subject:(Vegetable Oil Biofuels Spray Structure)

Indian Institute of Science

1. Deshmukh, Devendra. Studies On Automization And Sprays Of Plant Oil Biofuels Using Laser-Based Diagnostics.

Degree: PhD, Faculty of Engineering, 2014, Indian Institute of Science

URL: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2419

► Atomization characteristics of liquid fuel sprays control combustion efficiency and emissions in engines. The present work is motivated by the need to study the atomization… (more)

▼ Atomization characteristics of liquid fuel sprays control combustion efficiency and emissions in engines. The present work is motivated by the need to study the atomization and spray structure of vegetable oil biofuels for which no data in the literature exists. In this work, various laser-based diagnostic techniques such as laser shadowgraphy, Particle/Droplet Image Analysis (PDIA) and Laser Sheet Dropsizing (LSD) are applied for studying atomization characteristics, tip penetration, droplet size and liquid volume fraction of Pongamia vegetable oil (SVO) and its blends with diesel. A constant volume high pressure spray visualization chamber is designed and fabricated to study SVO sprays at high gas pressure and temperature conditions. This optical chamber can be used for gas pressures up to 60 bar and temperatures up to 600 K. Optical access inside the chamber is provided through four quartz windows to perform various optical spray diagnostic studies. A high pressure spray injection facility based on components of common rail diesel injection system is designed. This facility can provide an injection pressure of up to 1700 bar with independent control over injection duration and timing. A marked difference is observed between diesel and SVO spray structures under atmospheric gas pressure condition. A very interesting observation related to the behavior of 100% SVO fuel when sprayed into atmospheric pressure is the presence of an intact liquid core even at injection pressure as high as 1600 bar. The presence of liquid core at high injection pressures is attributed to the high viscosity of SVOs and the non-Newtonian behavior of these oils under high pressure and shear. The spray characterization of the oil and its blends at high gas pressure shows that although the atomization is dramatically different from that at atmospheric gas pressure, it is still incomplete even at very high injection pressures. For a gas pressure of 30 bar, it is observed that the Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) for Pongamia oil is more than twice that of diesel. A new method of simultaneously obtaining two-dimensional droplet size and quantitative liquid volume fraction data in sprays has been developed. Measurements with this method reveal a higher liquid volume fraction at the central axis of spray for Pongamia oil compared to that of diesel indicating potentially poor air-fuel mixing. The experimental data obtained and the spray tip penetration correlations developed for the vegetable oils and blends serve as useful inputs for fuel injection and engine system designers. Advisors/Committee Members: Ravikrishna, R V (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Liquid Fuel Sprays; Combustion Efficiency; Laser-based Diagnostics; Vegetable Oil Biofuels - Spray Atomization; Vegetable Oil Biofuels - Spray Structure; Plant Oil Biofuels; High Pressure Spray Visualization Chamber; Straight Vegetable Oil Sprays; Biofuels; Heat Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Deshmukh, D. (2014). Studies On Automization And Sprays Of Plant Oil Biofuels Using Laser-Based Diagnostics. (Doctoral Dissertation). Indian Institute of Science. Retrieved from http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2419

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Deshmukh, Devendra. “Studies On Automization And Sprays Of Plant Oil Biofuels Using Laser-Based Diagnostics.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Indian Institute of Science. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2419.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Deshmukh, Devendra. “Studies On Automization And Sprays Of Plant Oil Biofuels Using Laser-Based Diagnostics.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Deshmukh D. Studies On Automization And Sprays Of Plant Oil Biofuels Using Laser-Based Diagnostics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Indian Institute of Science; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2419.

Council of Science Editors:

Deshmukh D. Studies On Automization And Sprays Of Plant Oil Biofuels Using Laser-Based Diagnostics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Indian Institute of Science; 2014. Available from: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2419

Universidade Federal de Viçosa

2. Gerson Haruo Inoue. Vegetable oil use in stationary engine of diesel cycle.

Degree: 2008, Universidade Federal de Viçosa

URL: http://www.tede.ufv.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1841

►

Em termos de biocombustíveis líquidos, as questões relacionadas ao álcool estão em um patamar desenvolvido com a criação de uma cadeia produtiva em que todos… (more)

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Em termos de biocombustíveis líquidos, as questões relacionadas ao álcool estão em um patamar desenvolvido com a criação de uma cadeia produtiva em que todos os processos estão tecnologicamente resolvidos desde a produção da cana-de-açúcar até o consumo do álcool com o desenvolvimento dos carros multicombustíveis. Quanto à utilização dos óleos vegetais, algumas barreiras deverão ser vencidas, principalmente em comunidades isoladas, com ocorrência de oleaginosas, porém, com dificuldades na produção do biodiesel, devido aos custos ou à logística para o transporte dos produtos utilizados para o processo de transesterificação. Assim, a utilização do óleo vegetal in natura em motores diesel se torna importante fonte de energia e requer a utilização de técnicas e adaptações para o bom desempenho do motor, entre elas o aquecimento para redução da viscosidade e a alternância de combustível para promover a lavagem das tubulações de alimentação com óleo diesel. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a viabilidade do uso do óleo vegetal na forma in natura em motores diesel de baixa potência. Primeiramente foi realizado um estudo para verificar o efeito da temperatura na redução da viscosidade e desenvolver um sistema de aquecimento do combustível de baixo custo. Após o desenvolvimento do aquecedor, verificou- se por meio de ensaios dinamométricos, o desempenho do motor alimentado com misturas de óleo vegetal e óleo diesel em diferentes proporções e temperaturas de injeção. Por último, o motor foi avaliado em condições de trabalho, na geração de energia elétrica em um grupo gerador, operando por períodos de até 300 horas. Ao final, foram verificadas as medidas dos componentes do motor e os resíduos na câmara de combustão. As principais conclusões deste trabalho foram: os óleos brutos de Girassol. Milho e Soja alcançam à viscosidade do óleo diesel quando aquecidos as temperaturas acima de 160 C; o sistema de aquecimento foi eficiente para aquecer e manter a temperatura exigida; a temperatura de injeção e as proporções de óleo vegetal no combustível não influenciaram no regime de trabalho, na potência nominal e no torque; ocorreu aumento do consumo específico com o aumento da proporção de óleo vegetal no combustível; não ocorreu formação de resíduos nas proporções de até 50% de óleo vegetal que justificasse a descarbonização da câmara de combustão; e o custo de produção de energia elétrica aumentou em 4,66% com a utilização de Óleo Degomado de Soja na proporção de 50%, em relação ao óleo diesel.

In terms of liquid biofuels, the questions related to alcohol are in a developed level with the creation of a productive chain where all the processes are technologically decided since the production of the sugar cane until the alcohol consumption with the development of the multifuel cars. As for the use of vegetable oils, some barriers must be overcome, mainly in isolated communities, with occurrence of oil plant, however, with difficulties in the production of biodiesel, due to the costs or the logistic one for the transport of the…

Advisors/Committee Members: Ronaldo Perez, Adílio Flauzino de Lacerda Filho, Nerilson Terra Santos, Ricardo Capúcio de Resende, Gastão Moraes da Silveira, Haroldo Carlos Fernandes, Mauri Martins Teixeira, Luciano Baião Vieira.

Subjects/Keywords: MECANIZACAO AGRICOLA; Biocombustível; Óleo vegetal; Motor diesel; Biofuels; Vegetable oil; Diesel motor

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Inoue, G. H. (2008). Vegetable oil use in stationary engine of diesel cycle. (Thesis). Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Retrieved from http://www.tede.ufv.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1841

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Inoue, Gerson Haruo. “Vegetable oil use in stationary engine of diesel cycle.” 2008. Thesis, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://www.tede.ufv.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1841.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Inoue, Gerson Haruo. “Vegetable oil use in stationary engine of diesel cycle.” 2008. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Inoue GH. Vegetable oil use in stationary engine of diesel cycle. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade Federal de Viçosa; 2008. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://www.tede.ufv.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1841.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Inoue GH. Vegetable oil use in stationary engine of diesel cycle. [Thesis]. Universidade Federal de Viçosa; 2008. Available from: http://www.tede.ufv.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1841

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul

3. Perera, Solimar Carra. Estudo das características macroestruturais de sprays de óleo vegetal de soja obtidos de um atomizador de diesel.

Degree: 2015, Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/139456

►

O emprego de óleos vegetais como combustível em motores ciclo diesel tem se demonstrado viável após diversos estudos de desempenho já desenvolvidos em diversos motores… (more)

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O emprego de óleos vegetais como combustível em motores ciclo diesel tem se demonstrado viável após diversos estudos de desempenho já desenvolvidos em diversos motores e configurações, porém apresentando algumas restrições quanto ao seu uso contínuo, dentre as quais se destacam a ocorrência de quebras do motor devido ao excesso de carbonização no cabeçote. No Brasil, a abundância de óleos de origem vegetal constitui um incentivo para a realização de estudos visando ao aproveitamento desses combustíveis alternativos, neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta um estudo das características macroestruturais da formação de sprays de óleo vegetal de soja in natura em um atomizador utilizado em motores diesel em condições de pressão semelhantes às de um motor. Para isso foi montada uma bancada que é constituída de uma câmara pressurizada projetada e fabricada para simular as mesmas condições de massa específica do ar obtidas dentro da câmara de combustão do motor ciclo diesel no instante do início da injeção do combustível. Também é dotada de um sistema de injeção de combustível projetado para que as pressões de funcionamento do conjunto porta injetor mecânico utilizado fosse atingido. O registro da formação do spray é realizado por meio de uma câmara de alta velocidade e alta taxa de aquisição de imagens, como o qual é possível avaliar o comportamento dos jatos de óleo de soja e óleo diesel quanto a distância de quebra, penetração da ponta, velocidade e ângulo de abertura de spray. Das propriedades físico-químicas do óleo vegetal de soja, a que mais se destaca com relação às propriedades do óleo diesel é a viscosidade, que para os líquidos utilizados nesse trabalho foi verificado que é aproximadamente 15 vezes maior que a viscosidade do óleo diesel. Essa grande diferença nas mesmas condições de temperatura produziram resultados de atomização bem distinta entre os líquidos e verifica-se a necessidade de modificação de mais parâmetros do que somente a densidade do gás para que a atomização seja mais próxima do óleo diesel e o óleo vegetal in natura possa ser utilizado nos motores, pois os regimes de atomização observados condizem com o previsto considerando as propriedades dos dois óleos nas condições testadas.

The use of vegetable oils as fuel in diesel engines has proven to be viable after several performance studies already developed in several engines and settings, but presenting some restrictions on its continued use, among which stand out the occurrence of engine failures due to over-charred on the head. In Brazil, plenty of vegetable oils is an incentive to carry out studies for the use of these alternative fuels, in this context, this work presents a study of macro-structural characteristics of the formation of vegetable oil sprays soy in kind in an atomizer used in diesel engines into pressure conditions similar to those of an engine. To this it was mounted on a stand which consists of a pressure chamber designed and manufactured to simulate the same conditions of air density obtained within the combustion chamber…

Advisors/Committee Members: Hayashi, Thamy Cristina.

Subjects/Keywords: Combustion; Óleos vegetais; Motor diesel; Diesel engine; Soja; Spray characteristic; Combustão; Soy bean vegetable oil

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Perera, S. C. (2015). Estudo das características macroestruturais de sprays de óleo vegetal de soja obtidos de um atomizador de diesel. (Thesis). Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10183/139456

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Perera, Solimar Carra. “Estudo das características macroestruturais de sprays de óleo vegetal de soja obtidos de um atomizador de diesel.” 2015. Thesis, Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/139456.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Perera, Solimar Carra. “Estudo das características macroestruturais de sprays de óleo vegetal de soja obtidos de um atomizador de diesel.” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Perera SC. Estudo das características macroestruturais de sprays de óleo vegetal de soja obtidos de um atomizador de diesel. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/139456.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Perera SC. Estudo das características macroestruturais de sprays de óleo vegetal de soja obtidos de um atomizador de diesel. [Thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/139456

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Limerick

4. Melligan, Fergus J. Pyrolysis of biomass and biorefinery residual materials for production of advanced biofuels.

Degree: 2012, University of Limerick

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10344/2841

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peer-reviewed

The work carried out throughout this project has helped to further advance the area of biomass pyrolysis for the production of bio-oil. During the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: biofuels; bio-oil; hydropyrolysis

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Melligan, F. J. (2012). Pyrolysis of biomass and biorefinery residual materials for production of advanced biofuels. (Thesis). University of Limerick. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10344/2841

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Melligan, Fergus J. “Pyrolysis of biomass and biorefinery residual materials for production of advanced biofuels.” 2012. Thesis, University of Limerick. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10344/2841.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Melligan, Fergus J. “Pyrolysis of biomass and biorefinery residual materials for production of advanced biofuels.” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Melligan FJ. Pyrolysis of biomass and biorefinery residual materials for production of advanced biofuels. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Limerick; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10344/2841.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Melligan FJ. Pyrolysis of biomass and biorefinery residual materials for production of advanced biofuels. [Thesis]. University of Limerick; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10344/2841

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Delft University of Technology

5. Panagopoulos, Christos (author). Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of Laminar Ethanol Spray Flames for the creation of a Spray Flamelet Library.

Degree: 2017, Delft University of Technology

URL: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:02a8fd3c-486a-41c7-80b7-b7161247a2f7

► Combustion of fuels appears in many sets of equipment and applications that involve transformation of a primary not useful form of energy into a secondary… (more)

▼ Combustion of fuels appears in many sets of equipment and applications that involve transformation of a primary not useful form of energy into a secondary usable one that can be employed for purposes of electricity generation, transportation and industrial thermochemical processes. Strict environmental regulations demand for the reduction of the pollutants emissions (e.g. NO_x CO₂, CO, SO₂, etc.) that are responsible for the global warming of the planet and the formation of acid rain and smog. Since renewable energy sources cannot replace the use of fossil fuels in the foreseeable future alternative ways have to be investigated. Combustion of biofuels such as liquid ethanol, a well known and widely used alcohol, under MILD (Moderate or Intense Low-oxygen Dilution) conditions is a scenario on that direction. From the one hand, combustion of biofuels offers sustainability and lower greenhouse gas emissions and from the other, MILD conditions offer more uniform and lower peak temperature profiles reducing so the nitrogen oxides emissions and increasing the lifetime of the combustion chamber. However, modeling of ethanol spray turbulent combustion is a complicated problem since it involves many different phenomena that are coupled between each other including the injection of the spray, the atomization into droplets and the dispersion in the domain, the turbulence of the gaseous flow, the mass, momentum and energy exchange between the two phases and finally the combustion. The closure of the unresolved chemical source terms in the numerical analysis of such a problem is a challenge and the Flamelet Generated Manifolds (FGM) method appears as a perspective approach to deal with it. This method approximates the turbulent flame as an ensemble of laminar, thin, one dimensional, counterflow flames the so-called flamelets. In that way the chemical reactions can be decoupled from the turbulence field and be calculated separately. The results are stored in look-up tables that are retrieved during the turbulence simulation with the use of connecting variables. Not having found a way so far to relate a spray flamelet look-up table with the turbulence flow many researchers create a gaseous flamelet table instead ignoring the spray and evaporation effects in it. As it has been reported this omittance can possibly lead to over-prediction of the temperature and important species profiles in the modeling of the turbulent flame. In this study, both a gaseous and spray ethanol flamelet library are created so that a direct comparison between the two can be done. The interference of spray influences the structure of the flame making it deviate significantly from the gaseous flamelets. The results show that not only the strain rate (as for the case of the gaseous flamelets), but also the equivalence ratio implied in the fuel side and the initial droplets’ diameter influence the flame structure of the spray flamelets. A non-slip velocity between the droplets and the carrier gas is kept as a boundary condition for all the cases.… Advisors/Committee Members: Roekaerts, Dirk (mentor), Ma, Likun (mentor), Delft University of Technology (degree granting institution).

Subjects/Keywords: Spray Combustion; Laminar Flamelets; MILD; Biofuels

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Panagopoulos, C. (. (2017). Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of Laminar Ethanol Spray Flames for the creation of a Spray Flamelet Library. (Masters Thesis). Delft University of Technology. Retrieved from http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:02a8fd3c-486a-41c7-80b7-b7161247a2f7

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Panagopoulos, Christos (author). “Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of Laminar Ethanol Spray Flames for the creation of a Spray Flamelet Library.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Delft University of Technology. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:02a8fd3c-486a-41c7-80b7-b7161247a2f7.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Panagopoulos, Christos (author). “Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of Laminar Ethanol Spray Flames for the creation of a Spray Flamelet Library.” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Panagopoulos C(. Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of Laminar Ethanol Spray Flames for the creation of a Spray Flamelet Library. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:02a8fd3c-486a-41c7-80b7-b7161247a2f7.

Council of Science Editors:

Panagopoulos C(. Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of Laminar Ethanol Spray Flames for the creation of a Spray Flamelet Library. [Masters Thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2017. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:02a8fd3c-486a-41c7-80b7-b7161247a2f7

6. Amit Sarin. Study of metallic and organic contaminants on biodiesel stability and physic chemical properties; -.

Degree: Physics, 2011, Punjab Technical University

URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/8809

►

India, like most of the developing countries of the world, despite its potential agricultural resources, is still highly dependent on imported crude oil for energy… (more)

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India, like most of the developing countries of the world, despite its potential agricultural resources, is still highly dependent on imported crude oil for energy production. With its growing population, India s present demand for the energy is 3.5% of world s energy demand and is expected to grow at the rate of 4.8% per annum. As the demand of crude oil has increased dramatically and thus, country s cost for the import of crude oil has increased substantially. Diesel fuels play an important role in the industrial economy of a country. These fuels run a major part of the transport sector and their consumption is increasing steadily. The intensity of fuel consumption is directly proportional to a society s development. Diesel fuels, in India are used in heavy trucks, city transport buses, locomotives, electric generators, farm equipments, underground mine equipments, etc. Today, more and more developing countries are prospering through economic reforms and are becoming industrially advanced. newlineBut, the use of fossil fuels is one of the major sources of world wide environmental pollution, the green house effect and acidification of both soil and water. The high energy demand in the industrialized world and pollution problems caused due to widespread use of fossil fuels make it necessary to develop the renewable energy sources of limitless duration and smaller environmental impact than the traditional one. Mainstream forms of renewable energy include wind power, hydropower, solar energy, biomass, and biofuels. Airflows can be used to run wind turbines. Modern wind turbines range from around 600 kW to 5 MW of rated power, although turbines with rated output of 1.5 3 MW have become the most common for commercial use. Energy in water can be harnessed and used. Solar energy is the energy derived from the sun through the form of solar radiation. Solar powered electrical generation relies on photovoltaics and heat engines.

References p.131-148

Advisors/Committee Members: Singh, N P, Malhotra, R K.

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Vegetable oil; Dilution (Blending)

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sarin, A. (2011). Study of metallic and organic contaminants on biodiesel stability and physic chemical properties; -. (Thesis). Punjab Technical University. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/8809

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sarin, Amit. “Study of metallic and organic contaminants on biodiesel stability and physic chemical properties; -.” 2011. Thesis, Punjab Technical University. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/8809.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sarin, Amit. “Study of metallic and organic contaminants on biodiesel stability and physic chemical properties; -.” 2011. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Sarin A. Study of metallic and organic contaminants on biodiesel stability and physic chemical properties; -. [Internet] [Thesis]. Punjab Technical University; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/8809.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sarin A. Study of metallic and organic contaminants on biodiesel stability and physic chemical properties; -. [Thesis]. Punjab Technical University; 2011. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/8809

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Texas A&M University

7. Nam, Hyungseok. An Experimental Investigation of Microexplosion in Emulsified Vegetable-Methanol Blend.

Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-10746

► Vegetable oil is one of the most widely available renewable sources of energy that can be used to meet the world’s demands. Many vegetable oils… (more)

▼ Vegetable oil is one of the most widely available renewable sources of energy that can be used to meet the world’s demands. Many vegetable oils also have the advantage of containing little to no detectable amounts of nitrogen. Recently, research studies have revealed that when two liquids with different vapor pressure values are formed into droplet-like emulsions, a micro-explosion effect can happen under specific environmental conditions. Understanding the micro-explosion phenomena can help increase the efficiency of bio-emulsion combustion as well as reduce pollution levels. Many researchers have conducted experiments to find the optimal condition that induces microexplosion effects. Microexplosion is also associated with the formation of shock waves characteristic of explosions at larger scales. However, little is known about how emulsion composition and droplet size affect the micro-explosion process. Through this research, methanol-in-vegetable oil emulsion has been studied from the microexplosion point of view using custom made electric furnace equipment with a high speed camera system and an acoustic sensor system. The main goal of this study is to understand the effect of emulsion compositions, chamber temperatures, and droplet sizes on the characteristics of microexplosion. First, an n-hexadecane-in-water emulsion was prepared to validate the performance of the custom-made experimental apparatus using previous published data. Methanol-in-canola oil emulsions with different compositions were also prepared and used to compare the micro-explosion phenomena with water as a volatile compound. Microexplosion events of the blended fuels were captured using a high speed camera and an acoustic sensor. The wave signals generated by the microexplosion were analyzed after converting the signals using a Fast Fourier Transform coded in Matlab. One of the major findings of this research work was that higher temperatures and higher concentrations of high vapor pressure fluids such as methanol and water in emulsions causes a high probability of microexplosion event due to the sudden expansion of the emulsified fluid. Also, the effect of size on microexplosion was evident in the greater probability of explosion. Methanol-in-canola oil emulsion with 15 % methanol with droplets size of 200 m placed in a furnace chamber heated to 980 ˚C showed optimal microexplosion behavior based on the formation of fine droplets. Also, smaller droplets produced higher frequencies, which could be used to detect microexplosion without high speed imaging. When large droplets microexploded, lower frequencies were detected in all the blends. Advisors/Committee Members: Alvarado, Jorge L. (advisor), Annamalai, Kalyan (committee member), Capareda, Sergio (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Vegetable oil; canola oil; microexplosion; acoustic emission

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Nam, H. (2012). An Experimental Investigation of Microexplosion in Emulsified Vegetable-Methanol Blend. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-10746

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nam, Hyungseok. “An Experimental Investigation of Microexplosion in Emulsified Vegetable-Methanol Blend.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-10746.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nam, Hyungseok. “An Experimental Investigation of Microexplosion in Emulsified Vegetable-Methanol Blend.” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Nam H. An Experimental Investigation of Microexplosion in Emulsified Vegetable-Methanol Blend. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-10746.

Council of Science Editors:

Nam H. An Experimental Investigation of Microexplosion in Emulsified Vegetable-Methanol Blend. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-10746

University of Minnesota

8. Stolp, Lucas. Development Of Biobased Plasticizers From Vegetable Oils For Poly(Vinyl Chloride), PVC.

Degree: MS, Bioproducts/Biosystems Science Engineering and Management, 2019, University of Minnesota

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/213052

► Phthalate plasticizers have long been used in poly(vinyl chloride), PVC formulations until recent studies have shown they can cause adverse health effects when ingested. Alternative… (more)

▼ Phthalate plasticizers have long been used in poly(vinyl chloride), PVC formulations until recent studies have shown they can cause adverse health effects when ingested. Alternative plasticizers are available but they do not match the cost and performance of phthalates. Vegetable oils are ubiquitous, nontoxic, low cost materials that can be chemically modified to function as plasticizers in PVC. To be compatible, vegetable oils must be modified to reduce molecular weight, balance of polarity, and introduce branching along the fatty acid backbone. Readily available soybean oil was used as the primary starting material to meet these structural requirements. The oil was transesterified with different alcohols to reduce molecular weight and change its overall polarity. To increase polarity and add branching, estolides were introduced onto the fatty acid ester backbone at the site of unsaturation by two synthetic methods. The perchloric acid method provided estolides with low estolide number and higher crosslinking products, while the epoxy method resulted in higher estolide numbers which imparted better compatibility with PVC. Separation and characterization of the components of the epoxy method found they contained cyclic tetrahydrofuran ether estolides in significant quantities. These were formed by the ring opening reaction of diepoxy linoleate by acetic acid. To reduce the formation of these cyclic ether estolides castor oil epoxy fatty acid alkyl ester estolides were synthesized and evaluated as plasticizers. These epoxy fatty acid alkyl ester estolides from castor oil had excellent plasticizing properties but the higher cost and limited availability of castor oil would make them prohibitive. Considering the better performance of castor oil based epoxy fatty acid ester estolides, soybean oil derived epoxy fatty acid alkyl ester estolides with reduced cyclic ether content were prepared. These compounds with medium molecular weight head group (butyl and pentyl) provided good functionality in PVC. Based on their performance, these epoxy fatty acid ester estolides would be useful replacements for phthalates in low water contact applications such as wire and cable coatings or wall coverings.

Subjects/Keywords: Castor Oil; Estolide; Plasticizer; PVC; Soybean Oil; Vegetable Oil

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APA (6^th Edition):

Stolp, L. (2019). Development Of Biobased Plasticizers From Vegetable Oils For Poly(Vinyl Chloride), PVC. (Masters Thesis). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/213052

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Stolp, Lucas. “Development Of Biobased Plasticizers From Vegetable Oils For Poly(Vinyl Chloride), PVC.” 2019. Masters Thesis, University of Minnesota. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11299/213052.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Stolp, Lucas. “Development Of Biobased Plasticizers From Vegetable Oils For Poly(Vinyl Chloride), PVC.” 2019. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Stolp L. Development Of Biobased Plasticizers From Vegetable Oils For Poly(Vinyl Chloride), PVC. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/213052.

Council of Science Editors:

Stolp L. Development Of Biobased Plasticizers From Vegetable Oils For Poly(Vinyl Chloride), PVC. [Masters Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/213052

Colorado State University

9. Lakshminarayanan, Arunachalam. Testing and performance measurement of straight vegetable oils as an alternative fuel for diesel engines.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Mechanical Engineering, 2014, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/88566

► Rising fuel prices, growing energy demand, concerns over domestic energy security and global warming from greenhouse gas emissions have triggered the global interest in bio-energy… (more)

▼ Rising fuel prices, growing energy demand, concerns over domestic energy security and global warming from greenhouse gas emissions have triggered the global interest in bio-energy and bio-fuel crop development. Backlash from these concerns can result in supply shocks of traditional fossil fuels and create immense economic pressure. It is thus widely argued that bio-fuels would particularly benefit developing countries by off-setting their dependencies on imported petroleum. Domestically, the transportation sector accounts for almost 40% of liquid fuel consumption, while on-farm application like tractors and combines for agricultural purposes uses close to an additional 18%. It is estimated that 40% of the farm budget can be attributed to the fuel costs. With the cost of diesel continuously rising, farmers are now looking at using Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO) as an alternative fuel by producing their own fuel crops. This study evaluates conventional diesel compared to the use of SVO like Camelina, Canola and Juncea grown on local farms in Colorado for their performance and emissions on a John Deere 4045 Tier-II engine. Additionally, physical properties like density and viscosity, metal/mineral content, and cold flow properties like CFPP and CP of these oils were measured using ASTM standards and compared to diesel. It was found that SVOs did not show significant differences compared to diesel fuel with regards to engine emissions, but did show an increase in thermal efficiency. Therefore, this study supports the continued development of SVO production as a viable alternative to diesel fuels, particularly for on-farm applications. The need for providing and developing a sustainable, economic and environmental friendly fuel alternative has taken an aggressive push which will require a strong multidisciplinary education in the field of bio-energy. Commercial bio-energy development has the potential to not only alleviate the energy concerns, but also to give renewed impetus to the agricultural sector and rural development. Advisors/Committee Members: Olsen, Daniel B. (advisor), Marchese, Anthony (committee member), Byrne, Patrick (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: biofuels; emissions; engines; physical properties; straight vegetable oils; triglycerides

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lakshminarayanan, A. (2014). Testing and performance measurement of straight vegetable oils as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/88566

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lakshminarayanan, Arunachalam. “Testing and performance measurement of straight vegetable oils as an alternative fuel for diesel engines.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/88566.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lakshminarayanan, Arunachalam. “Testing and performance measurement of straight vegetable oils as an alternative fuel for diesel engines.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Lakshminarayanan A. Testing and performance measurement of straight vegetable oils as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/88566.

Council of Science Editors:

Lakshminarayanan A. Testing and performance measurement of straight vegetable oils as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/88566

10. Şenol, Osman İlke. Hydrodeoxygenation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Oxygenates on Sulphided Catalysts for Production of Second Generation Biofuels.

Degree: 2007, Helsinki University of Technology

URL: http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2007/isbn9789512290369/

► Environmental concerns and diminishing petroleum reserves have increased the importance of biofuels for traffic fuel applications. Second generation biofuels produced from wood, vegetable oils and… (more)

▼ Environmental concerns and diminishing petroleum reserves have increased the importance of biofuels for traffic fuel applications. Second generation biofuels produced from wood, vegetable oils and animal fats have been considered promising for delivering biofuels in large amount with low production cost. The abundance of oxygen in the form of various aliphatic and aromatic oxygenates decreases the quality of biofuels, however, and therefore the oxygen content of biofuels must be reduced. Upgrading of biofuels can be achieved by hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), which is similar to hydrodesulphurisation in oil refining. In HDO, oxygen-containing compounds are converted to hydrocarbons by eliminating oxygen in the form of water in the presence of hydrogen and a sulphided catalyst. Due to the low sulphur content of biofuels, a sulphiding agent is typically added to the HDO feed to maintain activity and stability of the catalyst. The aim of this work was to investigate HDO using aliphatic and aromatic oxygenates as model compounds on sulphided NiMo/γ-Al2O3 and CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalysts. The effects of side product, water, and of sulphiding agents, H2S and CS2, on HDO were determined. The primary focus was on the HDO of aliphatic oxygenates, because a reasonable amount of data regarding the HDO of aromatic oxygenates already exists. The HDO of aliphatic esters produced hydrocarbons from intermediate alcohol, carboxylic acid, aldehyde and ether compounds. A few sulphur-containing compounds were also detected in trace amounts, and their formation caused desulphurisation of the catalysts. Hydrogenation reactions and acid-catalysed reactions (dehydration, hydrolysis, esterification, E2 elimination and SN2 nucleophilic substitution) played a major role in the HDO of aliphatic oxygenates. The NiMo catalyst showed a higher activity for HDO and hydrogenation reactions than the CoMo catalyst, but both catalysts became deactivated because of desulphurisation and coking. Water inhibited the HDO, but the addition of H2S effectively eliminated the inhibition. The addition of H2S enhanced HDO and stabilised the selectivities but did not prevent deactivation of the catalysts. The effect of H2S was explained in terms of promotion of the acid-catalysed reactions due to enhanced catalyst acidity. Water and the sulphiding agents added to the HDO feed suppressed hydrogenation reactions on the NiMo catalyst but did not affect them on the CoMo catalyst. The addition of H2S resulted in less hydrogen consumption and coke formation than the addition of CS2, but the product distribution was shifted such that the carbon efficiency decreased. It was concluded that, for the HDO of aliphatic oxygenates, H2S was superior to CS2 as a sulphiding agent. The HDO of phenol, used as a model aromatic oxygenate, produced aromatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons in parallel routes in which the primary reactions were direct hydrogenolysis and hydrogenation, respectively. The addition of H2S on both catalysts inhibited the HDO due to competitive adsorption of phenol and H2S,… Advisors/Committee Members: Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Chemical Technology, Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry.

Subjects/Keywords: bio-oil; biodiesel; vegetable oils; hydrogen sulphide

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APA (6^th Edition):

Şenol, O. �. (2007). Hydrodeoxygenation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Oxygenates on Sulphided Catalysts for Production of Second Generation Biofuels. (Thesis). Helsinki University of Technology. Retrieved from http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2007/isbn9789512290369/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Şenol, Osman İlke. “Hydrodeoxygenation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Oxygenates on Sulphided Catalysts for Production of Second Generation Biofuels.” 2007. Thesis, Helsinki University of Technology. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2007/isbn9789512290369/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Şenol, Osman İlke. “Hydrodeoxygenation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Oxygenates on Sulphided Catalysts for Production of Second Generation Biofuels.” 2007. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Şenol O�. Hydrodeoxygenation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Oxygenates on Sulphided Catalysts for Production of Second Generation Biofuels. [Internet] [Thesis]. Helsinki University of Technology; 2007. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2007/isbn9789512290369/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Şenol O�. Hydrodeoxygenation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Oxygenates on Sulphided Catalysts for Production of Second Generation Biofuels. [Thesis]. Helsinki University of Technology; 2007. Available from: http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2007/isbn9789512290369/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Anna University

11. Jeyalakshmi P. Studies on combustion performance And emission characteristics of a diesel Engine using diesel and methyl ester of Vegetable oil as fuel;.

Degree: Studies on combustion performance And emission characteristics of a diesel Engine using diesel and methyl ester of Vegetable oil as fuel, 2015, Anna University

URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/39546

►

newline Irrecoverable rapid depletion of fossil fuel high price fluctuations newlinereducing energy security uncertainty in oil supply to consuming nations high newlineexpenditure on fuel import… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Mechanical engineering; Vegetable oil as fuel

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APA (6^th Edition):

P, J. (2015). Studies on combustion performance And emission characteristics of a diesel Engine using diesel and methyl ester of Vegetable oil as fuel;. (Thesis). Anna University. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/39546

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

P, Jeyalakshmi. “Studies on combustion performance And emission characteristics of a diesel Engine using diesel and methyl ester of Vegetable oil as fuel;.” 2015. Thesis, Anna University. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/39546.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

P, Jeyalakshmi. “Studies on combustion performance And emission characteristics of a diesel Engine using diesel and methyl ester of Vegetable oil as fuel;.” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

P J. Studies on combustion performance And emission characteristics of a diesel Engine using diesel and methyl ester of Vegetable oil as fuel;. [Internet] [Thesis]. Anna University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/39546.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

P J. Studies on combustion performance And emission characteristics of a diesel Engine using diesel and methyl ester of Vegetable oil as fuel;. [Thesis]. Anna University; 2015. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/39546

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Iowa State University

12. Garrison, Thomas Frederick. Synthesis and characterization of vegetable oil-based polyurethane dispersions.

Degree: 2013, Iowa State University

URL: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/13470

► This dissertation discusses the synthesis and characterization of environmentally-friendly waterborne vegetable oil-based polyurethane dispersions and their resulting films. The thermal and mechanical properties of the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: coatings; dispersions; polyurethane; vegetable oil; Polymer Chemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Garrison, T. F. (2013). Synthesis and characterization of vegetable oil-based polyurethane dispersions. (Thesis). Iowa State University. Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/13470

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Garrison, Thomas Frederick. “Synthesis and characterization of vegetable oil-based polyurethane dispersions.” 2013. Thesis, Iowa State University. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/13470.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Garrison, Thomas Frederick. “Synthesis and characterization of vegetable oil-based polyurethane dispersions.” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Garrison TF. Synthesis and characterization of vegetable oil-based polyurethane dispersions. [Internet] [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/13470.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Garrison TF. Synthesis and characterization of vegetable oil-based polyurethane dispersions. [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2013. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/13470

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Iowa State University

13. Xia, Ying. Biorenewable polymeric materials from vegetable oils.

Degree: 2011, Iowa State University

URL: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10307

► This dissertation discusses the synthesis and characterization of novel biorenewable vegetable oil-based polymeric materials, including thermosets and environmentally-friendly waterborne polyurethane dispersions. The thermosets prepared by… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: biorenewable; coating; polyurethane; thermoset; vegetable oil; Chemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Xia, Y. (2011). Biorenewable polymeric materials from vegetable oils. (Thesis). Iowa State University. Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10307

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Xia, Ying. “Biorenewable polymeric materials from vegetable oils.” 2011. Thesis, Iowa State University. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10307.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Xia, Ying. “Biorenewable polymeric materials from vegetable oils.” 2011. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Xia Y. Biorenewable polymeric materials from vegetable oils. [Internet] [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10307.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Xia Y. Biorenewable polymeric materials from vegetable oils. [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2011. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10307

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

14. Cheng, Way Lee. A numerical study of the multi-component effects on the combustion and evaporation of biofuels and blends.

Degree: PhD, 0133, 2011, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/18375

► Biodiesel fuels and their blends with diesel are often used to reduce carbon trace and to help reducing engine emissions. However, previous studies have shown… (more)

▼ Biodiesel fuels and their blends with diesel are often used to reduce carbon trace and to help reducing engine emissions. However, previous studies have shown mixed effects of biodiesel on NOx emissions. Operating a compression-ignition engine in low- temperature combustion mode as well as using multiple injections can reduce NOx emissions. The effects of injection timing, spray angle and fuel composition are studied using a modified version of KIVA 3V code. The objectives of this research include: 1) to examine the effects of fuel on engine performance and emissions; 2) to study the effects of spray angle on flow patterns and pollutants formation using a discrete multi- component approach; 3) to develop a new droplet evaporation model using the continuous thermodynamics formulation, which is capable in accommodating multiple distribution functions, accounts for preferential evaporation, finite diffusion and surface regression of the droplet; 4) to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model in engine applications. A numerical study is also conducted to study the effect of spray angle in a small bore high speed direct injection engine. Soot located in the squish region or the region above the piston bowl are readily oxidized due to abundance of oxygen. Portions of fuel are burnt in the region about the piston bowl or squish for both spray angles of 150?? and 70??. Soot located within the piston bowl is oxidized at a much slower rate due to deficient of oxygen after combustion. Soot emissions are mainly due to soot remaining within in the piston bowl at the end of combustion cycle. Any strategy that pushes soot out of the piston bowl can improve the oxidation process, thus, reducing soot emission. Extra oxygen in biodiesel also helps in reducing the emission. The effects of variable cone angle spray on the performance of a diesel engine are studied. Using a variable cone angle injection extends the range of injection time without engine wall wetting, which decreases soot and unburnt hydrocarbon emissions. The numerical predictions show a 10% improvement in thermal efficiency without compromising NOx and soot emissions. The study shows that the evaporation of the fuel affects the ignition behavior and combustion quality. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the evaporation and mixing processes is essential for further improvement in engine performance. A multi- component droplet evaporation model, as efficient as a traditional zero-dimensional model, yet preserving the correct description of the underlying physical process is developed in this study. The continuous thermodynamics formulation is used, for which the fuel (or liquid mixture) is described using a probability distribution function. The variation of composition in both liquid and vapor phases is represented by tracing the changes of the probability distribution function parameters. In the present study, the gamma distribution is used to represent the fuel… Advisors/Committee Members: Lee, Chia-Fon (advisor), Lee, Chia-Fon (Committee Chair), Vanka, Surya Pratap (committee member), Hansen, Alan C. (committee member), Kyritsis, Dimitrios C. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Biofuels; Multi-component; Continuous Thermodynamics; Droplet Evaporation; Variable cone angle spray

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cheng, W. L. (2011). A numerical study of the multi-component effects on the combustion and evaporation of biofuels and blends. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/18375

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cheng, Way Lee. “A numerical study of the multi-component effects on the combustion and evaporation of biofuels and blends.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/18375.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cheng, Way Lee. “A numerical study of the multi-component effects on the combustion and evaporation of biofuels and blends.” 2011. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Cheng WL. A numerical study of the multi-component effects on the combustion and evaporation of biofuels and blends. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/18375.

Council of Science Editors:

Cheng WL. A numerical study of the multi-component effects on the combustion and evaporation of biofuels and blends. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/18375

Louisiana State University

15. Mis Solval, Kevin Estuardo. Spray drying technology for the production and processing of microencapsulated omega-3 fish oil with egg powder.

Degree: MS, Life Sciences, 2011, Louisiana State University

URL: etd-04272011-152744 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/1390

► Protein with essential amino acids is required for recovering, repairing, and building muscles after intensive exercise. A powder produced with egg white (EW) (high quality… (more)

▼ Protein with essential amino acids is required for recovering, repairing, and building muscles after intensive exercise. A powder produced with egg white (EW) (high quality protein) and fish oil (menhaden (Brevoortia patronus) (MO) oil or salmon oil (SO)) with high DHA and EPA content should be particularly beneficial for athletes. The objective of this study was to develop microencapsulated omega-3 fatty acids fortified EW powders. Two stable emulsions were prepared with 3.43% (MO) or (SO), 56.21% EW, and 40.36% water (E-MO-EW and E-SO-EW). An EW with water solution (without fish oil) (E-EW) was prepared as a control. Two emulsions (E-MO-EW; E-SO-EW) and E-EW solution were separately spray dried at 130, 140, and 150 °C inlet air temperatures producing three microencapsulated menhaden oil fortified EW powders, three microencapsulated salmon oil fortified EW powders, and three egg white powders (dried E-EW). Physical and chemical properties of E-EW, E-MO-EW and E-SO-EW were determined and the energy used to spray dry them was estimated. The powders were analyzed for color, fatty acids methyl esters (FAME), protein, fat, moisture, ash, amino acid profile, minerals, microstructure and particle size. Microencapsulated efficiency (ME) was estimated only for microencapsulated fish oil fortified EW powders. Triplicate experiments were conducted and data statistically analyzed (á=0.05). The actual production rate of powders ranged from 0.056 to 0.060 (kg dry solids/h). More energy was used to spray dry E-EW, E-MO-EW, and E-SO-EW at 150°C than at 130 and 140 °C inlet air temperature. The inlet air temperature did not affect the EPA or DHA content of MO and SO or the microencapsulation efficiency. The protein content of the oil fortified powders was lower than that of the dried E-EW powders. Leucine was the main essential amino acid found in all the powders. Most of the powders’ particles ranged in size from 20 to 30 µm. The study demonstrated that high quality egg white protein with omega-3 can be produced by microencapsulation. Oil fortified egg white powders could provide benefits for athletes who do high intensity exercise. This study also identifies opportunities for development of microencapsulated omega-3 fatty acids fortified egg white powders.

Subjects/Keywords: FISH OIL; SPRAY DRYING; EGG POWDER

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mis Solval, K. E. (2011). Spray drying technology for the production and processing of microencapsulated omega-3 fish oil with egg powder. (Masters Thesis). Louisiana State University. Retrieved from etd-04272011-152744 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/1390

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mis Solval, Kevin Estuardo. “Spray drying technology for the production and processing of microencapsulated omega-3 fish oil with egg powder.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Louisiana State University. Accessed March 04, 2021. etd-04272011-152744 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/1390.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mis Solval, Kevin Estuardo. “Spray drying technology for the production and processing of microencapsulated omega-3 fish oil with egg powder.” 2011. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Mis Solval KE. Spray drying technology for the production and processing of microencapsulated omega-3 fish oil with egg powder. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Louisiana State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: etd-04272011-152744 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/1390.

Council of Science Editors:

Mis Solval KE. Spray drying technology for the production and processing of microencapsulated omega-3 fish oil with egg powder. [Masters Thesis]. Louisiana State University; 2011. Available from: etd-04272011-152744 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/1390

University of Tasmania

16. Alhazzaa, R. Alternative sources of Omega-3 oils for Barramundi, Lates calcarifer, aquaculture.

Degree: 2012, University of Tasmania

URL: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/14726/1/front-alhazzaa-thesis.pdf ; https://eprints.utas.edu.au/14726/2/whole-alhazzaa-thesis-exc-pub-mat.pdf ; https://eprints.utas.edu.au/14726/3/whole-alhazzaa-thesis-inc-pub-mat.pdf

► Fish oil (FO) is the major source of dietary lipid in carnivorous fish feeds including barramundi, Lates calcarifer, which is widely farmed in Asia and… (more)

▼ Fish oil (FO) is the major source of dietary lipid in carnivorous fish feeds including barramundi, Lates calcarifer, which is widely farmed in Asia and Australia. However, recent increases in FO prices, increased demand and the foreseen inability of wild fisheries to meet future requirements have created a need for cheaper and more sustainable alternatives. Vegetable oils (VO) can be produced in sufficient quantities to meet the growing aquaculture demand, although they lack the long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) beneficial to human consumers. Some VO like rapeseed oil (RO), echium oil from Echium plantagineum (EO) and linseed oil (LO) have high levels of n-3 and n-6 short-chain (≤C18) PUFA that can accumulate or be converted into LC-PUFA by some fish species, although generally at low efficiency, and not to docosahexaenoic acid. In a series of comparative and factorial experiments, I investigated the growth and lipid changes of barramundi fed different dietary oils: FO, RO, LO and EO over conditions covering: a range of salinities and temperatures, subject to immunity stress or supplemented with plant-derived bioactive ingredients. In general, growth performance parameters were comparable for FO and VO treatments, and resulted in accumulation of VO-derived n-3 and n-6 PUFA. Salinity has no direct effect on growth or lipid metabolism regardless of the dietary lipid source. Endogenous conversion by barramundi of dietary PUFA into LC-PUFA is limited by more than one ratelimiting step and there is a preference for incorporation of LC-PUFA into the polar lipid fraction rather than neutral lipid. The growth of barramundi slowed at sub-optimal (20°C) temperature compared to optimal (30°C) temperature. PUFA from dietary VO deposits in muscle and are maintained under rapid temperature decreases. In contrast, excess LC-PUFA from FO depleted faster than occurs in VO fed fish. The production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids in fish fed FO was lower than for fish fed VO following bacterial infection. EO significantly suppressed the production of the pro-inflammatory mediators compared to RO. Sesamin, a lignan in sesame seed, enhanced the conversion of dietary PUFA into LC-PUFA for the n-3 series rather than n-6 in early juvenile barramundi. However, sesamin had negative impact on fish growth at this early life-stage. Barramundi fed on VO are a rich source of LC-PUFA precursors, α-linolenic and stearidonic acid, and grow well under the different environmental conditions that are typical of outdoor barramundi farms. The use of terrestrial VO containing the LC-PUFA precursors and plant-derived bioactive compounds show promise for use in barramundi aquafeed in terms of fish growth and health as either partial or complete alternatives for FO. However, using currently available VO, high content of the n -3 LC-PUFA is not achieved.

Subjects/Keywords: Barramundi; fish oil; fatty acid; lipid nutrition; vegetable oil

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APA (6^th Edition):

Alhazzaa, R. (2012). Alternative sources of Omega-3 oils for Barramundi, Lates calcarifer, aquaculture. (Thesis). University of Tasmania. Retrieved from https://eprints.utas.edu.au/14726/1/front-alhazzaa-thesis.pdf ; https://eprints.utas.edu.au/14726/2/whole-alhazzaa-thesis-exc-pub-mat.pdf ; https://eprints.utas.edu.au/14726/3/whole-alhazzaa-thesis-inc-pub-mat.pdf

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Alhazzaa, R. “Alternative sources of Omega-3 oils for Barramundi, Lates calcarifer, aquaculture.” 2012. Thesis, University of Tasmania. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/14726/1/front-alhazzaa-thesis.pdf ; https://eprints.utas.edu.au/14726/2/whole-alhazzaa-thesis-exc-pub-mat.pdf ; https://eprints.utas.edu.au/14726/3/whole-alhazzaa-thesis-inc-pub-mat.pdf.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Alhazzaa, R. “Alternative sources of Omega-3 oils for Barramundi, Lates calcarifer, aquaculture.” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Alhazzaa R. Alternative sources of Omega-3 oils for Barramundi, Lates calcarifer, aquaculture. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Tasmania; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/14726/1/front-alhazzaa-thesis.pdf ; https://eprints.utas.edu.au/14726/2/whole-alhazzaa-thesis-exc-pub-mat.pdf ; https://eprints.utas.edu.au/14726/3/whole-alhazzaa-thesis-inc-pub-mat.pdf.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Alhazzaa R. Alternative sources of Omega-3 oils for Barramundi, Lates calcarifer, aquaculture. [Thesis]. University of Tasmania; 2012. Available from: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/14726/1/front-alhazzaa-thesis.pdf ; https://eprints.utas.edu.au/14726/2/whole-alhazzaa-thesis-exc-pub-mat.pdf ; https://eprints.utas.edu.au/14726/3/whole-alhazzaa-thesis-inc-pub-mat.pdf

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Guelph

17. Wasserman, Eli Shawn Jordan. Life Cycle Assessment of a Pilot Scale Farm-Based Biodiesel Plant.

Degree: Master of Applied Science, School of Engineering, 2013, University of Guelph

URL: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/6644

► This study used environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) to investigate waste vegetable oil (WVO) biodiesel production at the University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, Centre for… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment; Biodiesel; Waste Vegetable Oil; Soybean Oil; Farm

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wasserman, E. S. J. (2013). Life Cycle Assessment of a Pilot Scale Farm-Based Biodiesel Plant. (Masters Thesis). University of Guelph. Retrieved from https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/6644

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wasserman, Eli Shawn Jordan. “Life Cycle Assessment of a Pilot Scale Farm-Based Biodiesel Plant.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Guelph. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/6644.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wasserman, Eli Shawn Jordan. “Life Cycle Assessment of a Pilot Scale Farm-Based Biodiesel Plant.” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Wasserman ESJ. Life Cycle Assessment of a Pilot Scale Farm-Based Biodiesel Plant. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Guelph; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/6644.

Council of Science Editors:

Wasserman ESJ. Life Cycle Assessment of a Pilot Scale Farm-Based Biodiesel Plant. [Masters Thesis]. University of Guelph; 2013. Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/6644

18. Rico, Julieta Andrea Puerto. Biocombustíveis, alimentos e petróleo: uma análise retrospectiva da experiência brasileira.

Degree: PhD, Energia, 2013, University of São Paulo

URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-05122013-111811/ ;

►

Os biocombustíveis são produzidos de acordo a conjunturas do mercado de petróleo e das commodities agrícolas, e são inseridos na esfera produtiva dos derivados de… (more)

▼

Os biocombustíveis são produzidos de acordo a conjunturas do mercado de petróleo e das commodities agrícolas, e são inseridos na esfera produtiva dos derivados de petróleo através de incentivos governamentais. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a relação entre os setores de biocombustíveis, alimentos e petróleo recorrendo ao referencial teórico sobre renda dos recursos naturais e ao método histórico. Na primeira etapa foram identificados vasos comunicantes entre os preços do petróleo e de algumas commodities agrícolas, observando que o excedente criado com o petróleo influencia os preços das commodities agrícolas e, a partir do processo de financeirização desta esfera, os comercializadores oligopsônicos de alimentos podem extrair um excedente dos proprietários da terra. Na segunda etapa foram analisados os programas brasileiros. Foi observado que no caso do biodiesel a criação de rendas diferenciais a partir da produção de matérias primas da agricultura familiar fica restringida. A obtenção deste tipo de rendas depende do preço de mercado dos óleos vegetais provenientes da agricultura capitalista e de acordo aos incentivos formulados para o PNPB ainda não se configura um mercado de referência que permita escolher o mercado de energia sendo preferível auferir a renda da terra no mercado de óleos vegetais para alimentação. Análise comparativa revelou com significância estatística que os preços dos óleos vegetais tendem a ser superiores aos dos fósseis equivalentes. Os resultados da pesquisa permitem concluir que as tentativas de viabilizar o biodiesel: a) na década de 1970 careceram de articulações políticas para superar as dificuldades impostas pelas condições de mercado, em comparação com o etanol; b) na retomada dos anos 2000, apesar da intensa articulação institucional e dos incentivos, permanecem as dificuldades decorrentes da limitada escala de produção da matéria prima e da natureza dos mercados de óleos vegetais e o preço regulador definido pelo dos fósseis equivalentes. No caso do álcool, a instrumentalização do Estado por parte das elites, permitiu a criação de incentivos, principalmente a favor dos produtores de açúcar e/ou álcool durante várias décadas, até conseguir a opção de obter rendas absolutas e diferenciais nos dois mercados. As condições de mercado criadas por esta articulação permitiu criar um preço regulador para o etanol baseado, inicialmente, no mercado do açúcar e depois no mercado de derivados do petróleo. A pesquisa demonstra que o álcool combustível no Brasil criou, através dos incentivos governamentais, capacidade de reprodução com alta produtividade / custos baixos e balanço energético favorável. Sua permanência é devida à frota de flex-fuel lançada em 2003. Apesar das articulações institucionais o etanol combustível não se autonomizou e permanece vinculado ao comportamento dos preços reguladores determinados pela esfera dos combustíveis fósseis.

Biofuels are produced according to conjunctures of the agricultural commodities and oil markets and are inserted into the productive sphere…

Advisors/Committee Members: Sauer, Ildo Luís.

Subjects/Keywords: Biocombustíveis e Commodities Agrícolas; Biocombustíveis e Petróleo; Biocombustíveis no Brasil; Biofuels and Agricultural Commodities; Biofuels and Oil.; Biofuels in Brazil

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Rico, J. A. P. (2013). Biocombustíveis, alimentos e petróleo: uma análise retrospectiva da experiência brasileira. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-05122013-111811/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rico, Julieta Andrea Puerto. “Biocombustíveis, alimentos e petróleo: uma análise retrospectiva da experiência brasileira.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of São Paulo. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-05122013-111811/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rico, Julieta Andrea Puerto. “Biocombustíveis, alimentos e petróleo: uma análise retrospectiva da experiência brasileira.” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Rico JAP. Biocombustíveis, alimentos e petróleo: uma análise retrospectiva da experiência brasileira. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of São Paulo; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-05122013-111811/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Rico JAP. Biocombustíveis, alimentos e petróleo: uma análise retrospectiva da experiência brasileira. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of São Paulo; 2013. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-05122013-111811/ ;

University of Alabama

19. Simmons, Benjamin. Atomization and combustion of liquid biofuels.

Degree: 2011, University of Alabama

URL: http://purl.lib.ua.edu/41239

► Biofuel research will continue to be important as the world seeks to address limited fossil fuel supplies, concerns over greenhouse gases, and demand for energy… (more)

▼ Biofuel research will continue to be important as the world seeks to address limited fossil fuel supplies, concerns over greenhouse gases, and demand for energy independence. Biofuels can meet these needs by being a potentially carbon neutral energy source that can be utilized wherever any of a vastly varied feedstock is available. Since much of the energy infrastructure is set up for liquid fuels, liquid biofuels should fill many needs. One common biofuel is biodiesel, produced from bio-oil to match physical properties (like viscosity) of conventional fuels such as diesel. Biodiesel is produced through the transesterification of a source bio-oil and results in the byproduct, glycerol. This study seeks to investigate the combustion performance of a soy biodiesel, the source vegetable oil (VO), and the byproduct glycerol, while using number 2 diesel as the baseline for comparison. This study implements a novel fuel atomization technique known as flow-blurring (FB) atomization to atomize and cleanly combust not only biodiesel but also VO and glycerol. FB atomization uses a simple geometry to create a two-phase air/fuel mixture upstream of an orifice to produce which results in very fine sprays which burn cleanly and produce lower CO and NOX as compared to standard air-blast (AB) fuel injectors. First, the combustion performance of biodiesel and VO are compared to a diesel baseline. Results indicate that the FB mechanism provides a simple technique that can be used to successfully atomize and combust VO with resulting emissions comparable to diesel fuel. It was also observed that the FB atomizer incurred no adverse pressure drop penalties when operating with VO or biodiesel. Next, a study into the combustion performance of glycerol was conducted. First glycerol was co-fired with methane in an un-insulated quartz combustor. Results show high combustion efficiency, although CO emissions at the combustor wall were high (~5000 ppm) because of heat loss. Insulating the combustor made it possible to burn pure glycerol flames. An optimum air to liquid mass ratio (ALR) was found and used to investigate combustion performance at three different heat release rates. Residence time in the combustor was found to be an important parameter to achieve low CO emissions. Finally, glycerol/ methane flames were investigated in the insulated chamber to demonstrate dual fuel capabilities of the combustor. The emissions were minimized by splitting methane flow between primary and atomizing air lines. Next, spray characteristics of the FB atomizer were compared to the AB atomizer using a phase Doppler particle analyzer (PDPA) system. Results for water as the liquid show that the FB atomizer produces sprays with smaller droplets and also a narrower range of droplet sizes. The FB injector also incurred a smaller pressure drop in the atomizing air line. The FB atomizer incurred higher pressure drop in the liquid supply line resulting from the intense two-phase mixing at the tip of the liquid tube. Next, non-reacting VO and diesel sprays were… Advisors/Committee Members: Agrawal, Ajay K., Daly, Daniel T., Midkiff, K Clark, Schreiber, Willard C., Taylor, Robert P., University of Alabama. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering.

Subjects/Keywords: Electronic Thesis or Dissertation; – thesis; Mechanical engineering; atomization; biofuels; combustion; flow-blurring; PDPA; spray

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APA (6^th Edition):

Simmons, B. (2011). Atomization and combustion of liquid biofuels. (Thesis). University of Alabama. Retrieved from http://purl.lib.ua.edu/41239

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Simmons, Benjamin. “Atomization and combustion of liquid biofuels.” 2011. Thesis, University of Alabama. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://purl.lib.ua.edu/41239.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Simmons, Benjamin. “Atomization and combustion of liquid biofuels.” 2011. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Simmons B. Atomization and combustion of liquid biofuels. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Alabama; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://purl.lib.ua.edu/41239.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Simmons B. Atomization and combustion of liquid biofuels. [Thesis]. University of Alabama; 2011. Available from: http://purl.lib.ua.edu/41239

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Michigan Technological University

20. Gong, Yejun. Large Eddy Simulation of dispersed multiphase flow.

Degree: PhD, Department of Mathematical Sciences, 2012, Michigan Technological University

URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/729

► This thesis covers two main topics. The first is the comparison between the Reynoldsaveraged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulation and the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: computational fluid dynamics; hydrotreated vegetable fuel; large eddy simulation; spray; Applied Mathematics; Mechanical Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gong, Y. (2012). Large Eddy Simulation of dispersed multiphase flow. (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/729

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gong, Yejun. “Large Eddy Simulation of dispersed multiphase flow.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan Technological University. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/729.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gong, Yejun. “Large Eddy Simulation of dispersed multiphase flow.” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Gong Y. Large Eddy Simulation of dispersed multiphase flow. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/729.

Council of Science Editors:

Gong Y. Large Eddy Simulation of dispersed multiphase flow. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2012. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/729

21. Vispute, Tushar. Pyrolysis Oils: Characterization, Stability Analysis, and Catalytic Upgrading to Fuels and Chemicals.

Degree: PhD, Chemical Engineering, 2011, U of Massachusetts : PhD

URL: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/349

► There is a growing need to develop the processes to produce renewable fuels and chemicals due to the economical, political, and environmental concerns associated… (more)

▼ There is a growing need to develop the processes to produce renewable fuels and chemicals due to the economical, political, and environmental concerns associated with the fossil fuels. One of the most promising methods for a small scale conversion of biomass into liquid fuels is fast pyrolysis. The liquid product obtained from the fast pyrolysis of biomass is called pyrolysis oil or bio-oil. It is a complex mixture of more than 300 compounds resulting from the depolymerization of biomass building blocks, cellulose; hemi-cellulose; and lignin. Bio-oils have low heating value, high moisture content, are acidic, contain solid char particles, are incompatible with existing petroleum based fuels, are thermally unstable, and degrade with time. They cannot be used directly in a diesel or a gasoline internal combustion engine. One of the challenges with the bio-oil is that it is unstable and can phase separate when stored for long. Its viscosity and molecular weight increases with time. It is important to identify the factors responsible for the bio-oil instability and to stabilize the bio-oil. The stability analysis of the bio-oil showed that the high molecular weight lignin oligomers in the bio-oil are mainly responsible for the instability of bio-oil. The viscosity increase in the bio-oil was due to two reasons: increase in the average molecular weight and increase in the concentration of high molecular weight oligomers. Char can be removed from the bio-oil by microfiltration using ceramic membranes with pore sizes less than 1 µm. Removal of char does not affect the bio-oil stability but is desired as char can cause difficulty in further processing of the bio-oil. Nanofiltration and low temperature hydrogenation were found to be the promising techniques to stabilize the bio-oil. Bio-oil must be catalytically converted into fuels and chemicals if it is to be used as a feedstock to make renewable fuels and chemicals. The water soluble fraction of bio-oil (WSBO) was found to contain C2 to C6 oxygenated hydrocarbons with various functionalities. In this study we showed that both hydrogen and alkanes can be produced with high yields from WSBO using aqueous phase processing. Hydrogen was produced by aqueous phase reforming over Pt/Al2O3 catalyst. Alkanes were produced by hydrodeoxygenation over Pt/SiO2-Al2O3. Both of these processes were preceded by a low temperature hydrogenation step over Ru/C catalyst. This step was critical to achieve high yields of hydrogen and alkanes. WSBO was also converted to gasoline-range alcohols and C2 to C6 diols with up to 46% carbon yield by a two-stage hydrogenation process over Ru/C catalyst (125 °C) followed by over Pt/C (250 °C) catalyst. Temperature and pressure can be used to tune the product selectivity. The hydroprocessing of bio-oil was followed by zeolite upgrading to produce C6 to C8 aromatic hydrocarbons and C2 to C4 olefins. Up to 70% carbon yield to aromatics and olefins was achieved from the hydrogenated aqueous fraction of bio-oil. The hydroprocessing steps prior to the… Advisors/Committee Members: George W. Huber, W. Curt Conner, Scott M. Auerbach.

Subjects/Keywords: biofuels; bio-oil; hydrodeoxygenation; pyrolysis; renewable; Chemical Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Vispute, T. (2011). Pyrolysis Oils: Characterization, Stability Analysis, and Catalytic Upgrading to Fuels and Chemicals. (Doctoral Dissertation). U of Massachusetts : PhD. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/349

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Vispute, Tushar. “Pyrolysis Oils: Characterization, Stability Analysis, and Catalytic Upgrading to Fuels and Chemicals.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, U of Massachusetts : PhD. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/349.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vispute, Tushar. “Pyrolysis Oils: Characterization, Stability Analysis, and Catalytic Upgrading to Fuels and Chemicals.” 2011. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Vispute T. Pyrolysis Oils: Characterization, Stability Analysis, and Catalytic Upgrading to Fuels and Chemicals. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. U of Massachusetts : PhD; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/349.

Council of Science Editors:

Vispute T. Pyrolysis Oils: Characterization, Stability Analysis, and Catalytic Upgrading to Fuels and Chemicals. [Doctoral Dissertation]. U of Massachusetts : PhD; 2011. Available from: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/349

22. Μασούρα, Ειρήνη. Ανάλυση διεθνών τιμών αγροτικών προϊόντων που χρησιμοποιούνται για την παραγωγή βιοκαυσίμων κατά το χρονικό διάστημα 1996-2013.

Degree: 2014, University of Patras

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10889/8233

►

Παρά τη συνολική αύξηση του όγκου των παραγόμενων τροφίμων στον κόσμο, το πρόβλημα της πείνας και του υποσιτισμού, για μεγάλο μέρος των κατοίκων του πλανήτη… (more)

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Παρά τη συνολική αύξηση του όγκου των παραγόμενων τροφίμων στον κόσμο, το πρόβλημα της πείνας και του υποσιτισμού, για μεγάλο μέρος των κατοίκων του πλανήτη παραμένει άλυτο. Η ενεργειακή κρίση και η παραγωγή βιοκαυσίμων δίνουν νέα διάσταση στη διατροφική κρίση και στην ακρίβεια τροφίμων. Κατανοώντας λοιπόν τη σπουδαιότητα του θέματος, εκπονήθηκε η παρούσα εργασία. Σκοπός της είναι να διερευνηθεί η σχέση μεταξύ των αγροτικών προϊόντων που προορίζονται για τη διατροφή του ανθρώπου και των βιοκαυσίμων που σχηματίζονται από αυτά. Παράλληλα εξετάζεται και η αλληλεπίδρασή τους με τις τιμές του πετρελαίου. Η εφαρμογή του Υποδείγματος Αυτοπαλίνδρομου Διανύσματος (VAR) καθώς και του Υποδείγματος Aπαρατήρητων ή Σταθερών Επιδράσεων (Fixed Effects Model) βοήθησαν στην εξαγωγή ορισμένων συμπερασμάτων. Σύμφωνα με το πρώτο υπόδειγμα παρουσιάζεται αλληλεπίδραση των τιμών τεσσάρων προϊόντων(καλαμπόκι, ζάχαρη, σογιέλαιο και κραμβέλαιο) με τα βιοκαύσιμα και το πετρέλαιο. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, οι τιμές του καλαμποκιού αντιδρούν αρνητικά το μεγαλύτερο διάστημα σε απρόσμενες μεταβολές του πετρελαίου ενώ θετικά το μεγαλύτερο διάστημα σε μεταβολές της βιοαιθανόλης. Οι τιμές της ζάχαρης αντιδρούν θετικά για μια περίοδο και στη συνέχεια βαίνουν μειούμενες σε αιφνίδια μεταβολή του πετρελαίου. Η αντίστοιχη αντίδραση σε μεταβολές της βιοαιθανόλης, την πρώτη περίοδο είναι θετική, για τις δυο επόμενες αρνητική και στη συνέχεια θετική για τις υπόλοιπες περιόδους. Όσον αφορά στην αντίδραση των τιμών του σογιέλαιου σε απρόσμενη μεταβολή του πετρελαίου τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν ότι τις πέντε πρώτες περιόδους είναι θετική, μεταξύ πέμπτης και όγδοης αρνητική και στη συνέχεια θετική. Η αντίδραση των τιμών του σογιέλαιου σε μεταβολές του βιοντίζελ είναι αρνητική τις πέντε πρώτες περιόδους, θετική μεταξύ πέμπτης και όγδοης, αρνητική μεταξύ όγδοης και δωδέκατης ενώ στη συνέχεια η διαταραχή αυτή απορροφάται από το σύστημα. Τέλος, η αντίδραση των τιμών του κραμβέλαιου σε μια απροσδόκητη μεταβολή του πετρελαίου, τις πρώτες τέσσερις περιόδους είναι θετική, τις τέσσερις επόμενες αρνητική ενώ τις επόμενες παρατηρείται απορρόφηση της διαταραχής. Η αντίστοιχη αντίδραση σε μια απρόβλεπτη διαταραχή του βιοντίζελ την πρώτη περίοδο είναι θετική, μεταξύ δεύτερης και πέμπτης αρνητική, πέμπτης και δέκατης θετική ενώ στη συνέχεια η διαταραχή αυτή τείνει να απορροφηθεί από το σύστημα. Για τέσσερα προϊόντα (σιτάρι, κριθάρι, σόργο και φοινικέλαιο) η VAR ανάλυση δεν μας παρουσίασε κάποιο αξιόλογο συμπέρασμα λόγω κακής εφαρμογής του μοντέλου αυτού στα συγκεκριμένα προϊόντα. Ωστόσο, σύμφωνα με το υπόδειγμα απαρατήρητων ή σταθερών επιδράσεων (fixed effects) υπάρχει αλληλεξάρτηση ανάμεσα στα προϊόντα (συμπεριλαμβανομένων και εκείνων που η VAR ανάλυση δεν μπόρεσε να ερμηνεύσει), τα βιοκαύσιμα και το πετρέλαιο. Πιο ισχυρή σχέση προέκυψε εκείνη της βιοαιθανόλης με τα προϊόντα και του βιοντίζελ με τα προϊόντα.

Despite the total increase of the produced food in the world, the problem of hunger and malnutrition remains unsolved for a big part of the world population. The…

Advisors/Committee Members: Ρεζίτης, Αντώνιος, Masoura, Irene, Κοντογεώργος, Αχιλλέας, Μπεληγιάννης, Γρηγόριος.

Subjects/Keywords: Αγροτικά προϊόντα; Βιοκαύσιμα; Πετρέλαιο; 338.13; Agricultural products; Biofuels; Oil

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Μασούρα, �. (2014). Ανάλυση διεθνών τιμών αγροτικών προϊόντων που χρησιμοποιούνται για την παραγωγή βιοκαυσίμων κατά το χρονικό διάστημα 1996-2013. (Masters Thesis). University of Patras. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10889/8233

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Μασούρα, Ειρήνη. “Ανάλυση διεθνών τιμών αγροτικών προϊόντων που χρησιμοποιούνται για την παραγωγή βιοκαυσίμων κατά το χρονικό διάστημα 1996-2013.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Patras. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/8233.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Μασούρα, Ειρήνη. “Ανάλυση διεθνών τιμών αγροτικών προϊόντων που χρησιμοποιούνται για την παραγωγή βιοκαυσίμων κατά το χρονικό διάστημα 1996-2013.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Μασούρα �. Ανάλυση διεθνών τιμών αγροτικών προϊόντων που χρησιμοποιούνται για την παραγωγή βιοκαυσίμων κατά το χρονικό διάστημα 1996-2013. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Patras; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10889/8233.

Council of Science Editors:

Μασούρα �. Ανάλυση διεθνών τιμών αγροτικών προϊόντων που χρησιμοποιούνται για την παραγωγή βιοκαυσίμων κατά το χρονικό διάστημα 1996-2013. [Masters Thesis]. University of Patras; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10889/8233

Universidade Estadual de Campinas

23. Braga, Ana Claudia Rocha, 1977-. Entre a monocultura e a diversidade : alternativas para o desenvolvimento rural da região de Tomé-Açu, Pará: Between monoculture and diversity : alternatives for the rural development in the region of Tomé-Açu, Pará.

Degree: 2017, Universidade Estadual de Campinas

URL: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/322735

► Abstract: Producing food, fibres and biofuels while maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services is one of the greatest challenges that rural populations are facing. To meet… (more)

▼ Abstract: Producing food, fibres and biofuels while maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services is one of the greatest challenges that rural populations are facing. To meet this challenge it is necessary a new approach to understand the dynamics in agrossystems, which accounts for ecological, social and economic domains, over various temporal and spatial scales. The resilience approach has been successfully used in these cases. In agrossystems resilience is related to the farm management, which is influenced by the perception of opportunities and challenges from different scales at social, economic, political and ecological domains. The main goal of this study is to understand the contribution of social, human and natural capitals in the agrossystems resilience. In particularly, the focus was given to analyze the influences of the Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (TARE) provided by public, private and civil society organizations; also to the analyses of the changes in the agricultural systems, after the establishment of contracts with the biofuel private sector; and finally the understanding of the contribution of internal characteristics of households that influences their dynamics, also related to pressures in different scales. The study was conducted in Tomé-Açu, in the Amazonian region, due to the direct influence of Nacional Program for Biofuel Use and Production, and because of unique regional historical aspects. Semi structured interviews were conducted with smallholders, technicians and biofuel corporations personnel, public and civil organization actors related to the TARE services. And to complete the data from interviews, a bibliographic research and field surveys of the smallholder¿s farms were used to identify the periods of land use and cover changes at local level, and also to better understand the region dynamic. The result supports the strong contribution of social and human capital in the resilience of agrossystems, by increasing their adaptive and transformation capacities on dealing with pressures from different scales. This multiplicity of TARE actors and the focus in supporting family farming turn the TARE initiatives promising in the region. All farms analysed were highly dynamic, with changes not always preceded by crisis periods. Two main strategies are available to the smallholders at region: one based on external dynamics, based on monoculture of palm oil with participation of big biofuels companies; the other one, is through diversity, by using agroforestry systems (AS) constructed by local institutions based on previous local experiences. These two options are available for smallholders recovery in the region, which are then, mediated by each landowner social, human e natural capitals. Households withlonger history in the land usually adopt more diversified systems (AS), while households withmore degraded soil, with less capital for investment, frequently opt for the partnership with the large biofuel companies, and implement palm monocultures with huge amounts of external… Advisors/Committee Members: UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS (CRUESP), Futemma, Célia Regina Tomiko, 1965- (advisor), Carvalho, Aline Vieira de, 1981- (coadvisor), Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas (institution), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Sociedade (nameofprogram), Rocha, Jansle Vieira (committee member), Homma, Alfredo Kingo Oyama (committee member), Costa, Rosângela Calado da (committee member), Uezu, Alexandre (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Resiliência; Biodiesel; Dende; Sistemas agroflorestais; Resilience; Biofuels; Palm oil; Agroforest systems

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APA (6^th Edition):

Braga, Ana Claudia Rocha, 1. (2017). Entre a monocultura e a diversidade : alternativas para o desenvolvimento rural da região de Tomé-Açu, Pará: Between monoculture and diversity : alternatives for the rural development in the region of Tomé-Açu, Pará. (Thesis). Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Retrieved from http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/322735

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Braga, Ana Claudia Rocha, 1977-. “Entre a monocultura e a diversidade : alternativas para o desenvolvimento rural da região de Tomé-Açu, Pará: Between monoculture and diversity : alternatives for the rural development in the region of Tomé-Açu, Pará.” 2017. Thesis, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/322735.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Braga, Ana Claudia Rocha, 1977-. “Entre a monocultura e a diversidade : alternativas para o desenvolvimento rural da região de Tomé-Açu, Pará: Between monoculture and diversity : alternatives for the rural development in the region of Tomé-Açu, Pará.” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Braga, Ana Claudia Rocha 1. Entre a monocultura e a diversidade : alternativas para o desenvolvimento rural da região de Tomé-Açu, Pará: Between monoculture and diversity : alternatives for the rural development in the region of Tomé-Açu, Pará. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/322735.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Braga, Ana Claudia Rocha 1. Entre a monocultura e a diversidade : alternativas para o desenvolvimento rural da região de Tomé-Açu, Pará: Between monoculture and diversity : alternatives for the rural development in the region of Tomé-Açu, Pará. [Thesis]. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2017. Available from: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/322735

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Toronto

24. Rispoli, Katherine. Life Cycle and Supply Assessment of Aviation Biofuels in the Canadian Context.

Degree: 2014, University of Toronto

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/82669

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The aviation industry established a greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction target of 50% by 2050. With aviation biofuels expected to play a key role, this… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Aviation biofuels; Canada; Life cycle assessment; Oil feedstock; Supply assessment; 0363

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Rispoli, K. (2014). Life Cycle and Supply Assessment of Aviation Biofuels in the Canadian Context. (Masters Thesis). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/82669

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rispoli, Katherine. “Life Cycle and Supply Assessment of Aviation Biofuels in the Canadian Context.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Toronto. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/82669.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rispoli, Katherine. “Life Cycle and Supply Assessment of Aviation Biofuels in the Canadian Context.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Rispoli K. Life Cycle and Supply Assessment of Aviation Biofuels in the Canadian Context. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Toronto; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/82669.

Council of Science Editors:

Rispoli K. Life Cycle and Supply Assessment of Aviation Biofuels in the Canadian Context. [Masters Thesis]. University of Toronto; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/82669

University of Toronto

25. Rispoli, Katherine. Life Cycle and Supply Assessment of Aviation Biofuels in the Canadian Context.

Degree: 2014, University of Toronto

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/82670

►

The aviation industry established a greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction target of 50% by 2050. With aviation biofuels expected to play a key role, this… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Aviation biofuels; Canada; Life cycle assessment; Oil feedstock; Supply assessment; 0363

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Rispoli, K. (2014). Life Cycle and Supply Assessment of Aviation Biofuels in the Canadian Context. (Masters Thesis). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/82670

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rispoli, Katherine. “Life Cycle and Supply Assessment of Aviation Biofuels in the Canadian Context.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Toronto. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/82670.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rispoli, Katherine. “Life Cycle and Supply Assessment of Aviation Biofuels in the Canadian Context.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Rispoli K. Life Cycle and Supply Assessment of Aviation Biofuels in the Canadian Context. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Toronto; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/82670.

Council of Science Editors:

Rispoli K. Life Cycle and Supply Assessment of Aviation Biofuels in the Canadian Context. [Masters Thesis]. University of Toronto; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/82670

University of Missouri – Columbia

26. Zhao, Yulin. How do Brazil's mandated blending requirement and world crude oil price affect international markets.

Degree: 2013, University of Missouri – Columbia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10355/38529

► In recent years, more and more countries and areas have become increasingly concerned with environmental problems, and energy independence goals as a result of the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: biofuels; transport fuel; international markets; crude oil price

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Zhao, Y. (2013). How do Brazil's mandated blending requirement and world crude oil price affect international markets. (Thesis). University of Missouri – Columbia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10355/38529

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhao, Yulin. “How do Brazil's mandated blending requirement and world crude oil price affect international markets.” 2013. Thesis, University of Missouri – Columbia. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/38529.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhao, Yulin. “How do Brazil's mandated blending requirement and world crude oil price affect international markets.” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhao Y. How do Brazil's mandated blending requirement and world crude oil price affect international markets. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Missouri – Columbia; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10355/38529.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Zhao Y. How do Brazil's mandated blending requirement and world crude oil price affect international markets. [Thesis]. University of Missouri – Columbia; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10355/38529

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Anna University

27. Devan, P K. Experimental studies on the performance combustion and emission characteristics of biofuels in a DI diesel engine; -.

Degree: Mechanical Engineering, 2014, Anna University

URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/24771

►

The limited resources and non renewable nature of petroleum fuels have now become a matter of great concern Hence there is an urgent need to… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Biofuel; DI diesel engine; Diesel engine; Emission characteristics; Eucalyptus oil; Mechanical engineering; Paradise oil; Poon oil; Vegetable oil

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Devan, P. K. (2014). Experimental studies on the performance combustion and emission characteristics of biofuels in a DI diesel engine; -. (Thesis). Anna University. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/24771

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Devan, P K. “Experimental studies on the performance combustion and emission characteristics of biofuels in a DI diesel engine; -.” 2014. Thesis, Anna University. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/24771.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Devan, P K. “Experimental studies on the performance combustion and emission characteristics of biofuels in a DI diesel engine; -.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Devan PK. Experimental studies on the performance combustion and emission characteristics of biofuels in a DI diesel engine; -. [Internet] [Thesis]. Anna University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/24771.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Devan PK. Experimental studies on the performance combustion and emission characteristics of biofuels in a DI diesel engine; -. [Thesis]. Anna University; 2014. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/24771

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

28. Vera Lúcia Araújo Leite. PRODUÇÃO DE BIODIESEL E SABÃO A PARTIR DE ÓLEOS RESIDUAIS NA REGIÃO DE MACHADO - MG.

Degree: 2010, Universidade Jose do Rosario Vellano

URL: http://tede.unifenas.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=56

►

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo testar a possibilidade do uso do óleo residual a produção de biodiesel, reduzindo assim a quantidade deste óleo que… (more)

▼

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo testar a possibilidade do uso do óleo residual a produção de biodiesel, reduzindo assim a quantidade deste óleo que é lançada diariamente na rede de esgoto e causa grande parte da poluição dos recursos hídricos. Nos procedimentos laboratoriais foram realizados cinco tratamentos, os quais contaram da produção de biodiesel com uso de óleo refinado de soja pela rota etílica e metílica; produção de biodiesel a partir de óleo residual pela rota etílica com água adicionada no final do processo de transesterificação; obtenção de biodiesel com óleo residual lavado, pela rota etílica, com ou sem água adicionada no final do processo de transesterificação. Foi também testada a produção de biodiesel na usina com óleo refinado de soja e com óleo residual. Os resultados laboratoriais demonstraram que a produção de biodiesel, utilizando o óleo não residual, pela rota metílica, apresenta o mesmo rendimento da rota etílica. A utilização de óleo residual lavado e com adição de água ao final do processo permite produção de biodiesel com qualidade visual semelhante à do óleo não residual através dos procedimentos laboratoriais e com rendimento 5% inferior quando comparado com o óleo não residual. O rendimento de biodiesel na usina foi em torno de 80% para o residual ou não residual, demonstrando que em larga escala o rendimento de biodiesel pode ser inferior aos obtidos nos processos laboratoriais, sendo obtida uma produção média de 300 litros de biodiesel para cada 300 litros de óleo vegetal.

The present study aimed at testing the possibility of using residual oil in biodiesel production, thus reducing the amount of this oil that is released daily in the sewer system and causes much of water pollution. Five treatments were carried through in laboratory procedures. They consisted of biodiesel production with refined soybean oil by methyl and ethylic route; biodiesel production from waste oil by ethylic route with water addition at the end of the transesterification process; biodiesel production from washed residual oil, by alcoholic route, with or without water addition at the end of the transesterification process. The biodiesel production was also tested at the plant with refined soybean oil and residual oil. Laboratory results have shown that the biodiesel production using non-residual oil, by methyl route, has the same yield of the ethylic route. The use of washed residual oil with water addition at the end of the process allows the production of biodiesel with visual quality similar to that of non-residual oil obtained through laboratory procedures and with return 5% lower than non-residual oil. The yield of biodiesel at the plant was around 80% for residual or non-residual, indicating that biodiesel yield may be lower in large-scale production than in laboratory production processes, getting an average production of 300 liters of biodiesel for each 300 liters of vegetable oil.

Advisors/Committee Members: José Messias Miranda, Adriano Bortolotti da Silva, Leonardo Rubim Reis.

Subjects/Keywords: óleo de fritura; óleo vegetal; transesterificação; vegetable oil; transesterification; frying oil; AGRONOMIA

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Leite, V. L. A. (2010). PRODUÇÃO DE BIODIESEL E SABÃO A PARTIR DE ÓLEOS RESIDUAIS NA REGIÃO DE MACHADO - MG. (Thesis). Universidade Jose do Rosario Vellano. Retrieved from http://tede.unifenas.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=56

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Leite, Vera Lúcia Araújo. “PRODUÇÃO DE BIODIESEL E SABÃO A PARTIR DE ÓLEOS RESIDUAIS NA REGIÃO DE MACHADO - MG.” 2010. Thesis, Universidade Jose do Rosario Vellano. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://tede.unifenas.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=56.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Leite, Vera Lúcia Araújo. “PRODUÇÃO DE BIODIESEL E SABÃO A PARTIR DE ÓLEOS RESIDUAIS NA REGIÃO DE MACHADO - MG.” 2010. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Leite VLA. PRODUÇÃO DE BIODIESEL E SABÃO A PARTIR DE ÓLEOS RESIDUAIS NA REGIÃO DE MACHADO - MG. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade Jose do Rosario Vellano; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://tede.unifenas.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=56.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Leite VLA. PRODUÇÃO DE BIODIESEL E SABÃO A PARTIR DE ÓLEOS RESIDUAIS NA REGIÃO DE MACHADO - MG. [Thesis]. Universidade Jose do Rosario Vellano; 2010. Available from: http://tede.unifenas.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=56

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

NSYSU

29. Wu, Yu-lin. Application of emulsified substrate with pH buffering capacity to enhance the bioremediation efficiency of chlorinated-solvent contaminated groundwater.

Degree: Master, Environmental Engineering, 2016, NSYSU

URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0715116-163713

► Groundwater at many existing and former industrial areas and disposal sites are contaminated by chlorinated solvents that were released into the environment. In this study,… (more)

▼ Groundwater at many existing and former industrial areas and disposal sites are contaminated by chlorinated solvents that were released into the environment. In this study, trichloroethylene (TCE) was used as the target compound. Application of in situ anaerobic bioremediation is a feasible technology to remediate TCE-contaminated groundwater. However, enhanced in situ bioremediation requires the injection of primary substrates, which would cause the acidification and odor problems of the subsurface environment. This would deteriorate the groundwater quality and cause the increase in maintenance cost. The objective of this microcosm study was to develop a substrate and buffer solution to enhance the reductive dechlorination of TCE. The buffered colloid substrate can be applied in the saturated zone, which can release substrate from the colloid in the saturated zone. Furthermore, the buffered colloid has the capability for pH control and prevent the decrease in pH value in groundwater. Because vegetable oil has a lower iodine value, it was used as the source of carbon substrate to prevent the acidification problem after its application. Molecular biological techniques were applied to evaluate the variations in microbial diversity during the microcosm study. Results indicate that the emulsified buffered substrate could maintain its stablilization within a 48-hr period. The average diameter of the oil globule was around 0.539 Î¼m analyzed by dynamic light scattering instrument. Up to 93% of TCE can be removed in microcosm with emulsified buffered substrate addition and the pH was maintained at 7 after 140 days of operation. The neutral pH value also resulted in a higher microbial diversity in microcosms. Results from the real-time PCR analyses show that the populations of Dehalococcoides spp. (DHC) increased from 2.3 Ã 102 on day 0 to 5 Ã 103 gene copies/g on day 120. The results indicate that the developed emulsified buffered substrate was able to enhance the DHC and also caused the increase in anaerobic TCE dechlorination rate. Advisors/Committee Members: Chiu-Wen Chen (chair), Cheng-rong Jiang (chair), Chil-Ming Kao (committee member), Kuo-Lin Huang (chair), Andy Hong (chair).

Subjects/Keywords: Chlorinated solvents; trichloroethylene; vegetable oil; buffer solution; molecular biological techniques

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wu, Y. (2016). Application of emulsified substrate with pH buffering capacity to enhance the bioremediation efficiency of chlorinated-solvent contaminated groundwater. (Thesis). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0715116-163713

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wu, Yu-lin. “Application of emulsified substrate with pH buffering capacity to enhance the bioremediation efficiency of chlorinated-solvent contaminated groundwater.” 2016. Thesis, NSYSU. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0715116-163713.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wu, Yu-lin. “Application of emulsified substrate with pH buffering capacity to enhance the bioremediation efficiency of chlorinated-solvent contaminated groundwater.” 2016. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Wu Y. Application of emulsified substrate with pH buffering capacity to enhance the bioremediation efficiency of chlorinated-solvent contaminated groundwater. [Internet] [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0715116-163713.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wu Y. Application of emulsified substrate with pH buffering capacity to enhance the bioremediation efficiency of chlorinated-solvent contaminated groundwater. [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2016. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0715116-163713

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

30. Carvalho, Marnen Almeida. Avaliação do uso de óleos de origem vegetal para formulação de adjuvantes vacinais.

Degree: Mestrado, Tecnologia de Fermentações, 2012, University of São Paulo

URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9134/tde-29092015-082417/ ;

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Os óleos vegetais são matérias primas de fontes renováveis. São metabolizáveis, biodegradáveis, de fácil disponibilidade e baixo custo. A necessidade de adjuvantes vacinais seguros e… (more)

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Os óleos vegetais são matérias primas de fontes renováveis. São metabolizáveis, biodegradáveis, de fácil disponibilidade e baixo custo. A necessidade de adjuvantes vacinais seguros e que possam modular a resposta imunológica Th1/Th2, favorece a busca por novas substâncias que assim se comportem. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar e identificar óleo vegetal capaz de mimetizar ação adjuvante dos óleos minerais comercialmente usados e modular a resposta imune. Foram realizados testes de toxicidade aguda in vivo, testes de formação de emulsões, de estabilidade, de qualidade e, por fim, de imunogenicidade com formulações com o vírus rábico. Algumas formulações derivadas dos óleos de girassol, canola e buriti se mostraram não tóxicas, estáveis e de boa qualidade. Os grupos de camundongos inoculados com estas formulações obtiveram respostas imunológicas que apoiam sua capacidade adjuvante, não diferenciando significativamente (p<0,05) dos resultados do óleo mineral comercial. Concluiu-se que é possível elaborar emulsões estáveis não tóxicas a partir de óleos vegetais para sua utilização como veículos e adjuvantes vacinais. Formulações vacinais em forma de emulsões de óleos vegetais, compostas na sua maior parte pelos óleos de girassol e de canola possuem potência e atividade adjuvante semelhantes e tão eficientes quanto aos do óleo mineral. Os óleos vegetais devem estar em seu estado bruto ou semirrefinado, sem a adição de antioxidantes e conservantes. Por último, parece haver uma tendência de equilíbrio de resposta Th1/Th2 para as formulações com óleos vegetais.

Vegetable oils are renewable raw materials. These substances are metabolizable, biodegradable, of easy availability and low cost. The need for safe vaccine adjuvants that can modulate the Th1/Th2 immune response drives the search for new substances with similar behavior. This study aims to evaluate and identify a vegetable oil able to mimic the adjuvant action of the mineral oils used commercially, and modulate the immune response. There were performed tests of in vivo acute toxicity, emulsion formation, stability, quality and immunogenicity with formulations with rabies virus. Some formulations derived from the sunflower, canola and buriti oils proved to be non-toxic, stable and of good quality. Groups of mice inoculated with these formulations had immune responses supporting their adjuvant capacity, not differing significantly (p <0.05) from the results of the commercial mineral oil. It was concluded that it is possible to prepare stable non-toxic emulsions from vegetable oils to be used as vaccine adjuvants and vehicles. Vaccine formulations as emulsions from vegetable oil, composed mostly by the oils of sunflower and canola had adjuvant activity and potency similar to and as effective as the mineral oil. The vegetable oils should be in its raw state or semi refined, without the addition of antioxidants and preservatives. Finally, there seems to be a tendency to balance Th1/Th2 response by formulations with vegetable oils.

Advisors/Committee Members: Stephano, Marco Antonio.

Subjects/Keywords: Adjuvant; Adjuvante; Óleo vegetal; Rabies; Raiva; Vaccine; Vacina; Vegetable oil

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Carvalho, M. A. (2012). Avaliação do uso de óleos de origem vegetal para formulação de adjuvantes vacinais. (Masters Thesis). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9134/tde-29092015-082417/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Carvalho, Marnen Almeida. “Avaliação do uso de óleos de origem vegetal para formulação de adjuvantes vacinais.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of São Paulo. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9134/tde-29092015-082417/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Carvalho, Marnen Almeida. “Avaliação do uso de óleos de origem vegetal para formulação de adjuvantes vacinais.” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Carvalho MA. Avaliação do uso de óleos de origem vegetal para formulação de adjuvantes vacinais. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9134/tde-29092015-082417/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Carvalho MA. Avaliação do uso de óleos de origem vegetal para formulação de adjuvantes vacinais. [Masters Thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2012. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9134/tde-29092015-082417/ ;

Open Access Theses and Dissertations