subject:(Youth crime)

Boston College

1. Chan, Stacey. Unintended Policy Effects and Youth Crime.

Degree: PhD, Economics, 2013, Boston College

URL: http://dlib.bc.edu/islandora/object/bc-ir:101345

► This dissertation examines how some policies, though not intended to, can influence youth crime. The first chapter studies the minimum dropout age (MDA), a compulsory… (more)

▼ This dissertation examines how some policies, though not intended to, can influence youth crime. The first chapter studies the minimum dropout age (MDA), a compulsory schooling policy. This paper exploits state-level policy variation to identify the immediate and long-run effects of the MDA on crime. I find that higher compulsory schooling ages decrease male property crime while individuals are forced to be in school, but this effect dissipates in early adulthood. Male drug crime, however, experiences a decrease in both the short and long-run. These results provide further evidence for the incapacitation effect of schooling. The inconsistent long-run effect, however, calls into question the size of compulsory schooling's human capital effect on crime. The evidence indicates that, rather than a human capital effect, long-run decreases in crime may be explained by a dynamic incapacitation effect that is stronger for certain crimes, e.g., drug vs. property crimes. These findings have policy implications for crime deterrence and our understanding of criminal career development. The second chapter (co-authored with Drew Beauchamp) investigates how increases in the minimum wage impact the criminal behavior of affected workers. A growing body of empirical evidence indicates that increases in the minimum wage have a displacement effect on low-skilled workers. We use detailed panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 cohort to examine the effect of increases in the minimum wage on self-reported criminal activity and test the employment-crime substitution hypothesis. Exploiting changes in state and federal minimum wage laws from 1997 to 2010, we find that workers who are affected by a change in the minimum wage are more likely to become idle and unemployed. Further, there is an increase of property theft among both the unemployed and employed, suggesting that substitution between employment and crime is stronger than the income effect. These findings have implications for policy regarding both the low-wage labor market and criminal activity. Advisors/Committee Members: Andrew Beauchamp (Thesis advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Youth crime

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chan, S. (2013). Unintended Policy Effects and Youth Crime. (Doctoral Dissertation). Boston College. Retrieved from http://dlib.bc.edu/islandora/object/bc-ir:101345

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chan, Stacey. “Unintended Policy Effects and Youth Crime.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Boston College. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://dlib.bc.edu/islandora/object/bc-ir:101345.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chan, Stacey. “Unintended Policy Effects and Youth Crime.” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Chan S. Unintended Policy Effects and Youth Crime. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Boston College; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://dlib.bc.edu/islandora/object/bc-ir:101345.

Council of Science Editors:

Chan S. Unintended Policy Effects and Youth Crime. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Boston College; 2013. Available from: http://dlib.bc.edu/islandora/object/bc-ir:101345

Victoria University of Wellington

2. Carpenter, Craig. Young People and Desistance from Crime: Perspectives from New Zealand.

Degree: 2012, Victoria University of Wellington

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/2047

► This thesis examines the process by which young people stop, or 'desist' from, criminal offending in New Zealand. It does so by presenting insights on… (more)

▼ This thesis examines the process by which young people stop, or 'desist' from, criminal offending in New Zealand. It does so by presenting insights on desistance gained from observations and interviews with young ex-offenders and those who work closely with them. In doing so, it avoids the exaggerated responses to youth crime expressed in political rhetoric and the popular media, and instead focuses on factors that are deemed most valuable in desistance by those most involved. This primary research is presented in the context of the existing literature that establishes desistance as a process influenced by the interaction of multiple variables including individual, social, and structural factors. Analysis of structural factors highlights the need for young people, especially those who experience economic marginalisation or racial discrimination, to be provided with opportunities to change. While the current New Zealand youth justice system generally does well to limit the negative impact of formal system contact for young people, it is noted that the focus on individual plans and strategies fails to adequately address social relations and structural conditions that are integral to desistance processes. The results of this study show that young desisters have mainstream aspirations for stable employment and relationships. Key factors of desistance identified in this study include the influence of 'growing up', family support and positive relationships. In other words, desistance from crime was the result of moving towards something positive in life. It is therefore argued that desistance is also more likely to be sustained with ongoing personal and social support. Rather than being passive victims of structural inequalities, or completely rational actors, this study found young desisters to be influenced by a combination of structural, social and individual factors. The ultimate recommendation is to enhance existing policy through wider strategies that address structural issues, such as poverty and unemployment, together with the development of social and cultural capital, so that desistance processes can be further encouraged in New Zealand's young offenders. Advisors/Committee Members: Stanley, Elizabeth.

Subjects/Keywords: Youth crime; Desistance

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Carpenter, C. (2012). Young People and Desistance from Crime: Perspectives from New Zealand. (Masters Thesis). Victoria University of Wellington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10063/2047

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Carpenter, Craig. “Young People and Desistance from Crime: Perspectives from New Zealand.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/2047.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Carpenter, Craig. “Young People and Desistance from Crime: Perspectives from New Zealand.” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Carpenter C. Young People and Desistance from Crime: Perspectives from New Zealand. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/2047.

Council of Science Editors:

Carpenter C. Young People and Desistance from Crime: Perspectives from New Zealand. [Masters Thesis]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/2047

Montana State University

3. Hendrix, Logan James. Long-term impacts of childhood Medicaid expansions on crime.

Degree: MS, College of Agriculture, 2018, Montana State University

URL: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/15500

► This paper examines the effects of public health insurance expansions among children in the 1980s and 1990s on their criminal activity later in life. Using… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Medicaid.; Youth.; Crime.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hendrix, L. J. (2018). Long-term impacts of childhood Medicaid expansions on crime. (Masters Thesis). Montana State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/15500

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hendrix, Logan James. “Long-term impacts of childhood Medicaid expansions on crime.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Montana State University. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/15500.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hendrix, Logan James. “Long-term impacts of childhood Medicaid expansions on crime.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Hendrix LJ. Long-term impacts of childhood Medicaid expansions on crime. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Montana State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/15500.

Council of Science Editors:

Hendrix LJ. Long-term impacts of childhood Medicaid expansions on crime. [Masters Thesis]. Montana State University; 2018. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/15500

University of South Africa

4. Hlungwani, Freddy. An assessment of the Youth Crime Prevention Desk programme .

Degree: 2018, University of South Africa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25529

► The aim of this study is to assess the implementation of the Youth Crime Prevention Desk (YCPD) programme in the Ekurhuleni North Cluster in Gauteng.… (more)

▼ The aim of this study is to assess the implementation of the Youth Crime Prevention Desk (YCPD) programme in the Ekurhuleni North Cluster in Gauteng. Since the Social Crime Prevention Strategy was introduced in the South African Police Service (SAPS), no study has been conducted in the organisation to assess whether this strategy has yielded the expected results in line with its objectives. Data was collected by means of in-depth interviews as well as focus group interviews with Community Policing Forum (CPF) members, YCPD programme community volunteers, SAPS social crime prevention coordinators, Department of Community Safety (DoCS) social crime prevention coordinators and a station commander in the Ekurhuleni North Cluster. These participants are closely involved with the YCPD programme and freely expressed their views, understanding, knowledge and beliefs in relation to the implementation and associated activities of the YCPD programme. In addition, the researcher conducted a comprehensive literature study of the national legislation, SAPS policies and directives that oversee and promote social crime prevention in South Africa, as well as library resources and international studies. Various objectives were fulfilled in the execution of this study:  It was determined that social crime prevention guidelines are not complied with regarding the implementation of the YCPD.  It was determined that the YCPD is not achieving its proposed aims and objectives. In addition, this study and its results provide a framework for mitigating the challenges encountered during the implementation of strategies for improving the establishment of the YCPD in the Ekurhuleni North Cluster. The findings of the research indicate that the YCPD programme has not been effectively implemented within the Ekurhuleni North Cluster, since it became evident that the YCPD role-players are confronted by various challenges, which impede the proper implementation of the programme. Based on the findings of this study, a Youth Crime Prevention Desk Implementation Framework was developed. This framework could serve as a guideline advising the South African Police Service, Department of Community Safety, Community Policing Forums and Youth Crime Prevention Desk programme’s community volunteers in the Ekurhuleni North Cluster how the implementation of the programme could be improved. This framework could also contribute towards further identifying best practices with a view to benchmarking such a framework in other areas in South Africa. This study makes a significant contribution to the improvement of the implementation of the Youth Crime Prevention Desk programme in the Ekurhuleni North Cluster and to youth social crime and violence in general. Advisors/Committee Members: Van Graan, Johannes Gerhardus (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Social crime; Social crime prevention; Community policing; Youth Crime Prevention Desk; Youth social crime; Youth crime and violence

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hlungwani, F. (2018). An assessment of the Youth Crime Prevention Desk programme . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of South Africa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25529

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hlungwani, Freddy. “An assessment of the Youth Crime Prevention Desk programme .” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of South Africa. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25529.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hlungwani, Freddy. “An assessment of the Youth Crime Prevention Desk programme .” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Hlungwani F. An assessment of the Youth Crime Prevention Desk programme . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of South Africa; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25529.

Council of Science Editors:

Hlungwani F. An assessment of the Youth Crime Prevention Desk programme . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of South Africa; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25529

University of Waikato

5. Clarke, Gloria Hinemoa. Why do youth step out of sport and into court? A narrative-based exploration .

Degree: 2012, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/7139

► Motivated by my son’s incarceration months after he stopped playing sport this thesis attempts to answer the questions that plagued me as I began dealing… (more)

▼ Motivated by my son’s incarceration months after he stopped playing sport this thesis attempts to answer the questions that plagued me as I began dealing with lawyers, courts, and prison visits: If sport is all that it is supposed to be why is my son sitting in a prison cell? Had his fourteen years of playing sport been for nothing? Why hadn’t sport honoured its promise to protect my son from such a reality? Consequently, this thesis explores ‘Why youth step out of sport and into court?’ My objective is to provide parents and those interested in youth issues with new research that confirms, supplements, and/or challenges what is arguably ‘known’ about youth sports attrition and deviancy. However, rather than produce a traditional academic text I offer a polyvocal interpretive narrative text, where my own voice (as mother and academic) has been interwoven with the lived experiences and voices of five young men who had also ‘stepped out of sport and into court’ as well as the voices of published theorists and researchers who have broadened my understanding of the issues. As a result this thesis honours the lived experiences of the research participants as relayed to me during three semi-structured interviews, and is hopefully engaging enough to encourage you/the reader to think about the issues and to discuss them with others. The study highlights the complexities of sport and deviance, in that we live in a world of multiple realities. For instance, while many of the research participants had had similar experiences they had also come from different social, cultural and historical locations. Three of the participants had had two parents, two had had two parents living in different locations, and one had been raised by extended family. Three were raised in environments where gang ideology and drug use were normalised, while the other two had experienced environments to the contrary. One had been arrested on only two occasions, while the others had been arrested anywhere between five and thirty times before their nineteenth birthday, with charges ranging from painting on public property through to burglary and extreme violence. Their common experiences included their participation in rugby and/or rugby league; they had participated in sport and crime at the same time; they had been coached by intimidating people, and they had ‘stepped out of sport’ between thirteen and eighteen years old. The first take home message is that parents need to be diligent for the duration of their child’s sporting career and to be aware that whilst sports can do great things for young people, sport may also dampen a child’s sensitivity to fear and normalise and reinforce deviant beliefs, attitudes, justifications and orientations. The second take home message is that it is time for us to consider other forms of sport and physical activity and to give youth the power to define what sport means to them. Furthermore, if we agree that things need to change, this study recommends that attrition and deviance research… Advisors/Committee Members: Pope, Clive C (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: youth; sport; crime; deviance; court

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Clarke, G. H. (2012). Why do youth step out of sport and into court? A narrative-based exploration . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/7139

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Clarke, Gloria Hinemoa. “Why do youth step out of sport and into court? A narrative-based exploration .” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/7139.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Clarke, Gloria Hinemoa. “Why do youth step out of sport and into court? A narrative-based exploration .” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Clarke GH. Why do youth step out of sport and into court? A narrative-based exploration . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/7139.

Council of Science Editors:

Clarke GH. Why do youth step out of sport and into court? A narrative-based exploration . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/7139

University of Cambridge

6. Droppelmann, Catalina. Transitions out of crime : intentions, changes and obstacles on the road towards desistance.

Degree: PhD, 2020, University of Cambridge

URL: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.47733 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.794653

► Desistance from crime is not just the cessation of criminal activity itself, but a process of acquiring roles, identities, and virtues; of developing new social… (more)

▼ Desistance from crime is not just the cessation of criminal activity itself, but a process of acquiring roles, identities, and virtues; of developing new social ties, and of inhabiting new spaces. Such a framing of desistance is undoubtedly affected by structural, cultural and gender issues. This dissertation attempts to fill some of the gaps in our knowledge of desistance in a developing country, and to contribute to an intercultural dialogue with mainstream explanations. The aim of this thesis is to explore the transition from crime to conformity among a sample of Chilean juvenile offenders, and to identify theoretical, policy and practice implications from the findings. For these purposes, the research is focused towards examining three main areas: (1) the process of moving away from crime, its obstacles and challenges; (2) possible factors involved in the transition from crime to conformity; and (3) the particularities of gender in the process of moving away from crime, focusing on young female offenders. The data used in the present study come from the Trajectories Study, a longitudinal research project that uses mixed methods to explore the criminal and life trajectories within a sample panel of young male and female offenders in Chile. The present thesis contributes to the ways in which we understand, explain and research the process of moving away from crime. Perhaps the most crucial finding is that, by researching the process of moving away from crime among late adolescent offenders, the liminal space of ambivalences and inconsistencies that most individuals experience on their path to desistance from crime, acquires a pivotal relevance. This is supported by the first finding of the study, that temporary desistance and persistence categories are far from absolute, and are rather two ends of a continuum that individuals can move along fluidly. Ambivalent desisters and conformist offenders who persisted in order to align themselves with mainstream society emerged as new categories that challenged the traditional ways of understanding the process of moving away from crime. The factors associated with this process among the young participants of the study varied according to the theoretical model and the operationalisation of desistance used. While some factors emerged as significantly associated with desistance in models based on social control and routine activities approaches, for instance, they were not associated with desistance in the final integrated model that included psychosocial factors as well. The integrated model shows definitively that the desistance process is not simply associated with social control factors that appear in life and promote changes without individuals being aware of them. Psychosocial factors might be also relevant throughout the process and they do not operate in isolation from each other: rather, there is an orientation towards pro-sociality in a broad sense. Finally, the findings show that the process of crime abandonment is strongly gendered. In the case of the young men from…

Subjects/Keywords: Desistance; Youth Crime; Reentry

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Droppelmann, C. (2020). Transitions out of crime : intentions, changes and obstacles on the road towards desistance. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Cambridge. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.47733 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.794653

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Droppelmann, Catalina. “Transitions out of crime : intentions, changes and obstacles on the road towards desistance.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cambridge. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.47733 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.794653.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Droppelmann, Catalina. “Transitions out of crime : intentions, changes and obstacles on the road towards desistance.” 2020. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Droppelmann C. Transitions out of crime : intentions, changes and obstacles on the road towards desistance. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.47733 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.794653.

Council of Science Editors:

Droppelmann C. Transitions out of crime : intentions, changes and obstacles on the road towards desistance. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2020. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.47733 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.794653

University of Cambridge

7. Chavez Villegas, Cirenia. Youth and Organised Crime in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico: An exploration of contributing factors.

Degree: PhD, 2018, University of Cambridge

URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273773

► This research explores why young men participate in organised crime in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico. From an ecological perspective, decisions are the result of a combination… (more)

▼ This research explores why young men participate in organised crime in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico. From an ecological perspective, decisions are the result of a combination of factors at the macro, micro, and individual levels. The research explores factors at each of these levels, particularly the role of unfulfilled aspirations, the family and community environments, as well as different dimensions of poverty. In doing so, it uses an original survey covering a sample of 180 delinquent young men aged 12 to 29, who were in prison for organised criminal activity, and a sample of 180 non-delinquents with the same age, social background, and geographical origin in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico. Twenty in-depth interviews were also carried out with a sub-sample of delinquents. To my knowledge, this is the first study to use a quasi-experimental approach to understand why young men in Mexico participate in organised crime that considers their aspirations and measures multidimensional poverty amongst a population that is commonly excluded from census data. The thesis draws on several theoretical frameworks from the fields of criminology and sociology, including anomie and attachment theories. The findings lend support to the importance of aspirations at the individual level. Opportunity constraints predict criminal participation and delinquents tend to place greater value on material items than their non-delinquent counterparts, which calls for the co-creation and management of aspirations of former delinquents and at-risk youth with the aid of counsellors. In the family environment, being raised in a single parent household was a significant predictor of participation in organised crime. As these households are often headed by women, greater support for working mothers is pressing, as work in the assembly plants in Juárez (the prime source of employment) is not accompanied with childcare. More involved fathers who constitute positive role models are necessary to mitigate the risks of criminal participation. In the community environment, regularly spending time in a gang significantly predicted organised crime participation. Although gangs constitute a gateway, they do not unequivocally lead to organised crime. This calls for an adequate assessment of gangs, a phenomenon that is still poorly understood in Mexico. At the macro level, the findings reveal that those who are more income deprived have a lower probability of having participated in crime, suggesting that participation reduces income poverty marginally. However, a higher proportion of delinquent participants are vulnerable due to deprivation in several social indicators and most delinquent participants are still multidimensionally poor, despite their participation in organised crime. This indicates that participating in crime does not constitute an effective or sustained pathway out of poverty, a message that should be communicated to at-risk youth. A more robust poverty and inequality reduction program accompanied by fiscal reform and higher minimum wages are also among…

Subjects/Keywords: organised crime; youth; Mexico

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Chavez Villegas, C. (2018). Youth and Organised Crime in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico: An exploration of contributing factors. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Cambridge. Retrieved from https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273773

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chavez Villegas, Cirenia. “Youth and Organised Crime in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico: An exploration of contributing factors.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cambridge. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273773.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chavez Villegas, Cirenia. “Youth and Organised Crime in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico: An exploration of contributing factors.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Chavez Villegas C. Youth and Organised Crime in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico: An exploration of contributing factors. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273773.

Council of Science Editors:

Chavez Villegas C. Youth and Organised Crime in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico: An exploration of contributing factors. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2018. Available from: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273773

University of Cambridge

8. Droppelmann , Catalina. Transitions out of crime: intentions, changes and obstacles on the road towards desistance.

Degree: PhD, 2020, University of Cambridge

URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/300660

► Desistance from crime is not just the cessation of criminal activity itself, but a process of acquiring roles, identities, and virtues; of developing new social… (more)

▼ Desistance from crime is not just the cessation of criminal activity itself, but a process of acquiring roles, identities, and virtues; of developing new social ties, and of inhabiting new spaces. Such a framing of desistance is undoubtedly affected by structural, cultural and gender issues. This dissertation attempts to fill some of the gaps in our knowledge of desistance in a developing country, and to contribute to an intercultural dialogue with mainstream explanations. The aim of this thesis is to explore the transition from crime to conformity among a sample of Chilean juvenile offenders, and to identify theoretical, policy and practice implications from the findings. For these purposes, the research is focused towards examining three main areas: (1) the process of moving away from crime, its obstacles and challenges; (2) possible factors involved in the transition from crime to conformity; and (3) the particularities of gender in the process of moving away from crime, focusing on young female offenders. The data used in the present study come from the Trajectories Study, a longitudinal research project that uses mixed methods to explore the criminal and life trajectories within a sample panel of young male and female offenders in Chile. The present thesis contributes to the ways in which we understand, explain and research the process of moving away from crime. Perhaps the most crucial finding is that, by researching the process of moving away from crime among late adolescent offenders, the liminal space of ambivalences and inconsistencies that most individuals experience on their path to desistance from crime, acquires a pivotal relevance. This is supported by the first finding of the study, that temporary desistance and persistence categories are far from absolute, and are rather two ends of a continuum that individuals can move along fluidly. Ambivalent desisters and conformist offenders who persisted in order to align themselves with mainstream society emerged as new categories that challenged the traditional ways of understanding the process of moving away from crime. The factors associated with this process among the young participants of the study varied according to the theoretical model and the operationalisation of desistance used. While some factors emerged as significantly associated with desistance in models based on social control and routine activities approaches, for instance, they were not associated with desistance in the final integrated model that included psychosocial factors as well. The integrated model shows definitively that the desistance process is not simply associated with social control factors that appear in life and promote changes without individuals being aware of them. Psychosocial factors might be also relevant throughout the process and they do not operate in isolation from each other: rather, there is an orientation towards pro-sociality in a broad sense. Finally, the findings show that the process of crime abandonment is strongly gendered. In the case of the young men…

Subjects/Keywords: Desistance; Youth Crime; Reentry

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Droppelmann , C. (2020). Transitions out of crime: intentions, changes and obstacles on the road towards desistance. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Cambridge. Retrieved from https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/300660

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Droppelmann , Catalina. “Transitions out of crime: intentions, changes and obstacles on the road towards desistance.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cambridge. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/300660.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Droppelmann , Catalina. “Transitions out of crime: intentions, changes and obstacles on the road towards desistance.” 2020. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Droppelmann C. Transitions out of crime: intentions, changes and obstacles on the road towards desistance. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/300660.

Council of Science Editors:

Droppelmann C. Transitions out of crime: intentions, changes and obstacles on the road towards desistance. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2020. Available from: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/300660

9. Chavez Villegas, Cirenia. Youth and organised crime in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico : an exploration of contributing factors.

Degree: PhD, 2018, University of Cambridge

URL: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.20835 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.744589

► This research explores why young men participate in organised crime in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico. From an ecological perspective, decisions are the result of a combination… (more)

▼ This research explores why young men participate in organised crime in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico. From an ecological perspective, decisions are the result of a combination of factors at the macro, micro, and individual levels. The research explores factors at each of these levels, particularly the role of unfulfilled aspirations, the family and community environments, as well as different dimensions of poverty. In doing so, it uses an original survey covering a sample of 180 delinquent young men aged 12 to 29, who were in prison for organised criminal activity, and a sample of 180 non-delinquents with the same age, social background, and geographical origin in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico. Twenty in-depth interviews were also carried out with a sub-sample of delinquents. To my knowledge, this is the first study to use a quasi-experimental approach to understand why young men in Mexico participate in organised crime that considers their aspirations and measures multidimensional poverty amongst a population that is commonly excluded from census data. The thesis draws on several theoretical frameworks from the fields of criminology and sociology, including anomie and attachment theories. The findings lend support to the importance of aspirations at the individual level. Opportunity constraints predict criminal participation and delinquents tend to place greater value on material items than their non-delinquent counterparts, which calls for the co-creation and management of aspirations of former delinquents and at-risk youth with the aid of counsellors. In the family environment, being raised in a single parent household was a significant predictor of participation in organised crime. As these households are often headed by women, greater support for working mothers is pressing, as work in the assembly plants in Juárez (the prime source of employment) is not accompanied with childcare. More involved fathers who constitute positive role models are necessary to mitigate the risks of criminal participation. In the community environment, regularly spending time in a gang significantly predicted organised crime participation. Although gangs constitute a gateway, they do not unequivocally lead to organised crime. This calls for an adequate assessment of gangs, a phenomenon that is still poorly understood in Mexico. At the macro level, the findings reveal that those who are more income deprived have a lower probability of having participated in crime, suggesting that participation reduces income poverty marginally. However, a higher proportion of delinquent participants are vulnerable due to deprivation in several social indicators and most delinquent participants are still multidimensionally poor, despite their participation in organised crime. This indicates that participating in crime does not constitute an effective or sustained pathway out of poverty, a message that should be communicated to at-risk youth. A more robust poverty and inequality reduction program accompanied by fiscal reform and higher minimum wages are also among…

Subjects/Keywords: 364.360972; organised crime; youth; Mexico

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chavez Villegas, C. (2018). Youth and organised crime in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico : an exploration of contributing factors. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Cambridge. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.20835 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.744589

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chavez Villegas, Cirenia. “Youth and organised crime in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico : an exploration of contributing factors.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cambridge. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.20835 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.744589.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chavez Villegas, Cirenia. “Youth and organised crime in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico : an exploration of contributing factors.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Chavez Villegas C. Youth and organised crime in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico : an exploration of contributing factors. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.20835 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.744589.

Council of Science Editors:

Chavez Villegas C. Youth and organised crime in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico : an exploration of contributing factors. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2018. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.20835 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.744589

University of Ottawa

10. Cao, Jing. Preventing Youth Crime in Chongqing: The Implications of Western Scientific Evidence and Intergovernmental Guidelines on Crime Prevention Through Social Development .

Degree: 2012, University of Ottawa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22788

► The primary objective of this thesis was to examine the relevance of intergovernmental decisions and western risk-focused social crime prevention to reducing youth crime within… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: crime prevention; youth crime; Chongqing; China; Crime prevention through social development

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cao, J. (2012). Preventing Youth Crime in Chongqing: The Implications of Western Scientific Evidence and Intergovernmental Guidelines on Crime Prevention Through Social Development . (Thesis). University of Ottawa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22788

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cao, Jing. “Preventing Youth Crime in Chongqing: The Implications of Western Scientific Evidence and Intergovernmental Guidelines on Crime Prevention Through Social Development .” 2012. Thesis, University of Ottawa. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22788.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cao, Jing. “Preventing Youth Crime in Chongqing: The Implications of Western Scientific Evidence and Intergovernmental Guidelines on Crime Prevention Through Social Development .” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Cao J. Preventing Youth Crime in Chongqing: The Implications of Western Scientific Evidence and Intergovernmental Guidelines on Crime Prevention Through Social Development . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22788.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cao J. Preventing Youth Crime in Chongqing: The Implications of Western Scientific Evidence and Intergovernmental Guidelines on Crime Prevention Through Social Development . [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22788

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Tasmania

11. Barr, PJ. "Youth crime out of control" : is it reality of media hype? : A Tasmanian perspective on the print media's portrayal of youth crime and Ashley Youth Detention Centre.

Degree: 2011, University of Tasmania

URL: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/19327/1/whole_BarrPeterJohn2011_thesis.pdf

► As an employee at Ashley Youth Detention Centre (AYDC) I have been a keen follower of the Tasmanian media's portrayal of crime generally and youthful… (more)

▼ As an employee at Ashley Youth Detention Centre (AYDC) I have been a keen follower of the Tasmanian media's portrayal of crime generally and youthful offending and AYDC specifically, for 17 years. During that time I have literally read hundreds of Tasmanian media stories relating to youth crime or AYDC and from that had developed the anecdotal view that the Tasmanian print media's reporting of crime, youth crime and AYDC is generally biased. In order to test that hypothesis I reviewed every Tasmanian newsprint article written on youth crime and AYDC during the period July 2007 to June 2009. In all there were 267 articles from the three Tasmanian newspapers. To the best of my knowledge this is the only study of its kind conducted in Tasmania. In examining those articles I formed the view that not only were they inflammatory but they were intentionally so. This begs the question as to why journalists who are meant to report the news without fear or favour, and who are required to work within a code of conduct (Appendix 1) would intentionally be pushing the view that crime is out of control, that it is not safe to walk down the street after dark and generally instil fear into people? To try and make sense of why newspapers would deliberately set out to mislead and in turn frighten their readers and by osmosis the general population we need to understand a little of the history of newspapers particularly in relation to what they believe sells papers. It is also helpful to know who owns the papers and what their motives are in printing them. It is not always about just selling papers and making a profit. Understanding the theories of media influence and ways in which bias can be introduced are important to understanding how public opinion can be formed. There is no doubt the media play a part in forming our views on most things, including crime, and while the reporting is balanced and our views reflect that, all is fine, however, when our views are being skewed by biased reporting we become fearful when we need not. We devalue ourselves and our society by alienating and ostracising people based on what we read in the paper. In fact this can occur for whole sections of the community such as young people, aborigines, people with mental health issues and other marginalised groups. The findings support the original hypothesis that Tasmanian newspapers are biased in their reporting of crime, youth crime and towards AYDC. In relation to reporting crime, youth crime and AYDC Tasmanian newspapers are not only biased by the number of negative articles they print in comparison to balanced articles but they also publish articles that highlight the bad and often omit or diminish any mitigating circumstances. Because articles are inflammatory and biased readers are left more fearful of crime than they need be and young people in particular are seen to be more violent and dangerous than is the case. The research also highlighted the regional view each paper took. This meant that issues took on greater significance based on…

Subjects/Keywords: Crime in mass media; Crime and age; Ashley Youth Detention Centre; Youth; Fear of crime

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APA (6^th Edition):

Barr, P. (2011). "Youth crime out of control" : is it reality of media hype? : A Tasmanian perspective on the print media's portrayal of youth crime and Ashley Youth Detention Centre. (Thesis). University of Tasmania. Retrieved from https://eprints.utas.edu.au/19327/1/whole_BarrPeterJohn2011_thesis.pdf

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Barr, PJ. “"Youth crime out of control" : is it reality of media hype? : A Tasmanian perspective on the print media's portrayal of youth crime and Ashley Youth Detention Centre.” 2011. Thesis, University of Tasmania. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/19327/1/whole_BarrPeterJohn2011_thesis.pdf.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Barr, PJ. “"Youth crime out of control" : is it reality of media hype? : A Tasmanian perspective on the print media's portrayal of youth crime and Ashley Youth Detention Centre.” 2011. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Barr P. "Youth crime out of control" : is it reality of media hype? : A Tasmanian perspective on the print media's portrayal of youth crime and Ashley Youth Detention Centre. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Tasmania; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/19327/1/whole_BarrPeterJohn2011_thesis.pdf.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Barr P. "Youth crime out of control" : is it reality of media hype? : A Tasmanian perspective on the print media's portrayal of youth crime and Ashley Youth Detention Centre. [Thesis]. University of Tasmania; 2011. Available from: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/19327/1/whole_BarrPeterJohn2011_thesis.pdf

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

12. Raghavan, Vijay. Youth arrested in extortion cases in Mumbai city: processes of entry and after.

Degree: Social sciences, 2011, INFLIBNET

URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/2727

►

Youth is a critical stage in life, full of challenges, confusions and insecurities. It is a phase that acts as a bridge between childhood and… (more)

▼

Youth is a critical stage in life, full of challenges, confusions and insecurities. It is a phase that acts as a bridge between childhood and adulthood. It is a change-oriented and a ‘questioning’ phase and includes concepts like identity, role and dynamism. Soares (2000) defines youth as both a social concept created to define the particular way that human beings see themselves and others at a particular point in their lives, and a useful sociological concept. Today, there is a crisis of confidence and feeling of unrest in large sections of youth in the country today. The issue of youth in crime is an area of increasing concern in the context of the fact that crime rates have been steadily rising in urban India. With liberalization and growth of a consumer economy, newer avenues in the illegal sector have emerged, which have direct absorption and income generating avenues for the educated and semi-educated youth. The dearth of research in India in the area of youth offender studies, and especially those involved in serious offences and organised crime, may stem from a general lack of focus in the country on youth as a social category. Criminal justice processing may convert young offenders into ‘criminals’. The consequent subsuming of identity could lead to obfuscation of valuable data about what happens to them, once they join the ranks of socially excluded populations in our society. It is in this context that there is a need to look at who constitutes this group, what their profile is, what their experiences and views on the CJS are, and how they view their life chances. It is important to find ways to re-integrate this group in the mainstream, in the light of the fact that the illegal sector is ready and waiting to re-absorb them. These issues constitute largely the concerns of this study. Objectives 1. To study the socio-economic, family, education and work background of the male youth offenders allegedly involved in property offences of serious nature. 2. To examine from the alleged male youth offenders’ viewpoint, the factors that contributed to his entry into the criminal nexus leading to his arrest and re-arrest and his views on family, peer and gender relations, religion and the criminal justice system and processing. 3. To study the social supports available to the youth prisoner to address his imprisonment related and post-release problems. 4. To understand the legal, social and livelihood-related processes that unfolds in the life of the alleged youth offender after his release from police/prison custody.

Annexure p. 362-405, References p. 406-415

Advisors/Committee Members: Dabir, Neela.

Subjects/Keywords: Social sciences; Crime; Social work; Mumbai; Youth

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APA (6^th Edition):

Raghavan, V. (2011). Youth arrested in extortion cases in Mumbai city: processes of entry and after. (Thesis). INFLIBNET. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/2727

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Raghavan, Vijay. “Youth arrested in extortion cases in Mumbai city: processes of entry and after.” 2011. Thesis, INFLIBNET. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/2727.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Raghavan, Vijay. “Youth arrested in extortion cases in Mumbai city: processes of entry and after.” 2011. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Raghavan V. Youth arrested in extortion cases in Mumbai city: processes of entry and after. [Internet] [Thesis]. INFLIBNET; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/2727.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Raghavan V. Youth arrested in extortion cases in Mumbai city: processes of entry and after. [Thesis]. INFLIBNET; 2011. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/2727

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Newcastle

13. McGregor, Joel Robert. Case management in youth desistance: a governmentality approach.

Degree: PhD, 2019, University of Newcastle

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1406309

►

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This thesis seeks to uncover the ways in which case management and diversionary programs come together as a… (more)

▼

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This thesis seeks to uncover the ways in which case management and diversionary programs come together as a practice that is applied in the youth justice setting. Case management popularised in Australia in the 1970s and, since then, has increasingly been employed within Australian corrections agencies. It has been promoted as a method of service delivery which meets the needs of the offender in a cost-effective and efficient manner. This thesis will critically engage with the rationalities that govern this practice to suggest how they influence the key service dimensions that serve to govern young people’s desistance pathways. In this thesis I argue that youth case management and diversionary programs come together through complex relational practices. Case management and diversionary programs comprise various types of practitioners from different disciplinary backgrounds. Examples of such are youth workers, social workers and human service practitioners. As a result, and what this thesis has uncovered, the practice of case management has diverse delivery approaches and does not follow a single method of service delivery. While this diversity contributes to the richness of case management and diversionary programs, it has also meant that many of the ethical considerations when working with young people desisting from crime have been relocated to this setting with little critical reflection. In particular, this thesis seeks to understand how practitioners do case management through their own subjectivities and the subjectivities that they imagine of their clients. It will argue that, in managing ‘problem populations’, practitioners drew upon their personal understandings of young people to undertake their work rather than through the practices for working with post-release young people which were institutionally recognised. Approaching their work in this way allowed practitioners to strategically negotiate relations between, for example, themselves and the funding body, and themselves and their clients. In order to examine that which has been stated above, and the research aims, this thesis will draw upon the work of Michel Foucault and the field of governmentality studies. Applying this theoretical framework to the qualitative methods used and analysis of data, this thesis will uncover the techniques which come together to form a distinct exercise of governmentality. Specifically, it seeks to uncover the relations of power that come together to form the day-to-day working practices of case managers.

Advisors/Committee Members: University of Newcastle. Faculty of Education & Arts, School of Humanities and Social Sciences.

Subjects/Keywords: custody; crime; youth; reintegration; governmentality; Foucault

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APA (6^th Edition):

McGregor, J. R. (2019). Case management in youth desistance: a governmentality approach. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Newcastle. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1406309

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McGregor, Joel Robert. “Case management in youth desistance: a governmentality approach.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Newcastle. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1406309.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McGregor, Joel Robert. “Case management in youth desistance: a governmentality approach.” 2019. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

McGregor JR. Case management in youth desistance: a governmentality approach. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Newcastle; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1406309.

Council of Science Editors:

McGregor JR. Case management in youth desistance: a governmentality approach. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Newcastle; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1406309

14. Mancino, Maria Antonella. Essays on Crime, Education, and Employment.

Degree: 2018, University of Western Ontario

URL: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5673

► My thesis consists of three chapters that are motivated by policy-relevance and contribute to the study of crime choices among young individuals. Chapter 2 studies… (more)

▼ My thesis consists of three chapters that are motivated by policy-relevance and contribute to the study of crime choices among young individuals. Chapter 2 studies the determinants of youth crime using a dynamic discrete choice model of crime and education. We allow past education and criminal activities to affect current crime and educational decisions. We take advantage of a rich panel dataset on serious juvenile offenders, the Pathways to Desistance. Using a series of psychometric tests, we estimate a model of cognitive and social/emotional skills which feed into the crime and education model. This allows us to separately identify the roles of state dependence, returns to experience, and heterogeneity in driving crime and enrollment decisions among youth. We find small effects of experience and stronger evidence of state dependence and heterogeneity for crime and schooling. We provide evidence that, as a consequence, policies that affect individual heterogeneity (e.g., social/emotional skills), and those that temporarily keep youth away from crime, can have important and lasting effects even if criminal experience has already accumulated. Chapter 3 documents empirical facts about the criminal and legal labour sector for disadvantaged young individuals, and investigates the factors driving the transitions between sectors. I focus on the role of heterogeneity, earnings, human capital, and criminal capital in determining transitions across the criminal and legal labour sectors. The data I employ comes from the Pathways to Desistance Study. I find that disadvantaged young individuals face two low-quality employment alternatives. On the one hand, jobs in the legal labour sector are characterized by short average duration and low wages. Consistent with their low quality, these jobs present small returns to legal experience. Activity in the criminal sector presents similar features as legal jobs and it offers an earnings premium relative to the legal labour sector, which partially compensates for the inherent risk of the activity. I provide evidence that earnings in the criminal and legal labour sectors play a significant role on the transitions across sectors. This implies that choices in the criminal and legal labour sectors are strongly related and, as a result, they should not be studied in isolation of each other. Motivated by the findings in Chapter 3, Chapter 4 analyzes the legal employment and crime choices for disadvantaged youth. The labour market for this population group is usually studied ignoring the presence of the criminal sector, and yet a large share of them participate in crime. To study these outcomes jointly and explore how they relate, I build and estimate a two-sector search model allowing for a rich set of interactions between the two sectors. I estimate the model using monthly data from the Pathways to Desistance. Search frictions in the legal labour sector are found to be significant, with these individuals being offered low-quality legal jobs that are characterized by low earnings and large…

Subjects/Keywords: Crime; Education; Employment; Youth; Labor Economics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mancino, M. A. (2018). Essays on Crime, Education, and Employment. (Thesis). University of Western Ontario. Retrieved from https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5673

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mancino, Maria Antonella. “Essays on Crime, Education, and Employment.” 2018. Thesis, University of Western Ontario. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5673.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mancino, Maria Antonella. “Essays on Crime, Education, and Employment.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Mancino MA. Essays on Crime, Education, and Employment. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5673.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Mancino MA. Essays on Crime, Education, and Employment. [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2018. Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5673

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

15. Shangase, Andile Nkosithandile. Inanda's perceptions on the African context of parenting and its effects on crime among the youth in Inanda Township, KwaZulu-Natal.

Degree: 2018, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18543

► Crime among the youth is one of the major social challenges affecting most of our black towns in South Africa. Inanda town has been identified… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Youth behaviour.; Youth crime.; Inanda township.; African parenting.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Shangase, A. N. (2018). Inanda's perceptions on the African context of parenting and its effects on crime among the youth in Inanda Township, KwaZulu-Natal. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18543

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Shangase, Andile Nkosithandile. “Inanda's perceptions on the African context of parenting and its effects on crime among the youth in Inanda Township, KwaZulu-Natal.” 2018. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18543.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Shangase, Andile Nkosithandile. “Inanda's perceptions on the African context of parenting and its effects on crime among the youth in Inanda Township, KwaZulu-Natal.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Shangase AN. Inanda's perceptions on the African context of parenting and its effects on crime among the youth in Inanda Township, KwaZulu-Natal. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18543.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Shangase AN. Inanda's perceptions on the African context of parenting and its effects on crime among the youth in Inanda Township, KwaZulu-Natal. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2018. Available from: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18543

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Guelph

16. Vena, Candace. What's love got to do with it? Romantic relationships, street youth and crime.

Degree: MA, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, 2014, University of Guelph

URL: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/8110

► While the bulk of previous research on the role romantic relationships play on criminal behaviour has focused on mainstream youth in Canada and the United… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: love; relationships; romance; youth; homeless; crime; street youth

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APA (6^th Edition):

Vena, C. (2014). What's love got to do with it? Romantic relationships, street youth and crime. (Masters Thesis). University of Guelph. Retrieved from https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/8110

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Vena, Candace. “What's love got to do with it? Romantic relationships, street youth and crime.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Guelph. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/8110.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vena, Candace. “What's love got to do with it? Romantic relationships, street youth and crime.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Vena C. What's love got to do with it? Romantic relationships, street youth and crime. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Guelph; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/8110.

Council of Science Editors:

Vena C. What's love got to do with it? Romantic relationships, street youth and crime. [Masters Thesis]. University of Guelph; 2014. Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/8110

17. Alvarez, Carla. Testing Social Bond Theory on Hispanic Youth.

Degree: 2018, Texas A&M International University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152.4/129

► Hirschi's social bond theory plays a substantial role in the explanation of juvenile delinquency. While social bond theory appears to play an important role in… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Social Bond Theory; Juvenile delinquency; youth; crime; Hispanic youth

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APA (6^th Edition):

Alvarez, C. (2018). Testing Social Bond Theory on Hispanic Youth. (Thesis). Texas A&M International University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152.4/129

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Alvarez, Carla. “Testing Social Bond Theory on Hispanic Youth.” 2018. Thesis, Texas A&M International University. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2152.4/129.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Alvarez, Carla. “Testing Social Bond Theory on Hispanic Youth.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Alvarez C. Testing Social Bond Theory on Hispanic Youth. [Internet] [Thesis]. Texas A&M International University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152.4/129.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Alvarez C. Testing Social Bond Theory on Hispanic Youth. [Thesis]. Texas A&M International University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152.4/129

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

18. Magwaza, Sibonelo Humphrey. Exploring why some youth are engaged in criminal activities to achieve their goals in life: a study of incarcerated male offenders in the Youth Correctional Facility, Westville.

Degree: 2019, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18744

► South Africans are plagued by criminal activities which are perpetrated mostly by youth each day. A number of youths tend to deviate from socially accepted… (more)

▼ South Africans are plagued by criminal activities which are perpetrated mostly by youth each day. A number of youths tend to deviate from socially accepted behaviours which could be due to lack of legitimate opportunities for them to develop in life. Some of the youth would pursue criminal activities for monetary or material gain, while others would conduct crime for mere prestige. Some of them are shaped by social and political circumstances which tend to inhibit them from exploring their capacities. The mere fact of being raised in socially disadvantaged communities could be the prime cause of youth crime as they are raised in the very communities which are the breeding soil for potential offenders as they try to make ends meet. Youth who cannot bear to live under poverty opt for shortcut means to achieve success in their lives as they develop envy and greed when observing other youth of a similar age being given legitimate opportunities to showcase their talents. However such criminal means of achieving success in life are detrimental to the victims of crime and the community in general. Those who are caught and found guilty of crime spend their valuable times incarcerated and could choose to continue with criminal careers or desist from crime if they learned their lesson when they were confined in correctional facilities. However, some studies have identified failures of preventive measures to counteract youth crime. Farrington and colleagues (2016), when they did a systematic review, found that a measure of community-based interventions involving individual, family and school-based interventions produced a mere five percent reduction in the manifestation of youth criminal behaviour. Not even the institutions like prisons are winning the battle to reduce crime to satisfactory level, especially in South Africa. McCarthy, Schiraldi, and Shark (2016: 2) state that regardless whether the benefits and costs of youth prisons are measured on magnitude of public money spent, they are putting the very people they are suppose to help and put them in a detrimental position irrespective of the fact that prisons and other crime prevention measures have been there for generations. The institutional failure to address the problem of crime however does not inhibit other attempts like this study to establish other motives for some people to engage in criminal activities. This is why the aim of this study was to explore why some youth decided to engage in criminal activities, to identify factors in their environments that influence criminal behaviour, and to recommend preventative measures against future youth criminal behaviour. Advisors/Committee Members: Gopal, Nirmala Devi. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Youth aspirations.; Poverty and unemployment.; Poverty and crime.; Youth crime.; Criminal behaviour.; Durban youth correctional centre.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Magwaza, S. H. (2019). Exploring why some youth are engaged in criminal activities to achieve their goals in life: a study of incarcerated male offenders in the Youth Correctional Facility, Westville. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18744

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Magwaza, Sibonelo Humphrey. “Exploring why some youth are engaged in criminal activities to achieve their goals in life: a study of incarcerated male offenders in the Youth Correctional Facility, Westville.” 2019. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18744.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Magwaza, Sibonelo Humphrey. “Exploring why some youth are engaged in criminal activities to achieve their goals in life: a study of incarcerated male offenders in the Youth Correctional Facility, Westville.” 2019. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Magwaza SH. Exploring why some youth are engaged in criminal activities to achieve their goals in life: a study of incarcerated male offenders in the Youth Correctional Facility, Westville. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18744.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Magwaza SH. Exploring why some youth are engaged in criminal activities to achieve their goals in life: a study of incarcerated male offenders in the Youth Correctional Facility, Westville. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2019. Available from: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18744

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Victoria University of Wellington

19. Stone, Meg. Building Relationships in a Youth Justice Residence in Aotearoa New Zealand: Experiences of a Music Therapy Student.

Degree: 2018, Victoria University of Wellington

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/7951

► Using Action Research, I explored my experience as a music therapy student in the process of developing relationships in a Youth Justice Residence in Aotearoa… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Music therapy; Therapeutic relationship; Therapeutic alliance; Youth justice; Youth crime; Youth at risk

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Stone, M. (2018). Building Relationships in a Youth Justice Residence in Aotearoa New Zealand: Experiences of a Music Therapy Student. (Masters Thesis). Victoria University of Wellington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10063/7951

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Stone, Meg. “Building Relationships in a Youth Justice Residence in Aotearoa New Zealand: Experiences of a Music Therapy Student.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/7951.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Stone, Meg. “Building Relationships in a Youth Justice Residence in Aotearoa New Zealand: Experiences of a Music Therapy Student.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Stone M. Building Relationships in a Youth Justice Residence in Aotearoa New Zealand: Experiences of a Music Therapy Student. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/7951.

Council of Science Editors:

Stone M. Building Relationships in a Youth Justice Residence in Aotearoa New Zealand: Experiences of a Music Therapy Student. [Masters Thesis]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/7951

University of Western Ontario

20. Kobayashi, Brenda. Criminal Justice Theories and Variations in Legal Decisions Across Youth Justice Acts.

Degree: 2017, University of Western Ontario

URL: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4490

► Media stories of violent young offenders, while rare events, “signal” to the public that youth crime is on the rise and worse, that today’s youth… (more)

▼ Media stories of violent young offenders, while rare events, “signal” to the public that youth crime is on the rise and worse, that today’s youth are capable of horrific crimes. As a result, both the public and politicians call for change – legislation and the courts need to toughen up on youths. The present study, guided by penal populism and focal concerns theory, fills a gap in the literature by examining sentencing decisions of young offenders convicted of violent offences in Ontario, Canada. Three research questions were asked. First, drawing on penal populism is there evidence in Canada, particularly Ontario, of a penal populist turn? Are judges taking a more punitive stance in sentencing young offenders convicted of sexual assault and physical assault? Second, drawing on focal concerns theory, do sentencing decisions reflect an offender’s level of blameworthiness and the need for protection of the public? Can extralegal factors, such as age and gender, explain disparities in sentencing? Third, do the sentencing rationales provided by judges vary within and across offence type? To answer these questions, a sample of sentencing decisions was analyzed to uncover quantitative and qualitative trends. The findings provide mixed support for penal populism and limited support for focal concerns theory. One prominent finding is that the courts appear to take a more punitive stance towards physical assault offenders regardless of their rehabilitative prospects than the sexual assault offenders. Three explanations are proposed for this difference. First, it appears that judges believe that physical assault offenders are better rehabilitated with a custodial sentence, while rehabilitation for sexual assault offenders is best achieved through non-custodial sentences. Second, a disproportionate number of physical assaults were committed against strangers whereas sexual assaults were disproportionately committed against people known to the offender; the courts may view the former offenders as a greater threat to the community. Lastly, there may be a lag between legislative changes and changes in sentencing patterns, as a result of judicial inertia. Although this sample is not representative, there is evidence of increased use of custody within these cases that become precedents for future sentencing decisions. As a result, judicial precedence may, in the future, result in harsher sentences for young offenders convicted of physical assault.

Subjects/Keywords: Criminology; Juvenile Delinquents Act; Young Offenders Act; Youth Criminal Justice Act; youth; youth crime; Criminology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kobayashi, B. (2017). Criminal Justice Theories and Variations in Legal Decisions Across Youth Justice Acts. (Thesis). University of Western Ontario. Retrieved from https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4490

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kobayashi, Brenda. “Criminal Justice Theories and Variations in Legal Decisions Across Youth Justice Acts.” 2017. Thesis, University of Western Ontario. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4490.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kobayashi, Brenda. “Criminal Justice Theories and Variations in Legal Decisions Across Youth Justice Acts.” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kobayashi B. Criminal Justice Theories and Variations in Legal Decisions Across Youth Justice Acts. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4490.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kobayashi B. Criminal Justice Theories and Variations in Legal Decisions Across Youth Justice Acts. [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2017. Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4490

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

21. Miraglia, Paula Renata. Cosmologias da violência: entre a regra e a exceção - uma etnografia da desigualdade em São Paulo.

Degree: PhD, Antropologia Social, 2008, University of São Paulo

URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8134/tde-23082011-165139/ ;

►

Tomando o conflito como um dado da vida social, esse trabalho procura entender de que maneira ele, na sua forma de violência e criminalidade, se… (more)

▼

Tomando o conflito como um dado da vida social, esse trabalho procura entender de que maneira ele, na sua forma de violência e criminalidade, se mistura ao cotidiano da cidade de São Paulo, provocando a pergunta: a violência pertence à regra ou é da ordem da exceção? A leitura espacializada do fenômeno construída pelos dados de homicídios no Brasil e em São Paulo, a etnografia de um bairro da Zonal Sul de São Paulo, e os dados sobre jovens cumprindo medidas sócio-educativas, são os pontos de partida para refletir sobre os altos níveis e as modalidades de violência empreendidas na sociedade brasileira. A pesquisa permite acompanhar como a violência entre e sai da vida de pessoas que não têm nenhum tipo de vínculo formal com a criminalidade organizada, as vezes com uma sutileza perversa, acionando praticamente todas as esferas da vida em comunidade a ponto de ser tomada como um grande pano de fundo para a própria existência. São evidenciados os limites da justiça e do aparato democrático num contexto de vulnerabilidade, as redes que amparam o envolvimento com o crime, e a privatização, em múltiplos sentidos, da segurança que empresta novos significados às idéias de contenção e repressão. As estratégias para enfrentála, as mudanças nas relações e interações entre os atores sociais, bem como suas constantes negociações, revelam uma cosmologia interna e partilhada, capaz de naturalizar a violência.

Considering conflict as part of social life, this dissertation seeks to understand in which way, when expressed as violence and crime, conflict can join the city of São Paulos daily life, provoking the question: is violence part of the rules or is it exceptional? The comprehension of the phenomena from its spatial perspective - through the homicides data form Brazil and form São Paulo - the ethnography from a neighborhood at the south region of the city and data regarding juvenile offenders are the starting point to reflect about the high levels and the modalities of violence undertaken in Brazilian society. The research follows how violence can go in and out from lives of people that have no formal ties with organized crime, sometimes in a tenuous and perverse way, triggering virtually all spheres of community-life to the point that can be took as a setting for existence itself. The limits of Justice and of the democratic apparatus in a context of vulnerability are displayed, as much as the networks that sustain the involvement with crime. Also the privatization of security in many respects, that lends new meanings to the ideas of restraint and repression. The strategies to address the problem, the changes in the relationships and interactions between the social actors, and their constant negotiations, reveal an intern and shared cosmology, capable of naturalizing violence.

Advisors/Committee Members: Schwarcz, Lilia Katri Moritz.

Subjects/Keywords: Crime; Crime; Ethnography; Etnografia; Justiça; Justice; Juventude; Sociabilidade; Sociability; Violence; Violência; Youth

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Miraglia, P. R. (2008). Cosmologias da violência: entre a regra e a exceção - uma etnografia da desigualdade em São Paulo. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8134/tde-23082011-165139/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Miraglia, Paula Renata. “Cosmologias da violência: entre a regra e a exceção - uma etnografia da desigualdade em São Paulo.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, University of São Paulo. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8134/tde-23082011-165139/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Miraglia, Paula Renata. “Cosmologias da violência: entre a regra e a exceção - uma etnografia da desigualdade em São Paulo.” 2008. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Miraglia PR. Cosmologias da violência: entre a regra e a exceção - uma etnografia da desigualdade em São Paulo. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of São Paulo; 2008. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8134/tde-23082011-165139/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Miraglia PR. Cosmologias da violência: entre a regra e a exceção - uma etnografia da desigualdade em São Paulo. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of São Paulo; 2008. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8134/tde-23082011-165139/ ;

Mid Sweden University

22. Norstedt, Hampus Forss. Non-state crime prevention methods : Preventing youth crime.

Degree: Humanities and Social Sciences, 2021, Mid Sweden University

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-41212

►

The purpose for this qualitative study is to examine the crime prevention strategies against youthcrime within non-state actors' work. As well as obtaining views… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Non-state actors; crime prevention; youth crime; vulnerable areas; Social Sciences; Samhällsvetenskap

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Norstedt, H. F. (2021). Non-state crime prevention methods : Preventing youth crime. (Thesis). Mid Sweden University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-41212

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Norstedt, Hampus Forss. “Non-state crime prevention methods : Preventing youth crime.” 2021. Thesis, Mid Sweden University. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-41212.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Norstedt, Hampus Forss. “Non-state crime prevention methods : Preventing youth crime.” 2021. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Norstedt HF. Non-state crime prevention methods : Preventing youth crime. [Internet] [Thesis]. Mid Sweden University; 2021. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-41212.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Norstedt HF. Non-state crime prevention methods : Preventing youth crime. [Thesis]. Mid Sweden University; 2021. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-41212

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Alberta

23. Taylor, Rebecca A. They Can Take Their Charter of Rights and Shove It: Uncovering the Protection of Children Involved in Prostitution Act's Conditions of Possibility.

Degree: MA, Department of Sociology, 2016, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/c79407x360

► In 1990s Alberta, two discourses about young people pervaded Legislative debates: discourse promoting tougher responses to young offenders, and a rallying cry to protect sexually… (more)

▼ In 1990s Alberta, two discourses about young people pervaded Legislative debates: discourse promoting tougher responses to young offenders, and a rallying cry to protect sexually exploited youth. Both discourses were promoted not only by the same political party (the Progressive Conservative Party), but also by the same politician, Legislative Member Heather Forsyth. This thesis is a social history, tracing the emergence of the Protection of Children Involved in Prostitution Act (PChIP, 1999). To this end, this thesis questions: Why did the Alberta government create specific legislation to deal with sexually exploited young people in 1999?; and How, with protective legislation firmly in place, and growing public and political discourse condemning youth in Alberta, did PChIP gain traction in the Legislature? In this thesis, I argue that, like the white slavery panic in early Canada, the specific actors calling to protect young women in 1990s Alberta drew upon racialized, gendered, and class-based rhetoric. This discourse fueled the creation of legislation protecting a particular subset of young women: middle-upper class, Caucasian girls from “normal, average, every day families” (Children Involved in Prostitution Report 1997, 7). At the same time discourses advocating for both the protection, and punishment of young people were circulating in the media and Legislature, Alberta was also resisting the growing consciousness of children having inalienable rights. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982), the Young Offenders Act (1984), and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) all marked a shift in the way children were understood in Canada. Alberta’s denial of children’s rights emerged in two ways through this research: first, in 1990s Alberta, Progressive Conservative politicians believed that children had too many rights; and second, politicians were willing to violate children’s rights to both protect society from young offenders, and save sexually exploited children. This transgression of children’s rights brings me to the final question this thesis attempts to answer: To what extent can law be employed to ameliorate the social conditions which give rise to such legislation? After more than a decade of investigating the sexual exploitation of children, committees in 1996 were tackling the same social conditions of marginalized women and children, and recommending that the same social supports be strengthened. I follow Carol Smart’s scholarship, which suggests that, rather than ameliorating the patriarchal relations which make legislation such as PChIP necessary, the law reproduces these relations, thus transforming narratives of social change into discourses of legal reform.

Subjects/Keywords: Alberta legislation; Alberta politics; youth prostitution; sexual exploitation; Heather Forsyth; children's rights; youth crime

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Taylor, R. A. (2016). They Can Take Their Charter of Rights and Shove It: Uncovering the Protection of Children Involved in Prostitution Act's Conditions of Possibility. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/c79407x360

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Taylor, Rebecca A. “They Can Take Their Charter of Rights and Shove It: Uncovering the Protection of Children Involved in Prostitution Act's Conditions of Possibility.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/c79407x360.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Taylor, Rebecca A. “They Can Take Their Charter of Rights and Shove It: Uncovering the Protection of Children Involved in Prostitution Act's Conditions of Possibility.” 2016. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Taylor RA. They Can Take Their Charter of Rights and Shove It: Uncovering the Protection of Children Involved in Prostitution Act's Conditions of Possibility. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/c79407x360.

Council of Science Editors:

Taylor RA. They Can Take Their Charter of Rights and Shove It: Uncovering the Protection of Children Involved in Prostitution Act's Conditions of Possibility. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2016. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/c79407x360

University of Toronto

24. Van Wert, Melissa. The Intersection of Child Maltreatment and Behaviour Problems: Implications for Child Welfare Service Providers.

Degree: PhD, 2015, University of Toronto

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/91234

►

Evidence suggests that child maltreatment is associated with externalizing, antisocial, and criminal behaviour, although the mechanisms explaining this association remain poorly understood. The purpose of… (more)

▼

Evidence suggests that child maltreatment is associated with externalizing, antisocial, and criminal behaviour, although the mechanisms explaining this association remain poorly understood. The purpose of this thesis research is twofold: to deepen current understanding of the relationship between maltreatment and behaviour problems, and to understand the potential intervening role of child welfare services in influencing this relationship. With few Canadian studies in this area, an aim of this research is to provide a foundation from which future research can expand. Three academic papers comprise this research. The first paper entails a comprehensive analysis and application of relevant theories to understanding the association between maltreatment and behaviour problems. The second paper utilizes data from the Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (OIS-2013) to examine whether dimensions of maltreatment and cumulative risk explain why certain maltreated young people exhibit behaviour problems and others do not. The third paper uses OIS-2013 data to provide a snapshot of the child welfare services delivered to maltreated children and youth who exhibit aggressive and/or criminal behaviour. The findings indicate that the relationship between maltreatment and behaviour problems is complex and dependent on processes at every level of childrenâ s ecologies. Aggressive children were more likely to experience severe and co-occurring forms of maltreatment and to experience higher levels of cumulative child risks. In adolescence, youth exhibiting aggressive or criminal behaviour commonly experienced abandonment, a form of neglect in which caregivers are not willing or able to remain a caregiver. While aggression in younger children was not associated with an increased likelihood of receiving child welfare services, maltreated adolescents displaying aggressive behaviour were significantly more likely to be placed in out-of-home care, often in restrictive settings. These findings are discussed with respect to their implications for child welfare practitioners, policy makers, administrators, researchers, and educators.

2018-11-10 00:00:00

Advisors/Committee Members: Mishna, Faye, Social Work.

Subjects/Keywords: Behaviour problems; Child maltreatment; Child protection; Child welfare; Youth crime; Youth justice; 0452

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APA (6^th Edition):

Van Wert, M. (2015). The Intersection of Child Maltreatment and Behaviour Problems: Implications for Child Welfare Service Providers. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/91234

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Van Wert, Melissa. “The Intersection of Child Maltreatment and Behaviour Problems: Implications for Child Welfare Service Providers.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Toronto. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/91234.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Van Wert, Melissa. “The Intersection of Child Maltreatment and Behaviour Problems: Implications for Child Welfare Service Providers.” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Van Wert M. The Intersection of Child Maltreatment and Behaviour Problems: Implications for Child Welfare Service Providers. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Toronto; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/91234.

Council of Science Editors:

Van Wert M. The Intersection of Child Maltreatment and Behaviour Problems: Implications for Child Welfare Service Providers. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Toronto; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/91234

University of Ottawa

25. Bradley, Jeffrey. Youth Mentoring as a Viable Crime Prevention Strategy: Evidence and Ontario Policy, with Reflections from Some Mentors .

Degree: 2018, University of Ottawa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37250

► This thesis explored whether youth mentoring could be used as a crime prevention strategy for Ontario. It examined risk factors for youth crime and social… (more)

▼ This thesis explored whether youth mentoring could be used as a crime prevention strategy for Ontario. It examined risk factors for youth crime and social bonding theory, the effectiveness of selected programs to prevent crime and best practices, and Ontario government reports on effective crime prevention. It also explored youth mentoring in practice with some mentors from Big Brothers Big Sisters of Ottawa and Sudbury Ontario. The analysis of the literature on risk factors for youth crime identified a number of individual, relationship, community, and societal level factors that correlate with the likelihood of a young person engaging in crime. Travis Hirschi’s social bonding theory provided a lens to understand the contribution mentoring can have on preventing crime through attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief with parents and schools. The evidence-based research on the effectiveness of selected programs that had a mentoring component showed that the likelihood of offending could be reduced with other well-being indicators. Research on mentoring relationships showed that when mentors focused on the assets of the youth and were committed to the relationship, they could foster a lasting emotional bond. Best practices of an effective youth mentoring program included outreaching to vulnerable youth, involving parents, screening and training mentors, matching mentors and mentees based on background, having mentoring connected to a larger strategy, following a developmental approach, and developing standards for implementation. The recent reports from the Province of Ontario on crime prevention and community safety use much of the same evidence on risk factors and social development programs to confirm that prevention is an effective way to reduce crime. These reports also point to strong public support for government investment in prevention and education over punishment. The semi-structured interviews with mentoring practitioners in Sudbury and Ottawa, Ontario analyzed the methods used by mentors volunteering with high-risk youth in the Big Brothers Big Sisters community-based program. Results showed the organizational procedure, youth and risk factors, the bonding process between mentors and mentees, and challenges of mentoring at-risk youth were important. Mentors had positive beliefs on the impacts mentoring had on preventing crime and violence. Therefore, youth mentoring is a crime prevention strategy consistent with evidence and government reports and so is viable, but will require political support and investment upstream to make a difference across the province.

Subjects/Keywords: Crime Prevention; Social Development; Social Bonding; Youth Mentoring

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bradley, J. (2018). Youth Mentoring as a Viable Crime Prevention Strategy: Evidence and Ontario Policy, with Reflections from Some Mentors . (Thesis). University of Ottawa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37250

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bradley, Jeffrey. “Youth Mentoring as a Viable Crime Prevention Strategy: Evidence and Ontario Policy, with Reflections from Some Mentors .” 2018. Thesis, University of Ottawa. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37250.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bradley, Jeffrey. “Youth Mentoring as a Viable Crime Prevention Strategy: Evidence and Ontario Policy, with Reflections from Some Mentors .” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Bradley J. Youth Mentoring as a Viable Crime Prevention Strategy: Evidence and Ontario Policy, with Reflections from Some Mentors . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37250.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Bradley J. Youth Mentoring as a Viable Crime Prevention Strategy: Evidence and Ontario Policy, with Reflections from Some Mentors . [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37250

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte

26. Santos, Janaina Henrique dos. Entre desvios e normas: infração juvenil feminina na cidade de Natal - RN .

Degree: 2011, Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte

URL: http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/13651

► This paper presents some reflections on the social world of young female transgression. The context corresponds to those ones that obey social and educational measures… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: gênero; juventude; violência; criminalidade; gender; youth; violence; crime

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Santos, J. H. d. (2011). Entre desvios e normas: infração juvenil feminina na cidade de Natal - RN . (Masters Thesis). Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte. Retrieved from http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/13651

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Santos, Janaina Henrique dos. “Entre desvios e normas: infração juvenil feminina na cidade de Natal - RN .” 2011. Masters Thesis, Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/13651.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Santos, Janaina Henrique dos. “Entre desvios e normas: infração juvenil feminina na cidade de Natal - RN .” 2011. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Santos JHd. Entre desvios e normas: infração juvenil feminina na cidade de Natal - RN . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/13651.

Council of Science Editors:

Santos JHd. Entre desvios e normas: infração juvenil feminina na cidade de Natal - RN . [Masters Thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte; 2011. Available from: http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/13651

Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte

27. Santos, Janaina Henrique dos. Entre desvios e normas: infração juvenil feminina na cidade de Natal - RN .

Degree: 2011, Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte

URL: http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/13651

► This paper presents some reflections on the social world of young female transgression. The context corresponds to those ones that obey social and educational measures… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: gênero; juventude; violência; criminalidade; gender; youth; violence; crime

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Santos, J. H. d. (2011). Entre desvios e normas: infração juvenil feminina na cidade de Natal - RN . (Thesis). Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte. Retrieved from http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/13651

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Santos, Janaina Henrique dos. “Entre desvios e normas: infração juvenil feminina na cidade de Natal - RN .” 2011. Thesis, Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/13651.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Santos, Janaina Henrique dos. “Entre desvios e normas: infração juvenil feminina na cidade de Natal - RN .” 2011. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Santos JHd. Entre desvios e normas: infração juvenil feminina na cidade de Natal - RN . [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/13651.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Santos JHd. Entre desvios e normas: infração juvenil feminina na cidade de Natal - RN . [Thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte; 2011. Available from: http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/13651

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Queens University

28. Rojas Gaspar, Christian. Differential Coercion and Homelessness: a Criminological Approach to Homeless Street Youth in Mexico .

Degree: Sociology, 2013, Queens University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8436

► The goal of this research is to explore the relationship between coercion and crime amongst street youths in Mexico. This research relies on Mark Colvin’s… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Crime ; Differential Coercion ; Criminology ; Mexico ; Steet Youth ; Coercion ; Substance Use ; Homelessness

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Rojas Gaspar, C. (2013). Differential Coercion and Homelessness: a Criminological Approach to Homeless Street Youth in Mexico . (Thesis). Queens University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8436

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rojas Gaspar, Christian. “Differential Coercion and Homelessness: a Criminological Approach to Homeless Street Youth in Mexico .” 2013. Thesis, Queens University. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8436.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rojas Gaspar, Christian. “Differential Coercion and Homelessness: a Criminological Approach to Homeless Street Youth in Mexico .” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Rojas Gaspar C. Differential Coercion and Homelessness: a Criminological Approach to Homeless Street Youth in Mexico . [Internet] [Thesis]. Queens University; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8436.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Rojas Gaspar C. Differential Coercion and Homelessness: a Criminological Approach to Homeless Street Youth in Mexico . [Thesis]. Queens University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8436

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

UCLA

29. Dupuy, Danielle Marie. The Impact of Youth Incarceration on Violent Crime and Behavior: an examination of youth arrests, incarceration and recidivism by race among male youth in Los Angeles, California.

Degree: Public Health, 2019, UCLA

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/164283g1

► The number of youth incarcerated in Los Angeles (L.A.) has declined over the past several years, however the significance of this decline is uncertain. As… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Public health; Critical Race Theory; Incarceration; Probation; Recidivism; Violent Crime; Youth

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Dupuy, D. M. (2019). The Impact of Youth Incarceration on Violent Crime and Behavior: an examination of youth arrests, incarceration and recidivism by race among male youth in Los Angeles, California. (Thesis). UCLA. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/164283g1

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dupuy, Danielle Marie. “The Impact of Youth Incarceration on Violent Crime and Behavior: an examination of youth arrests, incarceration and recidivism by race among male youth in Los Angeles, California.” 2019. Thesis, UCLA. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/164283g1.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dupuy, Danielle Marie. “The Impact of Youth Incarceration on Violent Crime and Behavior: an examination of youth arrests, incarceration and recidivism by race among male youth in Los Angeles, California.” 2019. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Dupuy DM. The Impact of Youth Incarceration on Violent Crime and Behavior: an examination of youth arrests, incarceration and recidivism by race among male youth in Los Angeles, California. [Internet] [Thesis]. UCLA; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/164283g1.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Dupuy DM. The Impact of Youth Incarceration on Violent Crime and Behavior: an examination of youth arrests, incarceration and recidivism by race among male youth in Los Angeles, California. [Thesis]. UCLA; 2019. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/164283g1

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

30. Sithole, Thule Angel Qhamukile. An exploration of child offenders in the rural area of Ixopo, KwaZulu-Natal province.

Degree: 2018, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18569

► The problem of child and youth offenders is a worldwide problem generally. Thus, the rural area of Ixopo in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) is no exception to… (more)

▼ The problem of child and youth offenders is a worldwide problem generally. Thus, the rural area of Ixopo in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) is no exception to this problem. The statistics of child offenders in the area of this study has increased rapidly in the past three (03) financial years and the levels of criminal activities that children engage in gets more serious every yearly. This study looks at the contributory factors that underpin child offending within the rural area of Ixopo in KZN. The qualitative research approach was followed in this study and purposive sampling was adopted to gather data from one (01) Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with six (06) Social Workers from the local Department of Social Development (DSD) of Ixopo area. Furthermore, face-to-face Semi-Structured Interviews (SSI) with twelve (12) children in conflict with the law, 12 guardians and parents of these children were utilised. Overall, this study consisted of 30 selected participants. This study also interpreted documents, including the official assessment reports and pre-sentence reports done on these twelve (12) children. The data analysis of this study involved seven stages of phenomenological inquiry. For findings of this study, it was established that the Social workers feel that the issues relating to broken families, lack of resources to ensure proper implementation of the available programs and policies contribute on child offending. It was also reported that the children guardians and parents believe that media influence, economic stress and absence of father figures are the major push factors to child offenders. In collaborations, the high rate of single parents and child headed household were also on top of discussions with the selected participants. In the documentary study, it was evident that these children have lost ambition and consequently see no hope outside the life of crime and they were all school dropouts; this was supported by the consulted literature and legislative framework, which presented the history and development of the Juvenile Justice System (JJS), drawing back from the ancient times up to the present moment. In this analysis, the researcher noted a great transformation, more especially with the Child Justice Act [CJA] (Act No. 75 of 2008) and other introductory governmental policies developed to respond to this subject effectively. In this analysis it was also confirmed that the topic under research is about to reach saturation. However, the present study showed that there was a big gap in the body of knowledge, since there is a lack of studies conducted in the rural areas and this study fills that lacuna. Through this study, it is acknowledged that child offending might be common in nature and extent; however, the circumstances surrounding these practices vary from place-to-place and the intolerable vast environmental factors plays a pivotal role in the high rate of child offenders. For recommendation, the grassroots of child offenders are difficult to determine, since the contributory factors differs but… Advisors/Committee Members: Maluleke, Witness. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Child offenders.; Youth crime.; Social workers.; Children in Ixopo.; School dropouts.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sithole, T. A. Q. (2018). An exploration of child offenders in the rural area of Ixopo, KwaZulu-Natal province. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18569

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sithole, Thule Angel Qhamukile. “An exploration of child offenders in the rural area of Ixopo, KwaZulu-Natal province.” 2018. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18569.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sithole, Thule Angel Qhamukile. “An exploration of child offenders in the rural area of Ixopo, KwaZulu-Natal province.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Sithole TAQ. An exploration of child offenders in the rural area of Ixopo, KwaZulu-Natal province. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18569.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sithole TAQ. An exploration of child offenders in the rural area of Ixopo, KwaZulu-Natal province. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2018. Available from: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18569

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations