.

Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Oxford

URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:687a0e08-41e3-4e6d-85c0-b7ddf12762f1 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.640089

► Silks are biomaterials made by spiders and silkworms, evolved for natural functions ranging from protection to predation. The research presented in this Thesis combines principles… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: 677; Zoological sciences; Materials Sciences; Biophysics; Advanced materials; Solid mechanics; silk; web; biomechanics; vibration

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mortimer, E. R. (2014). Sonic properties of silks. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:687a0e08-41e3-4e6d-85c0-b7ddf12762f1 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.640089

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mortimer, Elizabeth R. “Sonic properties of silks.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:687a0e08-41e3-4e6d-85c0-b7ddf12762f1 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.640089.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mortimer, Elizabeth R. “Sonic properties of silks.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Mortimer ER. Sonic properties of silks. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:687a0e08-41e3-4e6d-85c0-b7ddf12762f1 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.640089.

Council of Science Editors:

Mortimer ER. Sonic properties of silks. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2014. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:687a0e08-41e3-4e6d-85c0-b7ddf12762f1 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.640089

ETH Zürich

14. Tudeau, Laetitia. Optogenetic analyses of inhibitory neurotransmission in the mouse spinal dorsal horn.

Degree: 2017, ETH Zürich

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/176837

► In all higher organisms, the experience of pain is associated with an unpleasant feeling. Nevertheless, our ability to perceive pain warns us of harmful threats… (more)

▼ In all higher organisms, the experience of pain is associated with an unpleasant feeling. Nevertheless, our ability to perceive pain warns us of harmful threats that originate either from the inside of our body or from the environment. Perceiving pain relies on a well-functioning nociceptive system, which starts with nociceptive fibers conveying noxious inputs from the periphery to the first relay platform in the central nervous system (CNS), namely the spinal dorsal horn. At this site, inputs are modulated and filtered by a network of excitatory and inhibitory interneurons. The final output is relayed via projection neurons to higher cortical areas in the brain where pain becomes a conscious experience. However, in some cases nociception becomes dysfunctional and eventually leads to persistent and chronic pain. Underlying symptoms of chronic pain are allodynia, where innocuous stimuli such as light-touch become painful and hyperalgesia defined as an enhanced sensitivity to noxious stimuli. Studies have shown that reduced GABAergic or glycinergic neurotransmission in the dorsal horn leads to increased nociceptive signaling to the brain. This indicates that a functional inhibitory network in the dorsal horn is important for avoiding uncontrolled transmission of nociceptive stimuli to higher levels of the central nervous system. Several studies in rodent models of neuropathic or inflammatory pain have demonstrated that GABAA receptors containing the α2 subunit (α2-GABAA receptors) in addition to certain glycine receptors play a key role in the inhibitory control of nociceptive signaling at the spinal cord level. In the three experimental studies of this thesis, I used optogenetics and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings to provide a detailed analysis of inhibitory neurotransmission in the spinal dorsal horn of mice. In the first chapter, I focused on a genetic mouse model of diminished GABAergic inhibition at the spinal cord level. The mice used in this study were hoxb8α2-/- mice which lack α2-GABAA receptors in the spinal cord up to the cervical segment C4. Although these mice lacked a GABAA receptor subtype (α2-GABAA receptors) that is critically involved in spinal nociceptive control and although GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (GABA-IPSCs) recorded from excitatory superficial dorsal horn neurons were reduced, these mice did not show exaggerated pain responses indicating that some compensatory mechanisms were active in these mice. Several potential compensatory mechanisms were investigated. No significant differences were found for the decay kinetics of GABA-IPSCs. No changes were found in the amplitude of glycinergic IPSCs or of membrane currents evoked by extracellular application of GABA. I also did not find significant changes in the amplitudes of sensory afferent evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), which are known to be under control by presynaptic GABAA receptors. By contrast, I found increased bicuculline-sensitive (GABAergic) tonic membrane currents in hoxb8α2-/- mice. Furthermore, in… Advisors/Committee Members: Zeilhofer, Hanns U., Wolfer, David P., Müller, Martin.

Subjects/Keywords: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/590; info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/610; Zoological sciences; Medical sciences, medicine

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tudeau, L. (2017). Optogenetic analyses of inhibitory neurotransmission in the mouse spinal dorsal horn. (Doctoral Dissertation). ETH Zürich. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/176837

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tudeau, Laetitia. “Optogenetic analyses of inhibitory neurotransmission in the mouse spinal dorsal horn.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, ETH Zürich. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/176837.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tudeau, Laetitia. “Optogenetic analyses of inhibitory neurotransmission in the mouse spinal dorsal horn.” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Tudeau L. Optogenetic analyses of inhibitory neurotransmission in the mouse spinal dorsal horn. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. ETH Zürich; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/176837.

Council of Science Editors:

Tudeau L. Optogenetic analyses of inhibitory neurotransmission in the mouse spinal dorsal horn. [Doctoral Dissertation]. ETH Zürich; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/176837

Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

15. Kiefer, Andreas. Phylogeny of Western Palaearctic long-eared bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Plecotus) - a molecular perspective.

Degree: 2008, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

URL: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2008/1683/

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Die Phylogenie der Westpaläarktischen Langohren (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Plecotus) – eine molekulare Analyse Die Langohren stellen eine Fledermausgattung dar, die fast alle westpaläarktischen Habitate bist zum… (more)

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Die Phylogenie der Westpaläarktischen Langohren (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Plecotus) – eine molekulare Analyse Die Langohren stellen eine Fledermausgattung dar, die fast alle westpaläarktischen Habitate bist zum Polarkreis hin besiedeln und in vielerlei Hinsicht rätselhaft sind. In der Vergangenheit wurden zahlreiche Formen und Varietäten beschrieben. Trotzdem galt für lange Zeit, dass nur zwei Arten in Europa anerkannt wurden. Weitere Arten waren aus Nordafrika, den Kanaren und Asien bekannt, aber auch deren Artstatus wurde vielfach in Frage gestellt. In der vorliegenden Dissertation habe ich mittels molekularer Daten,der partiellen Sequenzierung mitochondrialer Gene (16S rRNA und ND1), sowie der mitochondrialen Kontrollregion, eine molekular Analyse der phylogenetischen Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse innerhalb und zwischen den Linien der westpaläarktischen Langohren durchgeführt. Die besten Substitutionsmodelle wurden berechnet und phylogenetische Bäume mit Hilfe vier verschiedener Methoden konstruiert: dem neighbor joining Verfahren (NJ), dem maximum likelihood Verfahren (ML), dem maximum parsimony Verfahren (MP) und dem Bayesian Verfahren. Sechs Linien der Langohren sind genetisch auf einem Artniveau differenziert: Plecotus auritus, P. austriacus, P. balensis, P. christii, P. sardus, und P. macrobullaris. Im Falle der Arten P. teneriffae, P. kolombatovici und P. begognae ist die alleinige Interpretation der genetischen Daten einzelner mitochondrialer Gene für eine Festlegung des taxonomischen Ranges nicht ausreichend. Ich beschreibe in dieser Dissertation drei neue Taxa: Plecotus sardus, P. kolombatovici gaisleri (=Plecotus teneriffae gaisleri, Benda et al. 2004) and P. macrobullaris alpinus [=Plecotus alpinus, Kiefer & Veith 2002). Morphologische Kennzeichen, insbesondere für die Erkennung im Feld, werden hier dargestellt. Drei der sieben Arten sind polytypisch: P. auritus (eine west- und ein osteuropäische Linie, eine sardische Linie und eine aktuell entdeckte kaukasische Linie, Plecotus kolombatovici (P. k. kolombatovici, P. k. gaisleri und P. k. ssp.) und P. macrobullaris (P. m. macrobullaris und P. m. alpinus). Die Verbreitungsgebiete der meisten Arten werden in dieser Arbeit erstmals ausschließlich anhand genetisch zugeordneter Tiere dargestellt.Die Untersuchung der ökologischen Einnischung der nun anerkannten Formen, insbesondere in Gebieten sympatrischer Verbreitung, bietet ein spannendes und lohnendes Feld für zukünftige Forschungen. Nicht zuletzt muss sich die Entdeckung eines beachtlichen Anteils kryptischer Diversität innerhalb der westpaläarktischen Langohren auch bei der Entwicklung spezieller Artenschutzkonzepte widerspiegeln.

Phylogeny of Western Palearctic long-eared bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Plecotus) – a molecular perspective Long-eared bats are an enigmatic group of bats that inhabit most parts of Europe up to the polar circle. Numerous taxa have been described in the past, but for a long time only two species were regarded valid. Further species were known from Northern Africa, the Canary…

Subjects/Keywords: Fledermäuse, Langohren, Artbeschreibung, kryptische Arten, molekulare Systematik; bats, cryptic species, taxonomy, species description; Zoological sciences

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kiefer, A. (2008). Phylogeny of Western Palaearctic long-eared bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Plecotus) - a molecular perspective. (Doctoral Dissertation). Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Retrieved from http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2008/1683/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kiefer, Andreas. “Phylogeny of Western Palaearctic long-eared bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Plecotus) - a molecular perspective.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2008/1683/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kiefer, Andreas. “Phylogeny of Western Palaearctic long-eared bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Plecotus) - a molecular perspective.” 2008. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kiefer A. Phylogeny of Western Palaearctic long-eared bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Plecotus) - a molecular perspective. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2008. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2008/1683/.

Council of Science Editors:

Kiefer A. Phylogeny of Western Palaearctic long-eared bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Plecotus) - a molecular perspective. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2008. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2008/1683/

Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

16. Töpfer, Till. Vergleichende Phylogenie der Gimpel (Aves: Fringillidae: Pyrrhula Brisson, 1760).

Degree: 2008, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

URL: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2009/1869/

► Mit dieser Arbeit wird am Beispiel der Gimpel der Gattung Pyrrhula (Aves: Fringillidae) eine vergleichende phylogenetische Methodik angewandt. Der dafür gewählte Untersuchungsansatz beinhaltet v.a. molekulargenetische… (more)

▼ Mit dieser Arbeit wird am Beispiel der Gimpel der Gattung Pyrrhula (Aves: Fringillidae) eine vergleichende phylogenetische Methodik angewandt. Der dafür gewählte Untersuchungsansatz beinhaltet v.a. molekulargenetische und morphologische Methoden, deren Ergebnisse vor dem biogeographischen Hintergrund der Gattung analysiert werden. Diese Arbeit bestätigt die traditionelle Abgrenzung der Gimpel gegenüber den anderen Formen der Finkenfamilie. Die Gattung stellt eine monophyletische Gruppe dar und ist sowohl anhand molekulargenetischer als auch morphologischer Merkmale hervorragend umgrenzbar. Eine Vereinigung mit der Schwestergattung Pinicola ist demgegenüber nicht gerechtfertigt. Die mit klassischen Untersuchungsverfahren bestimmten Gruppierungen der Gattung lassen sich auch mit modernen Methoden bestätigen. Pyrrhula besteht aus drei Hauptverwandtschaftsgruppen: „Südostasiatische Gimpel“ (P. nipalensis und P. leucogenis), „Himalayagimpel“ (P. aurantiaca, P. erythaca, P. erythrocephala) und „Eurasische Gimpel“ (P. pyrrhula s.l.). Innerhalb von P. pyrrhula s.l. lassen sich drei genetisch und morphologisch unterschiedlich differenzierte Untergruppierungen mit eigenständige Merkmalskombinationen ausmachen: P. (p.) murina, P. (p.) cineracea und P. (p.) griseiventris. Das Entstehungszentrum von Pyrrhula befand sich vermutlich im südöstlichen Asien. Anhand der molekulargenetischen und biogeographischen Daten lassen sich ungefähre Ausbreitungs- und Diversifizierungsprozesse datieren. Vom Entstehungszentrum ging eine präpleistozäne Ausbreitungswelle aus, die die Aufspaltung der Stammlinienvertreter der Südostasiatischen Gimpel und später die der Himalayagimpel-Stammlinie zur Folge hatten. Etwa zeitgleich begann die Ausbreitung der Vorfahren der Eurasischen Gimpel bis ins westliche Südeuropa. Im frühen Pleistozän spalteten sich die Vorläufer des rezenten P. aurantica ab, gefolgt von der Trennung der südostasiatischen Stammlinie in die Vorfahren von P. nipalensis und P. leucogenis. Daraufhin folgten rasche spätpleistozäne Ausbreitungen und Diversifizierungen, die das Überdauern von Gimpeln in südostchinesischen bzw. mediterranen Glazialrefugien nahelegen. Dabei trennten sich die Stammlinien von P. erythrocephala und P. erythaca ungefähr gleichzeitig mit jenen der Stammlinien von P. pyrrhula s.str., P. (p.) murina und P. (p.) griseiventris. Die P. (p.) cineracea-Stammlinie folgte wiederum etwas später. Die Vorläufer der heutigen P. pyrrhula s.str. nahmen im späten Pleistozän mehrfach ostwärts gerichtete Ausbreitungen vor, während derer sie sich über weite Teile Eurasiens bis nach Kamtschatka verbreiteten. Die morphologischen Differenzierungen der einzelnen Formen wurden wahrscheinlich stark durch die geographischen Verhältnisse beeinflusst. Neben Isolationseffekten auf Inseln (murina) spielten vermutlich auch pleistozäne Refugialgebiete der Mandschurei und Japans für die Entstehung der heutigen griseiventris und das nordmongolische Refugium für cineracea eine große Rolle. Der gefiedermorphologische Geschlechtsmonomorphismus…

Subjects/Keywords: Phylogenie, Gimpel, Pyrrhula, Molekulargenetik, Morphologie, Biogeographie; phylogeny, bullfinches, Pyrrhula, molecular genetics, morphology, biogeography; Zoological sciences

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Töpfer, T. (2008). Vergleichende Phylogenie der Gimpel (Aves: Fringillidae: Pyrrhula Brisson, 1760). (Doctoral Dissertation). Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Retrieved from http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2009/1869/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Töpfer, Till. “Vergleichende Phylogenie der Gimpel (Aves: Fringillidae: Pyrrhula Brisson, 1760).” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2009/1869/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Töpfer, Till. “Vergleichende Phylogenie der Gimpel (Aves: Fringillidae: Pyrrhula Brisson, 1760).” 2008. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Töpfer T. Vergleichende Phylogenie der Gimpel (Aves: Fringillidae: Pyrrhula Brisson, 1760). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2008. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2009/1869/.

Council of Science Editors:

Töpfer T. Vergleichende Phylogenie der Gimpel (Aves: Fringillidae: Pyrrhula Brisson, 1760). [Doctoral Dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2008. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2009/1869/

Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

17. Guhmann, Patrick. Flut und Hitze: Auswirkungen extremer Klimaereignisse auf die epigäische Arthropodenfauna (Araneae – Spinnen) ufernaher Lebensräume (Auen, Polder) des Inselrheins bei Mainz.

Degree: 2009, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

URL: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2010/2276/

►

Die vorliegende Arbeit ist ein Teil des Projektes Flut und Hitze des Kompetenzzentrums Überflutung an der Universität Mainz. Die Ziele dieser Untersuchung waren: Die Artzusammensetzung… (more)

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Die vorliegende Arbeit ist ein Teil des Projektes Flut und Hitze des Kompetenzzentrums Überflutung an der Universität Mainz. Die Ziele dieser Untersuchung waren: Die Artzusammensetzung und Phänologien der Spinnengemeinschaften von Uferhabitaten bei Mainz (Rheinland-Pfalz, Deutschland) zu ermitteln, anhand des Artenspektrums die Folgen langjähriger Trockenheit und die Auswirkungen des Extremsommers 2003 zu beschreiben, Einflüsse von Überflutungen festzustellen und die Submersionstoleranzen ausgewählter Arten zu bestimmen. Insgesamt wurden 27783 Spinnen aus 179 Arten und 24 Familien bearbeitet. Die Untersuchung umfasste einen Hartholzauwald bei Ingelheim am Rhein, den Hochwasserschutzpolder Ingelheim, sowie Tiermaterial von vier weiteren Uferstandorten und drei Inselstandorten des Rheins bei Mainz. Die Beprobung der Hartholzaue mit Barberfallen und Stammeklektoren erfolgte von Mai 2005 bis Mai 2008. Im Polder wurden von Oktober 2006 bis Mai 2008 mit Barberfallen und einem Vakuumsauger gefangen. Die Proben der weiteren Standorte stammten aus Barberfallenfängen der Jahre 2000 bis einschließlich 2005. In der seit Winter 2002/2003 nicht mehr überfluteten und im Sommer stark austrocknenden Hartholzaue wurde eine als xerotolerant zu bezeichnende Spinnenfauna vorgefunden. Dies galt insbesondere für die sehr artenreiche Stammregion. Zu den dominierenden Spezies zählten: Diplostyla concolor (Boden), Clubiona pallidula und Textrix denticulata (beide Stamm). Der Polder Ingelheim wurde überwiegend von euryöken Freilandbewohnern besiedelt, dominant kamen Oedothorax apicatus und Pardosa agrestis vor. Das Tiermaterial der Ufer- und Inselstandorte wies deutliche Unterschiede in der Artenzusammensetzung im Bezug auf die Flutungsintensität auf. Nach dem Ausbleiben von Hochwässern und dem starken Austrocknen der Standorte im Sommer 2003 wurden hygrobionte Arten wie Allomengea vidua kaum mehr vorgefunden, während sich xerotolerante Spezies ausbreiteten. Darüber hinaus wurden die Submersionstoleranzen ausgewählter Spinnenarten im Labor ermittelt. Die gewonnenen Daten lassen Vermuten, dass die getesteten Spinnenspezies durchaus in der Lage sind, bei niedrigen Wassertemperaturen eine kurze Flut submers zu überstehen. Unter hohen Temperaturen besteht dagegen keine Submersionstoleranz.

This study is a part of the project Flood and Heat at the Competence Centre Flooding at the University of Mainz. The objectives of this study were: the detection of the species composition and phenology of spider communities in riparian habitats near Mainz (Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany), the description of the consequences of long-year drought and the extreme summer of 2003 and to detect the effect of flooding on spiders and to test the submersion tolerance of selected spider species. Therefore a total of 27783 spiders out of 179 species and 24 families were determined. This study included a hardwood floodplain near Ingelheim am Rhein, the polder Ingelheim, and collections of four riparian and three isle sites of the River Rhine near Mainz. In the floodplain…

Subjects/Keywords: Spinnen, Flut, Auwald, Polder, Submersionstoleranz; Spiders, Flood, Floodplain, Polder, Submersion tolerance; Zoological sciences

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Guhmann, P. (2009). Flut und Hitze: Auswirkungen extremer Klimaereignisse auf die epigäische Arthropodenfauna (Araneae – Spinnen) ufernaher Lebensräume (Auen, Polder) des Inselrheins bei Mainz. (Doctoral Dissertation). Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Retrieved from http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2010/2276/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Guhmann, Patrick. “Flut und Hitze: Auswirkungen extremer Klimaereignisse auf die epigäische Arthropodenfauna (Araneae – Spinnen) ufernaher Lebensräume (Auen, Polder) des Inselrheins bei Mainz.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2010/2276/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Guhmann, Patrick. “Flut und Hitze: Auswirkungen extremer Klimaereignisse auf die epigäische Arthropodenfauna (Araneae – Spinnen) ufernaher Lebensräume (Auen, Polder) des Inselrheins bei Mainz.” 2009. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Guhmann P. Flut und Hitze: Auswirkungen extremer Klimaereignisse auf die epigäische Arthropodenfauna (Araneae – Spinnen) ufernaher Lebensräume (Auen, Polder) des Inselrheins bei Mainz. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2009. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2010/2276/.

Council of Science Editors:

Guhmann P. Flut und Hitze: Auswirkungen extremer Klimaereignisse auf die epigäische Arthropodenfauna (Araneae – Spinnen) ufernaher Lebensräume (Auen, Polder) des Inselrheins bei Mainz. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2009. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2010/2276/

Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

18. Pamminger, Tobias. Aggression and its function as a hub mediating host defense against the slavemaking ant Protomognathus americanus.

Degree: 2012, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

URL: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2013/3320/

►

In meiner Dissertation beschäftigte ich mich mit unterschiedlichen Verteidungsstrategien, derenrnEffektivität und Evolution, der Ameisenart Temnothorax longispinosus (“Sklaven”), gegenüberrneinem sozialen Parasiten - der nahverwandten, sklavenhaltenden Art… (more)

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In meiner Dissertation beschäftigte ich mich mit unterschiedlichen Verteidungsstrategien, derenrnEffektivität und Evolution, der Ameisenart Temnothorax longispinosus (“Sklaven”), gegenüberrneinem sozialen Parasiten - der nahverwandten, sklavenhaltenden Art Protomognathusrnamericanus (“Sklavenhalter”). Wir entdeckten eine neue Kategorie der Verteidigungsstrategie,rnwelche es dem Wirten ermöglicht, flexibel auf die nicht vorhersagbaren Angriffe des Parasitenrnzu reagieren. Darüber hinaus erforschten wir, wie die Wirte ihre kollektive Verteidigung an einernVielzahl unterschiedlicher Angreifer anpassen können. Wir konnten feststellen, dass Wirte in derrnLage sind ihre kollektive Verteidigung dem Grad der Bedrohung anzupassen. Dies weist daraufrnhin, dass Selektion die Verteidigung gegen unterschiedliche Typen von Angreifern voneinanderrnunabhängig beeinflussen könnte. In einer dritten Studie belegten wir experimentell, dass diernParasiten die Evolution der Kolonieaggressivität der Wirtsart direkt beeinflussen. Die letztenrnbeiden Publikationen beschäftigten sich mit Sklavenrebellion, einer rätselhaftenrnVerteidigungsstrategie, da noch unklar ist, wie eine Eigenschaft von nicht reproduzierendenrnIndividuen vererbt werden kann. In einer Metaanalyse konnten wir die weite Verbreitung undrnhohe Variabilität dieser Eigenschaft dokumentieren, und fanden Hinweise, dassrnVerwandtenselektion eine mögliche Erklärung für die Evolution dieses Merkmals darstellenrnkönnte.

In my doctoral thesis I investigated host defense strategies against the social parasiternProtomognathus americanus (“slavemaker”). I focused on the effectiveness and evolution ofrndefense behaviors in the ant host species Temnothorax longispinosus (“slave”). We discovered arnnovel inducible defense strategy, enabling host colonies to react flexible to the unpredictablernthreat of a parasite attack. In addition, we studied how host colonies modulate their collectiverndefense against a variety of opponents. We documented strong qualitative and quantitativernvariation in host responses, fine-tuned to the potential threat of the opponent. These findingsrnindicate that selection can shape defense traits of host colonies against different threatsrnindependently. In a third study we demonstrate that parasites can directly alter the evolutionaryrntrajectory of host colony aggression (defense), documenting the strong impact of the parasite onrncolony defense in its host. In the last two publications we examine an unusual defense traitrn“slave rebellion” and try to answer the question how a trait can evolve, if the individual carryingrnit does not reproduce. In a meta-analysis we document the wide distribution and strong variationrnin expression in different populations, and provide empirical evidence for kin selection being therndriving force in the evolution and maintenance of this defense trait.

Subjects/Keywords: Verhalten, soziale Insekten, Parasiten, Wirtsverteidigung, Coevolution; Behaviour, social insects, parasites, host defense, coevolution; Zoological sciences

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Pamminger, T. (2012). Aggression and its function as a hub mediating host defense against the slavemaking ant Protomognathus americanus. (Doctoral Dissertation). Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Retrieved from http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2013/3320/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pamminger, Tobias. “Aggression and its function as a hub mediating host defense against the slavemaking ant Protomognathus americanus.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2013/3320/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pamminger, Tobias. “Aggression and its function as a hub mediating host defense against the slavemaking ant Protomognathus americanus.” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Pamminger T. Aggression and its function as a hub mediating host defense against the slavemaking ant Protomognathus americanus. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2013/3320/.

Council of Science Editors:

Pamminger T. Aggression and its function as a hub mediating host defense against the slavemaking ant Protomognathus americanus. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2012. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2013/3320/

University of Oxford

19. Leggett, Helen Catherine. Developments in social evolution and virulence in parasites.

Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Oxford

URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e69b69ae-440a-4d32-8947-efb4a0c55930 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596029

► The study of social evolution and virulence in parasites is concerned with fitness consequences of trade-offs between parasite life history traits and interactions between parasite… (more)

▼ The study of social evolution and virulence in parasites is concerned with fitness consequences of trade-offs between parasite life history traits and interactions between parasite species and/or genotypes with their hosts. I develop our understanding of social evolution and virulence in parasites in several ways. (1) I review empirical evidence for the fundamental predictions of virulence-transmission trade-off theory and demonstrate that the fit between theory and data is primarily qualitative rather than quantitative; that parasites differ in their degree of host generalism, and this is likely to impact virulence in four ways. (2) I take a comparative approach to examine the underlying causes of an observed statistical variation in the size of parasite infectious doses across taxa, revealing that mechanisms used by parasites to infect hosts are able to explain variation in both infectious dose and virulence. (3) I formally compare data on human pathogens to explain variation in virulence across taxa, revealing that immune subversion and not growth rate, explains variation in virulence. This allows me to predict that immune subverters and not fast growing parasites are likely to cause the most virulent clinical infections. (4) Using bacteria and their naturally infecting viruses (bacteriophage), I take an experimental approach to investigate the consequences of coinfection for parasite life history traits, and find that viruses cultured under a mix of single infections and coinfections evolved plasticity; they killed hosts more rapidly when coinfecting, and this resulted in high fitness under both single infection and coinfection conditions. (5) I experimentally investigate how selection within and between hosts and patches of hosts affects the fitness and virulence of populations of these viruses. I find that limited host availability favours virulent, faster killing parasites with reduced transmission; suggesting high, rather than low, virulence may be common in spatially structured host-parasite communities.

Subjects/Keywords: 578.6; Biology; Evolution (zoology); Disease (zoology); Zoological sciences; parasites; bacteria; phage; virulence; evolution; social behaviour

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Leggett, H. C. (2014). Developments in social evolution and virulence in parasites. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e69b69ae-440a-4d32-8947-efb4a0c55930 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596029

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Leggett, Helen Catherine. “Developments in social evolution and virulence in parasites.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e69b69ae-440a-4d32-8947-efb4a0c55930 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596029.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Leggett, Helen Catherine. “Developments in social evolution and virulence in parasites.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Leggett HC. Developments in social evolution and virulence in parasites. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e69b69ae-440a-4d32-8947-efb4a0c55930 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596029.

Council of Science Editors:

Leggett HC. Developments in social evolution and virulence in parasites. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2014. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e69b69ae-440a-4d32-8947-efb4a0c55930 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596029

University of Oxford

20. Smith, Amy Elisabeth. The centriole in evolution : from motility to mitosis.

Degree: PhD, 2013, University of Oxford

URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f48e77ea-fbf9-4ac6-b86e-854f6739a5aa ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658393

► Centrioles and basal bodies with their characteristic 9+2 structure are found in all major eukaryotic lineages. The correlation between the occurrence of centrioles and the… (more)

▼ Centrioles and basal bodies with their characteristic 9+2 structure are found in all major eukaryotic lineages. The correlation between the occurrence of centrioles and the presence of cilia/flagella, but not centrosome-like structures, suggests that the ciliogenesis function of centrioles is ancestral. Here, it is demonstrated that the centriole domain of centrosomes emerged within the Metazoa from an ancestral state of possessing a centriole with basal body function but no functional association with a centrosome. Centrosome structures involving a centriole are metazoan innovations. When an axoneme is still present but no longer fully functional, such as the sensory cilia of Caenorhabditis elegans or, as depicted here, the flagellum of the intracellular amastigote stage of the Leishmania mexicana parasite, the basal body structure is less constrained and can depart from the canonical structure. A general view has emerged that classifies axonemes into canonical motile 9+2 and noncanonical, sensory 9+0 structures. This study reveals this view to be overly simplistic, and additional axonemal architectures associated with potential sensory structures should be incorporated into prevailing models. Here, a striking similarity between the axoneme structure of Leishmania amastigotes and vertebrate primary cilia is revealed. This striking conservation of ciliary structure, despite the evolutionary distance between Leishmania and mammalian cells, suggests a sensory function for the amastigote flagellum. Adding weight to a sensory hypothesis, close examination of Leishmania positioning inside the parasitophorous vacuole revealed frequent contact between the flagellum tip and the vacuole membrane. A sensory function could also explain the retention of a flagellum in Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes, an intracellular stage that, as shown in this study, emerged independently to the Leishmania amastigote. Basal body appendages, such as pro-basal bodies and microtubule rootlets, also vary widely in their structure. Choanoflagellates, a sister group to the Metazoa, posses an extensive microtubule rootlet system that provides support for their characteristic collar tentacles. This atypical structure is reflected in the underlying molecular components of the choanoflagellate basal body. The importance of choanoflagellates as the closest known relative of metazoans was first revealed by their similarity to choanocytes, the feeding cells of sponges. Although phylogenetic analyses leave little doubt that choanoflagellates are a sister group of animals, comparisons of molecular and structural components of appendages associated with the collar tentacles highlight significant differences and questions the extent to which the collar structures of choanoflagellates and choanocytes can be assumed to be homologous. Finally, the confinement of a centriole-based centrosome to the Metazoa provides little support for the flagellar synthesis constraint as an explanation for the origin of multicellularity. There is, indeed, an apparent…

Subjects/Keywords: 571.8; Zoological sciences; Evolution (zoology); Centriole; basal body; flagella; centrosome; evolution; Leishmania; amastigote; axoneme

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Smith, A. E. (2013). The centriole in evolution : from motility to mitosis. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f48e77ea-fbf9-4ac6-b86e-854f6739a5aa ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658393

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Smith, Amy Elisabeth. “The centriole in evolution : from motility to mitosis.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f48e77ea-fbf9-4ac6-b86e-854f6739a5aa ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658393.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Smith, Amy Elisabeth. “The centriole in evolution : from motility to mitosis.” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Smith AE. The centriole in evolution : from motility to mitosis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f48e77ea-fbf9-4ac6-b86e-854f6739a5aa ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658393.

Council of Science Editors:

Smith AE. The centriole in evolution : from motility to mitosis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2013. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f48e77ea-fbf9-4ac6-b86e-854f6739a5aa ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658393

University of Oxford

21. Wyres, Kelly L. Genome evolution in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Degree: PhD, 2012, University of Oxford

URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:985b1fc6-c1a9-41b3-a20a-1735329d962b ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572592

► Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a bacterial pathogen responsible for >1.6 million annual deaths globally. Pneumococcal penicillin-resistance is conferred by acquisition of ‘altered’ penicillin-binding protein… (more)

▼ Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a bacterial pathogen responsible for >1.6 million annual deaths globally. Pneumococcal penicillin-resistance is conferred by acquisition of ‘altered’ penicillin-binding protein (pbp) genes. The first penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococci were identified in the late 1960s. Global pneumococcal penicillin-nonsusceptibility rates rapidly increased in the 1980s/90s. Since 2000, protein-conjugate vaccines, targeting 7, 10 or 13 of the ≥94 different pneumococcal capsule types (serotypes), have been introduced in many countries. Following vaccine implementation there has been a decline in vaccine-type pneumococcal disease and an increase in non-vaccine-type disease. These epidemiological changes result from “serotype replacement” and/or “serotype switching”. The former describes the expansion of non-vaccine-type clones in the absence of vaccine-type pneumococci. The latter describes serotype change following recombination at the capsule polysaccharide synthesis (cps) locus. To fully understand how pneumococci respond to vaccine- and antibiotic-induced selective pressures, we must better understand the evolutionary history of this pathogen. This thesis describes the study of a global collection of 426 pneumococci, dated 1937 - 2007. Serotype, genotype and penicillin-susceptibility data were collected. Nucleotide sequences of three pbp genes (for 389 isolates) and whole-genome sequences (for 96 isolates) were also generated. The data demonstrated the long-term persistence of certain clones within pneumococcal populations, and that pbp and large-fragment (>30 kb) cps ± pbp recombination was occurring prior to both widespread antibiotic use and vaccine implementation. The data highlighted the promiscuous nature of the globally-distributed PMEN1 clone and its contribution to the spread of pneumococcal penicillin-resistance. PMEN1 also donated multiple, large regions (1.7 - 32.3 kb) of its genome to at least two un-related clones. Finally, six “Tn916-like” genetic elements, conferring resistance to non-penicillin antibiotics, were newly identified. These included two of the oldest ever described. These results provided a unique insight into the history of pneumococcal evolution and the importance of genetic recombination.

Subjects/Keywords: 616.9298; Zoological sciences; Disease (zoology); Evolution (zoology); Streptococcus pneumoniae; evolution; penicillin; resistance; recombination; genome

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wyres, K. L. (2012). Genome evolution in Streptococcus pneumoniae. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:985b1fc6-c1a9-41b3-a20a-1735329d962b ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572592

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wyres, Kelly L. “Genome evolution in Streptococcus pneumoniae.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:985b1fc6-c1a9-41b3-a20a-1735329d962b ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572592.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wyres, Kelly L. “Genome evolution in Streptococcus pneumoniae.” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Wyres KL. Genome evolution in Streptococcus pneumoniae. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:985b1fc6-c1a9-41b3-a20a-1735329d962b ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572592.

Council of Science Editors:

Wyres KL. Genome evolution in Streptococcus pneumoniae. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2012. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:985b1fc6-c1a9-41b3-a20a-1735329d962b ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572592

University of Oxford

22. Braczkowski, Aleksander Ryszard. The susceptibility of leopards Panthera pardus to trophy hunting : the trophy hunting of leopards.

Degree: PhD, 2013, University of Oxford

URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:801c0746-1b25-4c84-9ce8-bfeaf6c014d3 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627782

► The trophy hunting of African leopards Panthera pardus pardus may generate revenue to help foster their conservation. However, leopards are sensitive to hunting and populations… (more)

▼ The trophy hunting of African leopards Panthera pardus pardus may generate revenue to help foster their conservation. However, leopards are sensitive to hunting and populations decline if overharvested. The practice therefore requires careful management grounded in robust estimates of population density/status. Camera-trap surveys are commonly used to establish leopard numbers, and may guide harvest quotas. However, such surveys are limited over wide spatial scales and many African governments lack resources to implement them. In this thesis I explore the potential use of a harvest composition scheme applied to puma Puma concolor in North America, to monitor leopards. The method hinges on the susceptibility of different leopard cohorts to hunting and if this varies, then predictions can be made about harvest composition. Susceptibility is likely to be governed by space use, encounter rates with bait lures (a common method used to attract leopards to hunting hides) and hunter selectivity. Thus in this thesis I explore leopard susceptibility to these factors using a protected leopard population in northern Zululand, South Africa. In my first chapter I examine using scent lures in camera-trapping. Against a backdrop of a passive survey I show adult males, females and sub-adults are captured at similar rates compared to a passive survey using lures. The use of lures does not appear to violate closure assumptions or affect spatio-temporal patterning, but their use appears limited as density estimate precision is not improved. My second chapter examines ecological (likelihood of encountering a hunter) and anthropogenic (attractiveness to hunters) susceptibility of leopards to trophy hunting. I show that adult males are the most susceptible cohort to hunting (sub-adults least susceptible). I then take the incident rates from ecological and anthropogenic models and create a theoretical harvest composition using population parameters of protected leopards. My third data chapter departs from hunting susceptibility and examines determinants of leopard trophy package price across Africa. I show that factors such as trophy quality, outfitter leopard hunting reputation and hunt success have little impact on price determination. Instead, overall outfitter reputation and the number of charismatic species in a package are positively correlated with price. These results have important consequences on several sustainable leopard hunting schemes proposed in the literature.

Subjects/Keywords: 333.95; Biodiversity; Ecology (zoology); Zoological sciences; trophy hunting; leopard; conservation; camera-trapping; economics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Braczkowski, A. R. (2013). The susceptibility of leopards Panthera pardus to trophy hunting : the trophy hunting of leopards. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:801c0746-1b25-4c84-9ce8-bfeaf6c014d3 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627782

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Braczkowski, Aleksander Ryszard. “The susceptibility of leopards Panthera pardus to trophy hunting : the trophy hunting of leopards.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:801c0746-1b25-4c84-9ce8-bfeaf6c014d3 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627782.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Braczkowski, Aleksander Ryszard. “The susceptibility of leopards Panthera pardus to trophy hunting : the trophy hunting of leopards.” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Braczkowski AR. The susceptibility of leopards Panthera pardus to trophy hunting : the trophy hunting of leopards. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:801c0746-1b25-4c84-9ce8-bfeaf6c014d3 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627782.

Council of Science Editors:

Braczkowski AR. The susceptibility of leopards Panthera pardus to trophy hunting : the trophy hunting of leopards. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2013. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:801c0746-1b25-4c84-9ce8-bfeaf6c014d3 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627782

University of Oxford

23. Wright, Alison Elizabeth. Mating system, sex-specific selection and the evolution of the avian sex chromosomes.

Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Oxford

URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:89079fac-7196-4c15-ac0e-ceae0c4b0264 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.666997

► Sex chromosomes experience distinct evolutionary environments, due to their unusual pattern of inheritance, and studies of sex chromosome evolution can shed light on the fundamental… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: 572.8; Bioinformatics (life sciences); Biology; Genetics (life sciences); Zoological sciences; Evolution (zoology); Life Sciences; Genomics; Sex chromosomes; Evolution

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wright, A. E. (2014). Mating system, sex-specific selection and the evolution of the avian sex chromosomes. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:89079fac-7196-4c15-ac0e-ceae0c4b0264 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.666997

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wright, Alison Elizabeth. “Mating system, sex-specific selection and the evolution of the avian sex chromosomes.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:89079fac-7196-4c15-ac0e-ceae0c4b0264 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.666997.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wright, Alison Elizabeth. “Mating system, sex-specific selection and the evolution of the avian sex chromosomes.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Wright AE. Mating system, sex-specific selection and the evolution of the avian sex chromosomes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:89079fac-7196-4c15-ac0e-ceae0c4b0264 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.666997.

Council of Science Editors:

Wright AE. Mating system, sex-specific selection and the evolution of the avian sex chromosomes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2014. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:89079fac-7196-4c15-ac0e-ceae0c4b0264 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.666997

Drexel University

24. Marano, Raffaela. Occurrence of intersex in fishes from the Delaware and Susquehanna River basins: A temporal and interspecific comparison.

Degree: 2017, Drexel University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7549

►

Endocrine disruption is an issue of emerging concern in aquatic systems. Endocrine disruption has been documented to result in decreased reproductive success, skewed sex ratios,… (more)

▼

Endocrine disruption is an issue of emerging concern in aquatic systems. Endocrine disruption has been documented to result in decreased reproductive success, skewed sex ratios, increased vitellogenin levels, intersex, disease, and death in a variety of freshwater fish species. In this study, intersex or the presence of testicular oocytes in gonochoristic fish species was utilized as an indicator of endocrine disruption. The study design is based on both a temporal and interspecific comparison of intersex occurrence through the use of paired historical and modern fish samples. The historical samples were obtained from the ichthyology collection at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University and replicate samples were collected in July and August of 2016. Historical samples from the Delaware sites include the oldest available specimens (from as early as 1898). The Susquehanna specimens spanned a longer time gradient with multiple samples (n=4) ranging from 1969 to 2016. Male Cyprinella analostana and C. spiloptera were collected from three sites in the Delaware and one site in the Susquehanna River basins. Twenty male specimens from each sample were analyzed histologically to document the prevalence and severity of intersex. Additionally, several smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu were collected and assessed as a known sensitive species. Four potentially sensitive species were identified and assessed in 2017. These four species were Lepomis auritus, Ambloplites rupestris, Etheostoma zonale, and Notropis hudsonius, and represented additional modern specimens. These species were added in an attempt to gain a better understanding of how endocrine disruption impacts the entire fish community. No specimens analyzed in this study displayed intersex other than eight M. dolomieu collected from the Susquehanna River. Land cover data was used to calculate land cover percentages for each basin. Land cover percentages indicated that the greatest altered land cover type in the Susquehanna River basin was agriculture whereas developed land was the greatest altered land cover type for the three Delaware River basin sites. This study was a first attempt at using historical specimens to understand endocrine disruption prior to the emergence of the field in the late 20th century. Additionally, there is interest in identifying a small-bodied indicator species of endocrine disruption. Although C. analostana, C. spiloptera, L. auritus, A. rupestris, E. zonale, and N. hudsonius did not portray intersex, future efforts should focus on assessing other common, small-bodied species within the Delaware and Susquehanna River basins to identify a small-bodied indicator species that can be used to assess the impact of EDCs across an entire watershed.

M.S., Environmental Science – Drexel University, 2017

Advisors/Committee Members: Horwitz, Richard J., College of Arts and Sciences.

Subjects/Keywords: Environmental sciences; Aquatic sciences; Endocrine disrupting chemicals in water; Freshwater fishes; Fishes; Histology; Intersexuality; Zoological specimens

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APA (6^th Edition):

Marano, R. (2017). Occurrence of intersex in fishes from the Delaware and Susquehanna River basins: A temporal and interspecific comparison. (Thesis). Drexel University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7549

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Marano, Raffaela. “Occurrence of intersex in fishes from the Delaware and Susquehanna River basins: A temporal and interspecific comparison.” 2017. Thesis, Drexel University. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7549.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Marano, Raffaela. “Occurrence of intersex in fishes from the Delaware and Susquehanna River basins: A temporal and interspecific comparison.” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Marano R. Occurrence of intersex in fishes from the Delaware and Susquehanna River basins: A temporal and interspecific comparison. [Internet] [Thesis]. Drexel University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7549.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Marano R. Occurrence of intersex in fishes from the Delaware and Susquehanna River basins: A temporal and interspecific comparison. [Thesis]. Drexel University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7549

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Oxford

25. Chen, Chong. Systematics, ecology, and evolution of hydrothermal vent endemic peltospirids (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the Indian and Southern oceans.

Degree: PhD, 2015, University of Oxford

URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0136047f-a09b-4876-bb65-b74dfd7c997d ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.647683

► This thesis centres around two genera of large peltospirid gastropods (Mollusca: Neomphalina: Peltospiridae) endemic to hydrothermal vent ecosystems. One is the 'scaly-foot gastropod', an emblematic… (more)

▼ This thesis centres around two genera of large peltospirid gastropods (Mollusca: Neomphalina: Peltospiridae) endemic to hydrothermal vent ecosystems. One is the 'scaly-foot gastropod', an emblematic species of the Indian Ocean vents with unique dermal sclerites covering the foot like roof tiles. The other was recently discovered from expeditions to the Southern and Indian oceans, lacks sclerites and possesses large opercula. As both genera and their assigned species remained undescribed, they were formally described herein which forms a basis to understanding their biology. The 'scaly-foot gastropod' from both the Central Indian Ridge (CIR) and the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) were confirmed to represent a single species and is formally named as Chrysomallon squamiferum. Through molecular genetic analyses using the COI gene, genetic differentiation between SWIR and CIR populations was detected for the 'scaly-foot gastropod'. In contrast, the peltospirids with large opercula from the East Scotia Ridge (ESR) and the SWIR proved to be two distinct species within an undescribed genus. The ESR species was formally described as Gigantopelta chessoia and the SWIR species as G. aegis. The molecular genetic analyses of the COI gene, confirmed the genetic isolation of the two and consolidated their status as separate species. A 3D tomographic model of Chrysomallon squamiferum was generated to characterise the soft anatomy and morphology as well as to understand its internal anatomy and adaptation which remained little-studied. Further to the enlarged esophageal gland already known to house chemosynthetic endosymbionts, C. squamiferum was discovered to have a hypertrophied circulatory system with a gigantic, muscular heart and large ctenidium to adapt to life in a hypoxic environment and to supply the endosymbionts with necessary chemicals. Histological examinations of the sclerites and operculum showed that it was unlikely that the sclerites originated from operculum duplication. Comparisons with polyplacophoran scales revealed starkly different secretion mechanisms despite the superficial similarity, which has implications on the placement of sclerite-bearing Cambrian taxa. Overall, the results from this thesis ascertained the systematic positions of these large-sized, enigmatic peltospirids, and led to improved understanding of their ecology and evolution. The important role of larval dispersal in maintaining metapopulations across the distribution of a vent-endemic taxa is highlighted. The adaptations of vent-endemic taxa remains little-known even in well-studied species, warranting future studies on these and other species.

Subjects/Keywords: 594; Ecology (zoology); Evolution (zoology); Zoological sciences; Biodiversity; Biology; Life Sciences; hydrothermal vent; gastropod; mollusc; evolution; systematics; taxonomy

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Chen, C. (2015). Systematics, ecology, and evolution of hydrothermal vent endemic peltospirids (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the Indian and Southern oceans. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0136047f-a09b-4876-bb65-b74dfd7c997d ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.647683

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chen, Chong. “Systematics, ecology, and evolution of hydrothermal vent endemic peltospirids (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the Indian and Southern oceans.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0136047f-a09b-4876-bb65-b74dfd7c997d ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.647683.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chen, Chong. “Systematics, ecology, and evolution of hydrothermal vent endemic peltospirids (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the Indian and Southern oceans.” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Chen C. Systematics, ecology, and evolution of hydrothermal vent endemic peltospirids (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the Indian and Southern oceans. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0136047f-a09b-4876-bb65-b74dfd7c997d ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.647683.

Council of Science Editors:

Chen C. Systematics, ecology, and evolution of hydrothermal vent endemic peltospirids (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the Indian and Southern oceans. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2015. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0136047f-a09b-4876-bb65-b74dfd7c997d ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.647683

University of Oxford

26. Bilski, Michal Mamert. Engineered genetic sterility of pest insects.

Degree: PhD, 2012, University of Oxford

URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0d2bc7dd-7388-4418-a614-c7d77d8c905d ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.644658

► In the light of increasing pesticides resistance in agricultural pests and in insect vectors of human diseases, leading to the rise in occurrence of mosquito-borne… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: 595.7; Zoological sciences; Genetics (life sciences); Transgenics; sterile insect technique; transgenic insects; genetic pest control; sterile male; FokI nuclease

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Bilski, M. M. (2012). Engineered genetic sterility of pest insects. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0d2bc7dd-7388-4418-a614-c7d77d8c905d ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.644658

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bilski, Michal Mamert. “Engineered genetic sterility of pest insects.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0d2bc7dd-7388-4418-a614-c7d77d8c905d ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.644658.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bilski, Michal Mamert. “Engineered genetic sterility of pest insects.” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Bilski MM. Engineered genetic sterility of pest insects. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0d2bc7dd-7388-4418-a614-c7d77d8c905d ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.644658.

Council of Science Editors:

Bilski MM. Engineered genetic sterility of pest insects. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2012. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0d2bc7dd-7388-4418-a614-c7d77d8c905d ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.644658

University of Oxford

27. Lukasik, Piotr. The facultative endosymbionts of grain aphids and the horizontal transfer of ecologically important traits.

Degree: PhD, 2011, University of Oxford

URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6aedd183-2dde-4099-a74a-e3f7c909546a ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580881

► Insects are often infected with facultative endosymbiotic bacteria, which can have a range of important ecological effects. The grain aphid, Sitobion avenae, harbours diverse facultative… (more)

▼ Insects are often infected with facultative endosymbiotic bacteria, which can have a range of important ecological effects. The grain aphid, Sitobion avenae, harbours diverse facultative symbionts, which suggests their importance in grain aphid biology. This thesis attempts to explain the ecological roles of the facultative endosymbionts in S. avenae. It also examines the question of whether the horizontal transmission of symbionts between aphid clones and species can be important for shaping the ecology and evolution of multi-species aphid communities. Novel techniques developed for research with the grain aphid study system are presented. Grain aphid clones vary in their tolerance to low temperatures, but this trait is not affected by their facultative endosymbionts. Strains of a symbiont Hamiltonella defensa do not protect grain aphids from hymenopterous parasitoids, regardless of the host genotype. However, experienced parasitoid females preferentially oviposit in aphids which do not harbour symbionts. Comparison of the fitness consequences of infection with the same Hamiltonella strains in their original and in novel grain aphid host clones reveal no consistent differences. Symbiont strains establish easily following artificial transfer between clones of the grain aphid, but the symbionts transferred from other aphid species form less stable infections. Hamiltonella strains do not affect the fecundity of their grain aphid host clones regardless of their host species of origin, but also do not generally confer protection against parasitoids. There are no clear patterns in the distribution of parasitoid-resistant phenotypes across phylogenetic trees of Hamiltonella and its bacteriophage APSE. Strains of four unrelated species of endosymbionts, Rickettsia, Spiroplasma, Rickettsiella and Regiella, confer the same pathogen-resistant phenotype to a single pea aphid clone. The same symbiont strains can confer resistance to clones of two different aphid species. Some strains in multiple infections may compensate for the costs of infections with other symbionts. The importance of these results for understanding the ecological and evolutionary role of facultative endosymbionts in aphids and other insects are discussed, and directions for further research are proposed.

Subjects/Keywords: 591.9857; Evolution (zoology); Zoological sciences; Ecology (zoology); Biology; Life Sciences; symbiosis; mutualism; facultative endosymbiotic bacteria; aphid; insect; parasitoid

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lukasik, P. (2011). The facultative endosymbionts of grain aphids and the horizontal transfer of ecologically important traits. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6aedd183-2dde-4099-a74a-e3f7c909546a ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580881

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lukasik, Piotr. “The facultative endosymbionts of grain aphids and the horizontal transfer of ecologically important traits.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6aedd183-2dde-4099-a74a-e3f7c909546a ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580881.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lukasik, Piotr. “The facultative endosymbionts of grain aphids and the horizontal transfer of ecologically important traits.” 2011. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Lukasik P. The facultative endosymbionts of grain aphids and the horizontal transfer of ecologically important traits. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6aedd183-2dde-4099-a74a-e3f7c909546a ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580881.

Council of Science Editors:

Lukasik P. The facultative endosymbionts of grain aphids and the horizontal transfer of ecologically important traits. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2011. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6aedd183-2dde-4099-a74a-e3f7c909546a ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580881

University of Oxford

28. Flack, Andrea. Collective decision-making in homing pigeon navigation.

Degree: PhD, 2013, University of Oxford

URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:55ca08f4-404d-4897-ac80-5c832f984c24 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.581358

► This thesis focuses on conflict resolution and collective decision-making in co-navigating pigeons, Columba livia. These birds have a remarkable homing ability and frequently fly in… (more)

▼ This thesis focuses on conflict resolution and collective decision-making in co-navigating pigeons, Columba livia. These birds have a remarkable homing ability and frequently fly in flocks. Group navigation demands that group members reach consensus on which path to follow, but the mechanisms by which they do so remain largely unexplored. Pigeons are particularly suitable for studying these mechanisms, due to their sociality and the fact that their possession of information can easily be altered and quantified. I present the results of a series of experiments that manipulated the experience of homing pigeons in various ways so as to observe the effect of information they had previously gathered on their group behaviour. Key findings were: Previous navigational experience contributes to the establishment of leader-follower relationships. The larger the difference in experience between two co-navigating pigeons, the higher the likelihood the more experienced bird will emerge as leader. Shared homing experience through repeated joint flights can allow two pigeons to develop into a “behavioural unit”. They form spatial sub-groups when flying with less familiar birds, and perform a similar transition between compromise- and leadership-dominated flights as single birds, although they are more likely to accept compromise routes. Such previous association histories between birds can thus affect collective decision-making in larger flocks. There is a trade-off between the amount of spatial information handled and the efficiency with which such information can be applied during homing. Leading/following behaviour is influenced by the recency of the route memories. Leadership hierarchies in pigeon flocks appear resistant to changes in the navigational knowledge of a subset of their members, at least when these changes are relatively small in magnitude. The stability of the hierarchical structure might be beneficial during decision-making. Mathematical modelling suggests that underlying hierarchical social structures can increase navigational accuracy. Hierarchically organised groups with the smallest number of strong connections achieve highest accuracy. Group leader-follower dynamics resemble the underlying social structure.

Subjects/Keywords: 598.6515; Behaviour (zoology); Zoological sciences; Biology; Life Sciences; animal behaviour; homing pigeon; social navigation; decision-making

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Flack, A. (2013). Collective decision-making in homing pigeon navigation. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:55ca08f4-404d-4897-ac80-5c832f984c24 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.581358

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Flack, Andrea. “Collective decision-making in homing pigeon navigation.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:55ca08f4-404d-4897-ac80-5c832f984c24 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.581358.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Flack, Andrea. “Collective decision-making in homing pigeon navigation.” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Flack A. Collective decision-making in homing pigeon navigation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:55ca08f4-404d-4897-ac80-5c832f984c24 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.581358.

Council of Science Editors:

Flack A. Collective decision-making in homing pigeon navigation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2013. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:55ca08f4-404d-4897-ac80-5c832f984c24 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.581358

Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

29. Macho, Claudia Sandra. Untersuchungen zur Regulation der Trehalaseaktivität bei der Wanderheuschrecke Locusta migratoria.

Degree: 2008, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

URL: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2008/1638/

► Flugfähige Insekten sind äußerst leistungsfähige Tiere. Ihre Flugmuskulatur ist das Gewebe mit der höchsten ATP-Umsatzrate im Tierreich. Der hohe Energieumsatz ist möglich durch einen vollständig… (more)

▼ Flugfähige Insekten sind äußerst leistungsfähige Tiere. Ihre Flugmuskulatur ist das Gewebe mit der höchsten ATP-Umsatzrate im Tierreich. Der hohe Energieumsatz ist möglich durch einen vollständig aeroben Stoffwechsel der Flugmuskulatur, der durch die effiziente Sauerstoffversorgung über das Tracheensystem gewährleistet wird. Andererseits haben Insekten einen offenen Blutkreislauf, d.h. ihre Gewebe werden nicht über Kapillaren mit Substraten versorgt, sondern von der Hämolymphe umspült, die daher eine hohe Konzentration an energieliefernden Substraten haben muss. Als schnell verfügbares Substrat nutzen Wanderheuschrecken bei Beginn eines Fluges als Hauptsubstrat Trehalose, die in hoher Konzentration als Hämolymphzucker vorliegt (20 bis 40mal höhere Konzentration als Glucose). Trehalose ist, anders als Glucose, ein nicht-reduzierender Zucker und daher nicht toxisch. Allerdings muss das Disaccharid Trehalose zu Glucose hydrolysiert werden, bevor sie im Zellstoffwechsel verwertet werden kann. Diese Funktion erfüllt die Trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28), ein Enzym, das membrangebunden ist und nach Zellfraktionierung in der Mikrosomenfraktion erscheint. Es ist schon lange offensichtlich, dass die Aktivität der Trehalase regulierbar sein muss und zwar reversibel (eine Eigenschaft, die für Hydrolasen ungewöhnlich ist), der Mechanismus ist allerdings bislang nicht klar, da alle üblichen Typen von Aktivitätsregulation nicht verwirklicht zu sein scheinen. Die meisten Autoren vermuten, dass die Regulation über den Transport des Substrats erfolgt. Ein Trehalosetransporter konnte allerdings bisher in der Flugmuskulatur von Locusta nicht nachgewiesen werden. In dieser Arbeit stelle ich Experimente vor, die dafür sprechen, dass Trehalase als Ektoenzym aktiv ist (overte Form), während eine inaktive Form (latente Form) in Vesikeln im Cytoplasma vorliegt und per Exocytose reversibel in die Plasmamembran transloziert werden kann. Für die Testung dieser Arbeitshypothese nutzte ich Trehazolin, einen sehr spezifischen Inhibitor der Trehalase, der äußerst fest und dauerhaft im aktiven Zentrum des Enzyms bindet. Dazu war es nötig, die Flugmuskulatur zu fraktionieren, um die Effekte von Trehazolin auf die verschiedenen Formen der Trehalase (gebunden, löslich, overt, latent) zu analysieren. Mit der Arbeitshypothese vereinbar sind die folgenden Befunde: (1) In die Hämolymphe injiziertes Trehazolin hemmt bevorzugt die overte Trehalase und erst bei höheren Dosen und nach längerer Zeit die latente Form. (2) Trehazolin wirkt in hoher Dosis (50µg pro Tier) auch nach Verfütterung, allerdings stark abgeschwächt, da nach 24 Stunden ein signifikanter Effekt nur auf die overte, aber nicht auf die latente Form sichtbar war. (3) In einem Langzeitversuch über 30 Tage führte die einmalige Injektion von 20µg Trehazolin zu einer schnellen Hemmung der overten Trehalase, der eine verzögerte Hemmung der latenten Aktivität folgte. Der Zeitverlauf von Hemmung und Erholung spricht für eine Vorläufer-Produkt-Beziehung zwischen latenter und overter Form. (4) Flugaktivität der…

Subjects/Keywords: Wanderheuschrecken, Flugstoffwechsel, Locusta migratoria, Flugmuskulatur, Trehalose, Trehalaseaktivität; Locust flight, Locust flight metabolism, Locusta migratoria, flight muscle, trehalose, trehalase acitvity; Zoological sciences

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Macho, C. S. (2008). Untersuchungen zur Regulation der Trehalaseaktivität bei der Wanderheuschrecke Locusta migratoria. (Doctoral Dissertation). Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Retrieved from http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2008/1638/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Macho, Claudia Sandra. “Untersuchungen zur Regulation der Trehalaseaktivität bei der Wanderheuschrecke Locusta migratoria.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2008/1638/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Macho, Claudia Sandra. “Untersuchungen zur Regulation der Trehalaseaktivität bei der Wanderheuschrecke Locusta migratoria.” 2008. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Macho CS. Untersuchungen zur Regulation der Trehalaseaktivität bei der Wanderheuschrecke Locusta migratoria. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2008. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2008/1638/.

Council of Science Editors:

Macho CS. Untersuchungen zur Regulation der Trehalaseaktivität bei der Wanderheuschrecke Locusta migratoria. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2008. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2008/1638/

Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

30. Huth, Claudia Dora. Untersuchungen zur Lebensweise und zur Populationskontrolle des Gemeinen Ohrwurms Forficula auricularia L. (Insecta, Dermaptera) in Rebanlagen.

Degree: 2011, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz

URL: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2011/2825/

► Der Gemeine Ohrwurm (Forficula auricularia LINNAEUS 1758) wurde bisher im Weinbau als natürlicher Gegenspieler verschiedener Rebschädlinge zu den Nützlingen gezählt. Etwa seit 2005 verursacht er… (more)

▼ Der Gemeine Ohrwurm (Forficula auricularia LINNAEUS 1758) wurde bisher im Weinbau als natürlicher Gegenspieler verschiedener Rebschädlinge zu den Nützlingen gezählt. Etwa seit 2005 verursacht er aufgrund stark ansteigender Populationsdichten Schäden in pfälzischen Rebanlagen. Ohrwürmer halten sich massenhaft in den Trauben auf. Zusammen mit ihren Exkrementen geraten sie bei der Lese in großer Zahl ins Erntegut. Die Tiere werden von der weinbaulichen Praxis als sehr störend und qualitätsmindernd empfunden und ihre Einstufung als Nützling kritisch gesehen. Aufgrund dieser Problematik wurde im Mai 2007 ein durch den Forschungsring des Deutschen Weinbaus (FDW) finanziertes Forschungsprojekt am Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum Rheinpfalz in Neustadt an der Weinstraße begonnen. Bis 2010 wurden offene Fragen zur Erfassung und Populationsbiologie des Gemeinen Ohrwurms in Rebanlagen bearbeitet, die von ihm verursachten Schäden beschrieben und Strategien zu seiner Befallsregulation entwickelt. Am Boden aktive Ohrwürmer wurden mit Bodenfallen nach BARBER (1931) aufgenommen. In der Laubwand des Rebstockes wurden die Ohrwürmer mit eigens konzipierten Bambusfallen erfasst. F. auricularia ist in pfälzischen Rebanlagen die dominierende Ohrwurm-Art. Im Projektverlauf wurde der univoltine Entwicklungszyklus des Gemeinen Ohrwurms in pfälzischen Rebanlagen vollständig aufgeklärt. In der Vegetationsperiode beeinflussten die Intensität der Bodenbewirtschaftung mit der resultierenden Flächenbegrünung, die Bodenart, die Lufttemperatur, die Luftfeuchtigkeit und die Niederschlagsmenge die Befallsdichten am Rebstock signifikant. Der Ohrwurm-Befall in den Trauben war signifikant von der Kompaktheit und vom Gewicht der Trauben sowie dem Fäulnisanteil pro Traube und von eingewachsenen Rebblättern in den Trauben abhängig. Das Überwinterungs- und Brutverhalten wurde durch die Art und Weise der Bodenbewirtschaftung beeinflusst beziehungsweise gestört.rnLabor- und Freilandversuche haben gezeigt, dass F. auricularia Pilzpathogene wie die Graufäule (Botrytis cinerea PERSOON 1794) und den Pinselschimmel (Penicillium crustosum THOM 1930) auf gesunde Trauben überträgt. Ferner haben Fraßversuche ergeben, dass der Ohrwurm nur faule und vorgeschädigte Beeren anfressen kann und keine intakten Beeren verletzt. Durch analytische und sensorische Untersuchungen wurde festgestellt, dass Ohrwurm-Kot sensorische Fehltöne im Wein verursachen kann. Diese werden durch das im Kot enthaltene 2-Methyl-1,4-benzochinon hervorgerufen, das eine Komponente des arteigenen Abwehrsekrets ist. Da sich der Ohrwurm jahreszeitlich bedingt entweder im Boden oder am Rebstock aufhält, wurden befallsregulierende Maßnahmen im Boden- und Laubwandbereich der Rebanlage durchgeführt. Durch Tiefengrubbern mit Umbruch der Begrünung im Herbst und Frühjahr wurden die überwinternden Imagines und die Gelege geschädigt, so dass in der darauf folgenden Vegetationsperiode die Befallsdichten in der Laubwand geringfügig aber nicht signifikant abnahmen. Die während der Aufwanderungsphase der…

Subjects/Keywords: Forficula auricularia; Weinberg; Bambusfalle; Entwicklungszyklus; Populationskontrolle; Forficula auricularia; vineyard; bamboo tube; life cycle; population control; Zoological sciences

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Huth, C. D. (2011). Untersuchungen zur Lebensweise und zur Populationskontrolle des Gemeinen Ohrwurms Forficula auricularia L. (Insecta, Dermaptera) in Rebanlagen. (Doctoral Dissertation). Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Retrieved from http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2011/2825/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Huth, Claudia Dora. “Untersuchungen zur Lebensweise und zur Populationskontrolle des Gemeinen Ohrwurms Forficula auricularia L. (Insecta, Dermaptera) in Rebanlagen.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2011/2825/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Huth, Claudia Dora. “Untersuchungen zur Lebensweise und zur Populationskontrolle des Gemeinen Ohrwurms Forficula auricularia L. (Insecta, Dermaptera) in Rebanlagen.” 2011. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Huth CD. Untersuchungen zur Lebensweise und zur Populationskontrolle des Gemeinen Ohrwurms Forficula auricularia L. (Insecta, Dermaptera) in Rebanlagen. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2011/2825/.

Council of Science Editors:

Huth CD. Untersuchungen zur Lebensweise und zur Populationskontrolle des Gemeinen Ohrwurms Forficula auricularia L. (Insecta, Dermaptera) in Rebanlagen. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; 2011. Available from: http://ubm.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2011/2825/

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