subject:(Volcanology)

Oregon State University

1. Salisbury, Morgan J. Convergent margin magmatism in the central Andes and its near antipodes in western Indonesia : spatiotemporal and geochemical considerations.

Degree: PhD, Geology, 2011, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/21829

► This dissertation combines volcanological research of three convergent continental margins. Chapters 1 and 5 are general introductions and conclusions, respectively. Chapter 2 examines the spatiotemporal… (more)

▼ This dissertation combines volcanological research of three convergent continental margins. Chapters 1 and 5 are general introductions and conclusions, respectively. Chapter 2 examines the spatiotemporal development of the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex in the Lípez region of southwest Bolivia, a locus of a major Neogene ignimbrite flare- up, yet the least studied portion of the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex of the Central Andes. New mapping and laser-fusion ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of sanidine and biotite from 56 locations, coupled with paleomagnetic data, refine the timing and volumes of ignimbrite emplacement in Bolivia and northern Chile to reveal that monotonous intermediate volcanism was prodigious and episodic throughout the complex. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age determinations of 13 ignimbrites from northern Chile previously dated by the K-Ar method improve the overall temporal resolution of Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex development. Together with new and updated volume estimates, the new age determinations demonstrate a distinct onset of Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex ignimbrite volcanism with modest output rates beginning ~11 Ma, an episodic middle phase with the highest eruption rates between 8 and 3 Ma, followed by a general decline in volcanic output. The cyclic nature of individual caldera complexes and the spatiotemporal pattern of the volcanic field as a whole are consistent with both incremental construction of plutons as well as a composite Cordilleran batholith. Chapter 3 examines the spatiotemporal development of marine tephra deposits in deep sea sediment cores from the Sunda trench near Sumatra, which reveal evidence for seven large (minimum volume 0.6 – 6.3 km³), previously undocumented, explosive eruptions in this region over the last ~110,000 years, presumably sourced from mainland Sumatra. Sediment cores were collected within and adjacent to the Sunda trench from 3.3ºN to 4.6ºS at water depths between 1.8 and 5.5 km and distances of ~200 to 310 km from the active Sumatran volcanic arc. Glass shards within the tephra horizons were analyzed via the electron microprobe and laser ablation ICP-MS and define three compositional groups. Minimum volume estimates for the seven unique units are consistent with volcanic explosivity index (VEI; Newhall and Self, 1982) values of 4 - 5. The most frequent, widespread, and youngest deposits were found in the central region of the study area suggesting the central Sumatran arc as at the highest risk for large explosive eruptions. The first detailed chronological and geochemical data are presented for Tunupa volcano and nearby Huayrana lavas in chapter 4. New ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age determinations reveal edifice construction at ~1.5 Ma, a duration of ~90-240 k.y., and extrusion rates of 0.43 to 0.93 km³/k.y. Mineralogical compositional and textural data are consistent with shallow crustal storage (~7-18 km) and magma mixing. Volcano morphology, extrusion rates, mineralogy and textures are all similar to the Pleistocene to recent composite cones of the arc… Advisors/Committee Members: Kent, A.J.R. (advisor), Grunder, A. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Volcanology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Salisbury, M. J. (2011). Convergent margin magmatism in the central Andes and its near antipodes in western Indonesia : spatiotemporal and geochemical considerations. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/21829

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Salisbury, Morgan J. “Convergent margin magmatism in the central Andes and its near antipodes in western Indonesia : spatiotemporal and geochemical considerations.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/21829.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Salisbury, Morgan J. “Convergent margin magmatism in the central Andes and its near antipodes in western Indonesia : spatiotemporal and geochemical considerations.” 2011. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Salisbury MJ. Convergent margin magmatism in the central Andes and its near antipodes in western Indonesia : spatiotemporal and geochemical considerations. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/21829.

Council of Science Editors:

Salisbury MJ. Convergent margin magmatism in the central Andes and its near antipodes in western Indonesia : spatiotemporal and geochemical considerations. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/21829

University of Waikato

2. Simons, Benjamin Clifford. Volcanic History and Eruption Processes of Blue Lake Crater, Tongariro .

Degree: 2014, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8720

► Blue Lake Crater (BLC) is a volcanic crater lake situated on the northern end of the Tongariro Volcanic Centre (TgVC) and is one of at… (more)

▼ Blue Lake Crater (BLC) is a volcanic crater lake situated on the northern end of the Tongariro Volcanic Centre (TgVC) and is one of at least 11 vents that have been active since c. 25 ka. The stratigraphy of the proximal-to-vent deposits and associated eruption history of BLC has been poorly constrained compared to many of the other young TgVC vents. The resurgence of volcanic activity on the northern end of the TgVC in 2012 prompted research into other young northern vents to determine if any relationships exist, and whether these vents are capable of future eruptions. The stratigraphy, geomorphological and facies characteristics have been compiled from detailed field mapping and stratigraphic logs around the BLC pyroclastic rim and the Mangahouhounui Valley. BLC is surrounded by a rim of agglutinates and pyroclastic fall deposits that drape over older Tongariro landforms. The northern rim is comprised of Rotopaunga peak (~130 m above Blue Lake) which includes a series of four thick, welded agglutinate units (the Rotopaunga Agglutinates) which are considered to pre-date BLC, overlain by a succession of scoria and spatter beds (the Rotopaunga Scorias) which are sourced, at least in part, from BLC. A discontinuous exposure of agglutinate, up to 8 m thick, mantles the western and southern rim. A ~4 m thick, ~700 m long a'a lava flow derived from BLC extends over the eastern rim into the Mangahouhounui valley. The proximal-vent-forming deposits are comprised of non to intensely welded and agglutinated spatter and scoria and have all been produced by explosive Hawaiian-and Strombolian-style fire-fountaining. These deposits do not represent the original crater-forming event however, which based on geomorphology, is suggested to have been pheatomagmatic. Petrography, electron microprobe and x-ray fluorescence analyses were carried out on a selection of samples. The deposits are all plagioclase-dominated porphyritic pyroxene andesites and basaltic andesites, some of which contain rare olivine. A lack of phenocryst and whole rock geochemical trends through the stratigraphic sequence indicates that there is no progression or evolution of the magmas through time, and that multiple magma batches mingled prior to eruption. The hazards associated with BLC include: phreatomagmatic pyroclastic density currents, ballistic blocks and bombs and fire-fountaining, and lahars caused either by a future eruption or from the failure of the BLC rim. The northern vents of the TgVC (North Crater, Te Maari craters and BLC) are closely spaced and of a similar age and similar geochemical composition. BLC and Te Maari are likely to share a similar subsurface hydrothermal system and a spatial distribution of seismicity, although these alone do not imply a link in subsurface magma plumbing between the two vents. Advisors/Committee Members: Pittari, Adrian (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Volcanology; Tongariro

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APA (6^th Edition):

Simons, B. C. (2014). Volcanic History and Eruption Processes of Blue Lake Crater, Tongariro . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8720

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Simons, Benjamin Clifford. “Volcanic History and Eruption Processes of Blue Lake Crater, Tongariro .” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8720.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Simons, Benjamin Clifford. “Volcanic History and Eruption Processes of Blue Lake Crater, Tongariro .” 2014. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Simons BC. Volcanic History and Eruption Processes of Blue Lake Crater, Tongariro . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8720.

Council of Science Editors:

Simons BC. Volcanic History and Eruption Processes of Blue Lake Crater, Tongariro . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8720

Boise State University

3. Ireton, M. Frank. Passage Formation, Classification, and Modification of Lava Tubes.

Degree: 1977, Boise State University

URL: https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/646 ; http://boisestate.worldcat.org/oclc/41706462

► During the last 15 years, there has been increased interest regarding the formation of lava tubes in basalt flows. This interest has been created, in… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Volcanology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ireton, M. F. (1977). Passage Formation, Classification, and Modification of Lava Tubes. (Thesis). Boise State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/646 ; http://boisestate.worldcat.org/oclc/41706462

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ireton, M Frank. “Passage Formation, Classification, and Modification of Lava Tubes.” 1977. Thesis, Boise State University. Accessed January 17, 2021. https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/646 ; http://boisestate.worldcat.org/oclc/41706462.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ireton, M Frank. “Passage Formation, Classification, and Modification of Lava Tubes.” 1977. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ireton MF. Passage Formation, Classification, and Modification of Lava Tubes. [Internet] [Thesis]. Boise State University; 1977. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/646 ; http://boisestate.worldcat.org/oclc/41706462.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ireton MF. Passage Formation, Classification, and Modification of Lava Tubes. [Thesis]. Boise State University; 1977. Available from: https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/646 ; http://boisestate.worldcat.org/oclc/41706462

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

4. Mnich, Marissa. An Integrated Study of the South-Central Part of the Springerville Volcanic Field; The Final Piece.

Degree: MS, Geosciences, 2013, University of Massachusetts

URL: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/991

► The Springerville Volcanic Field (SVF) is a monogenetic volcanic field located in east-central Arizona and is the southernmost of several late Pliocene to Holocene… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Volcanology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mnich, M. (2013). An Integrated Study of the South-Central Part of the Springerville Volcanic Field; The Final Piece. (Masters Thesis). University of Massachusetts. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/991

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mnich, Marissa. “An Integrated Study of the South-Central Part of the Springerville Volcanic Field; The Final Piece.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Massachusetts. Accessed January 17, 2021. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/991.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mnich, Marissa. “An Integrated Study of the South-Central Part of the Springerville Volcanic Field; The Final Piece.” 2013. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Mnich M. An Integrated Study of the South-Central Part of the Springerville Volcanic Field; The Final Piece. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Massachusetts; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/991.

Council of Science Editors:

Mnich M. An Integrated Study of the South-Central Part of the Springerville Volcanic Field; The Final Piece. [Masters Thesis]. University of Massachusetts; 2013. Available from: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/991

5. Clark, Heather A. Evolution Of Volatile Content Of The Parent Magma Of The 1875 Eruption Of Askja Volcano, Iceland.

Degree: MS, Geosciences, 2012, University of Massachusetts

URL: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/794

► The bulk of the eruption of Askja in north central Iceland on March 28-29 1875 consisted of a plinian eruption that lasted 6-7 hours,… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Askja; volcanology; volatiles; Iceland; petrology; Geology; Volcanology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Clark, H. A. (2012). Evolution Of Volatile Content Of The Parent Magma Of The 1875 Eruption Of Askja Volcano, Iceland. (Masters Thesis). University of Massachusetts. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/794

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Clark, Heather A. “Evolution Of Volatile Content Of The Parent Magma Of The 1875 Eruption Of Askja Volcano, Iceland.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Massachusetts. Accessed January 17, 2021. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/794.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Clark, Heather A. “Evolution Of Volatile Content Of The Parent Magma Of The 1875 Eruption Of Askja Volcano, Iceland.” 2012. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Clark HA. Evolution Of Volatile Content Of The Parent Magma Of The 1875 Eruption Of Askja Volcano, Iceland. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Massachusetts; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/794.

Council of Science Editors:

Clark HA. Evolution Of Volatile Content Of The Parent Magma Of The 1875 Eruption Of Askja Volcano, Iceland. [Masters Thesis]. University of Massachusetts; 2012. Available from: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/794

Oregon State University

6. Tierney, Casey R. Timescales of large silicic magma systems : implications from accessory minerals in Pleistocene lavas of the Altiplano-Puna Volcanic Complex, central Andes.

Degree: MS, Geology, 2011, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/21754

► Constraining the development, evolution, and timescales of large silicic magma systems is important to understanding the development of granite batholiths, the relationships between volcanoes and… (more)

▼ Constraining the development, evolution, and timescales of large silicic magma systems is important to understanding the development of granite batholiths, the relationships between volcanoes and their plutonic underpinnings, and the development of the continental crust. The ignimbrite flare up that produced the Altiplano-Puna Volcanic Complex of the Central Andes is characterized by episodic volcanism over a ~11 Ma time-span that climaxed about 4 Ma. Since peak activity, the temporal and spatial record of volcanism suggests a waning of the system with only one other supervolcanic eruption at 2.6 Ma. The most recent phase of volcanism from the APVC comprises a series of late Pleistocene domes that share a general petrochemical resemblance to the ignimbrites. New U-Th/U-Pb data on zircons and high precision 40Ar/39Ar age determinations reveal that these effusive eruptions represent a temporally coherent magmatic episode. The five largest domes (Chao, Chillahuita, Chanka, Chascon-Runtu Jarita, and Tocopuri) have a combined volume >40 km³, and are distributed over a roughly elliptical area of almost 2000km² centered at 22°S 68°W. They are crystal rich (>50%) dacites to rhyolites. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages from biotite reveals eruption ages from 108±6 to 120±5 ka while more accurate sanidine for some of the domes reveal eruption ages from 87±4 to 97±2 ka. SIMS U-series crystallization ages from the rims of 215 zircon crystals from the domes show a similar age spectra from dome to dome, with common peaks in zircon ages at ~100ka and ~220ka. Furthermore, the ages reveal a fairly continuous spread of ages from near eruption to >300ka indicating that the residence time of this magma body was likely over a similar time interval. Ubiquitous andesitic inclusions evidence a vital role for recharge in sustaining and maybe eventual eruption of these magmas. Lastly, the interiors of crystals with rim U-Th secular equilibrium ages were re-analyzed and have yielded U-Pb ages of up to 3.5 Ma. The presence of these older interiors suggests that the source region of these magmas retained a record of an earlier history dating back to the last supervolcanic eruption in the region from the nearby Pastos Grandes caldera. This suggests that the thermal history of the system precluded complete resorption of antecrysts. The volcanological, petrological, temporal and spatial coherence of this series of eruptions combined with the similar ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar and zircon age spectra argue for a long-lived and unitary magma chamber revealing perhaps the waning of this major continental magma system. Advisors/Committee Members: de Silva, Shan (advisor), Grunder, Anita (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Volcanology; Volcanism – Altiplano

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Tierney, C. R. (2011). Timescales of large silicic magma systems : implications from accessory minerals in Pleistocene lavas of the Altiplano-Puna Volcanic Complex, central Andes. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/21754

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tierney, Casey R. “Timescales of large silicic magma systems : implications from accessory minerals in Pleistocene lavas of the Altiplano-Puna Volcanic Complex, central Andes.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/21754.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tierney, Casey R. “Timescales of large silicic magma systems : implications from accessory minerals in Pleistocene lavas of the Altiplano-Puna Volcanic Complex, central Andes.” 2011. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Tierney CR. Timescales of large silicic magma systems : implications from accessory minerals in Pleistocene lavas of the Altiplano-Puna Volcanic Complex, central Andes. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/21754.

Council of Science Editors:

Tierney CR. Timescales of large silicic magma systems : implications from accessory minerals in Pleistocene lavas of the Altiplano-Puna Volcanic Complex, central Andes. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/21754

University of California – Santa Cruz

7. Finn, David Ryan. Paleomagnetic Correlation of Yellowstone Hotspot Related Rheomorphic Ignimbrite in the Snake River Plain of Southern Idaho, USA.

Degree: Earth Science, 2016, University of California – Santa Cruz

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9h16t6sr

► Large-volume explosive volcanic eruptions from the Bruneau-Jarbidge region of southwestern Idaho are thought to have impacted mid-Miocene environments across continental USA and probably perturbated global… (more)

▼ Large-volume explosive volcanic eruptions from the Bruneau-Jarbidge region of southwestern Idaho are thought to have impacted mid-Miocene environments across continental USA and probably perturbated global climate. They are recorded by widely dispersed tephras and a proximal succession of welded rhyolitic ignimbrites known as the Cougar Point Tuffs (CPT). Ignimbrite successions similar to the CPT in age, chemistry, and physical characteristics are present along both the southern and northern margins of the central Snake River Plain (cSRP). Identification of individual eruption-units spanning between distant locations is essential to understand the true scale and frequency of volcanism. Fortunately, the CPT record an unusual pattern of geomagnetic field directions that provides the basis for robust stratigraphic correlations. Paleomagnetic characterization of eruption-units based on geomagnetic field variation has a resolution on the order of a few centuries or less, providing the means for strong tests of whether two deposits could have been emplaced from the same eruption or from temporally separate events. In this thesis, I present paleomagnetic, geochemical, mineralogical, and geochronologic evidence for correlation of the CPT eastward to the Brown’s Bench escarpment (6 common eruption-units) and Cassia Mountains (3 common eruption-units) regions of southern Idaho. The new stratigraphy presented here significantly reduces the frequency and increases the scale of known cSRP ignimbrite eruptions. Individual ignimbrite cooling-units, however, display significant variation of magnetic remanence directions and other magnetic properties. This complicates paleomagnetic correlation. The ignimbrites are intensely welded and exhibit mylonite-like flow-banding produced by rheomorphic ductile shear during emplacement, prior to cooling below magnetic blocking temperatures. This results in a large anisotropy of thermal remanent magnetization, which in turn results in large deflections of the stable remanence direction. To obtain reliable paleomagnetic directions, the anisotropy of anhysteretic remanence was measured in the CPT to correct for magnetic anisotropy. In addition to magnetic anisotropy, the strong preferential alignment of anisotropic grains results in the acquisition of a significant component of gyroremanence (GRM) during alternating field demagnetization. The accepted method proposed by Dankers and Zjiderveld (1981) for excluding GRM affected measurements requires nearly triple the amount of lab work, and by consequence, is almost never regularly implemented on large batches of samples. Here, I present a laboratory procedure and subsequent analysis (SI method) that removes the effects of GRM in static AF demagnetization without requiring extra laboratory work.

Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Paleomagnetism; Volcanology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Finn, D. R. (2016). Paleomagnetic Correlation of Yellowstone Hotspot Related Rheomorphic Ignimbrite in the Snake River Plain of Southern Idaho, USA. (Thesis). University of California – Santa Cruz. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9h16t6sr

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Finn, David Ryan. “Paleomagnetic Correlation of Yellowstone Hotspot Related Rheomorphic Ignimbrite in the Snake River Plain of Southern Idaho, USA.” 2016. Thesis, University of California – Santa Cruz. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9h16t6sr.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Finn, David Ryan. “Paleomagnetic Correlation of Yellowstone Hotspot Related Rheomorphic Ignimbrite in the Snake River Plain of Southern Idaho, USA.” 2016. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Finn DR. Paleomagnetic Correlation of Yellowstone Hotspot Related Rheomorphic Ignimbrite in the Snake River Plain of Southern Idaho, USA. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Santa Cruz; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9h16t6sr.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Finn DR. Paleomagnetic Correlation of Yellowstone Hotspot Related Rheomorphic Ignimbrite in the Snake River Plain of Southern Idaho, USA. [Thesis]. University of California – Santa Cruz; 2016. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9h16t6sr

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Oxford

8. Hunt, Jonathan. Structural controls on volcanism and degassing in the Main Ethiopian Rift.

Degree: PhD, 2019, University of Oxford

URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:57da584e-f8f4-4822-9cde-d6a8c83d3936 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.808257

► The interactions between magmatism and crustal structure in continental rifts are manifold, and affect both rift dynamics and the populations that live within them. This… (more)

▼ The interactions between magmatism and crustal structure in continental rifts are manifold, and affect both rift dynamics and the populations that live within them. This thesis explores these interactions, focussing on structural controls on volcanism and degassing in the Main Ethiopian Rift, an archetypal continental rift. The rift hosts up to 10 large silicic volcanoes that have been active in the Quaternary, along with extensive basaltic volcanic fields and widespread geothermal activity. Using a range of geological, geochemical and remote sensing techniques, I examine past volcanism and present degassing with conclusions relevant for the local, regional and global scale. I use new diffuse CO₂ surveys to show the variability of fault-controlled degassing in the rift, and combine the results with a new compilation of geothermal sites to extrapolate for a rift-scale estimate of emissions. Whilst rift-related diffuse CO2 flux is clearly important for the global carbon budget, the new estimate for degassing in East Africa is lower than previously suggested. High-resolution digital elevation models produced for 3 silicic volcanoes in the Main Ethiopian Rift and 1 volcano in Afar show vent and crater alignments along both rift-parallel and cross-rift structures. I have mapped previously unidentified deposits, and compared the relative frequency, type, and magnitude of eruptions at each volcano. Morphological constraints suggest emplacement viscosities for peralkaline lavas of ~10⁸–10¹⁰ Pa s, similar to or lower than calc-alkaline rhyolites. I compare the morphology of basaltic volcanic fields using digital elevation models, and calculate average volumes. Isolated cones adjacent to faults in East Ziway suggests dike capture, and morphometric analysis (e.g., height to width ratios and rim curvature) suggests an older age than cones in the Butajira field on the rift flank. Superimposed cones and maars at Butajira were likely emplaced by fissure eruptions and phreatomagmatic activity fed by deflected dikes.

Subjects/Keywords: Volcanology; Remote sensing

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hunt, J. (2019). Structural controls on volcanism and degassing in the Main Ethiopian Rift. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:57da584e-f8f4-4822-9cde-d6a8c83d3936 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.808257

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hunt, Jonathan. “Structural controls on volcanism and degassing in the Main Ethiopian Rift.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:57da584e-f8f4-4822-9cde-d6a8c83d3936 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.808257.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hunt, Jonathan. “Structural controls on volcanism and degassing in the Main Ethiopian Rift.” 2019. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Hunt J. Structural controls on volcanism and degassing in the Main Ethiopian Rift. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:57da584e-f8f4-4822-9cde-d6a8c83d3936 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.808257.

Council of Science Editors:

Hunt J. Structural controls on volcanism and degassing in the Main Ethiopian Rift. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2019. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:57da584e-f8f4-4822-9cde-d6a8c83d3936 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.808257

9. Pontbriand, Claire W. Deep explosive volcanism on the Gakkel Ridge and seismological constraints on shallow recharge at TAG active mound.

Degree: 2013, MIT and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1912/5761

► Seafloor digital imagery and bathymetric data are used to evaluate the volcanic characteristics of the 85°E segment of the ultraslow spreading Gakkel Ridge (9 mm… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Volcanic eruptions; Volcanology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pontbriand, C. W. (2013). Deep explosive volcanism on the Gakkel Ridge and seismological constraints on shallow recharge at TAG active mound. (Thesis). MIT and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1912/5761

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pontbriand, Claire W. “Deep explosive volcanism on the Gakkel Ridge and seismological constraints on shallow recharge at TAG active mound.” 2013. Thesis, MIT and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1912/5761.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pontbriand, Claire W. “Deep explosive volcanism on the Gakkel Ridge and seismological constraints on shallow recharge at TAG active mound.” 2013. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Pontbriand CW. Deep explosive volcanism on the Gakkel Ridge and seismological constraints on shallow recharge at TAG active mound. [Internet] [Thesis]. MIT and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1912/5761.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Pontbriand CW. Deep explosive volcanism on the Gakkel Ridge and seismological constraints on shallow recharge at TAG active mound. [Thesis]. MIT and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1912/5761

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

10. Seligman, Angela. Oxygen and hydrogen investigation of volcanic rocks: Petrogenesis to paleoclimate.

Degree: PhD, Department of Geological Sciences, 2016, University of Oregon

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20547

► Knowledge of the isotopic evolution of volcanic eruptions is essential to volcanologists, geochemists, and paleoclimatologists. I isotopically evaluate the evolution of magmas from their initial… (more)

▼ Knowledge of the isotopic evolution of volcanic eruptions is essential to volcanologists, geochemists, and paleoclimatologists. I isotopically evaluate the evolution of magmas from their initial formation, to eruption, and then to their alteration during the diffusion of environmental waters into volcanic glass. I focus first on the formation and evolution of large, caldera-forming eruptions from both Gorely volcano in Kamchatka, Russia and 30–40 Ma caldera forming eruptions through Oregon in the United States of America. I utilize oxygen (δ18O), hafnium (εHf), strontium (87Sr/86Sr), and neodymium (143Nd/144Nd) isotopes to document the creation of caldera-forming eruptions at these eruptive centers through the melting of surrounding crust. I also use U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar to document the timescales of the formation of these large-volume silicic eruptions. Following eruption, the volcanic glass in tephra and ash can slowly take in environmental water. It is thought that the hydrogen isotopic ratio (δD) of these waters can be used to determine paleoenvironments from the time that the volcanic glass was deposited. The latter portion of my dissertation focuses on the use of hydrogen isotopes of environmentally hydrated volcanic glass to determine paleoenvironments, and the calibration of the TCEA to analyze oxygen isotopes of hydrated volcanic glass. I first focus on the rate of diffusion of water at ambient temperature to better understand the time frame necessary to hydrate volcanic glass for use as a paleoenvironmental indicator. I also document the hydrogen isotopic ratios that result from the diffusion of water into volcanic glass, which is documented as a decrease in δD with an increase in secondary hydration in all regions worldwide except equatorial. Finally, I focus on the earliest stages of diffusion of water into volcanic glass by analyzing tephra deposits that were collected within days of the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens as well as tephra deposits recently collected in 2015 to identify changes in water concentration and hydrogen isotopic ratios over an ~35 year period. Advisors/Committee Members: Bindeman, Ilya (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: isotopes; paleoclimatology; volcanology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Seligman, A. (2016). Oxygen and hydrogen investigation of volcanic rocks: Petrogenesis to paleoclimate. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oregon. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20547

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Seligman, Angela. “Oxygen and hydrogen investigation of volcanic rocks: Petrogenesis to paleoclimate.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oregon. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20547.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Seligman, Angela. “Oxygen and hydrogen investigation of volcanic rocks: Petrogenesis to paleoclimate.” 2016. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Seligman A. Oxygen and hydrogen investigation of volcanic rocks: Petrogenesis to paleoclimate. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oregon; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20547.

Council of Science Editors:

Seligman A. Oxygen and hydrogen investigation of volcanic rocks: Petrogenesis to paleoclimate. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oregon; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20547

University of Nevada – Las Vegas

11. Johnsen, Racheal Leighann. Subalklaine Volcanism in the Eastern Basin and Range Province: Examples from the Miocene McCullough Range Volcanic Field and the Pliocene to Holocene Black Rock Desert Volcanic Field.

Degree: PhD, Geoscience, 2014, University of Nevada – Las Vegas

URL: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/2273

► This dissertation is composed of three papers that apply geologic mapping, whole rock geochemical and isotopic analysis, and mineral chemistry to describe two large,… (more)

▼ This dissertation is composed of three papers that apply geologic mapping, whole rock geochemical and isotopic analysis, and mineral chemistry to describe two large, long-lived (~6 million years), and compositionally heterogeneous volcanic fields and posit sources of the rock types present in each. These fields are the McCullough Range in southern Nevada, which was a locus of volcanic activity from ~19 - 12 Ma and the Black Rock Desert volcanic field in west-central Utah, which began forming at ~6 Ma and is still active today, with the most recent eruption occurring ~720 years ago. Chapter Two is composed of a paper summarizing the physical and chemical properties of the Black Rock Desert (BRD) and Markagunt Plateau (MP) volcanic fields in Utah. Both the BRD and MP volcanic fields have been active for about 6 million years and are composed of similar rock types. In the last 2.5 million years, volcanoes in both the BRD and MP fields erupted tholeiitic basalts and calc-alkaline intermediate rocks. Comparing and contrasting the chemical attributes of the two volcanic fields led to the conclusion that despite differences in the amount of crustal extension, subalkaline rocks in both volcanic fields are both common and share common petrogenetic histories. Chapter Three is a detailed study of a subfield of the BRD volcanic field: the ca. 2.7 - 2.1 Ma Twin Peaks volcanic field. The paper presents the results of detailed mapping and extensive sampling, and utilizes both whole rock and mineral chemistry to propose a basic petrogenetic model for the formation and evolution of the Twin Peaks caldera. Two major conclusions came from this study: 1) the Twin Peaks caldera was produced in a similar fashion to the 1912 Novarupta-Katmai eruption in Alaska, in that the earliest eruptions, including those that formed the Twin Peaks caldera, occurred ~10 km west of the actual location of the caldera itself. 2) The range in compositions and order of eruptions for the first episode was the product of partially emptying a zoned magma chamber with rhyolite at the top and basalt at the bottom of the erupted portion. Chapter Four is focused on the lower to middle Miocene strata of the McCullough Range volcanic field. Located along the western margin of the northern Colorado River extensional corridor (NCREC), the McCullough Range volcanic field has two attributes which make it ideally suited for detailed geochemical study: 1) it was active prior to and during large magnitude extension in the central Basin and Range Province; and, 2) it is tilted but not as highly extended or altered as volcanic fields within the NCREC itself. The major findings of this study include the discovery of the pre-extensional Enigma stratovolcano. The Enigma Volcano is comprised of a chemically enriched lower portion and of a calc-alkaline upper portion. Detailed mapping and chemistry suggested that volcanic rocks formed during early magmatic activity in the NCREC obtained their chemical enrichments (high volatiles, P, Zr, Sr, Ba, and LREE)… Advisors/Committee Members: Eugene I. Smith, Adam Simon, Terry Spell, Michael Wells, Chih-Hsiang Ho.

Subjects/Keywords: Geochemistry; Geology; Volcanology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Johnsen, R. L. (2014). Subalklaine Volcanism in the Eastern Basin and Range Province: Examples from the Miocene McCullough Range Volcanic Field and the Pliocene to Holocene Black Rock Desert Volcanic Field. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Nevada – Las Vegas. Retrieved from https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/2273

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Johnsen, Racheal Leighann. “Subalklaine Volcanism in the Eastern Basin and Range Province: Examples from the Miocene McCullough Range Volcanic Field and the Pliocene to Holocene Black Rock Desert Volcanic Field.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Nevada – Las Vegas. Accessed January 17, 2021. https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/2273.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Johnsen, Racheal Leighann. “Subalklaine Volcanism in the Eastern Basin and Range Province: Examples from the Miocene McCullough Range Volcanic Field and the Pliocene to Holocene Black Rock Desert Volcanic Field.” 2014. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Johnsen RL. Subalklaine Volcanism in the Eastern Basin and Range Province: Examples from the Miocene McCullough Range Volcanic Field and the Pliocene to Holocene Black Rock Desert Volcanic Field. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Nevada – Las Vegas; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/2273.

Council of Science Editors:

Johnsen RL. Subalklaine Volcanism in the Eastern Basin and Range Province: Examples from the Miocene McCullough Range Volcanic Field and the Pliocene to Holocene Black Rock Desert Volcanic Field. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Nevada – Las Vegas; 2014. Available from: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/2273

California State University – Sacramento

12. Hootman, Crystal Dawn. Textural analysis of mafic enclaves as an insight into magma mixing processes at Chaos Crags, Lassen Volcanic Center, California.

Degree: MS, Geology, 2011, California State University – Sacramento

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.9/1373

► The Chaos Crags are a series of volcanic domes located in Lassen Volcanic Center, southernmost Cascades Range. The six domes erupted approximately 1100 years ago.… (more)

▼ The Chaos Crags are a series of volcanic domes located in Lassen Volcanic Center, southernmost Cascades Range. The six domes erupted approximately 1100 years ago. The host rock is dacite, which is compositional similar in all domes at (66-69 wt. % SiO2), and differs from the mafic enclaves that range in composition from (53-61 wt. % SiO2). The enclaves result from two distinct and thermally different magmas mixing and can provide an insight into the processes of magma mixing. Five texturally different enclaves types were identified. To determine abundance of the enclaves in each dome, 113 point count stations were completed in the dome complex talus slopes. Previously collected and new samples were photomircrographed and plagioclase crystals were hand traced to be processed in Crystal Size Distribution (CSD), which determines nucleation and growth time of crystals. Previously completed geochemical data was used to determine if the enclaves and host were similar or different in composition. The results of observation at Chaos Crags were 1) The total abundance of enclaves increases with eruption of domes. 2) There are distinctive abrupt increases in the total abundance of enclaves between eruption of domes B and C, domes C and D. 3) There are more modest increases in the total abundance of enclaves between eruption of domes A and B, domes E and F. 4) Although it seems likely that all enclave types are present in each dome, changes in distribution of enclave type seem to correlate with the increase in total abundance. 5) Host dacites show a narrow range in composition while enclaves show a mixing trend from a more mafic source toward the host dacite. 6) There is a clear link between enclave type and geochemistry. The most mixed enclave types are type 1. The least mixed are types 3 and 4. The magma mixing model proposed is one of repeated injections of small batches of mafic magma, either injected as a fountain or ponded at the base of the magma chamber. Also the mafic magma injections are the suggested cause of eruption. Enclaves present are directly related to the type of recharge event. Disaggregation of the enclaves occurred in the conduit during the eruption. This thesis was just an initial step using CSD and geochemical data leading to some surprising results and further research should be conducted. Advisors/Committee Members: Hammersley, Lisa.

Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Volcanology; Petrology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hootman, C. D. (2011). Textural analysis of mafic enclaves as an insight into magma mixing processes at Chaos Crags, Lassen Volcanic Center, California. (Masters Thesis). California State University – Sacramento. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10211.9/1373

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hootman, Crystal Dawn. “Textural analysis of mafic enclaves as an insight into magma mixing processes at Chaos Crags, Lassen Volcanic Center, California.” 2011. Masters Thesis, California State University – Sacramento. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10211.9/1373.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hootman, Crystal Dawn. “Textural analysis of mafic enclaves as an insight into magma mixing processes at Chaos Crags, Lassen Volcanic Center, California.” 2011. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Hootman CD. Textural analysis of mafic enclaves as an insight into magma mixing processes at Chaos Crags, Lassen Volcanic Center, California. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. California State University – Sacramento; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.9/1373.

Council of Science Editors:

Hootman CD. Textural analysis of mafic enclaves as an insight into magma mixing processes at Chaos Crags, Lassen Volcanic Center, California. [Masters Thesis]. California State University – Sacramento; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.9/1373

Cornell University

13. Henderson, Scott. Quantifying The Properties Of Magmatic Intrusions In The Central Andes With Geodesy.

Degree: PhD, Geological Sciences, 2015, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/40724

► Volcanism in convergent arcs is the end result of magma ascending to the Earth's surface. However, many of the details of the ascent process are… (more)

▼ Volcanism in convergent arcs is the end result of magma ascending to the Earth's surface. However, many of the details of the ascent process are still debated. In particular, how long does magma persist in reservoirs at particular depths? What is the timescale and physical mechanism of ascent between reservoirs? To address these questions this thesis investigates volcanic deformation in the Central Andes Volcanic Zone of South America (CVZ, 15-28? S). The CVZ is one of three distinct volcanic arc segments in the Andes that results from the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South America Plate. To begin, I compile available information for Holocene eruptions to show that despite containing the largest number of 'active volcanoes' (70), the CVZ has only 12% of recorded eruptions in the Andes. I then demonstrate through a synoptic survey with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) that 40% of volcanic deformation events in the Andes over the last two decades occur in the CVZ. Next, I attempt to constrain the physical properties of two active intrusions in the CVZ that are unique in terms of their large size (>50km diameter) and persistent maximum rates of uplift (>1 cm/yr for >10yrs). First, I focus on Uturuncu Volcano, where I analyze InSAR and GPS data to constrain the spatial and temporal deformation pattern between 1992 and 2014. I propose a 'dipole' model of magma transport between vertically-aligned reservoirs in the lower crust and middle crust to explain the observation of uplift and peripheral subsidence at Uturuncu. The ratio of vertical to radial surface displacements for single inflation source is increased by adding a dipole reservoir, but decreased to a greater degree by crustal heterogeneity known from seismic tomography. Additionally, volume discrepancies of 1-10x between source and sink reservoirs are expected given known ranges of lower crustal material properties in the Central Andes. Finally, I present current InSAR and GPS observations at Lazufre Volcanic Complex through 10/2014 that show maintained spatial and temporal patterns of uplift compared to the previous two decades. Using a finite element model for an opening sill I demonstrate the role of layering and 3D heterogeneous structure based on newly-available seismic tomography. The proposed heterogeneous structure increases the surface displacements for homogeneous crust by less than 7% within a 10km radius of the center of uplift.

Subjects/Keywords: Volcanology; InSAR; Central Andes

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APA (6^th Edition):

Henderson, S. (2015). Quantifying The Properties Of Magmatic Intrusions In The Central Andes With Geodesy. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/40724

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Henderson, Scott. “Quantifying The Properties Of Magmatic Intrusions In The Central Andes With Geodesy.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Cornell University. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/40724.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Henderson, Scott. “Quantifying The Properties Of Magmatic Intrusions In The Central Andes With Geodesy.” 2015. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Henderson S. Quantifying The Properties Of Magmatic Intrusions In The Central Andes With Geodesy. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cornell University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/40724.

Council of Science Editors:

Henderson S. Quantifying The Properties Of Magmatic Intrusions In The Central Andes With Geodesy. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cornell University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/40724

University of Waikato

14. Vincent, Kirsty Anne. U-Pb Dating of Silicic Volcanic Rocks of the Eastern Coromandel Peninsula .

Degree: 2012, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6518

► The eastern Coromandel Volcanic Zone (CVZ) is an area of predominantly andesite-dacite-rhyolite volcanism which was erupted and subsequently hydrothermally altered in parts during the Late… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Coromandel Volcanic Zone; geochronology; volcanology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Vincent, K. A. (2012). U-Pb Dating of Silicic Volcanic Rocks of the Eastern Coromandel Peninsula . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6518

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Vincent, Kirsty Anne. “U-Pb Dating of Silicic Volcanic Rocks of the Eastern Coromandel Peninsula .” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6518.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vincent, Kirsty Anne. “U-Pb Dating of Silicic Volcanic Rocks of the Eastern Coromandel Peninsula .” 2012. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Vincent KA. U-Pb Dating of Silicic Volcanic Rocks of the Eastern Coromandel Peninsula . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6518.

Council of Science Editors:

Vincent KA. U-Pb Dating of Silicic Volcanic Rocks of the Eastern Coromandel Peninsula . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6518

Oregon State University

15. Harpel, Christopher J. Stratigraphy, sedimentology, and eruptive dynamics of the 2-ka eruption of Misti Volcano, southern Peru.

Degree: PhD, Geology, 2009, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/13003

► The 2-ka eruption of Misti volcano produced voluminous flowage deposits and a wide-spread tephra-fall deposit. The flowage deposits form large terraces within channels draining the… (more)

▼ The 2-ka eruption of Misti volcano produced voluminous flowage deposits and a wide-spread tephra-fall deposit. The flowage deposits form large terraces within channels draining the south side of the volcano. All the channels drain into the city of Arequipa. Arequipa's city center is ~16 km from the summit of the volcano. The large proximal population and historical unrest make volcano hazards assessment critical at Misti. The 2-ka flowage deposits are previously identified as pyroclastic-flow deposits. Abundant sedimentological and textural evidence suggests that 0.04 km³ (~80%) of these deposits are lahar deposits. Pyroclastic flows melted ~0.06 km³ of snow and ice on the volcano triggering ≤0.02-km³ lahars that inundated the southern channels and some interfluves. The downstream evolution of the lahars is represented by four facies. Small, bulking debris flows from the upper flanks of the volcano emplaced the proximal facies. Several large debris flows both bulking and debulking resulted in the terrace facies. Deposition upstream progressively thinned and diluted the flows resulting in the medial facies. Debulking and dilution continued until the flows became hyperconcentrated flows and deposited the distal facies. The 2-ka eruption was a VEI 4 that produced a 1.4-km³ tephra-fall deposit and 0.01 km³ of pyroclastic-flow deposits in ~3–5 h. Pyroclastic flows descended the southern flanks of the volcano. Column heights ≤27 km and winds dispersed the tephra fall southwest, resulting in ~20 cm of tephra in Arequipa. Pyroclastic flows and tephra fall of the same magnitude as the 2-ka eruption could occur again. Few people live in the high pyroclastic-flow hazard area but a large population live within the low hazard zone. Significant tephra fall could occur in Arequipa and would severely affect the city. There is not enough water available under modern climate conditions to generate lahars as voluminous as the 2-ka lahars. Water available under modern conditions suggests that lahars with volumes ≤1x10⁵–3x10⁶ m³ are possible. Lahars ≤1x10⁷ m³ would be possible if the Rio Chili were dammed during an eruption. Lahar hazards zones evaluated on the basis of these volumes, suggest that the largest of these lahars could enter Arequipa. Advisors/Committee Members: de Silva, Shanaka L (advisor), Scott, William E (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: volcanology; Misti Volcano (Peru)

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APA (6^th Edition):

Harpel, C. J. (2009). Stratigraphy, sedimentology, and eruptive dynamics of the 2-ka eruption of Misti Volcano, southern Peru. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/13003

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Harpel, Christopher J. “Stratigraphy, sedimentology, and eruptive dynamics of the 2-ka eruption of Misti Volcano, southern Peru.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/13003.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Harpel, Christopher J. “Stratigraphy, sedimentology, and eruptive dynamics of the 2-ka eruption of Misti Volcano, southern Peru.” 2009. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Harpel CJ. Stratigraphy, sedimentology, and eruptive dynamics of the 2-ka eruption of Misti Volcano, southern Peru. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/13003.

Council of Science Editors:

Harpel CJ. Stratigraphy, sedimentology, and eruptive dynamics of the 2-ka eruption of Misti Volcano, southern Peru. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/13003

16. Peters, Nial John. Monitoring Erebus volcano's active lava lake; tools, techniques and observations.

Degree: PhD, 2015, University of Cambridge

URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/247223https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/247223/2/license.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/247223/3/license_rdf ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/247223/6/thesis_main.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/247223/7/thesis_main.pdf.jpg

► Active lava lakes present a rare opportunity to observe directly the complex processes occurring within a magma body. Situated on Ross Island, Antarctica, the 3794-m-high… (more)

▼ Active lava lakes present a rare opportunity to observe directly the complex processes occurring within a magma body. Situated on Ross Island, Antarctica, the 3794-m-high crater of Erebus volcano has hosted a phonolite lava lake for decades. Previous studies have shown that many of the lake’s characteristics, such as surface velocity, gas flux and gas composition, exhibit a pronounced pulsatory behaviour on a time-scale of ∼10 min. Focusing primarily on the analysis of infra-red (IR) imagery acquired from the crater rim, this dissertation considers how the periodic behaviour of the Erebus lava lake evolves over decadal time periods, how the cyclic fluctuations of the different properties are interrelated and what can be inferred about the mechanisms occurring beneath the surface of the lake from these observations. Creation of new hardware, software and methodologies to facilitate these types of observations is a strong focus of this work. Chapter 1 introduces the nature of active lava lakes, reviews previous studies of Erebus and presents in detail the research objectives that are addressed by the subsequent chapters. In Chapter 2, a new thermal camera system that was developed as part of this study is described. Designed to run autonomously at the crater-rim of Erebus, this system was installed in December 2012 and has enabled, for the first time, extended time-series of images to be acquired. Chapter 3 briefly describes some of the other hardware and software that was developed as part of this study and outlines how it has been utilised for volcano monitoring. In Chapter 4, a dataset of IR images collected between 2004–2011 is used to assess inter-annual variability in the pulsatory behaviour of the surface motion of the Erebus lava lake. The cyclic behaviour is found to be a sustained feature of the lake, and no obvious changes are observed across the time period analysed. Data collected with the camera system described in Chapter 2 are analysed in Chapter 5 and combined with measurements from other instruments to assess the correlation between the cyclic behaviours of different lake properties. Cycles in surface speed, surface elevation, gas flux and gas composition are found to be highly correlated with each other. In Chapter 6, the surface velocities calculated in the preceding chapters are revisited, and the two-dimensional structure of the flow field is analysed. Chapter 7 demonstrates how the motion tracking methodologies developed for studying the Erebus lava lake can be used to improve high time resolution sulphur dioxide flux estimates - a significant challenge faced in the study presented in Chapter 5. Finally, Chapter 8 presents a synthesis of the key findings and conclusions from the preceding chapters.

Subjects/Keywords: lava lake; volcanology; Erebus

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APA (6^th Edition):

Peters, N. J. (2015). Monitoring Erebus volcano's active lava lake; tools, techniques and observations. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Cambridge. Retrieved from https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/247223https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/247223/2/license.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/247223/3/license_rdf ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/247223/6/thesis_main.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/247223/7/thesis_main.pdf.jpg

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Peters, Nial John. “Monitoring Erebus volcano's active lava lake; tools, techniques and observations.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cambridge. Accessed January 17, 2021. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/247223https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/247223/2/license.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/247223/3/license_rdf ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/247223/6/thesis_main.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/247223/7/thesis_main.pdf.jpg.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Peters, Nial John. “Monitoring Erebus volcano's active lava lake; tools, techniques and observations.” 2015. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Peters NJ. Monitoring Erebus volcano's active lava lake; tools, techniques and observations. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/247223https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/247223/2/license.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/247223/3/license_rdf ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/247223/6/thesis_main.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/247223/7/thesis_main.pdf.jpg.

Council of Science Editors:

Peters NJ. Monitoring Erebus volcano's active lava lake; tools, techniques and observations. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2015. Available from: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/247223https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/247223/2/license.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/247223/3/license_rdf ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/247223/6/thesis_main.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/247223/7/thesis_main.pdf.jpg

Royal Holloway, University of London

17. Satow, Christopher George. The tephrostratigraphy of three, Late Quaternary, Mediterranean marine cores.

Degree: PhD, 2012, Royal Holloway, University of London

URL: https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/the-tephrostratigraphy-of-three-late-quaternary-mediterranean-marine-cores(aa9e00be-409a-4811-807a-577812719cd1).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589613

► Isochronous tephra layers provide the potential for the precise correlation of environmental records and, in the case of tephra layers of known age, for the… (more)

▼ Isochronous tephra layers provide the potential for the precise correlation of environmental records and, in the case of tephra layers of known age, for the importation of age estimates into sequences that lack independent ages, or for which the chronology is equivocal. This PhD project explored this potential for three important late Quaternary core sequences from the Mediterranean Sea: ODP975, which lies close to the Balearics in the western Mediterranean; LC21 in the Aegean Sea, close to Crete; and OPD967 in the far eastern Mediterranean, close to Cyprus. Each sequence was investigated for the presence of visible volcanic ash and cryptotephra layers. Very low amounts of volcanic glass shards were found in the ODP975 sequence, while 15 discrete tephra layers were found in core LC21 and 5 in the ODP967 sequence. These were geochemically analysed for constituent major and trace element ratios using EPMA-WDS, LA-ICP-MS and SIMS micro-analytical methods. Correlations of tephra layers were based on graphical comparison of the resulting geochemical data-sets to a developing data-base of the representative glass chemical compositions of European proximal and distal tephra deposits. The results reveal evidence for 19 separate volcanic eruptions spanning the last 166 ka, originating from Campania, Pantelleria, Santorini, Yali/Nisyros and Kos, and possibly also from Central Anatolia and Iceland. 12 of these eruptions were previously unknown and thus are here characterised for the first time. The results add to the tephrostratigraphical record ofthe eastern Mediterranean, but also demonstrate that further progress requires some crucial procedural problems to be -addressed first. Several chronologically distinct tephra layers have identical elemental abundances, which complicates their applicability as robust stratigraphic and chronological markers. In addition, proximal and distal deposits derived from the same eruption phase may have different geochemical attributes, and some evidence suggests a degree of chemical heterogeneity between different distal components of the same eruption. If confirmed, these findings have serious implications for assigning distal tephra layers to a contemporaneous proximal deposit, and hence impede the reliable transfer of age estimates obtained from proximal layers to distal tephra and environmental records. These problems notwithstanding, the discovery of 12 previously unknown tephra layers demonstrates that the tephrostratigraphical record of the eastern Mediterranean is far from complete, and highlights the need for further research of this type. In particular, rhvolitic eruptions from Santorini are here shown to be more common than were previously thought. These findings therefore have importance for augmenting the history of volcanic activity in the region, especially as a contribution to understanding magma recharge rates and eruption frequencies and their relevance for developing more robust hazard assessments. 3

Subjects/Keywords: 551.79; volcanology; Marine Cores

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APA (6^th Edition):

Satow, C. G. (2012). The tephrostratigraphy of three, Late Quaternary, Mediterranean marine cores. (Doctoral Dissertation). Royal Holloway, University of London. Retrieved from https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/the-tephrostratigraphy-of-three-late-quaternary-mediterranean-marine-cores(aa9e00be-409a-4811-807a-577812719cd1).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589613

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Satow, Christopher George. “The tephrostratigraphy of three, Late Quaternary, Mediterranean marine cores.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Royal Holloway, University of London. Accessed January 17, 2021. https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/the-tephrostratigraphy-of-three-late-quaternary-mediterranean-marine-cores(aa9e00be-409a-4811-807a-577812719cd1).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589613.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Satow, Christopher George. “The tephrostratigraphy of three, Late Quaternary, Mediterranean marine cores.” 2012. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Satow CG. The tephrostratigraphy of three, Late Quaternary, Mediterranean marine cores. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Royal Holloway, University of London; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/the-tephrostratigraphy-of-three-late-quaternary-mediterranean-marine-cores(aa9e00be-409a-4811-807a-577812719cd1).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589613.

Council of Science Editors:

Satow CG. The tephrostratigraphy of three, Late Quaternary, Mediterranean marine cores. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Royal Holloway, University of London; 2012. Available from: https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/the-tephrostratigraphy-of-three-late-quaternary-mediterranean-marine-cores(aa9e00be-409a-4811-807a-577812719cd1).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589613

University of Oregon

18. Heath, Benjamin. Interactions Between Tectonism and Magmatism at Santorini: Insights from an Active Source Seismic Experiment.

Degree: PhD, Department of Geological Sciences, 2020, University of Oregon

URL: https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/25297

► In extensional volcanic arcs, tectonic and magmatic processes control the evolution of eruptive centers and their surrounding regions. Faulting, which increases crustal permeability, can focus… (more)

▼ In extensional volcanic arcs, tectonic and magmatic processes control the evolution of eruptive centers and their surrounding regions. Faulting, which increases crustal permeability, can focus magmatism and preferentially localize eruptive edifices near intersecting fault zones. In turn, magmatic diking and volcanic edifice growth/collapse can change both the regional and local stress/strain in the crust altering the style and amount of faulting. The relative importance of these magmatic and tectonic processes as well as how these processes coevolve are still poorly known. Here we study magmatic and tectonic interactions at Santorini Volcano, focusing on the localization of magmatism in the highly extended terrain and the subsequent influence of this magmatism on the evolution of tectonic activity. We use the dense PROTEUS active source seismic dataset, collected in a 120 km x 45 km region around the volcano, to perform both P-wave anisotropic traveltime tomography inversions and full waveform inversions, imaging the upper crust down to ∼4 km depth. Integrating our results with the well-studied volcanic and geologic history of Santorini, we show evidence for strong tectonic control on the evolution of Santorini’s magmatic system. In Chapter II and V, this interaction is recorded as i) the alignment of volcanic features parallel to tectonic features, ii) the localization of volcanism within a tectonic basin, and iii) the strong influence of tectono-magmatic lineaments on both regional volcanic evolution and localization iv of caldera collapse. In Chapter III we show that the magnitude of small-scale local faulting is uncorrelated to regions of magmatic activity indicating that magmatism is neither focused in areas of higher fracturing nor is accommodating substantial extensional strain. Rather both magmatism and small-scale faulting are strongly correlated with regional stress. In Chapter IV we hypothesize that the broad distribution of deformation (>40 km wide) currently observed results from magmatic activity. In contrast, a narrower episode of localized deformation (<20 km wide) preceded initiation of regional magmatism. This highlights the impact of regional magmatism on tectonic evolution. This works shows that magmatic and tectonic processes interact on a variety of temporal and spatial scales. This dissertation includes both previously published and co-authored material. Advisors/Committee Members: Hooft, Emilie (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics; Tectonics; Tomography; Volcanology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Heath, B. (2020). Interactions Between Tectonism and Magmatism at Santorini: Insights from an Active Source Seismic Experiment. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oregon. Retrieved from https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/25297

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Heath, Benjamin. “Interactions Between Tectonism and Magmatism at Santorini: Insights from an Active Source Seismic Experiment.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oregon. Accessed January 17, 2021. https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/25297.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Heath, Benjamin. “Interactions Between Tectonism and Magmatism at Santorini: Insights from an Active Source Seismic Experiment.” 2020. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Heath B. Interactions Between Tectonism and Magmatism at Santorini: Insights from an Active Source Seismic Experiment. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oregon; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/25297.

Council of Science Editors:

Heath B. Interactions Between Tectonism and Magmatism at Santorini: Insights from an Active Source Seismic Experiment. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oregon; 2020. Available from: https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/25297

University of Oregon

19. Tuohy, Robin. Olivine Crystallization Depths within Kilauea's Lower East Rift Zone: The Use of Rehomogenized Melt Inclusions to Interpret Magma Transport, Storage, and Energetic Fountaining.

Degree: MS, Department of Geological Sciences, 2014, University of Oregon

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/17900

► H2O and CO2 concentrations in olivine-hosted melt inclusions, assuming vapor saturation at the time of trapping, can be used to estimate crystallization depths for the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geochemistry; Kilauea Geology; Petrology; Volcanology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tuohy, R. (2014). Olivine Crystallization Depths within Kilauea's Lower East Rift Zone: The Use of Rehomogenized Melt Inclusions to Interpret Magma Transport, Storage, and Energetic Fountaining. (Masters Thesis). University of Oregon. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1794/17900

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tuohy, Robin. “Olivine Crystallization Depths within Kilauea's Lower East Rift Zone: The Use of Rehomogenized Melt Inclusions to Interpret Magma Transport, Storage, and Energetic Fountaining.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Oregon. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/17900.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tuohy, Robin. “Olivine Crystallization Depths within Kilauea's Lower East Rift Zone: The Use of Rehomogenized Melt Inclusions to Interpret Magma Transport, Storage, and Energetic Fountaining.” 2014. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Tuohy R. Olivine Crystallization Depths within Kilauea's Lower East Rift Zone: The Use of Rehomogenized Melt Inclusions to Interpret Magma Transport, Storage, and Energetic Fountaining. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Oregon; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/17900.

Council of Science Editors:

Tuohy R. Olivine Crystallization Depths within Kilauea's Lower East Rift Zone: The Use of Rehomogenized Melt Inclusions to Interpret Magma Transport, Storage, and Energetic Fountaining. [Masters Thesis]. University of Oregon; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/17900

Victoria University of Wellington

20. Barton, Sophie Jan. Crystal Forensics of Historical Lava Flows from Mt Ngauruhoe.

Degree: 2011, Victoria University of Wellington

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/4170

► Mt Ngauruhoe is a 900 m high andesitic cone constructed over the last 2500 yr, and is the youngest cone of the Tongariro Massif. It… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Volcanology; Vulcanology; Taupo; Tongariro; Petrology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Barton, S. J. (2011). Crystal Forensics of Historical Lava Flows from Mt Ngauruhoe. (Masters Thesis). Victoria University of Wellington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10063/4170

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Barton, Sophie Jan. “Crystal Forensics of Historical Lava Flows from Mt Ngauruhoe.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/4170.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Barton, Sophie Jan. “Crystal Forensics of Historical Lava Flows from Mt Ngauruhoe.” 2011. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Barton SJ. Crystal Forensics of Historical Lava Flows from Mt Ngauruhoe. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/4170.

Council of Science Editors:

Barton SJ. Crystal Forensics of Historical Lava Flows from Mt Ngauruhoe. [Masters Thesis]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/4170

University of Nevada – Las Vegas

21. Robertson, Kelly L. Magma chamber processes at Mutnovsky Volcano, Russia.

Degree: PhD, Geoscience, 2011, University of Nevada – Las Vegas

URL: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/1378

► This dissertation is composed of two manuscripts about the evolution of Mutnovsky Volcano in Kamchatka, Russia. Mutnovsky has been active for the past approximately… (more)

▼ This dissertation is composed of two manuscripts about the evolution of Mutnovsky Volcano in Kamchatka, Russia. Mutnovsky has been active for the past approximately 80,000 years, during which there was the formation and subsequent eruption of four major stratocones. These four eruptive centers, named Mutnovsky I, II, III, and IV from oldest to youngest, have a range of erupted product compositions from basalt to dacite. The first major goal of this project was to investigate the melt source for Mutnovsky. Whole rock trace element and Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic data were used to determine that the melt source was fluid flux melting of the mantle wedge with very little crustal or slab surface sediment-melt input. The second major goal of this project was to determine the cause of the compositional heterogeneity of erupted products at Mutnovsky. Whole rock geochemical modeling demonstrated that melts were generated both above and below the garnet/spinel transition at approximately 67 km depth in the mantle wedge. Different degrees of partial melting of these two mantle compositions, followed by fractional crystallization, was initially determined to be the cause of the range of compositions found at Mutnovsky. However, melt inclusion data collected later provided new insight into magmatic differentiation processes. Melt inclusion data have a much wider range of values for the major and trace elements than the whole rock data; whole rock compositions fall along mixing lines between the most and least evolved melt inclusion compositions. This observation, combined with mafic enclaves found in more felsic hosts in whole rock samples and a variety of types of zoning found in plagioclase, indicate that magma mixing is the major cause of the compositional heterogeneity at Mutnovsky. The third major goal of this study was to determine the structure of the preeruptive magma storage system for Mutnovsky. Two thermobarometers, orthopyroxene-liquid (Putirka, 2008) and clinopyroxene-liquid (Putirka et al., 2003), were used to determine the depths of pyroxene-melt equilibrium and thus the depths of magma stagnation. Both thermobarometers indicated that the depth of magma storage chambers was increasing with time, from Mutnovsky I to IV. Advisors/Committee Members: Adam Simon, Chair, Eugene Smith, Michael Wells, Jean Cline.

Subjects/Keywords: Geochemistry; Geology; Geomorphology; Volcanology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Robertson, K. L. (2011). Magma chamber processes at Mutnovsky Volcano, Russia. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Nevada – Las Vegas. Retrieved from https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/1378

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Robertson, Kelly L. “Magma chamber processes at Mutnovsky Volcano, Russia.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Nevada – Las Vegas. Accessed January 17, 2021. https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/1378.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Robertson, Kelly L. “Magma chamber processes at Mutnovsky Volcano, Russia.” 2011. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Robertson KL. Magma chamber processes at Mutnovsky Volcano, Russia. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Nevada – Las Vegas; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/1378.

Council of Science Editors:

Robertson KL. Magma chamber processes at Mutnovsky Volcano, Russia. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Nevada – Las Vegas; 2011. Available from: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/1378

University of Nevada – Las Vegas

22. Bennett, Kristeen Marie. Petrogenesis of Pleistocene Basalts in the Norris-Mammoth Corridor, Yellowstone National Park.

Degree: MSin Geoscience, Geoscience, 2006, University of Nevada – Las Vegas

URL: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/1119

► The basalts of the Norris-Mammoth corridor within the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field have an outcrop erupted volume of ~94 km³. Basalt in the Yellowstone… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Volcanology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bennett, K. M. (2006). Petrogenesis of Pleistocene Basalts in the Norris-Mammoth Corridor, Yellowstone National Park. (Masters Thesis). University of Nevada – Las Vegas. Retrieved from https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/1119

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bennett, Kristeen Marie. “Petrogenesis of Pleistocene Basalts in the Norris-Mammoth Corridor, Yellowstone National Park.” 2006. Masters Thesis, University of Nevada – Las Vegas. Accessed January 17, 2021. https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/1119.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bennett, Kristeen Marie. “Petrogenesis of Pleistocene Basalts in the Norris-Mammoth Corridor, Yellowstone National Park.” 2006. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Bennett KM. Petrogenesis of Pleistocene Basalts in the Norris-Mammoth Corridor, Yellowstone National Park. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Nevada – Las Vegas; 2006. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/1119.

Council of Science Editors:

Bennett KM. Petrogenesis of Pleistocene Basalts in the Norris-Mammoth Corridor, Yellowstone National Park. [Masters Thesis]. University of Nevada – Las Vegas; 2006. Available from: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/1119

University of Nevada – Las Vegas

23. Sanchez, Alexander. Mafic volcanism in the Colorado Plateau: basin and range transition zone, Hurricane, Utah.

Degree: MS, Geoscience, 1995, University of Nevada – Las Vegas

URL: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/1410

► The Hurricane volcanic field (HVF) is a small-volume (0.48 km³) mafic volcanic field in the Colorado Plateau/Basin & Range Transition Zone located in the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Volcanology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sanchez, A. (1995). Mafic volcanism in the Colorado Plateau: basin and range transition zone, Hurricane, Utah. (Masters Thesis). University of Nevada – Las Vegas. Retrieved from https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/1410

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sanchez, Alexander. “Mafic volcanism in the Colorado Plateau: basin and range transition zone, Hurricane, Utah.” 1995. Masters Thesis, University of Nevada – Las Vegas. Accessed January 17, 2021. https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/1410.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sanchez, Alexander. “Mafic volcanism in the Colorado Plateau: basin and range transition zone, Hurricane, Utah.” 1995. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Sanchez A. Mafic volcanism in the Colorado Plateau: basin and range transition zone, Hurricane, Utah. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Nevada – Las Vegas; 1995. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/1410.

Council of Science Editors:

Sanchez A. Mafic volcanism in the Colorado Plateau: basin and range transition zone, Hurricane, Utah. [Masters Thesis]. University of Nevada – Las Vegas; 1995. Available from: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/1410

Michigan Technological University

24. Alami, Daniele. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STATIC STRESS CHANGE AND VOLCANISM. HOW AND IF TECTONIC EARTHQUAKE COULD INFLUENCE VOLCANIC ACTIVITY. EXAMPLE OF EL REVENTADOR VOLCANO, ECUADOR.

Degree: MS, Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, 2014, Michigan Technological University

URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/770

Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Volcanology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Alami, D. (2014). RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STATIC STRESS CHANGE AND VOLCANISM. HOW AND IF TECTONIC EARTHQUAKE COULD INFLUENCE VOLCANIC ACTIVITY. EXAMPLE OF EL REVENTADOR VOLCANO, ECUADOR. (Masters Thesis). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/770

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Alami, Daniele. “RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STATIC STRESS CHANGE AND VOLCANISM. HOW AND IF TECTONIC EARTHQUAKE COULD INFLUENCE VOLCANIC ACTIVITY. EXAMPLE OF EL REVENTADOR VOLCANO, ECUADOR.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Michigan Technological University. Accessed January 17, 2021. https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/770.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Alami, Daniele. “RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STATIC STRESS CHANGE AND VOLCANISM. HOW AND IF TECTONIC EARTHQUAKE COULD INFLUENCE VOLCANIC ACTIVITY. EXAMPLE OF EL REVENTADOR VOLCANO, ECUADOR.” 2014. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Alami D. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STATIC STRESS CHANGE AND VOLCANISM. HOW AND IF TECTONIC EARTHQUAKE COULD INFLUENCE VOLCANIC ACTIVITY. EXAMPLE OF EL REVENTADOR VOLCANO, ECUADOR. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/770.

Council of Science Editors:

Alami D. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STATIC STRESS CHANGE AND VOLCANISM. HOW AND IF TECTONIC EARTHQUAKE COULD INFLUENCE VOLCANIC ACTIVITY. EXAMPLE OF EL REVENTADOR VOLCANO, ECUADOR. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2014. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/770

University of Manitoba

25. Kushner, David Skye. Mercury emissions from volcanic sources in Central America.

Degree: Environment and Geography, 2019, University of Manitoba

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/33787

► Volcanoes are recognized contributors of mercury (Hg) emissions to the atmosphere; however, the amount of Hg released globally from these natural sources remains poorly constrained.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Mercury; Contaminants; Costa Rica; Volcanology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kushner, D. S. (2019). Mercury emissions from volcanic sources in Central America. (Masters Thesis). University of Manitoba. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1993/33787

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kushner, David Skye. “Mercury emissions from volcanic sources in Central America.” 2019. Masters Thesis, University of Manitoba. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/33787.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kushner, David Skye. “Mercury emissions from volcanic sources in Central America.” 2019. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kushner DS. Mercury emissions from volcanic sources in Central America. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/33787.

Council of Science Editors:

Kushner DS. Mercury emissions from volcanic sources in Central America. [Masters Thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/33787

26. Gales, Ellen. Carbonatites as a record of the carbon isotope composition of large igneous province outgassing.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 2019, City University of New York

URL: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_etds_theses/796

► Large igneous province (LIP) eruptions have been linked in some cases to major perturbations of Earth’s carbon cycle. However, few observations directly constrain the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: carbonatite; LIP; δ13C; Geochemistry; Volcanology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gales, E. (2019). Carbonatites as a record of the carbon isotope composition of large igneous province outgassing. (Thesis). City University of New York. Retrieved from https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_etds_theses/796

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gales, Ellen. “Carbonatites as a record of the carbon isotope composition of large igneous province outgassing.” 2019. Thesis, City University of New York. Accessed January 17, 2021. https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_etds_theses/796.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gales, Ellen. “Carbonatites as a record of the carbon isotope composition of large igneous province outgassing.” 2019. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Gales E. Carbonatites as a record of the carbon isotope composition of large igneous province outgassing. [Internet] [Thesis]. City University of New York; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_etds_theses/796.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Gales E. Carbonatites as a record of the carbon isotope composition of large igneous province outgassing. [Thesis]. City University of New York; 2019. Available from: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_etds_theses/796

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Boise State University

27. Brand, Brittany Dawn. Stratigraphy and Origin of the Phreatomagmatic Deposits at Sinker Butte Volcano, Western Snake River Plains, Idaho.

Degree: 2004, Boise State University

URL: https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/405 ; http://boisestate.worldcat.org/oclc/60587794

► The products of basaltic hydrovolcanism (maars, tuff rings, tuff cones) are second only to scoria cones as the most abundant volcanic landforms on Earth (Cas… (more)

▼ The products of basaltic hydrovolcanism (maars, tuff rings, tuff cones) are second only to scoria cones as the most abundant volcanic landforms on Earth (Cas and Wright, 1988, p.376). However, the origin of these deposits remains poorly understood. This project integrates both volcanology and sedimentology to study Sinker Butte, an erosional remnant of a very large basaltic tuff cone located at the southern edge of the western Snake River Plain. Subaerial and subaqueous deposits from this center are well exposed on both sides of the Snake River Canyon, creating an unusual opportunity to study the entire eruptive sequence. The deposits at Sinker Butte were studied by measuring 23 detailed stratigraphic sections from 20 to 100 m thick proximal to distal from the vent. Prior to the eruption the bottom of Lake Idaho was fairly uniform and flat with small topographic highs in the northern areas, and had a depth of ~15-20 m. The lake gradually deepened to the south to a depth of ~60-70m. The magma once in contact with the lake water fragmented, causing violent explosions through the lake bed. Explosive pulses dominated this eruption, with each explosion ejecting more material out of the vent. This material included gas, liquid water, accidental clasts, and small juvenile cinders. This created a broad, asymmetrical platform of tuff that began growing around the vent towards the surface of the lake. The lowest units are generally massive, poorly sorted deposits. As the platform grew towards the surface of the lake the deposits grade into better sorted sediments with large scale cross-stratification. The primary depositional mechanism at this time was subaqueous density flows. The transition from the subaqueous to subaerial deposits is marked by an abrupt sharp contact into well-bedded palagonite and accretionary lapilli tuffs. The planar, laterally continuous beds suggest deposition by airfall. Present proximal to the vent are large regressive cross-strata, which suggest deposition by wet base surges. Sections intermediate and distal from the crater rim contain well-bedded tuffs with interbeds of fine cross-stratification. However, the cross-strata further from the vent tend to have smaller wavelengths and wave heights. This suggests co-emplacement of airfall and deflating base surges. The deposits intermediate to distal from the vent grade into layers consisting of 75-95% juvenile clasts. This indicates that the magma/water ratio was decreasing and the eruption drying out. Overlying the "dryer" units are massive tuff breccias that introduce new accidental clasts of rounded river gravels. The introduction of new accidental clasts suggests that the volcano was coring downward deeper into the stratigraphy. The massive deposits indicate a renewed source of external water and; hence, a ''wetter'' phase of the eruption. As the eruption continued the deposits graded back up into wet airfall tuff, then again into dryer airfall deposits. Finally the volcano effectively sealed itself off from external water, producing a magmatic cap…

Subjects/Keywords: Sedimentology; Volcanology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Brand, B. D. (2004). Stratigraphy and Origin of the Phreatomagmatic Deposits at Sinker Butte Volcano, Western Snake River Plains, Idaho. (Thesis). Boise State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/405 ; http://boisestate.worldcat.org/oclc/60587794

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brand, Brittany Dawn. “Stratigraphy and Origin of the Phreatomagmatic Deposits at Sinker Butte Volcano, Western Snake River Plains, Idaho.” 2004. Thesis, Boise State University. Accessed January 17, 2021. https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/405 ; http://boisestate.worldcat.org/oclc/60587794.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brand, Brittany Dawn. “Stratigraphy and Origin of the Phreatomagmatic Deposits at Sinker Butte Volcano, Western Snake River Plains, Idaho.” 2004. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Brand BD. Stratigraphy and Origin of the Phreatomagmatic Deposits at Sinker Butte Volcano, Western Snake River Plains, Idaho. [Internet] [Thesis]. Boise State University; 2004. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/405 ; http://boisestate.worldcat.org/oclc/60587794.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Brand BD. Stratigraphy and Origin of the Phreatomagmatic Deposits at Sinker Butte Volcano, Western Snake River Plains, Idaho. [Thesis]. Boise State University; 2004. Available from: https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/405 ; http://boisestate.worldcat.org/oclc/60587794

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Boise State University

28. Cook, Geoffrey William. Geology and Geochemistry of Volcanic Rocks of the Menagerie Wilderness, Western Cascades, Oregon.

Degree: 2002, Boise State University

URL: https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/411 ; http://boisestate.worldcat.org/oclc/50241156

► The early magmatic history of the Cascade Arc is recorded in the Oligocene and early Miocene volcanics of the Western Cascade province. These rocks consist… (more)

▼ The early magmatic history of the Cascade Arc is recorded in the Oligocene and early Miocene volcanics of the Western Cascade province. These rocks consist chiefly of silicic tuffs, tholeiitic basalts and basaltic andesites. This study focuses on a suite of volcanics exposed within the Menagerie Wilderness, east of Sweet Home, Oregon and immediately north of the Middle Santiam River. There, three main rhyolite centers have been identified that are overlain in part by High Cascade mafic volcanics. The study area is on the northern edge of a series of rhyolite exposures that define a rough circle approximately 15 km in diameter, and which may represent an eroded caldera complex. Silicic lavas in the Menagerie area range in composition from medium K rhyolite to trachydacite (high K) and dacite (low K). The three silicic centers were distinguished mainly through petrographic characteristics. Phenocryst assemblages include plagioclase-hornblende-magnetite (Rooster Rock rhyolite), plagioclase-quartz-magnetite (Soda Fork rhyolite) and quartz-plagioclase-biotite-hornblende-magnetite (Moose Mountain rhyolite). The silicic rocks related to the three domes in the study area are similar in terms of mineral content and overall chemical composition. Despite this, it is very unlikely that the rhyolites are closely related to one another in a petrologic sense. Rather, the field units appear to be separate magmatic pulses that are unrelated by any simple petrologic process. It is likely, however, that the rocks underwent similar petrogenetic processes separately from one another. Based on trace element and REE chemistry it appears that no single process of magmatic differentiation can account for the rhyolites. Chondrite normalized REE plots have moderate Eu anomalies and flat MREE-HREE patterns, consistent with fractionation of plagioclase and hornblende. Comparisons to other silicic centers show that the Menagerie rocks share affinities with High Cascade rocks that have been derived through fractionation of a mafic parent. However, variations in excluded trace element ratios suggest that some component of partial melting may have occurred. The most plausible scenario based on the available data suggests that some combination of FC and partial melting may have played a role in the differentiation of unidentified mafic magmas to create the Menagerie rhyolites.

Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Volcanology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cook, G. W. (2002). Geology and Geochemistry of Volcanic Rocks of the Menagerie Wilderness, Western Cascades, Oregon. (Thesis). Boise State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/411 ; http://boisestate.worldcat.org/oclc/50241156

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cook, Geoffrey William. “Geology and Geochemistry of Volcanic Rocks of the Menagerie Wilderness, Western Cascades, Oregon.” 2002. Thesis, Boise State University. Accessed January 17, 2021. https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/411 ; http://boisestate.worldcat.org/oclc/50241156.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cook, Geoffrey William. “Geology and Geochemistry of Volcanic Rocks of the Menagerie Wilderness, Western Cascades, Oregon.” 2002. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Cook GW. Geology and Geochemistry of Volcanic Rocks of the Menagerie Wilderness, Western Cascades, Oregon. [Internet] [Thesis]. Boise State University; 2002. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/411 ; http://boisestate.worldcat.org/oclc/50241156.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cook GW. Geology and Geochemistry of Volcanic Rocks of the Menagerie Wilderness, Western Cascades, Oregon. [Thesis]. Boise State University; 2002. Available from: https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/411 ; http://boisestate.worldcat.org/oclc/50241156

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Boise State University

29. Kurz, Kimberly R. Emplacement and Compositional Variations of the Dikes at Sinker Butte Volcano, Western Snake River Plain, Idaho.

Degree: 2007, Boise State University

URL: https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/419 ; http://boisestate.worldcat.org/oclc/191748526

► Understanding the evolution of shallow magma plumbing systems at short-lived, basaltic volcanoes such as Sinker Butte, in the western Snake River Plain of Idaho, gives… (more)

▼ Understanding the evolution of shallow magma plumbing systems at short-lived, basaltic volcanoes such as Sinker Butte, in the western Snake River Plain of Idaho, gives insight into the potential behavior and hazards at current and future volcanic centers. Its extensive outcrops are conducive to examining how the lava flows and tephra units shaped the magma plumbing system of the volcano. Fifteen dikes and several additional intrusive sheets are exposed around the eastern and southern sides of Sinker Butte. Twelve of the dikes are oriented in a radial pattern around the capping mesa that is interpreted to have been a lava lake within the tuff cone's crater. This pattern is indicative of outward extrusion from one or more central magma chambers. The dikes are exposed for up to 450 m along strike and are between 28 and 133 cm in width. All of the dikes and lava flows at Sinker Butte are tholeiitic and contain phenocrysts of plagioclase and olivine. The asymmetrical patterns of a few suggest that they had enough time to solidify before another magma pulse intruded. Most of the dikes have symmetrical patterns of vesicles and phenocrysts across their widths, indicative of a single continuous magma pulse. Greater quantities of phenocrysts in the dike interiors suggest the grains were concentrated by flow differentiation. Chemical differences in the dikes mostly result from the modal percentages of phenocrysts in a sample. Samples with more phenocrysts contain more of the elements included in plagioclase and olivine. Subsequently, specimens with higher total phenocryst contents have lower concentrations of elements excluded from both minerals. The magma that formed dikes J, M, and N has a different magmatic history than that of the other dikes, because they have unique excluded trace element ratios. These dikes are also distinguished from the others by geographic region and relation to sills. Dikes J, M, and N do not continue stratigraphically below the sills they merge with indicating that either the dikes fed the sills or visa-versa. The preferred intrusion hypothesis for the remaining radial dikes is based on flow directions derived by anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility analyses. Flow directions within the dikes indicate sources at various depths beneath the lava lake at the summit of the volcano. It is assumed that the lava lake existed prior to dike propagation and had crystallized to the point that magma could no longer be extruded. Mounting pressure caused fractures to radiate from several places along the vertical central magma conduit that had fed the lava lake, filling with magma. As dike propagation continued, the tops of the dikes eventually reached the surface causing flank eruptions and the bench lava flows. The breakout point at the distal end of Dike D was likely formed in this manner. Once the source of the magma was tapped, gravity would have caused the final flow directions within the dikes to tilt downward, especially in the sections directly beneath the lava flows. This is confirmed by the steep…

Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Volcanology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kurz, K. R. (2007). Emplacement and Compositional Variations of the Dikes at Sinker Butte Volcano, Western Snake River Plain, Idaho. (Thesis). Boise State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/419 ; http://boisestate.worldcat.org/oclc/191748526

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kurz, Kimberly R. “Emplacement and Compositional Variations of the Dikes at Sinker Butte Volcano, Western Snake River Plain, Idaho.” 2007. Thesis, Boise State University. Accessed January 17, 2021. https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/419 ; http://boisestate.worldcat.org/oclc/191748526.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kurz, Kimberly R. “Emplacement and Compositional Variations of the Dikes at Sinker Butte Volcano, Western Snake River Plain, Idaho.” 2007. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kurz KR. Emplacement and Compositional Variations of the Dikes at Sinker Butte Volcano, Western Snake River Plain, Idaho. [Internet] [Thesis]. Boise State University; 2007. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/419 ; http://boisestate.worldcat.org/oclc/191748526.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kurz KR. Emplacement and Compositional Variations of the Dikes at Sinker Butte Volcano, Western Snake River Plain, Idaho. [Thesis]. Boise State University; 2007. Available from: https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/419 ; http://boisestate.worldcat.org/oclc/191748526

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Georgia Tech

30. Telling, Jennifer Whitney. Microphysical processes of volcanic ash aggregation and their implications for volcanic eruption dynamics.

Degree: PhD, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 2013, Georgia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52925

► Although numerous hazard models exist to assess possible ash fallout from explosive volcanic eruptions around the world, these models frequently neglect to consider ash aggregation… (more)

▼ Although numerous hazard models exist to assess possible ash fallout from explosive volcanic eruptions around the world, these models frequently neglect to consider ash aggregation or use a simple percent proxy to represent aggregation, without considering the varying processes at work throughout the volcanic flow. Eruption dynamics are sensitive to ash aggregation, and ash aggregates are commonly found in eruptive deposits, yet few experiments have been conducted on aggregation phenomena using natural materials. In this work, experiments were developed to produce both probabilistic and process-based relationships for the efficiency of ash aggregation with respect particle size, collision kinetic energy, atmospheric water vapor and residence time. A synthetic ash proxy, ballotini, and ash from the 2006 eruption of Tungurahua, Ecuador, and the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, WA, were examined for their aggregation potential. Two aggregation regimes, wet and dry, were identified based on their potential for aggregation. The wet flow regime occurs when particles are circulated in high relative humidity environments long enough to develop a water layer with a thickness that exceeds the particle roughness scale. Hydrodynamic forces control aggregation in the wet flow regime. The dry flow regime includes particles in low relative humidity environments as well as those that circulate too briefly in high humidity environments to fully develop a water layer. Electrostatic forces control aggregation in the dry flow regime. Aggregation efficiency in both regimes was dominantly controlled by collision kinetic energy; however, this effect is significantly dampened in the wet flow regime. Equations governing the relationships between aggregation efficiency, collision kinetic energy and the related forcings in the wet or dry flow regimes have been developed for implementation into large-scale numerical volcanic models. The results of this experimental work have been developed into a probability distribution that has been integrated and incorporated into a multifluid numerical model. The numerical simulation was tested on a range of explosive depths and overpressure estimates from the 1790 eruption of Kilauea volcano, HI. The model output was compared to field data collected on the deposit thickness moving away from the source and the distribution, including both size and density, of aggregates. The mass fraction of ash removed from the eruption column in the form of aggregates was also calculated to examine how efficiently aggregation processes remove ash throughout the eruption. Cumulatively, the work presented here furthers our understanding of aggregation processes and the role they play in volcanic eruptions. Advisors/Committee Members: Dufek, Josef (advisor), Newman, Andrew (committee member), Nenes, Athanasios (committee member), Wray, James (committee member), Huber, Christian (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Volcanology; Aggregation; Ash; Experiments

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Telling, J. W. (2013). Microphysical processes of volcanic ash aggregation and their implications for volcanic eruption dynamics. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52925

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Telling, Jennifer Whitney. “Microphysical processes of volcanic ash aggregation and their implications for volcanic eruption dynamics.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52925.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Telling, Jennifer Whitney. “Microphysical processes of volcanic ash aggregation and their implications for volcanic eruption dynamics.” 2013. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Telling JW. Microphysical processes of volcanic ash aggregation and their implications for volcanic eruption dynamics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52925.

Council of Science Editors:

Telling JW. Microphysical processes of volcanic ash aggregation and their implications for volcanic eruption dynamics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52925

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