subject:(WRF model)

Iowa State University

1. Duda, Jeffrey Dean. WRF simulations of mesoscale convective systems at convection-allowing resolutions.

Degree: 2011, Iowa State University

URL: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10272

► Mesoscale convective systems (MCS) were studied using both idealized and real data WRF simulations using grid spacings in the range from 0.5 km to 12… (more)

▼ Mesoscale convective systems (MCS) were studied using both idealized and real data WRF simulations using grid spacings in the range from 0.5 km to 12 km with an emphasis on 3 km to determine the necessity of a convective parameterization scheme. The Kain-Fritsch (KF) convective parameterization scheme was used as it is considered to give the best forecasts of precipitation in mesoscale models. The idealized simulations were used to conduct three sets of sensitivity tests. One set tested the ability of the model to adequately resolve typical two-dimensional squall line structure by varying the vertical grid resolution. It was determined that using 81 vertical grid levels was sufficient to model squall lines. A second set tested the sensitivity of the partition of precipitation into microphysics and convective scheme components to horizontal grid spacing. A zone of grid spacing values from about 1 km to about 6 km was identified over which the partition shifts from approximately 10% of precipitation from the KF scheme to anywhere from 60% - 100%. This zone was found to be insensitive to microphysics scheme and somewhat sensitive to initial conditions. The amount of precipitation produced per activation of the deep convective part of the KF scheme was also found to shift significantly across this range of horizontal grid spacing values. The third set tested the sensitivity of precipitation forecasts to five treatments of the scheme. While two of the treatments included the lack of a convective scheme and the unmodified KF scheme, the other three treatments involved modifications to the scheme. These modifications included removing the linear dependence of grid-resolvable vertical velocity on grid spacing, coarsening the vertical motion, temperature, and water vapor mixing ratio fields before the KF scheme ran, and coarsening the heat and moisture tendencies as well as convective scheme precipitation after the KF scheme ran. When applied to a set of three-dimensional real data cases, it was found that the use of no convective scheme and the unmodified KF scheme generally performed the best. However, due to a small sample size, the spread of the data was large and more tests are needed. The conclusions from the sensitivity tests were that the KF scheme becomes less active as grid spacing decreases below horizontal grid spacings of 6 - 8 km. Below 1 km grid spacing, the KF scheme certainly should not be used. However, from 1 km to 3 km, it likely is not necessary to use the KF scheme. Using it at 3 km does not hurt the forecast, however. As other research has shown, there is some use for the KF scheme above 3 km. Three-dimensional real data WRF simulations were conducted at 3 km horizontal resolution for a set of 39 cases involving MCSs across the United States. The KF scheme was not used. Convective initiation was found to err by approximately 150 km in the westsouthwesterly direction with a nearly zero mean timing error. Large scatter was found between the strength of large-scale forcing and the model skill at…

Subjects/Keywords: convective; mesoscale; model; system; WRF; Earth Sciences

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APA (6^th Edition):

Duda, J. D. (2011). WRF simulations of mesoscale convective systems at convection-allowing resolutions. (Thesis). Iowa State University. Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10272

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Duda, Jeffrey Dean. “WRF simulations of mesoscale convective systems at convection-allowing resolutions.” 2011. Thesis, Iowa State University. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10272.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Duda, Jeffrey Dean. “WRF simulations of mesoscale convective systems at convection-allowing resolutions.” 2011. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Duda JD. WRF simulations of mesoscale convective systems at convection-allowing resolutions. [Internet] [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10272.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Duda JD. WRF simulations of mesoscale convective systems at convection-allowing resolutions. [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2011. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10272

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

2. Litta, A J. Computational models for the prediction of severe thunderstorms over east indian region.

Degree: Computer Science, 2013, Cochin University of Science and Technology

URL: http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3709

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Thunderstorm is one of the most spectacular weather phenomena in the atmosphere. Many parts over the Indian region experience thunderstorms at higher frequency during pre-monsoon… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Thunderstorms; Computational Modeling; WRF Modeling System; Artificial nueral network model; WRF-NMM model

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APA (6^th Edition):

Litta, A. J. (2013). Computational models for the prediction of severe thunderstorms over east indian region. (Thesis). Cochin University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3709

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Litta, A J. “Computational models for the prediction of severe thunderstorms over east indian region.” 2013. Thesis, Cochin University of Science and Technology. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3709.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Litta, A J. “Computational models for the prediction of severe thunderstorms over east indian region.” 2013. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Litta AJ. Computational models for the prediction of severe thunderstorms over east indian region. [Internet] [Thesis]. Cochin University of Science and Technology; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3709.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Litta AJ. Computational models for the prediction of severe thunderstorms over east indian region. [Thesis]. Cochin University of Science and Technology; 2013. Available from: http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3709

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Delft University of Technology

3. Vemuri, Adithya (author). A new coupled modelling framework for turbine inflow generation: mesoscale-synthetic turbulence.

Degree: 2019, Delft University of Technology

URL: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6afc130a-df43-4c60-b7a1-5cc7c7cd6713

► At the mercy of strong winds, high wind shear, unstable boundary layer and anomalous atmospheric conditions, stands a wind turbine designed to produce sustainable power… (more)

▼ At the mercy of strong winds, high wind shear, unstable boundary layer and anomalous atmospheric conditions, stands a wind turbine designed to produce sustainable power under harsh conditions. The field of wind energy is a promising prospect for a sustainable future. Diverse research towards the improvement of a wind turbine’s capability and cost is currently the focus of the wind energy industry. With higher wind turbines being designed every day, various challenges and limitations of the current state-of-the-art surface; anomalous atmospheric conditions, structural integrity and cost. The goal of this thesis is to extend the approach to design a site-specific wind turbine considering an anomalous atmospheric condition. By coupling a mesoscale model with a stochastic turbulence function, a wind field capable of depicting a particular atmospheric condition is created. Using an aeroelastic solver the resulting loads on a wind turbine can be simulated. The methodology uses Weather, Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to re-create an event of low-level jet identified at the met mast of FINO-1, off coast Germany. The wind profile is coupled with a stochastic turbulence function designed at FINO-1 to be used as wind field for the aeroelastic solver, FAST. A literature survey identified a multitude of approaches used for simulating a low-level jet and analyse the loads on a wind turbine, the majority of which indicate high computational costs and contrived re-creations of the event. Thus, the challenge was to identify a near-realistic event creation with low computational costs. Therefore, coupling a low-resolution mesoscale model to create the event with a site-specific stochastic turbulence function is used to analyse loads on a wind turbine. Meteorological data analysis at FINO-1 led to the identification of three case studies of low-level jets under varied stability conditions of the atmosphere. The case studies are compared with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard’s, IEC – 61400 – Ed3; IEC Kaimal and IEC Great Planes Low Level Jet (GPLLJ) spectrum. For cases with high stability, on an average proposed model predicts 21% higher stress on blade root and 27% higher at the tower top and base in comparison to IEC GPLLJ and 15% and 30% lower in comparison to IEC Kaimal, respectively. Similarly, under unstable conditions, proposed model predicts similar loads on the blade root, 7% lower loads at the tower top and base in comparison to IEC GPLLJ and 30% higher loads for blade root and tower top and base in comparison to IEC Kaimal. Comparing these results with literature on high stability loading higher loads are expected under these conditions. Concluding, this project developed a model framework to analyse anomalous atmospheric phenomena on a wind turbine specific to a site with low computational costs. While the capabilities of the model have been successfully showcased, only a partial validation on a benchmark case has been carried out. Therefore, going forward a full physical… Advisors/Committee Members: Watson, Simon (mentor), Basu, Sukanta (mentor), Bierbooms, Wim (graduation committee), Delft University of Technology (degree granting institution).

Subjects/Keywords: Wind field modelling; WRF-Wind turbine design; mesoscale-synthetic turbulence; WRF Synthetic turbulence; WRF; FINO1 spectral model

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APA (6^th Edition):

Vemuri, A. (. (2019). A new coupled modelling framework for turbine inflow generation: mesoscale-synthetic turbulence. (Masters Thesis). Delft University of Technology. Retrieved from http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6afc130a-df43-4c60-b7a1-5cc7c7cd6713

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Vemuri, Adithya (author). “A new coupled modelling framework for turbine inflow generation: mesoscale-synthetic turbulence.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Delft University of Technology. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6afc130a-df43-4c60-b7a1-5cc7c7cd6713.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vemuri, Adithya (author). “A new coupled modelling framework for turbine inflow generation: mesoscale-synthetic turbulence.” 2019. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Vemuri A(. A new coupled modelling framework for turbine inflow generation: mesoscale-synthetic turbulence. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6afc130a-df43-4c60-b7a1-5cc7c7cd6713.

Council of Science Editors:

Vemuri A(. A new coupled modelling framework for turbine inflow generation: mesoscale-synthetic turbulence. [Masters Thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2019. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6afc130a-df43-4c60-b7a1-5cc7c7cd6713

York University

4. Mamun, Abdulla Al. Impact of Saharan Dust Aerosols on Radiation and Clouds Over the Tropical East Atlantic Ocean.

Degree: PhD, Physics And Astronomy, 2018, York University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10315/34403

► Aerosols affect the atmospheric processes by interacting with shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiations and also by modifying the cloud microphysics (direct and indirect effects… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Dust aerosol; Aerosol-cloud interaction; Aerosol-radiation interaction; WRF model

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mamun, A. A. (2018). Impact of Saharan Dust Aerosols on Radiation and Clouds Over the Tropical East Atlantic Ocean. (Doctoral Dissertation). York University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10315/34403

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mamun, Abdulla Al. “Impact of Saharan Dust Aerosols on Radiation and Clouds Over the Tropical East Atlantic Ocean.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, York University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10315/34403.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mamun, Abdulla Al. “Impact of Saharan Dust Aerosols on Radiation and Clouds Over the Tropical East Atlantic Ocean.” 2018. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Mamun AA. Impact of Saharan Dust Aerosols on Radiation and Clouds Over the Tropical East Atlantic Ocean. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. York University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10315/34403.

Council of Science Editors:

Mamun AA. Impact of Saharan Dust Aerosols on Radiation and Clouds Over the Tropical East Atlantic Ocean. [Doctoral Dissertation]. York University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10315/34403

University of Manchester

5. Archer-Nicholls, Scott. Evaluated developments in the WRF-Chem Model : comparison with observations and evaluation of impacts.

Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Manchester

URL: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/evaluated-developments-in-the-wrfchem-model-comparison-with-observations-and-evaluation-of-impacts(dbc645e3-8651-4bf3-86b5-a13ed7dbad49).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.632285

► The Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) Model is an “online” regional scale prediction system designed to simulate many detailed meteorological, gas-phase chemical and… (more)

▼ The Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) Model is an “online” regional scale prediction system designed to simulate many detailed meteorological, gas-phase chemical and aerosol processes, with full coupling between the different components. The impacts of aerosol particles are complex and spatially heterogeneous, their impacts varying greatly at the regional scale. Modelling the properties and impacts in a systematic manner requires the coupling between different chemical phases, meteorological and physical parameterisations a model such as WRF-Chem offers. This manuscript documents several developments, and their evaluation, that have been made to the WRF-chem model to improve its representation of detailed gas-phase chemical and aerosol processes. The first study gives an overview of developments made for modeling the North-West European region, including the addition of a new semi-explicit chemical mechanism, N2O5 heterogeneous chemistry and modifications to the sea-spray emissions routine to include fine-mode organic material. The broad impacts of these developments were assessed in the study, while a follow up paper (included in supplementary material) investigated more deeply the impacts of N2O5 heterogeneous chemistry. The second study discusses modifications to WRF-Chem and emission products to improve modelled representation of biomass burning aerosol particles over Brazil. Model results were compared with aircraft measurements and found to represent aerosol particle size distributions and cloud condensation nuclei concentrations reasonably well, but too much biomass burning aerosol were transported up to high altitudes (4-8 km) by the model. In the third study, nested simulations (at higher resolutions than those used in the second study) over Brazil were used to evaluate the impact of aerosol particles on the local radiative balance, by comparing model results from simulations with and with- out aerosol-radiative feedbacks. The instantaneous clear sky aerosol-radiation forcings were found to have a net cooling of -5.0 W m−2 at the top of the atmosphere. Issues with resolving aerosol–cloud interactions, because of the convective parameterisation and differences in model setup across scales, made evaluating semi- and indirect effects impossible.

Subjects/Keywords: 551.63; WRF-Chem; Aerosol; Online model; Biomass burning; Black Carbon

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Archer-Nicholls, S. (2014). Evaluated developments in the WRF-Chem Model : comparison with observations and evaluation of impacts. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/evaluated-developments-in-the-wrfchem-model-comparison-with-observations-and-evaluation-of-impacts(dbc645e3-8651-4bf3-86b5-a13ed7dbad49).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.632285

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Archer-Nicholls, Scott. “Evaluated developments in the WRF-Chem Model : comparison with observations and evaluation of impacts.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/evaluated-developments-in-the-wrfchem-model-comparison-with-observations-and-evaluation-of-impacts(dbc645e3-8651-4bf3-86b5-a13ed7dbad49).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.632285.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Archer-Nicholls, Scott. “Evaluated developments in the WRF-Chem Model : comparison with observations and evaluation of impacts.” 2014. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Archer-Nicholls S. Evaluated developments in the WRF-Chem Model : comparison with observations and evaluation of impacts. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/evaluated-developments-in-the-wrfchem-model-comparison-with-observations-and-evaluation-of-impacts(dbc645e3-8651-4bf3-86b5-a13ed7dbad49).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.632285.

Council of Science Editors:

Archer-Nicholls S. Evaluated developments in the WRF-Chem Model : comparison with observations and evaluation of impacts. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2014. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/evaluated-developments-in-the-wrfchem-model-comparison-with-observations-and-evaluation-of-impacts(dbc645e3-8651-4bf3-86b5-a13ed7dbad49).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.632285

University of Washington

6. Conrick, Robert John Cuson. An Evaluation of Simulated Microphysics over Terrain during the OLYMPEX Field Campaign.

Degree: 2018, University of Washington

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/42194

► The OLYMPEX field campaign of winter 2015-2016 offers the opportunity to assess the performance of model physics over a coastal mountain range. This thesis explores… (more)

▼ The OLYMPEX field campaign of winter 2015-2016 offers the opportunity to assess the performance of model physics over a coastal mountain range. This thesis explores precipitation and microphysics simulations, and investigates the ability of full-physics simulations from the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) to simulate Kelvin-Helmholtz waves. First, moist physics is assessed from the perspective of precipitation for a variety of microphysics and planetary boundary parameterizations. Over the period from November 2015 to February 2016, WRF and the 13-km NOAA/NWS GFS model precipitation accumulation was underpredicted over the windward (western) side and crests of the Olympic Mountains. Underprediction was greatest where observed precipitation was largest. Two major atmospheric river type events (November 12-15, November 16-19) were examined in detail using a variety of physics choices. Improved simulation skill was generally limited to increasing resolution from 36 to 12-km, with substantial variability among microphysics and PBL choices. For the two cases noted above, warm-period precipitation maxima occurred farther up the valley than observed, with a tendency for underprediction. Differences in simulated microphysics are also examined, with results indicating the tendency of WRF to produce rain particles that are larger and less numerous than observations. Next, two Kelvin-Helmholtz wave (KH; December 12th and December 17th) events were simulated to further evaluate model physics at short spatial and temporal scales. Waves were realistically simulated at 444-m grid spacing, including reproducing the location and structure of waves. Waves were shown to be resolution-dependent and only adequately represented at 444-m grid spacing due to their 3-5 km wavelengths. In both cases, waves developed as the result of an intense shear layer, caused by low-level easterly flow. The Olympic Mountains enhanced wave amplitudes, and removing the Olympic Mountains eliminated wave activity in the December 12th case. When waves were within the melting level (December 12th), simulated microphysical fields experienced considerable oscillatory behavior; when waves were below the melting level (December 17th), the microphysical response was attenuated. Turning off moist physics and latent heating resulted in weaker KH waves, while varying physics choices resulted in variability in the amount of hydrometeors produced and the strength of the waves’ vertical velocities. Advisors/Committee Members: Mass, Clifford F (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Kelvin-Helmholtz; microphysics; model evaluation; precipitation; WRF; Atmospheric sciences; Atmospheric sciences

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APA (6^th Edition):

Conrick, R. J. C. (2018). An Evaluation of Simulated Microphysics over Terrain during the OLYMPEX Field Campaign. (Thesis). University of Washington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1773/42194

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Conrick, Robert John Cuson. “An Evaluation of Simulated Microphysics over Terrain during the OLYMPEX Field Campaign.” 2018. Thesis, University of Washington. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/42194.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Conrick, Robert John Cuson. “An Evaluation of Simulated Microphysics over Terrain during the OLYMPEX Field Campaign.” 2018. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Conrick RJC. An Evaluation of Simulated Microphysics over Terrain during the OLYMPEX Field Campaign. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Washington; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/42194.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Conrick RJC. An Evaluation of Simulated Microphysics over Terrain during the OLYMPEX Field Campaign. [Thesis]. University of Washington; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/42194

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Uppsala University

7. Svensson, Martin. An Investigation of the Relation between Sea Breeze Circulation and Diurnal Variation of Methane at a Swedish Lake.

Degree: LUVAL, 2015, Uppsala University

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-253626

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Methane measurements over lake Tämnaren show a pronounced diurnal variation with high values at night and low values during daytime. The atmosphere over the… (more)

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Methane measurements over lake Tämnaren show a pronounced diurnal variation with high values at night and low values during daytime. The atmosphere over the lake and its surroundings is simulated with two different settings and resolutions of the WRF model during a period of eight days in May 2011 to investigate if a lake/land breeze circulation could be the cause of the observed methane variation. A night time land breeze can give rise to convergence over Tämnaren of the natural methane emissions from the lake which possibly could explain the diurnal variation. Analysis show that although Tämnaren is large enough to initiate a fully closed circulation these events are likely going to be rare because of the strong dependence of the background wind speed and cannot therefore be the cause of the pronounced diurnal variation. A fairly moderate wind speed will dominate over the thermodynamical forcing necessary to create a lake breeze. Even so, it is possible that a closed or nearly closed circulation could enhance the diurnal pattern with an increase of methane concentration at night and a decrease during the day. The reason for the high night time methane concentration is more likely due to the accumulation in a shallow internal boundary layer that develops over the lake combined with high night time methane flux caused by waterside convection.

Mätningar av metankoncentrationen över Tämnaren visar en tydlig dygnsvariation med höga värden på natten och låga under dagtid. Atmosfären över sjön med omgivning modelleras med två olika inställningar och upplösningar av WRF modellen under en åttadagarsperiod i Maj 2011 för att undersöka om en sjö- och landbriscirkulation kan vara orsaken till den observerade metanvariationen. På natten kan en landbris ge upphov till konvergens över Tämnaren av de naturliga metanutsläppen vilket skulle kunna vara en möjlig förklaring till dygnsvariationen. Vidare analys visar att Tämnaren är tillräckligt stor för att initiera en sluten cirkulation men dessa händelser är troligtvis sällsynta på grund av det starka inflytandet av bakgrundsvinden och kan därför inte vara orsaken till den uttalade metanvariationen. En relativt måttlig vind kommer dominera över den termodynamiska effekt som är drivande för skapandet av sjö- och landbris. Trots detta är det möjligt att en sluten eller nästan sluten cirkulation kan förstärka metanhaltens dygnsvariation med en ökning på natten och minskning under dagen. Orsaken till den observerade höga metankoncentrationen på natten är troligare en ackumulering i ett grunt internt ytskikt som bildas över Tämnaren kombinerat med höga nattliga metanflöden till följd av konvektion i sjön.

Subjects/Keywords: WRF model; Sea breeze; methane emission; diurnal variation; internal boundary layer; WRF-modellen; sjöbris; metanemission; dygnsvariation; internt gränsskikt

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APA (6^th Edition):

Svensson, M. (2015). An Investigation of the Relation between Sea Breeze Circulation and Diurnal Variation of Methane at a Swedish Lake. (Thesis). Uppsala University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-253626

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Svensson, Martin. “An Investigation of the Relation between Sea Breeze Circulation and Diurnal Variation of Methane at a Swedish Lake.” 2015. Thesis, Uppsala University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-253626.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Svensson, Martin. “An Investigation of the Relation between Sea Breeze Circulation and Diurnal Variation of Methane at a Swedish Lake.” 2015. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Svensson M. An Investigation of the Relation between Sea Breeze Circulation and Diurnal Variation of Methane at a Swedish Lake. [Internet] [Thesis]. Uppsala University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-253626.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Svensson M. An Investigation of the Relation between Sea Breeze Circulation and Diurnal Variation of Methane at a Swedish Lake. [Thesis]. Uppsala University; 2015. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-253626

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

8. Diagne, Hadja Maïmouna. Gestion intelligente du réseau électrique réunionnais. Prévision de la ressource solaire en milieu insulaire : Intelligent management of electrical grid from La Reunion. Solar irradiance forecasting in an insular grid.

Degree: Docteur es, Énergie, 2015, Université de la Réunion

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0014

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L'intégration de la production des énergies renouvelables intermittentes dans le mix énergétique est aujourd'hui limitée à un seuil de 30 % de la puissance totale… (more)

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L'intégration de la production des énergies renouvelables intermittentes dans le mix énergétique est aujourd'hui limitée à un seuil de 30 % de la puissance totale produite. Cette mesure vise à assurer la sécurité de l'alimentation électrique des réseaux insulaires en France. La levée de ce verrou technique ne pourra se faire qu'en apportant des solutions au caractère intermittent des sources d'énergies éolienne et photovoltaïque. Les difficultés énergétiques auxquelles sont confrontés aujourd'hui les milieux insulaires préfigurent celles que rencontreront la planète à plus ou moins long terme. Ces territoires sont des laboratoires uniques pour éprouver les nouvelles technologies de stockage, de gestion et de prévision de l'énergie. La contribution de ce travail de thèse se focalise sur la prévision du rayonnement solaire global à différents horizons de temps car la puissance photovoltaïque produite découle directement de l'intensité du rayonnement solaire global. Dans un premier temps, l'étude bibliographique a permis de classer les modèles de prévision numériques et les modèles de prévision statistiques en fonction de la résolution spatiale et temporelle. Par ailleurs, elle montre que les meilleurs performances sont obtenues avec les modèles hybrides. Dans un deuxième temps, un modèle de prévisions à court terme (J+1) est proposé avec le modèle Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) et un réseau de neurone bayésien. L'hybridation de ces deux méthodes améliore les performances de prévisions à J+1. Dans un troisième temps, un modèle de prévision à très court terme (t+h) est proposé avec le modèle hybride de Kalman. Cette méthode produit d'une part une prévision énergétique et d'autre part une prévision multi-horizon. La comparaison de la performance de ces modèles avec la méthode de référence dite de persistance montre une amélioration de la qualité de la prévision. Enfin, la combinaison du filtre de Kalman avec le modèle numérique WRF permet une mise en œuvre opérationnelle de la prévision.

The integration of intermittent renewable energy in the energy mix is currently limited to a threshold of 30% of the total power being produced. This restriction aims at ensuring the safety of the power input. The elimination of this technical obstacle will be possible with solutions to energy intermittence of wind and solar energy. The energy issues which islands are facing today prefigure global problems in a more or less long term. These territories constitute unique laboratories for testing new technologies of storage, management and forecasting of energy. The contribution of this thesis focuses on the forecasting of global horizontal irradiance at different time horizons. Indeed, the generated PV power stems directly from the intensity of the global horizontal irradiance. First, the review of solar irradiance forecasting methods allows to classify numerical weather models and statistical forecasting methods depending on spatial and temporal resolution. Moreover, it shows that best performance is obtained with hybrid…

Advisors/Committee Members: Lauret, Alfred Jean-Philippe (thesis director), Courdier, Rémy (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Prévision; Réseau de neurones bayésien; Modèle WRF; Modèle hybride; Kalman; Rayonnement global horizontal; Forecasting; Bayesian neural network; WRF model; Hybrid model; Kalman; Global horizontal irradiance

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APA (6^th Edition):

Diagne, H. M. (2015). Gestion intelligente du réseau électrique réunionnais. Prévision de la ressource solaire en milieu insulaire : Intelligent management of electrical grid from La Reunion. Solar irradiance forecasting in an insular grid. (Doctoral Dissertation). Université de la Réunion. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0014

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Diagne, Hadja Maïmouna. “Gestion intelligente du réseau électrique réunionnais. Prévision de la ressource solaire en milieu insulaire : Intelligent management of electrical grid from La Reunion. Solar irradiance forecasting in an insular grid.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Université de la Réunion. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0014.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Diagne, Hadja Maïmouna. “Gestion intelligente du réseau électrique réunionnais. Prévision de la ressource solaire en milieu insulaire : Intelligent management of electrical grid from La Reunion. Solar irradiance forecasting in an insular grid.” 2015. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Diagne HM. Gestion intelligente du réseau électrique réunionnais. Prévision de la ressource solaire en milieu insulaire : Intelligent management of electrical grid from La Reunion. Solar irradiance forecasting in an insular grid. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Université de la Réunion; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0014.

Council of Science Editors:

Diagne HM. Gestion intelligente du réseau électrique réunionnais. Prévision de la ressource solaire en milieu insulaire : Intelligent management of electrical grid from La Reunion. Solar irradiance forecasting in an insular grid. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Université de la Réunion; 2015. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0014

Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul

9. Schramm, Juliana. Estudo da dispersão de poluentes em uma usina termelétrica localizada em linhares utilizando o modelo Calpuff.

Degree: 2016, Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/148658

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O presente estudo visa à obtenção de um modelo utilizando o acoplamento dos códigos WRF e CALPUFF com o objetivo de obter as características do… (more)

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O presente estudo visa à obtenção de um modelo utilizando o acoplamento dos códigos WRF e CALPUFF com o objetivo de obter as características do campo meteorológico e da dispersão dos poluentes NO2 e SO2 de uma Usina Termelétrica localizada em Linhares. Foi utilizada uma grade de 100×100 células, com resolução de 1 km durante 90 h. Para vias de comparação, outra simulação foi feita sem a entrada do modelo WRF no CALMET, utilizando uma grade 15×15 sem modificar nenhum outro parâmetro. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com dados do aeroporto de Vitória e com a legislação ambiental vigente. Para a camada limite planetária, o resultado obtido da simulação WRF/CALMET se encontra dentro da faixa encontrada na literatura. Os demais resultados, média de velocidade e direção do vento, para as duas simulações diferem entre si e dos dados do aeroporto, fato que já era esperado devido à distância e orografia entre a Usina e os dados da estação utilizados como entrada nos modelos. A concentração máxima obtida para os poluentes estudados se encontram dentro dos padrões de qualidade do ar. Devido à falta de dados observacionais, não foi possível uma genuína validação dos resultados, mas, sabendo a localização dos picos, foi possível sugerir locais de amostragem para futura comprovação dos resultados.

This study aims to create a model using the coupling of the WRF and CALPUFF codes in order to obtain characteristics of the meteorological field and the dispersion of pollutants NO2 and SO2 of a power plant located at the city of Linhares. The field consists of a grid of 100×100 cells resolution of 1 km for 90 h. Another simulation was made without using WRF as an input into CALMET, in the purpose of comparison, using a 15×15 grid and no change of other parameters. The results were compared to data from the airport of Vitória and against environmental legislation. For the planetary boundary layer the results of WRF/CALMET simulation are within the range found in the literature. The results of average wind speed and direction obtained by both simulations are different from each other and from the data of the airport,such as expected due to the distance and orography of the power plant and station data used as input into the models. The maximum concentrations of the pollutants are within air quality standards. Due to lack of observational data, genuine validation of the results is not feasible, but knowing the location of the concentration peak, it was possible to propose suitable sampling sites for future verification.

Advisors/Committee Members: Vilhena, Marco Tullio Menna Barreto de.

Subjects/Keywords: Dispersion; Dispersão de poluentes; Usinas termelétricas; CALPUFF; WRF; Modelos matemáticos; Air quality; Model

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APA (6^th Edition):

Schramm, J. (2016). Estudo da dispersão de poluentes em uma usina termelétrica localizada em linhares utilizando o modelo Calpuff. (Thesis). Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10183/148658

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Schramm, Juliana. “Estudo da dispersão de poluentes em uma usina termelétrica localizada em linhares utilizando o modelo Calpuff.” 2016. Thesis, Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/148658.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Schramm, Juliana. “Estudo da dispersão de poluentes em uma usina termelétrica localizada em linhares utilizando o modelo Calpuff.” 2016. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Schramm J. Estudo da dispersão de poluentes em uma usina termelétrica localizada em linhares utilizando o modelo Calpuff. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/148658.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Schramm J. Estudo da dispersão de poluentes em uma usina termelétrica localizada em linhares utilizando o modelo Calpuff. [Thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/148658

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

10. Moubarak, Roger. Wind Speed Prediction using Global and Regional Based Virtual Towers in CFD Simulations.

Degree: Energy and Environment, 2011, Gotland University

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-217093

► Wind farm assessment is a costly and time consuming process when it is planned by traditional methods such as a met mast. Therefore, new… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Global-Regional Global Model; Era Interim; StormGeo; WRF; ECMWF; Data Series; WindSim; Hindcast

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APA (6^th Edition):

Moubarak, R. (2011). Wind Speed Prediction using Global and Regional Based Virtual Towers in CFD Simulations. (Thesis). Gotland University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-217093

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Moubarak, Roger. “Wind Speed Prediction using Global and Regional Based Virtual Towers in CFD Simulations.” 2011. Thesis, Gotland University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-217093.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Moubarak, Roger. “Wind Speed Prediction using Global and Regional Based Virtual Towers in CFD Simulations.” 2011. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Moubarak R. Wind Speed Prediction using Global and Regional Based Virtual Towers in CFD Simulations. [Internet] [Thesis]. Gotland University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-217093.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Moubarak R. Wind Speed Prediction using Global and Regional Based Virtual Towers in CFD Simulations. [Thesis]. Gotland University; 2011. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-217093

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Guelph

11. Nahian, Md. Rafsan. Complex Meteorology over Complex Terrains: Assessment of Topography, Land Use, Grid Resolution, and PBL Scheme Modifications in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model.

Degree: Master of Applied Science, School of Engineering, 2019, University of Guelph

URL: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/16976

► The performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is evaluated in predicting the meteorological conditions over complex terrains, such as an urban area… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Weather Model; WRF; Sensitivity Test; Complex Terrain; Topography; Land Use; Grid Resolution; PBL Scheme

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nahian, M. R. (2019). Complex Meteorology over Complex Terrains: Assessment of Topography, Land Use, Grid Resolution, and PBL Scheme Modifications in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. (Masters Thesis). University of Guelph. Retrieved from https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/16976

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nahian, Md Rafsan. “Complex Meteorology over Complex Terrains: Assessment of Topography, Land Use, Grid Resolution, and PBL Scheme Modifications in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model.” 2019. Masters Thesis, University of Guelph. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/16976.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nahian, Md Rafsan. “Complex Meteorology over Complex Terrains: Assessment of Topography, Land Use, Grid Resolution, and PBL Scheme Modifications in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model.” 2019. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Nahian MR. Complex Meteorology over Complex Terrains: Assessment of Topography, Land Use, Grid Resolution, and PBL Scheme Modifications in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Guelph; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/16976.

Council of Science Editors:

Nahian MR. Complex Meteorology over Complex Terrains: Assessment of Topography, Land Use, Grid Resolution, and PBL Scheme Modifications in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. [Masters Thesis]. University of Guelph; 2019. Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/16976

12. Ramos, Diogo Nunes da Silva. Mapeamento eólico do estado de Alagoas utilizando ferramentas computacionais e dados observados.

Degree: 2011, Universidade Federal de Alagoas

URL: http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/896

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With the growing energy demand and the opportunity for exploitation of renewable energy (wind energy), this paper performs the mapping of wind potential in Alagoas.… (more)

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With the growing energy demand and the opportunity for exploitation of renewable energy (wind energy), this paper performs the mapping of wind potential in Alagoas. This study is based on the use of anemometer measurements between August/2007 to July/2008, as also computational tools: mesoscale atmospheric model (WRF); numerical model of microscale (WAsP®); data from Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The stations with anemometers were geographically distributed in three mesoregions of the State: Backwoods Sertão (Água Branca), Rural Agreste (Girau do Ponciano and Palmeira dos Índios) and Coast Litoral (Feliz Deserto, Maragogi and Roteiro). WRF simulations have validated by time series (daily average, monthly average and diurnal cycles), statistical analysis and Weibull distributions. It was also evaluated using WAsP as a tool for calculating the spatial wind speed in microscale. The input data in WAsP, in addition to the WRF model simulations and the preparation of various maps, were all treated and developed in the ArcGIS® software. The results showed greater efficiency in the WRF simulation of wind speed for sites to the interior of Alagoas, with bias less than 1 m.s-1. These estimates were more accurate during the summer season (bias less than 0.5 m.s-1) and more disparate in winter, with average error of up to 3 m.s-1. For the Coast, these values were overestimated by more than 3 m.s-1, except in Maragogi. The wind direction from WRF was calculated with accuracy in all sites, being dominant in the east coast, east to northeast in Rural, and southeast in Água Branca. The annual wind map for WRF for Alagoas showed areas with good potential energy, the magnitude of the wind varies between 7-9 m.s-1 at 50 meters high. Application of the WAsP in the microscale showed good resemblance to the maps obtained in the Wind Atlas of the State of Alagoas - AEEA. The models achieved satisfactory results, but still need to be improved in some respects.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Com a crescente demanda energética e a oportunidade de exploração de energia renovável (eólica), este trabalho realiza o mapeamento do potencial eólico em Alagoas. Este trabalho é baseado no uso de medições anemométricas entre agosto/2007 a julho/2008, além de ferramentas computacionais: modelo atmosférico de mesoescala (WRF); modelo numérico de microescala (WAsP®); dados de sistemas de informações geográficas (SIG). As estações anemométricas foram distribuídas geograficamente nas três mesorregiões do Estado: Sertão (Água Branca), Agreste (Girau do Ponciano e Palmeira dos Índios) e Litoral (Feliz Deserto, Maragogi e Roteiro). As simulações do WRF foram validadas através de séries temporais (médias diárias, mensais, ciclos diurnos), análises estatísticas e Distribuições de Weibull. Avaliaram-se ainda o uso do WAsP como ferramenta para cálculo espacial da velocidade do vento em microescala. Os dados de entrada no WAsP, além das simulações do modelo WRF e da elaboração de diversos mapas, foram todos…

Advisors/Committee Members: Lyra, Roberto Fernando da Fonseca, CPF:25009915472, http://lattes.cnpq.br/4402659341854500, Silva Junior, Rosiberto Salustiano da, CPF:03253415406, http://lattes.cnpq.br/1798232201205174, Amorim, Ricardo Ferreira Carlos de, CPF:45934274449, AMORIM, R. F. C., Martins, Fernando Ramos, CPF:08454653848, http://lattes.cnpq.br/9012359647335296.

Subjects/Keywords: Vento; Mapeamento eólico; Modelo WRF; Sistemas de informações geográficas; WAsP; Wind; Wind power mapping; WRF model; Geographic information system; WAsP; CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::GEOCIENCIAS::METEOROLOGIA

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ramos, D. N. d. S. (2011). Mapeamento eólico do estado de Alagoas utilizando ferramentas computacionais e dados observados. (Masters Thesis). Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Retrieved from http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/896

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ramos, Diogo Nunes da Silva. “Mapeamento eólico do estado de Alagoas utilizando ferramentas computacionais e dados observados.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/896.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ramos, Diogo Nunes da Silva. “Mapeamento eólico do estado de Alagoas utilizando ferramentas computacionais e dados observados.” 2011. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ramos DNdS. Mapeamento eólico do estado de Alagoas utilizando ferramentas computacionais e dados observados. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universidade Federal de Alagoas; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/896.

Council of Science Editors:

Ramos DNdS. Mapeamento eólico do estado de Alagoas utilizando ferramentas computacionais e dados observados. [Masters Thesis]. Universidade Federal de Alagoas; 2011. Available from: http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/896

13. Bender, Fabiani Denise. Verificação da previsão do tempo em São Paulo com o modelo operacional WRF.

Degree: Mestrado, Meteorologia, 2012, University of São Paulo

URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-19122012-120128/ ;

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Este estudo tem como objetivo a verificação das previsões diárias, das temperaturas máxima e mínima e precipitação acumulada, realizadas pelo modelo operacional de previsão numérica… (more)

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Este estudo tem como objetivo a verificação das previsões diárias, das temperaturas máxima e mínima e precipitação acumulada, realizadas pelo modelo operacional de previsão numérica do tempo WRF (Weather Research Forecasting) para o estado de São Paulo. As condições iniciais e de fronteira fornecidas pela análise e previsão das 00UTC do modelo Global Forecast System (GFS), são usados no processamento do WRF, para previsões de 72 horas, em duas grades aninhadas (espaçamentos horizontais de grade de 50 km, D1, e 16,6 km, D2). O período avaliado foi de abril de 2010 a março de 2011. As comparações diárias das temperaturas máxima e mínima foram realizadas entre os valores preditos e observados nas estações de superfície de Registro, São Paulo, Paranapanema, Campinas, Presidente Prudente e Votuporanga (dados da CIIAGRO); através do erro médio (EM) e raiz do erro médio quadrático (REQM), para os prognósticos das 36, 60 e 72 horas. A precipitação acumulada diária é avaliada com relação ao produto MERGE, pela aplicação da ferramenta MODE, na previsão das 36 horas, para um limiar de 0,3 mm, no domínio espacial abrangendo o Estado de São Paulo e vizinhanças. Primeiramente, fez-se uma análise, comparando os pares de grade dos campos previsto e observado, utilizando os índices estatísticos de verificação tradicional de probabilidade de acerto (PA); índice crítico de sucesso (ICS); viés (VIÉS); probabilidade de detecção (PD) e razão de falso alarme (RFA). Posteriormente, foram analisados os campos de precipitação com relação à razão de área (RA); distância dos centroides (DC); razões de percentil 50 (RP50) e 90 (RP90). Os resultados evidenciaram que as saídas numéricas do modelo WRF com D2 tiveram desempenho melhor comparado à grade de menor resolução (maior espaçamento de grade horizontal, D1), tanto no prognóstico diário das temperaturas (máxima e mínima) quanto da precipitação acumulada. A temperatura apresentou um padrão de amortecimento, com temperaturas diárias máxima subestimada e mínima superestimada. Com relação à precipitação, as saídas numéricas do modelo GFS e WRF com D2 mostraram desempenho semelhante, com o D2 apresentando índices ligeiramente melhores, enquanto que as saídas numéricas do modelo WRF com D1 exibiram pior desempenho. Verificou-se um padrão de superestimativa, tanto em termos de abrangência espacial quanto em intensidade, para o modelo GFS e WRF em ambos os domínios simulados, ao longo de todo o período analisado. O percentil 50 é, geralmente, maior que o observado; entretanto, o percentil 90 é mais próximo ao observado. Os resultados também indicam que o viés dos modelos varia ao longo do ano analisado. Os melhores índices tanto com relação à precipitação quanto à temperatura foram obtidos para a estação de verão, com o modelo WRF com D2 apresentando melhores prognósticos. Entretanto, os modelos apresentam os maiores erros no inverno e no outono. Estes erros foram decorrentes de subestimativas das temperaturas máximas e superestimativas de área e intensidade de precipitação.

Forecasts of daily…

Advisors/Committee Members: Ynoue, Rita Yuri.

Subjects/Keywords: Estado de São Paulo.; Modelo WRF; Operational numerical weather forecasting; Previsão numérica do tempo operacional; State of São Paulo.; verificação; verification; WRF Model

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Bender, F. D. (2012). Verificação da previsão do tempo em São Paulo com o modelo operacional WRF. (Masters Thesis). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-19122012-120128/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bender, Fabiani Denise. “Verificação da previsão do tempo em São Paulo com o modelo operacional WRF.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of São Paulo. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-19122012-120128/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bender, Fabiani Denise. “Verificação da previsão do tempo em São Paulo com o modelo operacional WRF.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Bender FD. Verificação da previsão do tempo em São Paulo com o modelo operacional WRF. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-19122012-120128/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Bender FD. Verificação da previsão do tempo em São Paulo com o modelo operacional WRF. [Masters Thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2012. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-19122012-120128/ ;

Penn State University

14. Sieron, Scott Buku. Passive Microwave Forward Modeling and Ensemble-Based Data Assimilation within a Regional-Scale Tropical Cyclone Model.

Degree: 2019, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17330sbs5130

► Passive microwave (PMW) observations are informative of liquid and ice water contents, qualities which well-characterize tropical cyclones (TCs). Their successful assimilation with weather forecast models… (more)

▼ Passive microwave (PMW) observations are informative of liquid and ice water contents, qualities which well-characterize tropical cyclones (TCs). Their successful assimilation with weather forecast models could help improve TC forecasts. The Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) forward model’s representation of clouds mischaracterize certain differing assumptions between microphysics schemes (MPSs) and may also be overall inconsistent with many MPSs. Three forecasts using the Weather Research and Forecasting model, each using a different MPS, are used with the CRTM to simulate PMW brightness temperatures (BTs). Cloud scattering look-up tables (LUTs) are constructed for consistency with each scheme. The custom and default LUTs lead to vastly different BTs from each other and to observations. There are cold biases across the MW spectrum, and BTs at 183 GHz are warmer than at ~90 GHz. New lookup tables for the WSM6 scheme are produced in which non-spherical particles replace the soft spheres implied by MPSs. Sector snowflakes for snow best resolves the issue of relatively warm 183 GHz BTs, but worsens the overall cold bias at high frequencies. Cold biases at lower frequencies caused by graupel could not be physically resolved. However, PMW BTs simulated from the mean state of ensemble members match well to observations, suggesting that ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) assimilation could succeed. This hypothesis is tested using a regional-scale TC model. Infrared (IR) and conventional observations are assimilated, along with ~19-GHz and 183.31±6.6-GHz PMW observations, representing liquid and ice water contents, respectively. IR is assimilated when PMW observations are not available, otherwise different combinations of PMW and IR assimilation were tested. The precipitation structures implied by PMW BTs in both the EnKF analysis and subsequent short-term forecasts match better to observations versus assimilating only IR. PMW assimilation leads to significant and intuitive increments to thermodynamic and dynamic variables, and does not significantly degrade intensity and track forecasts from assimilating only IR. PMW assimilation may be more successful with further changes to data assimilation procedures, the application of the CRTM, and MW cloud scattering properties. Additional experiments may inform on the best procedures and be more conclusive of the impacts of PMW assimilation. Advisors/Committee Members: Eugene Edmund Clothiaux, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Eugene Edmund Clothiaux, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Matthew Robert Kumjian, Committee Member, Xingchao Chen, Committee Member, Jia Li, Outside Member, David Jonathan Stensrud, Program Head/Chair.

Subjects/Keywords: Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM); Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF); hurricanes; tropical cyclones; data assimilation; microwave; infrared; satellite

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sieron, S. B. (2019). Passive Microwave Forward Modeling and Ensemble-Based Data Assimilation within a Regional-Scale Tropical Cyclone Model. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17330sbs5130

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sieron, Scott Buku. “Passive Microwave Forward Modeling and Ensemble-Based Data Assimilation within a Regional-Scale Tropical Cyclone Model.” 2019. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17330sbs5130.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sieron, Scott Buku. “Passive Microwave Forward Modeling and Ensemble-Based Data Assimilation within a Regional-Scale Tropical Cyclone Model.” 2019. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Sieron SB. Passive Microwave Forward Modeling and Ensemble-Based Data Assimilation within a Regional-Scale Tropical Cyclone Model. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17330sbs5130.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sieron SB. Passive Microwave Forward Modeling and Ensemble-Based Data Assimilation within a Regional-Scale Tropical Cyclone Model. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2019. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17330sbs5130

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

North Carolina State University

15. Hu, Xiaoming. Incorporation of the Model of Aerosol Dynamics, Reaction, Ionization, and Dissolution (MADRID) into the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF/Chem): Model Development and Retrospective Applications.

Degree: PhD, Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 2009, North Carolina State University

URL: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/5241

► Gas/particle mass transfer process plays an important role in determining aerosol mass concentrations and shaping aerosol size distribution. Its treatments in three dimensional (3-D) Air… (more)

▼ Gas/particle mass transfer process plays an important role in determining aerosol mass concentrations and shaping aerosol size distribution. Its treatments in three dimensional (3-D) Air Quality Models (AQMs), however, are largely uncertain. In this thesis work, the gas/particle mass transfer approaches in an aerosol module are improved and evaluated to identify an accurate yet computationally efficient approach for use in 3-D AQMs. The aerosol module with the improved gas/particle mass transfer approaches has been incorporated into a state-of-science air quality forecasting (AQF) system and evaluated with two 3-D applications. Several stand alone condensation schemes used in AQMs are first evaluated with a hypothetical condensation-only case. The original formulation of the Bott scheme as implemented in several AQMs is found to be subject to upstream diffusion thus does not warrant continuous use without modifications. The analytical predictor of condensation with a moving center approach (APC_MC) is shown to be more accurate than the Bott and Trajectory-Grid (T-G) condensation schemes, thus has been incorporated into the Model of Aerosol Dynamics, Reaction, Ionization and Dissolution (MADRID) to solve the gas/particle mass transfer process explicitly. The improved hybrid (i.e., hybrid/APC_MC) and kinetic (i.e., kinetic/APC_MC) approaches and the pre-existing bulk equilibrium approach in MADRID are tested using observational data. The hybrid/APC_MC and kinetic/APC_MC are recommended for 3-D applications due to the best compromise between accuracy and computational efficiency. The improved MADRID has been incorporated into WRF/Chem (referred to as WRF/Chem-MADRID hereafter). WRF/Chem-MADRID with three gas/particle mass transfer approaches (i.e., bulk equilibrium (EQUI), hybrid/APC_MC (HYBR), and kinetic/APC_MC (KINE)) has been tested and evaluated with a 5-day episode from the TexAQS-2000. WRF/Chem-MADRID simulates meteorological parameters fairly well. Simulated hourly O3 shows a high correlation coefficient (0.83) with observations and the overall bias is about -1.8 ppb. Some daily peak O3 mixing ratios are underpredicted, which is possibly due to uncertainties in emissions, inaccurate predictions of small scale meteorological processes, and missing of an OH source and chlorine chemistry in the gas phase mechanism. WRF/Chem-MADRID (EQUI), (HYBR), and (KINE) overpredict PM2.5 by 37.1%, 35.8%, and 36.5%, respectively. Major differences in simulation results by three gas/particle mass transfer approaches occur over coastal areas, where WRF/Chem-MADRID (EQUI) predicts higher PM2.5 concentrations than those predicted by WRF/Chem-MADRID (HYBR) and (KINE) due to improperly redistributing condensed nitrate from the chloride depletion process to fine mode. In comparison, WRF/Chem-MADRID (KINE) correctly predicts chloride depletion process. WRF/Chem-MADRID (HYBR) predicts chloride depletion process correctly for the last two sections (sections 7 and 8), which are solved by the kinetic approach, while the… Advisors/Committee Members: Pal Arya, Committee Member (advisor), Ken Schere, Committee Member (advisor), Yang Zhang, Committee Chair (advisor), Lian Xie, Committee Member (advisor), Sethu Raman, Committee Member (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Gas/particle mass transfer; WRF/Chem; Air quality model; MADRID; Aerosol dynamics and thermodynamics; Condensation/evaporation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hu, X. (2009). Incorporation of the Model of Aerosol Dynamics, Reaction, Ionization, and Dissolution (MADRID) into the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF/Chem): Model Development and Retrospective Applications. (Doctoral Dissertation). North Carolina State University. Retrieved from http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/5241

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hu, Xiaoming. “Incorporation of the Model of Aerosol Dynamics, Reaction, Ionization, and Dissolution (MADRID) into the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF/Chem): Model Development and Retrospective Applications.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, North Carolina State University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/5241.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hu, Xiaoming. “Incorporation of the Model of Aerosol Dynamics, Reaction, Ionization, and Dissolution (MADRID) into the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF/Chem): Model Development and Retrospective Applications.” 2009. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Hu X. Incorporation of the Model of Aerosol Dynamics, Reaction, Ionization, and Dissolution (MADRID) into the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF/Chem): Model Development and Retrospective Applications. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. North Carolina State University; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/5241.

Council of Science Editors:

Hu X. Incorporation of the Model of Aerosol Dynamics, Reaction, Ionization, and Dissolution (MADRID) into the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF/Chem): Model Development and Retrospective Applications. [Doctoral Dissertation]. North Carolina State University; 2009. Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/5241

Western Kentucky University

16. Young, Jeremy. Teleconnective Influences on the Strength of Post-tropical Cyclones.

Degree: MS, Department of Geography and Geology, 2012, Western Kentucky University

URL: https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1219

► Over the 1951-2009 time period, 47% of all tropical systems in the Atlantic Basin transitioned to post-tropical storms. These storms are capable of producing… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Madden-Julian Oscillation; WRF Model; Hurricane Ike; Hurricane Sandy; teleconnections; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; Physical and Environmental Geography

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Young, J. (2012). Teleconnective Influences on the Strength of Post-tropical Cyclones. (Masters Thesis). Western Kentucky University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1219

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Young, Jeremy. “Teleconnective Influences on the Strength of Post-tropical Cyclones.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Western Kentucky University. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1219.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Young, Jeremy. “Teleconnective Influences on the Strength of Post-tropical Cyclones.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Young J. Teleconnective Influences on the Strength of Post-tropical Cyclones. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Kentucky University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1219.

Council of Science Editors:

Young J. Teleconnective Influences on the Strength of Post-tropical Cyclones. [Masters Thesis]. Western Kentucky University; 2012. Available from: https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1219

University of Canterbury

17. Ollat N. The application of high-resolution atmospheric modelling to weather and climate variability in vineyard regions.

Degree: 2017, University of Canterbury

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10092/17935

► Grapevines are highly sensitive to environmental conditions, with variability in weather and climate (particularly temperature) having a significant influence on wine quality, quantity and style.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: WRF model; weather and climate; grapevine response; Marlborough; New Zealand; Field of Research::04 - Earth Sciences::0401 - Atmospheric Sciences

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APA (6^th Edition):

N, O. (2017). The application of high-resolution atmospheric modelling to weather and climate variability in vineyard regions. (Thesis). University of Canterbury. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10092/17935

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

N, Ollat. “The application of high-resolution atmospheric modelling to weather and climate variability in vineyard regions.” 2017. Thesis, University of Canterbury. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/17935.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

N, Ollat. “The application of high-resolution atmospheric modelling to weather and climate variability in vineyard regions.” 2017. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

N O. The application of high-resolution atmospheric modelling to weather and climate variability in vineyard regions. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Canterbury; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10092/17935.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

N O. The application of high-resolution atmospheric modelling to weather and climate variability in vineyard regions. [Thesis]. University of Canterbury; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10092/17935

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Colorado

18. Noble, Erik Ulysses. Investigating Daily Summertime Circulation and Precipitation Over West Africa with the WRF Model: A Regional Climate Model Adaptation Study.

Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Colorado

URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/envs_gradetds/14

► This dissertation a) evaluates the performance of the NCAR Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model as a West African Sahel regional-atmospheric model and b)… (more)

▼ This dissertation a) evaluates the performance of the NCAR Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model as a West African Sahel regional-atmospheric model and b) investigates the utility of regional modeling to meeting user-needs. This work represents the beginning of an effort to adapt the model as a regional climate model (RCM) for the Sahel. Two independent studies test WRF sensitivity to 64 configurations of alternative parameterizations in a series of September simulations. In all, 104 12-day simulations during 11 consecutive years are examined. Simulated daily and mean circulation results are validated against NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) and NCEP Reanalysis-2. Modeled daily and total precipitation results are validated against NASA's Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data. Particular attention is given to westward-propagating precipitation maxima associated with transient African Easterly Waves (AEWs). A wide range of 700-hPa vorticity and daily precipitation validation scores demonstrates the influence of alternative parameterizations. The best WRF performers achieve circulation correlations against reanalysis of 0.40-0.60 and realistic amplitudes of spatiotemporal variability for the 2006 focus year, but they get time-longitude precipitation correlations (against GPCP) of between 0.35-0.42. A parallel-benchmark-simulation by the NASA Regional Model-3 (RM3) achieves higher correlations but less realistic spatiotemporal variability. The largest favorable impact on WRF vorticity and precipitation validation is achieved by selecting the Grell-Devenyi cumulus convection scheme, resulting in higher correlations against reanalysis and GPCP than simulations using the Kain-Fritch convection. Other parameterizations have less-obvious impact. A comparison of reanalysis circulation against two NASA-radiosonde stations confirms that both reanalyses represent observations well enough to validate WRF results. A rain-gauge comparison does the same for GPCP and TRMM. Advisors/Committee Members: James White, Peter Blanken, Balaji Rajagopalan, Leonard M. Druyan, Gregory Jenkins.

Subjects/Keywords: African Easterly Wave; numerical weather prediction; precipitation; regional climate model; West Africa; WRF; Atmospheric Sciences; Climate; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Studies

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Noble, E. U. (2014). Investigating Daily Summertime Circulation and Precipitation Over West Africa with the WRF Model: A Regional Climate Model Adaptation Study. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/envs_gradetds/14

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Noble, Erik Ulysses. “Investigating Daily Summertime Circulation and Precipitation Over West Africa with the WRF Model: A Regional Climate Model Adaptation Study.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://scholar.colorado.edu/envs_gradetds/14.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Noble, Erik Ulysses. “Investigating Daily Summertime Circulation and Precipitation Over West Africa with the WRF Model: A Regional Climate Model Adaptation Study.” 2014. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Noble EU. Investigating Daily Summertime Circulation and Precipitation Over West Africa with the WRF Model: A Regional Climate Model Adaptation Study. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/envs_gradetds/14.

Council of Science Editors:

Noble EU. Investigating Daily Summertime Circulation and Precipitation Over West Africa with the WRF Model: A Regional Climate Model Adaptation Study. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2014. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/envs_gradetds/14

Iowa State University

19. Sines, Taleena Rae. Mesoscale convective complexes in regional climate modeling and increased extreme precipitation due to agricultural landuse change over the central U.S.

Degree: 2016, Iowa State University

URL: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/16016

► This study investigates the role of agricultural landuse change in the observed increase in extreme precipitation during the 20th century. Landuse input was constructed for… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Convection; Landuse; Mesoscale; Model; Precipitation; WRF; Agricultural Science; Agriculture; Agronomy and Crop Sciences; Climate; Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment; Meteorology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sines, T. R. (2016). Mesoscale convective complexes in regional climate modeling and increased extreme precipitation due to agricultural landuse change over the central U.S. (Thesis). Iowa State University. Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/16016

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sines, Taleena Rae. “Mesoscale convective complexes in regional climate modeling and increased extreme precipitation due to agricultural landuse change over the central U.S.” 2016. Thesis, Iowa State University. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/16016.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sines, Taleena Rae. “Mesoscale convective complexes in regional climate modeling and increased extreme precipitation due to agricultural landuse change over the central U.S.” 2016. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Sines TR. Mesoscale convective complexes in regional climate modeling and increased extreme precipitation due to agricultural landuse change over the central U.S. [Internet] [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/16016.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sines TR. Mesoscale convective complexes in regional climate modeling and increased extreme precipitation due to agricultural landuse change over the central U.S. [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2016. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/16016

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

20. Cervarich, Matthew. A numerical study of surface air temperature response to vertical mixing and momentum extraction by wind farms and the impacts of wind farms on mesoscale boundaries.

Degree: MS, 0334, 2014, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/46822

► Wind turbines have been shown to impact their local microclimate. With the increasing areal coverage of wind farms it has become increasingly important to answer… (more)

▼ Wind turbines have been shown to impact their local microclimate. With the increasing areal coverage of wind farms it has become increasingly important to answer scientific questions regarding these impacts. In this thesis, a high resolution numerical model is employed to explore the response of land surface and near surface air temperatures within and in the immediate vicinity of large wind farms in west central Texas to changes in the turbines’ thrust and TKE coefficients during meteorological summers. A control run with no wind turbines is compared to three experimental tests, each with differing thrust and TKE coefficients. The experimental tests are fist compared to observed data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data on the Terra and Aqua Satellites. It is shown that the observed impact of wind farms is greater than the numerically modeled impact. Second, the control run is compared to the experimental tests. The non-linear interaction of hub height wind speeds, thrust coefficients, and TKE coefficients along with the wind turbine layer static stability determine the temperature change impact. During night, statically stable conditions result in strong warming signals while during the day near-neutral conditions result in insignificant impacts. The magnitude of the signal is determined by non-linear interactions between the wind turbines’ thrust coefficient and the vertical wind speed. The high resolution numerical model is also used to analyze the propagation of mesoscale boundaries near and through the wind farm. When compared to the control run, the experimental simulation shows an acceleration of the propagation of the mesoscale boundaries when the boundaries approached the wind farms and a deceleration as the boundaries propagated away from the wind farms. Due to the reduction of winds by the wind farms, boundaries propagating away from the wind farms experience less winds behind the boundaries and propagation speeds are reduced. Boundaries propagating towards wind farms experience less winds ahead of the wind farms and propagation speeds increase. Advisors/Committee Members: Baidya Roy, Somnath (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Atmospheric Science; Boundary Layer Meteorology; Wind Turbines; Wind Farms; Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF); numerical modeling; Wind Farm Impacts

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Cervarich, M. (2014). A numerical study of surface air temperature response to vertical mixing and momentum extraction by wind farms and the impacts of wind farms on mesoscale boundaries. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/46822

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cervarich, Matthew. “A numerical study of surface air temperature response to vertical mixing and momentum extraction by wind farms and the impacts of wind farms on mesoscale boundaries.” 2014. Thesis, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/46822.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cervarich, Matthew. “A numerical study of surface air temperature response to vertical mixing and momentum extraction by wind farms and the impacts of wind farms on mesoscale boundaries.” 2014. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Cervarich M. A numerical study of surface air temperature response to vertical mixing and momentum extraction by wind farms and the impacts of wind farms on mesoscale boundaries. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/46822.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cervarich M. A numerical study of surface air temperature response to vertical mixing and momentum extraction by wind farms and the impacts of wind farms on mesoscale boundaries. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/46822

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Melbourne

21. Shepherd, Tristan James. Dynamics and evolution of tropical cyclones.

Degree: 2015, University of Melbourne

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/58376

► There are two scientific areas which have considerable bearing on tropical cyclone dynamics: convection processes and the processes operating in the hurricane boundary layer. The… (more)

▼ There are two scientific areas which have considerable bearing on tropical cyclone dynamics: convection processes and the processes operating in the hurricane boundary layer. The objective of this thesis was to examine a number of scientific issues related to these areas in an attempt to shed light on some unresolved issues and provide some general guidance to the modelling community. The issues examined in this thesis are model sensitivity to convective parameterisation (CP), small-scale model noise, and surface heat and moisture transfer in the boundary layer as it relates to hurricanes. A series of sensitivity experiments using numerical models were undertaken to investigate these issues. In the first study, tropical cyclone track sensitivity to model initial conditions, domain size, CP and shallow convection, was explored using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Three case studies, each from different basins were selected: Rita (2005); Megi (2010) and Yasi (2011). To help identify any track deviations caused by the representation of convection, a potential vorticity diagnostic for tropical cyclone motion was applied to diagnose the cyclone motion from the dynamic fields and compare this against the simulated cyclone motion. The major findings showed several systematic sensitivities including, that model initial conditions cause less sensitivity in cyclone track compared to changing the CP, running the schemes without shallow convection results in negligible difference in track (except in the Grell-3D simulations), and the differences in the tracks using different CPs are attributed to simulated convective asymmetries, or in some cases other baroclinic processes from the vortex, such as diabatic heating. The second investigation expanded on the theme of track sensitivity to cumulus parameterisation. Here, a stochastic kinetic energy backscatter scheme was employed to stochastically perturb the model initial and lateral boundary conditions. The scheme accounts for a missing energy process in numerical models by introducing energy back into the model at the small-scale. The aim was to ascertain whether perturbing the dynamical fields of u and v wind, and temperature, resulted in more sensitivity to track and intensity than changing the cumulus scheme. Using a series of high resolution idealised simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting model, we tested sensitivity to model initial conditions (e.g. domain size, initial vortex size and intensity) and stochastically perturbed and unperturbed runs with varying cumulus parameterisation specification. The major findings showed several systematic sensitivities, that the stochastically perturbed simulations produced weaker intensity storms than the unperturbed runs, the track sensitivity from changing the cumulus scheme is less than that arising from stochastic perturbation of the dynamic fields, and the perturbed simulations all produced a stronger westerly wind bias at 300 hPa with warmer inner core temperatures than the unperturbed runs.…

Subjects/Keywords: tropical cyclones; numerical modelling; Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model; stochastic kinetic energy backscatter scheme; convective parameterisation; hurricane boundary layer

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Shepherd, T. J. (2015). Dynamics and evolution of tropical cyclones. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Melbourne. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11343/58376

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Shepherd, Tristan James. “Dynamics and evolution of tropical cyclones.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Melbourne. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11343/58376.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Shepherd, Tristan James. “Dynamics and evolution of tropical cyclones.” 2015. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Shepherd TJ. Dynamics and evolution of tropical cyclones. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/58376.

Council of Science Editors:

Shepherd TJ. Dynamics and evolution of tropical cyclones. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/58376

University of Manitoba

22. Tropea, Brock. Assessing past and future hazardous freezing rain and wet snow events in Manitoba using a pseudo-global warming approach.

Degree: Environment and Geography, 2020, University of Manitoba

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/34657

► Freezing precipitation is a major hazard across Canada. Usually occurring in the form of freezing rain and/or wet snow and can damage transportation networks, infrastructure,… (more)

▼ Freezing precipitation is a major hazard across Canada. Usually occurring in the form of freezing rain and/or wet snow and can damage transportation networks, infrastructure, and vegetation. Under future warming climatic conditions, the characteristics of this precipitation may change but there is great uncertainty. This thesis characterizes damaging freezing precipitation events within Manitoba and examines their future occurrence within a warmer climate. A total of 10 events were identified, 8 of which were within the WRF period; 5 of these had both freezing rain and wet snow, and the other 3 had freezing rain exclusively. These were characterized using data from the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55), several Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) datasets, and two 4 km Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulations from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) from October 2000 to September 2013 (Liu et al. 2017). These were a retrospective control (CTRL) and a pseudo-global warming (PGW) simulation covering CONUS and much of Canada. Large scale and local factors were associated with these events. Most (9 of 10) showed consistent large scale forcing: a midlatitude cyclone with 500 hPa trough and jet exit enhancing lift, low surface pressure centre nearby, and an atmospheric river. Local factors, such as the elevated terrain of Riding Mountain, influenced 2 events in CTRL and 3 in PGW by altering surface temperature and/or winds to be favourable for freezing precipitation. This terrain is also somewhat co-located with areas of severe ice loading, as shown by the Canadian Standards Association (2015). In the PGW simulations, these events changed significantly. The 3 events with freezing rain exclusively were in December and January. Of these, 2 (1) had increased (decreased) in extent, precipitation accumulation, and duration. There was no wet snow in these events in CTRL, but it was present in PGW. The other 5 events that had both wet snow and freezing rain, and none had wet snow exclusively. Of these, 1 increased in extent, duration, and accumulation, and another increased in extent, but had similar duration and lesser accumulation. The other 3 events were reduced. Advisors/Committee Members: Stewart, Ronald (Environment and Geography) (supervisor), Hanesiak, John (Environment and Geography) (examiningcommittee), Kochtubajda, Bob (Environment and Climate Change Canada) (examiningcommittee).

Subjects/Keywords: Meteorology; Climate; Precipitation; Freezing; Freezing rain; Wet snow; Rain; Snow; WRF; Global warming; Climate change; Model; Manitoba

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tropea, B. (2020). Assessing past and future hazardous freezing rain and wet snow events in Manitoba using a pseudo-global warming approach. (Masters Thesis). University of Manitoba. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1993/34657

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tropea, Brock. “Assessing past and future hazardous freezing rain and wet snow events in Manitoba using a pseudo-global warming approach.” 2020. Masters Thesis, University of Manitoba. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/34657.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tropea, Brock. “Assessing past and future hazardous freezing rain and wet snow events in Manitoba using a pseudo-global warming approach.” 2020. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Tropea B. Assessing past and future hazardous freezing rain and wet snow events in Manitoba using a pseudo-global warming approach. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/34657.

Council of Science Editors:

Tropea B. Assessing past and future hazardous freezing rain and wet snow events in Manitoba using a pseudo-global warming approach. [Masters Thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/34657

Universitetet i Tromsø

23. Blæsterdalen, Torgeir. Wind resource assessment using mesoscale modelling. A case study at the potential wind farm site Rieppi .

Degree: 2016, Universitetet i Tromsø

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/9992

► The growing wind power industry, increased occurrence of extreme weather, and the need for becoming independent of fossil fuels motivate the research on accurate simulation… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: VDP::Technology: 500::Environmental engineering: 610; VDP::Teknologi: 500::Miljøteknologi: 610; Fluid mechanics; Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model

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APA (6^th Edition):

Blæsterdalen, T. (2016). Wind resource assessment using mesoscale modelling. A case study at the potential wind farm site Rieppi . (Masters Thesis). Universitetet i Tromsø. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10037/9992

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Blæsterdalen, Torgeir. “Wind resource assessment using mesoscale modelling. A case study at the potential wind farm site Rieppi .” 2016. Masters Thesis, Universitetet i Tromsø. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10037/9992.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Blæsterdalen, Torgeir. “Wind resource assessment using mesoscale modelling. A case study at the potential wind farm site Rieppi .” 2016. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Blæsterdalen T. Wind resource assessment using mesoscale modelling. A case study at the potential wind farm site Rieppi . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universitetet i Tromsø 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/9992.

Council of Science Editors:

Blæsterdalen T. Wind resource assessment using mesoscale modelling. A case study at the potential wind farm site Rieppi . [Masters Thesis]. Universitetet i Tromsø 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10037/9992

24. Vaz, Susana Cardoso Pereira Firmino. Future projections of extreme climatic events over Iberian Peninsula .

Degree: 2020, Universidade de Aveiro

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10773/29835

► In recent years, several extreme events had given the awareness that our climate has become more extreme. Extreme events, due to their nature, have a… (more)

▼ In recent years, several extreme events had given the awareness that our climate has become more extreme. Extreme events, due to their nature, have a high disruptive potential, so society has more difficulty in accommodating its change, becoming more vulnerable to the occurrence of this type of change, than to a gradual change in the mean climate conditions. This study is interested in events related to temperature and precipitation, on a regional scale, because these climate parameters play a significant role in the Iberian Peninsula, a vulnerable and susceptible region to changes in temperature and precipitation. Throughout this study, several basic statistical metrics were used, such as daily or seasonal totals, mean, deviations to the mean state (anomalies), nonparametric probability distribution (PDF) functions, and percentile calculation. In the case of precipitation, the climatic simulations were corrected concerning bias. The application of a bias correction method, namely, the quantile mapping, reduced the systematic errors present in models’ simulations. This study uses a specific methodology of bias correction to correct systematic bias, presented as a novel bias correction methodology for climate modelling simulations in the Iberian Peninsula. The concept of precipitation episode, as defined in this study, has a character of novelty. Precipitation episode is defined as a series of consecutive wet days. For each episode, the duration and intensity were calculated, i.e., the number of rainy days, and the average of the total precipitation, respectively. Then, the episodes were grouped into classes of intensity and duration. The heatwaves and cold spells were analysed with special attention to the summer and winter season, respectively. The main results project, towards the end of the 21st century, changes in the character of precipitation and precipitation episodes, and changes for temperature-related events. There is a reduction in annual precipitation and the seasonal precipitation for the spring to autumn months. An increase in precipitation is projected for the winter season. The winter episodes of short duration and lower intensity increase in the north and northwest regions of the Iberian Peninsula. The major findings project an increase in the maximum and minimum temperature and an increase in the number of heatwaves. Although in none of the variables there is a change in its seasonal structure, some results suggest an increase in the number of hot to very hot summer days, which can extend the summer season. Current extreme events will be the norm of the future. The end of the 21st century, in the Iberian Peninsula, is projected to be drier and warmer. Advisors/Committee Members: Rocha, Alfredo (advisor), Carvalho, Ana Cristina (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Extreme events; Heatwaves; Cold spells; Climate; Temperature; Precipitation; Precipitation episodes; Regional climate models; Numerical modeling; Climate simulations; Bias correction; WRF model

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APA (6^th Edition):

Vaz, S. C. P. F. (2020). Future projections of extreme climatic events over Iberian Peninsula . (Thesis). Universidade de Aveiro. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10773/29835

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Vaz, Susana Cardoso Pereira Firmino. “Future projections of extreme climatic events over Iberian Peninsula .” 2020. Thesis, Universidade de Aveiro. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/29835.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vaz, Susana Cardoso Pereira Firmino. “Future projections of extreme climatic events over Iberian Peninsula .” 2020. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Vaz SCPF. Future projections of extreme climatic events over Iberian Peninsula . [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade de Aveiro; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10773/29835.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Vaz SCPF. Future projections of extreme climatic events over Iberian Peninsula . [Thesis]. Universidade de Aveiro; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10773/29835

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Alberta

25. Sutton, Lindsay R. Comparison of Simulated and Observed Severe Storm Tracks over Alberta.

Degree: MS, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 2015, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cmc87pq289

► Thunderstorms have the potential to produce severe weather and can result in significant financial and human losses. The province of Alberta is one of Canada’s… (more)

▼ Thunderstorms have the potential to produce severe weather and can result in significant financial and human losses. The province of Alberta is one of Canada’s most active thunderstorm regions, with the record for insured damage due to hail. Therefore, it is crucial that thunderstorm forecasts be as accurate as possible to provide early warning to industry and the public. Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models are heavily utilized to provide forecast guidance. Recent advances in computing power and affordability have enabled the use of finer spatial resolutions that allow for the explicit simulation of individual storms, that is, without the use of a cumulus parameterization scheme. There is a need to explore the forecast skill of these high-resolution models as they find their way into forecast operations. This thesis investigates the skill of the widely available Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for predicting the motion of thunderstorms. We use a 4 km resolution, a value that is found to be sufficient for accurately reproducing storm structure and evolution without requiring too many computational resources. Our focus is on a select set of severe summer storms that occurred in Alberta during 2011 and 2012. We compare the WRF simulated and observed radar reflectivity values and present the differences, with an emphasis on the motion and intensity of the storms. We find that storms produced by the WRF model move faster, travel farther, and have more counter clockwise tracks than radar-observed storms. WRF storms are also found to be less intense in terms of reflectivity (dBZ). We also investigate the accuracy of the Traditional Method and Bunkers Method for forecasting storm motion. These methods are frequently used by forecasters because they are relatively easy to employ on an observed or model sounding, and there is no need to rely on the results of a high-resolution model. We find that both methods tend to underestimate storm speed and overestimate storm direction when used on WRF model forecast soundings over Alberta.

Subjects/Keywords: Traditional Method; Alberta; Bunkers Method; mean wind; severe thunderstorm; weather forecasting; storm motion; high resolution model; weather radar; 30R75; WRF model; storm track; convection; cumulus parameterization; Numerical Weather Prediction

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sutton, L. R. (2015). Comparison of Simulated and Observed Severe Storm Tracks over Alberta. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cmc87pq289

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sutton, Lindsay R. “Comparison of Simulated and Observed Severe Storm Tracks over Alberta.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cmc87pq289.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sutton, Lindsay R. “Comparison of Simulated and Observed Severe Storm Tracks over Alberta.” 2015. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Sutton LR. Comparison of Simulated and Observed Severe Storm Tracks over Alberta. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cmc87pq289.

Council of Science Editors:

Sutton LR. Comparison of Simulated and Observed Severe Storm Tracks over Alberta. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2015. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cmc87pq289

26. Wilson, Travis Harold. The Evaluation of a Southern California Physics Ensemble.

Degree: Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences, 2012, UCLA

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8ct5c0bv

► Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, an intra-model physics ensemble was created for July 2005 in hopes of finding a physics configuration that… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Atmospheric sciences; California; Ensemble; model; physics; WRF; YSU

…Research and Forecasting Model (WRF), was a collaborative effort by university… …parameterizations to optimize the model for your area [5]. Though as the WRF project progressed… …comparisons along with sensi- 1 tivity studies. Gilliam and Pleim’s intra-model WRF comparison… …case the WRF model — for each specific climate using the different physics parameterizations… …conditions. To the author’s knowledge, no one has ever created this large of an intra-model WRF…

10 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wilson, T. H. (2012). The Evaluation of a Southern California Physics Ensemble. (Thesis). UCLA. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8ct5c0bv

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wilson, Travis Harold. “The Evaluation of a Southern California Physics Ensemble.” 2012. Thesis, UCLA. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8ct5c0bv.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wilson, Travis Harold. “The Evaluation of a Southern California Physics Ensemble.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Wilson TH. The Evaluation of a Southern California Physics Ensemble. [Internet] [Thesis]. UCLA; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8ct5c0bv.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wilson TH. The Evaluation of a Southern California Physics Ensemble. [Thesis]. UCLA; 2012. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8ct5c0bv

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

27. Hamilton, Holly Laurielle. Relationships between rainfall characteristics and environmental predictors in the West African Region.

Degree: 2016, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8s45q876k

► Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS) are a substantial source of the water required for agriculture and human consumption in West Africa. Understanding the lifecycle behaviour of… (more)

▼ Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS) are a substantial source of the water required for agriculture and human consumption in West Africa. Understanding the lifecycle behaviour of West African mesoscale storms poses unique challenges as these systems traverse strong thermodynamic gradients in their westward porpagation from land to ocean. MCS in this region are known to be associated with African Easterly Waves (AEWs). The topography of eastern Africa, namely the Ethiopian Highlands and Darfur Mountains have been shown to play an intricate role in the genesis of these waves through MCS initiation in that region. We investigate the topographic influence on the formation of these systems using the Weather Research and Forecasting model by recreating the atmospheric state over an eight day period for three cases with varying topography: realistic, half-height, and no topography. As a case study, we use a MCS observed on August 30-31 during the NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis field experiment of 2006. This sensitivity study reveals that the topography influences the development and structure of the reference MCS event. The model persisted in simulating the MCS in conjunction with an AEW in each run, which highlights the robustness of the well-known connection between the two systems in West Africa. The development of the simulated MCSs differ in each run due to their interaction with the AEW and the onshore flow that are in turn impacted by the topography. We examine further the topographic influences on the evolution and energetics of AEW and the formation of convective systems within these AEW. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is employed to simulate the evolution over a 36-day period for three cases with varying topography: realistic, half-height, and no topography. An energetics analysis for AEW reveals that baroclinic processes that develop low-level waves north of the jet strengthens due to a stronger monsoonal flow in the flattened topography environment. A noticeably weaker contribution from barotropic and baroclinic instabilities at the jet level in West Africa in the flattened topography simulation explains the weakening of those waves at that level. The results show that topography in Africa plays more of a role in the wave development as they propagate westward rather than in their initiation over East Africa. Satellite rainfall estimates reveal a consistent rainfall maximum offshore West Africa during the monsoon rainy season. A 16-year rainfall climatology is conducted to examine the cause of such copious amounts of rainfall. Composites of daily rainfall and mid-level meridional winds centered on the days with maximum rainfall in August show that the day with heaviest rainfall follows the strongest mid- level northerlies. Reflectivity and rain type composites show that stratiform rain dominates the region. The composites suggest that the dominant contribution to the offshore rainfall maximum derives from the trailing stratiform portion of mesoscale convective systems in the… Advisors/Committee Members: Jenni Evans, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor.

Subjects/Keywords: Precipitation; West African Monsoon; topography; African Easterly Waves; African Easterly Jet; rainfall; mesoscale convective systems; regional modeling; Weather and Research Forecasting model; WRF

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hamilton, H. L. (2016). Relationships between rainfall characteristics and environmental predictors in the West African Region. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8s45q876k

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hamilton, Holly Laurielle. “Relationships between rainfall characteristics and environmental predictors in the West African Region.” 2016. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8s45q876k.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hamilton, Holly Laurielle. “Relationships between rainfall characteristics and environmental predictors in the West African Region.” 2016. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Hamilton HL. Relationships between rainfall characteristics and environmental predictors in the West African Region. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8s45q876k.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Hamilton HL. Relationships between rainfall characteristics and environmental predictors in the West African Region. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2016. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8s45q876k

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

York University

28. Wang, Zheng Qi. Evaluating the 3D EnKF - VAR Hybrid Data Assimilation in GSI for Surface and Upper Level Analyses.

Degree: MSc -MS, Earth & Space Science, 2019, York University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10315/35846

► This study examines the 3 dimensional analysis produced using the Hybrid Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) Variational (VAR) Data Assimilation in the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI)… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Computer science; Data Assimilating; Numerical Weather Modelling; Variational; Ensemble Kalman Filter; Hybrid; Atmospheric Science; Meteorology; Surface Analysis; Satellite; Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation; Weather Research Forecast Model; Minimization; VAR; EnKF; GSI; WRF

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wang, Z. Q. (2019). Evaluating the 3D EnKF - VAR Hybrid Data Assimilation in GSI for Surface and Upper Level Analyses. (Masters Thesis). York University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10315/35846

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wang, Zheng Qi. “Evaluating the 3D EnKF - VAR Hybrid Data Assimilation in GSI for Surface and Upper Level Analyses.” 2019. Masters Thesis, York University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10315/35846.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wang, Zheng Qi. “Evaluating the 3D EnKF - VAR Hybrid Data Assimilation in GSI for Surface and Upper Level Analyses.” 2019. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Wang ZQ. Evaluating the 3D EnKF - VAR Hybrid Data Assimilation in GSI for Surface and Upper Level Analyses. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. York University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10315/35846.

Council of Science Editors:

Wang ZQ. Evaluating the 3D EnKF - VAR Hybrid Data Assimilation in GSI for Surface and Upper Level Analyses. [Masters Thesis]. York University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10315/35846

Iowa State University

29. Le, Thien Van. Near tropopause water vapor content and exchange processes.

Degree: 2009, Iowa State University

URL: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10737

► Water vapor mixing ratios in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere measured by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder version 2.2 (Aura-MLS) instrument have been compared… (more)

▼ Water vapor mixing ratios in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere measured by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder version 2.2 (Aura-MLS) instrument have been compared with Global Forecast System (GFS) analyses at five levels within the 300 - 100 hPa layer and North American Mesoscale (NAM) model analyses at six levels within the 300 - 50 hPa layer over the two years of 2005 and 2006 at four analysis times. Probability density functions of the vapor mixing ratios suggest that both analyses are often moister than Aura-MLS values, but NAM model analyses agree somewhat better with Aura-MLS measurements than GFS model analyses over the same North American domain at the five common levels. Examining five subsets of the global GFS domain, the GFS model analysis is moister than Aura-MLS estimates everywhere except at 150 and 100 hPa in all regions outside of the tropics. NAM model analysis water vapor mixing ratios exceeded the Aura-MLS values at all levels from 250 to 150 hPa in all four seasons of both years and some seasons at 100 and 50 hPa. Moist biases in winter and spring of both years were similar at all levels, but these moist biases in summer and fall were smaller in 2005 than in 2006 at all levels. These differences may be due to the change in the NAM from using the Eta to using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in June 2006. NAM analysis data and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Advanced Research WRF (ARW) model version 2.2 are used to investigate the mechanisms involved in the transport of water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) affected by deep convective system activity. In an examination of two convective system events occurring over the United States, it is found that hourly water vapor changes in the UTLS were mostly affected by advection and microphysical processes, with mixing playing less of a role during the period of convective system activity. Hourly moistening rates averaged over the vicinity of deep convection (VODC) in the UTLS increased during the time that convective system activity developed, and reached maximum values at the same time that the strongest convection and heaviest precipitation occurred at the surface. In the upper troposphere levels, the hourly positive water vapor tendencies were mainly due to both vertical and horizontal advection, though, the rate of water vapor tendencies due to vertical advection was greater. Water vapor tendencies due to microphysical processes were noticeable in this layer, where they tended to oppose the moistening due to advection. Near the tropopause and lower stratosphere levels, water vapor tendencies due to horizontal advection alone resulted in an increase in water vapor somewhat before/after the demise of the convective system, instead of at the time of intense convective system activity.

Subjects/Keywords: Aura-MLS; GFS analyses; NAM analyses; tropopause; water vapor; WRF model; Earth Sciences

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APA (6^th Edition):

Le, T. V. (2009). Near tropopause water vapor content and exchange processes. (Thesis). Iowa State University. Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10737

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Le, Thien Van. “Near tropopause water vapor content and exchange processes.” 2009. Thesis, Iowa State University. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10737.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Le, Thien Van. “Near tropopause water vapor content and exchange processes.” 2009. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Le TV. Near tropopause water vapor content and exchange processes. [Internet] [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10737.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Le TV. Near tropopause water vapor content and exchange processes. [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2009. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10737

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Louisiana State University

30. Yoo, Jinwoong. Large-scale influences on tropical cyclogenesis for selected storms in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season.

Degree: PhD, Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2011, Louisiana State University

URL: etd-04212011-165830 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2927

► Unpreparedness of large and increasing populations to Atlantic tropical cyclones (TCs) in North and Central America often causes a significant percentage of human casualties… (more)

▼ Unpreparedness of large and increasing populations to Atlantic tropical cyclones (TCs) in North and Central America often causes a significant percentage of human casualties and economic losses, which results in part from the difficulty of forecasting tropical cyclogenesis (TCG) and changes in TC track and intensity. Although the mechanisms that lead to TCG have been studied extensively, lack of knowledge still exists about the relative importance of the precursor factors responsible for TCG, especially in the Gulf of Mexico/Caribbean basin where no clear genesis mechanism has been identified for TCs. A series of studies in this dissertation examines influences of large-scale atmospheric circulation on TCG and intensity change mechanisms for Tropical Storm Arlene and Hurricanes Cindy, Dennis, and Wilma in 2005 by using various derived and observed data sets. To support the main analyses of the large-scale circulations GOES-12 satellite water vapor imagery and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model (V.3.2.1) are used. Six-hourly NCEP FNL (final) operational global analysis data and daily “real-time global” (RTG) sea surface temperature (SST) data are used as WRF model inputs. Results show that large-scale, low-level circulations incurred by subtropical high pressure systems in the surrounding ocean basins or triggered by mid-latitude troughs over northeastern North America play critical roles in the TCG process in the western North Atlantic. In particular, the convergence of temporary westerly winds from the eastern North Pacific and the southeasterly/easterly winds from the Atlantic under the orographic effects of Central America creates conditions in the lower atmosphere that favor the development of a meso-scale vortex over the warm sea surface, leading to TCG. WRF model simulation revealed that the interaction between the mid-latitude systems and tropical atmosphere determined the success or failure of the TCG forecast, which suggests that large-scale, low-level circulations heavily affect TCG and that every large-scale vortex and circulation component in the immediately-neighboring region of the storm development is important for TCG forecasting. This study shows that the global WRF has a potential to be used for operational short-range TCG forecasting.

Subjects/Keywords: southeasterlies; orographic effect; vortex generation; westerlies; WRF model; mid-latitude influence; low-level wind surge; planetary scale low-level circulation; Tropical Cyclogenesis

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APA (6^th Edition):

Yoo, J. (2011). Large-scale influences on tropical cyclogenesis for selected storms in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. (Doctoral Dissertation). Louisiana State University. Retrieved from etd-04212011-165830 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2927

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Yoo, Jinwoong. “Large-scale influences on tropical cyclogenesis for selected storms in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Louisiana State University. Accessed January 16, 2021. etd-04212011-165830 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2927.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Yoo, Jinwoong. “Large-scale influences on tropical cyclogenesis for selected storms in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season.” 2011. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Yoo J. Large-scale influences on tropical cyclogenesis for selected storms in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Louisiana State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: etd-04212011-165830 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2927.

Council of Science Editors:

Yoo J. Large-scale influences on tropical cyclogenesis for selected storms in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Louisiana State University; 2011. Available from: etd-04212011-165830 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2927

Open Access Theses and Dissertations