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University of Nairobi
1.
Phoebe, Amesa A.
Utilization of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection Bundle Among Critical Care Nurses - Kenyatta National Hospital
.
Degree: 2016, University of Nairobi
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11295/100279 
► Background Majority if not all patients admitted in the Critical Care Units (CCU) have indwelling urinary catheters. These catheters stay for the entire period that…
(more)
▼ Background
Majority if not all patients admitted in the Critical Care Units (CCU) have indwelling urinary catheters. These catheters stay for the entire period that these patients are admitted, hence the risk of developing Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI). Due to the high prevalence of CAUTI worldwide, the Centre of Disease Control (CDC) initiated reduction strategies. These strategies were bundled into prevention care bundles recommended as gold standard in caring for catheterized patients. The prevalence has still remained high even with the introduction of the bundles increasing the morbidity, mortality, hospital stay and cost. Nurses are charged with the responsibility of catheter care making them accountable for the utilization of the CAUTI bundle. This bundle should be utilized all the time during patient care.
Study objective: To determine the extent of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection bundle utilization among critical care nurses at Kenyatta National Hospital.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study on 95 nurses. Cochrane formula was used to determine the sample size which was selected using cluster sampling that comprised of the critical care units. Systematic random sampling was used in each cluster. A structured questionnaire and an observation checklist was used to collect data based on the elements of the bundle. Analysis of data was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Descriptive statistics that is mean, mode, median & standard deviation and inferential statistics that is chi-square test, odds ratio & pearsons’ correlation were used to analyze the data which was presented in form of figures and tables.
Results
The nurses utilized the bundle though some elements were better utilized than others. The nurses who had knowledge on the bundle utilized it 24.1 times more than those who did not [OR 24.1; 95% CI 6.7 - 104; P < 0.01]. It was also noted that utilization of the bundle was 36.2 times higher among the nurses who knew about the bundle elements [OR 36.2; 95% CI 9.98 - 144; P< 0.001]. Generally, the nurses utilized the bundle. They also adhered to the bundle at 49.5% (P>0.005) though there was no statistically significant association between the demographic characteristics and adherence to the bundle. There was a weak correlation between the reported and observed bundle utilization [r = 0.043; 95% CI 0.16 – 0.24; P = 0.678].
Conclusion
Nurses working at Kenyatta National Hospital’s critical care units utilized and adhered to the bundle. There was a weak correlation between the observed and reported bundle utilization. The nurses faced various challenges that hindered their practice on bundle utilization and adherence. The challenges which hindered utilization and adherence to the bundle were resources, resistance to change, lack of audits, continuing medical education and standardized way of practice that is standard operating procedures, checklist. It is therefore recommended that there be continuing…
Subjects/Keywords: Urinary Tract Infection
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APA (6th Edition):
Phoebe, A. A. (2016). Utilization of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection Bundle Among Critical Care Nurses - Kenyatta National Hospital
. (Thesis). University of Nairobi. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11295/100279
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Phoebe, Amesa A. “Utilization of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection Bundle Among Critical Care Nurses - Kenyatta National Hospital
.” 2016. Thesis, University of Nairobi. Accessed December 09, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/11295/100279.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Phoebe, Amesa A. “Utilization of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection Bundle Among Critical Care Nurses - Kenyatta National Hospital
.” 2016. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Phoebe AA. Utilization of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection Bundle Among Critical Care Nurses - Kenyatta National Hospital
. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Nairobi; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11295/100279.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Phoebe AA. Utilization of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection Bundle Among Critical Care Nurses - Kenyatta National Hospital
. [Thesis]. University of Nairobi; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11295/100279
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Uppsala University
2.
Oskarsson, Sofia.
Effekter på antalet vårdrelaterade urinvägsinfektioner av nya rutiner för kateteranvändning.
Degree: Public Health and Caring Sciences, 2009, Uppsala University
URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-112551
► Introduction Every tenth patient in Sweden is affected by nosocomial infections. Among these, urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most frequently occurring within the…
(more)
▼ Introduction Every tenth patient in Sweden is affected by nosocomial infections. Among these, urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most frequently occurring within the hospital environment. Nosocomial infections lead to increasing costs for care, more suffering among the patients, increasing use of antibiotics, and longer treatment spells. The Academic hospital have engaged all wards in the so called VRISS-project (“nosocomial infections must be stopped”) in order to reduce the number of nosocomial infections. Aim In connection to the VRISS-project new routines for removal of uretrahl catheters are introduced at ward 70E2 at the Academic hospital. The new routines imply that the catheter should be removed during the first post-op day. According to the old routines the catheter was to be removed no later than on the third post-op day. The authors of this study choose to investigate whether the new routines for uretrahl catheter removal have any effect on the occurrence of nosocomial UTI’s. Methods The study is a restrospective record study with quantitative, descriptive design. 411 journals from 2007 (188) and 2009 (223) have been reviewed. All patients that underwent knee or hip operations during January, February, March, and April 2007 and 2009 are included in the sample. Results The study shows that the new routines at ward 70E2 had some, but not full, influence on the share of patients with nosocomial UTI. Among women under 71 years of age and men older than 70 years, the number of days with uretrahl catheter and the share of patients with nosocomial UTI have decreased. However, among the younger men (<71 years) and the older women (>70 years) no effects of the new routines are detected. Conclusion To summarize it can be concluded that the routines for how to use uretrahl catheters at ward 70E2 work fairly well. However, the results also show that the number of days with uretrahl catheter and the share of patients with nosocomial UTI among risk patients, above all among the older women, are the same in spite of the new routines for removal of uretrahl catheters. Thus, strategies for detecting risk patients in an early stage can be improved upon. Such measures can reduce the risk for nosocomial UTI among these patients.
Subjects/Keywords: urinary tract infection; nosocomial infection; uretrahl catheter
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APA (6th Edition):
Oskarsson, S. (2009). Effekter på antalet vårdrelaterade urinvägsinfektioner av nya rutiner för kateteranvändning. (Thesis). Uppsala University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-112551
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Oskarsson, Sofia. “Effekter på antalet vårdrelaterade urinvägsinfektioner av nya rutiner för kateteranvändning.” 2009. Thesis, Uppsala University. Accessed December 09, 2019.
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-112551.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Oskarsson, Sofia. “Effekter på antalet vårdrelaterade urinvägsinfektioner av nya rutiner för kateteranvändning.” 2009. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Oskarsson S. Effekter på antalet vårdrelaterade urinvägsinfektioner av nya rutiner för kateteranvändning. [Internet] [Thesis]. Uppsala University; 2009. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-112551.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Oskarsson S. Effekter på antalet vårdrelaterade urinvägsinfektioner av nya rutiner för kateteranvändning. [Thesis]. Uppsala University; 2009. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-112551
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Addis Ababa University
3.
Yamirot, Merga.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Bacterial Uropathogens Isolated from Pediatric Patients at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College
.
Degree: 2014, Addis Ababa University
URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5804
► Abstract Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is considered as the most common bacterial infectious disease seen among the pediatric patients. Objective: This study was carried…
(more)
▼ Abstract
Background:
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is considered as the most common
bacterial infectious disease seen among the pediatric patients.
Objective: This study was carried out in order to determine the antimicrobial
Susceptibility Profile of Bacterial Uropathogens Isolates from Pediatric Patients at Yekatit 12
Hospital Medical College
Materials and Methods Clean voided mid-stream urine specimens were obtained from
patients in sterile universal bottles. Urine collected from each patient was inoculated onto
CLED and blood agar plats using calibrated inoculating loop with a capacity of 0.001ml,
Inoculated plates were incubated for 24- 48 hours at 37°C at inverted position aerobically.
Bacterial isolates were characterized/ indented by gram stain and by using an array of
standard routine biochemical test. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by using
the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion.
Result: The data was analyzed by using SPSS, version 17. Descriptive statistics was
computed for most of the study variables and Frequency distribution tables were used to
describe the findings. In this study a total of 384 pediatric patients (199 males and 185
females) aged between 0 years to 15 years from whom urine sample were collected were
enrolled. Of these patients, 61 (15.9%) had significant bacteriuria. Of the 185 females, 36
(19.5%) have positive cultures while 25 (12.6%) of the 199 males had significant bacteriuria
and the largest number of study subjects were below age 3 years and the largest positive
culture was obtained from this age group, accounting 35 (57.4%.) out of 61 positive culture.
Bacterial species belonging to six genera were isolated and identified from 61 positive
cultures and the genera were Escherichiai, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Proteus, Acnitobacter
and Entrococcus. and E. coli was isolated in 28 cases (28/61, 49.5 %), followed by Klebsilla
spp. in 17 cases (17/61, 27.9%), Staphylococcus spp. in 5 patients (5/61, 8.2%.) ( S. aureus in
one and coagulase negative staphylococci in 4 case), Entrococcus in 7 case (7/61, 11 5%),
Proteus spp. in 3 cases (3/61, 4.9%) ) and Acenitobacte in one case (1/61,1.6%). Of bacterial
isolates E. coli was found out to be the most common pathogen followed by Klebsiella spp..
Furthermore E. coli and klebsiella spp. were the most common pathogen in female patients
accounting 71. 4% and 64.7% respectively. percentage resistance of Klebsilla spp was much
higher when compared to E.coli. Eighty eight percent of Klebsiell spp. were resistant to
8
cefotaxim, ceftazidim, trimetroprimsulfamethoxazole and cefuroxime. Acentobacter spp. was
100% resistances to gentamicin, trimetroprimsulfamethoxazole , agumentin, and nalidixic
acid . But they were 100% susceptible to ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime , norfloxacine,
cefotaxim,chloramphenicol and ceftazidim . On the other hand, proteus spp. were 100%
sensitive to all drugs except nitrofurantion. Species of Entrocuccus were resistance of 71.4%
to chloramphenicol and 85.7% to both…
Advisors/Committee Members: Adane Bitew (MSc, PhD) (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Urinary tract infection (UTI); Bacterial Uropathogens
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APA (6th Edition):
Yamirot, M. (2014). Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Bacterial Uropathogens Isolated from Pediatric Patients at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College
. (Thesis). Addis Ababa University. Retrieved from http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5804
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Yamirot, Merga. “Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Bacterial Uropathogens Isolated from Pediatric Patients at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College
.” 2014. Thesis, Addis Ababa University. Accessed December 09, 2019.
http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5804.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Yamirot, Merga. “Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Bacterial Uropathogens Isolated from Pediatric Patients at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College
.” 2014. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Yamirot M. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Bacterial Uropathogens Isolated from Pediatric Patients at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2014. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5804.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Yamirot M. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Bacterial Uropathogens Isolated from Pediatric Patients at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College
. [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2014. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5804
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet
4.
Preda, Iulian.
Infants with urinary tract infection - renal damage and risk factors.
Degree: 2010, University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/21537
► Background Identification of infants with urinary tract infection (UTI) who are at risk of renal scarring is an important clinical challenge with considerable economic consequences.…
(more)
▼ Background Identification of infants with urinary tract infection (UTI) who are at risk of renal scarring is an important clinical challenge with considerable economic consequences. Few issues in pediatric practice today have been so debated as the appropriate investigation of an infant with UTI. The widespread investigation model with ultrasound (US), voiding cystourethrography (VCU) and renal scintigraphy is extensive and has lately been questioned. Minimising the work-up protocol is an important goal.
Aims The general purpose was to identify risk factors and to reduce the work-up protocol for infants with UTI with maintained clinical safety. Specifically, to assess the replacement of VCU by renal scintigraphy and the value of standard US in the primary investigation of infants with UTI, to evaluate risk factors for permanent renal damage including the usefulness of urinary biomarkers in children with UTI.
Methods 290 consecutive infants with first time symptomatic community acquired UTI were included in this population-based 3-year study. US and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy were performed within a few days from diagnosis and VCU within 2 months. A late DMSA scan one year later was scheduled for patients with abnormal acute scan and for those having a febrile UTI recurrence during the follow-up. Investigations, treatment and management followed the guidelines of the hospital. In addition, analysis of urinary proteins was made in 52 children < 2 years with UTI and in 23 controls with elevated serum CRP (s.CRP)>20 mg/L due to an acute non-UTI infection.
Results Vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) was found in 52 infants. DMSA scan were abnormal in 149 children (51%) and the rate of abnormality increased with VUR grade (p <0.001). Only 1 of the 27 patients with dilating VUR (grade III-V) had normal DMSA scan. Abnormality on US was associated with presence and severity of abnormality on DMSA scan (p=0.006). Renal length was associated with CRP and temperature (p<0.0001).
Important structural abnormality including dilating VUR was found in 40 infants and permanent renal damage in 71. 25 children had febrile UTI recurrence. Renal damage was significantly associated with febrile UTI recurrence. Serum CRP(s-CRP), creatinine, leukocyturia and anterior-posterior diameter of the renal pelvis (APD) were identified as independent predictors of permanent renal damage.
S-CRP was positively correlated with temperature and all the other urinary proteins. Urinary retinol binding protein (u-RBP) and Clara cell protein (u-CC16) were significantly higher in children with UTI than in control children.
Conclusion Acute DMSA scintigraphy was abnormal in infants with UTI when there was dilating VUR. A normal DMSA scan makes VCU unnecessary in the primary examination of infants with UTI. US detected most infants with structural abnormality with the exception of reflux grade III. More children with structural abnormality were diagnosed after UTI than after antenatal diagnosis or because of other clinical symptoms. US is…
Subjects/Keywords: infants; renal damage; urinary tract infection; imaging
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Preda, I. (2010). Infants with urinary tract infection - renal damage and risk factors. (Thesis). University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2077/21537
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Preda, Iulian. “Infants with urinary tract infection - renal damage and risk factors.” 2010. Thesis, University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet. Accessed December 09, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/2077/21537.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Preda, Iulian. “Infants with urinary tract infection - renal damage and risk factors.” 2010. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Preda I. Infants with urinary tract infection - renal damage and risk factors. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet; 2010. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/21537.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Preda I. Infants with urinary tract infection - renal damage and risk factors. [Thesis]. University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/21537
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet
5.
Brandström, Per.
The Swedish Reflux Trial.
Degree: 2010, University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/23085
► Background Small children with dilated vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) run risk of recurrent uri¬nary tract infections (UTI) and to acquire renal damage. To protect them, antibiotic…
(more)
▼ Background
Small children with dilated vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) run risk of recurrent uri¬nary tract infections (UTI) and to acquire renal damage. To protect them, antibiotic prophylaxis and surgery to eliminate VUR have been used. Endoscopic injection of bulking agent at the ure-teral orifice has evolved as alternative surgical method but with insufficient scientific support of long term effect on VUR and rate of renal damage and UTI recurrence. Regarding prophylaxis, there is increasing concern of bacterial resistance and reports of low protective effect.
Aim
The aim of the trial was to evaluate three management strategies for children with dilating VUR, prophylaxis, endoscopic injection and surveillance only. Specific aims were to describe VUR outcome at two year follow-up, pattern and rate of recurrent UTI and how this differs be¬tween the three treatment strategies, and to investigate if prophylaxis or endoscopic injection can reduce rate of progression of established renal defects or new damage.
Patients and methods
From 23 centers, 203 children, 128 girls and 75 boys, aged 1 to less than 2 years, with dilating VUR grade III or IV were randomized to antibiotic prophylaxis (n=69), endoscopic injection (n=66) or surveillance (n=68) and followed for 2 years by regular visits and telephone contacts with special attention to febrile UTIs. Voiding cystourethrography (VCU) and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scintigraphy were performed before randomization and after 2 years. Endoscopic injection with dextranomer hyaluronic acid copolymer was fol¬lowed by postoperative control with ultrasound and VCU. All calculations were done according to the intent to treat principle.
Results
Resolution or downgrading to nondilating VUR was seen in 71% in the endoscopic group, more frequent than in the prophylaxis or surveillance groups, 39% and 47% respectively (p=0.0002 and 0.0030). In 13 children (20% of those in the endoscopy group) with no or non¬dilating VUR after 1-2 injections, dilating VUR reappeared at 2-year follow-up. There were 67 febrile UTIs in 42 girls, significantly more than the 8 infections in 7 boys (p=0.0001). In girls febrile recurrence rate was 8 of 43 (19%) on prophylaxis, 10 of 43 (23%) with endoscopic treat¬ment and 24 of 42 (57%) on surveillance (p=0.0002). The recurrence rate was associated with persistent VUR after 2 years (p=0.0095). In boys recurrence rate was not associated with treat¬ment group or VUR status at entry or follow-up. Renal uptake defect at entry was seen in 124 of 203 children (61%), in 69 of 128 girls (54%) and 55 of 75 boys (73%), being generalized in 30 girls (23%) and in 44 boys (59%) (p<0.0001). The 2-year DMSA scan was performed in 201 children. New renal damage in previously unscarred areas was seen in 13 girls and 2 boys. Of the girls, 8 were on surveillance, 5 in the endoscopic group and none on prophylaxis (p=0.0155). New dam¬age was more common in children with febrile recurrence than without (11 of 49 (22%) vs 4 of 152 (3%), p<0.0001).
Conclusion
In small…
Subjects/Keywords: Vesicoureteral reflux; Urinary tract infection; Renal damage
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APA ·
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to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Brandström, P. (2010). The Swedish Reflux Trial. (Thesis). University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2077/23085
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Brandström, Per. “The Swedish Reflux Trial.” 2010. Thesis, University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet. Accessed December 09, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/2077/23085.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Brandström, Per. “The Swedish Reflux Trial.” 2010. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Brandström P. The Swedish Reflux Trial. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet; 2010. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/23085.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Brandström P. The Swedish Reflux Trial. [Thesis]. University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/23085
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Loyola University Chicago
6.
Johansen, Danielle.
Optimizing Clean Catch Urine Collection and Its
Applications in Urinary Microbiome Studies.
Degree: MS, Microbiology and
Immunology, 2017, Loyola University Chicago
URL: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/3681
► Clean catch was developed before the advancement of more sensitive assays for culturing urinary bacteria. I reassessed clean catch, endeavoring to optimize this method.…
(more)
▼ Clean catch was developed before
the advancement of more sensitive assays for culturing urinary
bacteria. I reassessed clean catch, endeavoring to optimize this
method. Periurethral swabs and voided urines were routinely
collected, while analyzing different aspects of the method. I
determined that midstream urine contained the least amount of
vulvo-vaginal contamination and that the time of collection did not
impact the results. I also determined that the use of antiseptic
wipes prior to void increased the level of vulvo-vaginal
contamination. A small cohort of females collected daily urines
over a 17-day period and kept a strict alcohol diary. Females who
participated in binge drinking showed an acute drop in urinary
Lactobacillus following binge drinking. This study provides us with
a protocol that generates reproducible data with periurethral swabs
and voided urines. It also alerts us to life style factors or
collection procedures that should be avoided prior to sample
collection.
Subjects/Keywords: Alcohol; Clean catch; Lactobacillus; Microbiome; Urinary; Urinary Tract Infection; Microbiology
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Johansen, D. (2017). Optimizing Clean Catch Urine Collection and Its
Applications in Urinary Microbiome Studies. (Thesis). Loyola University Chicago. Retrieved from https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/3681
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Johansen, Danielle. “Optimizing Clean Catch Urine Collection and Its
Applications in Urinary Microbiome Studies.” 2017. Thesis, Loyola University Chicago. Accessed December 09, 2019.
https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/3681.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Johansen, Danielle. “Optimizing Clean Catch Urine Collection and Its
Applications in Urinary Microbiome Studies.” 2017. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Johansen D. Optimizing Clean Catch Urine Collection and Its
Applications in Urinary Microbiome Studies. [Internet] [Thesis]. Loyola University Chicago; 2017. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/3681.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Johansen D. Optimizing Clean Catch Urine Collection and Its
Applications in Urinary Microbiome Studies. [Thesis]. Loyola University Chicago; 2017. Available from: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/3681
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Cambridge
7.
Riding, Alexandra Mary.
Identification and characterisation of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the renal tract
.
Degree: 2019, University of Cambridge
URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/298094
► Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) bear similarities to T-helper (Th) cells, but lack T cell receptors. The three groups mirror the effector functions of Th1, Th2…
(more)
▼ Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) bear similarities to T-helper (Th) cells, but lack T cell receptors. The three groups mirror the effector functions of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells and share the same transcription factors and cytokine profiles. This project focussed on type 3 ILCs (ILC3s) found primarily at mucosal surfaces with roles in immune defence, tolerance and homeostasis. The key aims were to identify ILC3s within the renal tract (bladder, ureter and kidneys) and characterise their role in urinary tract infection (UTI).
UTI is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, accounting for some cases of end stage renal failure. The commonest cause of uncomplicated UTI is Uropathogenic Escherichia coli and we used this organism in murine models to interrogate the role of ILC3s within this setting. The project focussed on three vital components of effective defence: the epithelium, mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) and ILC3s.
Key findings and conclusions
Numbers of ILC3s and MNPs in the renal tract increased during UTI, as did their key products, interleukin 17 (IL-17a), IL-22 and granulocyte macrophage – colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). By using Rag2 knockout mice (lacking T and B lymphocytes), we demonstrated that IL-17 was further decreased by ILC-depletion. Furthermore, we showed reciprocal loss of MNP recruitment, indicating pathways of ILC3-MNP crosstalk during UTI.
Demonstrating a mechanism for ILC3 activation by MNPs through IL-23a and IL-1β production proved challenging, indicating the complexity of the system and requirements for co-stimulation. Similarly, mechanisms of IL-22-induced epithelial repair through production of antimicrobial peptides and induction of cell cycle genes proved multifactorial in origin, but carried particular importance within the bladder.
This project also described ILC3s within the human renal tract by utilising tissues from transplant donors and genomic investigation of tissue-resident cells within the bladder was performed. This novel data will form an invaluable research resource.
Subjects/Keywords: Innate lymphoid cells;
Urinary tract infection;
Bladder;
Renal tract;
Innate immunology
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APA (6th Edition):
Riding, A. M. (2019). Identification and characterisation of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the renal tract
. (Thesis). University of Cambridge. Retrieved from https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/298094
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Riding, Alexandra Mary. “Identification and characterisation of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the renal tract
.” 2019. Thesis, University of Cambridge. Accessed December 09, 2019.
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/298094.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Riding, Alexandra Mary. “Identification and characterisation of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the renal tract
.” 2019. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Riding AM. Identification and characterisation of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the renal tract
. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cambridge; 2019. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/298094.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Riding AM. Identification and characterisation of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the renal tract
. [Thesis]. University of Cambridge; 2019. Available from: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/298094
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Addis Ababa University
8.
Nigatu, Endalafer.
susceptibility patterns in surgical wards and surgical Intensive care unit (SICU) of Tikur Anbessa University Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Degree: 2012, Addis Ababa University
URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2934
► Background: Nosocomial infections are defined as infections which are not present or not incubating when the patient is hospitalized and are acquired during hospital stay.…
(more)
▼ Background: Nosocomial infections are defined as infections which are not present or not
incubating when the patient is hospitalized and are acquired during hospital stay. Sign and
symptoms of the
infection may be evident during hospitalization or after discharge related to
the length of the incubation period. It is usually defined as an
infection that is identified at
least 48-72 hours following admission to health institution. Infections acquired in hospital
are likely to complicate illness, cause anxiety and discomfort, and can lead to death.
Nosocomial
infection is a global problem with multi facet out comes. The problem is well
pronounced in developing countries. Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of
nosocomial infections show variations among countries and even among different hospitals
in the same country. Many of these infections are associated with micro-organisms that are
resistant to multiple antibiotics and can easily spread on the hands of personnel. The most
frequent types of nosocomial infections are
urinary-
tract infection, surgical-wound
infection,
pneumonia, and bloodstream
infection. At present, the emergence of resistance to
antimicrobial agents is a global public health problem, particularly in pathogens causing
nosocomial infections. Antimicrobial resistance results in increased morbidity, mortality and
health-care costs.
Objective: To determine the prevalence, etiological agents and drug susceptibility pattern of
nosocomial infections at Tikur Anbessa University Hospital.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2007 to April 2008 at Tikur
Anbessa University Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. During the study, all adult patients
admitted to surgical wards and SICU with suspected of nosocomial
infection were included.
Among 854 patients admitted to surgical wards and SICU, 215 patients selected based on
their clinical ground, after a careful clinical examination. Clinical samples were collected
from the study
subject and analyzed accordingly.
Results: Eight hundred fifty four patients admitted to surgical ward and SICU between June
2007 and April 2008 to Tikur Anbessa University Hospital in Addis Ababa were studied for
prevalence of nosocomial infections. A total of 215(25.2%) patients, were selected based on
their clinical grounds from surgical wards (n=161) and SICU (n=54). The mean hospital stay
from the date of admission until sample collection was 16.72 days with a range of 3 to 66
days. Of the 215 patients, 130(60.5%) were males and 85 (39.5%) were females. A total of
nine percent (77/854) patients were confirmed to have nosocomial infections. Of the 77
patients, 51(66.2%) were males and 26(33.8%) females. The distribution of nosocomial
infections among positive cases was surgical site
infection 38(49.4%),
urinary tract
infections 23(29.8%) and blood stream
infection 16(20.8%). The Gram-positive and
negative bacteria accounted for 23/84(23.4%) and 61/84(72.6%) respectively. A total of 84
bacterial pathogens (strains) were isolated, E. coli accounted for 19.0% of…
Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Solomon Gebre-Selassie (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Nosocomial infection, Surgical Site Infection,;
Intensive Care Unit;
Urinary Tract Infection;
Blood Stream Infection
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APA (6th Edition):
Nigatu, E. (2012). susceptibility patterns in surgical wards and surgical Intensive care unit (SICU) of Tikur Anbessa University Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
(Thesis). Addis Ababa University. Retrieved from http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2934
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nigatu, Endalafer. “susceptibility patterns in surgical wards and surgical Intensive care unit (SICU) of Tikur Anbessa University Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
” 2012. Thesis, Addis Ababa University. Accessed December 09, 2019.
http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2934.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nigatu, Endalafer. “susceptibility patterns in surgical wards and surgical Intensive care unit (SICU) of Tikur Anbessa University Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
” 2012. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Nigatu E. susceptibility patterns in surgical wards and surgical Intensive care unit (SICU) of Tikur Anbessa University Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[Internet] [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2012. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2934.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Nigatu E. susceptibility patterns in surgical wards and surgical Intensive care unit (SICU) of Tikur Anbessa University Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2012. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2934
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Western Ontario
9.
Whiteside, Samantha Ann.
Contribution of Enterococcus faecalis to urinary tract infection.
Degree: 2018, University of Western Ontario
URL: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5270
► The purpose of this thesis was to increase understanding of enterococcal UTI, in particular, the response of Enterococcus to antibiotic prophylaxis in vitro and in…
(more)
▼ The purpose of this thesis was to increase understanding of enterococcal UTI, in particular, the response of Enterococcus to antibiotic prophylaxis in vitro and in vivo and enterococcal communication with the bladder.
We studied the in vitro effects of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) and nitrofurantoin, two of the antibiotic treatments used most commonly in the management of both urinary tract infection (UTI) and recurrent UTI (RUTI), on Enterococcus faecalis attachment to urothelial cells. In doing so, we documented nitrofurantoin-induced increases in bacterial attachment at growth inhibitory concentrations of nitrofurantoin, but not TMP/SMX. This increased virulence did not correlate with increased expression of virulence factors but was correlated with increased expression of three putative genes.
We then explored whether this corresponded to alterations in bacterial communities throughout antibiotic prophylaxis for paediatric patients with RUTI. Our bacterial culture results indicated uropathogens were present in the urine of children with and without a history of RUTI and that antibiotic prophylaxis induced a transient decrease in uropathogen load. Interestingly, none of our patients were experiencing symptomatic UTI at the time of urine sample collection, yet a significant proportion of midstream urine samples met the clinical threshold for UTI, indicating these patients had asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU). Further, E. faecalis bacterial load was positively correlated with non-E. coli uropathogens, suggesting some patients may be pre-disposed to polymicrobial UTI.
To elucidate mechanisms by which enterococci can mask the host’s perception of UTI, which may also contribute to the polymicrobial nature of E. faecalis UTI, we completed targeted metabolomics of neuroactive molecules in vitro under conditions mimicking the bladder environment. Our results suggest Enterococcus may produce tyramine in the bladder at concentrations that are likely to have a physiological effect on both urothelial cells and cohabiting bacteria.
Our data raises questions about the application of nitrofurantoin to enterococcal UTI and the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis for RUTI. Further, our clinical and in vitro data suggest E. faecalis may contribute more to polymicrobial UTI than previously thought. Indeed, enterococcal production of tyramine may explain the high incidence of enterococci in not only polymicrobial UTI but also other infections.
Subjects/Keywords: Enterococcus faecalis; urinary tract infection; recurrent urinary tract infection; antibiotic prophylaxis; paediatric urology; Bacterial Infections and Mycoses
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APA ·
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CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Whiteside, S. A. (2018). Contribution of Enterococcus faecalis to urinary tract infection. (Thesis). University of Western Ontario. Retrieved from https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5270
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Whiteside, Samantha Ann. “Contribution of Enterococcus faecalis to urinary tract infection.” 2018. Thesis, University of Western Ontario. Accessed December 09, 2019.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5270.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Whiteside, Samantha Ann. “Contribution of Enterococcus faecalis to urinary tract infection.” 2018. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Whiteside SA. Contribution of Enterococcus faecalis to urinary tract infection. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2018. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5270.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Whiteside SA. Contribution of Enterococcus faecalis to urinary tract infection. [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2018. Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5270
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul
10.
Remonatto, Gabriela.
Correlação entre concentração inibitória mínima e níveis urinários de antimicrobianos para o tratamento de infecções no trato urinário.
Degree: 2007, Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10383
► Introdução: As Infecções no trato urinário (ITU) estão entre as doenças infecciosas mais comumente diagnosticadas e são responsáveis por uma grande proporção do consumo de…
(more)
▼ Introdução: As Infecções no trato urinário (ITU) estão entre as doenças infecciosas mais comumente diagnosticadas e são responsáveis por uma grande proporção do consumo de agentes antimicrobianos, sendo a Escherichia coli o microorganismo mais freqüentemente envolvido. Os antimicrobianos utilizados no tratamento das ITU sofrem concentração no processo de eliminação, ocasionando altos níveis de antimicrobiano na urina. No entanto, os testes que avaliam a susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos são baseados em concentrações séricas. Assim, é de interesse a padronização de um teste que utilize níveis urinários (discos de alta potência) dos antimicrobianos frente aos uropatógenos. Objetivo: padronizar teste de susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos para E. coli de ITU, com concentrações de antimicrobianos atingidas na urina. Métodos: foram utilizados 204 isolados bacterianos resistentes a pelo menos um dos seguintes antimicrobianos: ampicilina, cefalotina, ciprofloxacino, gentamicina, sulfametoxazol-trimetoprima(cotrimoxazol) para os quais foi determinada a MIC através de diluição em agar. Através da análise das MIC obtidas e das concentrações que os antimicrobianos atingem na urina, foram estabelecidas as concentrações dos discos de alta concentração. As seguintes concentrações de disco foram utilizadas: ampicilina (500, 400, 300 μg), cefalotina (200, 100 μg) e ciprofloxacino (200, 150 μg). Resultados: a ampicilina apresentou MIC ≥ 512μg/mL para cerca de 50% dos isolados. Dos discos testados, o de 500 μg mostrou melhor coeficiente de correlação de Spearman (rs: -0,659) e foi escolhido para a determinação do ponto de corte através de curva ROC (receiver operating characteristic). Pela curva, um diâmetro de halo de 9 mm separaria as amostras resistentes (R) das susceptíveis (S) a altos níveis de ampicilina com 100% de sensibilidade e especificidade de 50%. A cefalotina apresentou MIC inferior a 256μg/mL para 78% dos isolados sendo que o “rs” para os discos de 100 e 200 μg foi o mesmo: -0,744. Pela curva ROC, halos de 17mm (disco de 200μg) e 13mm (disco de 100μg) discriminariam amostras R de S com 100% de sensibilidade e 96,9% de especificidade. O ciprofloxacino apresentou MIC ≤ 128 μg/mL para mais de 50% dos isolados, sendo que o “rs” foi melhor com o disco de 200μg (rs:-0,916). Um halo de 21mm separaria as amostras S e R com 100% de sensibilidade e 78,9% de especificidade. Para o cotrimoxazol, 95% das amostras se mostraram resistentes a altos níveis e os testes com disco de alta potência não foram realizados. Para a gentamicina o baixo nº de amostras (n=22) prejudicou a análise, mas cerca de 63% dos isolados seriam susceptíveis a altos níveis. Conclusão: O presente estudo demonstrou que o uso de discos de alta concentração pode ser útil para avaliar a susceptibilidade de isolados urinários. Isto tem importância em laboratórios clínicos onde, embora haja dificuldade na realização da MIC, testes de disco-difusão estão incorporados na rotina.
Introduction: The urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common…
Advisors/Committee Members: Barth, Afonso Luis.
Subjects/Keywords: Infecção urinária; Urinary tract infection; Antimicrobianos; E. coli; Escherichia coli; MIC; Urinary concentration of antimicrobials
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Remonatto, G. (2007). Correlação entre concentração inibitória mínima e níveis urinários de antimicrobianos para o tratamento de infecções no trato urinário. (Thesis). Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10383
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Remonatto, Gabriela. “Correlação entre concentração inibitória mínima e níveis urinários de antimicrobianos para o tratamento de infecções no trato urinário.” 2007. Thesis, Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul. Accessed December 09, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10383.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Remonatto, Gabriela. “Correlação entre concentração inibitória mínima e níveis urinários de antimicrobianos para o tratamento de infecções no trato urinário.” 2007. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Remonatto G. Correlação entre concentração inibitória mínima e níveis urinários de antimicrobianos para o tratamento de infecções no trato urinário. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul; 2007. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10383.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Remonatto G. Correlação entre concentração inibitória mínima e níveis urinários de antimicrobianos para o tratamento de infecções no trato urinário. [Thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul; 2007. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10383
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Utah
11.
Kaltenbach, Linda S.
Role of PapI in pyelonephritis-associated pili phase variation in Escherichia coli;.
Degree: PhD, Pathology;, 1997, University of Utah
URL: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd1/id/1646/rec/1165
► The expression of Pap pili alternates between ON (pili+) and OFF (pili-) states, a process called phase variation. Pap phase variation is controlled by Leucine…
(more)
▼ The expression of Pap pili alternates between ON (pili+) and OFF (pili-) states, a process called phase variation. Pap phase variation is controlled by Leucine responsive regulatory protein (Lrp), PapI, and Deoxyadenosine methylase (Dam). Methylation patterns of two GATC sites in the pap regulatory region are established by competition between Dam methylation and Lrp binding. In the phase OFF state, Lrp binds cooperatively to promoter proximal binding sites (1,2,3) and protects GATC-II from methylation whereas GATC-I is methylated. In the phase ON state Lrp binds to distal binding sites (4,5) protecting GATC-I from methylation whereas GATC-II is methylated. Lrp binding to GATC-I required PapI, suggesting that PapI is required for switching to the phase ON state. PapI bound specifically to Lrp-pap DNA complexes, but not Lrp-ilvIH, Lrp in solution or pap DNA. PapI reduced the affinity of Lrp for sites (1,2,3) and increased the affinity for sites (4,5) resulting in translocation of Lrp from the pap GATC-II region to the pap GATC-I region. These observations suggested that Lrp and PapI may directly interact in switching to phase ON. To identify PapI-Lrp binding sites, mutagenesis of papI and lrp was performed. Mutagenesis of papI yielded mutations that resulted in unstable proteins. A novel two color genetic screen was performed to identify pap-specific mutations in lrp. papBA-phoA (blue indicator) and ilvIH-lacZYA (red indicator) fusions generated purple colonies in the presence of wild type lrp. Red colonies were chosen because they contained lrp mutations that could activate ilvIH but not papBA transcription. One mutant, designated Lrp[E133G failed to translocate to GATC-I but was competent for pap and ilvIH DNA binding and PapI-pap DNA binding. Another pap-specific mutation, LrpY115C] may be defective in PapI binding. Furthermore, radiolabeled PapI bound to an Lrp peptide spanning amino acids 105-118. Together, these data indicate that Lrp contains a PapI binding site and a region required for translocation to GATC-I. A model for PapI mediated translocation of Lrp in the phase OFF to phase ON switch is presented.
Subjects/Keywords: Genetics; DNA; Urinary Tract Infection
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APA (6th Edition):
Kaltenbach, L. S. (1997). Role of PapI in pyelonephritis-associated pili phase variation in Escherichia coli;. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Utah. Retrieved from http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd1/id/1646/rec/1165
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kaltenbach, Linda S. “Role of PapI in pyelonephritis-associated pili phase variation in Escherichia coli;.” 1997. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Utah. Accessed December 09, 2019.
http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd1/id/1646/rec/1165.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kaltenbach, Linda S. “Role of PapI in pyelonephritis-associated pili phase variation in Escherichia coli;.” 1997. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Kaltenbach LS. Role of PapI in pyelonephritis-associated pili phase variation in Escherichia coli;. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Utah; 1997. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd1/id/1646/rec/1165.
Council of Science Editors:
Kaltenbach LS. Role of PapI in pyelonephritis-associated pili phase variation in Escherichia coli;. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Utah; 1997. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd1/id/1646/rec/1165
Addis Ababa University
12.
Yemisrach, Getu.
PREVALENCE AND DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION AMONG HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS ATTENDING ALERT CENTER, ADDIS ABEBA ETHIOPIA
.
Degree: 2015, Addis Ababa University
URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/7006
► Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common types of bacterial infections in humans occurring both in the community and the health…
(more)
▼ Background:
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common types of bacterial infections in humans occurring both in the community and the health care settings. UTI rank high amongst the most common causes that compel an individual to seek medical attention. HIV/AIDS is one of the greatest public health crisis faced by the global community without a complete cure. UTI represents a considerable health problem amongst HIV infected patients. Objective; to determine the prevalence and drug susceptibility pattern of bacteria associated with UTI among HIV positive patients. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in ALERT Center Addis Ababa Ethiopia from September to January 2015 among 165 adult HIV patients. Midstream urine (MSU) was collected from the study participants with sterile wide mouthed urine cups. Urine samples were inoculated in to Blood agar, MacConkey and Cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient and biochemical tests were performed to identify isolates. Drug susceptibility pattern of isolates was determined using the disc diffusion techniques. Data were analyzed using SPSS version-20 software package. Chi – square (X2) test was used to compare categorical data and to compare associations between proportions. Differences were considered significant when the p-values were < 0.05 at 95% confidences limit. Result: Among the total 165 study participants 114 were females and the remaining 51 were males and the mean of age was 37.9. The overall prevalence of UTI was 15.7. High bacterial isolates were found in asymptomatic study participants than symptomatic HIV positive patients. Among Gram negative isolates Escherichia coli were the leading cause of UTI followed by Gram positive isolates Staphylococci aureus. Most bacterial isolates were resistant to Amp, TE, P and SXT and Gentamicin were susceptible for all isolates. Conclusion: the prevalence of UTI was high, and both Gram-negative and Gram positive organisms were causes of UTIs. In this study the chance of acquiring UTI was higher among females than males. UTI prevalence was also high among study participants those have previous history of catheterization and UTI. E. coli were the most predominant organisms followed by Staphylococci aureus and most of the bacterial isolates were sensitive to Gentamicin, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacine, Oxacilin and Nitrofurantion. Multi-drug resistance bacteria were common.
XI
Key words: Asymptomatic UTI, Symptomatic UTI,
urinary tract infection, HIV/AIDS, Ethiopia
Advisors/Committee Members: Ibrahim Ali (PhD) (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Asymptomatic UTI; Symptomatic UTI; urinary tract infection; HIV/AIDS; Ethiopia
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Yemisrach, G. (2015). PREVALENCE AND DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION AMONG HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS ATTENDING ALERT CENTER, ADDIS ABEBA ETHIOPIA
. (Thesis). Addis Ababa University. Retrieved from http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/7006
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Yemisrach, Getu. “PREVALENCE AND DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION AMONG HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS ATTENDING ALERT CENTER, ADDIS ABEBA ETHIOPIA
.” 2015. Thesis, Addis Ababa University. Accessed December 09, 2019.
http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/7006.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Yemisrach, Getu. “PREVALENCE AND DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION AMONG HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS ATTENDING ALERT CENTER, ADDIS ABEBA ETHIOPIA
.” 2015. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Yemisrach G. PREVALENCE AND DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION AMONG HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS ATTENDING ALERT CENTER, ADDIS ABEBA ETHIOPIA
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2015. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/7006.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Yemisrach G. PREVALENCE AND DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION AMONG HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS ATTENDING ALERT CENTER, ADDIS ABEBA ETHIOPIA
. [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2015. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/7006
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Debrecen
13.
Portugheis, Omri.
Pharmacological treatment of urinary tract infection
.
Degree: DE – Általános Orvostudományi Kar, University of Debrecen
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2437/242801
► This work deals with the current knowledge regarding the pathology, treatment and prevention of urinary tract infection in adult males. The rational is to provide…
(more)
Subjects/Keywords: Pharmacology;
Therapy;
Urinary tract infection
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APA (6th Edition):
Portugheis, O. (n.d.). Pharmacological treatment of urinary tract infection
. (Thesis). University of Debrecen. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2437/242801
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Portugheis, Omri. “Pharmacological treatment of urinary tract infection
.” Thesis, University of Debrecen. Accessed December 09, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/2437/242801.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Portugheis, Omri. “Pharmacological treatment of urinary tract infection
.” Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Vancouver:
Portugheis O. Pharmacological treatment of urinary tract infection
. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Debrecen; [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2437/242801.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
No year of publication.
Council of Science Editors:
Portugheis O. Pharmacological treatment of urinary tract infection
. [Thesis]. University of Debrecen; Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2437/242801
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
No year of publication.
Washington University in St. Louis
14.
Lau, Megan Elizabeth.
The Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Effector YbcL Modulates the Innate Immune Response in the Urinary Tract.
Degree: PhD, Biology & Biomedical Sciences (Molecular Microbiology & Microbial Pathogenesis), 2013, Washington University in St. Louis
URL: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/1042
► Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the primary etiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs), one of the most common bacterial infections afflicting the human population.…
(more)
▼ Uropathogenic
Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the primary etiology of
urinary tract infections (UTIs), one of the most common bacterial infections afflicting the human population. While UPEC cause disease throughout the
urinary tract, bladder
infection, or cystitis, is most prevalent. A key aspect of UPEC pathogenesis in the bladder is the modulation of the host inflammatory response. At acute time points, UPEC delay the arrival of immune cells, such as neutrophils, to the bladder. The lack of neutrophils in the bladder lumen enables UPEC to replicate freely in the urine and invade the bladder epithelium, a requirement for bacterial persistence, in the absence of immune pressure. The UPEC products responsible for delaying the arrival of immune cells to the bladder had not been identified.
This thesis work identified a bacterial protein, YbcL, that was modestly up-regulated upon UPEC exposure to either cultured bladder epithelial cells or human neutrophils. We demonstrated that YbcL suppressed the migration of neutrophils across bladder epithelia in an in vitro model of transuroepithelial neutrophil migration and an in vivo murine model of cystitis. Suppression of PMN migration by YbcL was dependent upon the presence of threonine at position 78 (T78). In fact, T78 in YbcL is highly conserved in clinical UPEC isolates, suggesting that inhibition of neutrophil migration across epithelial barriers by YbcL is a conserved mechanism of immune modulation among UPEC.
Using a number of complementary approaches, we demonstrated that liberation of YbcL from the bacterial periplasm was required for suppression of neutrophil migration across a bladder epithelium. YbcL was detected in the supernatant and in association with bladder epithelial cells and neutrophils. Release of YbcL from the periplasm occurred in a manner that was dependent upon the concentration of YbcL in the periplasm, the duration of the
infection and the presence of bladder epithelial cells. Although YbcL was soluble in the supernatant, we demonstrated that YbcL was not secreted from the periplasm by a canonical secretion system. Despite the apparent absence of a dedicated secretion system, these findings demonstrate that YbcL functions as an exoprotein.
Investigations into the mechanism underlying suppression of neutrophil migration by YbcL revealed that YbcL did not influence the production of chemoattractant molecules by bladder epithelial cells or bacteria or the ability of neutrophils to chemotax in response to stimuli, requirements for neutrophils to traverse epithelial barriers. This work identified and began the characterization of a bacterial protein, YbcL, that contributes to modulation of the innate immune response by UPEC. Additional experimentation is required to elucidate the importance of T78, the mode of delivery of YbcL from the periplasm, and the mechanism of action of YbcL. By delaying the arrival of immune cells, the activity of YbcL likely facilitates formation of…
Advisors/Committee Members: David A. Hunstad, Douglas E. Berg, Michael G. Caparon, Daniel E. Goldberg, David B. Haslam, Jeffrey P. Henderson, Scott J. Hultgren.
Subjects/Keywords: bladder epithelia, neutrophil, urinary tract infection, uropathogenic Escherichia coli; Biology
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Lau, M. E. (2013). The Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Effector YbcL Modulates the Innate Immune Response in the Urinary Tract. (Doctoral Dissertation). Washington University in St. Louis. Retrieved from https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/1042
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lau, Megan Elizabeth. “The Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Effector YbcL Modulates the Innate Immune Response in the Urinary Tract.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis. Accessed December 09, 2019.
https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/1042.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lau, Megan Elizabeth. “The Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Effector YbcL Modulates the Innate Immune Response in the Urinary Tract.” 2013. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Lau ME. The Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Effector YbcL Modulates the Innate Immune Response in the Urinary Tract. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Washington University in St. Louis; 2013. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/1042.
Council of Science Editors:
Lau ME. The Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Effector YbcL Modulates the Innate Immune Response in the Urinary Tract. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Washington University in St. Louis; 2013. Available from: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/1042
Washington University in St. Louis
15.
Shields-Cutler, Robin Reid.
Escherichia coli Iron Acquisition Paradigms and Host Responses in the Human Urinary Milieu.
Degree: PhD, Biology & Biomedical Sciences (Molecular Microbiology & Microbial Pathogenesis), 2015, Washington University in St. Louis
URL: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/582
► Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are some of the most common bacterial infections worldwide and are increasingly complicated by high antibiotic resistance and recurrence rates.…
(more)
▼ Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are some of the most common bacterial infections worldwide and are increasingly complicated by high antibiotic resistance and recurrence rates. Explanations for the marked individual differences in UTI susceptibility remain incomplete. In this thesis we show that
urinary colonization by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is influenced by urine composition and the activity of an important innate immune protein, siderocalin (SCN; also called lipocalin 2 or neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin/NGAL). During UTI, host factors limit the availability of iron, an essential nutrient for the invading pathogen. In response, UPEC modify the
urinary environment with metal binding siderophores, some of which are bound by the soluble protein SCN. Interactions between these opposing factors during early UPEC colonization determine the pathogen’s ability to successfully acquire iron and grow to a density sufficient to cause
infection. SCN has been described at length as an antimicrobial protein, exerting its effect by sequestering certain ferric siderophores. This has led to the hypothesis that a pathogen’s additional, non-SCN-binding siderophores are adaptations to this host pressure; however, the role of individual siderophores has been shown in some models to depend greatly on the
infection environment. Because human urine is chemically complex and distinct from other sites of
infection, we first investigated SCN’s effect on uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) growth in human urine from a healthy reference population. Using genetic deletions, chemical inhibition, and chemical complementation, we observed enterobactin siderophore expression to be a key factor permitting UPEC growth in SCN-supplemented human urine from a subset of individuals. Because SCN neutralizes enterobactin in non-
urinary experimental systems, this result suggests a determinative role for urine-specific components in manipulating antimicrobial paradigms. Our initial inquiry showed dramatic variability in SCN’s antimicrobial activity between individuals’ urine specimens. We next used these individual differences as an independent variable, defining groups of high and low activity, in order to investigate the
urinary factors controlling SCN activity. Chemical and demographic comparisons yielded a significant positive correlation between SCN activity and elevated urine pH. To determine whether further individual differences arose from differences in
urinary small molecule composition (the
urinary metabolome), we compared individuals using a mass spectrometry-based metabolomic approach. This approach identified aryl alcohols as significant correlates with SCN activity. These results support a model in which the
urinary environment is able to influence
urinary tract colonization by pathogens. To further understand how these
urinary metabolites may contribute to SCN antimicrobial activity, we sought to identify key metabolite cofactors present in restrictive urine specimens that actively participate in SCN’s…
Advisors/Committee Members: Jeffrey P Henderson, Thomas J Brett, Michael G Caparon, Daniel E Goldberg, Clay F Semenkovich, Timothy A Wencewicz.
Subjects/Keywords: Escherichia coli, iron, metabolomics, siderocalin, siderophores, urinary tract infection; Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Shields-Cutler, R. R. (2015). Escherichia coli Iron Acquisition Paradigms and Host Responses in the Human Urinary Milieu. (Doctoral Dissertation). Washington University in St. Louis. Retrieved from https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/582
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Shields-Cutler, Robin Reid. “Escherichia coli Iron Acquisition Paradigms and Host Responses in the Human Urinary Milieu.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis. Accessed December 09, 2019.
https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/582.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Shields-Cutler, Robin Reid. “Escherichia coli Iron Acquisition Paradigms and Host Responses in the Human Urinary Milieu.” 2015. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Shields-Cutler RR. Escherichia coli Iron Acquisition Paradigms and Host Responses in the Human Urinary Milieu. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Washington University in St. Louis; 2015. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/582.
Council of Science Editors:
Shields-Cutler RR. Escherichia coli Iron Acquisition Paradigms and Host Responses in the Human Urinary Milieu. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Washington University in St. Louis; 2015. Available from: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/582
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
16.
Laarey, Gariba George Apaakali.
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites and Urinary Tract Infections among HIV Seropositive Patients in Relation to their Immune Levels at the Bomso Specialist Hospital, Kumasi Ghana.
Degree: 2015, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
URL: http://dspace.knust.edu.gh:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6869
► Gastrointestinal parasitic infections (GPI) and urinary tract infections (UTI) have contributed to the progression of HIV causing significant morbidity and mortality among HIV positive patients.…
(more)
▼ Gastrointestinal parasitic infections (GPI) and urinary tract infections (UTI) have contributed to the progression of HIV causing significant morbidity and mortality among HIV positive patients.
This study aimed at detecting the prevalence of GPI and UTI among HIV seropositive patients.
A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 256 HIV positive patients attending the Outpatient Department of the Bomso Specialist Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana from November 2010 to April 2011. Venous blood, stool and midstream urine samples were collected from each patient. Stool samples were processed using the formol-ether concentration technique and stained by the Modified Ziehl-Neelson staining procedure. CD4 T-cell counts were measured by the FACS Count System using the FACS Flow Cytometer. Urine specimens were examined microscopically and cultured for pathogens.
The overall prevalence of GPI was 18.8%. The most common intestinal parasites were Giardia lamblia 19 (39.6%) and Entamoeba histolytica 11 (22.9%). Other parasites included Ascaris lumbricoides (6.3%), Strongyloides stercoralis (4.2%), Taenia spp (4.2%), Cryptosporidium parvum (2.1%), Trichuris trichiura (2.1%), and Isospora belli (2.1%). Age and gender did not have any significant association with GPI (p>0.05) although higher prevalence was observed among females (12.9%) than male (5.9%) and age group 36-45 (6.6%). Most diarrhoea causing parasites were Giardia lamblia (100%), followed by Entamoeba histolytica (36.4%), A. lumbricoides (33.3%) and S. stercoralis (31.6%). Participants with CD4 counts <200 cells/ L had higher and significant (p<0.0001) prevalence rates of parasitic infection (8.6%) than those without infection (4.3%). Mean CD4 count was lower (275.8 ± 18.0) and statistically significant (p<0.0001) among participants with intestinal parasite infections than those without the infections (485.3 ± 21.5). Urban settlement, pipe borne water usage, preparing food in open space, use of KVIP, diarrhoea and the knowledge of dewormers had a significant association with GPI (P<0.05). Most of the UTI was due to Escherichia coli (29.4%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (20.6%) and Candida albicans (20.6%). A prevalence of 8.8% was recorded for Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris and Salmonella typhi isolates while Shigella spp were the least isolated pathogen (2.9%). A significant (p<0.0001) and higher proportion of females (59.8%) than males (0.8%) had bacterial infections. The age group with highest frequency was 36-45 (5.5%), the most infected group (54.5%) of UTI was observed amongst participants with CD4 counts <200 cells/ L. UTI infected participants recorded a lower level of CD4 count (273.2± 20.1) than those without the infections (472.5 ± 14.4). The overall prevalence of UTI was 13.3%.
The co-existence of GPI and UTI among HIV infected patients in the study area is significant. This calls for intensive public health education on improvement of environmental sanitation and good personal hygiene practices. HIV patients undergoing HAART must also be…
Subjects/Keywords: Gastrointestinal parasite; Urinary tract infection; Human immunodeficiency virus; CD4 count
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Laarey, G. G. A. (2015). Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites and Urinary Tract Infections among HIV Seropositive Patients in Relation to their Immune Levels at the Bomso Specialist Hospital, Kumasi Ghana. (Thesis). Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://dspace.knust.edu.gh:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6869
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Laarey, Gariba George Apaakali. “Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites and Urinary Tract Infections among HIV Seropositive Patients in Relation to their Immune Levels at the Bomso Specialist Hospital, Kumasi Ghana.” 2015. Thesis, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. Accessed December 09, 2019.
http://dspace.knust.edu.gh:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6869.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Laarey, Gariba George Apaakali. “Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites and Urinary Tract Infections among HIV Seropositive Patients in Relation to their Immune Levels at the Bomso Specialist Hospital, Kumasi Ghana.” 2015. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Laarey GGA. Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites and Urinary Tract Infections among HIV Seropositive Patients in Relation to their Immune Levels at the Bomso Specialist Hospital, Kumasi Ghana. [Internet] [Thesis]. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; 2015. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: http://dspace.knust.edu.gh:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6869.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Laarey GGA. Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites and Urinary Tract Infections among HIV Seropositive Patients in Relation to their Immune Levels at the Bomso Specialist Hospital, Kumasi Ghana. [Thesis]. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; 2015. Available from: http://dspace.knust.edu.gh:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6869
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
17.
Smee, Nicole.
Investigations into the urinary tract.
Degree: MS, Department of Clinical
Sciences, 2012, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14174
► A urinary tract infection (UTI) is defined as a temporary or permanent breach in host defense mechanisms that allows microbes to adhere, multiply, and persist…
(more)
▼ A
urinary tract infection (UTI) is defined as a
temporary or permanent breach in host defense mechanisms that
allows microbes to adhere, multiply, and persist within the
urinary
tract. Development of a UTI is multi-factorial with bacterial
number and virulence and the health status of the patient (normal
urogenital
tract anatomy and physiology and systemic
immunocompetence) playing important roles in determining the
outcome. A UTI can involve a single site, such as the renal pelvis,
ureter, bladder, urethra, prostate or vagina, or can include
multiple sites.
Infection of any portion of the
urinary tract may
increase the likelihood of
infection in other locations.
Diagnosis of a UTI incorporates findings from the history, physical
examination, complete urinalysis, and urine culture. Proper
classification and localization of the UTI are important when
formulating a treatment regime as well as evaluating treatment
success and failure. Most UTI can be successfully managed with
appropriate antibiotic treatment; however, bacterial resistance and
compromised host defense mechanisms can result in persistent or
recurrent infections. In patients with recurrent UTI,
identification of underlying predisposing conditions will often
improve treatment success. In patients where underlying causes
cannot be identified or treated, therapies designed to prevent
recurrent UTI may be employed.
Proanthrocyanidins found in
cranberry juice inhibit E. coli attachment to human uroepithelial
cells, impairing bacterial adherence and colonization. These
characteristics have encouraged widespread usage of cranberry
extract as a prevention strategy for woman predisposed to
urinary
tract infections. E. coli is a common cause of canine
urinary tract
infection. Current treatment emphasizes eradication of established
infection rather than
infection prevention, but increased
antibiotic resistance necessitates strategies to prevent
infection.
We hypothesized that purified cranberry extract (CE) inhibits
bacterial adhesion to canine uroepithelial cells. The results of
our study show that CE supplementation can reduce adhesion of
uropathogenic E. coli to canine uroepithelium and suggests one
mechanism by which CE might improve
urinary tract
health.
Advisors/Committee Members: Greg Grauer.
Subjects/Keywords: Urinary
Tract Infection;
Enzymuria;
Cranberry; Veterinary Medicine (0778)
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Smee, N. (2012). Investigations into the urinary tract. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14174
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Smee, Nicole. “Investigations into the urinary tract.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed December 09, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14174.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Smee, Nicole. “Investigations into the urinary tract.” 2012. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Smee N. Investigations into the urinary tract. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2012. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14174.
Council of Science Editors:
Smee N. Investigations into the urinary tract. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14174
Duke University
18.
Chan, Cheryl Yuen Yu.
Characterizing Bladder Adaptive Immune Responses to Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Infections
.
Degree: 2012, Duke University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5603
► The mammalian urinary bladder is a highly specialized organ that must be able to withstand considerable amounts of osmotic pressure at its mucosal surface,…
(more)
▼ The mammalian
urinary bladder is a highly specialized organ that must be able to withstand considerable amounts of osmotic pressure at its mucosal surface, in addition to maintaining an impenetrable barrier against potential pathogens. The lower
urinary tract's virtually inevitable exposure to external microbial pathogens warrants efficient tissue-specialized defenses to maintain sterility. The observation that the bladder can become chronically infected with uropathogenic E.coli (UPEC) in combination with clinical observations that antibody responses following bladder infections are not detectable, suggest defects in the formation of adaptive immunity and immunological memory. We have identified a broadly immunosuppressive transcriptional program specific to the bladder, but not the kidney, during
infection of the
urinary tract that is dependent on tissue-resident mast cells. This mast cell-dependent phenomenon involves localized production of IL-10 and results in suppressed humoral and cell-mediated responses and bacterial persistence. Therefore, in addition to the previously described role of mast cells orchestrating the early innate immune responses in the bladder during
infection, they subsequently play a tissue-specific immunosuppressive role. These findings may explain the prevalent recurrence of bladder infections and suggest the bladder as a site exhibiting an intrinsic degree of mast cell-maintained immune privilege. Interestingly, though the bladder is not capable of initiating an effective adaptive immune response during bladder infections, we have generated data showing that it was possible to circumvent the immune limitations of the bladder to provoke a strong adaptive and protective immune response by vaccinating against UPEC at an alternate mucosal site. We reasoned that by immunizing the nasal regions of mice with a vaccine formulation comprising of FimH adhesin, a highly conserved adhesive moiety of type 1 fimbriae expressed on UPEC, and an effective mucosal adjuvant we would evoke protective immunity against UPEC infections. We found that a FimH vaccine coupled with either a mast cell activating adjuvant c48/80 or CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, a TLR9 agonist, evoked high levels of FimH specific IgG antibody in the serum and IgA in the urine of immunized mice. We also observed that following UPEC challenge, these FimH/adjuvant immunized mice exhibited significantly reduced bacterial load in the bladders compared to mice challenged with just FimH. These studies reveal that immunization of nasal regions with a FimH vaccine is an effective strategy to overcome the limitation in adaptive immunity observed in the bladder.
Advisors/Committee Members: Abraham, Soman N (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Immunology;
Microbiology;
Adaptive Immunity;
Immunosuppression;
Mast cell;
Urinary Tract Infection;
Vaccine
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APA ·
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CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Chan, C. Y. Y. (2012). Characterizing Bladder Adaptive Immune Responses to Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Infections
. (Thesis). Duke University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5603
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chan, Cheryl Yuen Yu. “Characterizing Bladder Adaptive Immune Responses to Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Infections
.” 2012. Thesis, Duke University. Accessed December 09, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5603.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chan, Cheryl Yuen Yu. “Characterizing Bladder Adaptive Immune Responses to Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Infections
.” 2012. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Chan CYY. Characterizing Bladder Adaptive Immune Responses to Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Infections
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Duke University; 2012. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5603.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Chan CYY. Characterizing Bladder Adaptive Immune Responses to Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Infections
. [Thesis]. Duke University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5603
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of New South Wales
19.
Bossa, Josephine Laetitia.
Methods for tracking the microbiome of neurogenic bladders and the effect of probiotic treatment and urinary tract infection on microbial community composition.
Degree: Community Medicine, 2015, University of New South Wales
URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/55682
;
https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:38480/SOURCE02?view=true
► Long-term catheterisation, such as in spinal cord injured patients, increases the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI). Urine culture, the standard UTI diagnostic test, limits…
(more)
▼ Long-term catheterisation, such as in spinal cord injured patients, increases the risk of
urinary tract infection (UTI). Urine culture, the standard UTI diagnostic test, limits the scope of detectable microorganisms, whereas molecular methods allow for the identification of culturable and unculturable microorganisms. This study followed a cohort of patients enrolled in a probiotic clinical trial to determine how the
urinary tract microflora changed as a function of probiotic treatment and UTI status. Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) and next-generation sequencing revealed that
urinary catheter biofilms were diverse and differed significantly between individuals. For a given
subject, the types and relative abundances of taxa within the microbiome were altered as a result of ingesting probiotics, with significant changes in community composition pre and post probiotic therapy. The onset of symptomatic UTI was also associated with significant fluctuations in the microbial community. Disturbances in the flora associated with probiotic therapy and
infection were evident when examining a single individual across time, but less clear in a cohort of individuals. Likewise, grouping patients by UTI history did not reveal distinctions between those with recurrent symptomatic
infection as opposed to the asymptomatic. High inter-patient variability may make patterns in the flora difficult to detect when examining multiple subjects. For a given patient, T-RFLP and sequencing generated similar patterns in community composition. However, dominant organisms isolated by urine culture did not match those identified by sequencing
urinary catheter flora. Urine cultures revealed a narrower range of organisms, and at times no bacterial growth compared to corresponding sequence data from catheters. This suggests that T-RFLP and sequencing of biofilm dwelling bacteria should be incorporated into methods of investigating
urinary tract infection. Longitudinal examination of the individual over time may be the best way to monitor changes in
urinary tract flora. T-RFLP is a relatively cheap and rapid technique that can be used to examine changes to the patient's
urinary tract flora, which may predict
infection and can be used as a diagnostic tool for UTI management.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lee, Bon San Bonne, Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Rice, Scott, Centre for Marine Biofouling & Bioinnovation, Faculty of Science, UNSW.
Subjects/Keywords: Urinary tract infection; Microbiome; Meta-community analysis; T-RFLP; Biofilms; Catheter associated infection; Neurogenic bladder
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Bossa, J. L. (2015). Methods for tracking the microbiome of neurogenic bladders and the effect of probiotic treatment and urinary tract infection on microbial community composition. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/55682 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:38480/SOURCE02?view=true
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bossa, Josephine Laetitia. “Methods for tracking the microbiome of neurogenic bladders and the effect of probiotic treatment and urinary tract infection on microbial community composition.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New South Wales. Accessed December 09, 2019.
http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/55682 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:38480/SOURCE02?view=true.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bossa, Josephine Laetitia. “Methods for tracking the microbiome of neurogenic bladders and the effect of probiotic treatment and urinary tract infection on microbial community composition.” 2015. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Bossa JL. Methods for tracking the microbiome of neurogenic bladders and the effect of probiotic treatment and urinary tract infection on microbial community composition. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2015. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/55682 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:38480/SOURCE02?view=true.
Council of Science Editors:
Bossa JL. Methods for tracking the microbiome of neurogenic bladders and the effect of probiotic treatment and urinary tract infection on microbial community composition. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2015. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/55682 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:38480/SOURCE02?view=true
20.
Ranfaing, Jérémy.
Etudes des activités anti-adhérentielles et anti-bactériennes de la canneberge (Vaccinium macrocarpon) et de la propolis : Study of the anti-adherential and anti-bacterial effect of cranberryand propolis.
Degree: Docteur es, Biologie Santé, 2017, Montpellier
URL: http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT122
► L’infection urinaire (IU) est un problème majeur de Santé publique. La cystite aiguë touchant principalement les femmes est la plus fréquente des IU. La bactérie…
(more)
▼ L’infection urinaire (IU) est un problème majeur de Santé publique. La cystite aiguë touchant principalement les femmes est la plus fréquente des IU. La bactérie la plus fréquemment isolée au cours de ces IU est Escherichia coli. Une des particularités de la cystite est sa propension à récidiver. Le traitement préconisé pour ces infections est la prise d’antibiotiques, qui peut être fréquente en cas de cystites récidivantes. C’est dans ce contexte que de nouvelles stratégies doivent être développées afin de prévenir et traiter les IU récidivantes. Parmi ces différentes stratégies, l’utilisation de produits naturels tels que la canneberge (Vaccinium macrocarpon) apparaît comme prometteuse. En effet, des études précédentes ont montré que la canneberge a un effet négatif sur l’adhésion des bactéries aux cellules superficielles de l’épithélium vésical facilitant l’élimination des bactéries par le flux urinaire. Cette activité est portée par la proanthocyanidine de type A (PAC-A). D’autre part, une étude menée par notre équipe a montré que l’effet de la canneberge sur l’adhésion et la virulence de souches d’E. coli uropathogènes pouvait être potentialisé par l’ajout d’un autre composé naturel : la propolis. Depuis l’Antiquité ses propriétés anti-bactériennes sont reconnues et des études plus récentes ont démontré son impact sur des bactéries à Gram positif mais également sur deux bactéries à Gram négatif : E. coli et Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ce travail de thèse a permis : i) de décrire l’impact de la canneberge, de la propolis et de leur association sur le transcriptome d’une souche clinique d’E. coli uropathogène (G50). Cette analyse transcriptomique a montré que la canneberge entrainait une sous-expression de gènes liés à l’adhésion, mais également de gènes liés à la mobilité et à la formation de biofilm. En revanche, la canneberge augmentait l’expression des gènes liés au métabolisme du fer ainsi qu’à la réponse au stress. Ces effets étaient potentialisés par l’ajout de la propolis. En parallèle, des tests phénotypiques menés sur une collection de souches d’E. coli uropathogènes sur la mobilité et la formation de biofilm ont confirmé les résultats précédents ; ii) de développer un test, basé sur les précédents travaux de transcriptomique, permettant une évaluation standardisée de l’effet de la PAC-A sur E. coli, indépendamment de sa concentration car il n’existe pas de techniques standardisées pour doser cette molécule. C’est ainsi que 4 gènes (tsr, ftnA, fecB, feoB) ont été sélectionnés, le suivi de leur expression permettant une mesure de l’activité anti-bactérienne de la canneberge; iii) de mesurer l’effet potentialisateur de la propolis sur l’activité des antibiotiques utilisés dans le traitement des IU. C’est ainsi qu’il a été montré que l’ajout de la propolis permettait d’augmenter l’activité bactéricide des antibiotiques testés et de diminuer les concentrations minimales inhibitrices de ces antibiotiques.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a major problem of public health. Acute cystitis which touches mostly…
Advisors/Committee Members: Sotto, Albert (thesis director).
Subjects/Keywords: Infection urinaire; Canneberge; Propolis; Escherichia coli; Urinary Tract Infection; Cranberry; Propolis; Escherichia coli
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APA (6th Edition):
Ranfaing, J. (2017). Etudes des activités anti-adhérentielles et anti-bactériennes de la canneberge (Vaccinium macrocarpon) et de la propolis : Study of the anti-adherential and anti-bacterial effect of cranberryand propolis. (Doctoral Dissertation). Montpellier. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT122
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ranfaing, Jérémy. “Etudes des activités anti-adhérentielles et anti-bactériennes de la canneberge (Vaccinium macrocarpon) et de la propolis : Study of the anti-adherential and anti-bacterial effect of cranberryand propolis.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Montpellier. Accessed December 09, 2019.
http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT122.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ranfaing, Jérémy. “Etudes des activités anti-adhérentielles et anti-bactériennes de la canneberge (Vaccinium macrocarpon) et de la propolis : Study of the anti-adherential and anti-bacterial effect of cranberryand propolis.” 2017. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Ranfaing J. Etudes des activités anti-adhérentielles et anti-bactériennes de la canneberge (Vaccinium macrocarpon) et de la propolis : Study of the anti-adherential and anti-bacterial effect of cranberryand propolis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Montpellier; 2017. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT122.
Council of Science Editors:
Ranfaing J. Etudes des activités anti-adhérentielles et anti-bactériennes de la canneberge (Vaccinium macrocarpon) et de la propolis : Study of the anti-adherential and anti-bacterial effect of cranberryand propolis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Montpellier; 2017. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT122
21.
Pettersson, Hanna.
Sjuksköterskans förebyggande av vårdrelaterade urinvägsinfektioner - en litteraturöversikt.
Degree: Caring Science/Nursing, 2019, Dalarna University
URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-29445
► Bakgrund: Urinvägsinfektioner är en av de vanligaste vårdrelaterade infektionerna inom svensk sjukvård. Varje år drabbas 65 000 personer av en vårdrelaterad infektion, av dessa…
(more)
▼ Bakgrund: Urinvägsinfektioner är en av de vanligaste vårdrelaterade infektionerna inom svensk sjukvård. Varje år drabbas 65 000 personer av en vårdrelaterad infektion, av dessa är 14 % urinvägsrelaterad. Detta medför onödigt lidande för patienten, men ger också upphov till förlängda vårdtider och ökade kostnader för hälso- och sjukvården. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hur sjuksköterskan kan arbeta preventivt för att minska förekomsten av vårdrelaterade urinvägsinfektioner. Metod: Studiens design var en litteraturöversikt innehållande 15 vetenskapliga artiklar, varav 13 stycken var kvantitativa och två stycken var kvalitativa. Datainsamlingen har skett via sökningar i databaserna PubMed och Cinahl, valda artiklar granskades med granskningsmallar och sammanställdes sedan i resultatet. Resultat: Resultatet visade att ett förebyggande arbete kring rutiner vid kateterisering innebar minskade risker för att drabbas av urinvägsinfektioner. Utbildning och ökad medvetenhet kring hygien visade sig ha en positiv effekt både hos patienter och bland personal. Det påvisades även ett positivt samband med ett ökat vätskeintag samt kosttillskott i form av tranbärskapslar. Slutsats: För att minska vårdrelaterade urinvägsinfektioner krävs det att sjuksköterskan har en följsamhet i det förebyggande arbetet. Utbildning bland personal och patienter, större medvetenhet kring basala hygienrutiner och korrekt rutiner vid kateterisering har en stor betydelse i det preventiva arbetet.
Background: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common nosocomial infections in Swedish health care. Each year, 65 000 people suffer from a nosocomial infection, of which 14 % are urinary tract related. This problem causes unnecessary suffering for the patient, prolonged waiting times and increased costs for health care. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe how nurses could prevent nosocomial urinary tract infections. Methods: This was a literature review based on 15 articles. Of these, 13 studies had a quantitative approach and two studies had a qualitative approach. The data collection has been done by searching in the databases PubMed and Cinahl. Chosen articles were reviewed by using reviewing templates, analyzed and were compiled in the result. Results: The result showed that proactive work regarding routines when catheterize amounted to less risks for patients suffering from urinary tract infections. Education and increased awareness around hygiene turned out to have a positive effect on patients in decreasing urinary tract infections and on staff behavior. There was also a positive correlation between an increased fluid intake and cranberry capsules as a supplement. Conclusion: To reduce nosocomial urinary tract infections it is required that the nurse is involved in the proactive work. Education for staff and patients, greater awareness around basic…
Subjects/Keywords: Indwelling catheter; nosocomial urinary tract infections; nurse; prevention; urinary tract infection; Kvarliggande kateter; prevention; sjuksköterska; urinvägsinfektion; vårdrelaterad urinvägsinfektion; Nursing; Omvårdnad
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APA (6th Edition):
Pettersson, H. (2019). Sjuksköterskans förebyggande av vårdrelaterade urinvägsinfektioner - en litteraturöversikt. (Thesis). Dalarna University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-29445
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Pettersson, Hanna. “Sjuksköterskans förebyggande av vårdrelaterade urinvägsinfektioner - en litteraturöversikt.” 2019. Thesis, Dalarna University. Accessed December 09, 2019.
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-29445.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Pettersson, Hanna. “Sjuksköterskans förebyggande av vårdrelaterade urinvägsinfektioner - en litteraturöversikt.” 2019. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Pettersson H. Sjuksköterskans förebyggande av vårdrelaterade urinvägsinfektioner - en litteraturöversikt. [Internet] [Thesis]. Dalarna University; 2019. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-29445.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Pettersson H. Sjuksköterskans förebyggande av vårdrelaterade urinvägsinfektioner - en litteraturöversikt. [Thesis]. Dalarna University; 2019. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-29445
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Universiteit Utrecht
22.
Venmans, L.M.A.J.
Diabetes and infections: towards an optimal treatment strategy in primary care.
Degree: 2007, Universiteit Utrecht
URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/22756
► Context. Almost 90% of the people with diabetes have DM2 and most of them are treated in primary care. Current evidence of the association between…
(more)
▼ Context.
Almost 90% of the people with diabetes have DM2 and most of them are treated in primary care. Current evidence of the association between diabetes and infections is not clear. A complicated course of infections may influence the diabetes-related burden of people with DM2. However, since there is a lack of data on prognostic factors for complications from infections of the urinary (UTI) and lower respiratory tract (LRTI), related health care cannot be tailored to the individual needs of patients with diabetes.
Research questions.
1. What is the risk of common infections among patients with DM1 and DM2 and which prognostic factors are associated with a complicated course? 2. What knowledge, health beliefs and intentions do patients with type 2 diabetes have concerning the management of common infections? 3. What is the effect of an educational program on health seeking behavior in case of LRTI and UTI in patients with type 2 diabetes?
Methods.
Q1. In a prospective cohort study we compared patients with diabetes with patients who had hypertension. Furthermore, we developed prediction rules for complicated UTI and LRTI in patients with diabetes. Q2. We conducted focus group interviews with DM2 patients. Additional quantitative information was obtained by a questionnaire study. Q3. We developed a health educational program on common infections for DM2 patients, based on the results of the focus group interviews and questionnaires. We assessed its short-term effects on health seeking behavior in 1124 patients with DM2 in 101 general practices in a randomized controlled trial.
Results.
Patients with diabetes had a higher risk of LRTI (adj. OR for DM1 1.42 and for DM2 1.32) and UTI (1.96 and 1.24). Risks increased with recurrences of common infections. Upper RTI were equally common in patients with diabetes compared with controls. Predictors for complicated UTI in DM2 patients were increasing age, male gender, number of physician contacts, urinary incontinence, cerebrovascular disease, dementia and renal disease. Predictors for complicated LRTI in diabetes were type of LRTI diagnosis, age, heart failure, hospitalization in previous year, use of antibiotics in previous month, use of prednisone. The majority of the DM2 patients lacked knowledge and proper health beliefs about UTI and LRTI. After the educational program, compared to controls, knowledge about symptoms of UTI and LRTI in participants of the intervention group increased (increase 11% versus 0% and 31% versus 4%). Moreover bronchitis and cystitis were perceived by more patients as dangerous (increase 21% versus 5% and 22% versus 4%, respectively). Diaries showed that, compared to controls, there was a trend of intervention group patients visiting their GP more often in cases of symptoms about which they had been advised during the educational meetings.
Conclusion.
Diabetes increases the risk of (recurrence of) common infections, except for those of the upper respiratory tract. Education of patients with DM2 and diabetes care…
Subjects/Keywords: Geneeskunde; diabetes; urinary tract infection; lower respiratory tract infection; general practice; etiology; prognosis; focus group; randomized controlled trial; education; prevention
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APA (6th Edition):
Venmans, L. M. A. J. (2007). Diabetes and infections: towards an optimal treatment strategy in primary care. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/22756
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Venmans, L M A J. “Diabetes and infections: towards an optimal treatment strategy in primary care.” 2007. Doctoral Dissertation, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed December 09, 2019.
http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/22756.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Venmans, L M A J. “Diabetes and infections: towards an optimal treatment strategy in primary care.” 2007. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Venmans LMAJ. Diabetes and infections: towards an optimal treatment strategy in primary care. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2007. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/22756.
Council of Science Editors:
Venmans LMAJ. Diabetes and infections: towards an optimal treatment strategy in primary care. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2007. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/22756
University of Oulu
23.
Venhola, M. (Mika).
Vesicoureteral reflux in children.
Degree: 2011, University of Oulu
URL: http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514295652
► Abstract The aims of the work were to evaluate the comparability and repeatability of urodynamic studies and to examine whether such examinations are useful for…
(more)
▼ Abstract
The aims of the work were to evaluate the comparability and repeatability of urodynamic studies and to examine whether such examinations are useful for predicting the recurrence of urinary tract infections or the presence of vesicoureteral reflux, to analyse the efficacy of treatments for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), to validate a pre-established clinical decision rule for targeting voiding cystourethrograms efficiently in children and to investigate the occurrence of vesicoureteral reflux.
Reports on urodynamic examinations performed on children were evaluated by analysing inter-observer and intra-observer agreement in their interpretations, and 116 children were followed up to examine whether such examinations can be used to predict the recurrence of urinary tract infections and the presence of vesicoureteral reflux. A meta-analysis of publications on treatments for vesicoureteral reflux was made to analyse their efficacy in children. A group of 406 children were examined to validate a pre-established clinical decision rule for managing vesicoureteral reflux in children after the first urinary tract infection and to investigate the occurrence of VUR in children.
We found poor agreement among the observers in their urodynamic assessments. Neither the occurrence of VUR nor recurrent urinary tract infection could be predicted from the findings in urodynamic studies. The meta-analysis indicated no significant difference between conservative or operative treatment in terms of the recurrence of urinary tract infections, kidney growth or scarring. Our validation of the clinical decision rule showed that it had good specificity but very modest sensitivity in identifying children with dilating vesicoureteral reflux. The overall prevalence of vesicoureteral reflux was 35%, and its occurrence was similar in children without urinary tract infection.
We claim that the occurrence of vesicoureteral reflux in children is higher than the figure of 1% suggested earlier. We could not predict the presence or absence of vesicoureteral reflux from the results of the urodynamic examinations, nor could we predict recurrent urinary tract infections from these findings. We suggest that it is not possible to predict VUR reliably, and that conservative treatment is sufficient for the majority of children with VUR.
Tiivistelmä
Väitöskirjani tutkimussarjassa selvitimme lapsen virtsateissä tapahtuvan virtsan takaisinvirtauksen (vesikoureteraalinen refluksi, VUR) yleisyyttä ja yhteyttä lasten virtsatieinfektioihin, arvioimme aiemmin julkaistun tutkimusohjeen käyttökelpoisuutta lasten virtsateiden kuvantamispäätöstä tehtäessä ja teimme meta-analyysin virtsan takaisinvirtauksen hoitotapojen merkityksestä munuaisten kehitykselle ja toiminnalle. Selvitimme myös virtsarakon toiminnallisten tutkimusten arviointien toistettavuutta ja vertailtavuutta lastenkirurgien kesken sekä onko näillä tutkimuksilla mahdollista havaita onko lapsella VUR tai taipumusta uusiutuviin virtsatieinfektioihin.
Tutkimassamme 406 lapsen aineistossa virtsan…
Advisors/Committee Members: Uhari, M. (Matti), Serlo, W. (Willy).
Subjects/Keywords: child; kidney; renal scarring; urinary tract infection; vesicoureteral reflux; lapset; munuaistaudit; virtsaelimet; virtsan takaisinvirtaus; virtsatieinfektio
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APA (6th Edition):
Venhola, M. (. (2011). Vesicoureteral reflux in children. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oulu. Retrieved from http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514295652
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Venhola, M (Mika). “Vesicoureteral reflux in children.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oulu. Accessed December 09, 2019.
http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514295652.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Venhola, M (Mika). “Vesicoureteral reflux in children.” 2011. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Venhola M(. Vesicoureteral reflux in children. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oulu; 2011. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514295652.
Council of Science Editors:
Venhola M(. Vesicoureteral reflux in children. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oulu; 2011. Available from: http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514295652
Anna University
24.
Subadra M.
Hardware reconfigurable neural network based electronic
nose system for early diagnosis of sterile body fluid
infections.
Degree: Information and Communication, 2012, Anna University
URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/13808
► In the midst of infectious diseases, detection of microorganisms in Sterile Body Fluids (SBF) has vital diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Sepsis and Urinary Tract Infections…
(more)
▼ In the midst of infectious diseases, detection of
microorganisms in Sterile Body Fluids (SBF) has vital diagnostic
and therapeutic implications. Sepsis and Urinary Tract Infections
are such kinds which continue to be a major problem for neonates.
The results of diagnostic studies of these diseases shall be
informed without delay to the concerned physician for initiating
accurate treatment. This research proposes a rapid (lt3 hours) and
hand held diagnostic tool by employing Electronic nose system. Out
of various microorganisms causing neonatal sepsis and Urinary Tract
Infection (UTI), this research focuses on differentiating E.coli
from other microorganisms. This research investigation also tries
to identify the growth phase of E.coli as it cannot be identified
by the conventional gold standard method. In order to carry out
this study, cultured microbial samples were collected and the head
space of each sample was analysed by Metal Oxide Semiconductor
(MOS) sensor array. Four different pattern recognition procedures
have been deployed; they are classified as linear: Principal
Component Analysis (PCA) and three non linear : Multi Layer
Perceptron (MLP), Principal Component Analysis hybrid (PCANN) and
Support Vector Machine (SVM). In comparison with the results of
previous work, it is found that in this work, the overall
sensitivity 99.44% and the overall Specificity 100% are achieved
comparatively in a shorter duration (lt3 hours). This study
successfully demonstrated the feasibility of E-nose as a diagnostic
tool for early diagnosis of sterile body fluid infections together
with the possibility of recognising the growth phase. After
investigation it has been realised that potential does exist for
early diagnosis which may help save the neonates by providing them
an appropriate antibiotic at the earliest. As the MOS sensory array
can be fabricated as a chip, it is now assured that PARC (ANN) can
also be put into the chip, thereby a prototype can be formed for
devising hand held diagnostic tool.
Appendices p. 169-172, References p. 173 -191, List
of publications p. 192-194
Advisors/Committee Members: Rajamani V.
Subjects/Keywords: Neural network; Electronic nose system; Sterile body fluid; E-coli; Urinary Tract Infection
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
M, S. (2012). Hardware reconfigurable neural network based electronic
nose system for early diagnosis of sterile body fluid
infections. (Thesis). Anna University. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/13808
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
M, Subadra. “Hardware reconfigurable neural network based electronic
nose system for early diagnosis of sterile body fluid
infections.” 2012. Thesis, Anna University. Accessed December 09, 2019.
http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/13808.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
M, Subadra. “Hardware reconfigurable neural network based electronic
nose system for early diagnosis of sterile body fluid
infections.” 2012. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
M S. Hardware reconfigurable neural network based electronic
nose system for early diagnosis of sterile body fluid
infections. [Internet] [Thesis]. Anna University; 2012. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/13808.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
M S. Hardware reconfigurable neural network based electronic
nose system for early diagnosis of sterile body fluid
infections. [Thesis]. Anna University; 2012. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/13808
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
25.
Ballard, Nancy M.
EVALUATION OF SELECTED COMPONENTS OF THE NURSING WORKLIFE MODEL PATHWAYS AND ASSOCIATION WITH CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.
Degree: PhD, Nursing, 2015, University of Kansas
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/19457
► ABSTRACT Identification of elements of the practice environment that influence both nurse satisfaction and patient outcomes is an important area for nursing research. While several…
(more)
▼ ABSTRACT Identification of elements of the practice environment that influence both nurse satisfaction and patient outcomes is an important area for nursing research. While several valid and reliable tools to measure the components of the practice environment have been developed by nurse researchers with two measures, , the Practice Environment Scale and Job Enjoyment Scale, are included in the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators® (NDNQI®) RN Satisfaction Survey. Leiter and Lachinger (2006) posited the Nursing Worklife Model (NWLM) to explain how the elements identified are interrelated in the complex system of the nurse practice environment with subsequent work that extended the model to include association of nurse perception of patient adverse events. Further exploration of the impact of the specific elements of the practice environment on patient adverse events is needed. To date, researchers have primarily evaluated the impact of clinical outcomes using administrative data at the hospital or individual nurse level using nurse perceived adverse patient outcomes. In addition to RN Survey data, the NDNQI® provides a database of nurse-sensitive clinical outcomes (e.g.,
urinary tract infections rates) at the unit level. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of elements of the NWLM on a measured nurse-sensitive outcome, catheter associated
urinary tract infection (CAUTI) at the unit level. Hospital acquired conditions (HACs) related to nosocomial
infection are adverse patient events that have a significant impact on financial, morbidity and mortality outcomes. Catheter associated
urinary tract infections (CAUTI) has been identified as one of the nurse sensitive indicators that is the most commonly occurring HACs (CDC, 2010). Specifically this study used a secondary analysis to fit the NWLM to unit level data from the 2011 NDNQI® RN Survey using structural equation modelling and resulted in a modified NWLM of job enjoyment. Additional significant paths were added to job enjoyment, staffing and resource adequacy, and foundations for quality care (CFI=.999; RMSEA=.059 [95% CI=.034-.089]; SRMR= .002). A second study followed that confirmed the modified NWLM of job enjoyment using 2012 NDNQI® RN Survey data. The model was extended to include data from the Quality Outcome database from which CAUTI rate was calculated to evaluate the NWLM path to CAUTI using structural equation modelling (CFI=.995; RMSEA= .04 [95% CI=.028-.056]; SRMR=.020). This study will add to the literature about the impact of the nurse practice environment on clinical outcomes at the unit level using a measured clinical outcome.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bott, Marjorie J (advisor), Miller, Peggy (cmtemember), Park, Shin H (cmtemember), Popkess-Vawter, Sue (cmtemember), Gajewski, Byron (cmtemember).
Subjects/Keywords: Nursing; Catheter associated urinary tract infection; Nurse practice environment; Nursing Worklife Model; Structural equation modeling
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Ballard, N. M. (2015). EVALUATION OF SELECTED COMPONENTS OF THE NURSING WORKLIFE MODEL PATHWAYS AND ASSOCIATION WITH CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Kansas. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1808/19457
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ballard, Nancy M. “EVALUATION OF SELECTED COMPONENTS OF THE NURSING WORKLIFE MODEL PATHWAYS AND ASSOCIATION WITH CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Kansas. Accessed December 09, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/19457.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ballard, Nancy M. “EVALUATION OF SELECTED COMPONENTS OF THE NURSING WORKLIFE MODEL PATHWAYS AND ASSOCIATION WITH CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.” 2015. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Ballard NM. EVALUATION OF SELECTED COMPONENTS OF THE NURSING WORKLIFE MODEL PATHWAYS AND ASSOCIATION WITH CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Kansas; 2015. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/19457.
Council of Science Editors:
Ballard NM. EVALUATION OF SELECTED COMPONENTS OF THE NURSING WORKLIFE MODEL PATHWAYS AND ASSOCIATION WITH CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Kansas; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/19457
Univerzitet u Beogradu
26.
Petrović, Stanislava M., 1976-.
Dijagnostički i ekonomski značaj određivanja biomarkera
akutnog oštećenja bubrega kod dece.
Degree: Farmaceutski fakultet, 2016, Univerzitet u Beogradu
URL: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:10850/bdef:Content/get
► Farmacija - Medicinska biohemija / Pharmacy - Medical biochemistry
Akutno oštećenje bubrega (AOB) se odlikuje naglim pogoršanjem bubrežne funkcije u periodu od nekoliko sati ili…
(more)
▼ Farmacija - Medicinska biohemija / Pharmacy -
Medical biochemistry
Akutno oštećenje bubrega (AOB) se odlikuje naglim
pogoršanjem bubrežne funkcije u periodu od nekoliko sati ili dana,
usled čega bubrezi nisu sposobni da efikasno izlučuju azotne
produkte metabolizma i održavaju homeostazu tečnosti i elektrolita
u organizmu. Razvoj AOB tokom boravka pacijenata na intenzivnoj
nezi je povezan sa devet puta većom stopom smrtnosti i četiri puta
dužim boravkom u bolnici. Pored toga, postoje brojni dokazi da je
rizik od hroničnih komplikacija značajno uvećan kod pacijenata sa
AOB. Blagovremeno identifikovanje dece sa AOB može biti od ključnog
značaja za dalje zbrinjavanje, pogotovu što trenutni laboratorijski
i klinički parametri nisu dovoljno pouzdani za detekciju akutnog
oštećenja. Koncentracija kreatinina u serumu, koja je trenutno
glavni dijagnostički test, uvećava se kasno u AOB. Zato su aktuelna
ispitivanja biomarkera koji odražavaju promenu bubrežne funkcije u
akutnim stanjima, uključujući cistatin C [Cystatin-C (Cys-C)],
lipokalin [neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)],
molekul oštećenja bubrega-1 [kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1)],
jetreni tip vezujućeg proteina za masne kiseline [liver-type fatty
acid-binding protein (L-FABP)]. Mogući uzrok za razvoj AOB je i
teži oblik infekcije urinarnog trakta (IUT). Aktuelna dijagnostička
procedura za praćenje zahvaćenosti bubrega tokom IUT je
scintigrafija bubrega, koja je invazivna i skupa dijagnostička
tehnika. Pored toga, danas je dobro poznato da oksidativni stres
ima važnu ulogu u patogenezi bolesti bubrega. Pošto je efekat
različitih oksidanasa i antioksidanasa u serumu aditivan, primenom
Erel-ovih metoda može se odrediti ukupan kapacitet svih
pojedinačnih oksidanasa i antioksidanasa u organizmu koji se
označavaju kao totalni oksidativni status (TOS) i totalni
antioksidativni status (TAS). Sa ekonomske tačke gledišta, AOB je
povezano sa većim utroškom finansijskih sredstava usled dužeg
boravka ovih pacijenata u bolnici, ali i većih troškova povezanih
sa dugoročnim posledicama. AOB je česta komplikacija i tokom
kardiohirurških intervencija u pedijatriji...
Advisors/Committee Members: Bogavac-Stanojević, Nataša, 1971-.
Subjects/Keywords: acute kidney injury; urinary tract infection; cardiac
surgery; children; biomarkers; oxidative stress; cost effectiveness
analysis
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Petrović, Stanislava M., 1. (2016). Dijagnostički i ekonomski značaj određivanja biomarkera
akutnog oštećenja bubrega kod dece. (Thesis). Univerzitet u Beogradu. Retrieved from https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:10850/bdef:Content/get
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Petrović, Stanislava M., 1976-. “Dijagnostički i ekonomski značaj određivanja biomarkera
akutnog oštećenja bubrega kod dece.” 2016. Thesis, Univerzitet u Beogradu. Accessed December 09, 2019.
https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:10850/bdef:Content/get.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Petrović, Stanislava M., 1976-. “Dijagnostički i ekonomski značaj određivanja biomarkera
akutnog oštećenja bubrega kod dece.” 2016. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Petrović, Stanislava M. 1. Dijagnostički i ekonomski značaj određivanja biomarkera
akutnog oštećenja bubrega kod dece. [Internet] [Thesis]. Univerzitet u Beogradu; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:10850/bdef:Content/get.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Petrović, Stanislava M. 1. Dijagnostički i ekonomski značaj određivanja biomarkera
akutnog oštećenja bubrega kod dece. [Thesis]. Univerzitet u Beogradu; 2016. Available from: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:10850/bdef:Content/get
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Technical University of Lisbon
27.
Dias, Inês Freire Norberto.
Estudo longitudinal da eficácia da enrofloxacina no tratamento da infecção do tracto urinário complicada no cão.
Degree: 2011, Technical University of Lisbon
URL: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/3625
► Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
As infecções do tracto urinário complicadas estão associadas a alterações estruturais ou funcionais do tracto genitourinário ou à…
(more)
▼ Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
As infecções do tracto urinário complicadas estão associadas a alterações estruturais ou
funcionais do tracto genitourinário ou à presença de doenças concomitantes que interfiram
com os mecanismos de defesa do hospedeiro o que aumenta o risco de adquirir infecção ou
falha terapêutica. O objectivo deste estudo foi avaliar as propriedades bactericida e
concentração - dependente da enrofloxacina quando utilizada no dobro da dose padrão,
uma vez ao dia durante 7 dias no tratamento da ITUc no cão. Durante 4 meses, 14 cães
com sinais de ITU inferior, factores que predispusessem a uma potencial ITUc e sem
antibioterapia prévia foram incluídos neste estudo. Os pacientes foram avaliados
clinicamente (através de um inquérito) e a urina foi colhida para urianálise e urocultura aos
dias 0, 3, 7 e 12. A urocultura e os testes de susceptibilidade a antibióticos foram realizados
segundo os métodos padrão e interpretados segundo os critérios do CLSI. Dos 14
pacientes, 7 apresentaram bacteriúria significativa (BS) por Escherichia coli (n=3),
Staphylococcus cohnii (n=1), Proteus mirabilis (n=1), Enterococcus faecalis (n=1), e um
Staphylococcus aureus meticilina - resistente (MRSA) caracterizados por: >105 UFC/ml,
piúria de 10 leucócitos/campo de 400X (n=6) e <5 leucócitos (n=1). Ao dia 0 todas as
bactérias uropatogénicas isoladas foram susceptíveis à enrofloxacina à excepção do MRSA.
Este paciente foi assim excluído do estudo. Além da BS, 6 pacientes submetidos ao
tratamento com enrofloxacina 10 mg/kg a cada 24 horas durante 7 dias tinham uma
anomalia estrutural ou funcional do tracto genitourinário (bexiga neurogénica, n=2;
hiperplasia benigna da próstata (HBP) com cistite polipóide, n=1; HBP com abcessos
prostáticos, n=1; litíase vesical, n=1; carcinoma das células de transição da bexiga (CCT)
com pielonefrite, n=1) e um deles apresentava uma doença concomitante imunossupressora
(linfoma multicêntrico). Assim, estes 7 pacientes apresentavam ITUc. O paciente com CCT e
pielonefrite não seguiu o tratamento padrão e foi avaliado semanalmente durante 4 semanas
apresentando cura bacteriológica na primeira semana de tratamento mas sempre com
hematúria. Os restantes 5 pacientes obtiveram cura bacteriológica ao dia 3. Cinco dias após
tratamento, dois cães apresentaram uroculturas positivas: uma recidiva, o paciente com
linfoma multicêntrico e uma superinfeção e recidiva, o paciente com bacteriúria
assintomática e abcessos prostáticos. Três dos cães com ITUc foram tratados com sucesso
sem recorrência (3 semanas depois). O tratamento aplicado 10 mg/kg a cada 24 horas
durante 7 dias foi eficaz nos casos de ITUc em que as anomalias estruturais e funcionais
foram resolvidas. Este estudo mostra que um acompanhamento detalhado dos pacientes é
essencial para a eficácia e curta duração dos tratamentos da ITUc.
ABSTRACT - LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF ENROFLOXACIN EFFICACY ON THE TREATMENT OF
CANINE COMPLICATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS -
Complicated UTIs (cUTIs) are associated with a structural…
Advisors/Committee Members: Pomba, Maria Constança Matias Ferreira, Carneiro, Joana Filipa Paiva de Ferreira Gomes.
Subjects/Keywords: Infecção do tracto urinário; Complicada; Enrofloxacina; Eficácia; Cão; Urinary tract infection; Complicated; Enrofloxacin; Efficacy; Dog
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
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APA (6th Edition):
Dias, I. F. N. (2011). Estudo longitudinal da eficácia da enrofloxacina no tratamento da infecção do tracto urinário complicada no cão. (Thesis). Technical University of Lisbon. Retrieved from http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/3625
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Dias, Inês Freire Norberto. “Estudo longitudinal da eficácia da enrofloxacina no tratamento da infecção do tracto urinário complicada no cão.” 2011. Thesis, Technical University of Lisbon. Accessed December 09, 2019.
http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/3625.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Dias, Inês Freire Norberto. “Estudo longitudinal da eficácia da enrofloxacina no tratamento da infecção do tracto urinário complicada no cão.” 2011. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Dias IFN. Estudo longitudinal da eficácia da enrofloxacina no tratamento da infecção do tracto urinário complicada no cão. [Internet] [Thesis]. Technical University of Lisbon; 2011. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/3625.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Dias IFN. Estudo longitudinal da eficácia da enrofloxacina no tratamento da infecção do tracto urinário complicada no cão. [Thesis]. Technical University of Lisbon; 2011. Available from: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/3625
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
28.
Matos, Ana Isabel Soares de.
Patogénese da Infeção Urinária.
Degree: 2012, Universidade Fernando Pessoa
URL: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:bdigital.ufp.pt:10284/3567
► Trabalho apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas
A infeção do trato urinário (ITU)…
(more)
▼ Trabalho apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas
A infeção do trato urinário (ITU) ocorre frequentemente no humano. É mais prevalente no sexo feminino, mas também acomete pacientes do sexo masculino principalmente quando associada à manipulação do trato urinário e à disfunção prostática. A ITU pode ser classificada quanto à localização em ITU baixa (cistite) e ITU alta (pielonefrite) e quanto à presença de fatores de risco em ITU não complicada e ITU complicada. Os agentes etiológicos mais frequentemente envolvidos com ITU adquirida na comunidade são, em ordem de frequência: a Escherichia coli, o Staphilococcus saprophyticus, espécies de Proteus e de Klebsiella e o Enterococcus faecalis. A presença de infeção, bem como a sua extensão, depende da interação entre fatores de virulência do microrganismo, defesas do hospedeiro e tamanho do inóculo. Os sinais e sintomas associados à ITU incluem polaciúria, urgência miccional, disúria, hematúria e piúria. A escolha de terapia antimicrobiana para a ITU varia de acordo com a apresentação da infeção, hospedeiro e agente. Estratégias envolvendo diferentes esquemas terapêuticos de acordo com grupos específicos de pacientes maximizam os benefícios terapêuticos além de reduzir os custos, as incidências de efeitos adversos e o surgimento de microrganismos resistentes. A urinary tract infection (UTI) occurs frequently in human. It is more prevalent in females but affects males especially when associated with manipulation of the urinary tract and prostate dysfunction.The UTI can be classified according to location in lower UTI (cystitis) and high UTI (pielonephritis) and according the presence of complicating factors in uncomplicated UTI and complicated UTI. The etiologic agents most frequently involved with community-acquired UTI are in order of frequency: Escherichia coli, Staphilococcus saprophyticus, Proteus species and Klebsiella and Enterococcus faecalis. The presence of infection and their extent depends on the interaction between factors of virulence of the microorganism host defenses and inoculums size. The signs and symptoms associated with UTI include urinary frequency, urinary urgency, dysuria, hematuria and pyuria. The choice of antimicrobial therapy for the ITU varies with the introduction of infection, host and agent. Strategies involving different treatment regimens according to specific patient groups maximize the therapeutic benefits and reduce costs, the incidence of adverse effects and the emergence of resistant microorganisms.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sousa, João Carlos.
Subjects/Keywords: Infeção do trato urinário; Etiologia; Fatores de virulência; Urinary tract infection; Etiology; Virulence factors
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APA ·
Chicago ·
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to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
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APA (6th Edition):
Matos, A. I. S. d. (2012). Patogénese da Infeção Urinária. (Thesis). Universidade Fernando Pessoa. Retrieved from http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:bdigital.ufp.pt:10284/3567
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Matos, Ana Isabel Soares de. “Patogénese da Infeção Urinária.” 2012. Thesis, Universidade Fernando Pessoa. Accessed December 09, 2019.
http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:bdigital.ufp.pt:10284/3567.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Matos, Ana Isabel Soares de. “Patogénese da Infeção Urinária.” 2012. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Matos AISd. Patogénese da Infeção Urinária. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade Fernando Pessoa; 2012. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:bdigital.ufp.pt:10284/3567.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Matos AISd. Patogénese da Infeção Urinária. [Thesis]. Universidade Fernando Pessoa; 2012. Available from: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:bdigital.ufp.pt:10284/3567
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Washington University in St. Louis
29.
Guiton, Pascale.
Molecular Insights into the Uropathogenesis of Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli in the Context of Urinary Catheterization.
Degree: PhD, Biology and Biomedical Sciences: Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, 2012, Washington University in St. Louis
URL: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/580
► Nosocomial urinary tract infections: UTIs) are a very common result of catheterization with 3 to 7% risk of developing catheter-associated UTIs: CAUTIs) each day catheterized.…
(more)
▼ Nosocomial
urinary tract infections: UTIs) are a very common result of catheterization with 3 to 7% risk of developing catheter-associated UTIs: CAUTIs) each day catheterized. As multi-drug resistance increases in uropathogens, it is imperative to better understand the effects of catheterization on the
urinary tract and pathogenesis. Further, microbial colonization and biofilm production on the surface of
urinary catheters are a common component of CAUTIs. Thus, this dissertation focuses on understanding the contribution of known biofilm determinants to urovirulence of Enterococcus faecalis: a common nosocomial uropathogen) and uropathogenic Escherichia coli: UPEC): the most common causative agent of UTI), and the effects of catheterization on bladder physiology using in vitro and optimized in vivo models. In vitro studies reported here demonstrated that E. faecalis produces DNA-dependent biofilms, which require both SrtA and Atn for efficient attachment as well as extracellular DNA from autolytic processes during the accumulative phase for maturation and architectural stability of the biofilm under both static and hydronamic conditions. Further, in vivo studies optimizing and using a rodent model of foreign body-associated UTI to mimic conditions of indwelling
urinary catheters in humans underscored the importance of biofilm formation, although in vivo required only a subset of the identified in vitro biofilm-promoting factors such as sortases, for the establishment of persistent enterococcal UTIs despite the acute inflammatory response ensuing from
urinary implantation. This response was characterized in these studies and shown to involve bladder wall edema, partial disruption of the epithelial layer, vascular permeability, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and recruitment of myeloid cells, particularly neutrophils. During
infection of implanted murine bladders, it was shown that type 1 pili mediate UPEC adherence and invasion, similar to what was observed in non-catheterized bladders. Studies in this murine model further demonstrated that microbial reservoirs established during previous UPEC
infection could serve as a nidus for
urinary catheter colonization upon subsequent implantation. Specific targeting of type 1 pili with small molecule inhibitors of the pilus tip adhesin, FimH, in combination with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole prevented UPEC CAUTI. This finding establishes a proof-of-principle for the development of novel therapies to prevent and eventually treat UPEC CAUTI in the face of the rise of antibiotic resistant uropathogens. Overall, the optimization and use of the murine model of foreign body-associated UTI represents a significant advance in the understanding of the pathophysiology of E. faecalis</talic> and UPEC uropathogenesis in CAUTIs and is a valuable tool for the identification of virulence factors, including enterococcal sortases and UPEC type 1 pili, involved in these infections. Further research is required to uncover other…
Advisors/Committee Members: Scott Hultgren.
Subjects/Keywords: Microbiology; Molecular biology; Catheter; Enterococcus faecalis; Murine model; UPEC; Urinary tract infection; uropathogenesis
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Guiton, P. (2012). Molecular Insights into the Uropathogenesis of Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli in the Context of Urinary Catheterization. (Doctoral Dissertation). Washington University in St. Louis. Retrieved from https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/580
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Guiton, Pascale. “Molecular Insights into the Uropathogenesis of Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli in the Context of Urinary Catheterization.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis. Accessed December 09, 2019.
https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/580.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Guiton, Pascale. “Molecular Insights into the Uropathogenesis of Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli in the Context of Urinary Catheterization.” 2012. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Guiton P. Molecular Insights into the Uropathogenesis of Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli in the Context of Urinary Catheterization. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Washington University in St. Louis; 2012. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/580.
Council of Science Editors:
Guiton P. Molecular Insights into the Uropathogenesis of Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli in the Context of Urinary Catheterization. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Washington University in St. Louis; 2012. Available from: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/580
Washington University in St. Louis
30.
Rosen, David.
Conservation Of The Intracellular Bacterial Community Pathogenic Pathway In Urinary Tract Infection.
Degree: PhD, Biology and Biomedical Sciences: Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, 2010, Washington University in St. Louis
URL: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/299
► Urinary tract infections: UTIs) affect 13 million women annually in the United States. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli: UPEC) is the predominant etiologic agent of UTI; however,…
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▼ Urinary tract infections: UTIs) affect 13 million women annually in the United States. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli: UPEC) is the predominant etiologic agent of UTI; however, several other uropathogens, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, are also significant causative agents. In a murine cystitis model, UPEC utilize a multistep pathogenic pathway in which they invade and form intracellular bacterial communities: IBCs) within bladder facet cells. Type 1 pili, adhesive fimbriae, are necessary for UPEC binding and invasion of urothelial cells and formation of IBCs. UPEC ultimately disperse from the IBC, many with filamentous morphology, and proceed to infect other host urothelial cells. This work evaluates the conservation of the IBC pathogenic pathway across both host and uropathogen. To determine if the IBC pathway occurs in human UTI, urine samples from women with acute, uncomplicated cystitis and from asymptomatic women were blindly analyzed. We found evidence of IBCs in 18% and filamentous bacteria in 41% of urines from women with UTI. None of the urines from the asymptomatic comparative group or from Gram-positive UTIs showed evidence of IBCs or filaments. These findings suggest that the IBC pathogenic pathway characterized in the mice also occurs in humans. Numerous non-UPEC, Gram-negative uropathogens were found competent for IBC formation in the murine cystitis model. The uropathogenesis of one of these IBC formers, K. pneumoniae, was compared to UPEC. K. pneumoniae was able to colonize the murine bladder and form IBCs, but to a lesser extent than UPEC early in
infection. Much of this disparity can be attributed to differences in expression and function of type 1 pili. Specifically, K. pneumoniae encodes an extra fim operon gene, fimK, which inhibits expression of type 1 pili. Additionally, K. pneumoniae has a defect in the mannose-sensitive hemagglutination phenotype of type 1 pili specific to its FimH adhesin domain. These differences in expression and function of K. pneumoniae type 1 pili explain, in part, why K. pneumoniae is a less prevalent etiologic agent of UTI than UPEC. To further analyze host factors involved in UTI pathogenesis of K. pneumoniae and other uropathogens, we developed a streptozocin-induced diabetic model of UTI. Diabetic mice were found to be more susceptible to UTI, especially by non-UPEC uropathogens, compared to healthy mice. This work revealed that the IBC pathogenic pathway occurs in human UTI and is common to several uropathogens, albeit to varying degrees of efficiency. Further insight into this conserved pathway may lead to enhanced UTI treatments and prevention of recurrence.
Advisors/Committee Members: Scott Hultgren.
Subjects/Keywords: Biology, Microbiology; Biology, Molecular; Diabetes, E. coli, Klebsiella, Pathogenesis, Urinary Tract Infection
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APA (6th Edition):
Rosen, D. (2010). Conservation Of The Intracellular Bacterial Community Pathogenic Pathway In Urinary Tract Infection. (Doctoral Dissertation). Washington University in St. Louis. Retrieved from https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/299
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rosen, David. “Conservation Of The Intracellular Bacterial Community Pathogenic Pathway In Urinary Tract Infection.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis. Accessed December 09, 2019.
https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/299.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rosen, David. “Conservation Of The Intracellular Bacterial Community Pathogenic Pathway In Urinary Tract Infection.” 2010. Web. 09 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Rosen D. Conservation Of The Intracellular Bacterial Community Pathogenic Pathway In Urinary Tract Infection. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Washington University in St. Louis; 2010. [cited 2019 Dec 09].
Available from: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/299.
Council of Science Editors:
Rosen D. Conservation Of The Intracellular Bacterial Community Pathogenic Pathway In Urinary Tract Infection. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Washington University in St. Louis; 2010. Available from: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/299
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