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Leiden University
1.
Tol, Esther van.
De Nederlandse marine en de bestrijding van de trans-Atlantische slavenhandel in de eerste helft van de negentiende eeuw.
Degree: 2015, Leiden University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1887/37724
De inzet van de Nederlandse marine in de strijd tegen de illegale trans-Atlantische slavenhandel na de ondertekening van het Brits- Nederlands verdrag ter wering van de slavenhandel op 4 mei 1818.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dissel, A.M.C. van (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Marine; West-Afrika; West-Indië; Illegale slavenhandel
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
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APA (6th Edition):
Tol, E. v. (2015). De Nederlandse marine en de bestrijding van de trans-Atlantische slavenhandel in de eerste helft van de negentiende eeuw. (Masters Thesis). Leiden University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1887/37724
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Tol, Esther van. “De Nederlandse marine en de bestrijding van de trans-Atlantische slavenhandel in de eerste helft van de negentiende eeuw.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Leiden University. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1887/37724.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Tol, Esther van. “De Nederlandse marine en de bestrijding van de trans-Atlantische slavenhandel in de eerste helft van de negentiende eeuw.” 2015. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Tol Ev. De Nederlandse marine en de bestrijding van de trans-Atlantische slavenhandel in de eerste helft van de negentiende eeuw. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Leiden University; 2015. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1887/37724.
Council of Science Editors:
Tol Ev. De Nederlandse marine en de bestrijding van de trans-Atlantische slavenhandel in de eerste helft van de negentiende eeuw. [Masters Thesis]. Leiden University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1887/37724
2.
Singletary, Jennifer E.
Non-Anthropomorphic Gods? Manufactured Entities and Divine
Qualities and Attributes Characterized As Gods in the Textual
Evidence from Ancient Mesopotamia, Syria, North Arabia, Palestine,
and Elephantine.
Degree: PhD, Religious Studies, 2014, Brown University
URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:386227/
► "Non-Anthropomorphic Gods? Manufactured Entities and Divine Qualities and Attributes Characterized As Gods in the Textual Evidence from Ancient Mesopotamia, Syria, North Arabia, Palestine, and Elephantine"…
(more)
▼ "Non-Anthropomorphic Gods? Manufactured Entities and
Divine Qualities and Attributes Characterized As Gods in the
Textual Evidence from Ancient Mesopotamia, Syria, North Arabia,
Palestine, and Elephantine" examines the characterization of
manufactured entities, divine qualities, and divine attributes as
gods in texts from ancient
West Asia and Elephantine. This study
argues that many previous reconstructions of the pantheons of sites
in ancient
West Asia and Elephantine have marginalized these
entities due to the lack of an explicit, cross-culturally
applicable, scholarly definition for the category of god. After
analyzing previous studies of this phenomenon in texts from ancient
Mesopotamia and critiquing the problematic distinction between
anthropomorphic and non-anthropomorphic gods assumed by prior
studies, this project examines manufactured entities, divine
qualities, and divine attributes characterized as gods in texts
from Ebla, Alalakh, Emar, and Ugarit from the third and second
millennia BCE, and in texts from Syria, North Arabia, Palestine,
and Elephantine from the first millennium BCE. Demonstrating that
manufactured entities, divine qualities, and divine attributes are
characterized in similar ways to gods conceptualized with
human-like forms throughout ancient
West Asia and in Elephantine,
this study argues that both types of gods are attributed
anthropomorphic psychological qualities, indicating that there are
actually no non-anthropomorphic gods. Comparing this phenomenon
cross-culturally and using recent research in the cognitive science
of religion by Todd Tremlin, Ilkka Pyysiäinen, Pascal Boyer, and
others, this study highlights the commonalities between conceptions
of manufactured entities, divine qualities, and divine attributes
as gods and gods with human-like forms, proposing the re-definition
of the scholarly category of gods as independent, counterintuitive,
intentional agents. This study concludes that the similarities
between the mental mechanisms and templates that produce both
ancient and modern god concepts eliminate the need to posit
fundamental differences in the minds, cognition, or worldviews of
modern scholars and ancient people who included manufactured
entities, divine qualities, and divine attributes alongside gods
with human-like forms in their pantheons.
Advisors/Committee Members: Olyan, Saul (Director), Rutz, Matthew (Reader), Stowers, Stanley (Reader).
Subjects/Keywords: Ancient West Asia
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Singletary, J. E. (2014). Non-Anthropomorphic Gods? Manufactured Entities and Divine
Qualities and Attributes Characterized As Gods in the Textual
Evidence from Ancient Mesopotamia, Syria, North Arabia, Palestine,
and Elephantine. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:386227/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Singletary, Jennifer E. “Non-Anthropomorphic Gods? Manufactured Entities and Divine
Qualities and Attributes Characterized As Gods in the Textual
Evidence from Ancient Mesopotamia, Syria, North Arabia, Palestine,
and Elephantine.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Brown University. Accessed February 28, 2021.
https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:386227/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Singletary, Jennifer E. “Non-Anthropomorphic Gods? Manufactured Entities and Divine
Qualities and Attributes Characterized As Gods in the Textual
Evidence from Ancient Mesopotamia, Syria, North Arabia, Palestine,
and Elephantine.” 2014. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Singletary JE. Non-Anthropomorphic Gods? Manufactured Entities and Divine
Qualities and Attributes Characterized As Gods in the Textual
Evidence from Ancient Mesopotamia, Syria, North Arabia, Palestine,
and Elephantine. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brown University; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:386227/.
Council of Science Editors:
Singletary JE. Non-Anthropomorphic Gods? Manufactured Entities and Divine
Qualities and Attributes Characterized As Gods in the Textual
Evidence from Ancient Mesopotamia, Syria, North Arabia, Palestine,
and Elephantine. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brown University; 2014. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:386227/

Addis Ababa University
3.
MESERET, TSIGE ABEBE.
ISOLATING WOMEN AT TIMES OF LABOUR
.
Degree: 2012, Addis Ababa University
URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/3486
► Studies pertaining to the influence of culture on reproductive health in Ethiopia are limited. This study explores the practice of isolating women at times of…
(more)
▼ Studies pertaining to the influence of culture on reproductive health in Ethiopia are limited.
This study explores the practice of isolating women at times of labour and its reproductive
health outcomes. The study is also concerned about identifying the social position of women
in Gumuz society due to its importance to identify the health status of women and why the
practice is sustained in the society. In order to attain the study objective, exploratory
qualitative case study design of inquiry was applied using in-depth interview with women
participants and key informants. Documentary films and document analysis are also used
as instruments of data collection. The finding of the study revealed that Gumuz mothers
deliver outside home without any midwives in bushes, pinches or near rivers. Some of the
behind reasons for the sustenance of the practice are it is believed that if women deliver at
home, the blood drop may call the anger of Musa (Supreme God of the people) and the
cultural belief advised mothers to manage delivery by them to be a strong mother who can
capably accomplish a women’s role. From this study the following conclusions are
developed. Gumuz mother’s isolation at the time of delivery usually followed by morbidity,
mortality. It is also a cause to infant mortality. Their access to health care services
particularly during labour and delivery is highly constrained by the traditional belief the
people have towards pregnancy and child birth as well as the long established usage of
herbal medication system and scarcity of health care posts in the study area. Accordingly
the researcher recommended awareness creation works on the recognition of women’s rights
as human rights. Designing a distinguished maternal health policy for the country,
women’s economic empowerment, domesticating international human rights in the local
contexts up to the extent of illegalizing the practice, and working on the expansion
Advisors/Committee Members: Mulumebet Zenebe (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: MANDURA, NORTH;
WEST
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
MESERET, T. A. (2012). ISOLATING WOMEN AT TIMES OF LABOUR
. (Thesis). Addis Ababa University. Retrieved from http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/3486
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
MESERET, TSIGE ABEBE. “ISOLATING WOMEN AT TIMES OF LABOUR
.” 2012. Thesis, Addis Ababa University. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/3486.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
MESERET, TSIGE ABEBE. “ISOLATING WOMEN AT TIMES OF LABOUR
.” 2012. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
MESERET TA. ISOLATING WOMEN AT TIMES OF LABOUR
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/3486.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
MESERET TA. ISOLATING WOMEN AT TIMES OF LABOUR
. [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2012. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/3486
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Ghana
4.
Bamba, R.
The Emerging Threats of Terrorism in West Africa: An Analysis of Ghana’s Response
.
Degree: 2014, University of Ghana
URL: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/27452
► Major events, throughout history, have necessitated some response from humanity. One of such major events that appear to have changed the global security scene was…
(more)
▼ Major events, throughout history, have necessitated some response from humanity. One of such major events that appear to have changed the global security scene was the September 11, 2001 attack on the United States by Al Qaeda terrorist group. Although many countries across the world started putting measures in place to address the resurging global terrorist threats, West Africa seemed to have been oblivious of the need to do same until the emergence of terrorist groups like AQIM, Ansaru, Ansar Al Dine and Boko Haram. These groups have intensified their terrorist activities in countries such as Mali, Mauritania and Nigeria, with the activities of most of these terror groups transcending national boundaries. With the potential of Ghana becoming a target for terrorists, this study analyses Ghana’s response to the emerging threats of terrorism in West Africa. The work investigates some of the mechanisms established by Ghana to prevent, counter or combat terrorism, and the adequacy of the measures put in place. Analysis of available data points to the fact that there are no terrorist groups or cells in Ghana, though there are some conditions that make Ghana vulnerable to terrorism. The research also reveals that Ghana has instituted some measures in the form of legislations, intelligence gathering and combat units to deal with any threat of terrorism. These measures, however, have some shortcomings that need to be tackled if Ghana is to succeed in preventing terrorism or effectively fighting it if it occurs. The work thus, proffers both long term and short term recommendations for policy consideration towards preventing terrorism in Ghana. These include the adoption of sound economic policies to address human security challenges, the introduction of political reforms to ensure participatory and all-inclusive political system and the provision of logistics and funding for agencies and institutions set up specifically for counter-terrorism. The study also recommends semi-autonomy for some of the frontline agencies like the NCRC and the FIC to enable them have some freedom of action to enhance their effectiveness. Additionally, the research recommends increased public education on terrorism by institutions like the NCCA, the Media Commission and the Ghana Education Service.
Subjects/Keywords: Terrorism;
West Africa
Record Details
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Bamba, R. (2014). The Emerging Threats of Terrorism in West Africa: An Analysis of Ghana’s Response
. (Masters Thesis). University of Ghana. Retrieved from http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/27452
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bamba, R. “The Emerging Threats of Terrorism in West Africa: An Analysis of Ghana’s Response
.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Ghana. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/27452.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bamba, R. “The Emerging Threats of Terrorism in West Africa: An Analysis of Ghana’s Response
.” 2014. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Bamba R. The Emerging Threats of Terrorism in West Africa: An Analysis of Ghana’s Response
. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Ghana; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/27452.
Council of Science Editors:
Bamba R. The Emerging Threats of Terrorism in West Africa: An Analysis of Ghana’s Response
. [Masters Thesis]. University of Ghana; 2014. Available from: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/27452

University of Ghana
5.
Bamba, R.
The Emerging Threats Of Terrorism In West Africa : An Analysis of Ghana’s Response.
Degree: 2014, University of Ghana
URL: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/27580
► Major events, throughout history, have necessitated some response from humanity. One of such major events that appear to have changed the global security scene was…
(more)
▼ Major events, throughout history, have necessitated some response from humanity. One of such major events that appear to have changed the global security scene was the September 11, 2001 attack on the United States by Al Qaeda terrorist group. Although many countries across the world started putting measures in place to address the resurging global terrorist threats, West Africa seemed to have been oblivious of the need to do same until the emergence of terrorist groups like AQIM, Ansaru, Ansar Al Dine and Boko Haram. These groups have intensified their terrorist activities in countries such as Mali, Mauritania and Nigeria, with the activities of most of these terror groups transcending national boundaries. With the potential of Ghana becoming a target for terrorists, this study analyses Ghana’s response to the emerging threats of terrorism in West Africa. The work investigates some of the mechanisms established by Ghana to prevent, counter or combat terrorism, and the adequacy of the measures put in place. Analysis of available data points to the fact that there are no terrorist groups or cells in Ghana, though there are some conditions that make Ghana vulnerable to terrorism. The research also reveals that Ghana has instituted some measures in the form of legislations, intelligence gathering and combat units to deal with any threat of terrorism. These measures, however, have some shortcomings that need to be tackled if Ghana is to succeed in preventing terrorism or effectively fighting it if it occurs. The work thus, proffers both long term and short term recommendations for policy consideration towards preventing terrorism in Ghana. These include the adoption of sound economic policies to address human security challenges, the introduction of political reforms to ensure participatory and all-inclusive political system and the provision of logistics and funding for agencies and institutions set up specifically for counter-terrorism. The study also recommends semi-autonomy for some of the frontline agencies like the NCRC and the FIC to enable them have some freedom of action to enhance their effectiveness. Additionally, the research recommends increased public education on terrorism by institutions like the NCCA, the Media Commission and the Ghana Education Service.
Subjects/Keywords: Terrorism;
West Africa
Record Details
Similar Records
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Share »
Record Details
Similar Records
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« Share





❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Bamba, R. (2014). The Emerging Threats Of Terrorism In West Africa : An Analysis of Ghana’s Response.
(Masters Thesis). University of Ghana. Retrieved from http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/27580
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bamba, R. “The Emerging Threats Of Terrorism In West Africa : An Analysis of Ghana’s Response.
” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Ghana. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/27580.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bamba, R. “The Emerging Threats Of Terrorism In West Africa : An Analysis of Ghana’s Response.
” 2014. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Bamba R. The Emerging Threats Of Terrorism In West Africa : An Analysis of Ghana’s Response.
[Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Ghana; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/27580.
Council of Science Editors:
Bamba R. The Emerging Threats Of Terrorism In West Africa : An Analysis of Ghana’s Response.
[Masters Thesis]. University of Ghana; 2014. Available from: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/27580

University of Ghana
6.
Ofori, F.
The Challenges and Prospects of Regional Security Cooperation in West Africa
.
Degree: 2014, University of Ghana
URL: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/27448
► Established in 1975 as a platform for accelerating the pace of economic development of West African states, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)…
(more)
▼ Established in 1975 as a platform for accelerating the pace of economic development of West African states, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has grappled with several issue areas for approximately the past four decades. Originally pre-occupied with market-driven objectives that emphasize trade liberalization, ECOWAS has been confronted with resolving the myriad of security challenges that confront the sub-region. Mindful of the interconnectedness of security to economic development, therefore, ECOWAS has also focused its resources on regional security cooperation in the light of the interdependence of the security profiles of West African states especially in the post-Cold War international system. Employing a qualitative analysis of existing literature on security cooperation-regional integration, this work examines regional security cooperation through the prism of the Protocol relating to the Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management, Resolution, Peacekeeping and Security adopted in December 1999, and that of its Supplementary Protocol on Democracy and Good governance incepted in 2001. This research delineates the historical evolution of security mechanisms of ECOWAS since its establishment, focusing on how the new wars of the post-Cold War era exposed the security challenges of West Africa and how that culminated in the 1999 Security Mechanism. This research contends that although the aforesaid Protocols hold lots of promise based on its emphasis on operational mechanisms such as early warning systems and the institutionalization of good governance, the lack of political commitment by leaders in West Africa coupled with poor implementation record, among others, could scuttle the benign promise of the Protocol. To enable an effectual implementation of the Protocol and for that matter, a formidable security profile of West African states, this research recommends an emphasis on good governance and demonstrable political commitment towards a safe West African sub-region.
Subjects/Keywords: Security;
West Africa
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Ofori, F. (2014). The Challenges and Prospects of Regional Security Cooperation in West Africa
. (Masters Thesis). University of Ghana. Retrieved from http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/27448
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ofori, F. “The Challenges and Prospects of Regional Security Cooperation in West Africa
.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Ghana. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/27448.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ofori, F. “The Challenges and Prospects of Regional Security Cooperation in West Africa
.” 2014. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Ofori F. The Challenges and Prospects of Regional Security Cooperation in West Africa
. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Ghana; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/27448.
Council of Science Editors:
Ofori F. The Challenges and Prospects of Regional Security Cooperation in West Africa
. [Masters Thesis]. University of Ghana; 2014. Available from: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/27448

University of Debrecen
7.
Tóth, Bence János.
Images of the West in American Advertising
.
Degree: DE – TEK – Bölcsészettudományi Kar, 2013, University of Debrecen
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2437/156350
► Before beginning my research on this topic, I had little knowledge about the process that led to the enormous popularity and presence of the West…
(more)
▼ Before beginning my research on this topic, I had little knowledge about the process that led to the enormous popularity and presence of the
West in American culture. I was well acquainted with the imagery of Western movies and cowboys even not being an American. It was somehow unclear how the
West, one specific region of the United States, became this popular and widely used in American culture, so I tried to find the roots of this phenomenon.
Advisors/Committee Members: Varró, Gabriella (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: West;
advertising;
America
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Record Details
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Tóth, B. J. (2013). Images of the West in American Advertising
. (Thesis). University of Debrecen. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2437/156350
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Tóth, Bence János. “Images of the West in American Advertising
.” 2013. Thesis, University of Debrecen. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2437/156350.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Tóth, Bence János. “Images of the West in American Advertising
.” 2013. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Tóth BJ. Images of the West in American Advertising
. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Debrecen; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2437/156350.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Tóth BJ. Images of the West in American Advertising
. [Thesis]. University of Debrecen; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2437/156350
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Hawaii – Manoa
8.
Roe, Kelsey Olds.
Characterization of the markers of blood-brain barrier disruption in West Nile virus infected mice.
Degree: 2016, University of Hawaii – Manoa
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101576
► M.S. University of Hawaii at Manoa 2011.
Purpose: West Nile virus (WNV) disease is characterized by neuronal loss, neuroinflammation and increased permeability of the blood-brain…
(more)
▼ M.S. University of Hawaii at Manoa 2011.
Purpose: West Nile virus (WNV) disease is characterized by neuronal loss, neuroinflammation and increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Several in vivo studies demonstrate that BBB disruption and virus replication in the brain correlates with mortality associated with WNV-encephalitis. BBB integrity is maintained through complex interactions between the tight junction proteins (TJP), adherens junction proteins (AJP) of the microvascular endothelial cells (EC). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases that are known to degrade components of the basal lamina of the BBB as well as multiple TJP, contributing to BBB disruption in several neuroinflammatory diseases. Our previous in vitro studies demonstrated that multiple MMPs secreted by WNV-infected astrocytes degrade TJP of the EC and compromise the integrity of the in vitro BBB model. However, the precise mechanisms underlying BBB disruption in vivo, specifically the kinetics of the morphological changes in tight junctions of the BBB and the relationship of BBB breakdown with virus replication in the brain are unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the in vivo effect of WNV infection on the BBB integrity markers in the mouse brain.
Methods: Ten-week old C57BL/6 mice were inoculated via footpad with 100 PFU of WNV and serum, spleen, kidney, and brain tissues were collected at days 2, 4, 6 and 8 after infection. In addition, BBB permeability was assessed using Evan's blue dye at days 6 and 8 after infection. Expression of TJP, AJP and MMP was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR, ELISA, Western blotting or immunohistochemical staining. A separate group of mice were inoculated via the intracranial route with 100 PFU of WNV, and brains were harvested at day 6 for analysis of TJP, AJP, and MMPs.
Results: Peak peripheral viremia was observed at day 3 after infection and the virus was mostly cleared by day 6. In the brain, WNV was not detected at day 3 after infection, however robust virus replication was observed at day 6 and 8 after infection. Leakage of Evans blue dye into the brain was minimal at day 6 after infection, and became intense at day 8 after infection, suggesting disruption of the BBB. The mRNA levels of TJP (claudin-1, occludin, zonula occludin-1 (ZO-1), and junctioanl adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A)) and AJP (VE-cadherin and β-catenin) in the brain did not alter at any time point after infection. Although there was no significant change in the protein level of TJP or AJP at day 4 after infection, these proteins decreased slightly in the WNV-infected brain at day 6 after infection, which became more pronounced and significant at day 8 after infection. These results were validated using immunostaining of brain sections at day 8 after infection. Similarly, at day 8 after infection, the mRNA and protein expressions of MMP-1,-3, and-9 in WNV-infected brain increased significantly and correlated with high WNV titers in the brain. Assay of MMP-9 in the…
Subjects/Keywords: West Nile virus
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Record Details
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Roe, K. O. (2016). Characterization of the markers of blood-brain barrier disruption in West Nile virus infected mice. (Thesis). University of Hawaii – Manoa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101576
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Roe, Kelsey Olds. “Characterization of the markers of blood-brain barrier disruption in West Nile virus infected mice.” 2016. Thesis, University of Hawaii – Manoa. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101576.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Roe, Kelsey Olds. “Characterization of the markers of blood-brain barrier disruption in West Nile virus infected mice.” 2016. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Roe KO. Characterization of the markers of blood-brain barrier disruption in West Nile virus infected mice. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hawaii – Manoa; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101576.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Roe KO. Characterization of the markers of blood-brain barrier disruption in West Nile virus infected mice. [Thesis]. University of Hawaii – Manoa; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101576
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Hawaii – Manoa
9.
Kumar, Mukesh.
Diabetes as a risk factor for West Nile virus-associated encephalitis.
Degree: 2016, University of Hawaii – Manoa
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101980
► Ph.D. University of Hawaii at Manoa 2013.
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis (WNVE), the leading cause…
(more)
▼ Ph.D. University of Hawaii at Manoa 2013.
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis (WNVE), the leading cause of arboviral encephalitis in the U.S. However, no experimental studies have elucidated the role of diabetes in WNV neuropathogenesis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to employ a diabetic mouse model, db/db, and evaluate the progression of WNV disease as well as the resultant host antiviral immune response to better understand WNV immunopathogenesis in diabetics.
Methods: db/db mice and wild-type (WT) mice were inoculated with 10 PFU of WNV and clinical symptoms and mortality were observed for 21 days. Virus burden in the serum, peripheral organs and brain was analyzed by plaque assay. Host immune responses such as interferon, antibodies production, leukocyte infiltration, expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAM) and levels of cytokines and chemokines in the serum and brain were determined by qRT-PCR, WB, ELISA, Luminex assay, PCR arrays and flow cytometry. Further, activation of astrocytes and neuronal death were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay.
Results: Our results demonstrate that db/db mice were highly susceptible to WNV disease, exhibited increased tissue tropism and mortality than the WT mice, and were unable to clear the infection. Increased and sustained WNV replication was observed in the serum, peripheral tissues and brain of db/db mice. Antiviral immune response was impaired in db/db mice as characterized by delayed induction of IFN-α, significantly reduced levels of WNV-specific antibodies and reduced infiltration of immune cells in the brain. db/db mice exhibited attenuated expression of CAM such as Eselectin, and ICAM-1, which correlated with reduced immune cells recruitment in the brain. WNV infection in db/db mice was also associated with enhanced inflammatory response in the serum and brain. Elevated levels of cytokines correlated with increase in astrocytes activation and neuronal damage in the brain of db/db mice.
Conclusion: These data suggest that compromised immune response coupled with failure to clear virus leads to increased mortality in db/db mice. Our findings provide direct experimental evidence of diabetes as a risk factor for WNVE and provide unique mechanistic insight into the immunopathogenesis of WNVE in diabetics.
Subjects/Keywords: West Nile virus
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MLA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Kumar, M. (2016). Diabetes as a risk factor for West Nile virus-associated encephalitis. (Thesis). University of Hawaii – Manoa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101980
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kumar, Mukesh. “Diabetes as a risk factor for West Nile virus-associated encephalitis.” 2016. Thesis, University of Hawaii – Manoa. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101980.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kumar, Mukesh. “Diabetes as a risk factor for West Nile virus-associated encephalitis.” 2016. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Kumar M. Diabetes as a risk factor for West Nile virus-associated encephalitis. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hawaii – Manoa; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101980.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Kumar M. Diabetes as a risk factor for West Nile virus-associated encephalitis. [Thesis]. University of Hawaii – Manoa; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101980
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Texas A&M University
10.
Laine, Christopher Glen.
Mathematical Modeling the Zoonotic and Vector Transmission Dynamics of West Nile virus as They Relate to Human Morbidity and Mortality.
Degree: Doctor of Public Health, Epidemiology and Environmental Health, 2014, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153915
► West Nile virus (WNV), an arthropod-borne flavivirus, naturally circulates between passeriform birds and mosquitoes. Other vertebrates, such as humans, may become infected during the bloodmeal…
(more)
▼ West Nile virus (WNV), an arthropod-borne flavivirus, naturally circulates between passeriform birds and mosquitoes. Other vertebrates, such as humans, may become infected during the bloodmeal of infectious mosquitoes. WNV initially invaded New York in 1999, rapidly swept
west across the North American continent, and is now endemic across the continental United States. The focus of this study was to use mathematical modeling, for improving current public health understanding on how infectious cycles of birds and mosquitoes, infection and cross-infection, and environmental dynamics of WNV, along with human pathology, influences human morbidity and mortality in the Dallas, Tarrant, and Denton counties of Texas.
During a comprehensive literature review of WNV, avian pathophysiology, public health entomology, human pathophysiology, and epidemiology, we proposed a novel mathematical model. Subsequently, we developed an epidemic model of the WNV dynamics, in the avian host (American crow), mosquito vector (Culex), and two age classifications of humans (≤39 & ≥40). The bifurcation of human age was conducted due to the risk of humans developing neuroinvasive disease increases 1.5X for every decade of life. We also divided human infected classes into asymptomatic,
West Nile Fever (WNF), and
West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND), as WNND is the only fatal form. The model was then calibrated to observed data, from the endemic years between 2003-1012. A sensitivity analysis of each individual variable and parameter was conducted to test influence on human morbidity and mortality. Focusing on the most sensitive variables, we conducted a multivariate analysis, in which we formulated situations such as drought, avian concentration and population fragmentation, insecticide usage, larvae side usage, and habitat modification through the reduction of standing water.
We were able to successfully simulate the endemic years, and outbreaks, between 2003 and 2012, but underestimated the outbreak year of 2012. This model illustrates the observed link between infected mosquito densities to human health outcomes. Climate changes that effect the mosquito population and their interaction with humans have been shown to be important factors influencing human morbidity and mortality. In the future this model may also be useful in predicting the effect of various disease control strategies.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lillibridge, Scott R (advisor), Bissett, Wesley (committee member), Cizmas, Leslie (committee member), Tekwe, Carmen (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: West Nile virus; West Nile virus epidemiology; West Nile virus disease modeling; West Nile virus mathematical modeling; neuroinvasive West Nile virus
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
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APA (6th Edition):
Laine, C. G. (2014). Mathematical Modeling the Zoonotic and Vector Transmission Dynamics of West Nile virus as They Relate to Human Morbidity and Mortality. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153915
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Laine, Christopher Glen. “Mathematical Modeling the Zoonotic and Vector Transmission Dynamics of West Nile virus as They Relate to Human Morbidity and Mortality.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153915.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Laine, Christopher Glen. “Mathematical Modeling the Zoonotic and Vector Transmission Dynamics of West Nile virus as They Relate to Human Morbidity and Mortality.” 2014. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Laine CG. Mathematical Modeling the Zoonotic and Vector Transmission Dynamics of West Nile virus as They Relate to Human Morbidity and Mortality. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153915.
Council of Science Editors:
Laine CG. Mathematical Modeling the Zoonotic and Vector Transmission Dynamics of West Nile virus as They Relate to Human Morbidity and Mortality. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153915
11.
Stenger, John Edward.
Factors Affecting Grapevine Establishment in Northern Production Regions.
Degree: 2011, North Dakota State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10365/29211
► Two experiments were conducted to detect differences in growth and cold hardiness during establishment of northern grown wine grapevines. One experiment tested the use of…
(more)
▼ Two experiments were conducted to detect differences in growth and cold hardiness during establishment of northern grown wine grapevines. One experiment tested the use of four grow tube treatments and two pruning levels on vine establishment in the upper Midwest. The variables included leaf area, stem height, root growth, phenology, and hardiness. Overall, few significant differences occurred among treatments where grow tubes were utilized. In the second season, vines without grow tubes had superior measurements in nearly all leaf area categories. For this reason, it is recommended that growers refrain from grow tube use during establishment in northern growing regions. Vines pruned to three buds after transplanting varied little from those without pruning. For this reason, it is recommended that growers utilize the most efficient early pruning strategy for their particular situation. Another experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of different weed control measures. This experiment compared three kinds of mulches and an herbicide treatment on the growth and establishment of four wine grape varieties. Annual weed control, plant growth, phenology, soil water content and temperature, and vine hardiness were measured. Overall, vines receiving mulch had more consistent annual weed control and reduced early season growth when compared to chemically treated vines. For this reason, mulch is recommended in the vineyard for annual weed control during establishment in situations where vigor is not unacceptably low.
Subjects/Keywords: Grapes – Middle West.; Grapes – Middle West – Growth.; Grapes – Climatic factors – Middle West.; Grapes – Weed control – Middle West.; Viticulture – Middle West.
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Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
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Export
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APA (6th Edition):
Stenger, J. E. (2011). Factors Affecting Grapevine Establishment in Northern Production Regions. (Thesis). North Dakota State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10365/29211
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Stenger, John Edward. “Factors Affecting Grapevine Establishment in Northern Production Regions.” 2011. Thesis, North Dakota State University. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10365/29211.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Stenger, John Edward. “Factors Affecting Grapevine Establishment in Northern Production Regions.” 2011. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Stenger JE. Factors Affecting Grapevine Establishment in Northern Production Regions. [Internet] [Thesis]. North Dakota State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10365/29211.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Stenger JE. Factors Affecting Grapevine Establishment in Northern Production Regions. [Thesis]. North Dakota State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10365/29211
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

East Carolina University
12.
Ganak, Megan E.
Stratigraphy and Petroleum Geology of the Blue Monday
Sandstone Central West Virginia.
Degree: 2011, East Carolina University
URL: http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/listing.aspx?styp=ti&id=14581
► The Upper Mississippian Blue Monday sandstone is a primarily gas producing unit found in several central West Virginia gas fields. The purpose of this study…
(more)
▼ The Upper Mississippian Blue Monday sandstone is a
primarily gas producing unit found in several central
West Virginia
gas fields. The purpose of this study was to characterize the
stratigraphy and petroleum geology as well as establishing the
depositional setting. Stratigraphically with the underlying
Lillydale Shale (Pencil Cave) it occupies a position between the
Greenbrier Limestone (Big Lime) below and the Reynolds Limestone
Member of the Bluefield Formation (Little Lime) above. In the study
area it was deposited as a sheet sand from anastamosing fluvial
channels flowing into the Bluefield Sea with a delta/barrier system
to the south. This was deposited during the regressive sequence
between the transgressive Pencil Cave and Little Lime. The
Blue Monday sandstone has been a prolific producer in the past and
remains a secondary target for exploration. Production data for
wells completed only in the Blue Monday are sparse as Blue Monday
sandstone production is typically commingled with production from
other zones. Well log porosity in the Blue Monday sandstone ranges
from one to twenty percent. Well logs exemplify the fact that the
sand has lenses of more and less porous material indicating flow
unit differentiation. Production might be enhanced by hydraulic or
chemical fracturing. The highest well log porosities were not
always found in the channels which may be due to diagenetic factors
such as cementation or the presence of shale interbeds. ;
Geology, Blue Monday sandstone, Late Mississippian, Petroleum,
Stratigraphy
Advisors/Committee Members: Donald W. Neal (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Petroleum – Geology – West Virginia; Sandstone – West Virginia; Formations (Geology) – West Virginia; Geology, Stratigraphic; Event stratigraphy – West Virginia; Aluvium – West Virginia
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Ganak, M. E. (2011). Stratigraphy and Petroleum Geology of the Blue Monday
Sandstone Central West Virginia. (Masters Thesis). East Carolina University. Retrieved from http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/listing.aspx?styp=ti&id=14581
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ganak, Megan E. “Stratigraphy and Petroleum Geology of the Blue Monday
Sandstone Central West Virginia.” 2011. Masters Thesis, East Carolina University. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/listing.aspx?styp=ti&id=14581.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ganak, Megan E. “Stratigraphy and Petroleum Geology of the Blue Monday
Sandstone Central West Virginia.” 2011. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Ganak ME. Stratigraphy and Petroleum Geology of the Blue Monday
Sandstone Central West Virginia. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. East Carolina University; 2011. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/listing.aspx?styp=ti&id=14581.
Council of Science Editors:
Ganak ME. Stratigraphy and Petroleum Geology of the Blue Monday
Sandstone Central West Virginia. [Masters Thesis]. East Carolina University; 2011. Available from: http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/listing.aspx?styp=ti&id=14581

Stellenbosch University
13.
Olowu, Akinseye Uwem.
Public policy and entrepreneurship performance : the divide and nexus in West Africa.
Degree: PhD, 2019, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/107197
► ENGLISH SUMMARY : This study examined the effect of selected public policies on entrepreneurship activities in the anglophone and francophone divides of West Africa in…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH SUMMARY : This study examined the effect of selected public policies on entrepreneurship activities in the anglophone and francophone divides of West Africa in order to determine the nexus of performance, using several analytic techniques. Based on previous studies, a region specific framework for measuring entrepreneurship at national levels was developed otherwise known as TEA. The data used were obtained from both secondary and primary sources originating from institutional organisations and ethnographic research in ten selected countries from 2000 to 2018. Among other findings between the phenomena investigated, the study established the link between macroeconomic policy instruments and their implications on entrepreneurship in the business environments of West African countries. From the analysis of TEA, the anglophone divide was found to be more entrepreneurship enhancing than the francophone divide, however, the economies in the region were all factor driven. The enacted entrepreneurship policies in countries show that the governments in both divides have made entrepreneurship a policy focus. Nevertheless, many of the efforts made have been largely supported by the government in the anglophone divide, while the francophone divide has been more open to private sector participation in its drive to promote entrepreneurship. However, it was also found that most of the entrepreneurship initiatives in the countries focused more on the agricultural sector and development of SMEs. The empirical evidence reveals that, while monetary policy was more significant in promoting TEA in the anglophone divide, fiscal policy did better in the francophone divide. Government expenditure on infrastructure had a positive and most significant relationship with TEA in the short and long run results across the region. Therefore, public policy should focus on infrastructural development, financial support and maintain an effective regulatory framework for entrepreneurship activities. The study recommends that governments should harness, formulate and execute the best of monetary and fiscal policies in West African countries. The contribution of the private sector partnership in the drive to promote entrepreneurship should also be encouraged so that the economies in the countries can aim towards innovative and efficient competitiveness in democratic societies.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Geen opsomming beskikbaar.
Doctoral
Advisors/Committee Members: Ijeoma, Edwin, Fanta, Ashenafi, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. University of Stellenbosch Business School..
Subjects/Keywords: Entrepreneurship – Government policy – Africa, West; Monetary policy – Africa, West; Fiscal policy – Africa, West; UCTD
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Olowu, A. U. (2019). Public policy and entrepreneurship performance : the divide and nexus in West Africa. (Doctoral Dissertation). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/107197
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Olowu, Akinseye Uwem. “Public policy and entrepreneurship performance : the divide and nexus in West Africa.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Stellenbosch University. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/107197.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Olowu, Akinseye Uwem. “Public policy and entrepreneurship performance : the divide and nexus in West Africa.” 2019. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Olowu AU. Public policy and entrepreneurship performance : the divide and nexus in West Africa. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2019. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/107197.
Council of Science Editors:
Olowu AU. Public policy and entrepreneurship performance : the divide and nexus in West Africa. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/107197

Rhodes University
14.
Bangura, Lamin.
Adjustment of commercial banks' interest rates and the effectiveness of monetary policy: evidence from Anglophone West Africa.
Degree: Faculty of Commerce, Economics and Economic History, 2011, Rhodes University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002685
► Most central banks use short-term interest rates as their main instrument of monetary policy. It is assumed that a change in policy rate will influence…
(more)
▼ Most central banks use short-term interest rates as their main instrument of monetary policy. It is assumed that a change in policy rate will influence interest rates set by commercial banks, but this is not usually the case. Commercial banks adjust their interest rates in response to changes in policy rate with lags, which make their interest rates sticky. Stickiness in commercial banks interest rates have been seen as an obstacle to the smooth transmission of monetary policy decisions. Despite the importance of the transmission process, little attention has been given to a systematic measurement of the degree of response of commercial banks‟ interest rates to changes in monetary policy stance in the Anglophone West African countries, specifically within the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) economies. Against this backdrop, this study explores the interest rate adjustment dynamics using monthly interest rate series on discount rate, treasury bill rate, commercial banks‟ deposit and lending rates from 1989 to 2009 (for Gambia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone) and from 2000 to 2009 (for Ghana). Specifically, the study set out to examine how lending and deposit rates respond to changes in the official rates and to see whether there is a convergence among the rates over time. Also, to examine the relative adjustment of commercial bank lending rates to changes in the official rate when there is disequilibrium. The analyses were twofold: a full sample period and a rolling window analysis. Following Cottarelli and Kourelis (1994), the study employed cointegration technique and an asymmetric error correction model to obtain the short-run and long-run parameters from which the error correction coefficients, mean adjustment lags and asymmetric mean adjustment lags were estimated. The results for the entire sample period revealed that the long-run pass-through in Nigeria was 81% and 67% for lending rates and deposit rates respectively. In Ghana, it was 66% and 69% for lending and deposit rates respectively. While in Sierra Leone, long-run pass-through was 62% and 72% for lending and deposit rates respectively. In Gambia, it was 50% and 40% for lending and deposit rates respectively. On the other hand, the short-run pass-through was found to be lower compared to the long-run pass-through: in Nigeria it was 66% and 47%; in Gambia, 26% and 29%; in Sierra Leone, 30% and 13%; and in Ghana, -6% and 35% for lending and deposit rates respectively in each country. The pass-through estimates for the rolling windows were mixed for short-run and long-run pass-through. The mean adjustment lags suggest that the speed of adjustment of Lending rates for full sample period were two, two, seven and twelve months in Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone and Gambia respectively. While for deposit rates they were five, six, seven and eighteen for Ghana, Nigeria, Gambia and Sierra Leone respectively. The average speeds of adjustment for the rolling windows were four and five months for lending and deposit rates respectively. Weak evidence of convergence was found…
Subjects/Keywords: Monetary policy – Africa, West; Banks and banking – Africa, West; Interest rates – Africa, West
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Bangura, L. (2011). Adjustment of commercial banks' interest rates and the effectiveness of monetary policy: evidence from Anglophone West Africa. (Thesis). Rhodes University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002685
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bangura, Lamin. “Adjustment of commercial banks' interest rates and the effectiveness of monetary policy: evidence from Anglophone West Africa.” 2011. Thesis, Rhodes University. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002685.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bangura, Lamin. “Adjustment of commercial banks' interest rates and the effectiveness of monetary policy: evidence from Anglophone West Africa.” 2011. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Bangura L. Adjustment of commercial banks' interest rates and the effectiveness of monetary policy: evidence from Anglophone West Africa. [Internet] [Thesis]. Rhodes University; 2011. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002685.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Bangura L. Adjustment of commercial banks' interest rates and the effectiveness of monetary policy: evidence from Anglophone West Africa. [Thesis]. Rhodes University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002685
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
15.
Wood, Heather A.
Resilience and protective factors in a Midwestern community : a participatory action approach.
Degree: PhD, 2012, Ball State University
URL: http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/195873
► Resilience is a systemic process between a person and his/her environment (Ungar, 2005), whereby a person demonstrates a pattern of “good outcome despite serious threats…
(more)
▼ Resilience is a systemic process between a person and his/her environment (Ungar, 2005), whereby a person demonstrates a pattern of “good outcome despite serious threats to adaptation or development” (Masten, 2001, p. 28). Despite much research, the resilience research field lacks consensus on specific definitions of resilience factors (Ungar et al., 2005). Therefore, it is recommended that research prioritize specific resilience variables (Luthar & Zelazo, 2003) while attending to contextual and systemic factors (Ungar, 2005).
The study took place in a community center in a low SES, predominantly African-American neighborhood in the Midwest. Neighborhood residents worked with research team members to co-construct a local definition of youth resilience through focus groups. Children meeting this definition were nominated by staff and participated in interviews about resilience factors. Children, parents, and staff also completed rating scales measuring resilient youth’s academic, behavioral, social, and emotional functioning. Qualitative examinations of data resulted in an ecosystemic model of resilient youth in the community. Resilience was found to be influenced by interactions between individual, familial, and community factors. Individual perseverance and adult involvement and awareness, as well as community cohesion were important protective factors identified by participants. Results of the study were shared with community center staff with plans to utilize them at the center to help promote positive youth functioning.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kruczek, Theresa A. (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Resilience (Personality trait) in adolescence – Middle West; Youth development – Middle West; Community life – Middle West
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Wood, H. A. (2012). Resilience and protective factors in a Midwestern community : a participatory action approach. (Doctoral Dissertation). Ball State University. Retrieved from http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/195873
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wood, Heather A. “Resilience and protective factors in a Midwestern community : a participatory action approach.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Ball State University. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/195873.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wood, Heather A. “Resilience and protective factors in a Midwestern community : a participatory action approach.” 2012. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Wood HA. Resilience and protective factors in a Midwestern community : a participatory action approach. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Ball State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/195873.
Council of Science Editors:
Wood HA. Resilience and protective factors in a Midwestern community : a participatory action approach. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Ball State University; 2012. Available from: http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/195873

University of Zambia
16.
Mweemba, Liberty.
The impact of small-scale farming on the agricultural land resources in Magoye West
.
Degree: 2011, University of Zambia
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/669
► The Magoye West forest Reserve number 50 was not occupied by small- scale farmers before 1980. However, after this period, farmers from surrounding areas started…
(more)
▼ The Magoye West forest Reserve number 50 was not occupied by small- scale farmers
before 1980. However, after this period, farmers from surrounding areas started moving in the forest reserve to settle illegally. As the population kept on growing in this area, there was an indiscriminate cutting down of trees for various purposes such as charcoal, timber as well as land expansion for cultivation.
The aim of this report is to discuss the impact of small-scale farming on the agricultural Land Resources in Magoye West forest reserve in Southern Province of Zambia.Firstly, forest degradation is stimulated by rapid population growth combined with shifting cultivation (people moving into forest to farm), poorly regulated logging and 'open access'
land tenure. Open-access occurs when there is no effective regulation of land use. This
allows farmers and other land users to exploit the land, and the resources on it, in an unsustainable manner. Open-access in this area also reduces the motivation for farmers to conserve the land resources since it is not theirs.Secondly, the use of modern farm inputs such as fertilizer was found to be negatively related to the rate of deforestation, suggesting that intensifying agriculture by applying more
fertilizer would slow down the rate of deforestation.Thirdly, the average level of education of small-scale farmers in Magoye West is very low.There is a close relationship between education and extension training as well as obtaining
loans. Education is significantly variable since more literate and knowledgeable people
make better farmers because they are able to invest on the land by conserving soils and forests. Since the sample was largely composed of illiterate people, natural resource conservation is limited in this area.Lastly, fuel wood prices are low in Magoye West because it can be mined, nearly freely,from open-access areas. Where there is open-access, trees can be cleared from forests by migrant farmers. This results in women's time being increasingly constrained in rural areas as fuel wood become scarce, due to rapid deforestation, and women have to walk farther for fuel wood collection.
All in all, as the population keeps on growing in Magoye West, there is indiscriminate cutting down of trees for various purposes such as charcoal, timber and land expansion for cultivation. Rapid population growth has put increasing pressure on cultivable land leading
to deforestation, soil erosion and loss of biodiversity. Furthermore, land occupation and use in this area is temporal since the farmers are illegally there, and there is no motivation for the farmers to invest in farm intensification and land resource conservation since they do not own that land.
Subjects/Keywords: Farms, small – Magoye West;
Forest reserves – Magoye West;
Forest degradation – Magoye West;
Land degradation – Magoye west
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Mweemba, L. (2011). The impact of small-scale farming on the agricultural land resources in Magoye West
. (Thesis). University of Zambia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/669
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mweemba, Liberty. “The impact of small-scale farming on the agricultural land resources in Magoye West
.” 2011. Thesis, University of Zambia. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/669.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mweemba, Liberty. “The impact of small-scale farming on the agricultural land resources in Magoye West
.” 2011. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Mweemba L. The impact of small-scale farming on the agricultural land resources in Magoye West
. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Zambia; 2011. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/669.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Mweemba L. The impact of small-scale farming on the agricultural land resources in Magoye West
. [Thesis]. University of Zambia; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/669
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Universiteit Utrecht
17.
Nijdam, P.
Establishment of an immunohistochemical method to detect West Nile virus in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues.
Degree: 2013, Universiteit Utrecht
URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/285248
► With the emergence of West Nile virus in Northern America and the re-emergence ofthe virus in Europe, the relevance of West Nile virus as a…
(more)
▼ With the emergence of
West Nile virus in Northern America and the re-emergence ofthe virus in Europe, the relevance of
West Nile virus as a pathogen has beenunderlined. In particular the quick spread on the American continent and the increasein virulence, compared to previous appearances, have lead to healthcare concerns.Reliable and accurate laboratory methods to detect this virus are thereforenecessary. One of them is immunohistochemistry, which is an important instrument inresearch and histological pathology. In order to retrieve reproducible and reliableresults from tests, it is of utmost importance to work in a fixed order, or protocol.Protocols are also important since no two laboratories are the same in theirpreferences and working habits. The aim of this study was to establish such aprotocol, in this case for the detection of
West Nile virus in tissues.For the establishment of this protocol, a series of experiments were performed, inwhich different variables were tested, eventually resulting in a protocol that producessatisfactory results and can easily be reproduced. After the establishment of the protocol, several avian, equine and wildlife cases of a possible
West Nile virus infection were tested. However, no positive cases were found.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gröne, A..
Subjects/Keywords: Diergeneeskunde; West Nile virus, immunohistochemistry
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Nijdam, P. (2013). Establishment of an immunohistochemical method to detect West Nile virus in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. (Masters Thesis). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/285248
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nijdam, P. “Establishment of an immunohistochemical method to detect West Nile virus in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/285248.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nijdam, P. “Establishment of an immunohistochemical method to detect West Nile virus in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues.” 2013. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Nijdam P. Establishment of an immunohistochemical method to detect West Nile virus in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/285248.
Council of Science Editors:
Nijdam P. Establishment of an immunohistochemical method to detect West Nile virus in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. [Masters Thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2013. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/285248

San Jose State University
18.
Keaton, Jessica.
Fangirl Stays West.
Degree: MFA, English and Comparative Literature, 2016, San Jose State University
URL: https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.k5ey-w43z
;
https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4691
► Fangirl Stays West is a memoir that demonstrates how I learned my life lessons from books, music, and, most frequently, television. Framed within the…
(more)
▼ Fangirl Stays West is a memoir that demonstrates how I learned my life lessons from books, music, and, most frequently, television. Framed within the last year, beginning with my father’s incarceration, I begin to relive my childhood through by escaping my own reality as I did when I was a child—through the worlds of my favorite television shows, music, and books. In the end, I discover that neither my father, nor any of the other people I try to recast as the protagonist—real or fantasy—in my own story, is a “hero.” In the end, I am, without guilt, able to hold the lead role in my own manuscript and let others take more passive roles.
Initially, entering the fantasy worlds is treated like a game—something fun to occupy my time. The boundaries between these worlds become more blurred as time goes on. Soon, these characters become my companions in my daily life, breaking the earlier boundary that the worlds do not coexist. At the climax, I reveal to my readers how I discover these images were actually manifestations of myself, ultimately allowing me to become my own hero, allowing these television characters and pseudo-realities to return to their original designated function of entertainment.
Subjects/Keywords: California; fandom; fangirl; Georgia; West
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Keaton, J. (2016). Fangirl Stays West. (Thesis). San Jose State University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.k5ey-w43z ; https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4691
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Keaton, Jessica. “Fangirl Stays West.” 2016. Thesis, San Jose State University. Accessed February 28, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.k5ey-w43z ; https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4691.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Keaton, Jessica. “Fangirl Stays West.” 2016. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Keaton J. Fangirl Stays West. [Internet] [Thesis]. San Jose State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.k5ey-w43z ; https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4691.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Keaton J. Fangirl Stays West. [Thesis]. San Jose State University; 2016. Available from: https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.k5ey-w43z ; https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4691
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Utah
19.
Driscoll, Matthew William.
Literary soundscapes of the American West.
Degree: PhD, English, 2014, University of Utah
URL: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/3266/rec/1488
► Influenced by the continued growth of the interdisciplinary field of sound studies, my dissertation examines sounds and soundscapes in several prose works of Western American…
(more)
▼ Influenced by the continued growth of the interdisciplinary field of sound studies, my dissertation examines sounds and soundscapes in several prose works of Western American literature. Literary Soundscapes of the American West examines literarysounds—the collective, but varied, representations of sound, silence, and voice in literature—that represent intimate, affective, and always-changing relationships between people and places in the contemporary American West. I argue that Sherman Alexie,Cormac McCarthy, Terry Tempest Williams, and Charles Bowden use literary sounds to encourage—and potentially activate—what I call an audile mode of attention, which underscores sound as fundamental to people’s understanding of place as well as theirrelationship to space generally. My analysis examines literary sounds that resonate in representations of specific Western locales: a Northwestern metropolis, the Southwestern redrock desert, and the U.S.-Mexican borderlands. Literary sounds do not operate identically in each of my primary texts. In fiction, such as Alexie’s Indian Killer and McCarthy’s The Crossing, representations of sound occupy an understated andsubordinate position in the text. In contrast to these fictional works, Williams’ Red and Bowden’s Murder City demand that readers attend to sound because it represents local knowledge about pressing ethical concerns. In my analysis of contemporary Western literature, I employ critical regionalism, sound studies, and affect theory and argue that Alexie, McCarthy, Williams, and Bowden produce literary sounds that represent the tensions between various spatial scales (the personal, the local, the regional, and the global) in twentieth- and twenty-first century Western places. By combining the overlapping concerns of these three critical paradigms with my interest in representations of place in contemporary Western American literature,my dissertation evaluates the productive potential of excess in a selected body of literature. The particular excess that I consider here is made up of a relatively immaterial and transient form, sound and, to be more specific, sounds produced in literature. To saythat sound, in everyday life or in literature, constitutes excess is not to suggest that it is not necessary to or always already resonant in our interpretations of and experiences with place and space. Rather, I argue that sounds produce excess by activating untappedpotential and calling upon readers and listeners to identify in place those contingent truths and realities that escape our notice when we view place as a closed and contained form.
Subjects/Keywords: Contemporary literature; Soundscapes; West
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Driscoll, M. W. (2014). Literary soundscapes of the American West. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Utah. Retrieved from http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/3266/rec/1488
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Driscoll, Matthew William. “Literary soundscapes of the American West.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Utah. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/3266/rec/1488.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Driscoll, Matthew William. “Literary soundscapes of the American West.” 2014. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Driscoll MW. Literary soundscapes of the American West. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Utah; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/3266/rec/1488.
Council of Science Editors:
Driscoll MW. Literary soundscapes of the American West. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Utah; 2014. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/3266/rec/1488

Oregon State University
20.
Berner, Logan T.
Forest response to water Forest Response to Water Availability and Disturbance in the Western United States.
Degree: PhD, Forest Ecosystems and Society, 2017, Oregon State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/60534
► Earth’s atmosphere is unequivocally warming due to CO₂ and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from human activities and this is having widespread impacts on forest…
(more)
▼ Earth’s atmosphere is unequivocally warming due to CO₂ and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from human activities and this is having widespread impacts on forest ecosystems that provide important services to human societies. Forest ecosystems help regulate atmospheric CO2 concentrations by sequestering carbon in tree biomass and soils, which is a valuable ecosystem service that is sensitive to climate change and forest management. Rising air temperatures contributed to increased aridity and drought during recent decades among forests in the western United States and projections suggest that many parts of this region could become hotter and drier over the coming century barring significant reductions in GHG emissions. Managing regional forests and GHG emissions in a warming world requires better understanding of how forest carbon cycling is influenced by climate, including climate-mediated disturbance (e.g., fires). The objectives of this dissertation were to assess (1) forest response to water availability and (2) tree mortality from disturbance during recent decades in the western US.
Forest response to water availability was assessed, in part, by quantifying changes in forest productivity and live biomass across sites that varied widely in average water availability. Bioclimatic relationships were developed using (1) field measurements from 12 sites in the eastern Cascade Mountains, (2) inventory and ancillary plot measurements from 1,953 sites in Washington, Oregon, and California (WAORCA), and (3) remote sensing measurements spanning 18 Mha of mature forest in the western US. In each case, forest productivity and live biomass increased markedly across sites as average water availability increased. For instance, median forest productivity increased from 2.2 to 5.6 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ between the driest and wettest 5% of sites in WAORCA, while live biomass increased from 26 to 281 Mg C ha⁻¹. These bioclimatic relationships illustrate that forests are widely sensitive to changes in water availability, suggesting that continued warming and drying could reduce carbon sequestration over the coming century in parts of the region.
Tree mortality from fires, bark beetles, and timber harvest was quantified from 2003-2012 across the region using remote sensing, federal harvest statistics, and ancillary information. Tree mortality was quantified in terms of carbon storage in aboveground biomass killed by disturbance. Regional tree mortality from these disturbances together averaged 45.8±16.0 Tg C yr⁻¹ (±95% confidence interval), with harvest, beetles, and fires accounting for 50%, 32%, and 18% of mortality, respectively. Tree mortality from timber harvest was concentrated in the high-biomass forests of the Washington and Oregon. Tree mortality from bark beetles occurred largely in Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana, where tree defenses were suppressed by drought and beetle populations bolstered by rising winter temperatures. Tree mortality from fires was highest in California, Idaho, and Montana, which also experienced…
Advisors/Committee Members: Law, Beverly (advisor), Waring, Richard (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: forest; Forest influences – West (U.S.)
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Berner, L. T. (2017). Forest response to water Forest Response to Water Availability and Disturbance in the Western United States. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/60534
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Berner, Logan T. “Forest response to water Forest Response to Water Availability and Disturbance in the Western United States.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1957/60534.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Berner, Logan T. “Forest response to water Forest Response to Water Availability and Disturbance in the Western United States.” 2017. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Berner LT. Forest response to water Forest Response to Water Availability and Disturbance in the Western United States. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/60534.
Council of Science Editors:
Berner LT. Forest response to water Forest Response to Water Availability and Disturbance in the Western United States. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/60534
21.
Kearns, John M.
The cowboy composite: Theodore Roosevelt and the birth of American cowboy romanticism.
Degree: MA, History, 2012, California State University – Northridge
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.2/1856
► The genesis of the American cowboy figure we know today from literature, film, and television began in the latter half of the nineteenth century largely…
(more)
▼ The genesis of the American cowboy figure we know today from literature, film, and television began in the latter half of the nineteenth century largely due to the efforts of admirers of the American
West. This group was comprised of easterners and westerners including one particularly energetic New Yorker, Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt and other admirers of the American
West, directly or indirectly, facilitated the emergence of this new mythological figure, now considered the classical western archetype: a rugged individualist who is also virile and aggressively masculine. This western figure was part of a larger myth-building construct of the American
West, a romanticized, male-dominated version that endures today. Although a host of writers, artists, performers, and others played key roles in creating the cowboy standard, Roosevelt did more than any single individual to establish the cowboy as an iconic figure in American culture.
Drawing on both primary and secondary sources, this study explores how Roosevelt slowly rehabilitated the cowboy image from a villain to a heroic figure through
his own writings based on his first-hand experience living with cowboys during his sojourns in the Dakota Badlands throughout the 1880s. This study also examines how Roosevelt embraced his public image of a western cowboy and how the public perceived and accepted this image throughout his public life. The cowboy rehabilitation and transformation through the lens of Roosevelt's own cowboy image unfolded during the late nineteenth century with the ascension of TR as a public figure, a process that culminated in 1901 with his elevation to the presidency. By the time of Roosevelt's death in 1919, the American cowboy was culturally embraced by the public due in part to the public acceptance of TR as a western figure.
Understanding the rise of the romantic American cowboy begins with an exploration of recent scholarship of the American
West, cowboys, and the role Roosevelt and his contemporaries played in helping transform this Western figure. This scholarship is reviewed in chapter one and includes perspectives on culture, social theory, gender relations, and nationalism. Chapter two explores the cowboy rehabilitation viewed through Roosevelt's own western publications and how the public, via the media, slowly accepted this new cowboy image as the nineteenth century came to a close. Chapter three focuses on frontier amusements, the key mechanisms through which Easterners were first exposed to and then led to embrace this new romantic cowboy image through participation in dude ranches, rodeo shows, western literature, and film. Roosevelt???s influence is traced through each of these amusements. Chapter four examines how TR, his family and friends, and the public perceived his cowboy image. The final chapter looks at the legacy of the mythic cowboy into the twenty-first century.
Advisors/Committee Members: Devine, Thomas W. (advisor), Broussard, Joyce L. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: West; Dissertations, Academic – CSUN – History.
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Kearns, J. M. (2012). The cowboy composite: Theodore Roosevelt and the birth of American cowboy romanticism. (Masters Thesis). California State University – Northridge. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10211.2/1856
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kearns, John M. “The cowboy composite: Theodore Roosevelt and the birth of American cowboy romanticism.” 2012. Masters Thesis, California State University – Northridge. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10211.2/1856.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kearns, John M. “The cowboy composite: Theodore Roosevelt and the birth of American cowboy romanticism.” 2012. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Kearns JM. The cowboy composite: Theodore Roosevelt and the birth of American cowboy romanticism. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. California State University – Northridge; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.2/1856.
Council of Science Editors:
Kearns JM. The cowboy composite: Theodore Roosevelt and the birth of American cowboy romanticism. [Masters Thesis]. California State University – Northridge; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.2/1856

Vanderbilt University
22.
Ostrow, Sonja Gammeltoft.
Polling after Fascism: Opinion Research, Mass Society, and Democratic Fragility in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1945-1960.
Degree: PhD, History, 2017, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1803/13271
► This dissertation examines how the Allies introduced public opinion polling to Germany after World War II and investigates how polling eventually became integrated into West…
(more)
▼ This dissertation examines how the Allies introduced public opinion polling to Germany after World War II and investigates how polling eventually became integrated into
West German internal governance, political culture, and foreign relations. It analyzes the goals and methods of opinion researchers including Paul Lazarsfeld, the survey units of the American occupation forces, Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann of the Allensbach Institute, the Emnid Institute, and Theodor Adorno and the Frankfurt School. Although these actors had divergent political stances, they were motivated to apply empirical research methods to the
West German population after World War II by shared concerns about the fragility of democracy and the destructive power of the masses, combined with faith in the empirical sciences as an antidote to fascistic thought patterns. “Polling after Fascism” shows that public opinion researchers did not provide seamless surveillance of political and cultural life, as contemporary critics had feared. The professionalization of polling and the increasing media attention paid to opinion research over the course of the 1950s did, however, influence
West German political culture by stimulating academic and popular discussions about the meaning and significance of public opinion within a democracy.
“Polling after Fascism” makes three major contributions to our understanding of the histories of Germany and public opinion research. First, it stresses the unifying effects of fears of the masses, which formed the basis for consensus among disparate actors. It shows that in the early 1950s, a surprising mix of researchers, intellectuals, and officials on opposing ends of the political spectrum worked together to advocate empirical social research as a way to assess risks posed by the
West German masses. Second, the dissertation argues that national opinion research studies were not only conducted for internal clients (in this case, for the
West German people and politicians), but were frequently designed to address the concerns of foreign observers. Third, “Polling after Fascism” offers a new account of the development of a public sphere of discussion and debate in
West Germany during the 1950s, challenging the common argument that the elements of a democratic political culture only emerged in later decades.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sarah Igo (committee member), David Blackbourn (committee member), Jennifer Fay (committee member), Helmut Smith (Committee Chair).
Subjects/Keywords: West Germany; political culture; polling
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Ostrow, S. G. (2017). Polling after Fascism: Opinion Research, Mass Society, and Democratic Fragility in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1945-1960. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1803/13271
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ostrow, Sonja Gammeltoft. “Polling after Fascism: Opinion Research, Mass Society, and Democratic Fragility in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1945-1960.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1803/13271.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ostrow, Sonja Gammeltoft. “Polling after Fascism: Opinion Research, Mass Society, and Democratic Fragility in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1945-1960.” 2017. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Ostrow SG. Polling after Fascism: Opinion Research, Mass Society, and Democratic Fragility in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1945-1960. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1803/13271.
Council of Science Editors:
Ostrow SG. Polling after Fascism: Opinion Research, Mass Society, and Democratic Fragility in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1945-1960. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1803/13271

Texas A&M University
23.
Shaw, Caitlin Susanne.
Agricultural Technology Adoption in West Africa.
Degree: MS, Agricultural Economics, 2014, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157901
► Smallholder household adoption of improved agricultural technologies, including fertilizer, irrigation, and improved storage methods, continues to remain relatively low in West Africa. As a result,…
(more)
▼ Smallholder household adoption of improved agricultural technologies, including fertilizer, irrigation, and improved storage methods, continues to remain relatively low in
West Africa. As a result, smallholder production of staple crops is low, food security is low, and many households continue to produce at the subsistence or semi-subsistence level. This thesis identifies factors that influence the household’s decision to adopt a new agricultural technology using survey data collected in Ghana, Liberia, and Senegal in 2012. This study uses the probit model to estimate the likelihood of household adoption of these improved technologies and discusses the differences between the sample results as well as regional results.
Overall, results indicate that the factors most strongly associated with the adoption decision across all three countries are access to credit, access to agricultural information, and membership in a farmers cooperative. In the technology-specific models, fertilizer adoption was influenced significantly by access to credit, but was also positively associated with farmer education and farm size. Regarding irrigation adoption, the most important factors included farm size, access to credit, and access to agricultural technology. The adoption of improved storage was strongly associated with farmer education, land title, and access to credit. The results strengthen the argument that education, extension, and financial services must be strengthened to better respond to household’s needs.
Advisors/Committee Members: Price, Edwin C (advisor), Boadu, Fred O (advisor), Elbert, Chanda (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: technology; West Africa; agriculture
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Shaw, C. S. (2014). Agricultural Technology Adoption in West Africa. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157901
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Shaw, Caitlin Susanne. “Agricultural Technology Adoption in West Africa.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157901.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Shaw, Caitlin Susanne. “Agricultural Technology Adoption in West Africa.” 2014. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Shaw CS. Agricultural Technology Adoption in West Africa. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157901.
Council of Science Editors:
Shaw CS. Agricultural Technology Adoption in West Africa. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157901

Texas A&M University
24.
Shaw, Caitlin Susanne.
Agricultural Technology Adoption in West Africa.
Degree: MS, Agricultural Economics, 2014, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157902
► Smallholder household adoption of improved agricultural technologies, including fertilizer, irrigation, and improved storage methods, continues to remain relatively low in West Africa. As a result,…
(more)
▼ Smallholder household adoption of improved agricultural technologies, including fertilizer, irrigation, and improved storage methods, continues to remain relatively low in
West Africa. As a result, smallholder production of staple crops is low, food security is low, and many households continue to produce at the subsistence or semi-subsistence level. This thesis identifies factors that influence the household’s decision to adopt a new agricultural technology using survey data collected in Ghana, Liberia, and Senegal in 2012. This study uses the probit model to estimate the likelihood of household adoption of these improved technologies and discusses the differences between the sample results as well as regional results.
Overall, results indicate that the factors most strongly associated with the adoption decision across all three countries are access to credit, access to agricultural information, and membership in a farmers cooperative. In the technology-specific models, fertilizer adoption was influenced significantly by access to credit, but was also positively associated with farmer education and farm size. Regarding irrigation adoption, the most important factors included farm size, access to credit, and access to agricultural technology. The adoption of improved storage was strongly associated with farmer education, land title, and access to credit. The results strengthen the argument that education, extension, and financial services must be strengthened to better respond to household’s needs.
Advisors/Committee Members: Price, Edwin C (advisor), Boadu, Fred O (advisor), Elbert, Chanda (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: technology; West Africa; agriculture
Record Details
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Shaw, C. S. (2014). Agricultural Technology Adoption in West Africa. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157902
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Shaw, Caitlin Susanne. “Agricultural Technology Adoption in West Africa.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157902.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Shaw, Caitlin Susanne. “Agricultural Technology Adoption in West Africa.” 2014. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Shaw CS. Agricultural Technology Adoption in West Africa. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157902.
Council of Science Editors:
Shaw CS. Agricultural Technology Adoption in West Africa. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157902

McMaster University
25.
Freund, Kyle.
A Multi-Scalar Analysis of the Politics Of Obsidian Consumption in the West Mediterranean (ca. 6th - 2nd millennia B.C.).
Degree: PhD, 2014, McMaster University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/16036
► This dissertation details and contextualizes the changing nature of obsidian circulation and use in the West Mediterranean from the sixth to second millennia B.C., with…
(more)
▼ This dissertation details and contextualizes the changing nature of obsidian circulation and use in the West Mediterranean from the sixth to second millennia B.C., with a particular focus on the reflexive relationship between obsidian consumption and long-term socio-economic processes. Central themes in this work include, a) the significance of exchange and long-distance relations in the creation and maintenance of social distinction, b) the specific role of obsidian circulation and consumption in these processes, and c) a longue durée investigation of the history of obsidian use and maritime activity in the West Mediterranean from the Neolithic through Bronze Age.
Methodologically this is achieved through, a) the compilation and interrogation of a database of regional obsidian studies over the past 50 years, and b) the generation of new primary data via the typological analysis of 6,895 obsidian artifacts from 46 archeological sites in Sicily and Sardinia, 2,103 of which were also elementally characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry to determine their geological source.
Central to this work is the idea that obsidian ‘characterization’ studies represent a powerful means of engaging with major social science questions, where a particular regional dataset can be used to contribute to debates of global significance. Thus, while the focus of this work is on obsidian consumption in the West Mediterranean, its implications are far-reaching.
Dissertation
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Advisors/Committee Members: Carter, Tristan, Anthropology.
Subjects/Keywords: Archaeology; West Mediterranean Prehistory
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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APA (6th Edition):
Freund, K. (2014). A Multi-Scalar Analysis of the Politics Of Obsidian Consumption in the West Mediterranean (ca. 6th - 2nd millennia B.C.). (Doctoral Dissertation). McMaster University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11375/16036
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Freund, Kyle. “A Multi-Scalar Analysis of the Politics Of Obsidian Consumption in the West Mediterranean (ca. 6th - 2nd millennia B.C.).” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, McMaster University. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11375/16036.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Freund, Kyle. “A Multi-Scalar Analysis of the Politics Of Obsidian Consumption in the West Mediterranean (ca. 6th - 2nd millennia B.C.).” 2014. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Freund K. A Multi-Scalar Analysis of the Politics Of Obsidian Consumption in the West Mediterranean (ca. 6th - 2nd millennia B.C.). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. McMaster University; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/16036.
Council of Science Editors:
Freund K. A Multi-Scalar Analysis of the Politics Of Obsidian Consumption in the West Mediterranean (ca. 6th - 2nd millennia B.C.). [Doctoral Dissertation]. McMaster University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/16036

Penn State University
26.
Hancock, Matthew.
Armed Conflict and Childhood Food Security: The Association between Exposure to Conflict and Childhood Nutrition in West Africa: 1998-2008.
Degree: 2020, Penn State University
URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16984mqh5433
► Exposure to conflict is associated with multiple impacts on youth populations in developing countries, predominantly in the areas of health and nutrition. Where many previous…
(more)
▼ Exposure to conflict is associated with multiple impacts on youth populations in developing countries, predominantly in the areas of health and nutrition. Where many previous works have examined large-scale impacts of exposure to conflict on the civilian population, this study will analyze the effects of exposure to conflict specific to the experiences of children under the age of five. Where experiences of armed conflict are often indiscriminately destructive to individual well-being,
West African conflicts have been characterized by disproportionately high levels of violence, with their most extreme consequences forced upon women and children. Research has suggested that accepted gender norms and levels of women’s agency may be strongly associated with children’s health responses to exposure to increased violence and conflict. To test this association this thesis assumes a critical analysis of reduced educational attainment and low marital age among women in relation to the effects of conflict on measures of childhood food security. Through the use of high-resolution conflict data from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Database (ACLED) and the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), this thesis examines the effects of armed conflict on children under five years of age across seven
West African nations. Along with previous works exploring the relationship between conflict and childhood nutrition, this study finds a negative, albeit small and statistically insignificant, impact on measures of weight-for-height (WFH). Surprisingly, there is a significant and positive response in children’s height-for-age (HFA) associated with exposure to conflict during one’s lifetime.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brian Clemens Thiede, Thesis Advisor/Co-Advisor, Kathryn Jo Brasier, Program Head/Chair, Elizabeth Ransom, Committee Member, Leif Jensen, Committee Member.
Subjects/Keywords: Conflict; Food Security; West Africa
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Hancock, M. (2020). Armed Conflict and Childhood Food Security: The Association between Exposure to Conflict and Childhood Nutrition in West Africa: 1998-2008. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16984mqh5433
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hancock, Matthew. “Armed Conflict and Childhood Food Security: The Association between Exposure to Conflict and Childhood Nutrition in West Africa: 1998-2008.” 2020. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed February 28, 2021.
https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16984mqh5433.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hancock, Matthew. “Armed Conflict and Childhood Food Security: The Association between Exposure to Conflict and Childhood Nutrition in West Africa: 1998-2008.” 2020. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Hancock M. Armed Conflict and Childhood Food Security: The Association between Exposure to Conflict and Childhood Nutrition in West Africa: 1998-2008. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2020. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16984mqh5433.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Hancock M. Armed Conflict and Childhood Food Security: The Association between Exposure to Conflict and Childhood Nutrition in West Africa: 1998-2008. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2020. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16984mqh5433
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Addis Ababa University
27.
Wakuma, Gelan.
An Assessment of Teacher-Student Relationship in South West Shoa Zone Secondary Schools of Oromia Region
.
Degree: 2015, Addis Ababa University
URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/7843
► The main purpose of this study was to assess teacher-student relationship in south west shoa zone secondary schools. In order to meet the objectives of…
(more)
▼ The main purpose of this study was to assess teacher-student relationship in south
west shoa zone secondary schools. In order to meet the objectives of the study, a descriptive survey design employed. From the total population of teachers and students 150 teachers and 470 students were selected using random sampling techniques for this study. Questionnaires and interview used for collecting data. The data obtained through the questionnaires analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviations, and t-tests. Cohen’s d guidelines for determining the effect size measure used to make the analysis clear. The information obtained through open-ended questions and interviews were analyzed.
The items related to positive teacher-student relationship computed by aggregating the responses of the teachers and students resulted in average mean score of 3.47 and 3.15 by teachers and students respectively with mean difference of 0.9. This indicates that there is statistically significant difference between the two groups of respondents (p-value of 0.04<0.05) in the computed average agreement for the overall teachers’ classroom practices and teachers’ behavior. The t-value (2.62) which is greater than the t-critical value (1.96) proves that the two groups of respondents have significantly differed in their agreement on the items. This shows that the two groups of respondents have modest effect of agreement on positive teacher-student relationship.
The items related to teachers’ classroom practices and teachers’ behavior computed by aggregating the responses of the items related to teachers’ classroom practices and teachers’ behavior resulted in average mean score of 4.23 and 3.28 by teachers and students respectively with mean difference of 4.1. This indicates that there is statistically significant difference between the two groups of respondents (p-value of 0.00<0.05) in the computed average agreement for the overall teachers’ classroom practices and teachers’ behavior. The t-value (2.84) which is greater than the t-critical value (1.96) proves that the two groups of respondents have significantly differed in their agreement on the items. This shows that the two groups of respondents have modest level of agreement on teachers’ classroom practices and teachers’ behavior.
Finally, items related factors affecting teacher-student relationship computed by aggregating the responses of items resulted in average mean scores of 3.48 and 3.27 by teachers and students respectively, with mean difference of 0.78. This indicates that, there is statistically significant difference between the two groups of respondents (p-value of 0.04<0.05) in the computed average agreement for the overall factor affecting the t-value (2.71) which is greater than the t-critical value(1.96) proves that the two groups of respondents significantly differ in their agreement on the items. This indicates that both respondents have modest effect of agreement.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Temesgen Fereja (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: south west shoa zone
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Wakuma, G. (2015). An Assessment of Teacher-Student Relationship in South West Shoa Zone Secondary Schools of Oromia Region
. (Thesis). Addis Ababa University. Retrieved from http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/7843
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wakuma, Gelan. “An Assessment of Teacher-Student Relationship in South West Shoa Zone Secondary Schools of Oromia Region
.” 2015. Thesis, Addis Ababa University. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/7843.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wakuma, Gelan. “An Assessment of Teacher-Student Relationship in South West Shoa Zone Secondary Schools of Oromia Region
.” 2015. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Wakuma G. An Assessment of Teacher-Student Relationship in South West Shoa Zone Secondary Schools of Oromia Region
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2015. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/7843.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Wakuma G. An Assessment of Teacher-Student Relationship in South West Shoa Zone Secondary Schools of Oromia Region
. [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2015. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/7843
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Nairobi
28.
Nyamwaya, Kemunto D.
Determination of the Main Reservoir Hosts of West Nile Virus Among Wild Birds in Tana River County, Kenya
.
Degree: 2016, University of Nairobi
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11295/97326
► Re-emerging infectious diseases can cause serious health and economic effects in a society. West Nile virus fever is a zoonotic arboviral infection maintained in nature…
(more)
▼ Re-emerging infectious diseases can cause serious health and economic effects in a society.
West Nile virus fever is a zoonotic arboviral infection maintained in nature within a cycle
between mosquito vectors and birds. This virus was first isolated in Uganda with subsequent
reports of epidemics globally. In order to establish effective monitoring and surveillance
measures, knowledge on the ecological and transmission patterns is necessary. This study
aimed at determining the main reservoir hosts of West Nile virus. Blood samples were
obtained from 361 randomly sampled wild birds in Tana River County, Kenya, in the months
of October and December 2014. The samples were subjected to nucleic acid based screening
for West Nile virus using the virus specific primers in real time polymerase chain reaction
after total ribonucleic acid extraction. The amplification was carried out against a standard
curve generated using serial dilutions of a synthetic positive control. A total of 65 samples
exhibited positive amplification with a high cycle threshold value of 30. Visualization of the
amplified fragments on agarose gel revealed bands of targeted 445 base pair fragments.
Sanger sequences of 5 of the samples indicated genetic relationship to West Nile virus
XJ11141, XJ11129, XJ11148 and Ast-986 strains initially isolated from China and Russia.
Phylogenetic analysis clustered the isolates with described lineage 1 strains in Genebank. A
regression analysis indicated that the sampling location influenced the occurrence of West
Nile virus while species, age, weight and sex of the birds did not have any effect. This study
provides baseline information on the existing circulation of the virus in this region among
wild birds that could spill into the human population and points to the need for
implementation of surveillance programs. Therefore, there is need to enhance awareness in
the public health department of this region to contain its circulation.
Keywords: Arbovirus, Polymerase chain reaction, Reverse transcription, West Nile Virus,
Zoonosis.
Subjects/Keywords: Reservoir Hosts of West Nile
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Nyamwaya, K. D. (2016). Determination of the Main Reservoir Hosts of West Nile Virus Among Wild Birds in Tana River County, Kenya
. (Thesis). University of Nairobi. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11295/97326
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nyamwaya, Kemunto D. “Determination of the Main Reservoir Hosts of West Nile Virus Among Wild Birds in Tana River County, Kenya
.” 2016. Thesis, University of Nairobi. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11295/97326.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nyamwaya, Kemunto D. “Determination of the Main Reservoir Hosts of West Nile Virus Among Wild Birds in Tana River County, Kenya
.” 2016. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Nyamwaya KD. Determination of the Main Reservoir Hosts of West Nile Virus Among Wild Birds in Tana River County, Kenya
. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Nairobi; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11295/97326.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Nyamwaya KD. Determination of the Main Reservoir Hosts of West Nile Virus Among Wild Birds in Tana River County, Kenya
. [Thesis]. University of Nairobi; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11295/97326
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Nairobi
29.
Partoip, Everlyne.
Impact of the outbreak of ebola virus in west africa on perfomance of tourism industry in kenya (2014-2016)
.
Degree: 2016, University of Nairobi
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11295/97170
► Ebola is a deadly disease that has caused a lot of anxiety not only in the affected countries in West Africa but the world at…
(more)
▼ Ebola is a deadly disease that has caused a lot of anxiety not only in the affected countries in West Africa but the world at large. It‟s on this basis that the researcher sought to examine the effects of the outbreak of the Ebola virus in West Africa on the tourism sector in Kenya. The researcher examined this effect through the three specific objectives; to examine the economic implications of Ebola outbreak on Tourism industry in Kenya, to examine the impact of Ebola reporting by the mass media in shaping opinions on Kenya‟s preparedness, to assess the state of preparedness of the Kenya Government in case of an outbreak of an epidemic of global nature. This was done with the thinking that the research is of much significance to the Kenyan government and especially relevant ministries such as the Ministry of Tourism. The study used the agenda setting theory. This study was a qualitative research which employed a survey research design. Out of the target population of employees employed within the tourism sector which stands at 785,382, the researcher sampled 400 respondents. The target population was divided into employees working in the following sectors within the tourism industry; tour operators, hotel sector, airlines and other related businesses like the curio shops. The researcher collected data from both primary and secondary sources. The primary data was collected directly from the respondents which was first-hand information while the secondary data came from existing literature which was done by other scholars before. The data collection tools that were used were basically questionnaires and interviews. The researcher therefore checked on the validity of the various data collection tools before analyzing the collected data through SPSS in order to draw meaningful conclusions. The analyzed data was presented in terms of tables and graphs. The results were used to ascertain the impact of the outbreak of Ebola virus in West Africa on the tourism sector in Kenya. The study found that the respondents agreed that media reports on Ebola outbreak scared potential foreign tourists to Kenya. The study further found that respondents agreed that tourism is a major contributor to Kenya‟s GDP. The study concludes that there are economic implications of Ebola outbreak on Tourism Industry. Further it states that the country also experienced loss in hundreds of thousands of jobs in the sector. The Ebola crisis weakened the capacity to optimally generate revenues and put pressure on public expenditures. The study also concludes the nature of coverage and broadcast of the whole epidemic by media threw unnecessary and fear to many people due to its unique mode of killing, spread and its current status of no vaccine or drugs. Based on the research findings the study recommends preparedness should be strengthened by developing, evaluating and revising response plans based on comprehensive risk analysis taking into account all prevalent hazards. The plans should involve identifying rapid response teams at local and national…
Subjects/Keywords: Ebola Virus in West Africa
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Partoip, E. (2016). Impact of the outbreak of ebola virus in west africa on perfomance of tourism industry in kenya (2014-2016)
. (Thesis). University of Nairobi. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11295/97170
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Partoip, Everlyne. “Impact of the outbreak of ebola virus in west africa on perfomance of tourism industry in kenya (2014-2016)
.” 2016. Thesis, University of Nairobi. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11295/97170.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Partoip, Everlyne. “Impact of the outbreak of ebola virus in west africa on perfomance of tourism industry in kenya (2014-2016)
.” 2016. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Partoip E. Impact of the outbreak of ebola virus in west africa on perfomance of tourism industry in kenya (2014-2016)
. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Nairobi; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11295/97170.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Partoip E. Impact of the outbreak of ebola virus in west africa on perfomance of tourism industry in kenya (2014-2016)
. [Thesis]. University of Nairobi; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11295/97170
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Ghana
30.
Klutse, C.A.
Cultural Exchanges and Their Implications for Regional Integration in West Africa: A Case Study of Ghana and Nigeria
.
Degree: 2018, University of Ghana
URL: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/26593
► Regional integration scholars have written extensively on the role culture plays in the overall success or otherwise of regional integration the world over. The role…
(more)
▼ Regional integration scholars have written extensively on the role culture plays in the overall success or otherwise of regional integration the world over. The role of culture in the integration of Africa has also received some attention. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in 1987, realizing the importance of culture to regional integration, and accepting that the ECOWAS region had such cultural diversity that could be harnessed for the good of the subregion, promulgated a Cultural Protocol. 31 years after the promulgation of the Protocol, very little is known about how member states have implemented the Protocol. Employing primary and secondary data, this study sought to fill this gap, using Ghana and Nigeria as case studies. The study found, among others, that bilateral cultural agreements, which is the first objective of the Protocol, has not been achieved between ECOWAS member states The study concludes by proffering some recommendations for mitigating these challenges, such as public-private partnerships and the sensitization of the populace on the benefits of the cultural activities to the individual governments and to the ECOWAS.
Subjects/Keywords: Cultural;
Regional Integration;
West Africa
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Klutse, C. A. (2018). Cultural Exchanges and Their Implications for Regional Integration in West Africa: A Case Study of Ghana and Nigeria
. (Masters Thesis). University of Ghana. Retrieved from http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/26593
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Klutse, C A. “Cultural Exchanges and Their Implications for Regional Integration in West Africa: A Case Study of Ghana and Nigeria
.” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of Ghana. Accessed February 28, 2021.
http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/26593.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Klutse, C A. “Cultural Exchanges and Their Implications for Regional Integration in West Africa: A Case Study of Ghana and Nigeria
.” 2018. Web. 28 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Klutse CA. Cultural Exchanges and Their Implications for Regional Integration in West Africa: A Case Study of Ghana and Nigeria
. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Ghana; 2018. [cited 2021 Feb 28].
Available from: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/26593.
Council of Science Editors:
Klutse CA. Cultural Exchanges and Their Implications for Regional Integration in West Africa: A Case Study of Ghana and Nigeria
. [Masters Thesis]. University of Ghana; 2018. Available from: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/26593
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